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CHENG X, ZHAO C, JIN Z, HU J, ZHANG Z, ZHANG C. Natural products: potential therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:830-845. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Alveolar Bone Damage in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101902. [PMID: 36290625 PMCID: PMC9598833 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) juice is rich in phenolic compounds with high antioxidant capacity. It has been observed that the use of antioxidants may be an additional strategy to nonsurgical periodontal therapy as well as to prevent alveolar bone loss. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of açaí supplementation on experimental periodontitis in rats. Twenty male Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) rats were assigned into control, açaí, experimental periodontitis, and experimental periodontitis with açaí supplementation groups. Periodontitis was induced by placing ligatures around the lower first molars. Animals in the açaí groups received 0.01 mL/g of clarified açaí juice for 14 days by intragastric gavage. At the end of the experimental period, blood was collected to assess the reduced glutathione (GSH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) levels. Moreover, hemimandibles were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for alveolar bone loss and bone quality. Açaí supplementation increased blood total antioxidant capacity and decreased lipid peroxidation. It also reduced alveolar bone loss when compared to the experimental periodontitis group. Moreover, clarified açaí per se modulated the oxidative biochemistry and bone microstructure. Thus, açaí may be considered a viable alternative for managing periodontal oxidative stress and preventing alveolar bone loss.
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Hyaluronic acid-guided assembly of ceria nanozymes as plaque-targeting ROS scavengers for anti-atherosclerotic therapy. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jiao M, Zhang P, Yu X, Sun P, Liu M, Qiao Y, Pan K. Osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand are involved in periodontitis‑promoted vascular calcification. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:512. [PMID: 35813311 PMCID: PMC9260016 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the potential role of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in promoting vascular calcification by periodontitis. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups to establish animal models as follows: the sham group (group C), vascular calcification group (group VDN), periodontitis group (group CP), and test group (group CP+VDN). After eight weeks, all the rats were sacrificed. The periodontal and vascular calcification indices were detected. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to quantify OPG/RANK/RANKL expression in vascular tissue and serum. Protein expression analyses revealed the expression of OPG and RANKL in the vascular tissues of the four groups. The expression of OPG in group C was the highest, which was similar to group CP+VDN, and the expression of OPG in groups CP and VDN were lower. However, the expression of RANKL was inversely correlated with OPG, and the ratio of RANKL/OPG was also higher in groups CP and VDN than that in groups C and CP+VDN. In conclusion, OPG/RANK/RANKL may play an essential role in the promotion of vascular calcification by periodontitis. However, the expression levels of OPG and RANKL were not simply superimposed when periodontitis and vascular calcification co-existed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Pengmei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xinbo Yu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Meiwei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yanya Qiao
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Keqing Pan
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Effect of vitamin C on pregnancy rate and 8-OHdG levels during heat stress in post-partum dairy cattle. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.36.4.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Association between Periodontitis and Carotid Artery Calcification: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3278351. [PMID: 34532500 PMCID: PMC8438587 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3278351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have supported the relationship between periodontitis and carotid artery calcification (CAC), but still uncertain. This systematic review is aimed at evaluating the association between periodontitis and CAC. The search was conducted in four electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library, supplemented by checking references of included articles and related review articles. Eligibility assessment and data extraction were conducted independently. The quality assessment and publication bias analysis were performed. The association between periodontitis and CAC was presented in odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Additional outcomes included the percentage of alveolar bone loss in CAC versus non-CAC. Twelve studies were included, and 10 were performed quantity analysis. Periodontitis with secure definition (OR = 2.02, 95%CI = 1.18 − 3.45) and insecure definition (OR = 10.78, 95%CI = 4.41 − 26.34) was associated with CAC. And a higher average percentage of alveolar bone loss (weighted mean difference = 10.84%; 95%CI = 6.40 − 15.48) was also observed in CAC patients compared to non-CAC patients. No significant publication bias was found. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a significant relationship between periodontitis and CAC.
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Dimitriu T, Bolfa P, Suciu S, Cimpean A, Daradics Z, Catoi C, Armencea G, Baciut G, Bran S, Dinu C, Baciut M. Grape Seed Extract Reduces the Degree of Atherosclerosis in Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Rats - An Experimental Study. J Med Life 2021; 13:580-586. [PMID: 33456610 PMCID: PMC7803317 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2020-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases have been intensely studied in recent years. Oxidative stress is involved in the initiation and both progression of periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Antioxidants can reduce the effects of oxidative stress on inflammatory diseases. Our aim was to measure the effects of a grape seed extract (GSE), rich in antioxidants, on atherosclerosis caused by ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of 10: control group, periodontitis group, and periodontitis group treated with GSE (GSE group). Periodontitis was induced by placing an orthodontic wire around the cervix of the first mandibular molar and keeping it in place for 4 weeks. On days 1, 7 and 28, blood samples were taken to assess oxidative stress and inflammation markers (malondialdehyde and glutathione - MDA, reduced glutathione - GSH, C reactive protein) and lipids. After 4 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and aortas were collected for histopathologic examination. MDA was significantly higher in Periodontitis group compared to the other groups only at day 7. GSH was significantly increased in the Control and GSE groups on days 1 and 7, compared to Periodontitis group and on day 28 higher in GSE vs. Periodontitis groups. C reactive protein was significantly increased in the Periodontitis group on days 1 and 7 compared to both groups. Cholesterol was significantly decreased in the aortas of GSE group at day 28 compared to the Periodontitis group. Oral administration of a grape seed extract reduces the oxidative stress, inflammation and atherosclerosis in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Dimitriu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Pompei Bolfa
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Soimita Suciu
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Cimpean
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zsofia Daradics
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornel Catoi
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Armencea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grigore Baciut
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Bran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Dinu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Baciut
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Toraman A, Arabaci T, Aytekin Z, Albayrak M, Bayir Y. Effects of vitamin C local application on ligature-induced periodontitis in diabetic rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20200444. [PMID: 33263670 PMCID: PMC7695129 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated the effects of local vitamin C treatment on tissue advanced glycation end products (AGE), interleukin (IL)-6, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-8 in tissues; serum C-terminal telopeptide fragments (CTX); and alveolar bone loss (ABL) in rats. Methodology: 35 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided equally into five groups: 1) control (C), 2) experimental periodontitis (P), 3) experimental diabetes (D), 4) experimental diabetes and experimental periodontitis (D + P), and 5) experimental diabetes–experimental periodontitis–locally applied vitamin C (D + P + LvitC). Diabetes was induced in rats with alloxan monohydrate, after which periodontitis was induced by ligature placement in the right mandibular first molar teeth for 11 days. In the treatment group, vitamin C was administered locally three times with two-days interval after ligature removal. The animals were sacrificed, and the samples were analyzed histometrically and immunohistochemically. Results: CTX, 8-OHdG, and AGE values significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to the D + P group. IL-6 and MMP-8 values decreased in the treatment group compared to the D + P group, but this is not significant. ABL was significantly reduced by the local delivery of vitamin C. Conclusion: This study reveals that vitamin C treatment may be beneficial to reduce serum CTX and gingival MMP-8 levels, oxidative stress, inflammation, and AGE accumulation in periodontal tissue. Vitamin C may be an immunomodulator and antioxidant locally applied in the treatment of periodontitis to reduce the adverse effects of diabetes in periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Toraman
- Sağlık Bilimleri University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Taner Arabaci
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Aytekin
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mevlüt Albayrak
- Ataturk University, Health Services Vocational Training School, Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yasin Bayir
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Basic Pharmacy Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Erzurum, Turkey
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Li H, Pan K, Meng Y, Deng J, Zhang P, Song W, Li S. Mutual promotions between periodontitis and vascular calcification by rat animal model. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:810-820. [PMID: 32996601 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND To study the relationship between periodontitis and vascular calcification by establishing rat model of chronic periodontitis and vascular calcification. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups randomly: control group, periodontitis group, vascular calcification group, and compound periodontitis and calcification group. Each group rats accepted the corresponding manages to establish the animal model. Clinical examinations and hematoxylin and eosin staining of periodontal tissue were taken to test the periodontal model; calcium assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of mineral-related factors including osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase, core-binding factor-α1 and bone sialoprotein, hematoxylin and eosin staining and von Kossa staining of vascular tissue were taken to test the vascular calcification model; inflammatory factors including C-reactive protein, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2, and serum lipid in serum were also detected at the same time. RESULTS The rat model was established. Inflammation of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone resorption in compound group and periodontitis group were more obvious than those in control group and vascular calcification group (P < .05). However, the calcium assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralized deposition in vascular calcification group and compound group were higher than those in control group and periodontitis group (P < .05), and compound group were the highest (P < .05); as for serum lipid, the level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in compound group and vascular calcification group were higher than that in control group and periodontitis group (P < .05), and compound group was the highest (P <.05); but the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher in control group and periodontitis group. Inflammatory factors expression in serum were higher in compound group and periodontitis group, while mineral-related factors expression were higher in compoundgroup and vascular calcification group. CONCLUSION There are some mutual promotions between periodontitis and vascular calcification, which might be related to the increasing inflammatory factors, lipids level, and mineral-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixu Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Endodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, TianJin, China
| | - Keqing Pan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Meng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Tianjin Dongli District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Deng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengmei Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Huikang Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbin Song
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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Schenkein HA, Papapanou PN, Genco R, Sanz M. Mechanisms underlying the association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic disease. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83:90-106. [PMID: 32385879 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is central to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, a group of diseases in which arteries become occluded with atheromas that may rupture, leading to different cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. There is a large body of epidemiologic and animal model evidence associating periodontitis with atherosclerotic disease, and many potential mechanisms linking these diseases have been elucidated. This chapter will update knowledge on these mechanisms, which generally fall into 2 categories: microbial invasion and infection of atheromas; and inflammatory and immunologic. With respect to the invasion and infection of atheromas, it is well established that organisms from the subgingival biofilm can enter the circulation and lodge in most distant tissues. Bacteremias resulting from oral interventions, and even oral hygiene activities, are well documented. More recently, indirect routes of entry of oral organisms (via phagocytes or dendritic cells) have been described for many oral organisms, into many tissues. Such organisms include the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Intracellular survival of these organisms with dissemination to distant sites (The Trojan Horse approach) has been described. Their relative contribution to atheroma formation and progression has been studied mainly in experimental research, with results demonstrating that these organisms can invade endothelial cells and phagocytic cells within the atheroma, leading to pathogenic changes and progression of the atheroma lesion. The second category of mechanisms potentially linking periodontitis to atherosclerosis includes the dumping of inflammatory mediators originating from periodontal lesions into the systemic circulation. These inflammatory mediators, such as C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinases, fibrinogen, and other hemostatic factors, would further accelerate atheroma formation and progression, mainly through oxidative stress and inflammatory dysfunction. Moreover, direct effects on lipid oxidation have also been described. In summary, the evidence supports the concept that periodontitis enhances the levels of systemic mediators of inflammation that are risk factors for atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey A Schenkein
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, NewYork, New York, USA
| | - Robert Genco
- Departments of Oral Biology, and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbiome Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Redox injectable gel protects osteoblastic function against oxidative stress and suppresses alveolar bone loss in a rat peri-implantitis model. Acta Biomater 2020; 110:82-94. [PMID: 32348918 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dental implant surgery is a routine treatment in clinical dentistry. However, implant surgery is associated with an increased risk of bacterially induced peri-implantitis and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with no established treatment. We recently designed a new redox injectable gel (RIG) containing nitroxide radicals for the treatment of peri-implantitis. Here, we investigated the antioxidative effect of RIG as a preventive therapy for ROS-associated peri-implantitis in a rat model of alveolar bone resorption and in vitro. In each rat, the maxillary first molar tooth was replaced with a screw-type implant, and rats were assigned to one of four groups: an implant alone, an implant with infection, implant with infection and treatment with nRIG (a non-nitroxide radical-containing injectable hydrogel) or RIG. We confirmed the long-term retention of RIG in the peri-implant region and found that RIG significantly protected the alveolar bone volume and decreased lipid peroxidation. In culture, we found that RIG restored osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, using a malondialdehyde assay of lipid peroxidation, we found that RIG suppressed oxidative stress in H2O2-treated rat osteoblasts. Overall, RIG is anticipated as a prophylactic treatment for peri-implantitis and may help preserve oral function. Statement of Significance 1. Implant surgery is associated with an increased risk of bacterially induced peri-implantitis and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We designed a novel redox injectable gel (RIG) containing nitroxide radicals for the treatment of peri-implantitis. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative effect of RIG as a preventive therapy for ROS-associated peri-implantitis in a rat model and in vitro. 2. We showed that treatment with RIG reduces oxidative damage in a rat peri-implantitis model, protecting against bone resorption and a loss of bone density. We showed that RIG inhibits H2O2-mediated decreases in proliferation, osteoblast differentiation, and mineralization, and also against lipid peroxidation in vitro. Our results indicate that RIG has an antioxidative effect of peri-implantitis.
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Isola G, Polizzi A, Muraglie S, Leonardi R, Lo Giudice A. Assessment of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Profiles in Saliva and Serum in Patients with Periodontitis and Ischemic Heart Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2956. [PMID: 31817129 PMCID: PMC6950653 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C and antioxidants play a crucial role in endothelial function and may be a link for the known interaction of periodontitis and ischemic heart disease (CAD). This pilot study evaluates the association of gingival health, periodontitis, CAD, or both conditions with salivary and serum vitamin C and antioxidant levels. The clinical and periodontal characteristics, serum, and saliva samples were collected from 36 patients with periodontitis, 35 patients with CAD, 36 patients with periodontitis plus CAD, and 36 healthy controls. Levels of vitamin C, antioxidants, and C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed with a commercially available kit. The median concentrations of salivary and serum vitamin C and antioxidants (α-tocopherol, β-carotene, lutein, and lycopene) were significantly lower in the CAD group (p < 0.001) and in the periodontitis plus CAD group (p < 0.001) compared to periodontitis patients and controls. In univariate models, periodontitis (p = 0.034), CAD (p < 0.001), and hs-CRP (p < 0.001) were significantly negatively associated with serum vitamin C; whereas, in a multivariate model, only hs-CRP remained a significant predictor of serum vitamin C (p < 0.001). In a multivariate model, the significant predictors of salivary vitamin C levels were triglycerides (p = 0.028) and hs-CRP (p < 0.001). Patients with CAD and periodontitis plus CAD presented lower levels of salivary and serum vitamin C compared to healthy subjects and periodontitis patients. hs-CRP was a significant predictor of decreased salivary and serum vitamin C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy (S.M.); (R.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy (S.M.); (R.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Simone Muraglie
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy (S.M.); (R.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Rosalia Leonardi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy (S.M.); (R.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy (S.M.); (R.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Saglam E, Canakci CF, Sebin SO, Saruhan N, Ingec M, Canakci H, Sezer U. Evaluation of oxidative status in patients with chronic periodontitis and polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross-sectional study. J Periodontol 2019; 89:76-84. [PMID: 28844187 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), chronic periodontitis (CP) contributed to increased oxidative stress (OS), owing to an increase in serum and salivary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a decrease in serum total antioxidant status (TAS) levels. The aim of the present study is to investigate salivary and serum 8-OHdG and MDA levels as well as total antioxidant status (TAS) in females with CP and PCOS compared with healthy females. METHODS Four groups, each consisting of 22 individuals, were: 1) women with both PCOS and CP (PCOSCP); 2) systemically healthy women with CP; 3) periodontally healthy women with PCOS (PCOSPH); and 4) periodontally and systemically healthy women (PH). Demographic and clinical periodontal parameters were measured. Oxidative parameters were evaluated in serum and salivary samples. RESULTS Salivary 8-OHdG levels in the PCOSCP and CP groups were statistically higher than those in both the PCOSPH and the PH groups (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the PCOSCP, CP, and PCOSPH groups with regard to salivary MDA and TAS levels (P > 0.05). Highest serum 8-OHdG and MDA levels and lowest serum TAS levels were seen in the PCOSCP group (P < 0.05). Serum 8-OHdG and MDA levels in the PCOSPH group were higher than those in both systemically healthy groups (PH and CP) (P < 0.05). Salivary TAS levels were highest (P < 0.05) in the PH group. There was no statistical difference between the CP and PCOSPH groups, but serum TAS levels were lower than those in the PH group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CP, which led to an increase in serum and salivary 8-OHdG and MDA levels and a decrease in serum TAS levels in patients with PCOS, contributed to increased OS. This effect was more prominent in serum levels than in salivary levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Saglam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cenk Fatih Canakci
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saime Ozbek Sebin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Saruhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Metin Ingec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University
| | - Hümeyra Canakci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buhara Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Sezer
- Periodontology, Private Practice, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tóthová L, Celec P. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Periodontitis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1055. [PMID: 29311982 PMCID: PMC5735291 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. However, large interventional studies with antioxidants failed to show benefits in the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, or diabetes mellitus. Numerous clinical studies have confirmed the association of oxidative stress markers and periodontitis. Technical and biological variability is high for most of the analyzed markers and none of them seems to be optimal for routine clinical use. In a research setting, analysis of a palette of oxidative stress markers is needed to cover lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and the antioxidant status. The source of reactive oxygen species and their role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis remains unclear. Interventional experiments indicate that oxidative stress might be more than just a simple consequence of the inflammation. Small studies have confirmed that some antioxidants could have therapeutic value at least as an addition to the standard non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. A clear evidence for the efficiency of antioxidant treatment in large patient cohorts is lacking. Potentially, because lowering of oxidative stress markers might be a secondary effect of anti-inflammatory or antibacterial agents. As the field of research of oxidative stress in periodontitis gains attraction and the number of relevant published papers is increasing a systematic overview of the conducted observational and interventional studies is needed. This review summarizes the currently available literature linking oxidative stress and periodontitis and points toward the potential of adjuvant antioxidant treatment, especially in cases where standard treatment fails to improve the periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- L'ubomíra Tóthová
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Yamamoto Y, Saito T, Feng GG, Li J, Yasuda Y, Kazaoka Y, Fujiwara Y, Kinoshita H. Intermittent local periodontal inflammation causes endothelial dysfunction of the systemic artery via increased levels of hydrogen peroxide concomitantly with overexpression of superoxide dismutase. Int J Cardiol 2016; 222:901-907. [PMID: 27526356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to examine whether the intermittent local periodontal inflammation induces endothelial dysfunction of the systemic artery caused by oxidative stress and if increased levels of hydrogen peroxide coexisted with overexpression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as NADPH oxidase contribute to the oxidative stress. METHODS The rats in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) group received 1500μg LPS injection to bilateral gingiva of the lower jaw a week interval from eight- to eleven-week-old. Isolated mandibles or aortas were subjected to the evaluation of histopathological changes, isometric force recordings, reactive oxygen species using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (10(-5)mol/L) and protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunits and SOD, respectively. RESULTS Mandible sections demonstrated the periodontal inflammation only in the LPS group at three days, but not seven days, after the LSP injection. Acetylcholine (10(-9) to 10(-5)mol/L)-induced relaxation was reduced only in aortas from the LPS group. Gp91ds-tat and PEG-catalase restored the impaired dilation in arteries from the LPS group. Levels of reactive oxygen species were enhanced in aortas from the LPS group, whereas the increment was abolished by the treatment with gp91-ds-tat or PEG-catalase. Expression of a NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox and CuZn-SOD increased in the LPS group. CONCLUSIONS The intermittent local periodontal inflammation induces systemic endothelial dysfunction caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species in the systemic artery of rats and that overexpression of CuZn-SOD as well as a NADPH oxidase cytosolic subunit contributes to increased levels of hydrogen peroxide in blood vessels of this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takumi Saito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Guo-Gang Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jiazheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Yasuda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kazaoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fujiwara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
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Lima AF, Marques MR, Soares DG, Hebling J, Marchi GM, de Souza Costa CA. Antioxidant therapy enhances pulpal healing in bleached teeth. Restor Dent Endod 2016; 41:44-54. [PMID: 26877990 PMCID: PMC4751206 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2016.41.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histopathological effects of an antioxidant therapy on the pulp tissue of rat teeth exposed to a bleaching gel with 35% hydrogen peroxide. Materials and Methods Forty rats were subjected to oral ingestion by gavage of distilled water (DW) or ascorbic acid (AA) 90 min before the bleaching therapy. For the bleaching treatment, the agent was applied twice for 5 min each to buccal surfaces of the first right mandibular molars. Then, the animals were sacrificed at 6 hr, 24 hr, 3 day, or 7 day post-bleaching, and the teeth were processed for microscopic evaluation of the pulp tissue. Results At 6 hr, the pulp tissue showed moderate inflammatory reactions in all teeth of both groups. In the DW and AA groups, 100% and 80% of teeth exhibited pulp tissue with significant necrosis and intense tissue disorganization, respectively. At 24 hr, the AA-treated group demonstrated a greater regenerative capability than the DW group, with less intense inflammatory reaction and new odontoblast layer formation in 60% of the teeth. For up to the 7 day period, the areas of pulpal necrosis were replaced by viable connective tissue, and the dentin was underlined by differentiated odontoblast-like cells in most teeth of both groups. Conclusions A slight reduction in initial pulpal damage during post-bleaching was promoted by AA therapy. However, the pulp tissue of AA-treated animals featured faster regenerative potential over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Fonseca Lima
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rocha Marques
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Giselle Maria Marchi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Saita M, Kaneko J, Sato T, Takahashi SS, Wada-Takahashi S, Kawamata R, Sakurai T, Lee MCI, Hamada N, Kimoto K, Nagasaki Y. Novel antioxidative nanotherapeutics in a rat periodontitis model: Reactive oxygen species scavenging by redox injectable gel suppresses alveolar bone resorption. Biomaterials 2016; 76:292-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Arun MZ, Üstünes L, Sevin G, Özer E. Effects of vitamin C treatment on collar-induced intimal thickening. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 9:6461-73. [PMID: 26719672 PMCID: PMC4687616 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s97020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin C has efficient antioxidant properties and is involved in important physiological processes such as collagen synthesis. As such, vitamin C deficiency leads to serious complications, including vascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C treatment on collar-induced intimal thickening. Rabbits were fed a normocholesterolemic diet and a non-occlusive silicon collar was placed around the left carotid artery for 3, 7, and 14 days. The rabbits were treated with or without vitamin C (150 mg/kg/day). Collar-induced intimal thickening became apparent at day 7. The effect of the collar on intimal thickening was more prominent at day 14. Vitamin C treatment significantly inhibited collar-induced intimal thickening at day 14. The placement of the collar around the carotid artery decreased maximum contractile responses against contractile agents (KCl, phenylephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine). The effect of the collar on contractile responses was enhanced as days elapsed. Decreased contractile responses of collared carotid arteries normalized at day 14 in the vitamin C treatment group. Vitamin C treatment also restored sensitivity to phenylephrine. The collar also significantly decreased acetylcholine-induced relaxations at day 3 and day 7. Acetylcholine-induced relaxations normalized in collared-arteries in the placebo group at day 14. Vitamin C treatment significantly increased acetylcholine-induced relaxations of both normal and collared carotid arteries at day 14. MMP-9 expression increased in collared arteries at day 3 and day 7 but did not change at day 14. MMP-2 expression increased in collared arteries at day 14. However, vitamin C treatment reduced collar-stimulated expression of MMP-2 at day 14. These findings indicate that vitamin C may have potentially beneficial effects on the early stages of atherosclerosis. Furthermore these results, for the first time, may indicate that vitamin C can also normalize decreased contractile response through perivascular collar placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Zuhuri Arun
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Levent Üstünes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Sevin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erdener Özer
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
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Lee MCI. [Oxidative stress and periodontal disease--periodontal disease as a life-related disease and vascular disease]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2014; 144:281-286. [PMID: 25492364 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.144.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Gurav AN. The implication of periodontitis in vascular endothelial dysfunction. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:1000-9. [PMID: 25104241 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is the most common oral infection seen in humans worldwide. It is characterized by gradual destruction of tooth supporting tissues, eventually leading to loss of tooth. The periodontal biofilm associated with periodontitis comprises of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, instrumental for the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Evidence-based literature has identified the nature of periodontal infection as a possible causative condition in the inducement of 'low-grade systemic inflammation and infection'. The periodontal pathogens exert systemic effects via the haematogenous route. AIM The present review provides an insight into the pathophysiology of the endothelial dysfunction with reference to periodontal infection and highlights the association between periodontitis and endothelial dysfunction. Various studies addressing the implication of periodontitis on endothelial dysfunction will be described, with a focus of periodontal treatment on improvement of endothelial function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies examining the effects of periodontitis on vascular endothelial function were segregated. Studies conducted on both animal and human models were identified using MEDLINE database search with key search terms such as 'Periodontitis', 'vascular endothelium', 'endothelial dysfunction', 'periodontal bacteria' and 'periodontal therapy'. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis were also screened. Only studies published in English language were considered. The review has been prepared by screening MEDLINE database from 1989 to 2012. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Chronic periodontitis results in altered vascular response, increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules inducing vascular endothelial dysfunction. Periodontal therapy may ameliorate the perturbed vascular endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit N Gurav
- Department of Periodontics, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College & Research Centre, Kolhapur, India
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Ekuni D, Yoneda T, Endo Y, Kasuyama K, Irie K, Mizutani S, Azuma T, Tomofuji T, Morita M. Occlusal disharmony accelerates the initiation of atherosclerosis in apoE knockout rats. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:144. [PMID: 25189624 PMCID: PMC4174667 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychosocial stress is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis. As occlusal disharmony induces psychological stress, we hypothesized that psychological stress by occlusal disharmony accelerates atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of occlusal disharmony on the initiation of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout rats. Methods Fourteen male apoE-knockout rats (age; 8 weeks) (Sprague–Dawley strain background) were divided into two groups of seven rats: the occlusal disharmony group and the no treatment (control) group. In the occlusal disharmony group, the maxillary molar cusps were cut off for the 8-week experimental period. Results In the occlusal disharmony group, the percentages of the area of total aortic lumen occupied by plaques and lipid were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05, t-test). The occlusal disharmony group also showed significantly higher serum levels of very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), plasma levels of corticosterone (1.9, 1.3 and 1.3 times, respectively), higher aortic protein expression levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) (1.5 and 1.4 times, respectively), and higher aortic gene expression of levels of VCAM1 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (1.9 and 4.3 times, respectively), as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in serum levels of oxidized LDL, reactive oxygen metabolites and C-reactive protein between the two groups. Conclusion In apoE knockout rats, occlusal disharmony may induce VCAM1, ICAM1 and TLR4 expression and accelerate the initiation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Irie K, Ekuni D, Tomofuji T, Morita M. Periodontitis and Liver Diseases. STUDIES ON PERIODONTAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9557-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tveden-Nyborg P, Lykkesfeldt J. Does vitamin C deficiency increase lifestyle-associated vascular disease progression? Evidence based on experimental and clinical studies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:2084-104. [PMID: 23642093 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Despite continuous advances in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), critical issues associated with an unhealthy lifestyle remain an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. RECENT ADVANCES A growing body of literature supports a specific role for vitamin C in a number of reactions that are associated with vascular function and control including, for example, nitric oxide bioavailability, lipid metabolism, and vascular integrity. CRITICAL ISSUES A large body of epidemiological evidence supports a relationship between poor vitamin C status and increased risk of developing CVD, and the prevalence of deficiency continues to be around 10%-20% of the general Western population although this problem could easily and cheaply be solved by supplementation. However, large intervention studies using vitamin C have not found a beneficial effect of supplementation. This review outlines the proposed mechanism by which vitamin C deficiency worsens CVD progression. In addition, it discusses problems with the currently available literature, including the discrepancies between the large intervention studies and the experimental and epidemiological literature. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Increased insights into vitamin C deficiency-mediated CVD progression will enable the design of future randomized controlled trials that are better suited to test the efficacy of vitamin C in disease prevention as well as the identification of high-risk individuals which could possibly benefit from supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg, Denmark
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In-vivo effect of andrographolide on alveolar bone resorption induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis and its relation with antioxidant enzymes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:276329. [PMID: 24151590 PMCID: PMC3787561 DOI: 10.1155/2013/276329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar bone resorption is one of the most important facts in denture construction. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) causes alveolar bone resorption, and morphologic measurements are the most frequent methods to identify bone resorption in periodontal studies. This study has aimed at evaluating the effect of Andrographolide (AND) on alveolar bone resorption in rats induced by Pg. 24 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups as follows: normal control group and three experimental groups challenged orally with Pg ATCC 33277 five times a week supplemented with 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of AND for twelve weeks. Alveolar bones of the left and right sides of the mandible were assessed by a morphometric method. The bone level, that is, the distance from the alveolar bone crest to cementumenamel junction (CEJ), was measured using 6.1 : 1 zoom stereomicroscope and software. AND reduced the effect of Pg on alveolar bone resorption and decreased the serum levels of Hexanoyl-Lysine (HEL); furthermore the reduced glutathione/oxidised glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio in AND treated groups (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly increased when compared with the Pg group (P < 0.05). We can conclude that AND suppresses alveolar bone resorption caused by Pg in rats.
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Cho AR, Kim JH, Lee DE, Lee JS, Jung UW, Bak EJ, Yoo YJ, Chung WG, Choi SH. The effect of orally administered epigallocatechin-3-gallate on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. J Periodontal Res 2013; 48:781-9. [PMID: 23581513 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is known for its beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. Recently, reports have suggested that EGCG plays a pivotal role in regulating cytokine expression and osteoclastic activity. In the present study, we investigated whether orally administered EGCG has a therapeutic effect on ligature-induced periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with EGCG or phosphate-buffered saline. Periodontitis was induced by tying a ligature for 7 d. After removing ligation, EGCG (200 mg/kg) or phosphate-buffered saline was administered via oral gavage on a daily basis. Rats were killed after 1, 2 and 4 wk of administration. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining and immunohistochemistry were carried out. RESULTS In the control group, bone loss did not recover even after the causative factor of periodontitis was eliminated. On the other hand, distance from cemento-enamel junction to alveolar bone crest, long junctional epithelium and collagen destruction were reduced in the EGCG group. Decreased interleukin (IL)-6 expression was shown from the early stage of EGCG administration, followed by reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) expression at week 4 EGCG group. The CT area showed a higher decrease of IL-6 expression between the control and EGCG group than alveolar bone area. Downregulation of TNF and IL-6 expression led to a decrease in osteoclast number and activity, which resulted in reduced bone loss. CONCLUSIONS Systemic administration of EGCG could have a therapeutic effect on damaged periodontal tissue. Inhibited cytokine expression, including TNF and IL-6 is responsible for the reduction in osteoclast formation, osteoclastic activity and collagen destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-R Cho
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Brito LCW, DalBó S, Striechen TM, Farias JM, Olchanheski LR, Mendes RT, Vellosa JCR, Fávero GM, Sordi R, Assreuy J, Santos FA, Fernandes D. Experimental periodontitis promotes transient vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1187-98. [PMID: 23583017 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the systemic inflammatory response and cardiovascular changes induced by experimental periodontitis in rats. DESIGN Experimental periodontitis was induced by placing a cotton ligature around the cervix of both sides of mandibular first molars and maxillary second molars in each male rat. Sham-operated rats had the ligature removed immediately after the procedure. Seven, 14 or 28 days after procedure, the effects of acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine were evaluated on blood pressure, aortic rings and isolated and perfused mesenteric bed. The blood was obtained for plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid evaluation. The mesenteric vessels were obtained to evaluate superoxide production and nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS-3) expression. RESULTS Ligature induced periodontitis reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction. This effect was associated with an increase in systemic inflammatory markers (IL-6 and CRP), worsens on lipid profile, increased vascular superoxide production and reduced NOS-3 expression. It is interesting to note that many of these effects were transitory. CONCLUSION Periodontitis induced a transient systemic and vascular inflammation which leads to endothelial dysfunction, an initial step for cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the animal model of periodontitis used here may represent a valuable tool for studying the relationship between periodontitis and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena C W Brito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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Choe Y, Yu JY, Son YO, Park SM, Kim JG, Shi X, Lee JC. Continuously generated H2O2 stimulates the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1426-36. [PMID: 22173791 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) inhibits proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in bone-like cells. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLF) are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts and are exposed to oxidative stress during periodontal inflammation. However, the cellular responses of PLF to H(2)O(2) have not been identified. In this study, we examined how H(2)O(2) affects the viability and proliferation of PLF by exposing the cells to glucose oxidase (GO) or direct addition of H(2)O(2). We also explored the effects of GO on the osteoblastic differentiation of PLF and the mechanisms involved. The viability and proliferation in PLF were increased with the addition of 10 mU/ml GO but not by volumes greater than 15 mU/ml or by H(2)O(2) itself. GO-stimulated DNA synthesis was correlated with the increase in cyclin E protein levels in the cells. Osteoblastic differentiation of PLF was also augmented by combined treatment with GO, as evidenced by the increases in alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, collagen synthesis, and osteocalcin content in the cells. The inductions of runt-related transcription factor 2 and osterix mRNA and proteins were further increased in PLF incubated in combination with GO compared to those in untreated cells. These results demonstrate that the continuous presence of H(2)O(2) stimulates the proliferation of PLF and augments their potential to differentiate into osteoblasts through the up-regulation of bone-specific transcription factors. Collectively, we suggest that H(2)O(2) may elicit the functions of PLF in maintaining the dimensions of the periodontal ligament and in mediating a balanced metabolism in alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngji Choe
- Institute of Oral Biosciences (BK21 Program) and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
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Ekuni D, Tomofuji T, Endo Y, Kasuyama K, Irie K, Azuma T, Tamaki N, Mizutani S, Kojima A, Morita M. Hydrogen-rich water prevents lipid deposition in the descending aorta in a rat periodontitis model. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1615-22. [PMID: 22607937 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis has been causally linked to atherosclerosis, which is mediated by the oxidative stress. As hydrogen-rich water (HW) scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesized that HW could prevent lipid deposition induced by periodontitis in the aorta. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HW on the initiation of atherosclerosis in a rat periodontitis model. DESIGN Eighteen 8-wk-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of six rats; the periodontitis group, periodontitis+HW group and the no treatment (control) group. In the periodontitis and periodontitis+HW groups, periodontitis was induced using a ligature for 4 wk, while the periodontitis+HW group was given water containing 800-1000 μg/L hydrogen during the 4-wk experimental period. RESULTS In the periodontitis group, lipid deposition in the descending aorta was observed. The periodontitis group also showed significant higher serum levels for ROS and oxidised low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (ox-LDL) (1.7 and 1.4 times, respectively), and higher aortic expression levels of nitrotyrosine and hexanoyl-lysine (HEL) (7.9 and 16.0 times, respectively), as compared to the control group (p<0.05). In the periodontitis+HW group, lipid deposition was lower. Lower serum levels of ROS and ox-LDL (0.46 and 0.82 times, respectively) and lower aortic levels of nitrotyrosine and HEL (0.27 and 0.19 times, respectively) were observed in the periodontitis+HW group than in the periodontitis group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS HW intake may prevent lipid deposition in the rat aorta induced by periodontitis by decreasing serum ox-LDL levels and aortic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Japan
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Yu JY, Lee SY, Son YO, Shi X, Park SS, Lee JC. Continuous presence of H₂O₂ induces mitochondrial-mediated, MAPK- and caspase-independent growth inhibition and cytotoxicity in human gingival fibroblasts. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:561-70. [PMID: 22313676 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The continuous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the most important events that occur during periodontal inflammation. Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is widely used in dental clinics. Many investigators have tried to elucidate the exact effect of H(2)O(2) on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). These studies have shown that H(2)O(2) induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in cells. However, the mechanisms involved in H(2)O(2)-induced cell death in HGFs are not completely understood. In this study, we examine how continuously generated H(2)O(2) affects the viability and proliferation of HGFs using glucose oxidase (GO). We also explored the mechanisms by which the continuous presence of H(2)O(2) induces cell death. GO treatment not only inhibited HGF growth and proliferation, but it also induced cell death in HGFs without typical apoptotic features such as nuclear DNA laddering. This GO-mediated cytotoxicity was proportional to the levels of intracellular ROS that were generated, rather than proportional to changes of cellular antioxidant activities. GO treatment also resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the relocation of mitochondrial apoptogenic factors. There was also an acute and severe depletion of cellular ATP levels. However, none of the pharmacological inhibitors specific for mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) or pancaspase prevented GO-induced cell death. Treatment with either catalase or acteoside significantly attenuated the GO-mediated cytotoxicity in the HGFs, thereby suggesting a protective effect of antioxidants against ROS-mediated gingival damage. Here we demonstrate that continuously generated H(2)O(2) not only inhibits the viability and proliferation of HGFs, but also causes pyknotic/necrotic cell death through mitochondrial stress-mediated, MAPK- and caspase-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Yu
- Institute of Oral Biosciences (BK21 Program) and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
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Tsioufis C, Kasiakogias A, Thomopoulos C, Stefanadis C. Periodontitis and blood pressure: the concept of dental hypertension. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:1-9. [PMID: 21640351 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is a common inflammatory disorder that is being contemplated as a risk factor for atherosclerotic complications. Current epidemiological evidence also supports its potential association with increases in blood pressure levels and hypertension prevalence. Furthermore, data from cross-sectional studies suggest that in hypertensive subjects periodontitis may enhance the risk and degree of target organ damage. A possible pathogenetic background of an effect of periodontitis on blood pressure should include the systemic generalization of the local oral inflammation, the role of the host immune response, the direct microbial effect on the vascular system and alterations in endothelial function. Inversely, the concept of hypertension unfavorably affecting periodontal tissues cannot be excluded. The two conditions share multiple common risk factors that should be readily controlled for when assessing a possible association. Thoroughly designed prospective and interventional trials are needed in order to determine the impact of periodontitis on blood pressure regulation and incident hypertension and its integration in the clinical approach of both dental and hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas Tsioufis
- First Cardiology Clinic, University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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31
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Van der Velden U, Kuzmanova D, Chapple ILC. Micronutritional approaches to periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 Suppl 11:142-58. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Liberman DN, Pilau RM, Gaio EJ, Orlandini LF, Rösing CK. Low concentration alcohol intake may inhibit spontaneous alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:109-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Irie K, Azuma T, Tamaki N, Maruyama T, Yamamoto T, Watanabe T, Morita M. Relationships between periodontal inflammation, lipid peroxide and oxidative damage of multiple organs in rats. Biomed Res 2011; 32:343-9. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.32.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kebschull M, Demmer RT, Papapanou PN. "Gum bug, leave my heart alone!"--epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence linking periodontal infections and atherosclerosis. J Dent Res 2010; 89:879-902. [PMID: 20639510 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510375281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from epidemiologic studies suggests that periodontal infections are independently associated with subclinical and clinical atherosclerotic vascular disease. Although the strength of the reported associations is modest, the consistency of the data across diverse populations and a variety of exposure and outcome variables suggests that the findings are not spurious or attributable only to the effects of confounders. Analysis of limited data from interventional studies suggests that periodontal treatment generally results in favorable effects on subclinical markers of atherosclerosis, although such analysis also indicates considerable heterogeneity in responses. Experimental mechanistic in vitro and in vivo studies have established the plausibility of a link between periodontal infections and atherogenesis, and have identified biological pathways by which these effects may be mediated. However, the utilized models are mostly mono-infections of host cells by a limited number of 'model' periodontal pathogens, and therefore may not adequately portray human periodontitis as a polymicrobial, biofilm-mediated disease. Future research must identify in vivo pathways in humans that may (i) lead to periodontitis-induced atherogenesis, or (ii) result in treatment-induced reduction of atherosclerosis risk. Data from these studies will be essential for determining whether periodontal interventions have a role in the primary or secondary prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kebschull
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, 630 W 168th Street, PH-7-E-110, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Kato Y, Osawa T. Detection of lipid-lysine amide-type adduct as a marker of PUFA oxidation and its applications. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 501:182-7. [PMID: 20558129 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Research into lipid peroxidation-induced protein modification has been ongoing for many years. Recent studies on lipo-oxidation shows the occurrence of another type of protein modification, amide-type adduct formation by lipid hydroperoxide, as well as classical aldehyde-derived protein modifications. The amide-type modifications can be either classified as alkylamide and carboxyalkylamide according to the formed structures. As an alkylamide-type adduct, Nepsilon-(hexanoyl)lysine can be formed by the reaction of peroxidized n-6 fatty acid with lysine. Nepsilon-(propanoyl)lysine is considered to be generated from oxidation of n-3 fatty acid with lysine. The generation pattern of both might be useful for classification of which fatty acids are more involved in oxidation in vivo. Since the alkylamide type-adducts are relatively stable and detectable from biological specimens like urine, these adducts, especially Nepsilon-(hexanoyl)lysine, are used as reliable markers for not only oxidative stress evaluation but also development of functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kato
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Himeji 670-0092, Japan.
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36
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Griffiths R, Barbour S. Lipoproteins and lipoprotein metabolism in periodontal disease. CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY 2010; 5:397-411. [PMID: 20835400 PMCID: PMC2933935 DOI: 10.2217/clp.10.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that the incidence of atherosclerosis is increased in subjects with periodontitis - a chronic infection of the oral cavity. This article summarizes the evidence that suggests periodontitis shifts the lipoprotein profile to be more proatherogenic. LDL-C is elevated in periodontitis and most studies indicate that triglyceride levels are also increased. By contrast, antiatherogenic HDL tends to be low in periodontitis. Periodontal therapy tends to shift lipoprotein levels to a healthier profile and also reduces subclinical indices of atherosclerosis. In summary, periodontal disease alters lipoprotein metabolism in ways that could promote atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Griffiths
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980614, Richmond, VA 23298-0614, USA
| | - Suzanne Barbour
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980614, Richmond, VA 23298-0614, USA
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Ekuni D, Tomofuji T, Irie K, Kasuyama K, Umakoshi M, Azuma T, Tamaki N, Sanbe T, Endo Y, Yamamoto T, Nishida T, Morita M. Effects of periodontitis on aortic insulin resistance in an obese rat model. J Transl Med 2010; 90:348-59. [PMID: 20065945 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2009.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of obesity and its associated risk factors, such as insulin resistance and inflammation, results in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the effects of periodontitis on atherosclerosis in an obese body remain unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of ligature-induced periodontitis in Zucker fatty rats on initiation of atherosclerosis by evaluating aortic insulin resistance. Zucker fatty rats (n=24) were divided into two groups. In the periodontitis group, periodontitis was ligature-induced for 4 weeks, whereas the control group was left unligated. After the 4-week experimental period, descending aorta was used for measuring the levels of lipid deposits, immunohistochemical analysis, and evaluation of gene expression. Levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and insulin were also measured. Rats in the periodontitis group had significantly enhanced lipid deposits in the aorta, but not in the control group. Expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, reactive oxygen species, nitrotyrosine, and endothelin-1 in the periodontitis group was more intense than that in the control group. Significantly decreased levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pi3k) catalytic beta-polypeptide (Pi3kcb), Pi3kp85, and insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 were observed in the periodontitis group. Levels of serum CRP and TNF-alpha were significantly increased in the periodontitis group. Under insulin-stimulated conditions, aorta in the periodontitis group altered the Akt phosphorylation. Periodontitis in obesity induced the initial stage of atherosclerosis and disturbed aortic insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Ekuni D, Endo Y, Irie K, Azuma T, Tamaki N, Tomofuji T, Morita M. Imbalance of oxidative/anti-oxidative status induced by periodontitis is involved in apoptosis of rat submandibular glands. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:170-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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