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Schmidt NE, Carpenter B, Steffen AM. Brief Aging Education Affects Continuing Education Preferences and Behaviors of Mental Health Providers. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnae085. [PMID: 38943477 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnae085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study examined the impact of receiving foundational information about aging on continuing education (CE) interests, preferences, and behaviors of mental health providers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were practicing licensed professional counselors (N = 120) recruited from a random sampling of a state registry. The study employed a 3-group randomized controlled design with participants assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: an aging-specific reading, an opioid use disorder-specific reading, and a CE requirement-specific reading. As outcomes, participants rated their interest in aging-specific CE and selected to receive an aging-specific CE or Motivational Interviewing-specific CE program. RESULTS Perceived competence for working with older adults, assessed before the experimental manipulation, predicted choice and degree of interest in the aging-specific CE across conditions. Participants in the Aging-Reading condition rated a higher interest in aging-specific CE and were marginally more likely to select the aging-specific CE option than those in the other 2 conditions. Those in the Aging-Reading condition were also more likely to register for and complete an actual CE program focused on any topic. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Foundational knowledge about aging may increase practitioners' interest and behaviors toward gaining competency for working with older adults, supporting the Positive Education about Aging and Contact Experiences model (Levy, S. R. (2018). Toward reducing ageism: PEACE (positive education about aging and contact experiences) model. Gerontologist, 58(2), 226-232. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw116) of reducing ageism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Schmidt
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Geriatrics and Extended Care, Augusta, Maine, USA
| | - Brian Carpenter
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ann M Steffen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Omaña H, Sureshkumar A, Äijö M, Hunter SW. Attitudes and Beliefs of Physical Therapists and Physical Therapist Students Toward Working With Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Phys Ther 2024; 104:pzae052. [PMID: 38564242 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review physical therapists' and physical therapist students' attitudes toward working with older adults. METHODS CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, and SocIndex databases were searched in duplicate (from inception to March 2023). Studies that assessed knowledge on aging, intention to work with older adults or attitudes toward older adults for physical therapist students and/or clinicians, and that were written in English, Finnish, Spanish, or Swedish were included. Grey literature, qualitative studies, or articles of people with a specific diagnosis (eg, dementia) were excluded. All articles were reviewed by 2 authors independently, and consensus was required for inclusion. Data extraction was completed using a standardized data extraction sheet. RESULTS Of 2755 articles screened, 34 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five studies recruited only physical therapist students, 6 recruited only physical therapist clinicians, and 3 involved mixed samples of both. Ten intervention studies were included, all of which recruited physical therapist students. Overall, physical therapist students were observed to have predominantly positive attitudes toward older adults, while clinicians had neutral to weak positive attitudes toward older adults. Both physical therapist students and clinicians were observed to have low knowledge on aging and low intentions to work with older adults. Results from intervention studies suggest that education combined with clinical experience with older adults improves attitudes toward older adults. CONCLUSION A discrepancy is observed in physical therapists in that although attitudes toward older adults are positive, a lack of knowledge on aging and a disinterest in working with older adults exists. Intervention studies suggest that clinical experience may improve attitudes toward older adults in physical therapist students. IMPACT Predominantly positive attitudes toward older adults are reported by physical therapist students, while for clinicians mixed results are observed. Education coupled with clinical experiences appears to be effective interventions to improve attitudes toward older adults, but such research has only been explored in student samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Omaña
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | - Marja Äijö
- School of Health Care, Savonia University of Applied Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Susan W Hunter
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- School of Physical Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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3
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Dunn M, Peisah C, Wand AP. The perspectives of hospital doctors about end-of-life care in people with mental illness: an observational pilot study. Intern Med J 2024; 54:742-749. [PMID: 38009682 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative attitudes towards people living with mental illness (PLWMI), defined here as mentalism, are a major contribution to health care inequity, which may extend into end-of-life care. There is a clear need for investigation of the attitudes of doctors towards PLWMI at the end of life as doctors may lead processes of care that contribute to this inequity. AIMS The aim of this pilot study is to examine the perspectives of hospital-based doctors regarding end-of-life care and medical decision-making in PLWMI. METHODS A survey was created to explore whether mentalism is present in the perspectives of hospital doctors regarding end-of-life care for PLWMI. The survey included demographic characteristics of participants and questions comprising statements and vignettes that required agree/disagree responses. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise responses, and chi-square tests examined associations with demographic variables. RESULTS The survey was commenced by 48 hospital-based doctors and completed by 45. Descriptive statistics indicated that mentalism is present in the attitudes of hospital doctors regarding end-of-life care of PWLMI, with 47 of 48 participants (98%) endorsing at least one mentalist response. One significant association found that psychiatrists and psychiatry trainees were less likely to endorse a stereotype response in one vignette. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study addresses a gap within the literature on the potential contribution of mentalist attitudes in doctors to the poorer end-of-life care outcomes for PLWMI. The findings highlight the need for further study of this topic and suggest a role for targeted medical education in the pursuit of health care equality for PLWMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalen Dunn
- Concord Hospital Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carmelle Peisah
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Capacity Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Specialty of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne P Wand
- Concord Hospital Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Specialty of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Liu X, Wang D, Gu C, Bao H, Luo Y. Perceived Ageism in Health Care: A Hybrid Concept Analysis. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241248297. [PMID: 38631909 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241248297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying perceived ageism is a critical step in eliminating ageism. This hybrid concept analysis aims to describe the concept of perceived ageism in health care. In the theoretical phase, a scoping review was conducted. In the field phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine community-dwelling older adults. In the final analytical phase, results from the theoretical phase were integrated with those from the fieldwork phase. The perceived ageism in health care includes four dimensions: self-internalization (self-denial, a sense of unease, and passivity of behavior in seeking health care), interpersonal interaction (perceived negative perceptions, neglected attitudes, and unfair care behaviors), organization system (perceived strangeness caused by unfamiliar technology, unsupportive environment, and inadequate resources), and procedure policy (perceived uniformity of healthcare process and lack of targeted practice policies). Research related to this concept has contributed to developing measurement tools for assessing perceived ageism in healthcare practice and subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- Third Military University/Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Third Military University/Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- ShuangBei Community Health Service Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoying Bao
- Third Military University/Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Third Military University/Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Funk M, Lorenz T. Assessing age discrimination in workplaces: psychometric exploration of the Workplace Age Discrimination Scale (WADS-G). Front Psychol 2024; 15:1345923. [PMID: 38689726 PMCID: PMC11059957 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1345923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In contemporary workplaces characterized by diverse age groups working collaboratively, the assessment of age discrimination as an interpersonal phenomenon has gained heightened significance. This study focuses on adapting and scrutinizing the psychometric properties of the German iteration of the Workplace Age Discrimination Scale (WADS-G). Comprehensive Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results affirm a robust fit for the unidimensional model. Convergent validity is established through correlations between WADS-G scores and related instruments, while discriminant validity is evidenced by its lack of association with extraversion. Noteworthy findings include a positive correlation with turnover intention and negative correlations with job satisfaction, occupational self-efficacy, and organizational affective commitment. Despite its merits, the predictive efficacy of the WADS-G is notably inferior when juxtaposed with the Workplace Incivility Scale. Its explanatory power for turnover intention is constrained when accounting for variables such as job satisfaction, work environment, neuroticism, and core self-evaluation. Although measurement invariance testing across gender groups reveals scalar to strict measurement invariance, the examination across age groups indicates metric invariance. However, Confirmatory Factor Analyses for the 18-30 and 50+ age groups, central to the research emphasis, reveal suboptimal model fit. These outcomes prompt a nuanced discussion on whether the WADS-G aptly captures age-discriminatory experiences across diverse age and gender cohorts among employees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timo Lorenz
- Department of Psychology, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Caskie GIL, Canell AE, Bashian HM. Identifying Specific Gaps in Knowledge of Aging and Examining Its Relation to Biases Toward Older Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:437-445. [PMID: 38087808 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231210503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate aging knowledge is key to reducing ageist attitudes that impact older adult well-being. We first investigated how aging knowledge and negative and positive age-bias indirectly expressed via aging knowledge responses were related to an explicitly negative ageism measure. We then identified specific gaps in the aging knowledge of emerging adults and middle-aged adults. More negative ageism correlated with less aging knowledge overall and in psychological and social, but not biological, domains. Negative ageism correlated with negative age-bias, but not positive age-bias, expressed via aging knowledge responses. Knowledge of aging was poorest regarding social and psychological aspects of aging and best regarding biological aging. Middle-aged adults had slightly, but significantly, more accurate aging knowledge and less negative age-bias than emerging adults; positive age-bias did not differ by age-group. These results suggest that effectiveness of anti-ageism educational interventions may be enhanced if focused on improving knowledge of social and psychological aging.
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Gendron T, Camp A, Amateau G, Mullen M, Jacobs K, Inker J, Marrs S. The Next Critical Turn for Ageism Research: The Intersections of Ageism and Ableism. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnad062. [PMID: 37267455 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Aging includes multidimensional and multidirectional changes in biology, psychology, and social roles. With aging, individuals experience physiological changes that affect ability, stamina, and reserve capacity. Given the natural occurrence of physical decline accompanying aging, it is essential to understand if fear and prejudice toward disability (ableism) intersect and influence fear and anxiety about aging (ageism). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey study was conducted using ResearchMatch for study recruitment, 913 individuals responded to questions regarding 3 types of ageism, including affinity for older people, internalized ageism, and relational ageism, as well as internalized and relational ableism. RESULTS Internalized ageism was significantly associated with relational ageism, fear of physical disability, fear of cognitive disability, and affinity for older people. Relational ageism was associated with internalized ageism, relational ableism, fear of physical disability, fear of sensory disability, fear of cognitive disability, and affinity for older people. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Examining the intersection of ageism and ableism represents the next pivotal juncture to developing effective anti-ageism interventions that address the root anxieties influencing negative attitudes about aging and fears of growing older. Public policy initiatives to address community-level interventions and targeted training to inform discourse that addresses the intersection between ageism and ableism are critical to addressing these issues and promoting age and ability inclusivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Gendron
- Department of Gerontology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Alyssa Camp
- Department of Gerontology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Gigi Amateau
- Department of Gerontology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mia Mullen
- LeadingAge, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Jenny Inker
- Department of Gerontology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah Marrs
- Department of Gerontology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Nagel LC, Tesky VA, Schall A, Müller T, König J, Pantel J, Stangier U. Compliance with CBT referral in nursing home residents diagnosed with depression: Results from a feasibility study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23379. [PMID: 38148800 PMCID: PMC10750160 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Patient-level factors that influence compliance with a recommendation for CBT in nursing home residents diagnosed with depression were identified. Methods Within a cluster-randomized trial on stepped care for depression in nursing homes (DAVOS-study, Trial registration: DRKS00015686), participants received an intake interview administered by a licensed psychotherapist. If psychotherapy was required, patients were offered a referral for CBT. Sociodemographic characteristics, severity of depression, loneliness, physical health, antidepressant medication, prior experience with psychotherapy, and attitudes towards own aging were assessed. A binary regression determined predictors of compliance with referral. Results Of 123 residents receiving an intake interview, 80 were recommended a CBT. Forty-seven patients (58.8 %) followed the recommendation. The binary logistic regression model on compliance with recommended CBT was significant, χ2(9) = 21.64, p = .010. Significant predictors were age (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.9; 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.82, 0.99; p = .024) and depression (OR = 1.33; 95 % CI = 1.08, 1.65; p = .008). Conclusion Within the implemented setting compliance rate was comparable to other age groups. Future interventions should include detailed psychoeducation on the benefits of psychotherapy on mild depressive symptoms in older age and evidence-based interventions to address the stigma of depression. Interventions such as reminiscence-based methods or problem-solving could be useful to increase compliance with referral, especially in very old patients (80+). Language barriers and a culturally sensitive approach should be considered when screening residents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arthur Schall
- Department of General Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tanja Müller
- Frankfurt Forum for Interdisciplinary Ageing Research, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jochem König
- Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Pantel
- Department of General Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stangier
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Brinkhof LP, de Wit S, Murre JMJ, Ridderinkhof KR. Mitigating the Harmful Impact of Ageism among Older Individuals: The Buffering Role of Resilience Factors. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 9:1. [PMID: 38392100 PMCID: PMC10888260 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Frequent exposure to ageism has significant repercussions on the quality of life and mental well-being/health of older adults. Resilience may play a crucial role in mitigating these effects. The current study aimed to investigate the potential buffering roles of two types of coping variables-behavioral coping and a positive appraisal style-in older adults (N = 2000, aged 55-93). Confirming previous findings, higher levels of perceived negative ageism (PNA) were associated with diminished quality of life and mental well-being, increased depression and loneliness. However, individuals that tend to employ behavioral coping strategies when confronted with challenging/stressful situations showed a weaker relationship between PNA and quality of life, mental well-being, and depression. Embracing a positive appraisal style attenuated the negative impact of PNA on feelings of depression and loneliness. Interestingly, younger older adults appeared to benefit the most from these resilience factors. Despite considerable inter-individual variability, encouraging the utilization of behavioral coping strategies and nurturing a positive appraisal style could serve as effective approaches to mitigate the detrimental effects of PNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte P Brinkhof
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne de Wit
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap M J Murre
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Richard Ridderinkhof
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Ishikawa M. Internalization of negative societal views on old age into self-perceptions of aging: exploring factors associated with self-directed ageism. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2023; 8:1291325. [PMID: 38045535 PMCID: PMC10691258 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1291325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction A growing number of research has provided evidence for the negative impact of ageism on older people's health and well-being. Among the three different manifestations of ageism, namely institutional, interpersonal and self-directed ageism, significant ageism-health associations have been proved to be strongest for self-directed ageism. This supports stereotype embodiment theory, which maintains that lifetime exposure to negative age stereotypes leads to the internalization of ageism as a form of negative attitudes towards own aging and it adversely affects health and well-being in old age. However, little is known about how people internalize negative age stereotypes held in the society into self-perceptions of aging. Methods This study aimed to explore how socially shared beliefs about old age are internalized into self-perceptions of aging focusing on uncovering factors related to self-directed ageism. Data were derived from the survey that had examined citizen's attitudes towards old age and aging in Finland. Multinominal logistic regression models were performed to examine the association of sociodemographic and contextual factors with different combinations of societal age stereotypes and two indicators of self-perceptions of aging: subjective views on old age and personal feelings of own old age. Results The analyses showed that being female, attaining tertiary education, evaluating poor quality of life and awareness of institutional old age discrimination were related to holding negative views on aging towards both society and oneself. Discussion The findings from univariate and multivariate models suggest that it is not age per se, but structural and cultural circumstances shaped with growing older that turns socially shared negative age stereotypes into negative self-perceptions of aging. Even though the study addressed situations in one country, the findings have an important implication for other rapidly aging societies regarding how social and cultural contexts are closely linked to the formation of self-directed ageism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Ishikawa
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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11
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Brinkhof LP, Murre JMJ, de Wit S, Krugers HJ, Ridderinkhof KR. Changes in perceived ageism during the COVID-19 pandemic: impact on quality of life and mental well-being among Dutch adults aged 55 and older. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:2490-2498. [PMID: 37116186 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2205832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic brought ageism to the forefront of public discourse. Negative ageism incurs more negative self-perceptions of aging, which affects physical and mental functioning. Whether negative ageism as perceived and experienced by older adults has worsened as the pandemic lingered, and how such changes impact quality of life (QoL) and mental well-being (MWB), remain urgent questions.Method: In a sample of adults aged 55 or older (n = 500), we aimed to address this by administering the Perceived Ageism Questionnaire twice during the pandemic (T1: between October 2020 and May 2021; T2: on average 45 wk after T1).Results: Higher levels of perceived negative ageism were associated with lower QoL and MWB, at least partially through its unfavorable effects on self-perceptions of aging, even after controlling for ageism experiences in the preceding year (at T2, corrected for T1). Furthermore, we found that perceived negative ageism increased from T1 to T2, which had negative implications for QoL/MWB. Opposite effects were found for perceived positive ageism, although less consistently.Conclusion: These patterns reveal that ageism as perceived and experienced by adults of 55 or older became stronger and more negative throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, which had detrimental implications for individuals' QoL and MWB. These disconcerting findings emphasize the importance of combatting negative ageism in our society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte P Brinkhof
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J M J Murre
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S de Wit
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H J Krugers
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K R Ridderinkhof
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Murray AL, de la Fuente-Núñez V. Development of the item pool for the 'WHO-ageism scale': conceptualisation, item generation and content validity assessment. Age Ageing 2023; 52:iv149-iv157. [PMID: 37902522 PMCID: PMC10615060 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES ageism harms individuals' health and wellbeing and can be costly to societies. Reliable and valid measures that can quantify ageism are critical for achieving accurate data on its global prevalence, determinants and impacts, and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce it. Ageism scales exist; however, none have been demonstrated to validly measure ageism in a manner consistent with consensus definitions of the concept (i.e. as manifested in all of stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination), whilst also quantifying ageism against all groups, from a target and perpetrator perspective, and across diverse country settings. Our objective was to develop an item pool to meet this need. METHODS we completed the conceptualisation, item generation and content validity assessment phases of a new World Health Organisation (WHO) WHO-ageism item pool that aims to measure the multi-dimensional nature of ageism. These phases drew on a review of available evidence, an experts' workshop and structured content validity reviews conducted by experts in scale development and ageism drawn from every world region defined by WHO. RESULTS our resulting item pool is designed to provide a multi-dimensional measure of ageism against all ages measured from both a perpetration and experienced perspective and that can produce valid and reliable scores within diverse country contexts and comparable scores across these contexts. CONCLUSIONS our item pool is the first major step in providing a global and comprehensive measure of ageism. Future phases of research will refine the item pool and establish the statistical psychometric properties of the final tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aja L Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Vânia de la Fuente-Núñez
- Demographic Change & Healthy Ageing Unit, Department of Social Determinants of Health, Division of Healthier Populations, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Neiertz C, Wouters EJM, Mannheim I. The Association of Technology-Based Ageism with Using Digital Technology in Physical Therapy for Older Persons. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2672. [PMID: 37830709 PMCID: PMC10573018 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrating digital technologies in healthcare for older adults can enhance their independence and quality of life. Nevertheless, ageism among healthcare professionals impacts treatment decisions and may deprive older patients of technology-based treatment. This study explores whether technology-specific ageism influenced physiotherapists' use of technology-based healthcare with older patients. Seventy-eight physiotherapists in Luxembourg filled out an online survey. Participants filled out the Attitudes Towards Older Adults Using Technology (ATOAUT-11) scale, Expectations Regarding Aging, attitudes towards technology use in the work environment, and whether they had not offered technology-based treatment in the past because of a patient's age. Using logistic regression, negative ATOAUT was found to predict not offering technology-based treatment, such that participants with more negative attitudes (1 standard deviation) were two times more likely not to offer treatment. Positive attitudes towards using technology in the work environment were also found to be a significant predictor. All other characteristics (gender, age, experience and percentage of patients over 50) were not predictive of not offering treatment. This study demonstrates that technology-specific ageism may lead to discrimination and deprive older persons of optimal treatment. More research is needed to identify the magnitude of ageism in using technology-based treatment and develop interventions to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Neiertz
- School of Allied Health Professions, Fontys University of Applied Science, 5631 BN Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (C.N.); (E.J.M.W.)
| | - Eveline J. M. Wouters
- School of Allied Health Professions, Fontys University of Applied Science, 5631 BN Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (C.N.); (E.J.M.W.)
- Tranzo, School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Ittay Mannheim
- School of Allied Health Professions, Fontys University of Applied Science, 5631 BN Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (C.N.); (E.J.M.W.)
- Tranzo, School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Communication, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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14
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Farrell TW. Ageism as a barrier to eliciting what matters: A call for multigenerational action to confront the invisible "-ism". J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:3024-3027. [PMID: 37596701 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
This editorial comments on the article by Sun et al. in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Farrell
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- VA Salt Lake City Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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15
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Liao T, Zhuoga C, Chen X. Contact with grandparents and young people's explicit and implicit attitudes toward older adults. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:289. [PMID: 37752575 PMCID: PMC10521500 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the dramatic rise in population aging and widespread negative attitudes toward older people, it is necessary to understand the factors that affect age-related attitudes among young people in order to improve intergenerational solidarity and reduce ageism. The current study examined young people's contact with their grandparents and attitudes toward older people on both explicit and implicit levels. METHOD The sample included 146 Chinese college students (Mage = 21.50 yrs, SD = 2.23, 101 females). Participants completed a questionnaire concerning contact with their grandparents(contact quantity and contact quality), perceived typicality of their grandparents, intergroup anxiety, inclusion of other in the self, and explicit attitudes toward older people (aged 65 years or older) in general. Participants were also invited to complete a single-category implicit association test (SC-IAT) to assess their implicit attitudes toward older people. RESULTS The findings indicated that both quantity and quality of contact with grandparents predicted better explicit attitudes toward older people, and contact effects were stronger when one's grandparents were perceived as being typical of older adults. Contact quantity (not quality) was associated with more favorable implicit attitudes only when one's grandparents were perceived as highly typical older adults. Contact effects on explicit attitudes were mediated by intergroup anxiety and inclusion of other in the self. CONCLUSION Our findings on the positive effects of contact with grandparents underscore the importance of promoting intergenerational contact within the family as a starting point to reduce prejudice toward older adults in age-segregated modern societies. Current results also provide insights on how to extend the benefits of grandparent-grandchild contact outside the family by promoting the perceived typicality of one's grandparents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiansi Liao
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Cuo Zhuoga
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
- Laboratory of Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
- Interdisciplinary Platform of Philosophy and Cognitive Science, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
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16
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Lapierre S, Chauvette S, Bolduc L, Adams-Lemieux M, Boller B, Desjardins S. Character Strengths and Resilience in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Can J Aging 2023; 42:455-465. [PMID: 37157820 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980823000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During the pandemic, older adults were perceived as a vulnerable group without considering their various strengths. This study explored the associations between character strengths and resilience, and verified if some of these could predict resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 92 participants (women = 79.1%), ≥ 70 years of age (mean = 75.6 years), completed an online version of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths - Positively keyed (VIA-IS-P) to assess 24 character strengths (grouped under six virtues) and the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale. Results showed that 20 of the 24 strengths correlated positively and significantly with resilience. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the virtues of courage and transcendence, as well as attitudes toward aging, uniquely predicted the level of resilience. Interventions should be developed to improve certain strengths (e.g., creativity, zest, hope, humor, and curiosity), while reducing ageism, in order to promote resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Lapierre
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah Chauvette
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Leonye Bolduc
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Meagan Adams-Lemieux
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Boller
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Sophie Desjardins
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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17
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Cecil V, Pendry LF, Ashbullby K, Salvatore J. Masquerading their way to authenticity: Does age stigma concealment benefit older women? J Women Aging 2023; 35:428-445. [PMID: 36174986 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2022.2128245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
As women age they can be subject to both sexism and ageism, and consequently be stereotyped as low in competence and irrelevant despite having a relatively young subjective age. Drawing on theories of stigma, we conducted a survey study of older women (N = 184) with a strong interest in fashion and their visual image. We used template thematic analysis to understand their experiences in relation to their age-changed appearance. Two major themes were identified: unfavourable experiences of ageism and efforts to evade these experiences through attention to appearance. Our participants employed masquerade to conceal or reduce the visible evidence of their age-both to avoid ageism and to align their outward appearance more closely with their inner, felt, authentic selves. We interrogate the benefits and penalties of concealment for a group whose stigmatised condition is dynamic, changing as their appearance grows increasingly dissimilar to societally favoured youthfulness. Masquerade may for this group of women produce more positive than negative outcomes, via effects on felt authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cecil
- Department of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Louise F Pendry
- Department of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Ashbullby
- Department of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
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18
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Ng R, Indran N. Videos about older adults on TikTok. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285987. [PMID: 37531317 PMCID: PMC10395947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides being one of the fastest growing platforms since entering the social media fray in 2016, TikTok is notably monopolized by teenagers, which makes it a veritable source of information not to be overlooked by gerontologists. Currently, most studies regarding age stereotypes on social media have examined content on Twitter and Facebook. Our study explores how older adults are portrayed on TikTok and the factors associated with these portrayals. We analyzed 673 videos with the hashtags #Boomer and/or #OkBoomer that received over 5.4 billion views and categorized them into nine topics. Five of these topics (e.g., 'Warmth/Coldness') were extracted from previous studies on age stereotypes. The remaining four topics were unique to our dataset (e.g., 'Wealth Gap'). The outcome variable was 'Negative Age Stereotypes' which was rated on a binary scale. One in two videos about older adults featured negative content. As hypothesized, videos containing negative age stereotypes were more likely to be about the 'Values and Beliefs of Older Adults' (7 times), 'Negative Encounters with Older Adults' (8 times) or 'Older Adults Antagonizing the Young' (13 times). Conversely, videos which portrayed older adults as 'Warm' were 43% less likely to contain negative stereotypes. As the phenomenon of an aging population fast unfolds, it is imperative that society relinquishes its tendency to stereotype individuals on the grounds of age. By examining the possible mechanisms driving negative stereotypes of older adults on TikTok, our study provides the basis upon which such stereotypes can be counteracted. In doing so, it paves the way both to improve the well-being of older persons and to foster intergenerational solidarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Ng
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Indran
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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19
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Shenoy R, Jodalli PS, Rao B S, Shetty AS, Thomas M, Shigli K, Marchini L. Validation of ageism scale for dental students in India: (Ageism Scale for Dental Students- India) - a cross sectional study. F1000Res 2023; 12:413. [PMID: 37559942 PMCID: PMC10407454 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.130685.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ageism persists in many different societies as it is innate and subconscious in nature. Negative effects such as loneliness, mistreatment, and occupational discrimination are frequently present due to ageism. The dental students in our study were wary of the possible benefits of expensive dental care because ageism is rife in their field. There is no validated and reliable ageism scale to assess how dental students perceive ageism in India. The current study was carried out to validate the ageism scale for dental students in the Indian context. METHODS This was a cross sectional analytical study carried out among both males and females in Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore in which the instrument was 27-item Ageism scale for dental students. Content validity was done by six subject experts. The final version was administered to 213 students/Residents of dental school. The factorability of data was confirmed with KMO = 0.61 and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity resulting in p < 0.001. RESULTS Final PCA model resulted in 15 items and six components that together accounted for 70.37% of overall variance. The six components had reliability ranging from marginal 0.51 (Component 6) to a high of 0.81 (Component 3). As per the gender differences by component females showed less ageism than men in "non-compliance" (-0.9(-1.66-0.14), p<0.05) and "practitioner perspective" (1.43 (0.84, 2.03), p<0.01). Statistical significance was seen in Barriers/concerns in dental treatment of elderly where residents showed reversed (1.4 (0.41, 2.38), p<0.01). Urban group showed more ageism for component 'time restraint' (-0.79 (-1.57, -0.02), p<0.05. CONCLUSION Preliminary validation resulted in 15 item scale with six components with acceptable validity of the ageism scale and could be further tested in large samples. This scale will help recognize ageism in Indian context and provide necessary information to make changes in the curriculum as required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Shenoy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Praveen S Jodalli
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shushma Rao B
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Aishwarya Shodhan Shetty
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Manuel Thomas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kamal Shigli
- Department of Prosthodontics, DY Patil Dental School, Lohegaon, Pune, Maharashtra, 412105, India
| | - Leonardo Marchini
- Department of Preventative and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
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20
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Sophie P, Valerie RL, Guillaume V. Specific form of ageism in dental care: Convergent validity of the Ageism Scale for Dental Students and its implications for education. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2023; 27:368-373. [PMID: 35543310 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The World Health Organisation considers ageism as an important barrier to age-appropriate care for older adults. An Ageism Scale for Dental Students (ASDS) has been validated in the United States, Brazil, Greece, Romania and in France. At present, the convergent validity of ASDS has never been evaluated. Moreover, a specialised and disciplinary tool as the ASDS may not overlap with more general ageism assessment which may highlight the need for specific courses during the education of the future health professionals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The survey was administered from December 2020 to January 2021. All the undergraduate students of the last 3 years of study at the dental school of Clermont-Ferrand were invited to complete both scales. Two hundred sixteen students were randomly divided into two equal groups. The first group answered first Aging Semantic Differential- ASD then ASDS, the second in reverse order. The convergent validity between ASDS and ASD was assessed by computing a Pearson correlation coefficient and discriminant analysis between each component of the two scales. RESULTS The response rate was of 53.7%. The correlation analysis conducted on the total scores of the ASDS and of the ASD shows a significant, yet weak relationship. The discriminant analysis indicates that only the first component of the ASDS is significantly associated with each dimension of the ASD, whereas the second component is totally independent from the ASD and the third component almost independent from the ASD, except for the integrity dimension. CONCLUSIONS This specialised questionnaire may assess a form of ageism that is not captured at all in more general scales. Such a scale may help to identify the different dimensions of ageism among dental students which is required to reduce ageism in medical care. This reduction should pass by adapted courses in gerodontology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaton Sophie
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Odontologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- LAPSCO, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Roger-Leroi Valerie
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Odontologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CROC EA 4847, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vallet Guillaume
- LAPSCO, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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21
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Bulgarelli AF, Santos CM, Tôrres LHN, Childs CA, Souza FLR, Gehrke GH, Marchini L. What influences dental students' attitudes regarding the treatment of older adults? A scoping review. J Dent Educ 2023. [PMID: 36928643 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the literature to evaluate dental students' attitudes regarding the treatment of older adults. METHODS A scoping review was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses/PRISMA guidelines to identify articles from four electronic databases: MEDLINE via the PubMed interface, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and AgeLine. Gray literature searches were also performed in Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses-Health and Medicine. RESULTS Eleven articles were assessed. The majority (72, 72%) were published between 2011 and 2020, evidencing various contexts of dental students, such as different countries and cultures, and levels of education. The most commonly used tool/instrument to survey dental students' attitudes was the Aging Semantic Differential Scale. Student age, race, and marital status did not seem to interfere with dental students' attitudes regarding the treatment of older adults. CONCLUSIONS Dental students tend to have a positive attitude toward older people. In this context, female students, students who interact with older people, and clinical students have more positive attitudes than male and nonclinical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre F Bulgarelli
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Camila M Santos
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luísa H N Tôrres
- Departament of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Christopher A Childs
- Hardin Library for the Health Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Fernanda L R Souza
- Departament of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Hammes Gehrke
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Marchini
- Department of Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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22
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Martínez-Angulo P, Muñoz-Mora M, Rich-Ruiz M, Ventura-Puertos PE, Cantón-Habas V, López-Quero S. "With your age, what do you expect?": Ageism and healthcare of older adults in Spain. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 51:84-94. [PMID: 36921397 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ageism could influence the relationship between older patients' meeting needs and healthcare professionals' answers. AIMS To highlight the experience of older adults with healthcare systems, how they perceive ageism from their healthcare providers, and to explore the relationship between perceived ageism and self-perception of aging (SPA). METHODS We conducted an exploratory qualitative study. The participants were 14 women over 65 who lived alone in their homes. RESULTS Professional responses ignored the expression of preferences of the older patients and excluded them from decision-making processes. These answers influenced older patients' use of health services. Moreover, the negative aspects predominated in a SPA influenced by the internalization of stereotypes and a relationship weighed down by ageist behaviors on the part of health professionals. CONCLUSION Explicit situations of ageism influence an imbalance in power relations between older patients and healthcare professionals, a misuse of health services, and a negative SPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Martínez-Angulo
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology, and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Interdisciplinary Research Group in Discourse Analysis (HUM380), University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba 14071, Spain
| | - Margarita Muñoz-Mora
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology, and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Manuel Rich-Ruiz
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology, and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Ciber Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid 28029, Spain; Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investén-isciii), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Pedro E Ventura-Puertos
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology, and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Interdisciplinary Research Group in Discourse Analysis (HUM380), University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba 14071, Spain
| | - Vanesa Cantón-Habas
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology, and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Salvador López-Quero
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Discourse Analysis (HUM380), University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba 14071, Spain; Department of Language Sciences, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Andalucía 14003, Spain
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23
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Martín-Carbonell M, Espejo B, Castro-Melo GP, Sequeira-Daza D, Checa I. Psychometric Properties of and Measurement Invariance in the Questionnaire of Stereotypes Toward Older Adulthood in Health Care College Students and Health Professionals of Colombia: Psychometric Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e42340. [PMID: 36892936 PMCID: PMC10037170 DOI: 10.2196/42340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In health professionals, negative stereotypes toward older adulthood have been associated with the difficulty in recognizing pathological processes and the refusal to care for older patients because of assuming that communication with them will be uncomfortable and frustrating. For these reasons, research on stereotypes in these groups has acquired growing importance. The usual strategy to identify and evaluate agist stereotypes is to use scales and questionnaires. Although multiple scales are currently used, in Latin America, the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Negative Stereotypes Toward Older Adulthood (Cuestionario de Estereotipos Negativos sobre la Vejez [CENVE]), developed in Spain, is widely used but without evidence of construct validity in our context. In addition, although in the original version, a factorial structure of 3 factors was found, in later studies, a unifactorial structure was obtained. OBJECTIVE The objective is to study the construct validity of the CENVE in a sample of Colombian health personnel to clarify its factorial structure and concurrent validity. Likewise, the measurement invariance according to gender and age was studied. METHODS A nonprobabilistic sample of 877 Colombian health professionals and intern health students was obtained. The data were collected online using the LimeSurvey tool. To study the factor structure of the CENVE, 2 confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models were carried out, one to test a single factor and the other to test the 3-related-factor structure. The factor measurement reliability was evaluated with the composite reliability index (CRI) and the average variance extracted (AVE). The measurement invariance was studied according to gender (men and women) and age (emerging adults, 18-29 years old, and adults, 30 years old or older). Using a structural equation model, the relationship between age and the latent CENVE total score was studied to obtain evidence of concurrent validity, since studies indicate that the younger the age, the greater the number of stereotypes. RESULTS The 1-factor structure was confirmed. The reliability results indicated that both indices show adequate values. Likewise, the existence of a strong invariance in measurement by gender and age group was verified. After contrasting the means of the groups, the results showed that men show more negative stereotypes toward old age than women. Likewise, emerging adults also showed more stereotypes than adults. We also verified that age is inversely related to the latent score of the questionnaire, such that the younger the age, the greater the stereotype. These results are in agreement with those obtained by other authors. CONCLUSIONS The CENVE shows good construct and concurrent validity, as well as good reliability, and it can be used to assess stereotypes toward older adulthood in Colombian health professionals and health sciences college students. This will allow us to better understand the effect of stereotypes on agism.
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Sharif Nia H, She L, Somasundram S, Khoshnavay Fomani F, Kaveh O, Hosseini L. Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of the 12-Item Expectations Regarding Aging Survey. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2023; 96:248-262. [PMID: 35266410 DOI: 10.1177/00914150221084650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:The present study was designed to assess the construct validity and reliability of the Persian version of the 12-item Expectations Regarding Aging (ERA) survey among the older adult Iranian population. Methods: The Persian version of this scale was developed using translation and revision in the current study. The construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability was assessed through internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega), composite reliability (CR), and maximal reliability (MaXR). The data compiled online was based on a sample of 400 older adults aged 65 years and older. Results: The Persian version includes 12 items loading onto three factors with 12 items explaining 46.633% of the total variance with excellent internal consistency and reliability. Conclusion: The Persian version of ERA is reliable and valid that can be used to assess the ERA concept among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sharif Nia
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, 92948Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Long She
- School of Business, Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Omolhoda Kaveh
- 92948Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Lida Hosseini
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, 440827Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Allen JO, Elias LK, Greenwood JC. Differences and Disparities in Ageism Affecting Older US Adults: A Review. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2023; 10:17-32. [PMID: 37483335 PMCID: PMC10358738 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-022-00316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review summarizes findings from quantitative research studies published between 2010 and 2022 providing insight on sociodemographic differences and disparities in ageism among US adults ages 50 and older. Findings Across 21 studies, disparities in ageism were more consistently found such that those who were older (57% of studies), with less education (64%), and of lower socioeconomic status (100%) reported more ageism than their counterparts. Amount of ageism did not differ by sex in the majority (71%) of studies. Findings regarding race/ethnicity were mixed. Other possible differences in ageism, assessed in a small number of studies, were patterned by employment characteristics, geographic residence, religiosity, and political affiliation but not by marital or employment status. Summary Given that ageism is both common and associated with poor health outcomes, identifying disproportionately affected segments of the older adult population is a necessary prerequisite for developing targeted interventions to reduce negative outcomes linked to ageism and associated health disparities. Evidence within this review suggests that the patterning of ageism may deviate from that typically documented for other social and structural disadvantages. Some groups traditionally considered to be socially marginalized were found to report more ageism while others did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ober Allen
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA; Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren K Elias
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Josephine C Greenwood
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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Combatting ageism through virtual embodiment? Using explicit and implicit measures. Int Psychogeriatr 2023; 35:157-163. [PMID: 36093860 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610222000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ageism is defined as stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination towards people because of their age. Although ageism can be directed towards people of any age group, most research has focused on ageism towards older people. Ageism towards older people is known to have a significant impact on their health and wellbeing and to even result in higher healthcare costs. The present study evaluated the use of virtual embodiment (VE) to reduce self- and other-directed ageism. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We randomized 80 individuals between the ages of 18 and 35 years to one of two conditions: VE as an older or a younger avatar. RESULTS No differences were found on explicit measures of ageism. Once multiple comparisons were accounted for, a nonsignificant reduction in implicit age bias following exposure to the older avatar (Cohen's d = .75, p = .02) also was found. CONCLUSIONS Past research has established the effectiveness of VE in relation to implicit measures. However, once both explicit and implicit measures are included and multiple comparisons are accounted for, neither explicit nor implicit measures of ageism show a significant effect. Given the multidimensional nature of ageism, further research is needed to establish the effectiveness of VE once multiple measures of ageism are considered.
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Instrument Evaluation: Attitudes Toward Older Adults and Intent to Work in Geriatrics. Nurs Educ Perspect 2023; 44:107-109. [PMID: 36800407 DOI: 10.1097/01.nep.0000000000000959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite the increasing demand for nurses in geriatrics, interest lags in working with older adults. The Carolina Opinions on the Care of Older Adults instrument assesses attitudes toward older adults, with one subscale assessing intention to work with older adults. The instrument was used in a pretest/posttest study with prelicensure students enrolled in a gerontological nursing course. Posttest scores showed an improvement in attitudes toward older adults. The geriatric career choice subscale showed no pretest/posttest changes. The Carolina Opinions on the Care of Older Adults instrument is a suitable measure to assess changes in attitudes and intention to work with older adults.
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[Développement d'une version française adaptée de l'Ambivalent Ageism Scale : une mesure de l'âgisme]. Can J Aging 2023; 42:56-68. [PMID: 36305104 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980822000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
L'objectif de cette étude était d'introduire un processus de traduction et de validation de l'Ambivalent Ageism Scale en français. L'Ambivalent Ageism scale (AAS) est la première échelle de mesure qui prend en compte l'âgisme bienveillant. Notre étude a suivi trois grandes étapes : la traduction, l'enquête et la validation. L'enquête transversale a été réalisée auprès d'étudiants de master en Sciences de la santé publique de la Faculté de santé publique de l'UClouvain lors de l'année académique 2019-2020 : sur 544 inscrits, 111 étudiants ont participé. L'échantillon était majoritairement composé de professionnels de la santé, avec un âge moyen de 31,47 ans (écart type = 7,48 ans). En conclusion, la version française de l'AAS est composée de douze items et est subdivisée en trois nouveaux facteurs : la surprotection (six items), l'infantilisation (quatre items) et le contrôle (deux items) auprès des personnes âgées. La nouvelle mesure de l'âgisme paternaliste (MAP) est une échelle de mesure simple et courte qui identifie des stéréotypes et des attitudes paternalistes à l'égard des personnes âgées.
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Almarwani M. Does Ageism Exist Among Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Students? Predictors of Attitudes Toward Older Adults. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:181-189. [PMID: 36714237 PMCID: PMC9875585 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s398994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the growing population of older adults, the demand for health rehabilitation services has rapidly increased. Like many countries around the world, the older population in Saudi Arabia is increasing. Tackling ageism has powerful provenance for uncovering and changing the dynamics of contemporary aging in Saudi Arabia. This study examined the attitudes toward older adults and the potential predictors influencing these attitudes among multidisciplinary health rehabilitation students. Methods A total of 293 health rehabilitation students completed an online survey with a mean age of 21.1± 1.3 years. The survey included data about demographic and geriatric-related characteristics, attitudes toward older adults (UCLA-GA), knowledge of aging (FAQ) and aging anxiety (AAS). Results Most participants were female (70.3%), with 53% of the students specializing in physical therapy. The average score of attitudes toward older adults was 3.43 (0.40). The predictors of attitudes toward older adults were knowledge of aging (β = 0.34, p < 0.0001), living with older adults (β = 0.12, p = 0.02) and the importance of contact (very important, β = 0.31, p = 0.04). Conclusion These results provide further evidence to support that ageist attitudes among students can be overcome by enhancing knowledge of aging and promoting positive contact with older adults. With the demographic shift in Saudi Arabia, we propose that there is a great need for establishing a competency-based geriatric education and strategies to enhance positive contact with older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Almarwani
- Rehabilitation Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Maha Almarwani, Rehabilitation Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Email
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Neikirk K, Barongan T, Rolle T, Garza Lopez E, Marshall A, Beasley HK, Crabtree A, Spencer EC, Shuler H, Martinez D, Murray S, Vang C, Jenkins F, Damo S, Vue Z. Using quotients as a mentor to facilitate the success of underrepresented students. Pathog Dis 2023; 81:ftad008. [PMID: 37156509 PMCID: PMC10255757 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Choosing a mentor requires a certain level of introspection for both the mentor and the mentee. The dynamics of mentorship may change depending on the academic status of the mentee. Regardless, mentors should help their trainees grow both academically and professionally. The success of an individual in the fields of science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) depends on more than intellectual capacity; a holistic view encompassing all factors that contribute to scientific achievement is all-important. Specifically, one new method scientists can adopt is quotients, which are scales and techniques that can be used to measure aptitude in a specific area. In this paper, we focus on these factors and how to grow one's adversity quotient (AQ), social quotient (SQ), and personal growth initiative scale (PGIS). We also look at how mentors can better understand the biases of their trainees. In addressing this, mentors can help trainees become more visible and encourage other trainees to become allies through reducing biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Taylor Barongan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Tiffany Rolle
- American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD 20852, United States
- National Genome Institute, National Human Research Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, United States
| | - Edgar Garza Lopez
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, United States
| | - Andrea Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Elsie C Spencer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Haysetta Shuler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, United States
| | - Denise Martinez
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Sandra Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Chia Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
- Counseling and Guidance, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM 87701, United States
| | - Felysha Jenkins
- Department of Basic Sciences, Office of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Steven Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208, United States
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
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Jung JH, Kim HHS. Does Misery Love Company? Multilevel Relationships between Perceived Age Discrimination and Happiness among Older Europeans. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:1234-1244. [PMID: 36598409 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221150885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examines how contextual age discrimination moderates the individual-level association between perceived age discrimination and happiness among older Europeans. In this endeavor, we test two opposing views: 1) the "social norm" hypothesis that predicts the association between perceived age discrimination and happiness to become weaker in areas with a higher average level of age discrimination; and 2) conversely the "contagion effect" hypothesis that predicts the association to grow stronger in such areas. Using data from the European Social Survey (2008), we estimate two- and three-level mixed effects models to test these opposing hypotheses. Our findings from multilevel analysis lend support to the social norm hypothesis. Specifically, the negative link between perceived age discrimination and happiness is weaker in subnational regions where the proportion of victims of age discrimination is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Jung
- Department of Sociology, 35017Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Harris Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Sociology, 26717Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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32
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de Medeiros K, Kunkel S, Yu L. The AgeSmart Inventory©: A Multifaceted Tool to Understand Age Bias. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2023; 9:23337214231166215. [PMID: 37056911 PMCID: PMC10088411 DOI: 10.1177/23337214231166215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageism has been recognized as a global problem leading to poorer health, isolation, and workplace discrimination toward people based on their age. Consequently, there are several tools that measure levels and types of ageism with a focus on the quantification of degrees and types of ageism. While such quantification is valuable, this paper describes the development of an inventory, created over four stages, designed to foster introspective and collaborative thinking about age-directed values. In Stage 1, 34 items were identified through a comprehensive literature review. In Stage 2, the items were evaluated and revised via a focus group discussion. In Stage 3, the revised ASI was administered to a representative U.S. sample (N = 513). Based on factor and conceptual analysis, a revised version was tested on a second sample (N = 507) (Stage 4) and again revised. The final ASI consists of 35 age-related statements: 22 psychometrically linked to one of four domains, six related to identity, and seven that, although not aligned with statistical results, are conceptually important. Rather than provide an ageism score, the ASI is a tool for introspection and reflection about individual values and judgements about age which can lead to customized strategies to address potential age biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate de Medeiros
- Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Kate de Medeiros, Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, 100 E. High Street, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | | | - Lei Yu
- Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
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Zanbar L, Lev S, Faran Y. Can Physical, Psychological, and Social Vulnerabilities Predict Ageism? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:171. [PMID: 36612491 PMCID: PMC9819222 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ageism can be expressed as the discrimination, social exclusion, and even abuse of older adults. The literature suggests that certain vulnerabilities could be risk factors affecting people's ageism. Based on the Social Identity Theory, the present study aimed to examine the association of physical/psychological and social vulnerabilities with ageism. The sample consisted of 200 Israelis from the general population who completed self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical regression indicated that low well-being, high post-traumatic distress, and limited social support were associated with ageism. Furthermore, the association of post-traumatic distress with ageism increased with age. The findings expand the knowledge of vulnerabilities as risk factors for ageism, perhaps reflecting its unconscious nature, and can assist in designing interventions for people interacting with older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Zanbar
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Faculty of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon 78211, Israel
| | - Sagit Lev
- School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Yifat Faran
- Faculty of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon 78211, Israel
- Department of Special Education, Hemdat Hadarom College Sdot Hanegev Regional Council, Netivot 8771302, Israel
- Department of Gerontology, Ben Gurion University, Be’er Sheva 8410501, Israel
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34
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Baykal D, Comlekci̇ N, Can G. The Relationship Between Health Professionals’ Attitudes Towards the Older People and Personality Traits. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-022-09515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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35
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Drury L, Abrams D, Swift HJ. Intergenerational contact during and beyond COVID-19. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES 2022; 78:860-882. [PMID: 36711193 PMCID: PMC9874911 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Intergenerational contact is crucial for promoting intergenerational harmony and reducing ageism. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted and changed the nature and frequency of intergenerational contact. In addition, research suggests that both ageism towards older adults and intergenerational threat regarding succession and consumption, have increased. Through the lens of the Temporally Integrated Model of Intergroup Contact and Threat (TIMICAT; Abrams & Eller, 2016), we explore the implications of these changing dynamics on ageism towards older adults during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Our review reveals that research into intergenerational contact needs to articulate both the time course and salience of contact and threats before making predictions about their impacts on prejudice. The implications of understanding how contact and threat combine to affect ageism for policy and practice are discussed in relation to employment, education, and intergenerational contact programs. We highlight that policy makers play a key role in promoting intergenerational harmony through the reduction of narratives that inflame intergenerational tensions and threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Drury
- Department of Organizational PsychologyBirkbeckUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Dominic Abrams
- Center for the Study of Group Processes, School of PsychologyUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Hannah J. Swift
- Center for the Study of Group Processes, School of PsychologyUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
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36
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Palsgaard P, Maino Vieytes CA, Peterson N, Francis SL, Monroe-Lord L, Sahyoun NR, Ventura-Marra M, Weidauer L, Xu F, Arthur AE. Healthcare Professionals' Views and Perspectives towards Aging. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15870. [PMID: 36497945 PMCID: PMC9739620 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Improving care for the older population is a growing clinical need in the United States. Ageism and other attitudes of healthcare professionals can negatively impact care for older adults. This study investigated healthcare professionals' (N = 140) views towards aging and characterized a confluence of factors influencing ageism perspectives in healthcare workers using path analysis models. These models proposed relationships between aging anxiety, expectations regarding aging, age, ageism, and knowledge. Aging anxiety had a less critical role in the final model than hypothesized and influenced ageism in healthcare workers through its negative effect (β = -0.27) on expectations regarding aging. In contrast, aging knowledge (β = -0.23), age (β = -0.27), and expectations regarding aging (β = -0.48) directly and inversely influenced ageism. Increased knowledge about the aging process could lower ageism amongst healthcare professionals and improve care for older adults. The results put forth in this study help to characterize and understand healthcare workers' complex views towards the aging population they often encounter. Moreover, these results highlight the need and utility of leveraging practitioner education for combating ageism in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Palsgaard
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Natasha Peterson
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Sarah L. Francis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, The Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Lillie Monroe-Lord
- Center for Nutrition, Diet, and Health, The University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Nadine R. Sahyoun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Melissa Ventura-Marra
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Lee Weidauer
- School of Health and Consumer Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Furong Xu
- School of Education, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Anna E. Arthur
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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37
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Lampersberger LM, Schüttengruber G, Lohrmann C, Großschädl F. Nurses' perspectives on caring for and attitudes towards adults aged eighty years and older. Scand J Caring Sci 2022; 37:458-471. [PMID: 36349552 DOI: 10.1111/scs.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults aged 80 years and older form a vulnerable group regarding perceived ageism, because they are often stereotyped as being frail and dependent. Nurses often display biased behaviour and hold negative attitudes towards this age group, due to the fact that they have frequent contact with patients who need complex care. As this frequent contact can negatively influence the quality of care, we performed this study to assess nurses' attitudes towards adults aged 80 and older and their views regarding their care, as well as to identify factors that influence attitudes. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used. A convenience sample of 1179 Austrian nurses was taken, and their attitudes were measured using the Ageing Semantic Differential (ASD) Scale. Their views on caring for older adults were assessed with the Perspectives on Caring for Older People (PCOP) Scale. Multiple linear regression was used to examine factors that influence nurses' attitudes. The Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Graz (EK Number 31-320 ex 18/19) gave their ethical approval for this study. RESULTS Nurses display neutral to positive attitudes towards adults aged 80+ and view caring for them positively. Positive attitudes were indicated, for example, by the factors of a positive view towards the care of older patients, a higher education and a personal relationship with older adults. Negative attitudes were indicated by the factors of being female and interacting more frequently with older care receivers. CONCLUSIONS Although the nurses' attitudes were not negative, they should be encouraged to view this patient population more positively. Educational interventions to alter nurses' attitudes and thus to improve the quality of care are recommended. As the ASD measures some aspects of ageism, it is recommended to consider qualitative methods in future studies to obtain a deeper knowledge of ageism in nursing care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christa Lohrmann
- Institute of Nursing Science Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
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Talmon A, Cohen N, Raif Y, Ginzburg K. Sense of mastery among older adults and its relation to invalidating childhood experiences. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:2186-2194. [PMID: 34669542 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1993130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesSense of mastery, a well-recognized resource for older adults, has been shown to be related to early life experiences, especially parent-child interactions. Yet while there are indications that a reduced sense of mastery is related to early experiences of child maltreatment, this association has not been studied among older adults. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between experiences of childhood parental invalidation and sense of mastery among older adults, through the mediation of self-objectification and perceived disrupted body boundaries.Methods: Three-hundred-and-sixteen older adults (Mean = 72.24; SD = 8.12 years; range: 60-94) filled out a battery of questionnaires assessing their levels of exposure to childhood parental invalidation experiences, sense of self-objectification, disrupted body boundaries, and sense of masteryResults: A structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis supported the hypothesized research model. More specifically, two significant indirect effects were observed, according to which the association between invalidating childhood experiences and sense of mastery was mediated by both self-objectification and by disrupted body boundaries.Conclusion: As these results suggest that early life experiences continue to affect individuals' sense of self in older age, they should be considered an important factor for evaluation and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Talmon
- Psychology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Noa Cohen
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Raif
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Karni Ginzburg
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Wanko Keutchafo EL, Kerr J, Baloyi OB. A Model for Effective Nonverbal Communication between Nurses and Older Patients: A Grounded Theory Inquiry. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2119. [PMID: 36360461 PMCID: PMC9690069 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonverbal communication is an inevitable art to be effectively mastered by nurses. Nurse nonverbal communication has many benefits when it is effective. For instance, nonverbal communication is important to convey affective and emotional information, and demonstrate respect for and build therapeutic relationships with older patients. As the older population is growing fast worldwide, effective nonverbal communication with older patients is an essential skill for nurses and will improve patients' satisfaction and the quality of care. Therefore, this article presents a model to guide effective nonverbal communication between nurses and older patients. A Grounded Theory approach guided the study. Data were collected between July 2018 and January 2020 through overt participant observations and individual interviews. Purposive and theoretical sampling were used to select 13 clinically experienced nurses, 4 nursing students, and 8 older adults. Data analysis encompassed open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results showed that effective nonverbal communication emerged as the co-phenomenon hinged within context and/or environment and is influenced by certain factors. This model, which is in support of person-centered communication and care, advocates for effective nonverbal communication between nurses and older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther L. Wanko Keutchafo
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Weissberger G, Bergman YS, Shrira A. The Association between Ageist Attitudes, Subjective Age, and Financial Exploitation Vulnerability Among Older Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2022; 42:1267-1273. [DOI: 10.1177/07334648221132130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageism, or age-based negative stereotypes, prejudice, and/or discriminatory behaviors toward older adults, has been linked with various detrimental physical and psychological consequences. The current study examined the relevance of ageist attitudes to financial exploitation vulnerability (FEV) among older adults and investigated whether feeling older than one’s chronological age (i.e., older subjective age) moderated the ageist attitudes-FEV association. 230 participants ( M age = 72.08, SD = 5.74) filled out scales assessing ageist attitudes, subjective age, and provided relevant sociodemographic information. High levels of ageist attitudes and an older subjective age were associated with increased FEV. Moreover, the ageist attitudes-FEV association was significantly stronger among participants reporting an older subjective age. The results highlight the importance of taking into account ageism and subjective age in order to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms which render older adults vulnerable to financial exploitation. Practical and empirical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Weissberger
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, CA, USA
| | - Yoav S. Bergman
- Faculty of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Amit Shrira
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, CA, USA
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41
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Settels J, Leist AK. The Role of Country-Level Availability and Generosity of Healthcare Services, and Old-Age Ageism for Missed Healthcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic Control Measures in Europe. J Aging Health 2022; 34:1016-1036. [PMID: 35465763 PMCID: PMC9482934 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221087097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on non-COVID-19-related healthcare need further investigation. Methods: Using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe's COVID-19 module (2020) (N = 57,025), country-level data from the European Social Survey (2008) and OECD (2020), and logistic regressions, this study examines predictors of older Europeans' forgone, postponed, and denied healthcare during the pandemic. Results: Country-level availability of physicians, healthcare systems' generosity, and beliefs that older persons burden healthcare systems all increased forgone healthcare. Healthcare system generosity increased postponed and denied healthcare. Greater medical resources decreased denied healthcare. Furthermore, missed healthcare varied by individual-level gender (higher rates among women), age, education, and health. Discussion: This study reveals predictors of missed healthcare during the pandemic. To decrease unintended health consequences of a pandemic, both individual-level determinants, such as gender and health, and contextual-level determinants, such as healthcare systems' characteristics, should be considered in research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Settels
- University of Luxembourg, Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality,
Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anja K. Leist
- University of Luxembourg, Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality,
Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Cohn‐Schwartz E, Finlay JM, Kobayashi LC. Perceptions of societal ageism and declines in subjective memory during the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal evidence from US adults aged ≥55 years. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES 2022; 78:JOSI12544. [PMID: 36249550 PMCID: PMC9538955 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive health of older adults since the COVID-19 pandemic onset is unclear, as is the potential impact of pandemic-associated societal ageism on perceived cognition. We investigated associations between perceptions of societal ageism and changes in subjective memory over a 10-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected longitudinal data from monthly online questionnaires in the nationwide COVID-19 Coping Study of US adults aged ≥55 from April 2020 to January 2021 (N = 4444). We analyzed the data using multivariable longitudinal multilevel models. We identified an overall decline in subjective memory, especially in the initial months of the pandemic. Adults who perceived that societal respect for older adults decreased during the pandemic experienced more rapid declines in their subjective memory. These findings suggest that aging adults perceived a decline in their memory, especially during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Societal interventions to combat ageism may help improve subjective memory and could decrease risk for cognitive decline among middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Cohn‐Schwartz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Community Health SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion UniversityBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Jessica M. Finlay
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population HealthDepartment of EpidemiologyUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Social Environment and Health ProgramSurvey Research CenterUniversity of Michigan Institute for Social ResearchAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Lindsay C. Kobayashi
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population HealthDepartment of EpidemiologyUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Brinkhof LP, de Wit S, Murre JMJ, Krugers HJ, Ridderinkhof KR. The Subjective Experience of Ageism: The Perceived Ageism Questionnaire (PAQ). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148792. [PMID: 35886644 PMCID: PMC9319588 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ageism as perceived by older individuals has been recognized as a potential risk factor for physical and mental health. We aimed to develop a comprehensive scale that can quantify perceived ageism among aging individuals (55+), including both positive and negative stereotypes, prejudices, and discriminations. This effort resulted in an 8-item Perceived Ageism Questionnaire (PAQ-8), with good psychometric properties and a two-factor structure distinguishing a positive (3 items) and negative (5 items) subscale (Analysis 1; n = 500). This dimensionality was confirmed in a separate cross-validation sample (Analysis 2; n = 500). The subscales’ correlation patterns with individuals’ self-perceptions of aging and mental health variables (i.e., quality of life, mental well-being, depression, anxiety, loneliness and perceived stress) accorded with theoretical hypotheses and existing knowledge of the concept of ageism. The PAQ-8 can help to gather more standardized data of the level, role and impact of perceived ageism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte P. Brinkhof
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.d.W.); (J.M.J.M.); (K.R.R.)
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Sanne de Wit
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.d.W.); (J.M.J.M.); (K.R.R.)
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap M. J. Murre
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.d.W.); (J.M.J.M.); (K.R.R.)
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm J. Krugers
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K. Richard Ridderinkhof
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.d.W.); (J.M.J.M.); (K.R.R.)
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hernández Gómez MA, Sánchez Sánchez NJ, Fernández Domínguez MJ. [Analysis of ageism during the pandemic, a global elder abuse]. Aten Primaria 2022; 54:102320. [PMID: 35715025 PMCID: PMC9194783 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2022.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
El edadismo es una forma de maltrato que tiene influencia negativa en las personas mayores. Aunque la COVID-19 afecta a personas de todos los grupos de edad, ha incrementado el efecto del mismo, limita el acceso de los mayores a diversos recursos, entre ellos, los sanitarios. El edadismo se asocia con sobrecostes, con peor salud y mortalidad precoz. Desde el «Grupo de Trabajo (GdT) de Atención al Mayor de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (semFYC)» realizamos una serie de propuestas para combatirlo basándonos en actividades comunitarias que favorezcan las relaciones intergeneracionales y la educación en envejecimiento que permitan una correcta integración de los mayores en la sociedad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Adelaida Hernández Gómez
- GdT Atención al Mayor semFYC, Centro de Salud Novoa Santos de Ourense, Servicio Galego de Saúde. Grupo I-Saúde, Fundación Biomédica Galicia Sur, Ourense, Galicia, España.
| | - Néstor Javier Sánchez Sánchez
- GdT Atención al Mayor semFYC, Centro de Salud de Maceda (Ourense), Servicio Galego de Saúde, Ourense, Galicia, España
| | - María José Fernández Domínguez
- GdT Atención al Mayor semFYC, Centro de Salud de Leiro-Ribadavia (Ourense) Servicio Galego de Saúde, Grupo I-Saúde, Fundación Biomédica Galicia Sur, Ourense, Galicia, España
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Wanko Keutchafo EL, Kerr J, Baloyi OB, Duma SE. Conditions Influencing Effective Nurse Nonverbal Communication With Hospitalized Older Adults in Cameroon. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2022; 9:23333936221098751. [PMID: 35647218 PMCID: PMC9131379 DOI: 10.1177/23333936221098751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective communication between nurses and patients is an important factor to quality nursing care but ineffective nonverbal communication could take a toll on health care. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence nonverbal communication between nurses and hospitalized older adults could help solve communication problems, thus improve nursing care. A sample of 13 nurses and 4 student nurses from two hospitals in Cameroon participated in the study. Data were collected using participant observations and semi-structured interviews, and analyzed using open coding and constant comparative analysis. Three categories were identified as influencing factors: nurse views of hospitalized older adults, hospitalized older adult-related factors, and nurse intrinsic factors. Effective nurses’ nonverbal communication with hospitalized older adults relies mostly on nurses’ intrinsic factors. Identification and nurturing of the positive nurse intrinsic factors are important to develop effective nonverbal communication skills among nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Kerr
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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The delivery and impact of intergenerational programs in the nursing home setting on adolescents and older adults: A systematic mixed studies review. Int J Nurs Stud 2022; 133:104281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Carlson KJ, Black DR, Coster DC. Perceptions of older adults? Measuring positive, negative, and physical descriptors using the stereotype content and strength survey. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2022; 65:437-449. [PMID: 34533421 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2021.1978026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted the health of older adults. In addition to a higher risk for serious illness and death, the societal value of senescent adults was challenged. There have been conflicting results reported in the research literature regarding positive and negative stereotypes of older adults, and areliable and valid assessment tool to measure content (existence of astereotype) and strength (intensity of astereotype) is unavailable. To address issues with instruments employed to measure ageist stereotypes, researchers developed the Stereotypes Content and Strength Survey. University students (n=483) were directed to "think about their perceptions of older adults" and indicate how many they believed could be described using the terms listed on a5-point Likert-type scale from none-all. Response categories for each descriptive item were dichotomized into 1 = "some, most or all" and 0 = "none or few." Based on an odds analyses of 117 items, 84 met the content criteria to be considered astereotype regarding older adults. Using the criteria for strength, items were categorized into 36 "strong," 25 "moderate," and 23 "weak" stereotypes. Assessing the content and strength of stereotypic beliefs using this procedure may contribute to major bias influencing ageist perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy J Carlson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Omaha, NE, Nebraska
| | - David R Black
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Daniel C Coster
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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Zanjari N, Momtaz YA, Abdollahi T. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the UCLA geriatrics attitudes scale (UCLA-GAS). Curr Aging Sci 2022; 15:259-265. [PMID: 35440342 DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220419104512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The attitudes toward older patients are considered the main factor in providing health services. BACKGROUND There is a lack of a proper short scale to measure attitudes toward older patients among healthcare professionals. OBJECTIVE The present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the UCLA Geriatric Attitude scale (UCLA-GAS) among a sample of Iranian healthcare professionals. METHODS The method of this study was cross-sectional for psychometric evaluation. The sample included 232 healthcare professionals in Mazandaran city. Study participants were selected by cluster random sampling technique. Psychometric evaluation of the UCLA-GAS assessed through content and construct validity. Content validity was evaluated based on the content validity index (CVI) and construct validity investigated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Also, convergent validity was assessed using the Kogan's Attitudes Toward Older People Scale (KAOPS) questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate internal consistency reliability and stability was assessed using test-retest. RESULTS Regarding the content validity, CVI and modified Kappa statistic for all items were >0.79 and shows all items where relevant to the UCLA-GAS in the Iranian context. The three dimensions of the UCLA-GAS extracted from factor analysis were labeled: 1- medical/economic burden (6 items) 2- appreciate attitude (5 items), 3- resource allocation (3 items). CFA revealed that the UCLA-GAS structure model was a validated model (CMIN = 2.312, GFI = 0.913, CFI = 0.902, RMSEA = 0.075). The scale had a significant and positive correlation with KAOPS questionnaire. Also, The Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.78 and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), for total instrument was reported as 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87-0.98) and demonstrated good reliability of the instrument. CONCLUSION The result shows the UCLA-GAS is a valid and reliable scale for measuring attitude toward older patient among healthcare professionals. This study recommends using Iranian UCLA-GAS in future research and policy-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Zanjari
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tayebeh Abdollahi
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Assessing the Cross-Cultural Validity of the Succession, Identity and Consumption (SIC) Scale Across Four French-Speaking Countries. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5334/irsp.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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50
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Barrett AE, Barbee H. The subjective life course framework: Integrating life course sociology with gerontological perspectives on subjective aging. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2022; 51:100448. [PMID: 36652311 PMCID: PMC10216003 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2021.100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of life expectancy has precipitated a cultural transformation of the life course - altering the perceived temporal contours of middle and later life. However, our understanding of these perceptions is limited by the absence of a framework within which to examine them. This paper builds on the life course perspective - which emphasizes the objective patterning of lives - by focusing on the subjective side of the life course. Drawing on theoretically, methodologically, and substantively diverse studies, this paper develops the concept of the subjective life course - a term we use to denote individuals' perceptions of the life course, including its structure and timing and their advancing location in it. We outline two dimensions of the subjective life course - the target of the perception (i.e., generalized other versus self) and the temporal frame of reference (i.e., past, present, or future). Using the resulting framework as an organizational tool, we then discuss key constructs located at each intersection along these dimensions, providing examples, where possible, of empirical studies examining them. We close with a discussion of two broad directions for research: leveraging the framework to yield insight on the subjective life course and exploring links between objective and subjective dimensions of the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Barrett
- Department of Sociology, Florida State University, 636W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306-1121, USA.
| | - Harry Barbee
- Center for Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, 300 Calhoun Hall, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1665, USA.
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