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Krysiak R, Kowalcze K, Okopień B. Subclinical Hyperthyroidism Enhances Gonadotropin-Lowering Effects of Metformin in Postmenopausal Women. J Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 39363530 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.6144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Metformin treatment decreases elevated concentrations of anterior pituitary hormones. The aim of this prospective, cohort study was to investigate whether hyperthyroidism modulates the impact of metformin on gonadotroph secretory function. The study population included 48 postmenopausal women with untreated type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, 24 of whom had coexisting grade 1 subclinical hyperthyroidism. Both groups were matched for age, insulin sensitivity, and gonadotropin levels. Over the entire study period, all participants were treated with metformin (2.55-3 g daily). Plasma glucose, insulin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total and free thyroid hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were assayed at entry and 6 months later. At baseline, the study groups differed in levels of TSH and thyroid hormones but not in body mass index, blood pressure, glucose homeostasis markers (fasting glucose, homeostatic model assessment 1 of insulin resistance ratio [HOMA1-IR], and glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]), and the remaining hormones. There were no differences between both groups in the degree of reduction in plasma glucose and HbA1c in response to metformin treatment. Although metformin decreased HOMA1-IR in both groups, this effect was stronger in women with hyperthyroidism than with normal thyroid function (-50 ± 20% vs -30 ± 15%). Similar relationships were observed for FSH (-43 ± 21% vs -21 ± 12%). Only in hyperthyroid women did the drug reduce LH concentration (by 35 ± 17%). Metformin did not affect circulating levels of TSH, total and free thyroxine, total and free triiodothyronine, estradiol, prolactin, ACTH, and IGF-1. The obtained results indicate that hyperthyroidism enhances the gonadotropin-lowering effects of metformin, as well as the fact that this agent has a neutral effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in case of its overactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalcze
- Department of Pediatrics in Bytom, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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2
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Zimmermann M, Fandrich M, Jakobi M, Röben B, Wurster I, Lerche S, Schulte C, Zimmermann S, Deuschle C, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Gasser T, Brockmann K. Association of elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of the longevity protein α-Klotho with a delayed onset of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease patients. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16388. [PMID: 38946703 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related condition characterized by substantial phenotypic variability. Consequently, pathways and proteins involved in biological aging, such as the central aging pathway comprising insulin-like growth factor 1-α-Klotho-sirtuin 1-forkhead box O3-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, may potentially influence disease progression. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of α-Klotho in 471 PD patients were examined. Of the 471 patients, 96 carried a GBA1 variant (PD GBA1), whilst the 375 non-carriers were classified as PD wild-type (PD WT). Each patient was stratified into a CSF α-Klotho tertile group based on the individual level. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis stratified by tertile groups were conducted. These longitudinal data were available for 255 patients. Follow-up times reached from 8.4 to 12.4 years. The stratification into PD WT and PD GBA1 was undertaken to evaluate potential continuum patterns, particularly in relation to CSF levels. RESULTS Higher CSF levels of α-Klotho were associated with a significant later onset of cognitive impairment. Elevated levels of α-Klotho in CSF were linked to higher Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in male PD patients with GBA1 mutations. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that higher CSF levels of α-Klotho are associated with a delayed cognitive decline in PD. Notably, this correlation is more prominently observed in PD patients with GBA1 mutations, potentially reflecting the accelerated biological aging profile characteristic of individuals harboring GBA1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Zimmermann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Madeleine Fandrich
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Meike Jakobi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Röben
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Wurster
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lerche
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Shahrzad Zimmermann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Deuschle
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Gasser
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Germany
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3
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Li QR, Xu HY, Ma RT, Ma YY, Chen MJ. Targeting Autophagy: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:2153-2182. [PMID: 39167303 PMCID: PMC11410753 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-024-01641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly impairs patients' quality of life, primarily because of its complications, which are the leading cause of mortality among individuals with the disease. Autophagy has emerged as a key process closely associated with DM, including its complications such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). DN is a major complication of DM, contributing significantly to chronic kidney disease and renal failure. The intricate connection between autophagy and DM, including DN, highlights the potential for new therapeutic targets. This review examines the interplay between autophagy and these conditions, aiming to uncover novel approaches to treatment and enhance our understanding of their underlying pathophysiology. It also explores the role of autophagy in maintaining renal homeostasis and its involvement in the development and progression of DM and DN. Furthermore, the review discusses natural compounds that may alleviate these conditions by modulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Rui Li
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui-Ying Xu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui-Ting Ma
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mental Health Center, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ma
- The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 Tongdao Street, Hohhot, 010050, China.
| | - Mei-Juan Chen
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Santucci L, Bernardi S, Vivarelli R, Santorelli FM, Marchese M. Glucose metabolism impairment as a hallmark of progressive myoclonus epilepsies: a focus on neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1445003. [PMID: 39364042 PMCID: PMC11447523 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1445003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the brain's main fuel source, used in both energy and molecular production. Impaired glucose metabolism is associated with adult and pediatric neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, and progressive myoclonus epilepsies (PMEs). PMEs, a group of neurological disorders typical of childhood and adolescence, account for 1% of all epileptic diseases in this population worldwide. Diffuse glucose hypometabolism is observed in the brains of patients affected by PMEs such as Lafora disease (LD), dentatorubral-pallidoluysian (DRPLA) atrophy, Unverricht-Lundborg disease (ULD), and myoclonus epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRFs). PMEs also include neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), a subgroup in which lysosomal and autophagy dysfunction leads to progressive loss of vision, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline. We examine the role of impaired glucose metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in the NCLs. Our literature review, which includes findings from case reports and animal studies, reveals that glucose hypometabolism is still poorly characterized both in vitro and in vivo in the different NCLs. Better identification of the glucose metabolism pathway impaired in the NCLs may open new avenues for evaluating the therapeutic potential of anti-diabetic agents in this population and thus raise the prospect of a therapeutic approach able to delay or even halt disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Santucci
- Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, Italy
| | - Sara Bernardi
- Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rachele Vivarelli
- Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, Italy
| | | | - Maria Marchese
- Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, Italy
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5
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Zheng Z, Zong Y, Ma Y, Tian Y, Pang Y, Zhang C, Gao J. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:234. [PMID: 39289339 PMCID: PMC11408715 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, known as GLP-1R, is a vital component of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and is found primarily on the surfaces of various cell types within the human body. This receptor specifically interacts with GLP-1, a key hormone that plays an integral role in regulating blood glucose levels, lipid metabolism, and several other crucial biological functions. In recent years, GLP-1 medications have become a focal point in the medical community due to their innovative treatment mechanisms, significant therapeutic efficacy, and broad development prospects. This article thoroughly traces the developmental milestones of GLP-1 drugs, from their initial discovery to their clinical application, detailing the evolution of diverse GLP-1 medications along with their distinct pharmacological properties. Additionally, this paper explores the potential applications of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in fields such as neuroprotection, anti-infection measures, the reduction of various types of inflammation, and the enhancement of cardiovascular function. It provides an in-depth assessment of the effectiveness of GLP-1RAs across multiple body systems-including the nervous, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and digestive systems. This includes integrating the latest clinical trial data and delving into potential signaling pathways and pharmacological mechanisms. The primary goal of this article is to emphasize the extensive benefits of using GLP-1RAs in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), neurodegenerative diseases, musculoskeletal inflammation, and various forms of cancer. The ongoing development of new indications for GLP-1 drugs offers promising prospects for further expanding therapeutic interventions, showcasing their significant potential in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Yiyang Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yucheng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yidan Pang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Shafieinouri M, Hong S, Schuh A, Makarious MB, Sandon R, Lee PS, Simmonds E, Iwaki H, Hill G, Blauwendraat C, Escott-Price V, Qi YA, Noyce AJ, Reyes-Palomares A, Leonard HL, Tansey M, Dadu A, Faghri F, Singleton A, Nalls MA, Levine KS, Bandres-Ciga S. Gut-Brain Nexus: Mapping Multi-Modal Links to Neurodegeneration at Biobank Scale. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.09.12.24313490. [PMID: 39371139 PMCID: PMC11451806 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.12.24313490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Using data from UK Biobank, SAIL Biobank, and FinnGen, we conducted an unbiased, population-scale study to: 1) Investigate how 155 endocrine, nutritional, metabolic, and digestive system disorders are associated with AD and PD risk prior to their diagnosis, considering known genetic influences; 2) Assess plasma biomarkers' specificity for AD or PD in individuals with these conditions; 3) Develop a multi-modal classification model integrating genetics, proteomics, and clinical data relevant to conditions affecting the gut-brain axis. Our findings show that certain disorders elevate AD and PD risk before AD and PD diagnosis including: insulin and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, noninfective gastro-enteritis and colitis, functional intestinal disorders, and bacterial intestinal infections, among others. Polygenic risk scores revealed lower genetic predisposition to AD and PD in individuals with co-occurring disorders in the study categories, underscoring the importance of regulating the gut-brain axis to potentially prevent or delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. The proteomic profile of AD/PD cases was influenced by comorbid endocrine, nutritional, metabolic, and digestive systems conditions. Importantly, we developed multi-modal prediction models integrating clinical, genetic, proteomic and demographic data, the combination of which performs better than any single paradigm approach in disease classification. This work aims to illuminate the intricate interplay between various physiological factors involved in the gut-brain axis and the development of AD and PD, providing a multifactorial systemic understanding that goes beyond traditional approaches.
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7
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Poblano J, Castillo-Tobías I, Berlanga L, Tamayo-Ordoñez MC, Del Carmen Rodríguez-Salazar M, Silva-Belmares SY, Aguayo-Morales H, Cobos-Puc LE. Drugs targeting APOE4 that regulate beta-amyloid aggregation in the brain: Therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 135:237-249. [PMID: 39020526 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, and behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia are common. The APOE ε4 allele, a genetic risk factor, significantly increases susceptibility to the disease. Despite efforts to effectively treat the disease, only seven drugs are approved for its treatment, and only two of these prevent its progression. This highlights the need to identify new pharmacological options. This review focuses on mimetic peptides, small molecule correctors and HAE-4 antibodies that target ApoE. These drugs reduce β-amyloid-induced neurodegeneration in preclinical models. In addition, loop diuretics such as bumetanide and furosemide show the potential to reduce the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in humans, and antidepressants such as imipramine improve cognitive function in individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Consistent with this, both classes of drugs have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects by inhibiting ApoE4-catalysed Aβ aggregation in preclinical models. Moreover, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands, particularly pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, reduce ApoE4-induced neurodegeneration in animal models. However, they do not prevent the cognitive decline in APOE ε4 allele carriers. Finally, ApoE4 impairs the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and haemostasis. On this basis, ApoE4 modulation is a promising avenue for the treatment of late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Poblano
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Ileana Castillo-Tobías
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Lia Berlanga
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Hilda Aguayo-Morales
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Luis E Cobos-Puc
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
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8
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Ríos JA, Bórquez JC, Godoy JA, Zolezzi JM, Furrianca MC, Inestrosa NC. Emerging role of Metformin in Alzheimer's disease: A translational view. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102439. [PMID: 39074563 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes a major public-health issue of our time. Regrettably, despite our considerable understanding of the pathophysiological aspects of this disease, current interventions lead to poor outcomes. Furthermore, experimentally promising compounds have continuously failed when translated to clinical trials. Along with increased population ageing, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has become an extremely common condition, mainly due to unbalanced dietary habits. Substantial epidemiological evidence correlates T2DM with cognitive impairment as well. Considering that brain insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and amyloidogenesis are common phenomena, further approaching the common features among these pathological conditions. Metformin constitutes the first-choice drug to preclude insulin resistance in T2DM clinical management. Experimental evidence suggests that its functions might include neuroprotective effects, in addition to its hypoglycemic activity. This review aims to summarize and discuss current knowledge of experimental data on metformin on this path towards translational medicine. Finally, we discuss the controversial data of responses to metformin in vitro, and in vivo, animal models and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juvenal A Ríos
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Bórquez
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Juan A Godoy
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan M Zolezzi
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | | | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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Chen Z, Wang X, Teng Z, Huang J, Mo J, Qu C, Wu Y, Liu Z, Liu F, Xia K. A comprehensive assessment of the association between common drugs and psychiatric disorders using Mendelian randomization and real-world pharmacovigilance database. EBioMedicine 2024; 107:105314. [PMID: 39191171 PMCID: PMC11400609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medications prescribed for chronic diseases can lead to short-term neuropsychiatric symptoms, but their long-term effects on brain structures and psychiatric conditions remain unclear. METHODS We comprehensively analyzed the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database and conducted drug target Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies on six categories of common drugs, 477 brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) and eight psychiatric disorders. Genetic instruments were extracted from expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in blood, brain, and other target tissues, protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) in blood, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of hemoglobin and cholesterol. Summary statistics for brain IDPs, psychiatric disorders, and gut microbiome were obtained from the BIG40, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, and MiBioGen. A two-step MR and mediation analysis were employed to screen possible mediators of drug-IDP effects from 119 gut microbiota genera and identify their mediation proportions. FINDINGS Among 19 drug classes, six drugs were found to be associated with higher risks of psychiatric adverse events, while 11 drugs were associated with higher risks of gastrointestinal adverse events in the FAERS analysis. We identified ten drug-psychiatric disorder associations, 202 drug-IDP associations, 16 drug-microbiota associations, and four drug-microbiota-IDP causal links. For example, PPARG activation mediated HbA1c reduction caused a higher risk of bipolar disorder (BD) II. Genetically proxied GLP-1R agonists were significantly associated with an increase in the volume of the CA3-head of the right hippocampus and the area of the left precuneus cortex, both of which have been shown to correlate with cognition in previous studies. INTERPRETATION Common drugs may affect brain structure and risk of psychiatric disorder. Oral medications in particular may exert some of these effects by influencing gut microbiota. This study calls for greater attention to be paid to the neuropsychiatric adverse effects of drugs and encourages drug repurposing. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 82330035, 82130043, 82172685, and 82001223), National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (grant No. 2021SK1010), and the Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Changsha (grant No. kq2209006).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pediatric Rare Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, China; Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
| | - Ziwei Teng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (Hunan Second People's Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Jing Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianzhong Mo
- The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunrun Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
| | - Yinghua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, China; Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Fangkun Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pediatric Rare Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, China; Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Kun Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pediatric Rare Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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10
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Tang H, Lu Y, Okun MS, Donahoo WT, Ramirez-Zamora A, Wang F, Huang Y, Armstrong M, Svensson M, Virnig BA, DeKosky ST, Bian J, Guo J. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 39189078 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) may have a disease-modifying effect in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), but population studies yielded inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare the risk of PD associated with GLP-1RAs compared to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) among older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Using U.S. Medicare administrative data from 2016 to 2020, we conducted a population-based cohort study comparing the new use of GLP-1RA with the new use of DPP4i among adults aged ≥66 years with T2D. The primary endpoint was a new diagnosis of PD. A stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (sIPTW)-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for PD between GLP-1RA and DPP4i users. RESULTS This study included 89,074 Medicare beneficiaries who initiated either GLP-1RA (n = 30,091) or DPP4i (n = 58,983). The crude incidence rate of PD was lower among GLP-1RA users than DPP4i users (2.85 vs. 3.92 patients per 1000 person-years). An sIPTW-adjusted Cox model showed that GLP-1RA users were associated with a 23% lower risk of PD than DPP4i users (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.95). Our findings were largely consistent across different subgroup analyses such as sex, race, and molecular structure of GLP-1RA. CONCLUSION Among Medicare beneficiaries with T2D, the new use of GLP-1RAs was significantly associated with a decreased risk of PD compared to the new use of DPP4i. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael S Okun
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - William T Donahoo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Melissa Armstrong
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mikael Svensson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Beth A Virnig
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Steven T DeKosky
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jingchuan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Xia Y, Zhang J, Chen L. Recent advances in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, clinical trials and new drug development strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:211. [PMID: 39174535 PMCID: PMC11344989 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as the predominant form of dementia, presenting significant and escalating global challenges. Its etiology is intricate and diverse, stemming from a combination of factors such as aging, genetics, and environment. Our current understanding of AD pathologies involves various hypotheses, such as the cholinergic, amyloid, tau protein, inflammatory, oxidative stress, metal ion, glutamate excitotoxicity, microbiota-gut-brain axis, and abnormal autophagy. Nonetheless, unraveling the interplay among these pathological aspects and pinpointing the primary initiators of AD require further elucidation and validation. In the past decades, most clinical drugs have been discontinued due to limited effectiveness or adverse effects. Presently, available drugs primarily offer symptomatic relief and often accompanied by undesirable side effects. However, recent approvals of aducanumab (1) and lecanemab (2) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) present the potential in disrease-modifying effects. Nevertheless, the long-term efficacy and safety of these drugs need further validation. Consequently, the quest for safer and more effective AD drugs persists as a formidable and pressing task. This review discusses the current understanding of AD pathogenesis, advances in diagnostic biomarkers, the latest updates of clinical trials, and emerging technologies for AD drug development. We highlight recent progress in the discovery of selective inhibitors, dual-target inhibitors, allosteric modulators, covalent inhibitors, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) modulators. Our goal is to provide insights into the prospective development and clinical application of novel AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinglu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, TN, USA
| | - Yilin Xia
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Xing C, Liu S, Wang L, Ma H, Zhou M, Zhong H, Zhu S, Wu Q, Ning G. Metformin enhances endogenous neural stem cells proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and inhibits ferroptosis through activating AMPK pathway after spinal cord injury. J Transl Med 2024; 22:723. [PMID: 39103875 PMCID: PMC11302024 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate nerve regeneration and an inhibitory local microenvironment are major obstacles to the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI). The activation and differentiation fate regulation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) represent one of the most promising repair approaches. Metformin has been extensively studied for its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and autophagy-regulating properties in central nervous system diseases. However, the effects of metformin on endogenous NSCs remains to be elucidated. METHODS The proliferation and differentiation abilities of NSCs were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, EdU/Ki67 staining and immunofluorescence staining. Changes in the expression of key proteins related to ferroptosis in NSCs were detected using Western Blot and immunofluorescence staining. The levels of reactive oxygen species, glutathione and tissue iron were measured using corresponding assay kits. Changes in mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential were observed using transmission electron microscopy and JC-1 fluorescence probe. Locomotor function recovery after SCI in rats was assessed through BBB score, LSS score, CatWalk gait analysis, and electrophysiological testing. The expression of the AMPK pathway was examined using Western Blot. RESULTS Metformin promoted the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, a ferroptosis model of NSCs using erastin treatment was established in vitro, and metformin treatment could reverse the changes in the expression of key ferroptosis-related proteins, increase glutathione synthesis, reduce reactive oxygen species production and improve mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology. Moreover, metformin administration improved locomotor function recovery and histological outcomes following SCI in rats. Notably, all the above beneficial effects of metformin were completely abolished upon addition of compound C, a specific inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). CONCLUSION Metformin, driven by canonical AMPK-dependent regulation, promotes proliferation and neuronal differentiation of endogenous NSCs while inhibiting ferroptosis, thereby facilitating recovery of locomotor function following SCI. Our study further elucidates the protective mechanism of metformin in SCI, providing new mechanistic insights for its candidacy as a therapeutic agent for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyue Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongpeng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Shibo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord lnjury, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China.
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Drake ES, Marino AB, Theroux JD, Roberts K. GLP-1 RAs: The newest powerhouse in metabolic medicine. Nurse Pract 2024; 49:34-40. [PMID: 39049152 DOI: 10.1097/01.npr.0000000000000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In the last decade, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (RA) drug class has revolutionized treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus and some of its comorbidities, including obesity and cardiovascular disease. Continued advancements in the GLP-1 RA space show clinical promise for patients, though challenges-including barriers to care such as drug expense and availability-exist. This article provides an overview of available GLP-1 RAs and their mechanisms of action, indications, adverse reactions, and risks, providing practical pearls for providers along the way.
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14
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Peng Y, Yao SY, Chen Q, Jin H, Du MQ, Xue YH, Liu S. True or false? Alzheimer's disease is type 3 diabetes: Evidences from bench to bedside. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102383. [PMID: 38955264 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Globally, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread chronic neurodegenerative disorder, leading to cognitive impairment, such as aphasia and agnosia, as well as mental symptoms, like behavioral abnormalities, that place a heavy psychological and financial burden on the families of the afflicted. Unfortunately, no particular medications exist to treat AD, as the current treatments only impede its progression.The link between AD and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasingly revealed by research; the danger of developing both AD and T2D rises exponentially with age, with T2D being especially prone to AD. This has propelled researchers to investigate the mechanism(s) underlying this connection. A critical review of the relationship between insulin resistance, Aβ, oxidative stress, mitochondrial hypothesis, abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein, inflammatory response, high blood glucose levels, neurotransmitters and signaling pathways, vascular issues in AD and diabetes, and the similarities between the two diseases, is presented in this review. Grasping the essential mechanisms behind this detrimental interaction may offer chances to devise successful therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China.
| | - Shun-Yu Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Miao-Qiao Du
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Hui Xue
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
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15
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Abdulhameed N, Babin A, Hansen K, Weaver R, Banks WA, Talbot K, Rhea EM. Comparing regional brain uptake of incretin receptor agonists after intranasal delivery in CD-1 mice and the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:173. [PMID: 39085976 PMCID: PMC11293113 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Targeting brain insulin resistance (BIR) has become an attractive alternative to traditional therapeutic treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Incretin receptor agonists (IRAs), targeting either or both of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors, have proven to reverse BIR and improve cognition in mouse models of AD. We previously showed that many, but not all, IRAs can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after intravenous (IV) delivery. Here we determined if widespread brain uptake of IRAs could be achieved by circumventing the BBB using intranasal (IN) delivery, which has the added advantage of minimizing adverse gastrointestinal effects of systemically delivered IRAs. Of the 5 radiolabeled IRAs tested (exenatide, dulaglutide, semaglutide, DA4-JC, and DA5-CH) in CD-1 mice, exenatide, dulaglutide, and DA4-JC were successfully distributed throughout the brain following IN delivery. We observed significant sex differences in uptake for DA4-JC. Dulaglutide and DA4-JC exhibited high uptake by the hippocampus and multiple neocortical areas. We further tested and found the presence of AD-associated Aβ pathology minimally affected uptake of dulaglutide and DA4-JC. Of the 5 tested IRAs, dulaglutide and DA4-JC are best capable of accessing brain regions most vulnerable in AD (neocortex and hippocampus) after IN administration. Future studies will need to be performed to determine if IN IRA delivery can reduce BIR in AD or animal models of that disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Abdulhameed
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Alice Babin
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Kim Hansen
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Riley Weaver
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - William A Banks
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98498, USA
| | - Konrad Talbot
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Pathology and Human Anatomy, and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Elizabeth M Rhea
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98498, USA.
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16
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Gao X, Li Q, Hao J, Sun K, Feng H, Guo K, Gao C. Therapeutic effects of exendin-4 on spinal cord injury via restoring autophagy function and decreasing necroptosis in neuron. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14835. [PMID: 39004783 PMCID: PMC11246977 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Necroptosis is one of programmed death that may aggravate spinal cord injury (SCI). We aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of exendin-4 (EX-4) on the recovery of motor function and necroptosis after SCI. METHODS The SD rats with left hemisection in the T10 spinal cord as SCI model were used. The behavior tests were measured within 4 weeks. The effects of EX-4 on necroptosis-associated proteins and autophagy flux were explored. In addition, the SHSY5Y cell model was introduced to explore the direct effect of EX-4 on neurons. The effect of lysosome was explored using mTOR activator and AO staining. RESULTS EX-4 could improve motor function and limb strength, promote the recovery of autophagy flux, and accelerate the degradation of necroptosis-related protein at 3 d after injury in rats. EX-4 reduced lysosome membrane permeability, promoted the recovery of lysosome function and autophagy flux, and accelerated the degradation of necroptosis-related proteins by inhibiting the phosphorylation level of mTOR in the SHSY5Y cell model. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that EX-4 may improve motor function after SCI via inhibiting mTOR phosphorylation level and accelerating the degradation of necroptosis-related proteins in neurons. Our findings may provide new therapeutic targets for clinical treatment after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gao
- Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Qu‐Peng Li
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Jing‐Ru Hao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia ApplicationXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Kai Sun
- Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia ApplicationXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Hu Feng
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Kai‐Jin Guo
- Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Can Gao
- Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia ApplicationXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
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Muleiro Alvarez M, Cano-Herrera G, Osorio Martínez MF, Vega Gonzales-Portillo J, Monroy GR, Murguiondo Pérez R, Torres-Ríos JA, van Tienhoven XA, Garibaldi Bernot EM, Esparza Salazar F, Ibarra A. A Comprehensive Approach to Parkinson's Disease: Addressing Its Molecular, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7183. [PMID: 39000288 PMCID: PMC11241043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a gradually worsening neurodegenerative disorder affecting the nervous system, marked by a slow progression and varied symptoms. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting over six million people in the world. Its multifactorial etiology includes environmental, genomic, and epigenetic factors. Clinical symptoms consist of non-motor and motor symptoms, with motor symptoms being the classic presentation. Therapeutic approaches encompass pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and surgical interventions. Traditional pharmacological treatment consists of administering drugs (MAOIs, DA, and levodopa), while emerging evidence explores the potential of antidiabetic agents for neuroprotection and gene therapy for attenuating parkinsonian symptoms. Non-pharmacological treatments, such as exercise, a calcium-rich diet, and adequate vitamin D supplementation, aim to slow disease progression and prevent complications. For those patients who have medically induced side effects and/or refractory symptoms, surgery is a therapeutic option. Deep brain stimulation is the primary surgical option, associated with motor symptom improvement. Levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel infusion through percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy and a portable infusion pump succeeded in reducing "off" time, where non-motor and motor symptoms occur, and increasing "on" time. This article aims to address the general aspects of PD and to provide a comparative comprehensive review of the conventional and the latest therapeutic advancements and emerging treatments for PD. Nevertheless, further studies are required to optimize treatment and provide suitable alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Muleiro Alvarez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Campus México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Cano-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Campus México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda Osorio Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Campus México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | | | - Germán Rivera Monroy
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Campus México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Renata Murguiondo Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Campus México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alejandro Torres-Ríos
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Campus México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Ximena A. van Tienhoven
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Campus México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Marcelo Garibaldi Bernot
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Campus México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Felipe Esparza Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Campus México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Campus México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
- Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados en Sanidad, Ciudad de México 11200, Mexico
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Tong B, Ba Y, Li Z, Yang C, Su K, Qi H, Zhang D, Liu X, Wu Y, Chen Y, Ling J, Zhang J, Yin X, Yu P. Targeting dysregulated lipid metabolism for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: Current advancements and future prospects. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 196:106505. [PMID: 38642715 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are two of the most frequent neurological diseases. The clinical features of AD are memory decline and cognitive dysfunction, while PD mainly manifests as motor dysfunction such as limb tremors, muscle rigidity abnormalities, and slow gait. Abnormalities in cholesterol, sphingolipid, and glycerophospholipid metabolism have been demonstrated to directly exacerbate the progression of AD by stimulating Aβ deposition and tau protein tangles. Indirectly, abnormal lipids can increase the burden on brain vasculature, induce insulin resistance, and affect the structure of neuronal cell membranes. Abnormal lipid metabolism leads to PD through inducing accumulation of α-syn, dysfunction of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, and ferroptosis. Great progress has been made in targeting lipid metabolism abnormalities for the treatment of AD and PD in recent years, like metformin, insulin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) agonists, and monoclonal antibodies targeting apolipoprotein E (ApoE). This review comprehensively summarizes the involvement of dysregulated lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of AD and PD, the application of Lipid Monitoring, and emerging lipid regulatory drug targets. A better understanding of the lipidological bases of AD and PD may pave the way for developing effective prevention and treatment methods for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tong
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yaoqi Ba
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhengyang Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Caidi Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Kangtai Su
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Haodong Qi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China; Center for Clinical Precision Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China; Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China; Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China; Center for Clinical Precision Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China.
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19
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Irfan H, Muneer SU, Maheshwari AB, Kumar N, Iftikhar S. Lixisenatide in early parkinson's disease: efficacy, safety, and future directions: a correspondence. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:232. [PMID: 38787469 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) presents as a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, resulting from dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Current treatment strategies primarily aim to alleviate symptoms through pharmacotherapy and supportive therapies. However, emerging research explores novel therapeutic avenues, including the repurposing of drugs like lixisenatide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist initially developed for type 2 diabetes. This correspondence summarizes a phase 2 clinical trial investigating lixisenatide's efficacy in early PD, demonstrating a potential for mitigating motor disability progression. Findings reveal a marginal improvement or stabilization in motor function among lixisenatide-treated individuals compared to placebo, emphasizing its therapeutic promise. Nonetheless, the emergence of gastrointestinal adverse events underscores the need for careful monitoring and management. Further extensive trials are warranted to delineate lixisenatide's efficacy and safety profile, fostering collaborative efforts towards precision treatments in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Irfan
- Department of Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College, G855 + XRM, Sheikh Zayed Medical Complex, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Block D Muslim Town, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Siraj Ul Muneer
- Department of Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College, G855 + XRM, Sheikh Zayed Medical Complex, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Block D Muslim Town, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ashoney Bai Maheshwari
- Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, C7P9 + 4W6, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Nikil Kumar
- Jinnah Medical and Dental College, 22-23 Shaheed-e-Millat Rd, Bihar Muslim Society BMCHS Sharafabad, Karachi City, Sindh, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Sana Iftikhar
- Department of Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College, G855 + XRM, Sheikh Zayed Medical Complex, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Block D Muslim Town, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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20
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Kim AY, Al Jerdi S, MacDonald R, Triggle CR. Alzheimer's disease and its treatment-yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1399121. [PMID: 38868666 PMCID: PMC11167451 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1399121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alois Alzheimer described the first patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 1907 and today AD is the most frequently diagnosed of dementias. AD is a multi-factorial neurodegenerative disorder with familial, life style and comorbidity influences impacting a global population of more than 47 million with a projected escalation by 2050 to exceed 130 million. In the USA the AD demographic encompasses approximately six million individuals, expected to increase to surpass 13 million by 2050, and the antecedent phase of AD, recognized as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), involves nearly 12 million individuals. The economic outlay for the management of AD and AD-related cognitive decline is estimated at approximately 355 billion USD. In addition, the intensifying prevalence of AD cases in countries with modest to intermediate income countries further enhances the urgency for more therapeutically and cost-effective treatments and for improving the quality of life for patients and their families. This narrative review evaluates the pathophysiological basis of AD with an initial focus on the therapeutic efficacy and limitations of the existing drugs that provide symptomatic relief: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) receptor allosteric modulator, memantine. The hypothesis that amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau are appropriate targets for drugs and have the potential to halt the progress of AD is critically analyzed with a particular focus on clinical trial data with anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies (MABs), namely, aducanumab, lecanemab and donanemab. This review challenges the dogma that targeting Aβ will benefit the majority of subjects with AD that the anti-Aβ MABs are unlikely to be the "magic bullet". A comparison of the benefits and disadvantages of the different classes of drugs forms the basis for determining new directions for research and alternative drug targets that are undergoing pre-clinical and clinical assessments. In addition, we discuss and stress the importance of the treatment of the co-morbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity and depression that are known to increase the risk of developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Y. Kim
- Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - R. MacDonald
- Health Sciences Library, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - C. R. Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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21
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Yin H, Liu R, Bie L. Gastrodin ameliorates neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease mice by inhibiting NF-κB signaling activation via PPARγ stimulation. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:8657-8666. [PMID: 38752930 PMCID: PMC11164526 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM We investigated the effects and targets of gastrodin (GAS) for improving cognitive ability in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS The targets and mechanisms of GAS were analyzed by network pharmacology. Morris water and eight-arm radial mazes were used to detect the behaviors of 7-months-old APP/PS1 mice. The levels of IBA-1 and PPARγ were examined by histochemical staining, nerve cells were detected by Nissl staining, inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA, and protein expressions were monitored by Western blotting. The neurobehavioral effects of GAS on mice were detected after siRNA silencing of PPARγ. Microglia were cultured in vitro and Aβ1-42 was used to simulate the pathology of AD. After treatment with GAS, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and proteins were assayed. RESULTS Network pharmacological analysis revealed that PPARγ was the action target of GAS. By stimulating PPARγ, GAS inhibited NF-κB signaling activation and decreased neuroinflammation and microglial activation, thereby ameliorating the cognitive ability of AD mice. After silencing PPARγ, GAS could not further improve such cognitive ability. Cellular-level results demonstrated that GAS inhibited microglial injury, reduced tissue inflammation, and activated PPARγ. CONCLUSIONS GAS can regulate microglia-mediated inflammatory response by stimulating PPARγ and inhibiting NF-κB activation, representing a mechanism whereby it improves the cognitive behavior of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Yin
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, Bethune First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Renjie Liu
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Li Bie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
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22
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Gunturu S. The Potential Role of GLP-1 Agonists in Psychiatric Disorders: A Paradigm Shift in Mental Health Treatment. Indian J Psychol Med 2024; 46:193-195. [PMID: 38699771 PMCID: PMC11062310 DOI: 10.1177/02537176241246744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sasidhar Gunturu
- Dept. of Psychiatry, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, New York, USA
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23
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Tamayo-Trujillo R, Ruiz-Pozo VA, Cadena-Ullauri S, Guevara-Ramírez P, Paz-Cruz E, Zambrano-Villacres R, Simancas-Racines D, Zambrano AK. Molecular mechanisms of semaglutide and liraglutide as a therapeutic option for obesity. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1398059. [PMID: 38742021 PMCID: PMC11090168 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1398059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic global health problem, is associated with an increase in various comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and certain types of cancer. The increasing global prevalence of obesity requires research into new therapeutic strategies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, specifically semaglutide and liraglutide, designed for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment, have been explored as drugs for the treatment of obesity. This minireview describes the molecular mechanisms of semaglutide and liraglutide in different metabolic pathways, and its mechanism of action in processes such as appetite regulation, insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure, and lipid metabolism. Finally, several clinical trial outcomes are described to show the safety and efficacy of these drugs in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Cadena-Ullauri
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Elius Paz-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Daniel Simancas-Racines
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
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24
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Ribarič S. The Contribution of Type 2 Diabetes to Parkinson's Disease Aetiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4358. [PMID: 38673943 PMCID: PMC11050090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are chronic disorders that have a significant health impact on a global scale. Epidemiological, preclinical, and clinical research underpins the assumption that insulin resistance and chronic inflammation contribute to the overlapping aetiologies of T2D and PD. This narrative review summarises the recent evidence on the contribution of T2D to the initiation and progression of PD brain pathology. It also briefly discusses the rationale and potential of alternative pharmacological interventions for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Ribarič
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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25
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Sahu M, Vashishth S, Kukreti N, Gulia A, Russell A, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Synergizing drug repurposing and target identification for neurodegenerative diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 205:111-169. [PMID: 38789177 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite dedicated research efforts, the absence of disease-curing remedies for neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) continues to jeopardize human society and stands as a challenge. Drug repurposing is an attempt to find new functionality of existing drugs and take it as an opportunity to discourse the clinically unmet need to treat neurodegeneration. However, despite applying this approach to rediscover a drug, it can also be used to identify the target on which a drug could work. The primary objective of target identification is to unravel all the possibilities of detecting a new drug or repurposing an existing drug. Lately, scientists and researchers have been focusing on specific genes, a particular site in DNA, a protein, or a molecule that might be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. However, the new era discusses directing the signaling mechanism involved in the disease progression, where receptors, ion channels, enzymes, and other carrier molecules play a huge role. This review aims to highlight how target identification can expedite the whole process of drug repurposing. Here, we first spot various target-identification methods and drug-repositioning studies, including drug-target and structure-based identification studies. Moreover, we emphasize various drug repurposing approaches in NDDs, namely, experimental-based, mechanism-based, and in silico approaches. Later, we draw attention to validation techniques and stress on drugs that are currently undergoing clinical trials in NDDs. Lastly, we underscore the future perspective of synergizing drug repurposing and target identification in NDDs and present an unresolved question to address the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Shrutikirti Vashishth
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Neha Kukreti
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Ashima Gulia
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Russell
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, SRM University, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India.
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26
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Lenzi J, Messina R, Rosa S, Iommi M, Rucci P, Pia Fantini M, Di Bartolo P. A multi-state analysis of disease trajectories and mental health transitions in patients with type 2 diabetes: A population-based retrospective cohort study utilizing health administrative data. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 209:111561. [PMID: 38325659 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the risk of major depression and dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes, including dementia resulting from depression, and their impact on diabetes-related complications and mortality. METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study including 11,441 incident cases of diabetes in 2015-2017, with follow-up until 2022. A multi-state survival analysis was performed on a seven-state model with 15 transitions to capture disease progression and onset of mental disorders. RESULTS Eight-year probabilities of depression, dementia, diabetes-related complications, and death were 9.7% (95% CI 8.7-10.7), 0.9% (95% CI 0.5-1.3), 10.4% (95% CI 9.5-11.4), and 14.8% (95% CI 13.9-15.7), respectively. Depression increased the risk of dementia up to 3.7% (95% CI 2.0-5.4), and up to 10.3% (95% CI 0.3-20.4) if coupled with diabetes complications. Eight-year mortality was 37.5% (95% CI 33.1-42.0) after depression, 74.1% (95% CI 63.7-84.5) after depression plus complications, 76.4% (95% CI 68.8-83.9) after dementia, and 98.6% (95% CI 96.1-100.0) after dementia plus complications. CONCLUSIONS The interconnections observed across depression, dementia, complications, and mortality underscore the necessity for comprehensive and integrated approaches in managing diabetes. Early screening for depression, followed by timely and targeted interventions, may mitigate the risk of dementia and improve diabetes prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Lenzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Messina
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Simona Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marica Iommi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Rucci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Fantini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Bartolo
- Diabetes Unit, Local Healthcare Authority of Romagna, Ravenna, Italy
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27
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Mai AS, Tan BJW, Sun QY, Tan EK. Association between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:561. [PMID: 38256693 PMCID: PMC10816052 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
While much evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), the relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and PD is unclear. To study their association, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using the following statistical methods: inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weight median, and weighted mode. Independent datasets with no sample overlap were retrieved from the IEU GWAS platform. All the MR methods found a lower risk of PD in T1DM (IVW-OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.91-0.96, p = 3.12 × 10-5; MR-Egger-OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.98, p = 1.45 × 10-2; weighted median-OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89-0.98, p = 2.76 × 10-3; and weighted mode-OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.9-0.98, p = 1.58 × 10-2). The findings were then replicated with another independent GWAS dataset on T1DM (IVW-OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.99, p = 3.10 × 10-3; MR-Egger-OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99, p = 1.08 × 10-2; weighted median-OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-0.99, p = 1.88 × 10-2; weighted mode-OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-0.99, p = 1.43 × 10-2). Thus, our study provides evidence that T1DM may have a protective effect on PD risk, though further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Shengting Mai
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Brendan Jen-Wei Tan
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Qiao-Yang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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28
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Geng C, Meng K, Zhao B, Liu X, Tang Y. Causal relationships between type 1 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:53. [PMID: 38229119 PMCID: PMC10790511 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous compelling evidence suggests an association between Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and neurodegenerative diseases. However, it remains uncertain whether Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) exerts a causal influence on the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Consequently, this study employed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal relationship between T1DM and the genetic susceptibility to AD and PD. METHODS We utilized large-scale cohorts derived from publicly available genome-wide association study datasets involving European populations to perform MR analyses. The primary analytical method employed was the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses, including assessments of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, were carried out using Cochran's Q, MR-Egger intercept, and MR-PRESSO tests to enhance the robustness of our conclusions. RESULTS Using the IVW-based method, the MR analysis indicated no significant association between genetically determined T1DM and AD (OR = 0.984, 95% CI: 0.958-1.011, p = 0.247). Conversely, T1DM appeared to be associated with a reduced risk of genetic susceptibility to PD (IVW: OR = 0.958, 95% CI: 0.928-0.989, p = 0.001). In the reverse direction, no evidence of reverse causality was observed between AD (OR = 1.010, 95% CI: 0.911-1.116, p = 0.881) or PD (OR = 1.164, 95% CI: 0.686-2.025, p = 0.5202) and T1DM. Additionally, our analysis found no indications of the results being influenced by horizontal pleiotropy. CONCLUSION This MR study reveals that T1DM is associated with a reduced genetic susceptibility to PD, whereas no significant genetic susceptibility is observed between T1DM and AD. These findings suggest that T1DM may have a distinct role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases compared to T2D. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and provide a more comprehensive understanding of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Geng
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ke Meng
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Rongcheng People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Weihai, China
| | - Xiaoduo Liu
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
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29
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Patil RS, Tupe RS. Communal interaction of glycation and gut microbes in diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:365-405. [PMID: 37589449 DOI: 10.1002/med.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) are increasing gradually, reflecting a global threat vis-à-vis expressing the essentiality of a substantial paradigm shift in research and remedial actions. Protein glycation is influenced by several factors, like time, temperature, pH, metal ions, and the half-life of the protein. Surprisingly, most proteins associated with metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders are generally long-lived and hence susceptible to glycation. Remarkably, proteins linked with diabetes, AD, and PD share this characteristic. This modulates protein's structure, aggregation tendency, and toxicity, highlighting renovated attention. Gut microbes and microbial metabolites marked their importance in human health and diseases. Though many scientific shreds of evidence are proposed for possible change and dysbiosis in gut flora in these diseases, very little is known about the mechanisms. Screening and unfolding their functionality in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders is essential in hunting the gut treasure. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the role of glycation as a common link in diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases, which helps to clarify if modulation of nonenzymatic glycation may act as a beneficial therapeutic strategy and gut microbes/metabolites may answer some of the crucial questions. This review briefly emphasizes the common functional attributes of glycation and gut microbes, the possible linkages, and discusses current treatment options and therapeutic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shivaji Patil
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rashmi Santosh Tupe
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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30
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López-Ojeda W, Hurley RA. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: An Introduction and Possible Implications for Neuropsychiatry. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 36:A4-86. [PMID: 38616646 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20230226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo López-Ojeda
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (López-Ojeda, Hurley); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine (López-Ojeda, Hurley) and Department of Radiology (Hurley), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C.; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley)
| | - Robin A Hurley
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (López-Ojeda, Hurley); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine (López-Ojeda, Hurley) and Department of Radiology (Hurley), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C.; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley)
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31
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Liu M, Ma N, Yang X, Sun M, Li X, Liu Y, Chang Q, Hei C. The Association of Circulating Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 with Cognitive Functions and Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:525-533. [PMID: 38669546 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that is clinically characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone that belongs to the incretin family and is released in response to nutrient intake. It plays a role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and has been suggested to be involved in maintaining the brain microenvironment. However, the role of GLP-1 in AD pathogenesis has not been fully illustrated. Objective This study aims to investigate the clinical relevance of GLP-1 in AD and the effects of GLP-1 in amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolism in vitro. Methods In this study, 39 AD patients and 120 cognitively intact controls were included. Plasma levels of GLP-1 were measured using ELISA. SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein (APP) were treated with GLP-1. Western blot analysis was used to assess the effects of GLP-1 on the metabolism of Aβ. Results Plasma GLP-1 levels were decreased with aging. Plasma GLP-1 levels were lower in AD patients in comparison with healthy older adults. Plasma GLP-1 levels were positively associated with Mini-Mental State Examination scores but negatively associated with plasma pTau181 levels. GLP-1 dose-dependently increased the area fraction of mitochondrial staining in vitro. Furthermore, GLP-1 dose-dependently promoted the α-cleavage of APP, thus reducing the generation of Aβ. Conclusions GLP-1 has neuroprotective effects in AD, and therefore the decrease in GLP-1 levels during aging might contribute to the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory for Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nenghong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory for Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Miao Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory for Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory for Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Changchun Hei
- School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory for Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Silvestro S, Raffaele I, Mazzon E. Modulating Stress Proteins in Response to Therapeutic Interventions for Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16233. [PMID: 38003423 PMCID: PMC10671288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative illness characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in motor symptoms and without debilitating motors. A hallmark of this condition is the accumulation of misfolded proteins, a phenomenon that drives disease progression. In this regard, heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a central role in the cellular response to stress, shielding cells from damage induced by protein aggregates and oxidative stress. As a result, researchers have become increasingly interested in modulating these proteins through pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions. This review aims to provide an overview of the preclinical experiments performed over the last decade in this research field. Specifically, it focuses on preclinical studies that center on the modulation of stress proteins for the treatment potential of PD. The findings display promise in targeting HSPs to ameliorate PD outcomes. Despite the complexity of HSPs and their co-chaperones, proteins such as HSP70, HSP27, HSP90, and glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) may be efficacious in slowing or preventing disease progression. Nevertheless, clinical validation is essential to confirm the safety and effectiveness of these preclinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.S.); (I.R.)
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Lisco G, De Tullio A, Iovino M, Disoteo O, Guastamacchia E, Giagulli VA, Triggiani V. Dopamine in the Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis, Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes, and Chronic Conditions of Impaired Dopamine Activity/Metabolism: Implication for Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Purposes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2993. [PMID: 38001993 PMCID: PMC10669051 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine regulates several functions, such as voluntary movements, spatial memory, motivation, sleep, arousal, feeding, immune function, maternal behaviors, and lactation. Less clear is the role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and chronic complications and conditions frequently associated with it. This review summarizes recent evidence on the role of dopamine in regulating insular metabolism and activity, the pathophysiology of traditional chronic complications associated with T2D, the pathophysiological interconnection between T2D and chronic neurological and psychiatric disorders characterized by impaired dopamine activity/metabolism, and therapeutic implications. Reinforcing dopamine signaling is therapeutic in T2D, especially in patients with dopamine-related disorders, such as Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, addictions, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. On the other hand, although specific trials are probably needed, certain medications approved for T2D (e.g., metformin, pioglitazone, incretin-based therapy, and gliflozins) may have a therapeutic role in such dopamine-related disorders due to anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, improvement in insulin signaling, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and apoptosis, restoration of striatal dopamine synthesis, and modulation of dopamine signaling associated with reward and hedonic eating. Last, targeting dopamine metabolism could have the potential for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in chronic diabetes-related complications, such as diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lisco
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Anna De Tullio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Michele Iovino
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Olga Disoteo
- Diabetology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.T.); (M.I.); (E.G.); (V.A.G.)
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Koshatwar M, Acharya S, Prasad R, Lohakare T, Wanjari M, Taksande AB. Exploring the Potential of Antidiabetic Agents as Therapeutic Approaches for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e44763. [PMID: 37809189 PMCID: PMC10556988 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are two prevalent neurodegenerative disorders with significant societal and healthcare burdens. The search for effective therapeutic approaches to combat these diseases has led to growing interest in exploring the potential of antidiabetic agents. This comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed overview of the current literature on using antidiabetic agents as therapeutic interventions for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. We discuss the underlying pathological mechanisms of these neurodegenerative diseases, including protein misfolding, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We then delve into the potential mechanisms by which antidiabetic agents may exert neuroprotective effects, including regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin signaling, anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of oxidative stress, and improvement of mitochondrial function and bioenergetics. We highlight in vitro, animal, and clinical studies that support the potential benefits of antidiabetic agents in reducing disease pathology and improving clinical outcomes. However, we also acknowledge these agents' limitations, variability in treatment response, and potential side effects. Furthermore, we explore emerging therapeutic targets and novel approaches, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, insulin sensitizer drugs, neuroinflammation-targeted therapies, and precision medicine approaches. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for further research, including large-scale clinical trials, to validate the efficacy and safety of antidiabetic agents in treating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical companies is essential in advancing the field and effectively treating patients affected by these debilitating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Koshatwar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sourya Acharya
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Roshan Prasad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Tejaswee Lohakare
- Department of Child Health Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayur Wanjari
- Department of Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Avinash B Taksande
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Gong Y, Luo H, Li Z, Feng Y, Liu Z, Chang J. Metabolic Profile of Alzheimer's Disease: Is 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid a Pertinent Metabolic Adjuster? Metabolites 2023; 13:954. [PMID: 37623897 PMCID: PMC10456792 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a significant public health concern in modern society. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which includes diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity, represents a modifiable risk factor for AD. MetS and AD are interconnected through various mechanisms, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, insulin resistance (IR), vascular impairment, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a multi-targeted and safer approach to intervention. Thus, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), a unique hydroxy fatty acid in royal jelly, has shown promising anti-neuroinflammatory, blood-brain barrier (BBB)-preserving, and neurogenesis-promoting properties. In this paper, we provide a summary of the relationship between MetS and AD, together with an introduction to 10-HDA as a potential intervention nutrient. In addition, molecular docking is performed to explore the metabolic tuning properties of 10-HDA with associated macromolecules such as GLP-1R, PPARs, GSK-3, and TREM2. In conclusion, there is a close relationship between AD and MetS, and 10-HDA shows potential as a beneficial nutritional intervention for both AD and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jie Chang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.G.)
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