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Al-Abdulla N, Bakhsh A, Mannocci F, Proctor G, Moyes D, Niazi SA. Successful endodontic treatment reduces serum levels of cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers-high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and matrix metalloprotease-2. Int Endod J 2023; 56:1499-1516. [PMID: 37787168 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate serum biomarkers of inflammation 2 years following non-surgical root canal re-treatment (Re-RCT) and peri-apical surgery (PS). The results were correlated with signs and symptoms, treatment outcome, metabolic syndrome factors, infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection and COVID-19 vaccination. METHODOLOGY Subjects from our previous study were recalled for 2 years post-treatment follow-up. Changes to the patient's history (medical, dental, social) were noted. Periapical health of the treated teeth was examined both clinically and radiographically. Blood pressure, fasting HbA1C and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides and total cholesterol (TC) levels were measured. Serum inflammatory marker levels were assayed using a Bio-Rad Bio-Plex 200 analyser and values at different time points within the same group were compared using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test and differences between groups with a Mann-Whitney test. Linear associations were tested using Pearson's correlations. RESULTS The recall percentage at 2 years was 56.9% (n = 37), with a 100% radiographic success rate using periapical radiographs. In total, 21 cases (56.8%) were completely healed, and 16 cases (43.2%) were healing. Higher matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2) levels were present in the healing group compared to the healed group. Serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and MMP-2 were significantly reduced (p ≤ .001) whereas other biomarkers showed significant increases at 2 year compared to pre-operative levels, while FGF-23 and ICAM-1 were not significantly increased. HbA1C (p = .015), TC (p = .003), LDL (p = .003) and HDL (p = .003) reduced significantly at 2 years post-treatment compared to their preoperative levels. COVID infection showed a significant association with MMP-9 (p = .048). CONCLUSIONS hs-CRP, ADMA and MMP-2 can be regarded as prognostic biomarkers of successful Re-RCT and PS as they reduced at 2 year recall in cases which showed evidence of clinical and radiographic success. The successful treatment of chronic apical periodontitis is correlated with improvements in metabolic syndrome indicators, better glycemic control, and reduction at 2 year of some systemic inflammatory markers which are related to risks of cardiovascular disease events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Al-Abdulla
- Department of Endodontics, Centre of Oral Clinical & Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Abdulaziz Bakhsh
- Department of Endodontics, Centre of Oral Clinical & Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Francesco Mannocci
- Department of Endodontics, Centre of Oral Clinical & Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gordon Proctor
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David Moyes
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sadia Ambreen Niazi
- Department of Endodontics, Centre of Oral Clinical & Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
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Kondo T, Gleason A, Okawa H, Hokugo A, Nishimura I. Mouse gingival single-cell transcriptomic atlas identified a novel fibroblast subpopulation activated to guide oral barrier immunity in periodontitis. eLife 2023; 12:RP88183. [PMID: 38015204 PMCID: PMC10684155 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, one of the most common non-communicable diseases, is characterized by chronic oral inflammation and uncontrolled tooth supporting alveolar bone resorption. Its underlying mechanism to initiate aberrant oral barrier immunity has yet to be delineated. Here, we report a unique fibroblast subpopulation activated to guide oral inflammation (AG fibroblasts) identified in a single-cell RNA sequencing gingival cell atlas constructed from the mouse periodontitis models. AG fibroblasts localized beneath the gingival epithelium and in the cervical periodontal ligament responded to the ligature placement and to the discrete topical application of Toll-like receptor stimulants to mouse maxillary tissue. The upregulated chemokines and ligands of AG fibroblasts linked to the putative receptors of neutrophils in the early stages of periodontitis. In the established chronic inflammation, neutrophils, together with AG fibroblasts, appeared to induce type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) that were the primary source of interleukin-17 cytokines. The comparative analysis of Rag2-/- and Rag2-/-Il2rg-/- mice suggested that ILC3 contributed to the cervical alveolar bone resorption interfacing the gingival inflammation. We propose the AG fibroblast-neutrophil-ILC3 axis as a previously unrecognized mechanism which could be involved in the complex interplay between oral barrier immune cells contributing to pathological inflammation in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Kondo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesUnited States
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of DentistrySendaiJapan
| | - Annie Gleason
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesUnited States
- UCLA Bruin in Genomics Summer ProgramLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesUnited States
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of DentistrySendaiJapan
| | - Akishige Hokugo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesUnited States
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesUnited States
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesUnited States
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Okić Đorđević I, Kukolj T, Živanović M, Momčilović S, Obradović H, Petrović A, Mojsilović S, Trivanović D, Jauković A. The Role of Doxycycline and IL-17 in Regenerative Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: Implications in Periodontitis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1437. [PMID: 37892119 PMCID: PMC10604178 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a degenerative, bacteria-induced chronic disease of periodontium causing bone resorption and teeth loss. It includes a strong reaction of immune cells through the secretion of proinflammatory factors such as Interleukin-17 (IL-17). PD treatment may consider systemic oral antibiotics application, including doxycycline (Dox), exhibiting antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties along with supportive activity in wound healing, thus affecting alveolar bone metabolism. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether Dox can affect the regenerative potential of periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (PDLSCs) modulated by IL-17 in terms of cell migration, osteogenic potential, bioenergetics and expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2). Our findings indicate that Dox reduces the stimulatory effect of IL-17 on migration and MMP-2 expression in PDLSCs. Furthermore, Dox stimulates osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, annulling the inhibitory effect of IL-17 on PDLSCs osteogenesis. In addition, analyses of mitochondrial respiration reveal that Dox decreases oxygen consumption rate in PDLSCs exposed to IL-17, suggesting that changes in metabolic performance can be involved in Dox-mediated effects on PDLSCs. The pro-regenerative properties of Dox in inflammatory microenvironment candidates Dox in terms of regenerative therapy of PD-affected periodontium are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Okić Đorđević
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kukolj
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Živanović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Momčilović
- Group for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hristina Obradović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anđelija Petrović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Drenka Trivanović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jauković
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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4
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Kondo T, Gleason A, Okawa H, Hokugo A, Nishimura I. Mouse gingival single-cell transcriptomic atlas: An activated fibroblast subpopulation guides oral barrier immunity in periodontitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.13.536751. [PMID: 37546811 PMCID: PMC10401928 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.13.536751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, one of the most common non-communicable diseases, is characterized by chronic oral inflammation and uncontrolled tooth supporting alveolar bone resorption. Its underlying mechanism to initiate aberrant oral barrier immunity has yet to be delineated. Here, we report a unique fibroblast subpopulation activated to guide oral inflammation (AG fibroblasts) identified in a single-cell RNA sequencing gingival cell atlas constructed from the mouse periodontitis models. AG fibroblasts localized beneath the gingival epithelium and in the cervical periodontal ligament responded to the ligature placement and to the discrete application of Toll-like receptor stimulants to mouse maxillary tissue. The upregulated chemokines and ligands of AG fibroblasts linked to the putative receptors of neutrophils in the early stages of periodontitis. In the established chronic inflammation, neutrophils together with AG fibroblasts appeared to induce type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) that were the primary source of interleukin-17 cytokines. The comparative analysis of Rag2-/- and Rag2γc-/- mice suggested that ILC3 contributed to the cervical alveolar bone resorption interfacing the gingival inflammation. We propose that AG fibroblasts function as a previously unrecognized surveillant to initiate gingival inflammation leading to periodontitis through the AG fibroblast-neutrophil-ILC3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Kondo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Annie Gleason
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Bruin in Genomics Summer Program
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akishige Hokugo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Kondo T, Kakinuma H, Fujimura K, Ambo S, Otake K, Sato Y, Egusa H. Incomplete Polymerization of Dual-Cured Resin Cement Due to Attenuated Light through Zirconia Induces Inflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9861. [PMID: 37373008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zirconia restorations are becoming increasingly common. However, zirconia reduces the polymerization of dual-cured resin cement owing to light attenuation, resulting in residual resin monomers. This study investigated the effects of dual-cured resin cement, with incomplete polymerization owing to attenuated light through zirconia, on the inflammatory response in vitro. The dual-cured resin cement (SA Luting Multi, Kuraray) was light-irradiated through zirconia with three thickness diameters (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm). The light transmittance and the degree of conversion (DC) of the resin cement significantly decreased with increasing zirconia thickness. The dual-cured resin cement in 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm zirconia and no-irradiation groups showed significantly higher amounts of hydroxyethylmethacrylate and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate elution and upregulated gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 from human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and TNFα from human monocytic cells, compared with that of the 0 mm group. Dual-cured resin cement with lower DC enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in hGFs and monocytic cells. This study suggests that dual-cured resin cement with incomplete polymerization induces inflammatory responses in hGFs and monocytic cells by intracellular ROS generation and MAP kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Kondo
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Next-Generation Dental Material Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kakinuma
- Department of Next-Generation Dental Material Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kanna Fujimura
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Sara Ambo
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Koki Otake
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yumi Sato
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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6
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Wan CY, Li L, Liu LS, Jiang CM, Zhang HZ, Wang JX. Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases during Apical Periodontitis Development. J Endod 2021; 47:1118-1125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang Z, Yang G, Ren B, Gao Y, Peng X, Li M, H.K.Xu H, Han Q, Li J, Zhou X, Cheng L. Effect of Antibacterial Root Canal Sealer on Persistent Apical Periodontitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060741. [PMID: 34207470 PMCID: PMC8233789 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The infection of Enterococcus faecalis and its interacting microorganisms in the root canal could cause persistent apical periodontitis (AP). Antibacterial root canal sealer has favorable prospects to inhibit biofilms. The purpose of this study was to investigated the antibacterial effect of root canal sealer containing dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) on persistent AP in beagle dogs for the first time. Persistent AP was established by a two-step infection with Enterococcus faecalis and multi-bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Actinomycesnaeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii). Root canal sealer containing DMADDM (0%, 1.25%, 2.5%) was used to complete root canal filling. The volume of lesions and inflammatory grade in the apical area were evaluated by cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Both Enterococcus-faecalis- and multi-bacteria-induced persistent AP caused severe apical destruction, and there were no significant differences in pathogenicity between them. DMADDM-modified sealer significantly reduced the volume of periapical lesion and inflammatory grade compared with the control group, among them, the therapeutic effect of the 2.5% group was better than the 1.25% group. In addition, E.faecalis-induced reinfection was more sensitive to the 2.5% group than multi-bacteria reinfection. This study shows that root canal sealer containing DMADDM had a remarkable therapeutic effect on persistent AP, especially on E. faecalis-induced reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.W.); (G.Y.); (B.R.); (Y.G.); (X.P.); (M.L.); (Q.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Ge Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.W.); (G.Y.); (B.R.); (Y.G.); (X.P.); (M.L.); (Q.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.W.); (G.Y.); (B.R.); (Y.G.); (X.P.); (M.L.); (Q.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.W.); (G.Y.); (B.R.); (Y.G.); (X.P.); (M.L.); (Q.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.W.); (G.Y.); (B.R.); (Y.G.); (X.P.); (M.L.); (Q.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Mingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.W.); (G.Y.); (B.R.); (Y.G.); (X.P.); (M.L.); (Q.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Hockin H.K.Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Qi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.W.); (G.Y.); (B.R.); (Y.G.); (X.P.); (M.L.); (Q.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.W.); (G.Y.); (B.R.); (Y.G.); (X.P.); (M.L.); (Q.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.W.); (G.Y.); (B.R.); (Y.G.); (X.P.); (M.L.); (Q.H.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (L.C.); Tel.: +86-028-8550-1439 (X.Z.); +86-028-8550-1439 (L.C.)
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.W.); (G.Y.); (B.R.); (Y.G.); (X.P.); (M.L.); (Q.H.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (L.C.); Tel.: +86-028-8550-1439 (X.Z.); +86-028-8550-1439 (L.C.)
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Paula-Silva FWG, Arnez MFM, de Campos Chaves Lamarque G, Petille R, Ribeiro-Santos FR, de Sena MF, Nelson-Filho P, da Silva LAB. Osteoclast formation, inflammation, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are downregulated in bone repair following root canal treatment in dogs teeth. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4699-4707. [PMID: 33449195 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory infiltrate, osteoclast formation, and expression of MMP-9 during the healing phase following root canal treatment in teeth with apical periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Apical periodontitis was induced in dogs teeth, and root canal treatment was performed in a single visit or using calcium hydroxide as intracanal medication. One hundred and eighty days following treatment the presence of inflammation was examined, and the tissues were stained to detect osteoclasts by means of a tartrate resistant alkaline phosphatase (TRAP) assay. Synthesis of MMP-9 was detected using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Teeth with apical periodontitis that had root canal therapy performed in a single visit presented a higher synthesis of MMP-9 compared with root canal treatment using calcium hydroxide. Treatment with calcium hydroxide resulted in a reduced amount of inflammatory cells and MMP-9 positive cells. Osteoclast formation, the number of MMP-9 positive osteoclasts and cementocytes, was reduced following root canal treatment, regardless of the root canal treatment protocol used. CONCLUSION Root canal treatment reduced the amount of inflammatory cells and osteoclasts in periapical area. The use of calcium hydroxide as intracanal medication resulted in a lower synthesis of MMP-9, though the number of osteoclasts and MMP-9 positive osteoclasts were similar between the groups. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Periapical bone repair following root canal treatment is impacted by therapy performed either in single visit or using calcium hydroxide dressing measured by inflammatory cell recruitment, osteoclast formation, and MMP-9 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Fernanda Manfrin Arnez
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Petille
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Regina Ribeiro-Santos
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Arco Verde, PE, Brazil
| | - Marina Fernandes de Sena
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Interleukin-17 modulates uPA and MMP2 expression in human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells: Involvement of the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway. ARCH BIOL SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.2298/abs210929048o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic infection of periodontal tissue
characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation due to increased
expression of plasminogen activators and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
and various proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-17.
Successful regeneration of damaged periodontal tissues depends on the proper
functionality of periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (PDLMSCs),
especially the production of extracellular matrix proteases. We investigated
the influence of IL-17 on ECM remodeling through modulation of urokinasetype
plasminogen activator (uPA) and MMP2/MMP9 expression in human PDLMSCs at
mRNA, protein and activity levels using by RT-PCR, Western blotting and
zymography, respectively. Investigation of the involvement of MAPKs in these
processes in PDLMSCs was determined by Western blotting, as well as by
utilizing specific p38 and MEK1/2 inhibitors. Our results show that IL-17
activates MAPK signaling in PDLMSCs. Moreover, IL-17 had no effect on MMP9
expression, but it stimulated uPA and MMP2 gene and protein expression in
PDLMSCs through the activation of the ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway. The
obtained data suggest that IL-17 contributes to ECM degradation in the
periodontal ligament by stimulating uPA and MMP2 expression and activity in
PDLMSCs. This information is important for understanding periodontal disease
development and defining future directions of its treatment.
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Barneze Costa SM, da Silva Feltran G, Namba V, Silva TM, Shetty Hallur RL, Saraiva PP, Zambuzzi WF, Nogueira CR. Infraphysiological 17β-estradiol (E2) concentration compromises osteoblast differentiation through Src stimulation of cell proliferation and ECM remodeling stimulus. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:111027. [PMID: 32911016 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that 17β-estradiol (E2) helps to prevent bone loss. This study was undertaken to verify whether E2 action in human osteoblasts involves changes in the transcriptional profile of the TNF-α, IFN-γ, NF-κB, TRAIL, TGF-β, MMP2, MMP9, RECK, TIMP1, TIMP2, CDK2, CDK4, SRC, RUNX2, and SHH genes. Infraphysiological doses of E2 elevated mRNAs in all genes except for INF-γ, TRAIL, and TGF-β. Importantly, a significant increase in the CDKs -2 and -4 genes was found, which strongly suggests cell cycle progression, with a potential dependency of Src involvement, as well as a suppression of the osteoblast differentiation machinery, with ECM remodeling being involved. These data suggest that E2 plays an important role in bone formation and remodeling, and Src seems to play a pivotal role in driving cell proliferation and ECM remodeling. Taken together, these findings contribute to an understanding of the effects of infraphysiological E2 on modulating bone homeostasis, favoring bone resorption, and leading to osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Maria Barneze Costa
- Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine of Botucatu (FMB), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-970, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Georgia da Silva Feltran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biosciences Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-970, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Vickeline Namba
- Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine of Botucatu (FMB), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-970, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Tabata Marilda Silva
- Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine of Botucatu (FMB), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-970, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Raghavendra Lakshmana Shetty Hallur
- Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine of Botucatu (FMB), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-970, Sao Paulo State, Brazil; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine of Botucatu (FMB), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-970, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pinto Saraiva
- Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine of Botucatu (FMB), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-970, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Willian Fernando Zambuzzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biosciences Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-970, Sao Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Celia Regina Nogueira
- Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine of Botucatu (FMB), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-970, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
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11
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Effect of Subantimicrobial Dose Doxycycline Treatment on Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in Periodontitis Stage 2, Grade B in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:2807259. [PMID: 33294463 PMCID: PMC7700048 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2807259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using subantimicrobial dose doxycycline as an adjunct in periodontitis stage 2, grade B in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of thirty patients were divided into the following two groups with reference to periodontitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and administration of the doxycycline drug: Group I: patients with periodontitis stage 2, grade B and type 2 diabetes mellitus who received SRP only. Group II: patients with periodontitis stage 2, grade B and type 2 diabetes mellitus who received SRP and doxycycline 20 mg. The following clinical measurements were recorded at baseline (prior to scaling and root planning) and after one and three months postoperatively: GI, PI, and PD with a periodontal calibrated probe. The levels of both MMP-9 and MMP-13, from 60 GCF samples, were analyzed by ELISA. Patients treated with SRP and doxycycline 20 mg showed a significant reduction of PD, PI, GI, MMP-9, and MMP-13 than patients who received SRP only. Improvements in parameters clinically and biochemically were observed following the adjunctive use of doxycycline subantimicrobial dose therapy for the management of stage 2, grade B periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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12
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Carvalho CAT, Hasna AA, Carvalho AS, Vilela PDGF, Ramos LDP, Valera MC, Oliveira LDD. Clinical Study of Sodium Hypochlorite, Polymyxin B And Limewater Effect on MMP-3,-8,-9 In Apical Periodontitis. Braz Dent J 2020; 31:116-121. [PMID: 32556009 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202003081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), limewater (LW), and Polymyxin B (PMB) as irrigants over MMP-3, MMP-8 and MMP-9. Thirty-three patients with apical periodontitis of single-rooted teeth were treated according to three-experimental groups (n=11): group-1: 2.5% NaOCl was used as irrigant; group-2: 2.5% NaOCl for the first two files and LW: [0.14% Ca(OH)2] for the last two files; group-3: 2.5% NaOCl for the first two files and PMB for the last two files. The association of Ca(OH)2 and CHX was used as an intracanal medication in all groups. Four root canal samplings (S) were collected: S1) immediately after access cavity; S2) after biomechanical preparation; S3) after EDTA application; and S4) after removal of the intracanal medication. After quantification of MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-9, the data were analyzed by Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests and completed by Dunn test (5%). Regardless the used irrigant, there was no difference in reducing MMP-3 or MMP-8 (P=0,5273, P=0,7048 respectively). However, in reducing MMP-9 (P=0,0246) the NaOCl group was the most effective followed by NaOCl+LW group and NaOCl+PMB group respectively. The intracanal medication [Ca(OH)2 + CHX] with the NaOCl and NaOCl+LW was effective in reducing MMP-8 (P<0,0001, P=0,0025) and MMP-9 (P=0,0007, P=0,0047) respectively, but not for the group of NaOCl+PMB which was not effective in reducing MMP-8 or MMP-9 (P=0,1718, P=0,1953) respectively. NaOCl and NaOCl+LW were effective in reducing MMP-9 levels, and this effectivity could be improved by the use of the intracanal medication [Ca(OH)2 + CHX] in reducing MMP-8 and MMP-9 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Amjad Abu Hasna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Sverberi Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Polyana das Graças Figueiredo Vilela
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Paula Ramos
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Carneiro Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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13
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Wang Y, Liu G, Zhang J, Zhu L, Yu J, Zhu S, Lv F, Peng B. Overexpression of Cyclophilin A in Human Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2019; 45:1496-1503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Zhang H, Liu L, Jiang C, Pan K, Deng J, Wan C. MMP9 protects against LPS-induced inflammation in osteoblasts. Innate Immun 2019; 26:259-269. [PMID: 31726909 PMCID: PMC7251795 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919887236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family is widely involved in the destruction
of the pulp and apical tissues in the inflammatory process. MMP9 is closely
related to oral inflammation. Nevertheless, the specific function of MMP9 during
oral inflammation, as well as its mechanism, is not well understood. Our
previous studies found that in experimentally induced apical periodontitis, more
severe inflammation occurred in MMP9 knockout mice compared with the wild type
mice. Moreover, the pathology phenomenon of alveolar bone destruction was even
more evident in MMP9 knockout mice compared with the wild type mice. We proposed
that MMP9 has “anti-inflammatory” properties. We aimed to study the effects of
MMP9 on inflammatory response as well as on bone formation and bone destruction.
We found a specific relationship between MMP9 and inflammation. qRT-PCR and
Western blot revealed that the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, RANK, RANKL, TLR2,
and TLR4 was reduced by MMP9 in LPS-stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells. Meanwhile, the
expressions of OPG and OCN were increased by MMP9 in LPS-stimulated cells. MMP9
plays a protective role in LPS-induced inflammation, thereby providing new clues
to the prevention and treatment of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Hospital and School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, China
| | - Lingshuang Liu
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Hospital and School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, China
| | - Chunmiao Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital and School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, China
| | - Keqing Pan
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Hospital and School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Hospital and School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, China
| | - Chunyan Wan
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Hospital and School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, China
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15
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Tokuhara CK, Santesso MR, Oliveira GSND, Ventura TMDS, Doyama JT, Zambuzzi WF, Oliveira RCD. Updating the role of matrix metalloproteinases in mineralized tissue and related diseases. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180596. [PMID: 31508793 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone development and healing processes involve a complex cascade of biological events requiring well-orchestrated synergism with bone cells, growth factors, and other trophic signaling molecules and cellular structures. Beyond health processes, MMPs play several key roles in the installation of heart and blood vessel related diseases and cancer, ranging from accelerating metastatic cells to ectopic vascular mineralization by smooth muscle cells in complementary manner. The tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) have an important role in controlling proteolysis. Paired with the post-transcriptional efficiency of specific miRNAs, they modulate MMP performance. If druggable, these molecules are suggested to be a platform for development of "smart" medications and further clinical trials. Thus, considering the pleiotropic effect of MMPs on mammals, the purpose of this review is to update the role of those multifaceted proteases in mineralized tissues in health, such as bone, and pathophysiological disorders, such as ectopic vascular calcification and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Kazuko Tokuhara
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mariana Rodrigues Santesso
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Silva Neubern de Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Talita Mendes da Silva Ventura
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Julio Toshimi Doyama
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus Botucatu, Rubião Jr, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Willian Fernando Zambuzzi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus Botucatu, Rubião Jr, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
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16
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Disturbed bone remodelling activity varies in different stages of experimental, gradually progressive apical periodontitis in rats. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:27. [PMID: 31451690 PMCID: PMC6802676 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodelling keeps going through the lifespan of human by bone formation and bone resorption. In the craniofacial region, mandibles act as the main force for biting and chewing, and also become susceptible to a common bone-loss disease, namely, apical periodontitis, once infected dental pulp is not treated timely, during which bone resorption occurs from the apical foramen to the apical bone area. Although conventional root canal treatment (RCT) can remove the most of the infection, chronical apical periodontitis due to incomplete removal of dental pulp and subsequent microleakage will become refractory and more challenging, and this process has scarcely been specifically studied as a bone remodelling issue in rat models. Therefore, to study chronical and refractory apical periodontitis owing to incomplete cleaning of infected dental pulp and microleackage in vivo, we establish a modified rat model of gradually progressive apical periodontitis by sealing residual necrotic dental pulp and introducing limited saliva, which simulates gradually progressive apical periodontitis, as observed in the clinical treatment of chronical and refractory apical periodontitis. We show that bone-loss is inevitable and progressive in this case of apical periodontitis, which confirms again that complete and sound root canal treatment is crucial to halt the progression of chronical and refractory apical periodontitis and promote bone formation. Interestingly, bone remodelling was enhanced at the initial stage of apical periodontitis in this model while reduced with a high osteoblast number afterwards, as shown by the time course study of the modified model. Suggesting that the pathological apical microenvironment reserve its hard tissue formation ability to some degree but in a disturbed manner. Hopefully, our findings can provide insights for future bone regenerative treatment for apical periodontitis-associated bone loss.
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17
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Expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and its association with matrix metalloproteinases in symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:4205-4212. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Taira T, Lima V, Prado D, Silva T, Issa J, da Silva L, Zamboni D, Cunha F, Fukada S. NLRP12 Attenuates Inflammatory Bone Loss in Experimental Apical Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2019; 98:476-484. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034518820289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder that results from the host immune response to microbial infection through the dental pulp, leading to alveolar bone destruction. The nod-like receptor 12 (NLRP12) is an atypical intracellular sensor of the NLR family that is involved in the negative regulation of several inflammatory conditions and also osteoclastogenesis. However, the role of NLRP12 in the regulation of immune response and bone loss induced by bacterial infection remains unclear. Here we investigated the development of apical periodontitis in wild-type (WT) and NLRP12 knockout (NLRP12–/–) mice by using micro–computed tomography together with histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses. We found that NLRP12–/– mice are highly susceptible to apical periodontitis induced by bacterial infection, which is associated with an elevated infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, periapical lesion extension, and alveolar bone destruction. Furthermore, NLRP12–/– mice showed a high expression of inflammatory cytokines ( Il1b, Il6, and Tnfa) and the osteoclastogenic markers ( Rankl and Acp5) in the periapical tissues. Consistent with this observation, NLRP12–/– mice showed an increased number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase–positive cells lining the apical periodontitis site, which was associated with augmented expression of the osteoclast effector genes, Ctsk and Mmp9. Mechanistically, NLRP12-deficient preosteoclasts showed elevated IκB-α degradation and p65 phosphorylation when stimulated with receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)–κB ligand (RANKL). Similarly, increased IκB-α degradation was observed in the periapical tissue of NLRP12–/– mice. Furthermore, our in vitro study showed that preosteoclasts from NLRP12–/– mice exhibited higher RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, which was synergistically amplified by interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α (mimicking an inflammatory periapical milieu). In conclusion, our data show that NLRP12 exhibits a protective role in the periapical bone destruction by attenuating inflammation and osteoclastogenesis through negative regulation of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.M. Taira
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric, Preventive and Social Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - V. Lima
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - D.S. Prado
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - T.A. Silva
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - J.P.M. Issa
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric, Preventive and Social Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - L.A.B. da Silva
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric, Preventive and Social Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - D.S. Zamboni
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Cell Biology, University of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - F.Q. Cunha
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - S.Y. Fukada
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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19
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Barreiros D, Nelson P, Paula-Silva FWG, Oliveira KMHD, Lucisano MP, Rossi AD, Silva LAB, Küchler EC, Silva RAB. MMP2 and MMP9 are Associated with Apical Periodontitis Progression and Might be Modulated by TLR2 and MyD88. Braz Dent J 2018; 29:43-47. [PMID: 29267523 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201801731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 during apical periodontitis (AP) progression in TLR2 (TLR2 KO) and in MyD88 (MyD88 KO) knockout mice compared to wild type (WT) mice. AP was induced in mandibular first molars of TLR2 KO (n= 18), MyD88 KO (n= 18), and WT mice (n= 18). After 7, 21, and 42 days, the animals were euthanized and the jaws were dissected and subjected to histotechnical processing. Subsequent sections were stained by immunohistochemistry and evaluated for detection of MMP2 and MMP9. Statistical analysis of the semi-quantitative analysis of immunohistochemistry was performed using chi-square test (α = 0.05). In the initial periods of AP progression, an increased expression of MMP9 in the TLR2 KO and MyD88 KO mice was observed. In the final periods of AP progression, a reduction of MMP2 expression and an increase of MMP9 expression in the TLR2 KO mice were observed. MMP2 and MMP9 production was modulated for TLR2 and MyD88 during apical periodontitis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driely Barreiros
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marília Pacífico Lucisano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Andiara De Rossi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lea Assed Bezerra Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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20
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Özdemir MB, Karataş E, Albayrak M, Bayır Y. Effect of intracanal medicaments on matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vasoactive intestinal peptide secretion in periapical lesions of re-treated canals: a randomized controlled clinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:921-928. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Correia CR, Gaifem J, Oliveira MB, Silvestre R, Mano JF. The influence of surface modified poly(l-lactic acid) films on the differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:551-560. [PMID: 28128374 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00920d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in the biological performance of biomaterials, as key factors in defining the optimal inflammation-healing balance towards tissue regeneration and implant integration. Here, we investigate how different surface modifications performed on poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) films would influence the differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages. We tested PLLA films without modification, surface-modified by plasma treatment (pPLLA) or by combining plasma treatment with different coating materials, namely poly(l-lysine) and a series of proteins from the extracellular matrix: collagen I, fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin and albumin. While all the tested films are non-cytotoxic, differences in cell adhesion and morphology are observed. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) present a more rounded shape in non-modified films, while a more elongated phenotype is observed containing filopodia-like and podosome-like structures in all modified films. No major differences are found for the expression of HLA-DR+/CD80+ and CD206+/CD163+ surface markers, as well as for the ability of MDM to phagocytize. Interestingly, MDM differentiated on pPLLA present the highest expression of MMP9. Upon differentiation, MDM in all surface modified films present lower amounts of IL-6 and IL-10 compared to non-modified films. After stimulating MDM with the potent pro-inflammatory agent LPS, pPLLA and poly(l-lysine) and fibronectin-modified films reveal a significant reduction in IL-6 secretion, while the opposite effect is observed with IL-10. Of note, in comparison to non-modified films, all surface modified films induce a significant reduction of the IL-6/IL-10 ratio, a valuable prognosticator of the pro- versus anti-inflammatory balance. These findings provide important insights into MDM-biomaterial interactions, while strengthening the need for designing immune-informed biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara R Correia
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. and ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Joana Gaifem
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. and Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana B Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. and ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. and Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. and ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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22
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Takahama A, Rôças IN, Faustino ISP, Alves FRF, Azevedo RS, Gomes CC, Araújo-Filho WR, Siqueira JF. Association between bacteria occurring in the apical canal system and expression of bone-resorbing mediators and matrix metalloproteinases in apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2018; 51:738-746. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Takahama
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pediatric Dentistry; State University of Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
| | - I. N. Rôças
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - I. S. P. Faustino
- Department of Oral Pathology; Nova Friburgo Health Institute; Federal Fluminense University; Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil
| | - F. R. F. Alves
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - R. S. Azevedo
- Department of Oral Pathology; Nova Friburgo Health Institute; Federal Fluminense University; Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil
| | - C. C. Gomes
- Department of Endodontics; Nova Friburgo Health Institute; Federal Fluminense University; Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil
| | - W. R. Araújo-Filho
- Department of Endodontics; Nova Friburgo Health Institute; Federal Fluminense University; Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil
| | - J. F. Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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23
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Álvares PR, Arruda JAAD, Silva LPD, Nascimento GJFD, Silveira MFD, Sobral APV. Immunohistochemical expression of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in periapical lesions. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e51. [PMID: 28678970 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) in periapical lesion samples correlated with the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate and thickness of the epithelial lining. Forty-five cases of periapical lesions (23 periapical granulomas and 22 radicular cysts) were subjected to morphological and immunohistochemical analyses using anti-MMP-9 and anti-TGF-β1 antibodies. The data were analyzed using the following tests: non-parametric Mann-Whitney, chi-square, Fisher's exact test and Spearman's correlation test (P<0.05). Analysis of inflammatory infiltrate revealed that 78% of periapical granulomas presented infiltrate grade III, in contrast with 32% of radicular cysts (P<0.001). Morphological evaluation of the epithelial thickness in radicular cysts revealed the presence of atrophic epithelium in 86% of the cysts. The immunostaining of MMP-9 was score 2 in 67% of the granulomas and 77% of the cysts. Both lesions were predominantly score 1 for TGF-β1. Significant differences were confirmed between the expression scores of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in periapical granulomas (p = 0.004) and in radicular cysts (p < 0.001). Expression of TGF-β1 was different for periapical granulomas and radicular cysts. This immunoregulatory cytokine seems more representative in asymptomatic lesions. The extracellular matrix remodeling process dependent on MMP-9 seems to be similar for both periapical granulomas and radicular cysts. TGF-β1 and MMP-9 may play an important role in the maintenance of periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmella Recco Álvares
- Universidade de Pernambuco - UPE, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Camaragibe, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Leorik Pereira da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Fonseca da Silveira
- Universidade de Pernambuco - UPE, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Camaragibe, PB, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Veras Sobral
- Universidade de Pernambuco - UPE, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Camaragibe, PB, Brazil
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Decreased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in root-canal exudates during root canal treatment. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 82:27-32. [PMID: 28591659 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) levels in root-canal exudates from teeth undergoing root-canal treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS The root-canal exudates from six teeth with normal pulp and periradicular tissues that required intentional root canal treatment for prosthodontic reasons and from twelve teeth with pulp necrosis and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) were sampled with paper points for bacterial culture and aspirated for the detection of proMMP-2 and active MMP-2 by gelatin zymography and the quantification of MMP-2 levels by ELISA. RESULTS By gelatin zymography, both proMMP-2 and active MMP-2 were detected in the first collection of root-canal exudates from teeth with pulp necrosis and AAP, but not from teeth with normal pulp, and their levels gradually decreased and disappeared at the last collection. Consistently, ELISA demonstrated a significant decrease in MMP-2 levels in the root-canal exudates of teeth with pulp necrosis and AAP following root canal procedures (p<0.05). Furthermore, the MMP-2 levels were significantly lower in the negative bacterial culture than those in the positive bacterial culture (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The levels of MMP-2 in root-canal exudates from teeth with pulp necrosis and AAP were gradually reduced during root canal procedures. Future studies are required to determine if MMP-2 levels may be used as a biomolecule for the healing of apical lesions, similar to the clinical application of MMP-8 as a biomarker.
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Groeger SE, Meyle J. Epithelial barrier and oral bacterial infection. Periodontol 2000 2017; 69:46-67. [PMID: 26252401 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The oral epithelial barrier separates the host from the environment and provides the first line of defense against pathogens, exogenous substances and mechanical stress. It consists of underlying connective tissue and a stratified keratinized epithelium with a basement membrane, whose cells undergo terminal differentiation resulting in the formation of a mechanically resistant surface. Gingival keratinocytes are connected by various transmembrane proteins, such as tight junctions, adherens junctions and gap junctions, each of which has a specialized structure and specific functions. Periodontal pathogens are able to induce inflammatory responses that lead to attachment loss and periodontal destruction. A number of studies have demonstrated that the characteristics of pathogenic oral bacteria influence the expression and structural integrity of different cell-cell junctions. Tissue destruction can be mediated by host cells following stimulation with cytokines and bacterial products. Keratinocytes, the main cell type in gingival epithelial tissues, express a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Furthermore, the inflammatory mediators that may be secreted by oral keratinocytes are vascular endothelial growth factor, prostaglandin E2 , interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2. The protein family of matrix metalloproteinases is able to degrade all types of extracellular matrix protein, and can process a number of bioactive molecules. Matrix metalloproteinase activities under inflammatory conditions are mostly deregulated and often increased, and those mainly relevant in periodontal disease are matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 13 and 24. Viral infection may also influence the epithelial barrier. Studies show that the expression of HIV proteins in the mucosal epithelium is correlated with the disruption of epithelial tight junctions, suggesting a possible enhancement of human papilloma virus infection by HIV-associated disruption of tight junctions. Altered expression of matrix metalloproteinases was demonstrated in keratinocytes transformed with human papilloma virus-16 or papilloma virus-18,. To summarize, the oral epithelium is able to react to a variety of exogenous, possibly noxious influences.
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Basak V, Bahar TE, Emine K, Yelda K, Mine K, Figen S, Rustem N. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and gelatinases activity in 3T3 fibroblast cell by root repair materials. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1192960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Varol Basak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuna Elif Bahar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Karsli Emine
- Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kasimoglu Yelda
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Koruyucu Mine
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seymen Figen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurten Rustem
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Andrade ALDL, Santos EM, Carmo AF, Freitas RA, Galvão HC. Analysis of tryptase-positive mast cells and immunoexpression of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in periapical lesions. Int Endod J 2016; 50:446-454. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. D. L. Andrade
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Natal Brazil
| | - E. M. Santos
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Natal Brazil
| | - A. F. Carmo
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Natal Brazil
| | - R. A. Freitas
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Natal Brazil
| | - H. C. Galvão
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Natal Brazil
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Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 Immunoexpression in Periapical Lesions from Primary Endodontic Infection: Possible Relationship with the Histopathological Diagnosis and the Presence of Pain. J Endod 2016; 42:547-51. [PMID: 26846622 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible associations among the histopathological diagnosis, the inflammatory infiltrate profile, the presence of pain, and the immunoexpression of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in periapical lesions from primary endodontic infection. METHODS Fifty-one primary periapical lesions obtained from extracted teeth were selected for this study. Patients were previously evaluated for the presence of pain and sinus tract related to the tooth to be extracted. Tissues were processed for microscopic examination and MMP-2 and MMP-9 immunoexpression. Microscopically, samples were classified as periapical granulomas or periapical cysts and the inflammatory infiltrate as chronic or mixed. The percentage of immunopositive cells for MMP-2 and MMP-9 of each case was performed based on 10 consecutive microscopic fields. The Student t or chi-square tests were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS Of the total, 28 cases were classified as periapical granulomas (54.90%) and 23 cases as periapical cysts (45.10%). Seventeen patients (33.33%) reported pain associated with the extracted tooth, with 12 cases of periapical granulomas (70.58%) and 5 cases of periapical cysts (29.42%). All cases showed immunopositivity for MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a high percentage of cells, mainly in the cytoplasm of the leukocytes. MMP-2 was expressed more in periapical granulomas than periapical cysts (P < .05) and in symptomatic cases (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS According to the results, we may conclude that MMP-2 and MMP-9 are highly expressed in periapical lesions from a primary endodontic infection. Moreover, we may suggest MMP-2 is expressed more in periapical granuloma and in cases associated with pain.
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Resveratrol prevents alveolar bone loss in an experimental rat model of periodontitis. Acta Biomater 2016; 29:398-408. [PMID: 26497626 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory polyphenol. Periodontitis is induced by oral pathogens, where a systemic inflammatory response accompanied by oxidative stress is the major event initiating disease. We investigated how resveratrol modulates cellular responses and the mechanisms related to this modulation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). We also explored whether resveratrol protects rats against alveolar bone loss in an experimental periodontitis model. Periodontitis was induced around the first upper molar of the rats by applying ligature infused with LPS. Stimulating hGFs with 5μg/ml LPS augmented the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and Toll-like receptor-4. LPS treatment also stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the phosphorylation of several protein kinases in the cells. However, the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) was inhibited by the addition of LPS. Resveratrol treatment almost completely inhibited all of these changes in LPS-stimulated cells. Specifically, resveratrol alone augmented HO-1 induction via Nrf2-mediated signaling. Histological and micro-CT analyses revealed that administration of resveratrol (5mg/kg body weight) improved ligature/LPS-mediated alveolar bone loss in rats. Resveratrol also attenuated the production of inflammation-related proteins, the formation of osteoclasts, and the production of circulating ROS in periodontitis rats. Furthermore, resveratrol suppressed LPS-mediated decreases in HO-1 and Nrf2 levels in the inflamed periodontal tissues. Collectively, our findings suggest that resveratrol protects rats from periodontitic tissue damage by inhibiting inflammatory responses and by stimulating antioxidant defense systems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The aims of this study were to investigate how resveratrol modulates cellular responses and the mechanisms related to this modulation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and protects rats against alveolar bone disruption in an experimental periodontitis model. Our findings suggest that resveratrol protects rats from periodontitic tissue damage by inhibiting inflammatory responses and by stimulating antioxidant defense systems. On the basis of our experiment studies, we proposed that resveratrol could be used as novel bioactive materials or therapeutic drug for the treatment of periodontitis or other inflammatory bone diseases like osteoporosis, arthritis etc. Furthermore, it could be also used for the modification or coating of implant materials as an antiinflammatory molecules which will help to accelerate bone formation. There are a few of reports suggesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of resveratrol. However, our results highlight the cellular mechanisms by which resveratrol inhibits LPS-mediated cellular damages using human-originated gingival fibroblasts and also support the potential of resveratrol to suppress periodontitis-mediated tissue damages. We believe that the present findings might improve a clinical approach of using of resveratrol on human, although further detailed experiments will be needed.
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Ghosh A, Pechota LVTA, Upchurch GR, Eliason JL. Cross-talk between macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells in response to cigarette smoke: the effects on MMP2 and 9. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 410:75-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Kaiser SM, Thiel C, Kramer M, Raddatz BB, Failing K, Alldinger S. Immunohistochemical localisation and effect of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors on canine spontaneous periodontitis. Vet Rec 2015; 177:201. [PMID: 26260063 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is commonly observed in dogs. In human medicine, it is well documented that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the destruction of the periodontium. Therefore, the aim of this prospective study was to investigate the impact of MMPs and their inhibitors, the TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases), on canine periodontitis. The oral cavities of 57 dogs were examined clinically and radiologically. Gingival biopsies were obtained from the examined dogs and histologically analysed via haematoxylin and eosin stained sections. Immunohistological detection of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8 and MMP-9 as well as TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 was performed by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex technique. All sections were evaluated by light microscopy. Statistically significant positive correlations were detected between the histologically verified degree of inflammation and the expression of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8 and MMP-9 as well as between changes in collagen fibre content and the occurrence of MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9. Concerning TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, non-significant, generally negative correlations were observed. In summary, in canine periodontitis, an increased expression of the above mentioned MMPs and a tendentially decreased expression of TIMPs are present. In conclusion, in canine periodontitis, a MMP-TIMP imbalance is suggestive of contributing to the destruction of the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kaiser
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 108, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - C Thiel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 108, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - M Kramer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 108, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - B B Raddatz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | - K Failing
- Department for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Veterinary Division, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 95, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - S Alldinger
- German Veterinary Medical Society, Friedrichstraße 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
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Letra A, Ghaneh G, Zhao M, Ray H, Francisconi CF, Garlet GP, Silva RM. MMP-7 and TIMP-1, new targets in predicting poor wound healing in apical periodontitis. J Endod 2015; 39:1141-6. [PMID: 23953287 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are strongly associated with tissue destruction because of inflammation. In this study, we investigated the expression of MMPs and TIMPs messenger RNA and protein levels in apical periodontitis lesions. METHODS Tissue samples from patients presenting clinical signs of chronic apical abscess (CAA) or asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) were collected postoperatively and used for gene expression analysis of MMP-2, -3, -7, -9, -14, -16, and -25; TIMP-1; and TIMP-2 in real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to detect the expression of MMP-7 and TIMP-1 proteins. Lastly, U-937 cells were induced to terminal differentiation into macrophages, infected with purified Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, and assessed for the expression of MMP-7 and TIMP-1 using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Significantly higher messenger RNA levels were found for all genes in AAP and CAA samples when compared with healthy control samples (P < .001). AAP cases exhibited significantly higher TIMP-1 when compared with CAA cases, whereas CAA cases showed higher MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 messenger RNA levels (P < .05). We also detected positive the expression of MMP-7 and TIMP-1 proteins in the tissue samples. The expression of both MMP-7 and TIMP-1 were increased in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells compared with nonstimulated cells and appear to colocalize in the Golgi apparatus. CONCLUSIONS MMPs appear to have an influential role in CAA cases in which ongoing tissue destruction is observed. TIMPs are preferentially associated with AAP, perhaps as a subsequent defense mechanism against excessive destruction. Taken together, our findings implicate MMP and TIMP molecules in the dynamics of inflammatory periapical lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Letra
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
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Association of matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) with the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-1, -2 and -9 during periapical lesion development. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:944-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Liu L, Wang L, Wu Y, Peng B. The expression of MCP-1 and CCR2 in induced rats periapical lesions. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:492-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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MMP9 Deficiency Increased the Size of Experimentally Induced Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2014; 40:658-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Márton IJ, Kiss C. Overlapping Protective and Destructive Regulatory Pathways in Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2014; 40:155-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cavagis A, Takamori E, Granjeiro J, Oliveira R, Ferreira C, Peppelenbosch M, Zambuzzi W. TNFα contributes for attenuating both Y397FAK and Y416Src phosphorylations in osteoblasts. Oral Dis 2013; 20:780-6. [PMID: 24164869 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our poor understanding of how inflammatory mediators can affect osteoblast behavior led us to investigate the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-induced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src phosphorylation. MATERIAL AND METHODS MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells were harvested at specific time points after either TNFα treatment or RAW267 stimulated conditioned medium, and thereafter cell extracts were prepared for Immunoblotting assay. ELISA detected TNFα content at conditioned medium. Tumor necrosis factor-α-neutralizing antibodies also were used. RESULTS It was possible to show that TNFα provokes attenuation at Y-phosphorylation of both FAK (at Y397 ) and Src (at Y416 ) proteins (P < 0.05), suggesting a decrease in their activities. The very similar profile was observed when osteoblasts were incubated with conditioned medium from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, it being significantly different than control (FAK and Src, P < 0.05). Nevertheless, in order to validate these findings, we decided to pre-incubate osteoblasts with anti-TNFα neutralizing antibody (2 μg ml(-1) ) prior exposing to conditioned medium. Importantly, our results revealed that there was a diminution on those conditioned medium effects when the same biological parameters were evaluated (P < 0.05). Moreover, we also showed that TNFα impairs osteoblast adhesion, suggesting an interesting role on osteoblast performance. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results suggest that LPS-stimulated macrophage mediators attenuate both FAK and Src activations in osteoblast, suggesting a novel role for TNFα on osteoblast performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adm Cavagis
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, Brazil
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de Araújo RF, Souza TO, de Moura LM, Torres KP, de Souza LB, Alves MDSCF, Rocha HO, de Araújo AA. Atorvastatin decreases bone loss, inflammation and oxidative stress in experimental periodontitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75322. [PMID: 24130702 PMCID: PMC3794930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of Atorvastatin treatment, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, in periodontal disease. Male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of ten rats each: (1) non-ligated treatment (NL), (2) ligature only (L), (3) ligature plus 1 mg/kg Atorvastatin daily for 10 days, (4) ligature plus 5 mg/kg Atorvastatin daily for 10 days, and (5) ligature plus 10 mg/kg Atorvastatin daily for 10 days. Following the treatment course, the periodontal tissue of the animals was analyzed by Measurement of alveolar bone loss, Histopathology and immunohistochemistry to determine of the expression of COX-2, MMP-2, MMP9, and RANKL/RANK/OPG. ELISA assay was used to quantitate the levels of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione. The periodontal group treated with 10 mg/kg of Atorvastatin (3.9±0.9 mm; p<0.05) showed reverse the alveolar bone loss caused Experimental Periodontal Disease compared to (L) (7.02±0.17 mm). The periodontal group treated with 10 mg/kg of Atorvastatin showed a significant reduction in MPO and MDA (p<0.05) compared to ligature only group (L). Similarly in this group, the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Furthermore, MMP-2, MMP-9, RANKL/RANK, and COX-2 were all downregulated by Atorvastatin treatment, while OPG expression was increased. The findings support a role of Atorvastatin for reducing the bone loss, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and expression of extracellular matrix proteins, while reducing RANK/RANKL and increase OPG in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo
- Postgraduation Program in Functional and Structural Biology/Postgraduation Program Health Science/Department of Morphology, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Lígia Moreno de Moura
- Department of Dentistry/UNP, Postgraduation Program Public Health, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Postgraduation Program Public Health/Postgraduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science/UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Tanaka T, Ozeki N, Kawai R, Imaizumi I, Nakata K, Nakamura H. Expression and regulation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-8 and -17 in development of rat periradicular lesion. J Endod 2013; 39:638-42. [PMID: 23611382 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) are a family of transmembrane proteins that share a common domain structure. However, little is known about the possible involvement of ADAM-8 and ADAM-17 in the development of periradicular lesions. Here we demonstrated the expression of ADAM-8 and ADAM-17 in rat periradicular lesions. METHODS We induced experimentally periradicular lesions in rats. The animals were killed at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after pulp exposure. The left molars underwent immunofluorescence analysis for both ADAMs and for neutrophil elastase, and right molars were used for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of ADAM-8 and ADAM-17. The areas of these lesions were measured histometrically, and the numbers of all antigen-positive cells in the periapical portion were counted per unit area. RESULTS The area of the periradicular lesions gradually expanded from 0 to 4 weeks, showing a large increase from week 2 to week 4. Both ADAM-8-positive and ADAM-17-positive cells gradually increased in number from 0 to 4 weeks and then decreased from 4 to 8 weeks. There were more ADAM-17-expressing cells than ADAM-8-expressing ones at all experimental periods except at 4 weeks. The highest expression of ADAM-8 mRNA was observed at 4 weeks, and there were significant differences between 0 and 2 weeks and between 4 and 6 weeks. The expression of ADAM-17 mRNA increased from 0 to 4 weeks and subsequently decreased from 4 to 8 weeks, with a significant difference between 4 and 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ADAM-8 and ADAM-17 may be related to the development of rat periradicular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Ahmed GM, El-Baz AA, Hashem AAR, Shalaan AK. Expression Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Gram-negative Bacteria in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2013; 39:444-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Kim KA, Chung SB, Hawng EY, Noh SH, Song KH, Kim HH, Kim CH, Park YG. Correlation of expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2 in human gingival cells of periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2013; 43:24-9. [PMID: 23507779 PMCID: PMC3596630 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2013.43.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are capable of degrading extracellular matrix, and they are inducible enzymes depending on an inflammatory environment such as periodontitis and bacterial infection in periodontal tissue. Gingival inflammation has been postulated to be correlated with the production of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The objective of this study was to quantify the expression and activity of MMP-9 and -2, and to determine the correlation between activity and expression of these MMPs in human gingival tissues with periodontitis. Methods The gingival tissues of 13 patients were homogenized in 500 µL of phosphate buffered saline with a protease inhibitor cocktail. The expression and activity of MMP-2 and -9 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis, and quantified by a densitometer. For the correlation line, statistical analysis was performed using the Systat software package. Results MMP-9 was highly expressed in all gingival tissue samples, whereas MMP-2 was underexpressed compared with MMP-9. MMP-9 activity increased together with the MMP-9 expression level, with a positive correlation (r=0.793, P=0.01). The correlation was not observed in MMP-2. Conclusions The expression of MMP-2 and -9 might contribute to periodontal physiological and pathological processes, and the degree of MMP-9 expression and activity are predictive indicators relevant to the progression of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Gu D, Shi Y, Ding Y, Liu X, Zou H. Dramatic early event in chronic allograft nephropathy: increased but not decreased expression of MMP-9 gene. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:13. [PMID: 23351884 PMCID: PMC3599574 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The infiltration of mononuclear cells and replication and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from media into the intima in the vascular wall are the cardinal pathological changes in the early stage of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). But the mechanism is unclear. Therefore we investigated the role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and its interaction with TGF-beta1, tubulointerstitial mononuclear cells infiltration and migration of SMCs in the early stage of CAN. METHODS Kidneys of Fisher (F334) rats were orthotopically transplanted into bilaterally nephrectomized Lewis (LEW) recipients. To suppress an initial episode of acute rejection, rats were briefly treated with cyclosporine A (1.5 mg/kg/day) for the first 10 days. Animals were harvested at 12 weeks after transplantation for histological, immunohistochemistry and molecular biological analysis. RESULTS The expression of MMP-9 was up-regulated in interstitium and vascular wall in the early stage of CAN, where there were interstitial mononuclear cells infiltration and SMCs migration and proliferation. Moreover the expression of MMP-9 were positively correlated with the degree of interstitial mononuclear cells infiltration, the quantity of SMCs in arteriolar wall, and also the increased TFG-beta1 expression in the tubulointerstitium and arteriolar wall. CONCLUSIONS MMP-9 may play an important role in the mechanism of pathological changes during the earlier period of CAN. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1582313332832700.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wu Y, Zhu L, Wei H, Peng B. Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases, Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1, and Extracellular Metalloproteinase Inducer by Interleukin-17 in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. J Endod 2013; 39:62-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Maeda H, Wada N, Tomokiyo A, Monnouchi S, Akamine A. Prospective potency of TGF-β1 on maintenance and regeneration of periodontal tissue. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 304:283-367. [PMID: 23809439 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407696-9.00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue, central in the periodontium, plays crucial roles in sustaining tooth in the bone socket. Irreparable damages of this tissue provoke tooth loss, causing a decreased quality of life. The question arises as to how PDL tissue is maintained or how the lost PDL tissue can be regenerated. Stem cells included in PDL tissue (PDLSCs) are widely accepted to have the potential to maintain or regenerate the periodontium, but PDLSCs are very few in number. In recent studies, undifferentiated clonal human PDL cell lines were developed to elucidate the applicable potentials of PDLSCs for the periodontal regenerative medicine based on cell-based tissue engineering. In addition, it has been suggested that transforming growth factor-beta 1 is an eligible factor for the maintenance and regeneration of PDL tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Menezes-Silva R, Khaliq S, Deeley K, Letra A, Vieira AR. Genetic susceptibility to periapical disease: conditional contribution of MMP2 and MMP3 genes to the development of periapical lesions and healing response. J Endod 2012; 38:604-7. [PMID: 22515887 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been proposed that individual genetic predisposition may contribute to a persistent apical periodontitis condition. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated with levels of inflammation and are involved in caries, pulpal, and periapical tissue destruction. MMPs also play a major role in bone resorption. In this study, we hypothesized that polymorphisms in MMP genes and their regulators may contribute to an individual's increased susceptibility to apical tissue destruction in response to deep carious lesions. METHODS Sixteen hundred radiographic records obtained through the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Dental Registry and DNA Repository were screened for subjects with deep carious lesions in dentin with or without periapical lesions (≥ 3 mm). DNA samples of 268 patients were sorted into 2 groups: 158 cases with deep carious lesions but no periapical lesions (controls) and 110 cases with periapical lesions and deep carious lesions (cases). Sixteen SNP markers in MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP13, MMP14, and TIMP2, were selected for genotyping. Genotypes were generated by endpoint analysis in a real-time polymerase chain reaction instrument. Analyses were performed comparing cases and controls. Allele and genotypic frequencies and haplotype analysis were calculated using the PLINK program. RESULTS An association was found for MMP3 rs639752 (P = .03) and rs679620 (P = .004) genotypes in individuals with periapical lesions. We also observed altered transmission of MMP2 marker haplotypes (P = .000004) in these individuals. CONCLUSIONS Variations in MMP2 and MMP3 are associated with periapical lesion formation in individuals with untreated deep carious lesions. Future studies could help predict host susceptibility to developing periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Menezes-Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Dezerega A, Madrid S, Mundi V, Valenzuela MA, Garrido M, Paredes R, García-Sesnich J, Ortega AV, Gamonal J, Hernández M. Pro-oxidant status and matrix metalloproteinases in apical lesions and gingival crevicular fluid as potential biomarkers for asymptomatic apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment response. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2012; 9:8. [PMID: 22436166 PMCID: PMC3358239 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-9-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinases -9 and -2 are involved in periodontal breakdown, whereas gingival crevicular fluid has been reported to reflect apical status. The aim of this study was to characterize oxidant balance and activity levels of MMP -2 and -9 in apical lesions and healthy periodontal ligament; and second, to determine whether potential changes in oxidant balance were reflected in gingival crevicular fluid from asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP)-affected teeth at baseline and after endodontic treatment. Methods Patients with clinical diagnosis of AAP and healthy volunteers having indication of tooth extraction were recruited. Apical lesions and healthy periodontal ligaments, respectively, were homogenized or processed to obtain histological tissue sections. Matrix metalloproteinase -9 and -2 levels and/or activity were analyzed by Immunowestern blot, zymography and consecutive densitometric analysis, and their tissue localization was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. A second group of patients with AAP and indication of endodontic treatment was recruited. Gingival crevicular fluid was extracted from AAP-affected teeth at baseline, after endodontic treatment and healthy contralateral teeth. Total oxidant and antioxidant status were determined in homogenized tissue and GCF samples. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA v10 software with unpaired t test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's correlation. Results Activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 along with oxidant status were higher in apical lesions (p < 0.05). Total oxidant status correlated positively with matrix metalloproteinase-2 and lesion size (p < 0.05). Gingival crevicular fluid showed significantly lower levels of total antioxidant status in diseased teeth at baseline compared to controls and endodontically-treated groups. Conclusions Apical lesions display an oxidant imbalance along with increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and might contribute to AAP progression. Oxidant imbalance can also be reflected in GCF from AAP-affected teeth and was restored to normal levels after conservative endodontic treatment. These mediators might be useful as potential biomarkers for chair-side complementary diagnostic of apical status in GCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dezerega
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Avenida Sergio Livingstone 943, Comuna de Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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Abstract
Osteoclasts are cells essential for physiologic remodeling of bone and also play important physiologic and pathologic roles in the dentofacial complex. Osteoclasts and odontoclasts are necessary for tooth eruption yet result in dental compromise when associated with permanent tooth internal or external resorption. The determinants that separate their physiologic and pathologic roles are not well delineated. Clinical cases of primary eruption failure and root resorption are challenging to treat. Mineralized tissue resorbing cells undergo a fairly well characterized series of differentiation stages driven by transcriptional mediators. Signal transduction via cytokines and integrin-mediated events comprise the detailed pathways operative in osteo/odontoclastic cells and may provide insights to their targeted regulation. A better understanding of the unique aspects of osteoclastogenesis and osteo/odontoclast function will facilitate effective development of new therapeutic approaches. This review presents the clinical challenges and delves into the cellular and biochemical aspects of the unique cells responsible for resorption of mineralized tissues of the craniofacial complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Mundi Burgos V, Dezerega Piwonka A, Osorio Alfaro C, Dutzan Muñoz N, Franco Martínez M, Ortega Pinto A, Hernández Ríos M. Inmunodetección de metaloproteinasas de matriz extracelular (MMPs)-2, -9, -13 y -14 en lesiones apicales asociadas con periodontitis apical asintomática. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0718-5391(11)70060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Klocke J, Barcia RN, Heimer S, Cario E, Zieske J, Gilmore MS, Ksander BR, Gregory MS. Spontaneous bacterial keratitis in CD36 knockout mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:256-63. [PMID: 20847111 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CD36 is a Class B scavenger receptor that is constitutively expressed in the corneal epithelium and has been implicated in many homeostatic functions, including the homeostasis of the epidermal barrier. The aim of this study is to determine (1) whether CD36 is required for the maintenance of the corneal epithelial barrier to infection, and (2) whether CD36-deficient mice present with an increased susceptibility to bacterial keratitis. METHODS The corneas of CD36(-/-), TSP1(-/-), TLR2(-/-), and C57BL/6 WT mice were screened via slit lamp microscopy or ex vivo analysis. The epithelial tight junctions and mucin layer were assessed via LC-biotin and Rose Bengal staining, respectively. Bacterial quantification was performed on corneal buttons and GFP-expressing Staphylococcus aureus was used to study bacterial binding. RESULTS CD36(-/-) mice develop spontaneous corneal defects that increased in frequency and severity with age. The mild corneal defects were characterized by a disruption in epithelial tight junctions and the mucin layer, an infiltrate of macrophages, and increased bacterial binding. Bacterial quantification revealed high levels of Staphylococcus xylosus in the corneas of CD36(-/-) mice with severe defects, but not in wild-type controls. CONCLUSIONS CD36(-/-) mice develop spontaneous bacterial keratitis independent of TLR2 and TSP1. The authors conclude that CD36 is a critical component of the corneal epithelial barrier, and in the absence of CD36 the barrier breaks down, allowing bacteria to bind to the corneal epithelium and resulting in spontaneous keratitis. This is the first report of spontaneous bacterial keratitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Klocke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Xiong H, Wei L, Hu Y, Zhang C, Peng B. Effect of alendronate on alveolar bone resorption and angiogenesis in rats with experimental periapical lesions. Int Endod J 2010; 43:485-91. [PMID: 20536576 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of systemically administered alendronate, one of the most potent bisphosphonates (BPs), on alveolar bone resorption and angiogenesis in rats subjected to experimental periapical lesions over two time periods. METHODOLOGY Forty adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided equally into control and experimental groups, and the pulp chambers of mandibular first molars of all rats were exposed to the oral environment to induce periapical lesions. The experimental group received daily subcutaneous injections of alendronate at a dose of 0.25 mg kg(-1), whereas the control group received only the saline vehicle. These injections were initiated 1 week before the periapical lesion induction and then continued daily throughout the entire experimental period. After 2 or 4 weeks following pulp exposure, the rats were killed, and the mandibles were examined histologically for periapical bone loss area, number of microvascular vessels (NMV) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. RESULTS Overall, periapical bone loss area and the number of TRAP-positive cells (osteoclasts) were significantly decreased at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, after daily subcutaneous injection of alendronate compared with the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant decrease change in NMV (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Administration of alendronate to rats might inhibit alveolar bone resorption associated with periapical disease, which might not lead to impairment of angiogenesis. However, because of the differences between rats and humans, one has to consider the possible consequences of this treatment in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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