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Leitão L, Campos Y, Louro H, Figueira ACC, Figueiredo T, Pereira A, Conceição A, Marinho DA, Neiva HP. Detraining and Retraining Effects from a Multicomponent Training Program on the Functional Capacity and Health Profile of Physically Active Prehypertensive Older Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:271. [PMID: 38275551 PMCID: PMC10815818 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resuming a physical exercise program after a period of cessation is common in older women. Monitoring the responses during this detraining (DT) and retraining (RT) may allow us to analyze how the body reacts to an increase and a reduction in physical inactivity. Therefore, we conducted a follow-up training, DT, and RT in prehypertensive older women to analyze the response to these periods. METHODS Twenty-three prehypertensive older women (EG; 68.3 ± 2.8 years; 1.61 ± 0.44 m) performed 36 weeks of the multicomponent training program (MTP) followed by twelve weeks of DT plus eight weeks of RT. Fifteen prehypertensive older women (CG; 66.3 ± 3.2 years; 1.59 ± 0.37 m) maintained their normal routine. Functional capacity (FC), lipid, and hemodynamic profile were assessed before, during 24 and 36 weeks of the MTP, after 4 and 12 weeks of DT, and after 8 weeks of RT. RESULTS After 24 weeks of the MTP, only SBP did not improve. Four weeks of DT did not affect lower body strength (30-CS), TC, or GL. Eight weeks of RT improved BP (SBP: -2.52%; ES: 0.36; p < 0.00; DBP: -1.45%; ES: 0.44; p < 0.02), handgrip strength (3.77%; ES: 0.51; p < 0.00), and 30-CS (3.17%; ES: 0.38; p < 0.04) compared with 36 weeks of the MTP. CONCLUSIONS Eight weeks of RT allowed patients to recover the benefits lost with detraining, which after only four weeks affected them negatively, and the systematic practice of exercise contributed to greater regulation of BP since 24 weeks of the MTP proved not to be enough to promote positive effects of SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Leitão
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.C.C.F.); (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (D.A.M.); (H.P.N.)
| | - Yuri Campos
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil;
- Study Group and Research in Neuromuscular Responses, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Hugo Louro
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Santarém, Portugal; (H.L.); (A.C.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Corrêa Figueira
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.C.C.F.); (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Teresa Figueiredo
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.C.C.F.); (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana Pereira
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.C.C.F.); (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana Conceição
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Santarém, Portugal; (H.L.); (A.C.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel A. Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (D.A.M.); (H.P.N.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Henrique P. Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (D.A.M.); (H.P.N.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Guede-Rojas F, Medel-Gutiérrez MJ, Cárcamo-Vargas M, Soto-Martínez A, Chirosa Ríos LJ, Ramirez-Campillo R, Álvarez C, Jerez-Mayorga D. Effects of Exergames and Conventional Physical Therapy on Functional Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Games Health J 2023; 12:341-349. [PMID: 37585611 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2022.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of exergames added to a conventional physical therapy (CPT) program on functional fitness and dynamometric muscle performance for the sit-to-stand (STS) maneuver in older adults and to compare their results concerning a CPT-only intervention. Materials and Methods: Fifty independent older adults were randomly assigned to CPT and exergames (CPT+ExG group; n = 25; age = 71.8 ± 6.8 years) or CPT alone (CPT group; n = 25; age = 71.3 ± 7.4 years). CPT was performed twice a week (60 min/session) for 8 weeks. The CPT+ExG group added exergames for 30 minutes in each session. The Senior Fitness Test was applied, considering the 30-second chair stand test as the primary outcome. Additionally, dynamometric muscle performance during the STS maneuver was assessed. Results: The CPT+ExG group improved the 30-second chair stand (lower body strength), back scratch (upper body flexibility), and 8-foot up-and-go (agility/dynamic balance) tests (all P < 0.05). Both groups improved the kinetic dynamometric variables peak force, peak power, and total work (all P < 0.05). Also, both groups improved the 30-second arm curl test (upper body strength) (P < 0.05), although the increase was higher in the CPT+ExG group compared with the CPT group (time × group; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Adding exergames to a CPT program only significantly increases upper limb strength compared with CPT alone. The findings of this study have implications for the design of future exergame interventions focused on improving STS maneuver performance in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Guede-Rojas
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - María José Medel-Gutiérrez
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Concepción, Chile
| | - Macarena Cárcamo-Vargas
- Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Adolfo Soto-Martínez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kinesiology, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis Javier Chirosa Ríos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Álvarez
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Jerez-Mayorga
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Ng YL, Hill KD, Burton E. Experiences of Older Adults With Mild Balance Dysfunction Who Participated in a Supervised Seniors Exercise Park Program Progressing to Independent Practice. J Aging Phys Act 2023; 31:600-610. [PMID: 36638811 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Older adults with mild balance dysfunction can benefit from early intervention. This research explored the experiences of older adults with mild balance dysfunction participating in an 18-week supervised outdoors Seniors Exercise Park program and 6 weeks of unsupervised independent practice. Factors influencing attendance and independent practice were also explored. Semistructured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 24 participants (mean age = 77.4 years, SD = 5.4) and 22 participants (mean age = 77.5 years, SD = 5.6) after 18 and 24 weeks, respectively. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Many participants perceived improvements in health and responded positively to the supervised Seniors Exercise Park program. Factors supporting attendance included building social connections and positive instructor personality. Barriers to training included competing time demands and poor health. These insights suggest that a group-based Seniors Exercise Park supervised program was well accepted and can be an option to improve the health of older adults with mild balance dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Leng Ng
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA,Australia
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore,Singapore
| | - Keith D Hill
- Rehabilitation, Ageing, and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC,Australia
| | - Elissa Burton
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA,Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA,Australia
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Valenzuela PL, Saco-Ledo G, Morales JS, Gallardo-Gómez D, Morales-Palomo F, López-Ortiz S, Rivas-Baeza B, Castillo-García A, Jiménez-Pavón D, Santos-Lozano A, Del Pozo Cruz B, Lucia A. Effects of physical exercise on physical function in older adults in residential care: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023:S2666-7568(23)00057-0. [PMID: 37182530 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise is effective at attenuating ageing-related physical decline in general, but evidence of its benefits for older adults in residential care, who often have functional dependency, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy, is inconclusive. We aimed to establish the effects of exercise interventions on the physical function of this population. METHODS For this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source, and SPORTDiscus to identify randomised controlled trials assessing the effects of exercise interventions (vs usual care) on physical function (ie, functional independence, physical performance, and other related measures, such as muscle strength, balance, or flexibility) in adults aged 60 years or older living in residential care. Relevant studies published in English or Spanish up to Jan 12, 2023, were included in the systematic review. The quality of studies was assessed using the Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality and Reporting in Exercise (TESTEX) score. A network meta-analysis was performed for physical function-related outcomes reported in at least ten studies, with subanalyses for specific intervention (ie, exercise type, training volume, and study duration) and participant (eg, having cognitive impairment or dementia, pre-frail or frail status, and being functionally dependent) characteristics. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021247809). FINDINGS 147 studies (11 609 participants, with mean ages ranging from 67 years [SD 9] to 92 years [2]) were included in the systematic review, and were rated as having overall good quality (median TESTEX score 9 [range 3-14]). In the meta-analysis (including 105 studies, n=7759 participants), exercise interventions were associated with significantly improved overall physical function, with a standardised mean difference [SMD] of 0·13 (95% credible interval [CrI] 0·04-0·21), which was confirmed in all analysed subpopulations. The strongest association was observed with 110-225 min per week of exercise, and the greatest improvements were observed with 170 min per week (SMD 0·36 [95% CrI 0·20-0·52]). No significant differences were found between exercise types. Subanalyses showed significant improvements for almost all analysed physical function-related outcomes (Barthel index, five-times sit-to-stand test, 30-s sit-to-stand test, knee extension, hand grip strength, bicep curl strength, Short Physical Performance Battery, 6-min walking test, walking speed, Berg balance scale, and sit-and-reach test). Large heterogeneity was found between and within studies in terms of population and intervention characteristics. INTERPRETATION Exercise interventions are associated with improved physical function in older adults in residential care, and should, therefore, be routinely promoted in long-term care facilities. FUNDING None. TRANSLATION For the Spanish translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Systems Biology Department, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Saco-Ledo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier S Morales
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain; Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz Research Unit, Puerto Real University Hospital, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Daniel Gallardo-Gómez
- Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Fitness Across the Lifespan Research Group, Departamento de Educación Física y Deporte, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Félix Morales-Palomo
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain; Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz Research Unit, Puerto Real University Hospital, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing, Madrid, Spain; Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; i+HeALTH, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz Research Unit, Puerto Real University Hospital, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain; Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain; Department of Sport Sciences and Clinical Biomechanics, Southern Denmark University, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing, Madrid, Spain
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Buriticá-Marín ED, Daza-Arana JE, Jaramillo-Losada J, Riascos-Zuñiga AR, Ordoñez-Mora LT. Effects of a Physical Exercise Program on the Physical Capacities of Older Adults: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:273-282. [PMID: 36851976 PMCID: PMC9960785 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s388052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To measure the effects of an exercise program on the physical capacities of older adults such as strength, flexibility, balance, and aerobic capacity. Patients and Methods This was a quasi-experimental study on a population of 5550 older adults and a sample of 4830 participants in an active aging program designed by the Municipal Health Secretary. The exercise program lasted 12 months, and pre-and post-program intervention measures were recorded using the senior fitness test. Results Most participants were women (92.4%) and their mean age was 70.7 years (standard deviation, 7.3 years; range, 60-97 years). All areas showed significant differences before and after the program in terms of the participants' physical capabilities (p < 0.05), muscular strength and flexibility had a more significant mean difference and a large effect (>0.80), except for aerobic capacity, which had a small effect. Conclusion The present study revealed that a supervised physical exercise program at the community level has positive effects on the physical capacities of coordination, balance, flexibility, strength, and aerobic capacity, which are essential components for a better functional capacity at this stage of life, with improvements that encompassed the improved self-perception of their health status, a reduction of overweight and obesity. The reinforcement of these programs is recommended, consequently, promoting pre-sport games and sports championships among the elderly population, as a public health strategy.
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Leitão L, Marocolo M, de Souza HLR, Arriel RA, Campos Y, Mazini M, Junior RP, Figueiredo T, Louro H, Pereira A. Three-Month vs. One-Year Detraining Effects after Multicomponent Exercise Program in Hypertensive Older Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052871. [PMID: 35270564 PMCID: PMC8910620 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Chronic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability in older women. Physical exercise training programs promote beneficial effects for health and quality of life. However, exercise interruption periods may be detrimental for the hemodynamic and lipidic profiles of hypertensive older women with dyslipidemia. Methods: Nineteen hypertensive older women with dyslipidemia (exercise group: 67.5 ± 5.4 years, 1.53 ± 3.42 m, 71.84 ± 7.45 kg) performed a supervised multicomponent exercise training program (METP) during nine months, followed by a one-year detraining period (DT), while fourteen hypertensive older women (control group: 66.4 ± 5.2 years, 1.56 ± 3.10 m, 69.38 ± 5.24 kg) with dyslipidemia kept their continued daily routine without exercise. For both groups, hemodynamic and lipidic profiles and functional capacities (FCs) were assessed four times: before and after the METP and after 3 and 12 months of DT (no exercise was carried out). Results: The METP improved hemodynamic and lipidic profiles (p < 0.05), while three months of DT decreased all (p < 0.05) parameters, with the exception of diastolic blood pressure (DBP). One year of DT significantly (p < 0.01) decreased systolic blood pressure (7.85%), DBP (2.29%), resting heart rate (7.95%), blood glucose (19.14%), total cholesterol (10.27%), triglycerides (6.92%) and FC—agility (4.24%), lower- (−12.75%) and upper-body strength (−12.17%), cardiorespiratory capacity (−4.81%) and lower- (−16.16%) and upper-body flexibility (−11.11%). Conclusion: Nine months of the exercise program significantly improved the hemodynamic and lipid profiles as well as the functional capacities of hypertensive older women with dyslipidemia. Although a detraining period is detrimental to these benefits, it seems that the first three months are more prominent in these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Leitão
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Moacir Marocolo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (M.M.); (H.L.R.d.S.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Hiago L. R. de Souza
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (M.M.); (H.L.R.d.S.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Rhai André Arriel
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (M.M.); (H.L.R.d.S.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Yuri Campos
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil;
- Studies Research Group in Neuromuscular Responses, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro Mazini
- Graduate Program in Physical Education—Sudamerica Faculty, Cataguases 36774-552, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo Pace Junior
- Graduate Program of Physical Education of Fasar—Santa Rita Faculty, Conselheiro Lafaiete 36400-000, Brazil;
| | - Teresa Figueiredo
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Hugo Louro
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal;
- Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Pereira
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
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Can Exercise Help Regulate Blood Pressure and Improve Functional Capacity of Older Women with Hypertension against the Deleterious Effects of Physical Inactivity? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179117. [PMID: 34501711 PMCID: PMC8431286 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentarism and inactivity are risk factors for the development of hypertension. Thus, the prevention of the natural process of biological and physiological aging of older women through physical exercise results in higher benefits in preventing cardiovascular diseases and can be a key factor for its treatment. Multicomponent exercise (METP) is a training method that may help older women with hypertension by improving their quality of life and their response to treatment. METHODS Twenty-eight older Caucasian women with hypertension (66.7 ± 5.3 years, 1.59 ± 0.11 m) performed a supervised METP program of nine months followed by three months of detraining (DT), and seventeen older women (68.2 ± 4.7 years, 1.57 ± 0.16 cm) with hypertension maintained their daily routine, without exercise. Blood pressure (BP), resting heart rate, and functional capacity (FC) were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the program, and after three months of DT. RESULTS The ME program improved (p < 0.05) systolic BP (-5.37%), diastolic BP (-5.67%), resting heart rate (-7.8%), agility (9.8%), lower body strength (27.8%), upper body strength (10.0%), and cardiorespiratory capacity (8.6%). BP and FC deteriorated after the DT period (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nine months of multicomponent exercise were sufficient to improve functional capacity and promote benefits in blood pressure, although was not sufficient to allow BP to reach the normal values of older women. The three month DT period without exercise caused the reversal of BP improvements but maintained the functional capacity of older women.
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Courel-Ibáñez J, Buendía-Romero Á, Pallarés JG, García-Conesa S, Martínez-Cava A, Izquierdo M. Impact of Tailored Multicomponent Exercise for Prevent Weakness and Falls on Nursing Home Residents' Functional Capacity. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 23:98-104.e3. [PMID: 34197791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether the benefits of long (24 weeks) and short (4 weeks) training programs persisted after short (6 weeks) and long (14 weeks) periods of inactivity in older adult nursing home residents with sarcopenia. DESIGN Multicenter randomized trial. INTERVENTION The Vivifrail tailored, multicomponent exercise program (http://vivifrail.com) was conducted to individually prescribe exercise for frail older adults, depending on their functional capacity. The training included 4 levels combining strength and power, balance, flexibility, and cardiovascular endurance exercises. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four institutionalized older adults (87.1 ± 7.1 years, 58.3% women) diagnosed with sarcopenia were allocated into 2 groups: the Long Training-Short Detraining (LT-SD) group completed 24 weeks of supervised Vivifrail training followed by 6 weeks of detraining; the Short Training-Long Detraining (ST-LD) group completed 4 weeks of training and 14 weeks of detraining. MEASURES Changes in functional capacity and strength were evaluated at baseline, and after short and long training and detraining periods. RESULTS Benefits after short and long exercise interventions persisted when compared with baseline. Vivifrail training was highly effective in the short term (4 weeks) in increasing functional and strength performance (effect size = 0.32-1.44, P < .044) with the exception of handgrip strength. Continued training during 24 weeks produced 10% to 20% additional improvements (P < .036). Frailty status was reversed in 36% of participants, with 59% achieving high self-autonomy. Detraining resulted in a 10% to 25% loss of strength and functional capacity even after 24 weeks of training (effects size = 0.24-0.92, P < .039). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Intermittent strategies such as 4 weeks of supervised exercise 3 times yearly with no more than 14 weeks of inactivity between exercise periods appears as an efficient solution to the global challenge of maintaining functional capacity and can even reverse frailty in vulnerable institutionalized older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Courel-Ibáñez
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ángel Buendía-Romero
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jesús G Pallarés
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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