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Beykumül A, Ersoy Y, Gülbaş G, Neselioglu S. Can Blood Biomarkers Be Used to Assess Oxidative Stress in COPD Patients After Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:2179-2186. [PMID: 37818173 PMCID: PMC10561608 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s400415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the level of oxidative stress in the body due to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) with thiols and disulfide and to investigate their relationship with indirect markers such as creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase - MB (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which show cell destruction. Patients and Methods Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are included in inpatient and outpatient care. They were evaluated before and after for PR, and an exercise program was prescribed. In addition, native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT), disulfide (DS), LDH, CK, and CK-MB values were tested. Results The mean age of 21 patients was 63±7.31 years. Eleven of them were outpatients and 10 of them were inpatients. Most of the patients were male (M/F=20/1, 95.2/4.8%). There was a significant difference in pulmonary function tests (PFT), St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) before and after the treatment (p<0.001). There was a correlation between PFT and 1RM upper extremity. While there was no significant difference between thiols and disulfide, according to GOLD scores, there was a significant difference in patients with level 3-MMRC. No correlation was found between LDH, CK, CK-MB, and thiols, DS. ΔCK was found to be associated with ΔDS, and ΔCK-MB with ΔNT, and ΔTT. Conclusion PR contributes to the antioxidant process by improving respiration and reducing oxidative stress. The decrease in LDH, CK with PR, increase in CK-MB, and correlation of CK with thiols and DS gave a different interpretation. In this case, it should be considered that oxidative stress may also be increased in people with high CK values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Beykumül
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yuksel Ersoy
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Gazi Gülbaş
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Salim Neselioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
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Papadopoulos D, Skopas V, Trakas N, Papaefstathiou E, Tzogas N, Makris D, Daniil Z, Gourgoulianis K. Serum lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes as predictors of clinical outcomes in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective analysis of a hospitalized cohort. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2023; 94. [PMID: 37284765 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2023.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to test the relationship between serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzymes and treatment outcomes during hospitalization for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Thirty-eight AECOPD patients were recruited from a tertiary hospital from December 2017 to June 2018. Serum LDH and LDH isoenzymes were measured on venous blood collected at admission. Treatment outcomes included duration of hospital stay, initiation of mechanical or non-invasive ventilation (NIV), initiation of antipseudomonal antibiotics, change in empirical antibiotic treatment, need for intravenous corticosteroids or methylxanthines, and percentage of change in C-reactive protein from admission to the third day. Multivariate linear and binary logistic regression analyses were used to test the study's objectives. We found that, after adjusting for age, gender, comorbidities, COPD severity, level of hypoxemia, and inflammation markers, each 10 U/L increase in serum LDH was associated with prolongation of the hospital stay by 0.25 (0.03, 0.46) days, 42% higher odds [odds ratio (OR) 1.42 (1.00, 2.03)] for need of NIV, and 25% higher odds [OR 1.25 (1.04, 1.49)] for initiation of antipseudomonal treatment. LDH1 and LDH2 were the LDH isoenzymes that mainly drove these relationships. LDH release in the context of an AECOPD could originate from lung, muscle, or heart tissue damage due to airway inflammation, respiratory muscle recruitment, and myocardial stress. Myocardial injury and aerobic adaptation in respiratory muscles may explain the predominance of LDH1 and LDH2 isoenzymes in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vlasios Skopas
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, "Sismanogleion" General Hospital of Attica, Marousi; Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa.
| | - Nikolaos Trakas
- Clinical Chemistry Department, "Sismanogleion" General Hospital of Attica, Marousi.
| | - Eleni Papaefstathiou
- Clinical Chemistry Department, "Sismanogleion" General Hospital of Attica, Marousi.
| | - Nikolaos Tzogas
- 3rd Pulmonary Medicine Department, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, Athens.
| | - Demosthenes Makris
- Critical Care Department, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa.
| | - Zoe Daniil
- Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa.
| | - Konstantinos Gourgoulianis
- Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa.
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3
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Du W, Guan H, Wan X, Zhu Z, Yu H, Luo P, Chen L, Su J, Lu Y, Hang D, Tao R, Wu M, Zhou J, Fan X. Circulating liver function markers and the risk of COPD in the UK Biobank. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1121900. [PMID: 37033218 PMCID: PMC10073719 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1121900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of circulating liver function marker levels with the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS We leveraged the data of 372,056 participants from the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2010. The assessed circulating liver function markers included alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB), and total protein (TP). Incident COPD was identified through linkage to the National Health Service registries. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 12.3 (interquartile range:11.4-13.2) years, we documented 10,001 newly diagnosed COPD cases. Lower levels of ALT, TBIL, ALB, and TP and higher levels of GGT and ALP were nonlinearly associated with elevated COPD risk. The HR (95% CI) for decile 10 vs. 1 was 0.92 (0.84-1.01) for ALT, 0.82 (0.75-0.89) for TBIL, 0.74 (0.67-0.81) for ALB, 0.96 (0.88-1.04) for TP, 1.45 (1.31-1.62) for GGT, and 1.31 (1.19-1.45) for ALP. Restricted cubic spline analyses suggested a U-shaped relationship between AST levels and COPD risk (P for nonlinearity <0.05). CONCLUSION We observed that all seven circulating liver function markers were nonlinearly associated with the risk of COPD, indicating the importance of liver function in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencong Du
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoyu Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinglin Wan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Luo
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Su
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xikang Fan, ; Jinyi Zhou,
| | - Xikang Fan
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Xikang Fan, ; Jinyi Zhou,
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Gupta GS. The Lactate and the Lactate Dehydrogenase in Inflammatory Diseases and Major Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients. Inflammation 2022; 45:2091-2123. [PMID: 35588340 PMCID: PMC9117991 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a terminating enzyme in the metabolic pathway of anaerobic glycolysis with end product of lactate from glucose. The lactate formation is crucial in the metabolism of glucose when oxygen is in inadequate supply. Lactate can also be formed and utilised by different cell types under fully aerobic conditions. Blood LDH is the marker enzyme, which predicts mortality in many conditions such as ARDS, serious COVID-19 and cancer patients. Lactate plays a critical role in normal physiology of humans including an energy source, a signaling molecule and a pH regulator. Depending on the pH, lactate exists as the protonated acidic form (lactic acid) at low pH or as sodium salt (sodium lactate) at basic pH. Lactate can affect the immune system and act as a signaling molecule, which can provide a "danger" signal for life. Several reports provide evidence that the serum lactate represents a chemical marker of severity of disease similar to LDH under inflammatory conditions. Since the mortality rate is much higher among COVID-19 patients, associated with high serum LDH, this article is aimed to review the LDH as a therapeutic target and lactate as potential marker for monitoring treatment response of inflammatory diseases. Finally, the review summarises various LDH inhibitors, which offer potential applications as therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases, associated with high blood LDH. Both blood LDH and blood lactate are suggested as risk factors for the mortality of patients in serious inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Gupta
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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5
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Atalay B, Cesur A, Agirbasli M. Discrepancy between biomarkers of lung injury and 1-year mortality in COVID-19. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13827. [PMID: 35753029 PMCID: PMC9350115 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 global pandemic started in late 2019 with the first wave. In this cross-sectional and observational study, we evaluated the associations between the biomarkers, COVID-19 pneumonia severity and 1-year mortality. METHODS A sample of 276 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive patients for SARS-CoV-2 was included. Computerized tomography severity score (CT-SS) was used to assess the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia in 222 cases. Multivariate analyses were performed to find the predictors of CT-SS, severe CT-SS (≥20) and 1-year mortality. Biomarkers of ferritin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac troponin (cTn), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), uric acid (UA) and d-dimer were routinely measured. RESULTS Severe CT-SS (>20) was observed in 86 (31.2%) cases. Mortality was observed in 75 (27.2%) patients at 1 year. LDH displayed the highest predictive accuracy for severe CT-SS (AUC 0.741, sensitivity = 81% and specificity = 68%, cut-off value: 360 mg/dl). Linear regression analysis displayed that LDH predicted CT-SS [B = 11 (95% CI for B = 5-17, p < .001)]. Age was the most significant parameter that was associated with severe CT-SS (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92-0.99, p = .015). d-dimer was the only biomarker that predicted with 1-year mortality (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.08-2.42, p = .020). CONCLUSION LDH is a sensitive and specific biomarker to determine patients with severe lung injury in COVID-19. d-dimer is the only biomarker that predicts 1-year mortality. Neither LDH nor CT-SS is associated with 1-year mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Atalay
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Agirbasli
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Southworth T, Jevnikar Z, McCrae C, Singh D. A sputum 6-gene signature predicts airway inflammation endotypes and exacerbation frequency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biomark Med 2022; 16:277-289. [PMID: 35176870 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To validate a sputum 6-gene signature (6GS), comprising of CLC, CPA, DNASE1L3, IL-1B, ALPL and CXCR2, for identifying different endotypes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methodology & results: Sputum cell CLC, CPA3 and DNASE1L3 gene expression correlated with eosinophil percentage, while IL-1B, ALPL and CXCR2 correlated with neutrophil percentage. Hierarchical cluster analyses of IL-1B, ALPL and CXCR2, and CLC, CPA3 and DNASE1L3, identified patient groups that differed in their sputum neutrophil and eosinophil levels, respectively. Multiple logistic regressions demonstrated that the 6GS could distinguish between eosinophilHigh and eosinophilLow patients, as well as neutrophilHigh and neutrophilLow, and could also predict exacerbation history. Conclusion: The 6GS may have applications in clinical practice or for stratifying patients for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Southworth
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester, UK
| | - Zala Jevnikar
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher McCrae
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dave Singh
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester, UK
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7
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Sun D, Liu H, Ouyang Y, Liu X, Xu Y. Serum Levels of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase During Stable and Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e927771. [PMID: 33087693 PMCID: PMC7590526 DOI: 10.12659/msm.927771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most important factors in the pathogenesis of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is oxidative stress. GGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase) has been regarded as a novel marker of oxidative stress over the last few years. This study aimed to compare the serum levels of GGT during stable and acute exacerbations of COPD at a single center. Material/Methods The research included 117 patients with AECOPD (acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), 107 patients with stable COPD, and 112 control subjects. Serum GGT, spirometry function, and other clinical parameters (anthropometric and biochemical measurements) were evaluated and compared among the subjects. Results Serum GGT was elevated in patients with stable COPD in comparison to the control subjects. Its level was inversely related to lung function. It was also significantly higher in AECOPD patients compared to stable COPD patients. We also found that a GGT level of 21.2 IU/L displays a reliable diagnostic prediction of COPD and that a GGT level of 26.5 IU/L can be applied to predict the exacerbation of COPD. Conclusions Our research demonstrates that serum GGT level is inversely associated with pulmonary function and may serve as a biomarker during the progression of COPD. The monitoring of GGT values can be applied to evaluating COPD and its exacerbation risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (mainland).,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yao Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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8
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Skopas V, Papadopoulos D, Trakas N, Papaefstathiou E, Koufopoulos C, Makris D, Daniil Z, Gourgoulianis K. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An exploratory cross-sectional study. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 283:103562. [PMID: 33038523 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate differences in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes between patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and other lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Based on self-reported COPD diagnosis, 71 participants were divided into AECOPD (n = 38, 29 males, mean age 70.5 years) and LRTI (n = 33, 12 males, mean age 70.4 years) groups. Information on demographics, comorbidities, and COPD severity markers, as well as arterial blood gases and laboratory data were collected, while serum LDH electrophoresis was performed to examine the LDH isoenzymes. Adjusting for sex, age, comorbidities, degree of hypoxemia, inflammation markers, muscle and myocardial enzymes, and total serum LDH, the mean differences (95 % confidence intervals) in the ratios of serum LDH isoenzymes to total serum LDH between groups (LDHxAECOPD - LDHxLRTI) were statistically significant for LDH1 [4.9 (1.4 to 8.3)], LDH2 [3.0 (0.1 to 5.8)], LDH3 [-4.3 (-6.3 to -2.3)], and LDH4 [-3.2 (-4.9 to -1.5)]. A sum of LDH3 and LDH4 ratios below 29 % had the highest discriminative ability to classify a subject in the AECOPD group (AUC 0.841, sensitivity 76 %, specificity 87 %). Aerobic metabolic adaptive mechanisms in respiratory muscles during AECOPD could explain the above differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlasios Skopas
- 2nd Pulmonary Department, "Sismanogleion" General Hospital of Attica, Marousi, Greece; Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
| | | | - Nikolaos Trakas
- Clinical Chemistry Department, "Sismanogleion" General Hospital of Attica, Marousi, Greece
| | - Eleni Papaefstathiou
- Clinical Chemistry Department, "Sismanogleion" General Hospital of Attica, Marousi, Greece
| | | | - Demosthenes Makris
- Critical Care Department, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Zoe Daniil
- Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gourgoulianis
- Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
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Callejón-Leblic B, Pereira-Vega A, Vázquez-Gandullo E, Sánchez-Ramos JL, Gómez-Ariza JL, García-Barrera T. Study of the metabolomic relationship between lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on direct infusion mass spectrometry. Biochimie 2018; 157:111-122. [PMID: 30439409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of lung cancer (LC) has triggered the search of biomarkers for early diagnosis of this disease. For this purpose the study of metabolic changes related to the development of lung cancer could provide interesting information about its early diagnosis. In this sense, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a disease associated with tumor development, is a comorbidity that increases the risk of onset and progression of lung neoplasia and has also to be considered in the study of pathology related to lung cancer. This work develop a metabolomic approach based on direct infusion mass spectrometry using a hybrid triple quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer (DI-ESI-QqQ-TOF-MS) in order to identify altered metabolites from serum of LC and COPD patients and evaluate its relationship and implication in the progression of LC. This methodology has been applied to 30 serum samples from LC, 30 healthy patients used as controls (HC) and 30 serum samples from COPD to found altered metabolites from both LC and COPD diseases. In addition, some metabolic differences and similarities were found in Pulmonary Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis patients. On the other hand, altered metabolites were studied in different stages of LC (II, III and IV) to evaluate the perturbation of them throughout the progression of disease. The sample treatment consisted of the extraction of polar and non-polar metabolites from serum that was later infused into the mass spectrometer using an electrospray ionization source in positive and negative mode. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) allowed a classification between LC, HC and COPD groups in all acquisition modes. A total of 35 altered and common metabolites between LC and COPD, including amino acids, fatty acids, lysophospholipids, phospholipids and triacylglycerides were identified, being alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism the most altered. Finally, ROC curves were applied to the dataset and metabolites with AUC value higher than 0.70 were considered as relevant in the progression of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Callejón-Leblic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus El Carmen, Research Center on Health and Environment (RENSMA), 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - A Pereira-Vega
- Pneumonology Area of Juan Ramón Jiménez Hospital, Huelva, Spain.
| | | | | | - J L Gómez-Ariza
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus El Carmen, Research Center on Health and Environment (RENSMA), 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - T García-Barrera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus El Carmen, Research Center on Health and Environment (RENSMA), 21007, Huelva, Spain.
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Zinellu E, Zinellu A, Fois AG, Carru C, Pirina P. Circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. Respir Res 2016; 17:150. [PMID: 27842552 PMCID: PMC5109807 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive condition characterized by airflow limitation associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles and gases, caused primarily by cigarette smoking. Increased oxidative burden plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD. There is a delicate balance between the toxicity of oxidants and the protective function of the intracellular and extracellular antioxidant defense systems, which is critically important for the maintenance of normal pulmonary functions. Several biomarkers of oxidative stress are available and have been evaluated in COPD. In this review, we summarize the main literature findings about circulating oxidative stress biomarkers, grouped according to their method of detection, measured in COPD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Zinellu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuseppe Fois
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Quality Control Unit, University Hospital of Sassari (AOU SS); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pietro Pirina
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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Montenegro Álvarez de Tejera P, Cabanes-Mariscal M, Gutiérrez-Ortega C, Medina Font J, Villa-Corbatón M, Gómez de Terreros J. Catabolismo muscular en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Rev Clin Esp 2011; 211:511-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Faruqi S, Wilmot R, Wright C, Morice AH. Serum LDH in chronic cough: a potential marker of airway inflammation. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2011; 6:81-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-699x.2011.00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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No effect of glutamine ingestion on indices of oxidative metabolism in stable COPD. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 177:41-6. [PMID: 21419239 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
COPD patients have reduced muscle glutamate which may contribute to an impaired response of oxidative metabolism to exercise. We hypothesised that prior glutamine supplementation would enhance V(O2) peak, V(O2) at lactate threshold and speed pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics in COPD. 13 patients (9 males, age 66±5 years, mean±SD) with severe COPD (mean FEV(1) 0.88±0.23l, 33±7% predicted) performed on separate days ramp cycle-ergometry (5-10 W min(-1)) to volitional exhaustion and subsequently square-wave transitions to 80% estimated lactate threshold (LT) following consumption of either placebo (CON) or 0.125 g kg bm(-1) of glutamine (GLN) in 5 ml kg bm(-1) placebo. Oral glutamine had no effect on peak or V(O2) at LT, {V(O2) peak: CON=0.70±0.1 l min(-1) vs. GLN=0.73±0.2 l min(-1); LT: CON=0.57±0.1 l min(-1) vs. GLN=0.54±0.1 lmin(-1)} or V(O2) kinetics {tau: CON=68±22 s vs. GLN=68±16 s}. Ingestion of glutamine before exercise did not improve indices of oxidative metabolism in this patient group.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to examine the state of knowledge and clinical practice in the association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to osteoporosis and fracture incidence. RECENT FINDINGS There is a clear association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and excessive bone loss/risk of fractures. Little is known about the pathophysiological processes involved in the bone loss, but recent reports point to a continuous systemic inflammatory state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This inflammation involves the release of inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1. During the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a protein catabolic process takes place, including increased production of catalytic enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases etc.), which together with the inflammatory cytokines induces bone resorption. SUMMARY Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are at increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Risk factors such as smoking, advanced age, physical inactivity, malnutrition, and low weight may be responsible, but a number of pathophysiological explanations including the presence of a chronic inflammatory state with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and protein catalytic enzymes may also be involved. The use of oral glucocorticoids is also a significant risk factor. Increased awareness is highly warranted to diagnose osteoporosis at an early stage, and professionals should be aware of the risk of osteoporosis in this patient population.
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Laskaj R, Dodig S, Slavica D, Cepelak I, Kuzman I. Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Activity and Total Antioxidant Status in Serum and Platelets of Patients with Community-acquired Pneumonia. Arch Med Res 2007; 38:424-31. [PMID: 17416290 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We undertook this study to analyze serum and platelet gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity and total antioxidant status (TAS) concentration during the course of pneumonia and to compare them between patients with normal platelet count and those who developed reactive thrombocytosis. METHODS Platelet count, GGT activity and TAS concentration in serum (S) and platelet (Plt) isolates were measured in 60 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) on admission and at discharge. RESULTS At the end of treatment, platelet count increased significantly from the value recorded on admission. By the end of treatment, 42% of patients developed reactive thrombocytosis. Serum and platelet GGT activity was higher, whereas (S)TAS was significantly lower in CAP patients than in control subjects. On admission, (Plt)TAS was significantly higher in CAP patients as compared with control subjects; at discharge, (Plt)TAS was lower in comparison with either patient admission and control subjects. GGT activity and TAS concentration in serum and platelet isolate on admission did not differ significantly between patients with and without thrombocytosis. At discharge, (S)GGT activity showed no significant changes, whereas (Plt)GGT decreased significantly in patients with thrombocytosis as compared with those without thrombocytosis. In patients with thrombocytosis, (S)TAS concentration showed no significant difference, whereas (Plt)TAS concentration measured at discharge was significantly lower in patients with thrombocytosis as compared to those with normal platelet count. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of changes in (Plt)GGT catalytic activity and TAS concentration might be indicative of a certain role of thrombocytosis during treatment in patients with CAP. Further investigations are necessary to clarify these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Laskaj
- University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia.
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