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Begley D, Gabathuler R, Pastores G, Garcia-Cazorla A, Ardigò D, Scarpa M, Tomanin R, Tosi G. Challenges and opportunities in neurometabolic disease treatment with enzyme delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:817-828. [PMID: 38963225 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2375388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurometabolic disorders remain challenging to treat, largely due to the limited availability of drugs that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and effectively target brain impairment. Key reasons for inadequate treatment include a lack of coordinated knowledge, few studies on BBB status in these diseases, and poorly designed therapies. AREAS COVERED This paper provides an overview of current research on neurometabolic disorders and therapeutic options, focusing on the treatment of neurological involvement. It highlights the limitations of existing therapies, describes innovative protocols recently developed, and explores new opportunities for therapy design and testing, some of which are already under investigation. The goal is to guide researchers toward innovative and potentially more effective treatments. EXPERT OPINION Advancing research on neurometabolic diseases is crucial for designing effective treatment strategies. The field suffers from a lack of collaboration, and a strong collective effort is needed to enhance synergy, increase knowledge, and develop a new therapeutic paradigm for neurometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Begley
- Blood-Brain Barrier Group, King's College London, Strand, London, UK
| | | | | | - Angeles Garcia-Cazorla
- Neurometabolic Unit. Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER and MetabERN, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maurizio Scarpa
- Regional Coordinating Center for Rare Diseases, Udine University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Rosella Tomanin
- Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Lysosomal Disorders, Dept. of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Nanotech Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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2
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Martins TS, Correia M, Pinheiro D, Lemos C, Mendes MV, Pereira C, Costa V. Sit4 Genetically Interacts with Vps27 to Regulate Mitochondrial Function and Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cells 2024; 13:655. [PMID: 38667270 PMCID: PMC11049076 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Sit4 protein phosphatase plays a key role in orchestrating various cellular processes essential for maintaining cell viability during aging. We have previously shown that SIT4 deletion promotes vacuolar acidification, mitochondrial derepression, and oxidative stress resistance, increasing yeast chronological lifespan. In this study, we performed a proteomic analysis of isolated vacuoles and yeast genetic interaction analysis to unravel how Sit4 influences vacuolar and mitochondrial function. By employing high-resolution mass spectrometry, we show that sit4Δ vacuolar membranes were enriched in Vps27 and Hse1, two proteins that are part of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-0. In addition, SIT4 exhibited a negative genetic interaction with VPS27, as sit4∆vps27∆ double mutants had a shortened lifespan compared to sit4∆ and vps27∆ single mutants. Our results also show that Vps27 did not increase sit4∆ lifespan by improving protein trafficking or vacuolar sorting pathways. However, Vps27 was critical for iron homeostasis and mitochondrial function in sit4∆ cells, as sit4∆vps27∆ double mutants exhibited high iron levels and impaired mitochondrial respiration. These findings show, for the first time, cross-talk between Sit4 and Vps27, providing new insights into the mechanisms governing chronological lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma S. Martins
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (M.V.M.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Correia
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (M.V.M.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Denise Pinheiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (M.V.M.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Lemos
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (M.V.M.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Vaz Mendes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (M.V.M.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Clara Pereira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (M.V.M.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Costa
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (M.V.M.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Zhao H, Wang L, Zhang M, Wang H, Zhang S, Wu J, Tang Y. Identification and characterization of novel genetic variants in the first Chinese family of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIC (Sanfilippo C syndrome). J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18307. [PMID: 38613342 PMCID: PMC11015392 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC (MPS IIIC) is one of inherited lysosomal storage disorders, caused by deficiencies in lysosomal hydrolases degrading acidic mucopolysaccharides. The gene responsible for MPS IIIC is HGSNAT, which encodes an enzyme that catalyses the acetylation of the terminal glucosamine residues of heparan sulfate. So far, few studies have focused on the genetic landscape of MPS IIIC in China, where IIIA and IIIB were the major subtypes. In this study, we utilized whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify novel compound heterozygous variants in the HGSNAT gene from a Chinese patient with typical MPS IIIC symptoms: c.743G>A; p.Gly248Glu and c.1030C>T; p.Arg344Cys. We performed in silico analysis and experimental validation, which confirmed the deleterious pathogenic nature of both variants, as evidenced by the loss of HGSNAT activity and failure of lysosomal localization. To the best of our knowledge, the MPS IIIC is first confirmed by clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic findings in China. Our study thus expands the spectrum of MPS IIIC pathogenic variants, which is of importance to dissect the pathogenesis and to carry out clinical diagnosis of MPS IIIC. Moreover, this study helps to depict the natural history of Chinese MPS IIIC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Lijing Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of Geriatrics, Aging Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Mengfei Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of Geriatrics, Aging Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Huakun Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of Geriatrics, Aging Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Sizhe Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Junjiao Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yu Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of Geriatrics, Aging Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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4
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Schlotawa L, Tyka K, Kettwig M, Ahrens‐Nicklas RC, Baud M, Berulava T, Brunetti‐Pierri N, Gagne A, Herbst ZM, Maguire JA, Monfregola J, Pena T, Radhakrishnan K, Schröder S, Waxman EA, Ballabio A, Dierks T, Fischer A, French DL, Gelb MH, Gärtner J. Drug screening identifies tazarotene and bexarotene as therapeutic agents in multiple sulfatase deficiency. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e14837. [PMID: 36789546 PMCID: PMC9994482 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD, MIM #272200) results from pathogenic variants in the SUMF1 gene that impair proper function of the formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE). FGE is essential for the posttranslational activation of cellular sulfatases. MSD patients display reduced or absent sulfatase activities and, as a result, clinical signs of single sulfatase disorders in a unique combination. Up to date therapeutic options for MSD are limited and mostly palliative. We performed a screen of FDA-approved drugs using immortalized MSD patient fibroblasts. Recovery of arylsulfatase A activity served as the primary readout. Subsequent analysis confirmed that treatment of primary MSD fibroblasts with tazarotene and bexarotene, two retinoids, led to a correction of MSD pathophysiology. Upon treatment, sulfatase activities increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner, reduced glycosaminoglycan content decreased and lysosomal position and size normalized. Treatment of MSD patient derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) differentiated into neuronal progenitor cells (NPC) resulted in a positive treatment response. Tazarotene and bexarotene act to ultimately increase the stability of FGE variants. The results lay the basis for future research on the development of a first therapeutic option for MSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Schlotawa
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Karolina Tyka
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Matthias Kettwig
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Rebecca C Ahrens‐Nicklas
- Division of Human Genetics and MetabolismThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Matthias Baud
- School of Chemistry and Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Tea Berulava
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative DiseasesGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGöttingenGermany
| | - Nicola Brunetti‐Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Alyssa Gagne
- Center for Cellular and Molecular TherapeuticsThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Jean A Maguire
- Center for Cellular and Molecular TherapeuticsThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jlenia Monfregola
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Tonatiuh Pena
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative DiseasesGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGöttingenGermany
- Bioinformatics UnitGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGöttingenGermany
| | | | - Sophie Schröder
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative DiseasesGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGöttingenGermany
| | - Elisa A Waxman
- Center for Cellular and Molecular TherapeuticsThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Neurological Research InstituteBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Thomas Dierks
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry IBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - André Fischer
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative DiseasesGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGöttingenGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence, University Medical Center GöttingenUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Deborah L French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular TherapeuticsThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Michael H Gelb
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Jutta Gärtner
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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5
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Quan W, Zhang G, Li Y, Song W, Zhan J, Lin W. Upregulation of Formaldehyde in Parkinson's Disease Found by a Near-Infrared Lysosome-Targeted Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2925-2931. [PMID: 36688921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases caused by complex pathological processes. As a signal molecule, formaldehyde is closely linked to nervous systems, but the relationship between PD and formaldehyde levels remains largely unclear. We speculated that formaldehyde might be a potential biomarker for PD. To prove it, we constructed the first near-infrared (NIR) lysosome-targeted formaldehyde fluorescent probe (named NIR-Lyso-FA) to explore the relationship between formaldehyde and PD. The novel fluorescent probe achieves formaldehyde detection in vitro and in vivo, thanks to its excellent properties such as NIR emission, large Stokes shift, and fast response to formaldehyde. Crucially, utilizing the novel probe NIR-Lyso-FA, formaldehyde overexpression was discovered for the first time in cellular, zebrafish, and mouse PD models, supporting our guess that formaldehyde can function as a possible biomarker for PD. We anticipate that this finding will offer insightful information for PD pathophysiology, diagnosis, medication development, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Quan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Guihua Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jingting Zhan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
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6
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Dou C, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Qin C. Autophagy and autophagy-related molecules in neurodegenerative diseases. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:10-17. [PMID: 35730702 PMCID: PMC9986236 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is one of the degradation pathways to remove proteins or damaged organelles in cells that plays an important role in neuroprotection. Different stages of autophagy are regulated by autophagy-related genes, and many molecules such as transcription factor EB (TFEB) are involved. The complete autophagy process plays an important role in maintaining the dynamic balance of autophagy and is crucial to the homeostasis of intracellular substance and energy metabolism. Autophagy balance is disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases, accounting for a variety of degeneration disorders. These impairments can be alleviated or treated by the regulation of autophagy through molecules such as TFEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsong Dou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases Beijing, Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases Beijing, Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases Beijing, Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases Beijing, Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
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7
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Scerra G, De Pasquale V, Scarcella M, Caporaso MG, Pavone LM, D'Agostino M. Lysosomal positioning diseases: beyond substrate storage. Open Biol 2022; 12:220155. [PMID: 36285443 PMCID: PMC9597170 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) comprise a group of inherited monogenic disorders characterized by lysosomal dysfunctions due to undegraded substrate accumulation. They are caused by a deficiency in specific lysosomal hydrolases involved in cellular catabolism, or non-enzymatic proteins essential for normal lysosomal functions. In LSDs, the lack of degradation of the accumulated substrate and its lysosomal storage impairs lysosome functions resulting in the perturbation of cellular homeostasis and, in turn, the damage of multiple organ systems. A substantial number of studies on the pathogenesis of LSDs has highlighted how the accumulation of lysosomal substrates is only the first event of a cascade of processes including the accumulation of secondary metabolites and the impairment of cellular trafficking, cell signalling, autophagic flux, mitochondria functionality and calcium homeostasis, that significantly contribute to the onset and progression of these diseases. Emerging studies on lysosomal biology have described the fundamental roles of these organelles in a variety of physiological functions and pathological conditions beyond their canonical activity in cellular waste clearance. Here, we discuss recent advances in the knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms linking lysosomal positioning and trafficking to LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Scerra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Melania Scarcella
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Caporaso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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8
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Morani F, Doccini S, Galatolo D, Pezzini F, Soliymani R, Simonati A, Lalowski MM, Gemignani F, Santorelli FM. Integrative Organelle-Based Functional Proteomics: In Silico Prediction of Impaired Functional Annotations in SACS KO Cell Model. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081024. [PMID: 35892334 PMCID: PMC9331974 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by early-onset spasticity in the lower limbs, axonal-demyelinating sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, and cerebellar ataxia. Our understanding of ARSACS (genetic basis, protein function, and disease mechanisms) remains partial. The integrative use of organelle-based quantitative proteomics and whole-genome analysis proposed in the present study allowed identifying the affected disease-specific pathways, upstream regulators, and biological functions related to ARSACS, which exemplify a rationale for the development of improved early diagnostic strategies and alternative treatment options in this rare condition that currently lacks a cure. Our integrated results strengthen the evidence for disease-specific defects related to bioenergetics and protein quality control systems and reinforce the role of dysregulated cytoskeletal organization in the pathogenesis of ARSACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Morani
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Stefano Doccini
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit—IRCCS Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniele Galatolo
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit—IRCCS Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Francesco Pezzini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (F.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Rabah Soliymani
- HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (R.S.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Alessandro Simonati
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (F.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Maciej M. Lalowski
- HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (R.S.); (M.M.L.)
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, PAS, Department of Biomedical Proteomics, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Federica Gemignani
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Filippo M. Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit—IRCCS Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-886311
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9
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Krance SH, Wu CY, Chan ACY, Kwong S, Song BX, Xiong LY, Ouk M, Chen MH, Zhang J, Yung A, Stanley M, Herrmann N, Lanctôt KL, Swardfager W. Endosomal-Lysosomal and Autophagy Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1279-1292. [PMID: 35754279 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endosomal-lysosomal and autophagy (ELA) pathway may be implicated in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, findings thus far have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To systematically summarize differences in endosomal-lysosomal and autophagy proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of people with AD and healthy controls (HC). METHODS Studies measuring CSF concentrations of relevant proteins in the ELA pathway in AD and healthy controls were included. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) between AD and healthy controls in CSF concentrations of relevant proteins were meta-analyzed using random-effects models. RESULTS Of 2,471 unique studies, 43 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Differences in ELA protein levels in the CSF between AD and healthy controls were observed, particularly in lysosomal membrane (LAMP-1: NAD/NHC = 348/381, SMD [95% CI] = 0.599 [0.268, 0.930], I2 = 72.8% ; LAMP-2: NAD/NHC = 401/510, SMD [95% CI] = 0.480 [0.134, 0.826], I2 = 78.7%) and intra-lysosomal proteins (GM2A: NAD/NHC = 390/420, SMD [95% CI] = 0.496 [0.039, 0.954], I2 = 87.7% ; CTSB: NAD/NHC = 485/443, SMD [95% CI] = 0.201 [0.029, 0.374], I2 = 28.5% ; CTSZ: NAD/NHC = 535/820, SMD [95% CI] = -0.160 [-0.305, -0.015], I2 = 24.0%) and in proteins involved in endocytosis (AP2B1:NAD/NHC = 171/205, SMD [95% CI] = 0.513 [0.259, 0.768], I2 = 27.4% ; FLOT1: NAD/NHC = 41/45, SMD [95% CI] = -0.489 [-0.919, -0.058], I2 <0.01). LC3B, an autophagy marker, also showed a difference (NAD/NHC = 70/59, SMD [95% CI] = 0.648 [0.180, 1.116], I2 = 38.3%)), but overall there was limited evidence suggesting differences in proteins involved in endosomal function and autophagy. CONCLUSION Dysregulation of proteins in the ELA pathway may play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Some proteins within this pathway may be potential biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffire H Krance
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Che-Yuan Wu
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C Y Chan
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Kwong
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bing Xin Song
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Y Xiong
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Ouk
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Yung
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meagan Stanley
- Western Libraries, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University Health Network KITE Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University Health Network KITE Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Karadağ Gürel A, Gürel S. To detect potential pathways and target genes in infantile Pompe patients using computational analysis. BIOIMPACTS 2022; 12:89-105. [PMID: 35411297 PMCID: PMC8905584 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Pompe disease (PD) is a disease caused by pathogenic variations in the GAA gene known as glycogen storage disease type II, characterized by heart hypertrophy, respiratory failure, and muscle hypotonia, leading to premature death if not treated early. The only treatment option, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), significantly improves the prognosis for some patients while failing to help others. In this study, the determination of key genes involved in the response to ERT and potential molecular mechanisms were investigated.
Methods: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data, accession number GSE38680, containing samples of biceps and quadriceps muscles was used. Expression array data were analyzed using BRB-Array Tools. Biceps group patients did not receive ERT, while quadriceps received treatment with rhGAA at 0, 12, and 52 weeks. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were deeply analyzed by DAVID, GO, KEGG and STRING online analyses, respectively.
Results: A total of 1727 genes in the biceps group and 1198 genes in the quadriceps group are expressed differently. It was observed that DEGs were enriched in the group that responded poorly to ERT in the 52nd week. Genes frequently changed in the weak response group; the expression of 530 genes increased and 1245 genes decreased compared to 0 and 12 weeks. The GO analysis demonstrated that the DEGs were mainly involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction, lysosomes, autophagy, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, inflammatory response, and the WNT signaling pathway. We also discovered that the WNT signaling pathway is highly correlated with DEGs. Several DEGs, such as WNT11, WNT5A, CTNNB1, M6PR, MYL12A, VCL, TLN, FYN, YES1, and BCL2, may be important in elucidating the mechanisms underlying poor response to ERT.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of PD are very important for the clinic of the disease. As a result, it suggests that the enriched genes and new pathways emerging as a result of the analysis may help identify the group that responds poorly to treatment and the outcome of the treatment. Obtained genes and pathways in neonatal screening will guide diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Karadağ Gürel
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Gürel
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, İstanbul, Turkey
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11
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Loss of Christianson Syndrome Na +/H + Exchanger 6 (NHE6) Causes Abnormal Endosome Maturation and Trafficking Underlying Lysosome Dysfunction in Neurons. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9235-9256. [PMID: 34526390 PMCID: PMC8570832 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1244-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger 6 (NHE6) cause the X-linked neurologic disorder Christianson syndrome. Patients exhibit symptoms associated with both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative abnormalities. While loss of NHE6 has been shown to overacidify the endosome lumen, and is associated with endolysosome neuropathology, NHE6-mediated mechanisms in endosome trafficking and lysosome function have been understudied. Here, we show that NHE6-null mouse neurons demonstrate worsening lysosome function with time in culture, likely as a result of defective endosome trafficking. NHE6-null neurons exhibit overall reduced lysosomal proteolysis despite overacidification of the endosome and lysosome lumen. Akin to Nhx1 mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we observe decreased endosome-lysosome fusion in NHE6-null neurons. Also, we find premature activation of pH-dependent cathepsin D (CatD) in endosomes. While active CatD is increased in endosomes, CatD activation and CatD protein levels are reduced in the lysosome. Protein levels of another mannose 6-phosphate receptor (M6PR)-dependent enzyme, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, were also decreased in lysosomes of NHE6-null neurons. M6PRs accumulate in late endosomes, suggesting defective M6PR recycling and retromer function in NHE6-null neurons. Finally, coincident with decreased endosome-lysosome fusion, using total internal reflection fluorescence, we also find a prominent increase in fusion between endosomal multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane, indicating enhanced exosome secretion from NHE6-null neurons. In summary, in addition to overacidification of endosomes and lysosomes, loss of NHE6 leads to defects in endosome maturation and trafficking, including enhanced exosome release, contributing to lysosome deficiency and potentially leading to neurodegenerative disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Loss-of-function mutations in the endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger 6 (NHE6) cause Christianson syndrome, an X-linked neurologic disorder. Loss of NHE6 has been shown to overacidify endosomes; however, endosome trafficking mechanisms have been understudied, and the mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration are largely unknown. In NHE6-null mouse neurons in vitro, we find worsening lysosome function with days in culture. Notably, pH-dependent lysosome enzymes, such as cathepsin D, have reduced activity in lysosomes yet increased, precocious activity in endosomes in NHE6-null neurons. Further, endosomes show reduced fusion to lysosomes, and increased fusion to the plasma membrane with increased exosome release. This study identifies new mechanisms involving defective endosome maturation and trafficking that impair lysosome function in Christianson syndrome, likely contributing to neurodegeneration.
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12
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Differences in MPS I and MPS II Disease Manifestations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157888. [PMID: 34360653 PMCID: PMC8345985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type I and II are two closely related lysosomal storage diseases associated with disrupted glycosaminoglycan catabolism. In MPS II, the first step of degradation of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) is blocked by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS), while, in MPS I, blockage of the second step is caused by a deficiency in iduronidase (IDUA). The subsequent accumulation of HS and DS causes lysosomal hypertrophy and an increase in the number of lysosomes in cells, and impacts cellular functions, like cell adhesion, endocytosis, intracellular trafficking of different molecules, intracellular ionic balance, and inflammation. Characteristic phenotypical manifestations of both MPS I and II include skeletal disease, reflected in short stature, inguinal and umbilical hernias, hydrocephalus, hearing loss, coarse facial features, protruded abdomen with hepatosplenomegaly, and neurological involvement with varying functional concerns. However, a few manifestations are disease-specific, including corneal clouding in MPS I, epidermal manifestations in MPS II, and differences in the severity and nature of behavioral concerns. These phenotypic differences appear to be related to different ratios between DS and HS, and their sulfation levels. MPS I is characterized by higher DS/HS levels and lower sulfation levels, while HS levels dominate over DS levels in MPS II and sulfation levels are higher. The high presence of DS in the cornea and its involvement in the arrangement of collagen fibrils potentially causes corneal clouding to be prevalent in MPS I, but not in MPS II. The differences in neurological involvement may be due to the increased HS levels in MPS II, because of the involvement of HS in neuronal development. Current treatment options for patients with MPS II are often restricted to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). While ERT has beneficial effects on respiratory and cardiopulmonary function and extends the lifespan of the patients, it does not significantly affect CNS manifestations, probably because the enzyme cannot pass the blood-brain barrier at sufficient levels. Many experimental therapies, therefore, aim at delivery of IDS to the CNS in an attempt to prevent neurocognitive decline in the patients.
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13
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Zhang X, Wei M, Fan J, Yan W, Zha X, Song H, Wan R, Yin Y, Wang W. Ischemia-induced upregulation of autophagy preludes dysfunctional lysosomal storage and associated synaptic impairments in neurons. Autophagy 2021; 17:1519-1542. [PMID: 33111641 PMCID: PMC8205014 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1840796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is vital for neuronal homeostasis and functions. Accumulating evidence suggest that autophagy is impaired during cerebral ischemia, contributing to neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. However, the outcomes after transient modification in autophagy machinery are not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of ischemic stress on autophagy and synaptic structures using a rat model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in hippocampal neurons and a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Upon acute ischemia, an initial autophagy modification occurred in an upregulation manner. Following, the number of lysosomes increased, as well as lysosomal volume, indicating dysfunctional lysosomal storage. These changes were prevented by inhibiting autophagy via 3-methyladenine (3-MA) treatment or ATG7 (autophagy related 7) knockdown, or were mimicked by rapamycin (RAPA), a known activator of autophagy. This suggests that dysfunctional lysosomal storage is associated with the early burst of autophagy. Dysfunctional lysosomal storage contributed to autophagy dysfunction because the basal level of MTOR-dependent lysosomal biogenesis in the reperfusion was not sufficient to clear undegraded cargoes after transient autophagy upregulation. Further investigation revealed that impairment of synaptic ultra-structures, accompanied by dysfunctional lysosomal storage, may result from a failure in dynamic turnover of synaptic proteins. This indicates a vital role of autophagy-lysosomal machinery in the maintenance of synaptic structures. This study supports previous evidence that dysfunctional lysosomal storage may occur following the upregulation of autophagy in neurons. Appropriate autophagosome-lysosomal functioning is vital for maintenance of neuronal synaptic function and impacts more than the few known synaptic proteins.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTB: actin beta; AD: Alzheimer disease; ALR: autophagic lysosome reformation; ATG7: autophagy related 7; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; GO: Gene Ontology; HBSS: Hanks' balanced salt solution; HPCA: hippocalcin; i.c.v: intracerebroventricular; KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; LSDs: lysosomal storage disorders; MAP2: microtubule-associated protein 2; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; mCTSB: mature CTSB; mCTSD: mature CTSD; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PRKAA/AMPKα: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha; proCTSD: pro-cathepsin D; RAPA: rapamycin; RNA-seq: RNA sequencing; RPS6KB/p70S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SIM: Structured Illumination Microscopy; SNAP25: synaptosomal-associated protein 25; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SYN1: synapsin I; SYT1: synaptotagmin I; TBST: tris-buffered saline Tween-20; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TFEB: transcription factor EB; tMCAO: transient middle cerebral artery occlusion; TTC: 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride; TUBB3: tubulin, beta 3 class III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mengping Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Weijie Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xu Zha
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huimeng Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rongqi Wan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanling Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
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14
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Haseloff RF, Trudel S, Birke R, Schümann M, Krause E, Gomila C, Heard JM, Blasig IE, Ausseil J. Surrogate Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Assessing the Efficacy of Gene Therapy in Hurler Syndrome. Front Neurol 2021; 12:640547. [PMID: 34054689 PMCID: PMC8155356 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.640547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal hydroxylase alpha-l-iduronidase (IDUA). The resulting accumulation of dermatan and heparan sulfate induces intellectual disabilities and pre-mature death, and only a few treatment options are available. In a previous study, we demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of gene therapy by injecting recombinant adeno-associated viral vector serotype (AAV)2/5-IDUA into the brain of a canine model of MPS I. We report on a quantitative proteomic analysis of control dogs and untreated dogs with MPS I cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that had been collected throughout the study in the MPS I dogs. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis identified numerous proteins present at altered levels in MPS I CSF samples. Quantitative immunoblotting, performed on CSF from healthy controls, untreated MPS I dogs, and MPS I dogs early treated and late treated by gene therapy, confirmed the MS data for a subset of proteins with higher abundance (neuronal pentraxin 1, chitinase 3-like 1, monocyte differentiation antigen CD14, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2). Scoring of the results shows that the expression levels of these proteins are close to those of the control group for dogs that underwent gene therapy early in life but not for older treated animals. Our results disclose four novel predictive biomarker candidates that might be valuable in monitoring the course of the neurological disease in MPS patients at diagnosis, during clinical follow-up, and after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner F Haseloff
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Trudel
- INSERM U1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Service de Biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ramona Birke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schümann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cathy Gomila
- INSERM U1088, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Ingolf E Blasig
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- INSERM U1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Service de Biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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15
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Biosynthesis and signalling functions of central and peripheral nervous system neurosteroids in health and disease. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:591-606. [PMID: 32756865 PMCID: PMC7517341 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurosteroids are steroid hormones synthesised de novo in the brain and peripheral nervous tissues. In contrast to adrenal steroid hormones that act on intracellular nuclear receptors, neurosteroids directly modulate plasma membrane ion channels and regulate intracellular signalling. This review provides an overview of the work that led to the discovery of neurosteroids, our current understanding of their intracellular biosynthetic machinery, and their roles in regulating the development and function of nervous tissue. Neurosteroids mediate signalling in the brain via multiple mechanisms. Here, we describe in detail their effects on GABA (inhibitory) and NMDA (excitatory) receptors, two signalling pathways of opposing function. Furthermore, emerging evidence points to altered neurosteroid function and signalling in neurological disease. This review focuses on neurodegenerative diseases associated with altered neurosteroid metabolism, mainly Niemann-Pick type C, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease. Finally, we summarise the use of natural and synthetic neurosteroids as current and emerging therapeutics alongside their potential use as disease biomarkers.
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16
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Benetó N, Vilageliu L, Grinberg D, Canals I. Sanfilippo Syndrome: Molecular Basis, Disease Models and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7819. [PMID: 33105639 PMCID: PMC7659972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanfilippo syndrome or mucopolysaccharidosis III is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in genes responsible for the degradation of heparan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan located in the extracellular membrane. Undegraded heparan sulfate molecules accumulate within lysosomes leading to cellular dysfunction and pathology in several organs, with severe central nervous system degeneration as the main phenotypical feature. The exact molecular and cellular mechanisms by which impaired degradation and storage lead to cellular dysfunction and neuronal degeneration are still not fully understood. Here, we compile the knowledge on this issue and review all available animal and cellular models that can be used to contribute to increase our understanding of Sanfilippo syndrome disease mechanisms. Moreover, we provide an update in advances regarding the different and most successful therapeutic approaches that are currently under study to treat Sanfilippo syndrome patients and discuss the potential of new tools such as induced pluripotent stem cells to be used for disease modeling and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Benetó
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.B.); (L.V.); (D.G.)
| | - Lluïsa Vilageliu
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.B.); (L.V.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.B.); (L.V.); (D.G.)
| | - Isaac Canals
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
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Lloyd-Evans E, Waller-Evans H. Lysosomal Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Signaling in Health and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035311. [PMID: 31653642 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is an essential process in all cells that is maintained by a plethora of channels, pumps, transporters, receptors, and intracellular Ca2+ sequestering stores. Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration govern processes as far reaching as fertilization, cell growth, and motility through to cell death. In recent years, lysosomes have emerged as a major intracellular Ca2+ storage organelle with an increasing involvement in triggering or regulating cellular functions such as endocytosis, autophagy, and Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. This review will summarize recent work in the area of lysosomal Ca2+ signaling and homeostasis, including newly identified functions, and the involvement of lysosome-derived Ca2+ signals in human disease. In addition, we explore recent controversies in the techniques used for measurement of lysosomal Ca2+ content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Waller-Evans
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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18
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Cook SR, Badell-Grau RA, Kirkham ED, Jones KM, Kelly BP, Winston J, Waller-Evans H, Allen ND, Lloyd-Evans E. Detrimental effect of zwitterionic buffers on lysosomal homeostasis in cell lines and iPSC-derived neurons. AMRC OPEN RESEARCH 2020; 2:21. [PMID: 32490352 PMCID: PMC7266671 DOI: 10.12688/amrcopenres.12903.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Good's buffers are commonly used for cell culture and, although developed to have minimal to no biological impact, they cause alterations in cellular processes such as autophagy and lysosomal enzyme activity. Using Chinese hamster ovary cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, this study explores the effect of zwitterionic buffers, specifically HEPES, on lysosomal volume and Ca2+ levels. Certain zwitterionic buffers lead to lysosomal expansion and reduced lysosomal Ca2+. Care should be taken when selecting buffers for growth media to avoid detrimental impacts on lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie R. Cook
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff
University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Rafael A. Badell-Grau
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff
University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Emily D. Kirkham
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff
University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Kimberley M. Jones
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff
University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Brendan P. Kelly
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff
University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Jincy Winston
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff
University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Helen Waller-Evans
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Main Building, Cardiff
University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Nicholas D. Allen
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff
University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff
University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
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19
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Wong SQ, Kumar AV, Mills J, Lapierre LR. Autophagy in aging and longevity. Hum Genet 2020; 139:277-290. [PMID: 31144030 PMCID: PMC6884674 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the process of autophagy and its role in health and diseases has grown remarkably in the last two decades. Early work established autophagy as a general bulk recycling process which involves the sequestration and transport of intracellular material to the lysosome for degradation. Currently, autophagy is viewed as a nexus of metabolic and proteostatic signalling that can determine key physiological decisions from cell fate to organismal lifespan. Here, we review the latest literature on the role of autophagy and lysosomes in stress response and longevity. We highlight the connections between autophagy and metabolic processes, the network associated with its regulation, and the links between autophagic dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Q Wong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anita V Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Joslyn Mills
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Louis R Lapierre
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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20
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Shi X, Yan N, Niu G, Sung SHP, Liu Z, Liu J, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Wang WX, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Tang BZ. In vivo monitoring of tissue regeneration using a ratiometric lysosomal AIE probe. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3152-3163. [PMID: 34122820 PMCID: PMC8157324 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration is a crucial self-renewal capability involving many complex biological processes. Although transgenic techniques and fluorescence immunohistochemical staining have promoted our understanding of tissue regeneration, simultaneous quantification and visualization of tissue regeneration processes is not easy to achieve. Herein, we developed a simple and quantitative method for the real-time and non-invasive observation of the process of tissue regeneration. The synthesized ratiometric aggregation-induced-emission (AIE) probe exhibits high selectivity and reversibility for pH responses, good ability to map lysosomal pH both in vitro and in vivo, good biocompatibility and excellent photostability. The caudal fin regeneration of a fish model (medaka larvae) was monitored by tracking the lysosomal pH change. It was found that the mean lysosomal pH is reduced during 24-48 hpa to promote the autophagic activity for cell debris degradation. Our research can quantify the changes in mean lysosomal pH and also exhibit its distribution during the caudal fin regeneration. We believe that the AIE-active lysosomal pH probe can also be potentially used for long-term tracking of various lysosome-involved biological processes, such as tracking the stress responses of tissue, tracking the inflammatory responses, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Shi
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Neng Yan
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Guangle Niu
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Simon H P Sung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Junkai Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- School of Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Herman H-Y Sung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institute Hong Kong China
- Centre for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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21
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Lysosome motility and distribution: Relevance in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1076-1087. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Maegawa GH. Lysosomal Leukodystrophies Lysosomal Storage Diseases Associated With White Matter Abnormalities. J Child Neurol 2019; 34:339-358. [PMID: 30757954 PMCID: PMC6459700 DOI: 10.1177/0883073819828587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The leukodystrophies are a group of genetic metabolic diseases characterized by an abnormal development or progressive degeneration of the myelin sheath. The myelin is a complex sheath composed of several macromolecules covering axons as an insulator. Each of the leukodystrophies is caused by mutations in genes encoding enzymes that are involved in myelin production and maintenance. The lysosomal storage diseases are inborn disorders of compartmentalized cellular organelles with broad clinical manifestations secondary to the progressive accumulation of undegraded macromolecules within lysosomes and related organelles. The more than 60 different lysosomal storage diseases are rare diseases; however, collectively, the incidence of lysosomal storage diseases ranges just over 1 in 2500 live births. The majority of lysosomal storage diseases are associated with neurologic manifestations including developmental delay, seizures, acroparesthesia, motor weakness, and extrapyramidal signs. These inborn organelle disorders show wide clinical variability affecting individuals from all age groups. In addition, several of neurologic, also known as neuronopathic, lysosomal storage diseases are associated with some level of white matter disease, which often triggers the diagnostic investigation. Most lysosomal storage diseases are autosomal recessively inherited and few are X-linked, with females being at risk of presenting with mild, but clinically relevant neurologic manifestations. Biochemical assays are the basis of the diagnosis and are usually confirmed by molecular genetic testing. Novel therapies have emerged. However, most affected patients with lysosomal storage diseases have only supportive management to rely on. A better understanding of the mechanisms resulting in the leukodystrophy will certainly result in innovative and efficacious disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H.B. Maegawa
- University of Florida, Department of Pediatrics/Genetics
& Metabolism, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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23
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Murrell-Lagnado RD, Frick M. P2X4 and lysosome fusion. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 47:126-132. [PMID: 31039505 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Similar to other members of the P2X receptor family, the P2X4 receptor at the plasma membrane forms a highly Ca2+ permeable, non-selective cation channel that is activated by extracellular ATP. Yet, P2X4 differs from the other subtypes, as it is predominantly localized on late endosomal, lysosomal and/or lysosome-related organelles. It is targeted there by virtue of tyrosine-based and di-leucine like trafficking motifs contained within its C-terminal and N-terminal regions respectively. The physiological role of the stable intracellular expression of P2X4 in acidic compartments has been a long-standing puzzle. Recent evidence, however, points to a dual role in the regulation of ion fluxes across lysosomal membranes to control lysosome membrane fusion and in the re-sensitization of receptors exposed to extracellular ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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24
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Poswar FDO, Vairo F, Burin M, Michelin-Tirelli K, Brusius-Facchin AC, Kubaski F, Souza CFMD, Baldo G, Giugliani R. Lysosomal diseases: Overview on current diagnosis and treatment. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 42:165-177. [PMID: 31067291 PMCID: PMC6687355 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal diseases (LDs), also known as lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), are a heterogeneous group of conditions caused by defects in lysosomal function. LDs may result from deficiency of lysosomal hydrolases, membrane-associated transporters or other non-enzymatic proteins. Interest in the LD field is growing each year, as more conditions are, or will soon be treatable. In this article, we review the diagnosis of LDs, from clinical suspicion and screening tests to the identification of enzyme or protein deficiencies and molecular genetic diagnosis. We also cover the treatment approaches that are currently available or in development, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, enzyme replacement therapy, small molecules, and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano de Oliveira Poswar
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Filippo Vairo
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Maira Burin
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francyne Kubaski
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Baldo
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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25
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Hsp70 interactions with membrane lipids regulate cellular functions in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:18-30. [PMID: 30710597 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beyond guarding the cellular proteome the major stress inducible heat shock protein Hsp70 has been shown to interact with lipids. Non-cytosolic Hsp70 stabilizes membranes during stress challenges and, in pathophysiological states, facilitates endocytosis, counteracts apoptotic mechanisms, sustains survival pathways or represents a signal that can be recognized by the immune system. Disease-coupled lipid-associated functions of Hsp70 may be targeted via distinct subcellular localizations of Hsp70 itself or its specific interacting lipids. With a special focus on interacting lipids, here we discuss localization-dependent roles of the membrane-bound Hsp70 in the context of its therapeutic potential, particularly in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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26
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Lie PPY, Nixon RA. Lysosome trafficking and signaling in health and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 122:94-105. [PMID: 29859318 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes, single-membrane organelles defined by a uniquely strong acidic lumenal pH and high content of acid hydrolases, are the shared degradative compartments of the endocytic and autophagic pathways. These pathways, and especially lysosomes, are points of particular vulnerability in many neurodegenerative diseases. Beyond the role of lysosomes in substrate degradation, new findings have ascribed to lysosomes the leading role in sensing and responding to cellular nutrients, growth factors and cellular stress. This review aims to integrate recent concepts of basic lysosome biology and pathobiology as a basis for understanding neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Here, we discuss the newly recognized signaling functions of lysosomes and specific aspects of lysosome biology in neurons while re-visiting the classical defining criteria for lysosomes and the importance of preserving strict definitions. Our discussion emphasizes dynein-mediated axonal transport of maturing degradative organelles, with further consideration of their roles in synaptic function. We finally examine how distinctive underlying disturbances of lysosomes in various neurodegenerative diseases result in unique patterns of auto/endolysosomal mistrafficking. The rapidly emerging understanding of lysosomal trafficking and disruptions in lysosome signaling is providing valuable clues to new targets for disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl P Y Lie
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
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27
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Annunziata I, Sano R, d'Azzo A. Mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) and lysosomal storage diseases. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:328. [PMID: 29491402 PMCID: PMC5832421 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) comprise a large group of disorders of catabolism, mostly due to deficiency of a single glycan-cleaving hydrolase. The consequent endo-lysosomal accumulation of undigested or partially digested substrates in cells of virtually all organs, including the nervous system, is diagnostic of these diseases and underlies pathogenesis. A subgroup of LSDs, the glycosphingolipidoses, are caused by deficiency of glycosidases that process/degrade sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids (GSLs). GSLs are among the lipid constituents of mammalian membranes, where they orderly distribute and, together with a plethora of membrane proteins, contribute to the formation of discrete membrane microdomains or lipid rafts. The composition of intracellular membranes enclosing organelles reflects that at the plasma membrane (PM). Organelles have the tendencies to tether to one another and to the PM at specific membrane contact sites that, owing to their lipid and protein content, resemble PM lipid rafts. The focus of this review is on the MAMs, mitochondria associated ER membranes, sites of juxtaposition between ER and mitochondria that function as biological hubs for the exchange of molecules and ions, and control the functional status of the reciprocal organelles. We will focus on the lipid components of the MAMs, and highlight how failure to digest or process the sialylated GSL, GM1 ganglioside, in lysosomes alters the lipid conformation and functional properties of the MAMs and leads to neuronal cell death and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Renata Sano
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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28
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Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Hildebrandt C, Davis PE, Rodan LH, Anselm I, Bodamer O. The Spectrum of Movement Disorders in Childhood-Onset Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2017; 5:149-155. [PMID: 29930972 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Movement disorders are a significant clinical problem in lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) and account for substantial morbidity. The spectrum of movement disorders in childhood-onset LSD, however, remains poorly defined. Objectives To define the spectrum of movement disorders in a well-characterized cohort of children with LSD. Methods A retrospective chart review at a single tertiary care center (Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA). Patients up to the age of 18 years with a clinical, genetic and/or biochemical diagnosis of an LSD and at least one predefined movement disorder (parkinsonism, dystonia, ataxia, tremor, chorea, myoclonus, ballism, restless leg syndrome) were included. Results 96 patients were identified and 76 patients had a sufficiently document biochemical and/or genetic diagnosis. Of these, 18 patients met inclusion criteria (mean age: 10.3±5.8 (SD) years, range: 3-18 years; 72% male). The most common LSD associated with a movement disorder was Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC), followed by several types of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) and different mucopolysaccharidoses. The most common movement disorder was ataxia followed by rest tremor, dystonia and myoclonus. The other predefined movement disorders were rare. The majority of patients presented with more than one movement disorder. The movement disorder was slowly progressive in all patients. Brain MRI changes included diffuse cerebral volume loss, white matter abnormalities with thinning of the corpus callosum, and cerebellar atrophy. Conclusions Movement disorders develop in a significant number of LSD patients. Ataxia, often in patients with NPC and NCL, is the most common phenotype but significant heterogeneity exists within and between different LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clara Hildebrandt
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter E Davis
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lance H Rodan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irina Anselm
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olaf Bodamer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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29
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Todkar K, Ilamathi HS, Germain M. Mitochondria and Lysosomes: Discovering Bonds. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:106. [PMID: 29270406 PMCID: PMC5725469 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the traditional view of lysosomes has been challenged by the recognition that lysosomes are not only degradative organelles, but also metabolic sensors that play a key role in the regulation of metabolism and cell growth. Similarly, mitochondria are now seen as crucial metabolic hubs dictating cell fate decisions, not just ATP-producing machines. Importantly, these functions are generally performed as a coordinate response of distinct organelles that are physically and functionally connected. While the association between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum is well known, a similar interaction between mitochondria and lysosomes is now emerging. This interaction could be required to shuttle amino acids, lipids and ions such as Ca2+ between the two organelles, thereby modulating their metabolic functions. In addition, a tethering complex linking the two organelles has recently been described in yeast, although the mammalian counterpart has yet to be identified. Here, we discuss the implications of these recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Todkar
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Biomed, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Hema S Ilamathi
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Biomed, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Germain
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Biomed, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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30
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Salvalaio M, D'Avanzo F, Rigon L, Zanetti A, D'Angelo M, Valle G, Scarpa M, Tomanin R. Brain RNA-Seq Profiling of the Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051072. [PMID: 28513549 PMCID: PMC5454982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of about 50 genetic metabolic disorders, mainly affecting children, sharing the inability to degrade specific endolysosomal substrates. This results in failure of cellular functions in many organs, including brain that in most patients may go through progressive neurodegeneration. In this study, we analyzed the brain of the mouse model for Hunter syndrome, a LSD mostly presenting with neurological involvement. Whole transcriptome analysis of the cerebral cortex and midbrain/diencephalon/hippocampus areas was performed through RNA-seq. Genes known to be involved in several neurological functions showed a significant differential expression in the animal model for the disease compared to wild type. Among the pathways altered in both areas, axon guidance, calcium homeostasis, synapse and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, circadian rhythm, neuroinflammation and Wnt signaling were the most significant. Application of RNA sequencing to dissect pathogenic alterations of complex syndromes allows to photograph perturbations, both determining and determined by these disorders, which could simultaneously occur in several metabolic and biochemical pathways. Results also emphasize the common, altered pathways between neurodegenerative disorders affecting elderly and those associated with pediatric diseases of genetic origin, perhaps pointing out a general common course for neurodegeneration, independent from the primary triggering cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Salvalaio
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Pediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy.
| | - Francesca D'Avanzo
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Pediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy.
| | - Laura Rigon
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Pediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Zanetti
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Pediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy.
| | - Michela D'Angelo
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Valle
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Scarpa
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Pediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy.
- Brains for Brain Foundation, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Rosella Tomanin
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Pediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy.
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31
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration in Lysosomal Storage Disorders. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:116-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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de la Mata M, Cotán D, Villanueva-Paz M, de Lavera I, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Luzón-Hidalgo R, Suárez-Rivero JM, Tiscornia G, Oropesa-Ávila M. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Lysosomal Storage Disorders. Diseases 2016; 4:E31. [PMID: 28933411 PMCID: PMC5456326 DOI: 10.3390/diseases4040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) describe a heterogeneous group of rare inherited metabolic disorders that result from the absence or loss of function of lysosomal hydrolases or transporters, resulting in the progressive accumulation of undigested material in lysosomes. The accumulation of substances affects the function of lysosomes and other organelles, resulting in secondary alterations such as impairment of autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and apoptosis. LSDs frequently involve the central nervous system (CNS), where neuronal dysfunction or loss results in progressive neurodegeneration and premature death. Many LSDs exhibit signs of mitochondrial dysfunction, which include mitochondrial morphological changes, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), diminished ATP production and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, reduced autophagic flux may lead to the persistence of dysfunctional mitochondria. Gaucher disease (GD), the LSD with the highest prevalence, is caused by mutations in the GBA1 gene that results in defective and insufficient activity of the enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Decreased catalytic activity and/or instability of GCase leads to accumulation of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph) in the lysosomes of macrophage cells and visceral organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to occur in numerous cellular and mouse models of GD. The aim of this manuscript is to review the current knowledge and implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario de la Mata
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - David Cotán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Isabel de Lavera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Raquel Luzón-Hidalgo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Juan M Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Tiscornia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
| | - Manuel Oropesa-Ávila
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Sevilla 41013, Spain.
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Abstract
Lysosomes have emerged in the last decade as an immensely important intracellular site of Ca2+ storage and signalling. More recently there has been an increase in the number of new ion channels found to be functional on lysosomes and the potential roles that these signalling pathways might play in fundamental cellular processes are being uncovered. Defects in lysosomal function have been shown to result in changes in lysosomal Ca2+ homeostasis and ultimately can result in cell death. Several neurodegenerative diseases, from rare lysosomal storage diseases through to more common diseases of ageing, have recently been identified as having alterations in lysosomal Ca2+ homeostasis that may play an important role in neuronal excitotoxicity and ultimately cell death. This review will critically summarise these recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX
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