1
|
Singam A, Bhattacharya C, Park S. Aging-related changes in the mechanical properties of single cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32974. [PMID: 38994100 PMCID: PMC11238009 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanical properties, along with biochemical and molecular properties, play crucial roles in governing cellular function and homeostasis. Cellular mechanics are influenced by various factors, including physiological and pathological states, making them potential biomarkers for diseases and aging. While several methods such as AFM, particle-tracking microrheology, optical tweezers/stretching, magnetic tweezers/twisting cytometry, microfluidics, and micropipette aspiration have been widely utilized to measure the mechanical properties of single cells, our understanding of how aging affects these properties remains limited. To fill this knowledge gap, we provide a brief overview of the commonly used methods to measure single-cell mechanical properties. We then delve into the effects of aging on the mechanical properties of different cell types. Finally, we discuss the importance of studying cellular viscous and viscoelastic properties as well as aging induced by different stressors to gain a deeper understanding of the aging process and aging-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath Singam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Chandrabali Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jonischkies K, del Angel M, Demiray YE, Loaiza Zambrano A, Stork O. The NDR family of kinases: essential regulators of aging. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1371086. [PMID: 38803357 PMCID: PMC11129689 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1371086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is defined as a progressive decline of cognitive and physiological functions over lifetime. Since the definition of the nine hallmarks of aging in 2013 by López-Otin, numerous studies have attempted to identify the main regulators and contributors in the aging process. One interesting group of proteins whose participation has been implicated in several aging hallmarks are the nuclear DBF2-related (NDR) family of serine-threonine AGC kinases. They are one of the core components of the Hippo signaling pathway and include NDR1, NDR2, LATS1 and LATS2 in mammals, along with its highly conserved metazoan orthologs; Trc in Drosophila melanogaster, SAX-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans, CBK1, DBF20 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and orb6 in Saccharomyces pombe. These kinases have been independently linked to the regulation of widely diverse cellular processes disrupted during aging such as the cell cycle progression, transcription, intercellular communication, nutrient homeostasis, autophagy, apoptosis, and stem cell differentiation. However, a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the post-translational modifications of and by NDR kinases in aging has not been conducted. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the NDR family of kinases, focusing on their relevance to various aging hallmarks, and emphasize the growing body of evidence that suggests NDR kinases are essential regulators of aging across species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jonischkies
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Miguel del Angel
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yunus Emre Demiray
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Allison Loaiza Zambrano
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stork
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heng Y, Zheng X, Xu Y, Yan J, Li Y, Sun L, Yang H. Microfluidic device featuring micro-constrained channels for multi-parametric assessment of cellular biomechanics and high-precision mechanical phenotyping of gastric cells. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1301:342472. [PMID: 38553127 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular biomechanics plays a significant role in the regulation of cellular physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, multiple methods have been developed to evaluate cellular biomechanics, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), micropipette aspiration, and magnetic tweezers. However, most of these methods only focus on a single parameter and cannot automate the process at a high-efficiency level. A novel microfluidic method is necessary to achieve the simultaneous multi-parametric measurement of cellular biomechanics and high-precision cellular mechanical phenotyping at high throughput. RESULTS To tackle the issue concerning the low-throughput and cellular single-parameter evaluation, we designed and fabricated a microfluidic chip featuring multiple micro-constrained channels structure, providing a simultaneous multi-parametric assessment of cellular biomechanics, including elastic modulus, recovery capability, and deformability. We compared the biomechanical properties of normal human gastric mucosal epithelial cells (GES-1) and human gastric cancer cells (AGS and MKN-45) by the chip. Results demonstrated that the elastic modulus of GES-1, AGS, and MKN-45 cells decreased sequentially, which was the opposite of their invasiveness and metastasis potential, suggesting the inverse correlation between cellular elastic modulus and malignancy. Meanwhile, the recovery capability and deformability of GES-1, AGS, and MKN-45 cells increased sequentially, demonstrating the positive correlation between cellular deformability and malignancy. Furthermore, multiple parameters were used to distinguish gastric cancer cells from normal gastric cells via machine learning. An accuracy of over 94.8% for identifying gastric cancer cells was achieved. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides a deep insight into the biophysical mechanism of gastric cancer metastasis at the single-cell level and possesses great potential to function as a valuable tool for single-cell analysis, thereby facilitating high-precision and high-throughput discrimination of cellular phenotypes that are not easily discernible through single-marker analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Heng
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Youyuan Xu
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Lining Sun
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ding J, Ding X, Liao W, Lu Z. Red blood cell-derived materials for cancer therapy: Construction, distribution, and applications. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100913. [PMID: 38188647 PMCID: PMC10767221 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become an increasingly important public health issue owing to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Although traditional treatment methods are relatively effective, they have limitations such as highly toxic side effects, easy drug resistance, and high individual variability. Meanwhile, emerging therapies remain limited, and their actual anti-tumor effects need to be improved. Nanotechnology has received considerable attention for its development and application. In particular, artificial nanocarriers have emerged as a crucial approach for tumor therapy. However, certain deficiencies persist, including immunogenicity, permeability, targeting, and biocompatibility. The application of erythrocyte-derived materials will help overcome the above problems and enhance therapeutic effects. Erythrocyte-derived materials can be acquired via the application of physical and chemical techniques from natural erythrocyte membranes, or through the integration of these membranes with synthetic inner core materials using cell membrane biomimetic technology. Their natural properties such as biocompatibility and long circulation time make them an ideal choice for drug delivery or nanoparticle biocoating. Thus, red blood cell-derived materials are widely used in the field of biomedicine. However, further studies are required to evaluate their efficacy, in vivo metabolism, preparation, design, and clinical translation. Based on the latest research reports, this review summarizes the biology, synthesis, characteristics, and distribution of red blood cell-derived materials. Furthermore, we provide a reference for further research and clinical transformation by comprehensively discussing the applications and technical challenges faced by red blood cell-derived materials in the treatment of malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Ding
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Clinical Medical College/Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332005, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332005, China
| | - Xinjing Ding
- Oncology of Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Weifang Liao
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332005, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College/Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332005, China
| | - Zhihui Lu
- Oncology of Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wan L, Song Z, Wang Z, Dong J, Chen Y, Hu J. Repair effect of Centella asiatica (L.) extract on damaged HaCaT cells studied by atomic force microscopy. J Microsc 2023; 292:148-157. [PMID: 37855555 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
People's choice of cosmetics is no longer just 'Follow the trend', but pays more attention to the ingredients of cosmetics, whether the ingredients of cosmetics are beneficial to people's skin health; therefore, more and more skin-healthy ingredients have been discovered and used in cosmetics. In this work, atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to provide physical information about biomolecules and living cells; it brings us a new method of high-precision physical measurement. Centella asiatica (L.) extract has the ability to promote skin wound healing, but its healing effect on damaged HaCaT cells needs to be investigated, which plays a key role in judging the effectiveness of skincare ingredients. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of Centella asiatica (L.) extract on ethanol-damaged human immortalised epidermal HaCaT cells based on AFM. We established a model of cellular damage and evaluated cell viability using the MTT assay. The physical changes of cell height, roughness, adhesion and Young's modulus were measured by AFM. The findings indicated that the Centella asiatica (L.) extract had a good repair effect on injured HaCaT cells, and the optimal concentration was 75 μg/mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wan
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengxun Song
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- JR3CN & IRAC, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK
| | - Jianjun Dong
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gruber L, Jobst M, Kiss E, Karasová M, Englinger B, Berger W, Del Favero G. Intracellular remodeling associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress modifies biomechanical compliance of bladder cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:307. [PMID: 37904178 PMCID: PMC10614373 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cells face a challenging biophysical environment: mechanical cues originating from urine flow and regular contraction to enable the filling voiding of the organ. To ensure functional adaption, bladder cells rely on high biomechanical compliance, nevertheless aging or chronic pathological conditions can modify this plasticity. Obviously the cytoskeletal network plays an essential role, however the contribution of other, closely entangled, intracellular organelles is currently underappreciated. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lies at a crucial crossroads, connected to both nucleus and cytoskeleton. Yet, its role in the maintenance of cell mechanical stability is less investigated. To start exploring these aspects, T24 bladder cancer cells were treated with the ER stress inducers brefeldin A (10-40nM BFA, 24 h) and thapsigargin (0.1-100nM TG, 24 h). Without impairment of cell motility and viability, BFA and TG triggered a significant subcellular redistribution of the ER; this was associated with a rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton. Additional inhibition of actin polymerization with cytochalasin D (100nM CytD) contributed to the spread of the ER toward cell periphery, and was accompanied by an increase of cellular stiffness (Young´s modulus) in the cytoplasmic compartment. Shrinking of the ER toward the nucleus (100nM TG, 2 h) was related to an increased stiffness in the nuclear and perinuclear areas. A similar short-term response profile was observed also in normal human primary bladder fibroblasts. In sum, the ER and its subcellular rearrangement seem to contribute to the mechanical properties of bladder cells opening new perspectives in the study of the related stress signaling cascades. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Gruber
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Maximilian Jobst
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Str. 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Martina Karasová
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Bernhard Englinger
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Starodubtseva MN, Kapron CM, Liu J. Cadmium, von Willebrand factor and vascular aging. NPJ AGING 2023; 9:11. [PMID: 37264012 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-023-00107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vascular aging is a major contributing factor to cardiovascular disease. The aged blood vessels, characterized by vascular wall thickening and stiffening, are instigated by endothelial cell dysfunction induced by oxidative stress and inflammation. von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a glycoprotein known for its role in coagulation, and plasma levels of vWF are increased with age. Elevated vWF promotes thrombosis, atherosclerotic plaque formation, inflammation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant associated with increased morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease. At low concentrations, Cd activates pro-survival signaling in endothelial cells, however enhances intima-media thickness and atherogenesis. A non-cytotoxic dose of Cd also increases endothelial vWF expression and secretion in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying vWF-promoted vascular aging-associated pathologies and Cd-induced vWF expression. In addition, we propose that exposure to low-dose Cd is a risk factor for vascular aging, through elevation of plasma vWF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Maria N Starodubtseva
- Gomel State Medical University, Gomel, Belarus
- Institute of Radiobiology of NAS of Belarus, Gomel, Belarus
| | - Carolyn M Kapron
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Ju Liu
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yue X, Cui J, Sun Z, Liu L, Li Y, Shao L, Feng Q, Wang Z, Hambright WS, Cui Y, Huard J, Mu Y, Mu X. Nuclear softening mediated by Sun2 suppression delays mechanical stress-induced cellular senescence. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:167. [PMID: 37198162 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear decoupling and softening are the main cellular mechanisms to resist mechanical stress-induced nuclear/DNA damage, however, its molecular mechanisms remain much unknown. Our recent study of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) disease revealed the role of nuclear membrane protein Sun2 in mediating nuclear damages and cellular senescence in progeria cells. However, the potential role of Sun2 in mechanical stress-induced nuclear damage and its correlation with nuclear decoupling and softening is still not clear. By applying cyclic mechanical stretch to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of WT and Zmpset24-/- mice (Z24-/-, a model for HGPS), we observed much increased nuclear damage in Z24-/- MSCs, which also featured elevated Sun2 expression, RhoA activation, F-actin polymerization and nuclear stiffness, indicating the compromised nuclear decoupling capacity. Suppression of Sun2 with siRNA effectively reduced nuclear/DNA damages caused by mechanical stretch, which was mediated by increased nuclear decoupling and softening, and consequently improved nuclear deformability. Our results reveal that Sun2 is greatly involved in mediating mechanical stress-induced nuclear damage by regulating nuclear mechanical properties, and Sun2 suppression can be a novel therapeutic target for treating progeria aging or aging-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Yue
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zewei Sun
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Li
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liwei Shao
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - William S Hambright
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Vail, CO, USA
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Vail, CO, USA
| | - Yanling Mu
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaodong Mu
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Todhunter ME, Miyano M, Carlson EG, Hinz S, LaBarge MA. Sustained postconfluent culture of human mammary epithelial cells enriches for luminal and c-Kit+ subtypes. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:6. [PMID: 36653787 PMCID: PMC9847146 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A challenge in human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) culture is sustaining the representation of competing luminal, myoepithelial, and progenitor lineages over time. As cells replicate in culture, myoepithelial cells come to dominate the composition of the culture with serial passaging. This drift in composition presents a challenge for studying luminal and progenitor cells, which are prospective cells of origin for most breast cancer subtypes. METHODS We demonstrate the use of postconfluent culture on HMECs. Postconfluent culture entails culturing HMECs for 2-5 weeks without passaging but maintaining frequent feedings in low-stress M87A culture medium. In contrast, standard HMEC culture entails enzymatic subculturing every 3-5 days to maintain subconfluent density. RESULTS When compared to standard HMEC culture, postconfluent culture yields increased proportions of luminal cells and c-Kit+ progenitor cells. Postconfluent cultures develop a distinct multilayered morphology with individual cells showing decreased physical deformability as compared to cells in standard culture. Gene expression analysis of postconfluent cells shows increased expression of lineage-specific markers and extracellular matrix components. CONCLUSIONS Postconfluent culture is a novel, useful strategy for altering the lineage composition of HMECs, by increasing the proportional representation of luminal and progenitor cells. We speculate that postconfluent culture creates a microenvironment with cellular composition closer to the physiological state and eases the isolation of scarce cell subtypes. As such, postconfluent culture is a valuable tool for researchers using HMECs for breast cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Todhunter
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Masaru Miyano
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Eric G. Carlson
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA ,grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Stefan Hinz
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Mark A. LaBarge
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Du R, Li D, Zhu M, Zheng L, Ren K, Han D, Li L, Ji J, Fan Y. Cell senescence alters responses of porcine trabecular meshwork cells to shear stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1083130. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1083130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical microenvironment and cellular senescence of trabecular meshwork cells (TMCs) are suspected to play a vital role in primary open-angle glaucoma pathogenesis. However, central questions remain about the effect of shear stress on TMCs and how aging affects this process. We have investigated the effect of shear stress on the biomechanical properties and extracellular matrix regulation of normal and senescent TMCs. We found a more significant promotion of Fctin formation, a more obvious realignment of F-actin fibers, and a more remarkable increase in the stiffness of normal cells in response to the shear stress, in comparison with that of senescent cells. Further, as compared to normal cells, senescent cells show a reduced extracellular matrix turnover after shear stress stimulation, which might be attributed to the different phosphorylation levels of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Our results suggest that TMCs are able to sense and respond to the shear stress and cellular senescence undermines the mechanobiological response, which may lead to progressive failure of cellular TM function with age.
Collapse
|
11
|
Possibilities of using T-cell biophysical biomarkers of ageing. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e35. [PMID: 36111609 PMCID: PMC9884748 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is interrelated with the development of immunosenescence. This article focuses on one of the cell sets of the adaptive immune system, T cells, and provides a review of the known changes in T cells associated with ageing. Such fundamental changes affect both cell molecular content and internal ordering. However, acquiring a complete description of the changes at these levels would require extensive measurements of parameters and, furthermore, important fine details of the internal ordering that may be difficult to detect. Therefore, an alternative approach for the characterisation of cells consists of the performance of physical measurements of the whole cell, such as deformability measurements or migration measurements: the physical parameters, complementing the commonly used chemical biomarkers, may contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of T-cell states during ageing. Mechanical measurements, among other biophysical measurements, have the advantage of their relative simplicity: one single parameter agglutinates the complex effects of the variety of changes that gradually appear in cells during ageing.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim YJ, Cho MJ, Yu WD, Kim MJ, Kim SY, Lee JH. Links of Cytoskeletal Integrity with Disease and Aging. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182896. [PMID: 36139471 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex feature and involves loss of multiple functions and nonreversible phenotypes. However, several studies suggest it is possible to protect against aging and promote rejuvenation. Aging is associated with many factors, such as telomere shortening, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and loss of homeostasis. The integrity of the cytoskeleton is associated with several cellular functions, such as migration, proliferation, degeneration, and mitochondrial bioenergy production, and chronic disorders, including neuronal degeneration and premature aging. Cytoskeletal integrity is closely related with several functional activities of cells, such as aging, proliferation, degeneration, and mitochondrial bioenergy production. Therefore, regulation of cytoskeletal integrity may be useful to elicit antiaging effects and to treat degenerative diseases, such as dementia. The actin cytoskeleton is dynamic because its assembly and disassembly change depending on the cellular status. Aged cells exhibit loss of cytoskeletal stability and decline in functional activities linked to longevity. Several studies reported that improvement of cytoskeletal stability can recover functional activities. In particular, microtubule stabilizers can be used to treat dementia. Furthermore, studies of the quality of aged oocytes and embryos revealed a relationship between cytoskeletal integrity and mitochondrial activity. This review summarizes the links of cytoskeletal properties with aging and degenerative diseases and how cytoskeletal integrity can be modulated to elicit antiaging and therapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Kim
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Jung-gu, Seoul 04637, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Cho
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Jung-gu, Seoul 04637, Korea
| | - Won Dong Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pochen 11160, Korea
| | - Myung Joo Kim
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Jung-gu, Seoul 04637, Korea
| | - Sally Yunsun Kim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Jung-gu, Seoul 04637, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pochen 11160, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jain N, Lord JM, Vogel V. Mechanoimmunology: Are inflammatory epigenetic states of macrophages tuned by biophysical factors? APL Bioeng 2022; 6:031502. [PMID: 36051106 PMCID: PMC9427154 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many inflammatory diseases that are responsible for a majority of deaths are still uncurable, in part as the underpinning pathomechanisms and how to combat them is still poorly understood. Tissue-resident macrophages play pivotal roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, but if they gradually convert to proinflammatory phenotypes, or if blood-born proinflammatory macrophages persist long-term after activation, they contribute to chronic inflammation and fibrosis. While biochemical factors and how they regulate the inflammatory transcriptional response of macrophages have been at the forefront of research to identify targets for therapeutic interventions, evidence is increasing that physical factors also tune the macrophage phenotype. Recently, several mechanisms have emerged as to how physical factors impact the mechanobiology of macrophages, from the nuclear translocation of transcription factors to epigenetic modifications, perhaps even DNA methylation. Insight into the mechanobiology of macrophages and associated epigenetic modifications will deliver novel therapeutic options going forward, particularly in the context of increased inflammation with advancing age and age-related diseases. We review here how biophysical factors can co-regulate pro-inflammatory gene expression and epigenetic modifications and identify knowledge gaps that require urgent attention if this therapeutic potential is to be realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Viola Vogel
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Suki B, Bates JHT, Bartolák-Suki E. Remodeling of the Aged and Emphysematous Lungs: Roles of Microenvironmental Cues. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3559-3574. [PMID: 35766835 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a slow process that affects all organs, and the lung is no exception. At the alveolar level, aging increases the airspace size with thicker and stiffer septal walls and straighter and thickened collagen and elastic fibers. This creates a microenvironment that interferes with the ability of cells in the parenchyma to maintain normal homeostasis and respond to injury. These changes also make the lung more susceptible to disease such as emphysema. Emphysema is characterized by slow but progressive remodeling of the deep alveolar regions that leads to airspace enlargement and increased but disorganized elastin and collagen deposition. This remodeling has been attributed to ongoing inflammation that involves inflammatory cells and the cytokines they produce. Cellular senescence, another consequence of aging, weakens the ability of cells to properly respond to injury, something that also occurs in emphysema. These factors conspire to make alveolar walls more prone to mechanical failure, which can set emphysema in motion by driving inflammation through immune stimulation by protein fragments. Both aging and emphysema are influenced by microenvironmental conditions such as local inflammation, chemical makeup, tissue stiffness, and mechanical stresses. Although aging and emphysema are not equivalent, they have the potential to influence each other in synergistic ways; aging sets up the conditions for emphysema to develop, while emphysema may accelerate cellular senescence and thus aging itself. This article focuses on the similarities and differences between the remodeled microenvironment of the aging and emphysematous lung, with special emphasis on the alveolar septal wall. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3559-3574, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason H T Bates
- Depatment of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xie L, Sun Z, Brown NJ, Glinskii OV, Meininger GA, Glinsky VV. Changes in dynamics of tumor/endothelial cell adhesive interactions depending on endothelial cell growth state and elastic properties. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269552. [PMID: 35666755 PMCID: PMC9170101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell adhesion to the endothelium is a crucial process in hematogenous metastasis, but how the integrity of the endothelial barrier and endothelial cell (EC) mechanical properties influence the adhesion between metastatic cancer cells and the endothelium remain unclear. In the present study, we have measured the adhesion between single cancer cells and two types of ECs at various growth states and their mechanical properties (elasticity) using atomic force microscopy single cell force spectroscopy. We demonstrated that the EC stiffness increased and adhesion with cancer cells decreased, as ECs grew from a single cell to a confluent state and developed cell-cell contacts, but this was reversed when confluent cells returned to a single state in a scratch assay. Our results suggest that the integrity of the endothelial barrier is an important factor in reducing the ability of the metastatic tumor cells to adhere to the vascular endothelium, extravasate and lodge in the vasculature of a distant organ where secondary metastatic tumors would develop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leike Xie
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Zhe Sun
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nicola J. Brown
- Microcirculation Research Group, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Olga V. Glinskii
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gerald A. Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Vladislav V. Glinsky
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim KM, Lui LY, Browner WS, Cauley JA, Ensrud KE, Kado DM, Orwoll ES, Schousboe JT, Cummings SR. Association Between Variation in Red Cell Size and Multiple Aging-Related Outcomes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1288-1294. [PMID: 32894755 PMCID: PMC8202142 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We tested whether greater variation in red blood cell size, measured by red cell distribution width (RDW), may predict aging-related degenerative conditions and therefore, serve as a marker of biological aging. METHODS Three thousand six hundred and thirty-five community-dwelling older men were enrolled in the prospective Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study. RDW was categorized into 4 groups (≤13.0%, 13.1%-14.0%, 14.1%-15.0%, and ≥15.1%). Functional limitations, frailty, strength, physical performance, and cognitive function were measured at baseline and 7.4 years later. Falls were recorded in the year after baseline; hospitalizations were obtained for 2 years after baseline. Mortality was assessed during a mean of 8.3 years of follow-up. RESULTS Participants with greater variability in red cell size were weaker, walked more slowly, and had a worse cognitive function. They were more likely to have functional limitations (35.2% in the highest RDW category vs 16.0% in the lowest, p < .001) and frailty (30.3% vs 11.3%, p < .001). Those with greater variability in red cell size were more likely to develop new functional limitations and to become frail. The risk of having 2 or more falls was also greater (highest 19.2% vs lowest 10.3%, p < .001). The risk of hospitalization was higher in those with the highest variability (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.8 [1.3-2.5]) compared with the lowest. Variability in red cell size was related to total and cause-specific mortality. CONCLUSION Greater variability in red cell size is associated with diverse aging-related outcomes, suggesting that it may have potential value as a marker for biological aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Min Kim
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco
| | - Li-Yung Lui
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco
| | - Warren S Browner
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristine E Ensrud
- Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Deborah M Kado
- Departments of Family Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - John T Schousboe
- Park Nicollet Clinic and HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Steven R Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ferrari S, Pesce M. Stiffness and Aging in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Dangerous Relationship between Force and Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3404. [PMID: 33810253 PMCID: PMC8037660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is a process associated with a gradual decline in tissues' homeostasis based on the progressive inability of the cells to self-renew. Cellular senescence is one of the hallmarks of the aging process, characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, telomeres shortening, chronic inflammatory activation, and chromatin modifications. In this review, we will describe the effects of senescence on tissue structure, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, and nucleus architecture, and see how these changes affect (are affected by) mechano-transduction. In our view, this is essential for a deeper understanding of the progressive pathological evolution of the cardiovascular system and its relationship with the detrimental effects of risk factors, known to act at an epigenetic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ferrari
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS), 20138 Milan, Italy;
- PhD Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Università degli studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS), 20138 Milan, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kolodziejczyk AM, Sokolowska P, Zimon A, Grala M, Rosowski M, Siatkowska M, Komorowski P, Walkowiak B. Dysfunction of endothelial cells exposed to nanomaterials assessed by atomic force spectroscopy. Micron 2021; 145:103062. [PMID: 33770641 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The study of the impact of nanomaterials on endothelial cell elasticity with the atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) can be a significant model for assessing nanomaterials toxic effects in vitro. The mechanical properties of cells exposed to nanostructures can provide information not only about cellular nano and micro-structure, but also about cell physiology. The toxicity of nanostructures is an important issue which must be carefully considered when the optimal nanomaterial is defined. There are no universal properties characterizing such a nanomaterial, i.e. depending on the intended use, the requirements can be diverse. For example, for biomedical use a nanomaterial should not negatively affect the cells or should cause the expected therapeutic or diagnostic effects in justified cases. The present study was devoted to the effects of silver nanoparticles (SNPs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of 4th generation on functioning of endothelial cells. Immortalized endothelial cells were exposed for 24 h to the tested nanomaterials used in concentrations reducing cellular viability to the levels of 90 % and 75 %. The innovative nature of our work is the comparison of cell elasticity performed with various AFS probes, which enabled detection of local and global elasticity alteration caused by the nanostructures. The obtained results demonstrated changes in elasticity of endothelial cell induced by the nanostructures, which were closely correlated with the level of cellular viability, forming of actin stress fibres and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. Trend of changes in local and global elasticity of cells exposed to nanostructures was similar, but the magnitude of the response was dependent on the selected probe. SNPs and MWCNTs evoked cells stiffening, which was correlated with changes in production levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cytoskeletal alteration. Softening of cells exposed to PAMAM dendrimers correlated with increased number of apoptotic cells and ROS production levels. Based on the obtained results we conclude, that the structure and the type of nanostructure (nanoparticle) is essential for their localization inside the cells and for the toxic effect on the endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Sokolowska
- Bionanopark Ltd, Dubois 114/116, 93-465, Lodz, Poland; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7 /9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Piotr Komorowski
- Bionanopark Ltd, Dubois 114/116, 93-465, Lodz, Poland; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogdan Walkowiak
- Bionanopark Ltd, Dubois 114/116, 93-465, Lodz, Poland; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee H, Bonin K, Guthold M. Human mammary epithelial cells in a mature, stratified epithelial layer flatten and stiffen compared to single and confluent cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129891. [PMID: 33689830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelium forms a protective barrier against external biological, chemical and physical insults. So far, AFM-based, micro-mechanical measurements have only been performed on single cells and confluent cells, but not yet on cells in mature layers. METHODS Using a combination of atomic force, fluorescence and confocal microscopy, we determined the changes in stiffness, morphology and actin distribution of human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) as they transition from single cells to confluency to a mature layer. RESULTS Single HMECs have a tall, round (planoconvex) morphology, have actin stress fibers at the base, have diffuse cortical actin, and have a stiffness of 1 kPa. Confluent HMECs start to become flatter, basal actin stress fibers start to disappear, and actin accumulates laterally where cells abut. Overall stiffness is still 1 kPa with two-fold higher stiffness in the abutting regions. As HMECs mature and form multilayered structures, cells on apical surfaces become flatter (apically more level), wider, and seven times stiffer (mean, 7 kPa) than single and confluent cells. The main drivers of these changes are actin filaments, as cells show strong actin accumulation in the regions where cells adjoin, and in the apical regions. CONCLUSIONS HMECs stiffen, flatten and redistribute actin upon transiting from single cells to mature, confluent layers. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings advance the understanding of breast ductal morphogenesis and mechanical homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsu Lee
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Keith Bonin
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Martin Guthold
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Whitehead AJ, Kirkland NJ, Engler AJ. Atomic Force Microscopy for Live-Cell and Hydrogel Measurement. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2299:217-226. [PMID: 34028746 PMCID: PMC9074798 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1382-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has emerged as a popular method for determining the mechanical properties of cells, their components, and biomaterials. Here, we describe AFM setup and application to obtain stiffness measurements from single indentations for hydrogels and myofibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Whitehead
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Engler Lab, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Natalie J Kirkland
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Engler Lab, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Engler Lab, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jo J, Abdi Nansa S, Kim DH. Molecular Regulators of Cellular Mechanoadaptation at Cell-Material Interfaces. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:608569. [PMID: 33364232 PMCID: PMC7753015 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.608569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse essential cellular behaviors are determined by extracellular physical cues that are detected by highly orchestrated subcellular interactions with the extracellular microenvironment. To maintain the reciprocity of cellular responses and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, cells utilize a variety of signaling pathways that transduce biophysical stimuli to biochemical reactions. Recent advances in the micromanipulation of individual cells have shown that cellular responses to distinct physical and chemical features of the material are fundamental determinants of cellular mechanosensation and mechanotransduction. In the process of outside-in signal transduction, transmembrane protein integrins facilitate the formation of focal adhesion protein clusters that are connected to the cytoskeletal architecture and anchor the cell to the substrate. The linkers of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton molecular complexes, collectively termed LINC, are critical signal transducers that relay biophysical signals between the extranuclear cytoplasmic region and intranuclear nucleoplasmic region. Mechanical signals that involve cytoskeletal remodeling ultimately propagate into the nuclear envelope comprising the nuclear lamina in assistance with various nuclear membrane proteins, where nuclear mechanics play a key role in the subsequent alteration of gene expression and epigenetic modification. These intracellular mechanical signaling cues adjust cellular behaviors directly associated with mechanohomeostasis. Diverse strategies to modulate cell-material interfaces, including alteration of surface rigidity, confinement of cell adhesive region, and changes in surface topology, have been proposed to identify cellular signal transduction at the cellular and subcellular levels. In this review, we will discuss how a diversity of alterations in the physical properties of materials induce distinct cellular responses such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and chromosomal organization. Furthermore, the pathological relevance of misregulated cellular mechanosensation and mechanotransduction in the progression of devastating human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and aging, will be extensively reviewed. Understanding cellular responses to various extracellular forces is expected to provide new insights into how cellular mechanoadaptation is modulated by manipulating the mechanics of extracellular matrix and the application of these materials in clinical aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong-Hwee Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hao Y, Cheng S, Tanaka Y, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y, Li M. Mechanical properties of single cells: Measurement methods and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
23
|
Roig-Rosello E, Rousselle P. The Human Epidermal Basement Membrane: A Shaped and Cell Instructive Platform That Aging Slowly Alters. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1607. [PMID: 33260936 PMCID: PMC7760980 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important functions of skin is to act as a protective barrier. To fulfill this role, the structural integrity of the skin depends on the dermal-epidermal junction-a complex network of extracellular matrix macromolecules that connect the outer epidermal layer to the underlying dermis. This junction provides both a structural support to keratinocytes and a specific niche that mediates signals influencing their behavior. It displays a distinctive microarchitecture characterized by an undulating pattern, strengthening dermal-epidermal connectivity and crosstalk. The optimal stiffness arising from the overall molecular organization, together with characteristic anchoring complexes, keeps the dermis and epidermis layers extremely well connected and capable of proper epidermal renewal and regeneration. Due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, a large number of structural and biological changes accompany skin aging. These changes progressively weaken the dermal-epidermal junction substructure and affect its functions, contributing to the gradual decline in overall skin physiology. Most changes involve reduced turnover or altered enzymatic or non-enzymatic post-translational modifications, compromising the mechanical properties of matrix components and cells. This review combines recent and older data on organization of the dermal-epidermal junction, its mechanical properties and role in mechanotransduction, its involvement in regeneration, and its fate during the aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Roig-Rosello
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS-Université Lyon 1, SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France;
- Roger Gallet SAS, 4 rue Euler, 75008 Paris, France
| | - Patricia Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS-Université Lyon 1, SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Link A, Franke T. Acoustic erythrocytometer for mechanically probing cell viscoelasticity. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1991-1998. [PMID: 32367091 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00999j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an acoustic device to mechanically probe a population of red blood cells at the single cell level. The device operates by exciting a surface acoustic wave in a microfluidic channel creating a stationary acoustic wave field of nodes and antinodes. Erythrocytes are attracted to the nodes and are deformed. Using a stepwise increasing and periodically oscillating acoustic field we study the static and dynamic deformation of individual red blood cells one by one. We quantify the deformation by the Taylor deformation index D and relaxation times τ1 and τ2 that reveal both the viscous and elastic properties of the cells. The precision of the measurement allows us to distinguish between individual cells in the suspension and provides a quantitative viscoelastic fingerprint of the blood sample at single cell resolution. The method overcomes limitations of other techniques that provide averaged values and has the potential for high-throughput.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Link
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Oakfield Avenue, G12 8LT, Glasgow, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Weber A, Iturri J, Benitez R, Zemljic-Jokhadar S, Toca-Herrera JL. Microtubule disruption changes endothelial cell mechanics and adhesion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14903. [PMID: 31624281 PMCID: PMC6797797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in studying the mechanical and adhesive properties of cells has increased in recent years. The cytoskeleton is known to play a key role in cell mechanics. However, the role of the microtubules in shaping cell mechanics is not yet well understood. We have employed Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) together with confocal fluorescence microscopy to determine the role of microtubules in cytomechanics of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). Additionally, the time variation of the adhesion between tip and cell surface was studied. The disruption of microtubules by exposing the cells to two colchicine concentrations was monitored as a function of time. Already, after 30 min of incubation the cells stiffened, their relaxation times increased (lower fluidity) and the adhesion between tip and cell decreased. This was accompanied by cytoskeletal rearrangements, a reduction in cell area and changes in cell shape. Over the whole experimental time, different behavior for the two used concentrations was found while for the control the values remained stable. This study underlines the role of microtubules in shaping endothelial cell mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Weber
- Institute for Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jagoba Iturri
- Institute for Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rafael Benitez
- Dpto. Matemáticas para la Economía y la Empresa, Facultad de Economía, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Spela Zemljic-Jokhadar
- Department of Biophysics, Medicine Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - José L Toca-Herrera
- Institute for Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Franco-Bocanegra DK, McAuley C, Nicoll JAR, Boche D. Molecular Mechanisms of Microglial Motility: Changes in Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060639. [PMID: 31242692 PMCID: PMC6627151 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the tissue-resident immune cells of the central nervous system, where they constitute the first line of defense against any pathogens or injury. Microglia are highly motile cells and in order to carry out their function, they constantly undergo changes in their morphology to adapt to their environment. The microglial motility and morphological versatility are the result of a complex molecular machinery, mainly composed of mechanisms of organization of the actin cytoskeleton, coupled with a “sensory” system of membrane receptors that allow the cells to perceive changes in their microenvironment and modulate their responses. Evidence points to microglia as accountable for some of the changes observed in the brain during ageing, and microglia have a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. The present review describes in detail the main mechanisms driving microglial motility in physiological conditions, namely, the cytoskeletal actin dynamics, with emphasis in proteins highly expressed in microglia, and the role of chemotactic membrane proteins, such as the fractalkine and purinergic receptors. The review further delves into the changes occurring to the involved proteins and pathways specifically during ageing and in Alzheimer’s disease, analyzing how these changes might participate in the development of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana K Franco-Bocanegra
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Ciaran McAuley
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - James A R Nicoll
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sales A, Picart C, Kemkemer R. Age-dependent migratory behavior of human endothelial cells revealed by substrate microtopography. Exp Cell Res 2018; 374:1-11. [PMID: 30342990 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is part of many important in vivo biological processes and is influenced by chemical and physical factors such as substrate topography. Although the migratory behavior of different cell types on structured substrates has already been investigated, up to date it is largely unknown if specimen's age affects cell migration on structures. In this work, we investigated age-dependent migratory behavior of human endothelial cells from young (≤ 31 years old) and old (≥ 60 years old) donors on poly(dimethylsiloxane) microstructured substrates consisting of well-defined parallel grooves. We observed a decrease in cell migration velocity in all substrate conditions and in persistence length perpendicular to the grooves in cells from old donors. Nevertheless, in comparison to young cells, old cells exhibited a higher cell directionality along grooves of certain depths and a higher persistence time. We also found a systematic decrease of donor age-dependent responses of cell protrusions in orientation, velocity and length, all of them decreased in old cells. These observations lead us to hypothesize a possible impairment of actin cytoskeleton network and affected actin polymerization and steering systems, caused by aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Sales
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Catherine Picart
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5628, Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique, Institute of Technology, 38016 Grenoble, France
| | - Ralf Kemkemer
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Heidelberg, Germany; Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Quan FS, Jeong KH, Lee GJ. Ultrastructural and mechanical changes in tubular epithelial cells by angiotensin II and aldosterone as observed with atomic force microscopy. Micron 2018; 110:50-56. [PMID: 29734020 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tubular epithelial cells (TECs) play an important pathophysiological role in the promotion of renal fibrosis. Quantitative analysis of the mechanical changes in TECs may be helpful in evaluating novel pharmacological strategies. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a common nanotechnology tool used for imaging and measuring interaction forces in biological systems. In this study, we used AFM to study ultrastructural and mechanical changes in TECs mediated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. We quantitatively analyzed changes in the mechanical properties of TECs using three extrinsic factors, namely, chemical fixation, angiotensin II (AT II), and aldosterone (AD). Fixed TECs were 11 times stiffer at the cell body and 3 times stiffer at the cell-cell junction compared to live TECs. After stimulation with AT II, live TECs were four times stiffer at the junctional area than at the cell body, while fixed TECs after AT II stimulation were approximately two times stiffer at the both cell body and cell-cell junction compared to fixed unstimulated TECs. Fixed TECs also reflected changes in the mechanical properties of TECs at the cell body region after AD stimulation. Together, our results suggest that cell stiffness at the cell body region may serve as an effective index for evaluating drugs and stimulation, regardless of whether the cells are live or fixed at the time of analysis. In addition, studying the changes to the intrinsic mechanical property of TECs after application of external stimuli may be useful for investigating pathophysiologic mechanisms and effective therapeutic strategies for renal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ja Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Parreno J, Cheng C, Nowak RB, Fowler VM. The effects of mechanical strain on mouse eye lens capsule and cellular microstructure. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1963-1974. [PMID: 30088796 PMCID: PMC6232967 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-01-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse eye lens was used as a model for multiscale transfer of loads. In the lens, compressive strain is distributed across specific lens tissue microstructures, including the extracellular capsule, as well as the epithelial and fiber cells. The removal of high loads resulted in complete recovery of most, but not all, microstructures. The understanding of multiscale load transfer within complex soft tissues is incomplete. The eye lens is ideal for multiscale mechanical studies because its principal function is to fine-focus light at different distances onto the retina via shape changes. The biomechanical function, resiliency, and intricate microstructure of the lens makes it an excellent nonconnective soft tissue model. We hypothesized that strain applied onto whole-lens tissue leads to deformation of specific microstructures and that this deformation is reversible following load removal. For this examination, mouse lenses were compressed by sequential application of increasing load. Using confocal microscopy and quantitative image analysis, we determined that axial strain ≥10% reduces capsule thickness, expands epithelial cell area, and separates fiber cell tips at the anterior region. At the equatorial region, strain ≥6% increases fiber cell widths. The effects of strain on lens epithelial cell area, capsule thickness, and fiber cell widths are reversible following the release from strain. However, the separation of fiber cell tips is irreversible at high loads. This irreversible separation between fiber cell tips leads to incomplete whole-lens resiliency. The lens is an accessible biomechanical model system that provides new insights on multiscale transfer of loads in soft tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Parreno
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Catherine Cheng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Roberta B Nowak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Velia M Fowler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim J, Han S, Lei A, Miyano M, Bloom J, Srivastava V, Stampfer MR, Gartner ZJ, LaBarge MA, Sohn LL. Characterizing cellular mechanical phenotypes with mechano-node-pore sensing. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2018; 4:17091. [PMID: 29780657 PMCID: PMC5958920 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of cells change with their differentiation, chronological age, and malignant progression. Consequently, these properties may be useful label-free biomarkers of various functional or clinically relevant cell states. Here, we demonstrate mechano-node-pore sensing (mechano-NPS), a multi-parametric single-cell-analysis method that utilizes a four-terminal measurement of the current across a microfluidic channel to quantify simultaneously cell diameter, resistance to compressive deformation, transverse deformation under constant strain, and recovery time after deformation. We define a new parameter, the whole-cell deformability index (wCDI), which provides a quantitative mechanical metric of the resistance to compressive deformation that can be used to discriminate among different cell types. The wCDI and the transverse deformation under constant strain show malignant MCF-7 and A549 cell lines are mechanically distinct from non-malignant, MCF-10A and BEAS-2B cell lines, and distinguishes between cells treated or untreated with cytoskeleton-perturbing small molecules. We categorize cell recovery time, ΔTr, as instantaneous (ΔTr ~ 0 ms), transient (ΔTr ≤ 40ms), or prolonged (ΔTr > 40ms), and show that the composition of recovery types, which is a consequence of changes in cytoskeletal organization, correlates with cellular transformation. Through the wCDI and cell-recovery time, mechano-NPS discriminates between sub-lineages of normal primary human mammary epithelial cells with accuracy comparable to flow cytometry, but without antibody labeling. Mechano-NPS identifies mechanical phenotypes that distinguishes lineage, chronological age, and stage of malignant progression in human epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720-1740 CA USA
| | - Sewoon Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720-1740 CA USA
| | - Andy Lei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720-1762 CA USA
| | - Masaru Miyano
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, 91010 CA USA
| | - Jessica Bloom
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, 91010 CA USA
| | - Vasudha Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143 CA USA
| | - Martha R. Stampfer
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA, 94720 USA
| | - Zev J. Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143 CA USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, and
University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, 94720 CA USA
| | - Mark A. LaBarge
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, 91010 CA USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA, 94720 USA
| | - Lydia L. Sohn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720-1740 CA USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, and
University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, 94720 CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Habibi R, Devendran C, Neild A. Trapping and patterning of large particles and cells in a 1D ultrasonic standing wave. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3279-3290. [PMID: 28840206 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00640c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of ultrasound for trapping and patterning particles or cells in microfluidic systems is usually confined to particles which are considerably smaller than the acoustic wavelength. In this regime, the primary forces result in particle clustering at certain locations in the sound field, whilst secondary forces, those arising due to particle-particle interaction forces, assist this clustering process. Using a wavelength closer to the size of the particles allows one particle to be held at each primary force minimum. However, to achieve this, the influence of secondary forces needs to be carefully studied, as inter-particle attraction is highly undesirable. Here, we study the effect of particle size and material properties on both the primary and secondary acoustic forces as the particle diameter is increased towards the wavelength of the 1-dimensional axisymmetric ultrasonic field. We show that the resonance frequencies of the solid sphere have an important role in the resulting secondary forces which leads to a narrow band of frequencies that allow the patterning of large particles in a 1-D array. Knowledge regarding the naturally existent secondary forces would allow for system designs enabling single cell studies to be conducted in a biologically safe manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhollah Habibi
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Phillip JM, Wu PH, Gilkes DM, Williams W, McGovern S, Daya J, Chen J, Aifuwa I, Lee JSH, Fan R, Walston J, Wirtz D. Biophysical and biomolecular determination of cellular age in humans. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1. [PMID: 31372309 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ageing research has focused either on assessing organ- and tissue-based changes, such as lung capacity and cardiac function, or on changes at the molecular scale such as gene expression, epigenetic modifications and metabolism. Here, by using a cohort of 32 samples of primary dermal fibroblasts collected from individuals between 2 and 96 years of age, we show that the degradation of functional cellular biophysical features-including cell mechanics, traction strength, morphology and migratory potential-and associated descriptors of cellular heterogeneity predict cellular age with higher accuracy than conventional biomolecular markers. We also demonstrate the use of high-throughput single-cell technologies, together with a deterministic model based on cellular features, to compute the cellular age of apparently healthy males and females, and to explore these relationships in cells from individuals with Werner syndrome and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, two rare genetic conditions that result in phenotypes that show aspects of premature ageing. Our findings suggest that the quantification of cellular age may be used to stratify individuals on the basis of cellular phenotypes and serve as a biological proxy of healthspan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jude M Phillip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Daniele M Gilkes
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Wadsworth Williams
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Shaun McGovern
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Jena Daya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Jonathan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Ivie Aifuwa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Jerry S H Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, Office of the Director, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Quan FS, Kim KS. Medical applications of the intrinsic mechanical properties of single cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:865-871. [PMID: 27542404 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of single cells have been recently identified as the basis of an emerging approach in medical applications because they are closely related to the biological processes of cells and, ultimately, human health conditions. In this article, we provide a brief review of the intrinsic mechanical properties of single cells related to cancer and aging. The mechanical properties can be used as biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis because cancer cells have a lower Young's modulus, indicating higher elasticity or softness than their counterpart normal cells. The metastatic potential of cancer cells is inversely correlated with their elastic properties. Aging induces stiffness through an increased amount of cytoskeletal fiber. Changes in the mechanical properties also show potential for drug screening. Although there are several challenges to be met before clinical applications can be made, such mechanical properties of single cells may provide new approaches to human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-710, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Effect of Porphyrin Sensitizer MgTPPS4 on Cytoskeletal System of HeLa Cell Line-Microscopic Study. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:419-25. [PMID: 27324041 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins are an important group of sensitizers with a porphyrin skeleton. Their photophysical properties are significantly affected by the nature of the central ion. In this work, we focus on the mechanical properties of a cervix carcinoma cell line which underwent photodynamic treatment (PDT) with MgTPPS4 photosensitzer. Atomic force microscopy alongside confocal microscopy was used to quantify and qualify the structural characteristics before and after PDT. Cells before PDT showed a fine actin network and higher elasticity with the median of Young modulus 12.2 kPa. After PDT, the median of Young modulus was 13.4 kPa and a large redistribution in the actin network was observed.
Collapse
|
35
|
Tzounakas VL, Kriebardis AG, Papassideri IS, Antonelou MH. Donor-variation effect on red blood cell storage lesion: A close relationship emerges. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:791-804. [PMID: 27095294 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the molecular pathways leading to the progressive deterioration of stored red blood cells (RBC storage lesion) and the clinical relevance of storage-induced changes remain uncertain, substantial donor-specific variability in RBC performance during storage, and posttransfusion has been established ("donor-variation effect"). In-bag hemolysis and numerous properties of the RBC units that may affect transfusion efficacy have proved to be strongly donor-specific. Donor-variation effect may lead to the production of highly unequal blood labile products even when similar storage strategy and duration are applied. Genetic, undiagnosed/subclinical medical conditions and lifestyle factors that affect RBC characteristics at baseline, including RBC lifespan, energy metabolism, and sensitivity to oxidative stress, are all likely to influence the storage capacity of individual donors' cells, although not evident by the donor's health or hematological status at blood donation. Consequently, baseline characteristics of the donors, such as membrane peroxiredoxin-2 and serum uric acid concentration, have been proposed as candidate biomarkers of storage quality. This review article focuses on specific factors that might contribute to the donor-variation effect and emphasizes the emerging need for using omics-based technologies in association with in vitro and in vivo transfusion models and clinical trials to discover biomarkers of storage quality and posttransfusion recovery in donor blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis L Tzounakas
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, NKUA, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios G Kriebardis
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, Technological and Educational Institute of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Marianna H Antonelou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, NKUA, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Czapla Z, McPhail SM. Electrophoretic mobility of cell nuclei (EMN index) as a biomarker of the biological aging process: Considering the association between EMN index and age. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2015; 66:549-60. [PMID: 26433343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined whether a specific property of cell microstructures may be useful as a biomarker of aging. Specifically, the association between age and changes of cellular structures reflected in electrophoretic mobility of cell nuclei index (EMN index) values across the adult lifespan was examined. This report considers findings from cross sections of females (n=1273) aged 18-98 years, and males (n=506) aged 19-93 years. A Biotest apparatus was used to perform intracellular microelectrophoresis on buccal epithelial cells collected from each individual. EMN index was calculated on the basis of the number of epithelial cells with mobile nuclei in reference to the cells with immobile nuclei per 100cells. Regression analyses indicated a significant negative association between EMN index value and age for men (r=-0.71, p<0.001) and women (r=-0.60, p<0.001); demonstrating a key requirement that must be met by a biomarker of aging. The strength of association observed between EMN index and age for both men and women was encouraging and supports the potential use of EMN index for determining a biological age of an individual (or a group). In this study, a new attempt of complex explanation of cellular mechanisms contributing to age related changes of the EMN index was made. In this study, a new attempt of complex explanation of cellular mechanisms contributing to age related changes of the EMN index was made. EMN index has demonstrated potential to meet criteria proposed for biomarkers of aging and further investigations are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Czapla
- Department of Human Developmental Biology, Institute of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań 61-614, Poland.
| | - S M McPhail
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Public Health & Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Health, Cnr of Ipswich Road and Cornwall Street, Buranda, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Traditionally, cell analysis has focused on using molecular biomarkers for basic research, cell preparation, and clinical diagnostics; however, new microtechnologies are enabling evaluation of the mechanical properties of cells at throughputs that make them amenable to widespread use. We review the current understanding of how the mechanical characteristics of cells relate to underlying molecular and architectural changes, describe how these changes evolve with cell-state and disease processes, and propose promising biomedical applications that will be facilitated by the increased throughput of mechanical testing: from diagnosing cancer and monitoring immune states to preparing cells for regenerative medicine. We provide background about techniques that laid the groundwork for the quantitative understanding of cell mechanics and discuss current efforts to develop robust techniques for rapid analysis that aim to implement mechanophenotyping as a routine tool in biomedicine. Looking forward, we describe additional milestones that will facilitate broad adoption, as well as new directions not only in mechanically assessing cells but also in perturbing them to passively engineer cell state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Darling
- Center for Biomedical Engineering.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology.,Department of Orthopaedics, and.,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912;
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering.,California NanoSystems Institute, and.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Aging is a complex, multifaceted process that induces a myriad of physiological changes over an extended period of time. Aging is accompanied by major biochemical and biomechanical changes at macroscopic and microscopic length scales that affect not only tissues and organs but also cells and subcellular organelles. These changes include transcriptional and epigenetic modifications; changes in energy production within mitochondria; and alterations in the overall mechanics of cells, their nuclei, and their surrounding extracellular matrix. In addition, aging influences the ability of cells to sense changes in extracellular-matrix compliance (mechanosensation) and to transduce these changes into biochemical signals (mechanotransduction). Moreover, following a complex positive-feedback loop, aging is accompanied by changes in the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix, resulting in changes in the mechanics of connective tissues in older individuals. Consequently, these progressive dysfunctions facilitate many human pathologies and deficits that are associated with aging, including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative disorders and diseases. Here, we critically review recent work highlighting some of the primary biophysical changes occurring in cells and tissues that accompany the aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jude M Phillip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
| | - Ivie Aifuwa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang Z, Hao F, Ding C, Yang Z, Shang P. Effects of static magnetic field on cell biomechanical property and membrane ultrastructure. Bioelectromagnetics 2014; 35:251-61. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology; Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics; School of Life Sciences; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Fengtao Hao
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology; Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics; School of Life Sciences; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Ding
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology; Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics; School of Life Sciences; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouqi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology; Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics; School of Life Sciences; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Shang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology; Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics; School of Life Sciences; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Changes in the stiffness of human mesenchymal stem cells with the progress of cell death as measured by atomic force microscopy. J Biomech 2014; 47:625-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
41
|
Wang FW, Zhao F, Qian XY, Yu ZZ, Zhao J, Su L, Zhang Y, Zhang SL, Zhao BX, Miao JY. Identification of a small molecule preventing BMSC senescence in vitro by improving intracellular homeostasis via ANXA7 and Hmbox1. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABO was discovered to be a novel anti-aging chemical in cultured BMSCs by improving intracellular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Wu Wang
- Institute of Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Institute of Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Yang Qian
- Institute of Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Yu
- Institute of Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Le Su
- Institute of Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research
- Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital
- Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Li Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Ying Miao
- Institute of Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Influence of Plasmodium vivax malaria on the relations between the osmotic stability of human erythrocyte membrane and hematological and biochemical variables. Parasitol Res 2013; 113:863-74. [PMID: 24322291 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of infection by Plasmodium vivax on the relations between hematological and biochemical variables and the osmotic stability of the erythrocyte membrane in a Brazilian Amazon population. A total of 72 patients with P. vivax malaria were included in the study and invited to return after 14 days, post-treatment with chloroquine and primaquine, for clinical and laboratorial reevaluations. The osmotic stability of the erythrocyte membrane was analyzed by nonlinear regression of the dependency of the absorbance of hemoglobin, released with hemolysis, as a function of the salt concentration, and it was represented by the inverse of the salt concentration at the midpoint of the curve (1/H 50) and by the variation of salt concentration, which promotes lysis (dX). Bivariate and multivariate methods were used in the analysis of the results. Prior to treatment of the disease, the erythrocytes showed greater stability, probably due to the natural selection of young and also more stable erythrocytes. The bivariate analysis showed that 1/H 50 was positively correlated with red cell distribution width (RDW), urea, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol, but negatively associated with albumin, HDL-cholesterol, and indirect bilirubin, while dX was negatively associated with the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. These associations were confirmed by canonical correlation analysis. Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that albumin, urea, triglycerides, and VLDL-cholesterol are the variables with the highest abilities of predicting erythrocyte stability. The bivariate analysis also showed that the hematological index RDW was related to elevated levels of bilirubin and decreased levels of albumin and urea, associated with liver damage resulting from malaria.
Collapse
|
43
|
de Freitas MV, Marquez-Bernardes LF, de Arvelos LR, Paraíso LF, Gonçalves e Oliveira AFM, Mascarenhas Netto RDC, Neto MB, Garrote-Filho MS, de Souza PCA, Penha-Silva N. Influence of age on the correlations of hematological and biochemical variables with the stability of erythrocyte membrane in relation to sodium dodecyl sulfate. Hematology 2013; 19:424-30. [DOI: 10.1179/1607845413y.0000000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana V. de Freitas
- Institute of Genetics and BiochemistryFederal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia R. de Arvelos
- Institute of Genetics and BiochemistryFederal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Lara F. Paraíso
- Institute of Genetics and BiochemistryFederal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Morun Bernardino Neto
- Institute of Genetics and BiochemistryFederal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mario S. Garrote-Filho
- Institute of Genetics and BiochemistryFederal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo César A. de Souza
- Institute of Genetics and BiochemistryFederal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Nilson Penha-Silva
- Institute of Genetics and BiochemistryFederal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xue F, Lennon AB, McKayed KK, Campbell VA, Prendergast PJ. Effect of membrane stiffness and cytoskeletal element density on mechanical stimuli within cells: an analysis of the consequences of ageing in cells. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2013; 18:468-76. [PMID: 23947334 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2013.811234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A finite element model of a single cell was created and used to compute the biophysical stimuli generated within a cell under mechanical loading. Major cellular components were incorporated in the model: the membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, microtubules, actin filaments, intermediate filaments, nuclear lamina and chromatin. The model used multiple sets of tensegrity structures. Viscoelastic properties were assigned to the continuum components. To corroborate the model, a simulation of atomic force microscopy indentation was performed and results showed a force/indentation simulation with the range of experimental results. A parametric analysis of both increasing membrane stiffness (thereby modelling membrane peroxidation with age) and decreasing density of cytoskeletal elements (thereby modelling reduced actin density with age) was performed. Comparing normal and aged cells under indentation predicts that aged cells have a lower membrane area subjected to high strain as compared with young cells, but the difference, surprisingly, is very small and may not be measurable experimentally. Ageing is predicted to have a more significant effect on strain deep in the nucleus. These results show that computation of biophysical stimuli within cells are achievable with single-cell computational models; correspondence between computed and measured force/displacement behaviours provides a high-level validation of the model. Regarding the effect of ageing, the models suggest only small, although possibly physiologically significant, differences in internal biophysical stimuli between normal and aged cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xue
- a Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Efremov YM, Dokrunova AA, Bagrov DV, Kudryashova KS, Sokolova OS, Shaitan KV. The effects of confluency on cell mechanical properties. J Biomech 2013; 46:1081-7. [PMID: 23453395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of cells depend on various external and internal factors, like substrate stiffness and surface modifications, cell ageing and disease state. Some other currently unknown factors may exist. In this study we used force spectroscopy by AFM, confocal microscopy and flow cytometry to investigate the difference between single non-confluent and confluent (in monolayer) Vero cells. In all cases the stiffness values were fitted by log-normal rather than normal distribution. Log-normal distribution was also found for an amount of cortical actin in cells by flow cytometry. Cells in the monolayer were characterized by a significantly lower (1.4-1.7 times) Young's modulus and amount of cortical actin than in either of the single non-confluent cells or cells migrating in the experimental wound. Young's modulus as a function of indentation speed followed a weak power law for all the studied cell states, while the value of the exponent was higher for cells growing in monolayer. These results show that intercellular contacts and cell motile state significantly influence the cell mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu M Efremov
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Bioengineering, Leninskie Gory, 1/73, 111991 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen J, Lu G. Finite element modelling of nanoindentation based methods for mechanical properties of cells. J Biomech 2012; 45:2810-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
47
|
Measuring the elastic properties of living cells through the analysis of current-displacement curves in scanning ion conductance microscopy. Pflugers Arch 2012; 464:307-16. [PMID: 22744227 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of mechanical properties of living cells is essential to understand their physiological and pathological conditions. To measure local cellular elasticity, scanning probe techniques have been increasingly employed. In particular, non-contact scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) has been used for this purpose; thanks to the application of a hydrostatic pressure via the SICM pipette. However, the measurement of sample deformations induced by weak pressures at a short distance has not yet been carried out. A direct quantification of the applied pressure has not been also achieved up to now. These two issues are highly relevant, especially when one addresses the investigation of thin cell regions. In this paper, we present an approach to solve these problems based on the use of a setup integrating SICM, atomic force microscopy, and optical microscopy. In particular, we describe how we can directly image the pipette aperture in situ. Additionally, we can measure the force induced by a constant hydrostatic pressure applied via the pipette over the entire probe-sample distance range from a remote point to contact. Then, we demonstrate that the sample deformation induced by an external pressure applied to the pipette can be indirectly and reliably evaluated from the analysis of the current-displacement curves. This method allows us to measure the linear relationship between indentation and applied pressure on uniformly deformable elastomers of known Young's modulus. Finally, we apply the method to murine fibroblasts and we show that it is sensitive to local and temporally induced variations of the cell surface elasticity.
Collapse
|
48
|
Kobiela T, Lelen-Kaminska K, Stepulak M, Lekka M, Malejczyk M, Arct J, Majewski S. The influence of surfactants and hydrolyzed proteins on keratinocytes viability and elasticity. Skin Res Technol 2012; 19:e200-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2012.00628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kobiela
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Warszawa; Poland
| | | | | | - Malgorzata Lekka
- The H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Krakow; Poland
| | - Magdalena Malejczyk
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology; Medical University of Warsaw; Warszawa; Poland
| | - Jacek Arct
- Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care; Warszawa; Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Heu C, Berquand A, Elie-Caille C, Nicod L. Glyphosate-induced stiffening of HaCaT keratinocytes, a Peak Force Tapping study on living cells. J Struct Biol 2012; 178:1-7. [PMID: 22369932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the first physiological barrier, with a complex constitution, that provides defensive functions against multiple physical and chemical aggressions. Glyphosate is an extensively used herbicide that has been shown to increase the risk of cancer. Moreover there is increasing evidence suggesting that the mechanical phenotype plays an important role in malignant transformation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has emerged within the last decade as a powerful tool for providing a nanometer-scale resolution imaging of biological samples. Peak Force Tapping (PFT) is a newly released AFM-based investigation technique allowing extraction of chemical and mechanical properties from a wide range of samples at a relatively high speed and a high resolution. The present work uses the PFT technology to investigate HaCaT keratinocytes, a human epidermal cell line, and offers an original approach to study chemically-induced changes in the cellular mechanical properties under near-physiological conditions. These experiments indicate glyphosate induces cell membrane stiffening, and the appearance of cytoskeleton structures at a subcellular level, for low cytotoxic concentrations whereas cells exposed to IC50 (inhibitory concentration 50%) treatment exhibit control-like mechanical behavior despite obvious membrane damages. Quercetin, a well-known antioxidant, reverses the glyphosate-induced mechanical phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celine Heu
- University of Franche-Comte, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, EA4268, FED4234, UFR des Sciences Medicales & Pharmaceutiques, 19 rue Ambroise Pare, 25030 Besancon cedex, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Keefer CL, Desai JP. Mechanical phenotyping of stem cells. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1426-30. [PMID: 21295841 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Elasticity and visco-elasticity are mechanical properties of cells which directly reflect cellular composition, internal structure (cytoskeleton), and external interactions (cell-cell and/or cell-surface). A variety of techniques involving probing, pulling, or deforming cells have been used to characterize these mechanical properties. With continuing advances in the technology, it may be possible to establish mechanical phenotypes that can be used to identify cells at specific points of differentiation and dedifferentiation with direct applications to regenerative medicine, therapeutics, and diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol L Keefer
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|