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Liu K, Zhou Y, Song X, Zeng J, Wang Z, Wang Z, Zhang H, Xu J, Li W, Gong Z, Wang M, Liu B, Xiao N, Liu K. Baicalin attenuates neuronal damage associated with SDH activation and PDK2-PDH axis dysfunction in early reperfusion. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155570. [PMID: 38579645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy deficiency and oxidative stress are interconnected during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and serve as potential targets for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke. Baicalin is a neuroprotective antioxidant, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully revealed. PURPOSE This study explored whether and how baicalin rescued neurons against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) attack by focusing on the regulation of neuronal pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2)-pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) axis implicated with succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-mediated oxidative stress. STUDY DESIGN The effect of the tested drug was explored in vitro and in vivo with the model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R), respectively. METHODS Neuronal damage was evaluated according to cell viability, infarct area, and Nissl staining. Protein levels were measured by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Gene expression was investigated by RT-qPCR. Mitochondrial status was also estimated by fluorescence probe labeling. RESULTS SDH activation-induced excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) changed the protein expression of Lon protease 1 (LonP1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1ɑ (HIF-1ɑ) in the early stage of I/R, leading to an upregulation of PDK2 and a decrease in PDH activity in neurons and cerebral cortices. Treatment with baicalin prevented these alterations and ameliorated neuronal ATP production and survival. CONCLUSION Baicalin improves the function of the neuronal PDK2-PDH axis via suppression of SDH-mediated oxidative stress, revealing a new signaling pathway as a promising target under I/R conditions and the potential role of baicalin in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Xianrui Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Jiahan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Zhuqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jiaxing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Zixuan Gong
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Na Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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Ouyang KW, Wang TT, Wang H, Luo YX, Hu YF, Zheng XM, Ling Q, Wang KW, Xiong YW, Zhang J, Chang W, Zhang YF, Yuan Z, Li H, Gao L, Xu DX, Zhu HL, Yang L, Wang H. m6A-methylated Lonp1 drives mitochondrial proteostasis stress to induce testicular pyroptosis upon environmental cadmium exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172938. [PMID: 38703850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widely distributed typical environmental pollutant and one of the most toxic heavy metals. It is well-known that environmental Cd causes testicular damage by inducing classic types of cell death such as cell apoptosis and necrosis. However, as a new type of cell death, the role and mechanism of pyroptosis in Cd-induced testicular injury remain unclear. In the current study, we used environmental Cd to generate a murine model with testicular injury and AIM2-dependent pyroptosis. Based on the model, we found that increased cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), activated mitochondrial proteostasis stress occurred in Cd-exposed testes. We used ethidium bromide to generate mtDNA-deficient testicular germ cells and further confirmed that increased cytoplasmic mtDNA promoted AIM2-dependent pyroptosis in Cd-exposed cells. Uracil-DNA glycosylase UNG1 overexpression indicated that environmental Cd blocked UNG-dependent repairment of damaged mtDNA to drive the process in which mtDNA releases to cytoplasm in the cells. Interestingly, we found that environmental Cd activated mitochondrial proteostasis stress by up-regulating protein expression of LONP1 in testes. Testicular specific LONP1-knockdown significantly reversed Cd-induced UNG1 protein degradation and AIM2-dependent pyroptosis in mouse testes. In addition, environmental Cd significantly enhanced the m6A modification of Lonp1 mRNA and its stability in testicular germ cells. Knockdown of IGF2BP1, a reader of m6A modification, reversed Cd-induced upregulation of LONP1 protein expression and pyroptosis activation in testicular germ cells. Collectively, environmental Cd induces m6A modification of Lonp1 mRNA to activate mitochondrial proteostasis stress, increase cytoplasmic mtDNA content, and trigger AIM2-dependent pyroptosis in mouse testes. These findings suggest that mitochondrial proteostasis stress is a potential target for the prevention of testicular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong-Wen Ouyang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Ye-Xin Luo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yi-Fan Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Xin-Mei Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Qing Ling
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Kai-Wen Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yong-Wei Xiong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of The People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Zhi Yuan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of The People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of The People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hua-Long Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of The People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of The People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Dong YN, Mercado-Ayón E, Coulman J, Flatley L, Ngaba LV, Adeshina MW, Lynch DR. The Regulation of the Disease-Causing Gene FXN. Cells 2024; 13:1040. [PMID: 38920668 PMCID: PMC11202134 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused in almost all patients by expanded guanine-adenine-adenine (GAA) trinucleotide repeats within intron 1 of the FXN gene. This results in a relative deficiency of frataxin, a small nucleus-encoded mitochondrial protein crucial for iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. Currently, there is only one medication, omaveloxolone, available for FRDA patients, and it is limited to patients 16 years of age and older. This necessitates the development of new medications. Frataxin restoration is one of the main strategies in potential treatment options as it addresses the root cause of the disease. Comprehending the control of frataxin at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational stages could offer potential therapeutic approaches for addressing the illness. This review aims to provide a general overview of the regulation of frataxin and its implications for a possible therapeutic treatment of FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Na Dong
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Coulman
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Liam Flatley
- The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lucie Vanessa Ngaba
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Miniat W. Adeshina
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David R. Lynch
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Osiewacz HD. Impact of Mitochondrial Architecture, Function, Redox Homeostasis, and Quality Control on Organismic Aging: Lessons from a Fungal Model System. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:948-967. [PMID: 38019044 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondria are eukaryotic organelles with various essential functions. They are both the source and the targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Different branches of a mitochondrial quality control system (mQCS), such as ROS balancing, degradation of damaged proteins, or whole mitochondria, can mitigate the adverse effects of ROS stress. However, the capacity of mQCS is limited. Overwhelming this capacity leads to dysfunctions and aging. Strategies to interfere into mitochondria-dependent human aging with the aim to increase the healthy period of life, the health span, rely on the precise knowledge of mitochondrial functions. Experimental models such as Podospora anserina, a filamentous fungus with a clear mitochondrial aging etiology, proved to be instrumental to reach this goal. Recent Advances: Investigations of the P. anserina mQCS revealed that it is constituted by a complex network of different branches. Moreover, mitochondrial architecture and lipid homeostasis emerged to affect aging. Critical Issues: The regulation of the mQCS is only incompletely understood. Details about the involved signaling molecules and interacting pathways remain to be elucidated. Moreover, most of the currently generated experimental data were generated in well-controlled experiments that do not reflect the constantly changing natural life conditions and bear the danger to miss relevant aspects leading to incorrect conclusions. Future Directions: In P. anserina, the precise impact of redox signaling as well as of molecular damaging for aging remains to be defined. Moreover, natural fluctuation of environmental conditions needs to be considered to generate a realistic picture of aging mechanisms as they developed during evolution.
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Lu HJ, Koju N, Sheng R. Mammalian integrated stress responses in stressed organelles and their functions. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1095-1114. [PMID: 38267546 PMCID: PMC11130345 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) triggered in response to various cellular stress enables mammalian cells to effectively cope with diverse stressful conditions while maintaining their normal functions. Four kinases (PERK, PKR, GCN2, and HRI) of ISR regulate ISR signaling and intracellular protein translation via mediating the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 α (eIF2α) at Ser51. Early ISR creates an opportunity for cells to repair themselves and restore homeostasis. This effect, however, is reversed in the late stages of ISR. Currently, some studies have shown the non-negligible impact of ISR on diseases such as ischemic diseases, cognitive impairment, metabolic syndrome, cancer, vanishing white matter, etc. Hence, artificial regulation of ISR and its signaling with ISR modulators becomes a promising therapeutic strategy for relieving disease symptoms and improving clinical outcomes. Here, we provide an overview of the essential mechanisms of ISR and describe the ISR-related pathways in organelles including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Meanwhile, the regulatory effects of ISR modulators and their potential application in various diseases are also enumerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Nirmala Koju
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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6
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Garger D, Meinel M, Dietl T, Hillig C, Garzorz‐Stark N, Eyerich K, de Angelis MH, Eyerich S, Menden MP. The impact of the cardiovascular component and somatic mutations on ageing. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13957. [PMID: 37608601 PMCID: PMC10577550 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic insight into ageing may empower prolonging the lifespan of humans; however, a complete understanding of this process is still lacking despite a plethora of ageing theories. In order to address this, we investigated the association of lifespan with eight phenotypic traits, that is, litter size, body mass, female and male sexual maturity, somatic mutation, heart, respiratory, and metabolic rate. In support of the somatic mutation theory, we analysed 15 mammalian species and their whole-genome sequencing deriving somatic mutation rate, which displayed the strongest negative correlation with lifespan. All remaining phenotypic traits showed almost equivalent strong associations across this mammalian cohort, however, resting heart rate explained additional variance in lifespan. Integrating somatic mutation and resting heart rate boosted the prediction of lifespan, thus highlighting that resting heart rate may either directly influence lifespan, or represents an epiphenomenon for additional lower-level mechanisms, for example, metabolic rate, that are associated with lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garger
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Faculty of BiologyLudwig Maximilian UniversityMartinsriedGermany
| | - Martin Meinel
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Faculty of BiologyLudwig Maximilian UniversityMartinsriedGermany
- Department of Dermatology and AllergyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Tamina Dietl
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Faculty of BiologyLudwig Maximilian UniversityMartinsriedGermany
| | - Christina Hillig
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Department of MathematicsTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Natalie Garzorz‐Stark
- Department of Dermatology and AllergyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine Solna, and Center for molecular medicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Kilian Eyerich
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine Solna, and Center for molecular medicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical SchoolUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental GeneticsHelmholtz MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University MunichFreisingGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Stefanie Eyerich
- Center for Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Technical University MunichMunichGermany
- Institute for Allergy ResearchHelmholtz Munich, NeuherbergNeuherbergGermany
| | - Michael P. Menden
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Faculty of BiologyLudwig Maximilian UniversityMartinsriedGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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Li K, Bian J, Xiao Y, Wang D, Han L, He C, Gong L, Wang M. Changes in Pancreatic Senescence Mediate Pancreatic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043513. [PMID: 36834922 PMCID: PMC9962587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in age-related diseases due to the improvement in life expectancy worldwide. The pancreas undergoes various morphological and pathological changes with aging, such as pancreatic atrophy, fatty degeneration, fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and exocrine pancreatic metaplasia. Meanwhile, these may predispose the individuals to aging-related diseases, such as diabetes, dyspepsia, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and pancreatitis, as the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas are significantly affected by aging. Pancreatic senescence is associated with various underlying factors including genetic damage, DNA methylation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. This paper reviews the alternations of morphologies and functions in the aging pancreas, especially β-cells, closely related to insulin secretion. Finally, we summarize the mechanisms of pancreatic senescence to provide potential targets for treating pancreatic aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ji Bian
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Da Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lin Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Caian He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.W.)
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Bai M, Wu M, Jiang M, He J, Deng X, Xu S, Fan J, Miao M, Wang T, Li Y, Yu X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Huang S, Yang L, Jia Z, Zhang A. LONP1 targets HMGCS2 to protect mitochondrial function and attenuate chronic kidney disease. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16581. [PMID: 36629048 PMCID: PMC9906428 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria comprise the central metabolic hub of cells and their imbalance plays a pathogenic role in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we studied Lon protease 1 (LONP1), a major mitochondrial protease, as its role in CKD pathogenesis is unclear. LONP1 expression was decreased in human patients and mice with CKD, and tubular-specific Lonp1 overexpression mitigated renal injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in two different models of CKD, but these outcomes were aggravated by Lonp1 deletion. These results were confirmed in renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro. Mechanistically, LONP1 downregulation caused mitochondrial accumulation of the LONP1 substrate, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), which disrupted mitochondrial function and further accelerated CKD progression. Finally, computer-aided virtual screening was performed, which identified a novel LONP1 activator. Pharmacologically, the LONP1 activator attenuated renal fibrosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, these results imply that LONP1 is a promising therapeutic target for treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Bai
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mengqiu Wu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mingzhu Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jia He
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xu Deng
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiaojiao Fan
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mengqiu Miao
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug EvaluationYantai UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Li Yang
- Renal DivisionPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Hackett PT, Jia X, Li L, Ward DM. Posttranslational regulation of mitochondrial frataxin and identification of compounds that increase frataxin levels in Friedreich's ataxia. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101982. [PMID: 35472330 PMCID: PMC9127368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a degenerative disease caused by a decrease in the mitochondrial protein frataxin (Fxn), which is involved in iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) synthesis. Diminutions in Fxn result in decreased ISC synthesis, increased mitochondrial iron accumulation, and impaired mitochondrial function. Here, we show that conditions that result in increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in yeast or mammalian cell culture give rise to increased turnover of Fxn but not of other ISC synthesis proteins. We demonstrate that the mitochondrial Lon protease is involved in Fxn degradation and that iron export through the mitochondrial metal transporter Mmt1 protects yeast Fxn from degradation. We also determined that when FRDA fibroblasts were grown in media containing elevated iron, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species increased and Fxn decreased compared to WT fibroblasts. Furthermore, we screened a library of FDA-approved compounds and identified 38 compounds that increased yeast Fxn levels, including the azole bifonazole, antiparasitic fipronil, antitumor compound dibenzoylmethane, antihypertensive 4-hydroxychalcone, and a nonspecific anion channel inhibitor 4,4-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2-sulfonic acid. We show that top hits 4-hydroxychalcone and dibenzoylmethane increased mRNA levels of transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in FRDA patient-derived fibroblasts, as well as downstream antioxidant targets thioredoxin, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase 2. Taken together, these findings reveal that FRDA progression may be in part due to oxidant-mediated decreases in Fxn and that some approved compounds may be effective in increasing mitochondrial Fxn in FRDA, delaying disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Hackett
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Xuan Jia
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Liangtao Li
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Diane M Ward
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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10
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Amorim JA, Coppotelli G, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Ross JM, Sinclair DA. Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:243-258. [PMID: 35145250 PMCID: PMC9059418 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organismal ageing is accompanied by progressive loss of cellular function and systemic deterioration of multiple tissues, leading to impaired function and increased vulnerability to death. Mitochondria have become recognized not merely as being energy suppliers but also as having an essential role in the development of diseases associated with ageing, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that ageing and age-related diseases are tightly related to an energy supply and demand imbalance, which might be alleviated by a variety of interventions, including physical activity and calorie restriction, as well as naturally occurring molecules targeting conserved longevity pathways. Here, we review key historical advances and progress from the past few years in our understanding of the role of mitochondria in ageing and age-related metabolic diseases. We also highlight emerging scientific innovations using mitochondria-targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A Amorim
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Coppotelli
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jaime M Ross
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Lon upregulation contributes to cisplatin resistance by triggering NCLX-mediated mitochondrial Ca 2+ release in cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:241. [PMID: 35296653 PMCID: PMC8927349 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the major organelles in sensing cellular stress and inducing the response for cell survival. Mitochondrial Lon has been identified as an important stress protein involved in regulating proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the mechanism of retrograde signaling by Lon on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage remains to be elucidated. Here we report the role of Lon in the response to cisplatin-induced mtDNA damage and oxidative stress, which confers cancer cells on cisplatin resistance via modulating calcium levels in mitochondria and cytosol. First, we found that cisplatin treatment on oral cancer cells caused oxidative damage of mtDNA and induced Lon expression. Lon overexpression in cancer cells decreased while Lon knockdown sensitized the cytotoxicity towards cisplatin treatment. We further identified that cisplatin-induced Lon activates the PYK2-SRC-STAT3 pathway to stimulate Bcl-2 and IL-6 expression, leading to the cytotoxicity resistance to cisplatin. Intriguingly, we found that activation of this pathway is through an increase of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) via NCLX, a mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. We then verified that NCLX expression is dependent on Lon levels; Lon interacts with and activates NCLX activity. NCLX inhibition increased the level of mitochondrial calcium and sensitized the cytotoxicity to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. In summary, mitochondrial Lon-induced cisplatin resistance is mediated by calcium release into cytosol through NCLX, which activates calcium-dependent PYK2-SRC-STAT3-IL-6 pathway. Thus, our work uncovers the novel retrograde signaling by mitochondrial Lon on resistance to cisplatin-induced mtDNA stress, indicating the potential use of Lon and NCLX inhibitors for better clinical outcomes in chemoresistant cancer patients.
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12
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Khan YA, White KI, Brunger AT. The AAA+ superfamily: a review of the structural and mechanistic principles of these molecular machines. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 57:156-187. [PMID: 34632886 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1979460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA+ proteins) are a superfamily of proteins found throughout all domains of life. The hallmark of this family is a conserved AAA+ domain responsible for a diverse range of cellular activities. Typically, AAA+ proteins transduce chemical energy from the hydrolysis of ATP into mechanical energy through conformational change, which can drive a variety of biological processes. AAA+ proteins operate in a variety of cellular contexts with diverse functions including disassembly of SNARE proteins, protein quality control, DNA replication, ribosome assembly, and viral replication. This breadth of function illustrates both the importance of AAA+ proteins in health and disease and emphasizes the importance of understanding conserved mechanisms of chemo-mechanical energy transduction. This review is divided into three major portions. First, the core AAA+ fold is presented. Next, the seven different clades of AAA+ proteins and structural details and reclassification pertaining to proteins in each clade are described. Finally, two well-known AAA+ proteins, NSF and its close relative p97, are reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf A Khan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Photon Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - K Ian White
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Photon Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Axel T Brunger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Photon Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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13
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Weng H, Ma Y, Chen L, Cai G, Chen Z, Zhang S, Ye Q. A New Vision of Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response to the Sirtuin Family. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:613-623. [PMID: 31976838 PMCID: PMC7457425 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200123165002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is involved in many pathophysiological processes, such as tumor development, metabolism, and neurodegenerative diseases. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) is the first stress-protective response initiated by mitochondrial damage, and it repairs or clears misfolded proteins to alleviate this damage. Studies have confirmed that the sirtuin family is essential for the mitochondrial stress response; in particular, SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT7 participate in the mtUPR in different axes. This article summarizes the associations of sirtuins with the mtUPR as well as specific molecular targets related to the mtUPR in different disease models, which will provide new inspiration for studies on mitochondrial stress, mitochondrial function protection, and mitochondria-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Weng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan
Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China,Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China,The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yihong Ma
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan
Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China,Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Guoen Cai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan
Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China,Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhiting Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan
Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China,Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Shaochuan Zhang
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan
Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China,Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
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14
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Chen Z, Huang L, Tso A, Wang S, Fang X, Ouyang K, Han Z. Mitochondrial Chaperones and Proteases in Cardiomyocytes and Heart Failure. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:630332. [PMID: 33937324 PMCID: PMC8082175 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.630332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In cardiomyocytes, mitochondria are not only essential organelles providing more than 90% of the ATP necessary for contraction, but they also play critical roles in regulating intracellular Ca2+ signaling, lipid metabolism, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis. Because mitochondrial DNA only encodes 13 proteins, most mitochondrial proteins are nuclear DNA-encoded, synthesized, and transported from the cytoplasm, refolded in the matrix to function alone or as a part of a complex, and degraded if damaged or incorrectly folded. Mitochondria possess a set of endogenous chaperones and proteases to maintain mitochondrial protein homeostasis. Perturbation of mitochondrial protein homeostasis usually precedes disruption of the whole mitochondrial quality control system and is recognized as one of the hallmarks of cardiomyocyte dysfunction and death. In this review, we focus on mitochondrial chaperones and proteases and summarize recent advances in understanding how these proteins are involved in the initiation and progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zee Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Alexandria Tso
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Alsayyah C, Ozturk O, Cavellini L, Belgareh-Touzé N, Cohen MM. The regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis by the ubiquitin proteasome system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148302. [PMID: 32861697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
From mitochondrial quality control pathways to the regulation of specific functions, the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) could be compared to a Swiss knife without which mitochondria could not maintain its integrity in the cell. Here, we review the mechanisms that the UPS employs to regulate mitochondrial function and efficiency. For this purpose, we depict how Ubiquitin and the Proteasome participate in diverse quality control pathways that safeguard entry into the mitochondrial compartment. A focus is then achieved on the UPS-mediated control of the yeast mitofusin Fzo1 which provides insights into the complex regulation of this particular protein in mitochondrial fusion. We ultimately dissect the mechanisms by which the UPS controls the degradation of mitochondria by autophagy in both mammalian and yeast systems. This organization should offer a useful overview of this abundant but fascinating literature on the crosstalks between mitochondria and the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Alsayyah
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Oznur Ozturk
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Cavellini
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Naïma Belgareh-Touzé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mickael M Cohen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France.
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16
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Huang Z, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species cause major oxidative mitochondrial DNA damages and repair pathways. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Hamon MP, Gergondey R, L'honoré A, Friguet B. Mitochondrial Lon protease - depleted HeLa cells exhibit proteome modifications related to protein quality control, stress response and energy metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 148:83-95. [PMID: 31904544 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-dependent Lon protease is located in the mitochondrial matrix and oxidized proteins are among its primary targets for their degradation. Impairment of mitochondrial morphology and function together with apoptosis were observed in lung fibroblasts depleted for Lon expression while accumulation of carbonylated mitochondrial proteins has been reported for yeast and HeLa Lon deficient cells. In addition, age-related mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with an impairment of Lon expression. Using a HeLa cell line stably transfected with an inducible shRNA directed against Lon, we have previously observed that Lon depletion results in a mild phenotype characterized by an increase of both production of reactive oxygen species and level of oxidized proteins (Bayot et al., 2014, Biochimie, 100: 38-47). In this study using the same cell line, we now show that Lon knockdown leads to modifications of the expression of a number of specific proteins involved in protein quality control, stress response and energy metabolism, as evidenced using a 2D gel-based proteomic approach, and to alteration of the mitochondrial network morphology. We also show that these effects are associated with decreased proliferation and can be modulated by culture conditions in galactose versus glucose containing medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Hamon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biological Adaptation and Aging, B2A-IBPS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Gergondey
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biological Adaptation and Aging, B2A-IBPS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Aurore L'honoré
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biological Adaptation and Aging, B2A-IBPS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biological Adaptation and Aging, B2A-IBPS, F-75005, Paris, France.
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18
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Hamon MP, Ahmed EK, Baraibar MA, Friguet B. Proteome Oxidative Modifications and Impairment of Specific Metabolic Pathways During Cellular Senescence and Aging. Proteomics 2019; 20:e1800421. [PMID: 31507063 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins is a hallmark of organismal aging in vivo and of cellular replicative senescence in vitro. Failure of protein maintenance is a major contributor to the age-associated accumulation of damaged proteins that is believed to participate to the age-related decline in cellular function. In this context, quantitative proteomics approaches, including 2-D gel electrophoresis (2-DE)-based methods, represent powerful tools for monitoring the extent of protein oxidative modifications at the proteome level and for identifying the targeted proteins, also referred as to the "oxi-proteome." Previous studies have identified proteins targeted by oxidative modifications during replicative senescence of human WI-38 fibroblasts and myoblasts and have been shown to represent a restricted set within the total cellular proteome that fall in key functional categories, such as energy metabolism, protein quality control, and cellular morphology. To provide mechanistic support into the role of oxidized proteins in the development of the senescent phenotype, untargeted metabolomic profiling is also performed for young and senescent myoblasts and fibroblasts. Metabolomic profiling is indicative of energy metabolism impairment in both senescent myoblasts and fibroblasts, suggesting a link between oxidative protein modifications and the altered cellular metabolism associated with the senescent phenotype of human myoblasts and fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Hamon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, B2A-IBPS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Emad K Ahmed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Bertrand Friguet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, B2A-IBPS, F-75005, Paris, France
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19
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Wang X, Li S, Liu L, Jian Z, Cui T, Yang Y, Guo S, Yi X, Wang G, Li C, Gao T, Li K. Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway in promoting mitochondrial biogenesis against oxidative damage in human melanocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 96:33-41. [PMID: 31543430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced mitochondrial damage aggravates oxidative stress and activates mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to mediate melanocyte death. However, the repair mechanisms underlying damaged mitochondria of melanocytes remain unclear. Accumulative evidence has revealed that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays a vital role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the AHR signaling pathway could protect human melanocytes from oxidative damage through controlling mitochondrial quality. METHODS We constructed an oxidative stress model of melanocytes with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the human normal melanocyte PIG1 cell line, and detected ROS level, apoptosis, mitochondrial ROS level, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial modulators after co-treatment with AHR ligand or antagonist and H2O2 in the PIG1 cells. RESULTS In the present study, we found that H2O2-induced oxidative stress directly activated the AHR signaling pathway in melanocytes, whereas abnormal activation of AHR signaling pathway enhanced oxidative damage to mitochondria and melanocytes. Further studies showed that the AHR signaling pathway promoted mitochondrial DNA synthesis and ATP production probably by regulating the expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and its downstream targets. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that the AHR signaling pathway might have a major role in protecting melanocytes against oxidative damage via inducing mitochondrial biogenesis, while impaired AHR activation could cause defective repair of mitochondria and exacerbate oxidative damage-induced apoptosis in melanocytes. Our data suggest that the AHR signaling pathway might be a novel mechanism of mitochondrial biogenesis involved in protecting melanocytes from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhe Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Tingting Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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20
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Role of PGC-1α in Mitochondrial Quality Control in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2031-2043. [PMID: 31410709 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As one of the major cell organelles responsible for ATP production, it is important that neurons maintain mitochondria with structural and functional integrity; this is especially true for neurons with high metabolic requirements. When mitochondrial damage occurs, mitochondria are able to maintain a steady state of functioning through molecular and organellar quality control, thus ensuring neuronal function. And when mitochondrial quality control (MQC) fails, mitochondria mediate apoptosis. An apparently key molecule in MQC is the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). Recent findings have demonstrated that upregulation of PGC-1α expression in neurons can modulate MQC to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction in certain in vivo and in vitro aging or neurodegenerative encephalopathy models, such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Because mitochondrial function and quality control disorders are the basis of pathogenesis in almost all neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), the role of PGC-1α may make it a viable entry point for the treatment of such diseases. This review focuses on multi-level MQC in neurons, as well as the regulation of MQC by PGC-1α in these major NDDs.
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21
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Gu C, Li T, Jiang S, Yang Z, Lv J, Yi W, Yang Y, Fang M. AMP-activated protein kinase sparks the fire of cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia and cardiac ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:168-175. [PMID: 30110651 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a pivotal regulator of some endogenous defensive molecules in various pathological processes, particularly myocardial ischemia (MI), a high risk of myocardial infarction. Thereby it is of great significance to explore the inherent mechanism between AMPK and myocardial infarction. In this review, we first introduce the structure and role of AMPK in the heart. Next, we introduce the mechanisms of AMPK in the heart; followed by the energy regulation of AMPK in MI. Lastly, the attention will be expanded to some potential directions and further perspectives. The information compiled here will be helpful for further research and drug design in the future before AMPK might be considered as a therapeutic target of MI.
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22
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Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Type I Endometrial Carcinoma: Exploring Their Role in Oncogenesis and Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072076. [PMID: 30018222 PMCID: PMC6073675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common form of EC, displaying less aggressive behavior than type II. The development of type I endometrial cancer is considered a multistep process, with slow progression from normal endometrium to hyperplasia, the premalignant form, and endometrial cancer as a result of an unopposed estrogenic stimulation. The role of mitochondria in type I EC tumor progression and prognosis is currently emerging. This review aims to explore mitochondrial alterations in this cancer and in endometrial hyperplasia focusing on mitochondrial DNA mutations, respiratory complex I deficiency, and the activation of mitochondrial quality control systems. A deeper understanding of altered mitochondrial pathways in type I EC could provide novel opportunities to discover new diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as potential therapeutic targets.
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Pomatto LCD, Sun PY, Davies KJA. To adapt or not to adapt: Consequences of declining Adaptive Homeostasis and Proteostasis with age. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 177:80-87. [PMID: 29778759 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many consequences of ageing can be broadly attributed to the inability to maintain homeostasis. Multiple markers of ageing have been identified, including loss of protein homeostasis, increased inflammation, and declining metabolism. Although much effort has been focused on characterization of the ageing phenotype, much less is understood about the underlying causes of ageing. To address this gap, we outline the age-associated consequences of dysregulation of 'Adaptive Homeostasis' and its proposed contributing role as an accelerator of the ageing phenotype. Adaptive Homeostasis is a phenomenon, shared across cells and tissues of both simple and complex organisms, that enables the transient plastic expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range to modulate stress-protective systems (such as the Proteasome, the Immunoproteasome, and the Lon protease) in response to varying internal and external environments. The age-related rise in the baseline of stress-protective systems and the inability to increase beyond a physiological ceiling is likely a contributor to the reduction and loss of Adaptive Homeostasis. We propose that dysregulation of Adaptive Homeostasis in the final third of lifespan is a significant factor in the ageing process, while successful maintenance of Adaptive Homeostasis below a physiological ceiling results in extended longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C D Pomatto
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 00089-0191, USA
| | - Patrick Y Sun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 00089-0191, USA
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 00089-0191, USA; Molecular & Computational Biology Program of the Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and sciences, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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24
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In Mitochondria ?-Actin Regulates mtDNA Transcription and Is Required for Mitochondrial Quality Control. iScience 2018; 3:226-237. [PMID: 30428323 PMCID: PMC6137402 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, actin regulates both cytoplasmic and nuclear functions. However, whether actin-based structures are present in the mitochondria and are involved in mitochondrial functions has not been investigated. Here, using wild-type ?-actin +/+ and knockout (KO) ?-actin ?/? mouse embryonic fibroblasts we show evidence for the defect in maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in ?-actin-null cells. MMP defects were associated with impaired mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription and nuclear oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) gene expression. Using super-resolution microscopy we provided direct evidence on the presence of ?-actin-containing structures inside mitochondria. Large aggregates of TFAM-stained nucleoids were observed in bulb-shaped mitochondria in KO cells, suggesting defects in mitochondrial nucleoid segregation without ?-actin. The observation that mitochondria-targeted ?-actin rescued mtDNA transcription and MMP suggests an indispensable functional role of a mitochondrial ?-actin pool necessary for mitochondrial quality control.
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25
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The Role of Free Radicals in Autophagy Regulation: Implications for Ageing. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2450748. [PMID: 29682156 PMCID: PMC5846360 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2450748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, resp.) have been traditionally perceived solely as detrimental, leading to oxidative damage of biological macromolecules and organelles, cellular demise, and ageing. However, recent data suggest that ROS/RNS also plays an integral role in intracellular signalling and redox homeostasis (redoxtasis), which are necessary for the maintenance of cellular functions. There is a complex relationship between cellular ROS/RNS content and autophagy, which represents one of the major quality control systems in the cell. In this review, we focus on redox signalling and autophagy regulation with a special interest on ageing-associated changes. In the last section, we describe the role of autophagy and redox signalling in the context of Alzheimer's disease as an example of a prevalent age-related disorder.
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26
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Amanullah A, Upadhyay A, Joshi V, Mishra R, Jana NR, Mishra A. Progressing neurobiological strategies against proteostasis failure: Challenges in neurodegeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 159:1-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Identification of Physiological Substrates and Binding Partners of the Plant Mitochondrial Protease FTSH4 by the Trapping Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112455. [PMID: 29156584 PMCID: PMC5713422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of functional mitochondria is vital for optimal cell performance and survival. This is accomplished by distinct mechanisms, of which preservation of mitochondrial protein homeostasis fulfills a pivotal role. In plants, inner membrane-embedded i-AAA protease, FTSH4, contributes to the mitochondrial proteome surveillance. Owing to the limited knowledge of FTSH4’s in vivo substrates, very little is known about the pathways and mechanisms directly controlled by this protease. Here, we applied substrate trapping coupled with mass spectrometry-based peptide identification in order to extend the list of FTSH4’s physiological substrates and interaction partners. Our analyses revealed, among several putative targets of FTSH4, novel (mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 4 (MPC4) and Pam18-2) and known (Tim17-2) substrates of this protease. Furthermore, we demonstrate that FTSH4 degrades oxidatively damaged proteins in mitochondria. Our report provides new insights into the function of FTSH4 in the maintenance of plant mitochondrial proteome.
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28
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Oxidised protein metabolism: recent insights. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1165-1175. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The ‘oxygen paradox’ arises from the fact that oxygen, the molecule that aerobic life depends on, threatens its very existence. An oxygen-rich environment provided life on Earth with more efficient bioenergetics and, with it, the challenge of having to deal with a host of oxygen-derived reactive species capable of damaging proteins and other crucial cellular components. In this minireview, we explore recent insights into the metabolism of proteins that have been reversibly or irreversibly damaged by oxygen-derived species. We discuss recent data on the important roles played by the proteasomal and lysosomal systems in the proteolytic degradation of oxidatively damaged proteins and the effects of oxidative damage on the function of the proteolytic pathways themselves. Mitochondria are central to oxygen utilisation in the cell, and their ability to handle oxygen-derived radicals is an important and still emerging area of research. Current knowledge of the proteolytic machinery in the mitochondria, including the ATP-dependent AAA+ proteases and mitochondrial-derived vesicles, is also highlighted in the review. Significant progress is still being made in regard to understanding the mechanisms underlying the detection and degradation of oxidised proteins and how proteolytic pathways interact with each other. Finally, we highlight a few unanswered questions such as the possibility of oxidised amino acids released from oxidised proteins by proteolysis being re-utilised in protein synthesis thus establishing a vicious cycle of oxidation in cells.
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Poletto M, Yang D, Fletcher SC, Vendrell I, Fischer R, Legrand AJ, Dianov GL. Modulation of proteostasis counteracts oxidative stress and affects DNA base excision repair capacity in ATM-deficient cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:10042-10055. [PMID: 28973444 PMCID: PMC5622344 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a syndrome associated with loss of ATM protein function. Neurodegeneration and cancer predisposition, both hallmarks of A-T, are likely to emerge as a consequence of the persistent oxidative stress and DNA damage observed in this disease. Surprisingly however, despite these severe features, a lack of functional ATM is still compatible with early life, suggesting that adaptation mechanisms contributing to cell survival must be in place. Here we address this gap in our knowledge by analysing the process of human fibroblast adaptation to the lack of ATM. We identify profound rearrangement in cellular proteostasis occurring very early on after loss of ATM in order to counter protein damage originating from oxidative stress. Change in proteostasis, however, is not without repercussions. Modulating protein turnover in ATM-depleted cells also has an adverse effect on the DNA base excision repair pathway, the major DNA repair system that deals with oxidative DNA damage. As a consequence, the burden of unrepaired endogenous DNA lesions intensifies, progressively leading to genomic instability. Our study provides a glimpse at the cellular consequences of loss of ATM and highlights a previously overlooked role for proteostasis in maintaining cell survival in the absence of ATM function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Poletto
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
| | - Di Yang
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
| | - Sally C. Fletcher
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
| | - Iolanda Vendrell
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
- TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford OX37FZ, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford OX37FZ, UK
| | - Arnaud J. Legrand
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
| | - Grigory L. Dianov
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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30
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Zorov DB, Popkov VA, Zorova LD, Vorobjev IA, Pevzner IB, Silachev DN, Zorov SD, Jankauskas SS, Babenko VA, Plotnikov EY. Mitochondrial Aging: Is There a Mitochondrial Clock? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1171-1179. [PMID: 27927758 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragmentation (fission) of mitochondria, occurring in response to oxidative challenge, leads to heterogeneity in the mitochondrial population. It is assumed that fission provides a way to segregate mitochondrial content between the "young" and "old" phenotype, with the formation of mitochondrial "garbage," which later will be disposed. Fidelity of this process is the basis of mitochondrial homeostasis, which is disrupted in pathological conditions and aging. The asymmetry of the mitochondrial fission is similar to that of their evolutionary ancestors, bacteria, which also undergo an aging process. It is assumed that mitochondrial markers of aging are recognized by the mitochondrial quality control system, preventing the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, which normally are subjected to disposal. Possibly, oncocytoma, with its abnormal proliferation of mitochondria occupying the entire cytoplasm, represents the case when segregation of damaged mitochondria is impaired during mitochondrial division. It is plausible that mitochondria contain a "clock" which counts the degree of mitochondrial senescence as the extent of flagging (by ubiquitination) of damaged mitochondria. Mitochondrial aging captures the essence of the systemic aging which must be analyzed. We assume that the mitochondrial aging mechanism is similar to the mechanism of aging of the immune system which we discuss in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ivan A Vorobjev
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
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31
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Shi Q, Yang X, Greenhaw JJ, Salminen AT, Russotti GM, Salminen WF. Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Children: Clinical Observations, Animal Models, and Regulatory Status. Int J Toxicol 2017; 36:365-379. [PMID: 28820004 DOI: 10.1177/1091581817721675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury in children (cDILI) accounts for about 1% of all reported adverse drug reactions throughout all age groups, less than 10% of all clinical DILI cases, and around 20% of all acute liver failure cases in children. The overall DILI susceptibility in children has been assumed to be lower than in adults. Nevertheless, controversial evidence is emerging about children's sensitivity to DILI, with children's relative susceptibility to DILI appearing to be highly drug-specific. The culprit drugs in cDILI are similar but not identical to DILI in adults (aDILI). This is demonstrated by recent findings that a drug frequently associated with aDILI (amoxicillin/clavulanate) was rarely associated with cDILI and that the drug basiliximab caused only cDILI but not aDILI. The fatality in reported cDILI studies ranged from 4% to 31%. According to the US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs labels, valproic acid, dactinomycin, and ampicillin appear more likely to cause cDILI. In contrast, deferasirox, isoniazid, dantrolene, and levofloxacin appear more likely to cause aDILI. Animal models have been explored to mimic children's increased susceptibility to valproic acid hepatotoxicity or decreased susceptibility to acetaminophen or halothane hepatotoxicity. However, for most drugs, animal models are not readily available, and the underlying mechanisms for the differential reactions to DILI between children and adults remain highly hypothetical. Diagnosis tools for cDILI are not yet available. A critical need exists to fill the knowledge gaps in cDILI. This review article provides an overview of cDILI and specific drugs associated with cDILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- 1 Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- 1 Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - James J Greenhaw
- 1 Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
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32
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Liang Z, Li T, Jiang S, Xu J, Di W, Yang Z, Hu W, Yang Y. AMPK: a novel target for treating hepatic fibrosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62780-62792. [PMID: 28977988 PMCID: PMC5617548 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common process of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation following inflammatory injury. Fibrosis is involved in the pathogenesis of almost all liver diseases for which there is no effective treatment. 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor that can ameliorate the process of hepatic fibrogenesis. Given the existing evidence, we first introduce the basic background of AMPK and hepatic fibrosis and the actions of AMPK in hepatic fibrosis. Second, we discuss the three phases of hepatic fibrosis and potential drugs that target AMPK. Third, we analyze possible anti-fibrosis mechanisms and other benefits of AMPK on the liver. Finally, we summarize and briefly explain the current objections to targeting AMPK. This review may aid clinical and basic research on AMPK, which may be a novel drug candidate for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wencheng Di
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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33
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Wohlever ML, Mateja A, McGilvray PT, Day KJ, Keenan RJ. Msp1 Is a Membrane Protein Dislocase for Tail-Anchored Proteins. Mol Cell 2017; 67:194-202.e6. [PMID: 28712723 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mislocalized tail-anchored (TA) proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane are cleared by a newly identified quality control pathway involving the conserved eukaryotic protein Msp1 (ATAD1 in humans). Msp1 is a transmembrane AAA-ATPase, but its role in TA protein clearance is not known. Here, using purified components reconstituted into proteoliposomes, we show that Msp1 is both necessary and sufficient to drive the ATP-dependent extraction of TA proteins from the membrane. A crystal structure of the Msp1 cytosolic region modeled into a ring hexamer suggests that active Msp1 contains a conserved membrane-facing surface adjacent to a central pore. Structure-guided mutagenesis of the pore residues shows that they are critical for TA protein extraction in vitro and for functional complementation of an msp1 deletion in yeast. Together, these data provide a molecular framework for Msp1-dependent extraction of mislocalized TA proteins from the outer mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Wohlever
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Agnieszka Mateja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Philip T McGilvray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kasey J Day
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Robert J Keenan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Cormio A, Musicco C, Gasparre G, Cormio G, Pesce V, Sardanelli AM, Gadaleta MN. Increase in proteins involved in mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, proteolysis and antioxidant response in type I endometrial cancer as an adaptive response to respiratory complex I deficiency. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:85-90. [PMID: 28698145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic mtDNA mutations associated with alterations of respiratory complex I, mitochondrial proliferation (oncocytic-like phenotype) and increase in antioxidant response were previously reported in type I endometrial carcinoma (EC). To evaluate whether in the presence of pathogenic mtDNA mutations other mitochondrial adaptive processes are triggered by cancer cells, the expression level of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, proteolysis and apoptosis were evaluated in type I ECs harboring pathogenic mtDNA mutations and complex I deficiency. An increase in the fission protein Drp1, in the mitophagy protein BNIP3, in the mitochondrial protease CLPP, in the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic protein ALR and in Bcl-2 as well as a decrease in the fusion protein Mfn2 were found in cancer compared to matched non malignant tissue. Moreover, the level of these proteins was measured in type I EC, in hyperplastic (the premalignant form) and in non malignant tissues to verify whether the altered expression of these proteins is a common feature of endometrial cancer and of hyperplastic tissue. This analysis confirmed in type I EC samples, but not in hyperplasia, an alteration of the expression level of these proteins. These results suggest that in this cancer mitochondrial fission, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic response may be activated, as well as the discharge of damaged mitochondrial proteins as adaptation processes to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cormio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Clara Musicco
- CNR-Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Pesce
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sardanelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy; Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Nicola Gadaleta
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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35
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Tascher G, Brioche T, Maes P, Chopard A, O'Gorman D, Gauquelin-Koch G, Blanc S, Bertile F. Proteome-wide Adaptations of Mouse Skeletal Muscles during a Full Month in Space. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2623-2638. [PMID: 28590761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The safety of space flight is challenged by a severe loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and endurance that may compromise the health and performance of astronauts. The molecular mechanisms underpinning muscle atrophy and decreased performance have been studied mostly after short duration flights and are still not fully elucidated. By deciphering the muscle proteome changes elicited in mice after a full month aboard the BION-M1 biosatellite, we observed that the antigravity soleus incurred the greatest changes compared with locomotor muscles. Proteomics data notably suggested mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic and fiber type switching toward glycolytic type II fibers, structural alterations, and calcium signaling-related defects to be the main causes for decreased muscle performance in flown mice. Alterations of the protein balance, mTOR pathway, myogenesis, and apoptosis were expected to contribute to muscle atrophy. Moreover, several signs reflecting alteration of telomere maintenance, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance were found as possible additional deleterious effects. Finally, 8 days of recovery post flight were not sufficient to restore completely flight-induced changes. Thus in-depth proteomics analysis unraveled the complex and multifactorial remodeling of skeletal muscle structure and function during long-term space flight, which should help define combined sets of countermeasures before, during, and after the flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Tascher
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-670000 Strasbourg, France.,Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES , 75039 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Brioche
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier F-34060, France
| | - Pauline Maes
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-670000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Angèle Chopard
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier F-34060, France
| | - Donal O'Gorman
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology and the School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - Stéphane Blanc
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-670000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Bertile
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-670000 Strasbourg, France
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36
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Caston RA, Demple B. Risky repair: DNA-protein crosslinks formed by mitochondrial base excision DNA repair enzymes acting on free radical lesions. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:146-150. [PMID: 27867099 PMCID: PMC5815828 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is both necessary and dangerous for aerobic cell function. ATP is most efficiently made by the electron transport chain, which requires oxygen as an electron acceptor. However, the presence of oxygen, and to some extent the respiratory chain itself, poses a danger to cellular components. Mitochondria, the sites of oxidative phosphorylation, have defense and repair pathways to cope with oxidative damage. For mitochondrial DNA, an essential pathway is base excision repair, which acts on a variety of small lesions. There are instances, however, in which attempted DNA repair results in more damage, such as the formation of a DNA-protein crosslink trapping the repair enzyme on the DNA. That is the case for mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ acting on abasic sites oxidized at the 1-carbon of 2-deoxyribose. Such DNA-protein crosslinks presumably must be removed in order to restore function. In nuclear DNA, ubiquitylation of the crosslinked protein and digestion by the proteasome are essential first processing steps. How and whether such mechanisms operate on DNA-protein crosslinks in mitochondria remains to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Audrey Caston
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Bruce Demple
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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Ferens FG, Spicer V, Krokhin OV, Motnenko A, Summers WA, Court DA. A deletion variant partially complements a porin-less strain of Neurospora crassa. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:318-327. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial porin, the voltage-dependent anion channel, plays an important role in metabolism and other cellular functions within eukaryotic cells. To further the understanding of porin structure and function, Neurospora crassa wild-type porin was replaced with a deletion variant lacking residues 238–242 (238porin). 238porin was assembled in the mitochondrial outer membrane, but the steady state levels were only about 3% of those of the wild-type protein. The strain harbouring 238porin displayed cytochrome deficiencies and expressed alternative oxidase. Nonetheless, it exhibited an almost normal linear growth rate. Analysis of mitochondrial proteomes from a wild-type strain FGSC9718, a strain lacking porin (ΔPor-1), and one expressing only 238porin, revealed that the major differences between the variant strains were in the levels of subunits of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) of the electron transport chain, which were reduced only in the ΔPor-1 strain. These, and other proteins related to electron flow and mitochondrial biogenesis, are differentially affected by relative porin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser G. Ferens
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Victor Spicer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Oleg V. Krokhin
- Department of Internal Medicine & Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Anna Motnenko
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - William A.T. Summers
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Deborah A. Court
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles that regulate essential eukaryotic functions including generating energy, sequestering excess calcium, and modulating cell survival. In order for neurons to thrive, mitochondria have to be continuously replenished by maintaining autophagic-lysosomal mediated degradation of mitochondria (mitophagy) and mitochondrial biogenesis. While a plethora of image- and biochemical-based techniques have been developed for measuring autophagy (macroautophagy) in eukaryotic cells, the molecular toolbox for quantifying and assessing mitophagy in neurons continues to evolve. Compared to proliferating cells, quantifying mitophagy in neurons poses a technical challenge given that mitochondria are predominantly present in neurites (axons and dendrites) and are highly dynamic. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview on mitophagy and provide a list of validated fluorescence- and biochemistry-based techniques used for assessing mitophagy in neuronal cells and primary neurons. Secondly, we provide comprehensive guidelines for interpreting steady-state levels of mitophagy and mitophagic flux in neurons using modern fluorescence- and biochemistry-based techniques. Finally, we provide a comprehensive list of common pitfalls to avoid when assessing mitophagy and offer practical solutions to overcome technical issues.
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Schöneich C. Sulfur Radical-Induced Redox Modifications in Proteins: Analysis and Mechanistic Aspects. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:388-405. [PMID: 27288212 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) are prominent protein targets of redox modification during conditions of oxidative stress. Here, two-electron pathways have received widespread attention, in part due to their role in signaling processes. However, Cys and Met are equally prone to one-electron pathways, generating intermediary radicals and/or radial ions. These radicals/radical ions can generate various reaction products that are not commonly monitored in redox proteomic studies, but they may be relevant for the fate of proteins during oxidative stress. Recent Advances: Time-resolved kinetic studies and product analysis have expanded our mechanistic understanding of radical reaction pathways of sulfur-containing amino acids. These reactions are now studied in some detail for Met and Cys in proteins, and homocysteine (Hcy) chemically linked to proteins, and the role of protein radical reactions in physiological processes is evolving. CRITICAL ISSUES Radical-derived products from Cys, Hcy, and Met can react with additional amino acids in proteins, leading to secondary protein modifications, which are potentially remote from initial points of radical attack. These products may contain intra- and intermolecular cross-links, which may lead to protein aggregation. Protein sequence and conformation will have a significant impact on the formation of such products, and a thorough understanding of reaction mechanisms and specifically how protein structure influences reaction pathways will be critical for identification and characterization of novel reaction products. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future studies must evaluate the biological significance of novel reaction products that are derived from radical reactions of sulfur-containing amino acids. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 388-405.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas
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Levytskyy RM, Germany EM, Khalimonchuk O. Mitochondrial Quality Control Proteases in Neuronal Welfare. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 11:629-644. [PMID: 27137937 PMCID: PMC5093085 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The functional integrity of mitochondria is a critical determinant of neuronal health and compromised mitochondrial function is a commonly recognized factor that underlies a plethora of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Metabolic demands of neural cells require high bioenergetic outputs that are often associated with enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. Unopposed accumulation of these respiratory byproducts over time leads to oxidative damage and imbalanced protein homeostasis within mitochondrial subcompartments, which in turn may result in cellular demise. The post-mitotic nature of neurons and their vulnerability to these stress factors necessitate strict protein homeostatic control to prevent such scenarios. A series of evolutionarily conserved proteases is one of the central elements of mitochondrial quality control. These versatile proteolytic enzymes conduct a multitude of activities to preserve normal mitochondrial function during organelle biogenesis, metabolic remodeling and stress. In this review we discuss neuroprotective aspects of mitochondrial quality control proteases and neuropathological manifestations arising from defective proteolysis within the mitochondrion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Levytskyy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Edward M Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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Avci D, Lemberg MK. Clipping or Extracting: Two Ways to Membrane Protein Degradation. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 25:611-622. [PMID: 26410407 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein degradation is a fundamentally important process that allows cells to recognize and remove damaged protein species and to regulate protein abundance according to functional need. A fundamental challenge is to understand how membrane proteins are recognized and removed from cellular organelles. While most of our understanding of this mechanism comes from studies on p97/Cdc48-mediated protein dislocation along the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, recent studies have revealed intramembrane proteolysis to be an additional mechanism that can extract transmembrane segments. Here, we review these two principles in membrane protein degradation and discuss how intramembrane proteolysis, which introduces an irreversible step in protein dislocation, is used to drive regulated protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dönem Avci
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius K Lemberg
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Nagiah S, Phulukdaree A, Chuturgoon AA. Lon protease and eiF2α are involved in acute, but not prolonged, antiretroviral induced stress response in HepG2 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 252:82-6. [PMID: 27041070 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lon protease, an ATP dependent mitochondrial protease, is important in mitochondrial protein maintenance. Disruption of protein homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with lipodystrophy, metabolic syndrome and accelerated aging, and are commonly observed in patients on long term antiretroviral therapy. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a post-translational regulator of Lon and regulates antioxidant response. We previously showed the nucleoside analogues (NRTIs), Zidovudine (AZT; 7.1 μM), Stavudine (d4T; 4 μM), and Tenofovir (TFV; 1.2 μM) induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells at 24 h (h) and 120 h. We conducted a mitochondrial proteomic assessment of homeostasis in the same model, using the same NRTIs. Protein expression of Lon, SIRT3, heat shock protein (HSP) 60, phospho-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α; Ser51) and phospho-c-jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK; Thr183/Tyr185) were quantified by western blots. The data showed all stress responses were significantly increased in HepG2 cells by all antiretroviral drugs at 24 h (p < 0.0001); however, at 120 h, a significant depletion in the ATP-dependent proteins Lon (p = 0.00013) and HSP60 (p < 0.0001) was observed. Proteins initiated by endoplasmic reticulum stress: p-eIF2α (p = 0.001) and p-JNK (p = 0.0029), were significantly reduced following prolonged treatment. SIRT3 was maintained at elevated levels in the treated cells following prolonged exposure (p < 0.001). We conclude that the ATP dependent proteins are more relevant to acute toxicity, while SIRT3 confers protection over prolonged periods of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savania Nagiah
- 3rd Floor George Campbell Building, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, Howard College, University of KwaZulu Natal, King George Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
| | - Alisa Phulukdaree
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Prinshof Campus, Dr Savage Road, 0083, Prinshof, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; 3rd Floor George Campbell Building, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, Howard College, University of KwaZulu Natal, King George Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
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Abstract
Proteins are major targets for radicals and two-electron oxidants in biological systems due to their abundance and high rate constants for reaction. With highly reactive radicals damage occurs at multiple side-chain and backbone sites. Less reactive species show greater selectivity with regard to the residues targeted and their spatial location. Modification can result in increased side-chain hydrophilicity, side-chain and backbone fragmentation, aggregation via covalent cross-linking or hydrophobic interactions, protein unfolding and altered conformation, altered interactions with biological partners and modified turnover. In the presence of O2, high yields of peroxyl radicals and peroxides (protein peroxidation) are formed; the latter account for up to 70% of the initial oxidant flux. Protein peroxides can oxidize both proteins and other targets. One-electron reduction results in additional radicals and chain reactions with alcohols and carbonyls as major products; the latter are commonly used markers of protein damage. Direct oxidation of cysteine (and less commonly) methionine residues is a major reaction; this is typically faster than with H2O2, and results in altered protein activity and function. Unlike H2O2, which is rapidly removed by protective enzymes, protein peroxides are only slowly removed, and catabolism is a major fate. Although turnover of modified proteins by proteasomal and lysosomal enzymes, and other proteases (e.g. mitochondrial Lon), can be efficient, protein hydroperoxides inhibit these pathways and this may contribute to the accumulation of modified proteins in cells. Available evidence supports an association between protein oxidation and multiple human pathologies, but whether this link is causal remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ. Heart mitochondria and calpain 1: Location, function, and targets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2372-8. [PMID: 26259540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calpain 1 is an ubiquitous Ca(2+)-dependent cysteine protease. Although calpain 1 has been found in cardiac mitochondria, the exact location within mitochondrial compartments and its function remain unclear. The aim of the current review is to discuss the localization of calpain 1 in different mitochondrial compartments in relationship to its function, especially in pathophysiological conditions. Briefly, mitochondrial calpain 1 (mit-CPN1) is located within the intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix. Activation of the mit-CPN1 within intermembrane space cleaves apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), whereas the activated mit-CPN1 within matrix cleaves complex I subunits and metabolic enzymes. Inhibition of the mit-CPN1 could be a potential strategy to decrease cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Department of Physiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, United States
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Drosophila melanogaster mitochondrial Hsp22: a role in resistance to oxidative stress, aging and the mitochondrial unfolding protein response. Biogerontology 2015; 17:61-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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