1
|
Yahia S, El-Farahaty R, El-Gilany AH, Shoaib R, Ramadan R, Salem N. Serum adiponectin, body adiposity and metabolic parameters in obese Egyptian children with Down syndrome. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:1401-1410. [PMID: 34348423 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a higher risk for obesity. Adiponectin plays a crucial role in obesity-related cardiometabolic comorbidities. The study aimed to explore whether body adiposity indicators, the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, serum adiponectin and insulin resistance indices as well as the validity of serum adiponectin as a biomarker for MetS are different in prepubertal obese-DS children compared to matched obese-controls. METHODS Cross-sectional study included 150 prepubertal children classfied into three groups; obese-DS (n=50), obese-control (n=50) and normal-weight-control (n=50). Participants were evaluated for waist-circumference (WC), body adiposity, serum triglycerides, HDL-C, adiponectin and Homeostasis-Model-Assessment of Insulin-Resistance (HOMA-IR). MetS was defined using modified Adult Treatment Panel III-criteria. RESULTS Obese-DS had significantly higher WC, %body fat, total-fat mass, trunk-fat mass, trunk/appendicular-fat mass ratio, triglycerides, insulin and HOMA-IR and significantly lower HDL-C values compared to obese-control. Higher prevalence of MetS and its components were observed in obese-DS that was evident at younger age. Adiponectin was significantly lower in obese-DS compared with obese-control and in obese-DS children with MetS compared to obesecontrol with MetS. The decrease in adiponectin with increasing grades of obesity was pronounced in obese-DS. Adiponectin exhibited strong correlations with body adiposity, several MetS components and HOMA-IR in obese-DS. Adiponectin performed better as a biomarker for MetS among obese-DS (AUC=0.808) than obese-control (AUC=0.674). CONCLUSIONS Prepubertal obese-DS displayed excess body adiposity with pronounced central fat distribution, atherogenic lipid profile and higher insulin resistance compared to matched obese-control. Adiponectin performed better as potential biomarker of MetS in obese-DS than obese-control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohier Yahia
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Reham El-Farahaty
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rasha Shoaib
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | | | - Nanees Salem
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de F Rocha AR, de S Morais N, Priore SE, do C C Franceschini S. Inflammatory Biomarkers and Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: a Systematic Review. Inflammation 2021; 45:14-30. [PMID: 34546513 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been prevalent among adolescents. The association between the concentration of inflammatory markers and the individual components of the metabolic syndrome indicates that inflammation, when there is no recent or ongoing disease, mediated by an inflammatory process, is an event that may precede the development of metabolic disorders in teenagers. The objective of this study is to verify the association of inflammatory biomarkers with the components of metabolic syndrome in adolescents. From a search of 3 databases, 13 articles met the study inclusion criteria. Two investigators independently extracted data from included studies. The evaluated inflammatory biomarkers are related to the components of MetS (insulin resistance, central and visceral obesity, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia), which may increase the risk of developing the syndrome in adolescents. The results of this review are of clinical relevance, since the evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers in the presence of metabolic alterations can help to identify the risk factors that lead to the progression of MetS in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane R de F Rocha
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av PH Rolfs, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Viçosa, Brazil.
| | - Núbia de S Morais
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av PH Rolfs, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Silvia E Priore
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Sylvia do C C Franceschini
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Viçosa, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Recinella L, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Brunetti L, Leone S. Adipokines: New Potential Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Metabolic, Rheumatic, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578966. [PMID: 33192583 PMCID: PMC7662468 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its role as an energy storage organ, adipose tissue can be viewed as a dynamic and complex endocrine organ, which produces and secretes several adipokines, including hormones, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and growth and vasoactive factors. A wide body of evidence showed that adipokines play a critical role in various biological and physiological functions, among which feeding modulation, inflammatory and immune function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and blood pressure control. The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of several adipokines, including leptin, diponectin, resistin, chemerin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), vaspin, omentin, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs), family with sequence similarity to 19 member A5 (FAM19A5), wingless-type inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1), progranulin (PGRN), nesfatin-1 (nesfatin), visfatin/PBEF/NAMPT, apelin, retinol binding protein 4 (RPB4), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the regulation of insulin resistance and vascular function, as well as many aspects of inflammation and immunity and their potential role in managing obesity-associated diseases, including metabolic, osteoarticular, and cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Gabriele d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wattanapol P, Vichinsartvichai P, Sakoonwatanyoo P. Serum adiponectin is a potential biomarker for metabolic syndrome in peri-and postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:620-625. [PMID: 32233812 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1742688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases its prevalence during menopausal period and there is no appropriate marker for screening before the cardiovascular damage begun. This study aims to find the diagnostic accuracy and the appropriate cutoff level of serum adiponectin for the screening of MetS in peri- and postmenopausal women. Women aged at least 40 years old attending health checkup clinic were recruited. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, MENQOL, and blood chemistry (glucose, adiponectin, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG) were recorded. MetS was defined by JIS 2009 criteria. 290 peri-and postmenopausal women mean age 54.25 ± 8.6 years were recruited. 66% was postmenopause and 21.4% of them has MetS. The socioeconomic and lifestyle factors seem similar among women with and without MetS. In the participants with MetS, the prevalence of abdominal obesity was higher (96.8% vs 49.6%, p < .001, respectively) and more prevalence of android fat distribution pattern was observed (76.2% vs 36%, p < .001, respectively). Serum adiponectin was significantly lower in women with MetS (6.0 ± 4.6 vs 9.2 ± 5.2 μg/mL, p < .001 in MetS and non-MetS, respectively). Serum adiponectin is a good biomarker for MetS and we recommend the cutoff level of serum adiponectin lower than 7.15 μg/mL for screening of MetS (AUC (95% CI) of = 0.72 (0.64-0.79), p < .001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puntabut Wattanapol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patsama Vichinsartvichai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prirayapak Sakoonwatanyoo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adolescent Obesity: Diet Quality, Psychosocial Health, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010043. [PMID: 31877943 PMCID: PMC7020092 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifaceted chronic condition with several contributing causes, including biological risk factors, socioeconomic status, health literacy, and numerous environmental influences. Of particular concern are the increasing rates of obesity in children and adolescents, as rates of obesity in youth in the United States have tripled within the last three decades. Youth from historically disadvantaged backgrounds tend to have higher rates of obesity compared to other groups. Adolescents often do not meet intake recommendations for certain food groups and nutrients, which may contribute to a heightened risk of obesity. With obesity disproportionately affecting adolescents (ages 12–19 years), negative effects of excess adiposity may be particularly salient during this critical period of development. The presentation of chronic cardiometabolic disease symptoms typically observed in adults, such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation, are becoming increasingly common in adolescents with obesity. Additionally, there is dynamic interplay between obesity and psychosocial health, as adolescents with obesity may have increased levels of stress, depressive symptoms, and reduced resilience. To reduce and prevent adolescent obesity, the implementation of theory-driven multicomponent school- and community-based interventions have been suggested. These interventions promote knowledge and self-efficacy for healthful practices that have the potential to progress to sustained behavior change.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sparrenberger K, Sbaraini M, Cureau FV, Teló GH, Bahia L, Schaan BD. Higher adiponectin concentrations are associated with reduced metabolic syndrome risk independently of weight status in Brazilian adolescents. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:40. [PMID: 31149031 PMCID: PMC6534928 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between adiponectin concentrations and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk and to investigate if this association is independent of weight status in adolescents. METHODS Adiponectin concentrations and MetS risk were assessed in 4546 Brazilian adolescents (12-17 years old) enrolled in The Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents ("ERICA"), a cross-sectional multicenter study in Brazil. For analyses, adiponectin was categorized in sex and age-specific quartiles and MetS risk was expressed as a continuous score, calculated as the average of the standardized values (z-score) of the five MetS components. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the association between the quartiles of adiponectin and MetS risk. RESULTS Adiponectin was inversely associated with waist circumference and log-transformed triglycerides, and positively associated with HDL-c. We also observed an inverse association between adiponectin concentrations and MetS risk. After adjustment for sociodemographic variables, physical activity, skipping breakfast and body mass index (BMI), higher quartiles of adiponectin remained inversely associated with waist circumference and MetS risk. A direct association between adiponectin and HDL-c was also observed. In further analysis, the sample was stratified by weight status and an inverse association between quartiles of adiponectin and MetS risk was observed in both normal weight and overweight/obese adolescents. CONCLUSION Higher adiponectin concentrations were independently and inverse associated with MetS risk in Brazilian adolescents, even after adjusting for BMI. These results were similar in normal weight and overweight/obese adolescents, suggesting that adiponectin may play a role in early development of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sparrenberger
- Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Prédio 21, 6º andar, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003 Brazil
| | - Mariana Sbaraini
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Vogt Cureau
- Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Prédio 21, 6º andar, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003 Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Heiden Teló
- Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Prédio 21, 6º andar, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003 Brazil
| | - Luciana Bahia
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Beatriz D. Schaan
- Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Prédio 21, 6º andar, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003 Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Z, Liang S, Que S, Zhou L, Zheng S, Mardinoglu A. Meta-Analysis of Adiponectin as a Biomarker for the Detection of Metabolic Syndrome. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1238. [PMID: 30333754 PMCID: PMC6176651 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed the potential significance of circulating adiponectin levels with respect to the diagnosis and prediction of metabolic syndrome, but uncertainty has been noted across different cohorts. Systematic evaluation was performed for diagnostic accuracy and predictivity of adiponectin variation for metabolic syndrome in enrolled studies including 1,248 and 6,020 subjects, respectively. Adiponectin can identify metabolic syndrome with moderate accuracy (area under the curve = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.77–0.84). Heterogeneity analysis revealed that an increasing index of insulin resistance was independently associated with improving the performance of adiponectin upon metabolic syndrome diagnosis (ratio of diagnostic odds ratio = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.13–13.9). In addition, reductions in adiponectin were associated with increasing metabolic syndrome incidence in a linear dose-response manner. The risk of hypoadiponectinemia with metabolic syndrome was especially increased in men (P < 0.05). Further Mendelian randomization analysis identified that the amplified risk could be attributed to increased susceptibility (up to 7%) to insulin resistance compared with women. In conclusion, adiponectin measurement might have potential benefits in the detection of metabolic syndrome. Factors that affect insulin resistance should be considered for adjustment in future assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuheng Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Shuping Que
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang M, Tan X, Yin C, Wang L, Tie Y, Xiao Y. Serum levels of omentin-1 are increased after weight loss and are particularly associated with increases in obese children with metabolic syndrome. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:1851-1856. [PMID: 28833541 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM There have been very few paediatric studies on omentin-1, an anti-inflammatory adipokine that provides a link between adiposity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. This Chinese study evaluated the association between omentin-1 and metabolic syndrome and analysed the effect of a six-month lifestyle intervention on the levels in obese children. METHODS We recruited 119 obese outpatients (75% boys) aged 7-18 years from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, who underwent a six- month lifestyle intervention. Our controls were 55 matched children with normal weight. Anthropometric parameters, biochemical data and circulating omentin-1 levels were measured at baseline and after six months. RESULTS Of the 119 obese children, 32 (27%) had metabolic syndrome. The obese children, particularly those with metabolic syndrome, had significantly lower serum omentin-1 levels at baseline than the controls. We also found that the omentin-1 levels were negatively associated with their body mass index, waist circumference and homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. After the six-month lifestyle intervention, the obese children showed significant weight loss and their omentin-1 levels increased. CONCLUSION Serum omentin-1 was regulated by weight and seemed to be associated with children's metabolic disorders. A six-month lifestyle intervention significantly increased serum omentin-1 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Xinrui Tan
- Department of Pediatrics; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pediatrics; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Yingchun Tie
- Department of Pediatrics; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Yanfeng Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Suárez-García S, del Bas JM, Caimari A, Escorihuela RM, Arola L, Suárez M. Impact of a cafeteria diet and daily physical training on the rat serum metabolome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171970. [PMID: 28192465 PMCID: PMC5305073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity and healthy dietary patterns are commonly recommended for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is diagnosed at an alarmingly increasing rate, especially among adolescents. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the relevance of physical exercise on the modulation of the metabolome in healthy people and those with MetS. We have previously shown that treadmill exercise ameliorated different symptoms of MetS. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a MetS-inducing diet and different intensities of aerobic training on the overall serum metabolome of adolescent rats. For 8 weeks, young rats were fed either standard chow (ST) or cafeteria diet (CAF) and were subjected to a daily program of training on a treadmill at different speeds. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to identify changes in circulating metabolites, and a combination of multivariate analysis techniques was implemented to achieve a holistic understanding of the metabolome. Among all the identified circulating metabolites influenced by CAF, lysophosphatidylcholines were the most represented family. Serum sphingolipids, bile acids, acylcarnitines, unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E and A derivatives also changed significantly in CAF-fed rats. These findings suggest that an enduring systemic inflammatory state is induced by CAF. The impact of physical training on the metabolome was less striking than the impact of diet and mainly altered circulating bile acids and glycerophospholipids. Furthermore, the serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were increased in CAF-fed rats, and C-reactive protein was decreased in trained groups. The leptin/adiponectin ratio, a useful marker of MetS, was increased in CAF groups, but decreased in proportion to training intensity. Multivariate analysis revealed that ST-fed animals were more susceptible to exercise-induced changes in metabolites than animals with MetS, in which moderate-intensity seems more effective than high-intensity training. Our results indicate that CAF has a strong negative impact on the metabolome of animals that is difficult to reverse by daily exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Suárez-García
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep M. del Bas
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Escorihuela
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barbosa-Cortés L, López-Alarcón M, Mejía-Aranguré JM, Klünder-Klünder M, del Carmen Rodríguez-Zepeda M, Rivera-Márquez H, de la Vega-Martínez A, Martin-Trejo J, Shum-Luis J, Solis-Labastida K, López-Aguilar E, Matute-González G, Bernaldez-Rios R. Adipokines, insulin resistance, and adiposity as a predictors of metabolic syndrome in child survivors of lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia of a developing country. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:125. [PMID: 28193268 PMCID: PMC5307882 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing body of evidence indicating that pediatric survivors of cancer are at a greater risk of developing metabolic syndrome. This study evaluated some probable predictors of metabolic syndrome (MS), such as leptin and adiponectin concentrations, the leptin/adiponectin ratio, insulin resistance, and adiposity, in a sample of child survivors of lymphoma and leukemia in Mexico City. METHODS Fifty two children (leukemia n = 26, lymphoma n = 26), who were within the first 5 years after cessation of therapy, were considered as eligible to participate in the study. Testing included fasting insulin, glucose, adipokines and lipids; body fat mass was measured by DXA. The MS components were analyzed according to tertiles of adipokines, insulin resistance, and adiposity. Comparisons between continuous variables were performed according to the data distribution. The MS components were analyzed according to tertiles of adipokines, insulin resistance, and adiposity. With the purpose of assessing the risk of a present MS diagnosis, odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% IC) were obtained using logistic regression analysis according to the various metabolic markers. RESULTS The median children age was 12.1 years, and the interval time from the completion of therapy to study enrollment was 4 years. Among the MS components, the prevalence of HDL-C low was most common (42%), followed by central obesity (29%). The HOMA-IR (OR 9.0, 95% CI 2.0; 41.1), body fat (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.6; 19.3), leptin level (OR 5.7, 95% CI 1.6; 20.2) and leptin/adiponectin ratio (OR 9.4, 95% CI 2.0; 49.8) in the highest tertile, were predictive factors of developing MS; whereas the lowest tertile of adiponectin was associated with a protective effect but not significant. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers such as HOMA-IR, leptin and leptin/adiponectin are associated with each of the components of the MS and with a heightened risk of suffering MS among children survivors of cancer. Given the close relationship between MS with risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, it is imperative to implement prevention measures in this population and especially in developing countries where these pathologies have become the leading cause of death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Barbosa-Cortés
- Medical Nutrition Research Unit, 21st Century Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center, MexicanInstitute of Social Security, México City, México
- Medical Nutrition Research Unit, 21st Century Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores, México City, C.P. 06720 México
| | - Mardia López-Alarcón
- Medical Nutrition Research Unit, 21st Century Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center, MexicanInstitute of Social Security, México City, México
| | - Juan Manuel Mejía-Aranguré
- Health Research Coordination, 21st Century Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, México City, México
| | - Miguel Klünder-Klünder
- Department of Community Health Research, Federico Gómez Children’s, México Secretary of Health, and Research Committee, Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN), México City, México
| | - María del Carmen Rodríguez-Zepeda
- Department of Hematology, Pediatric Hospital, 21st Century National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, México City, México
| | - Hugo Rivera-Márquez
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, General Hospital of México, México Secretary of Health, México City, México
| | - Alan de la Vega-Martínez
- Medical Nutrition Research Unit, 21st Century Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center, MexicanInstitute of Social Security, México City, México
| | - Jorge Martin-Trejo
- Department of Hematology, Pediatric Hospital, 21st Century National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, México City, México
| | - Juan Shum-Luis
- Department of Hematology, Pediatric Hospital, 21st Century National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, México City, México
| | - Karina Solis-Labastida
- Department of Hematology, Pediatric Hospital, 21st Century National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, México City, México
| | - Enrique López-Aguilar
- Department of Oncology, Pediatric Hospital, 21st Century National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, México City, México
| | - Guadalupe Matute-González
- Medical Nutrition Research Unit, 21st Century Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center, MexicanInstitute of Social Security, México City, México
| | - Roberto Bernaldez-Rios
- Medical Nutrition Research Unit, 21st Century Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center, MexicanInstitute of Social Security, México City, México
- Health Research Coordination, 21st Century Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, México City, México
- Department of Community Health Research, Federico Gómez Children’s, México Secretary of Health, and Research Committee, Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN), México City, México
- Department of Hematology, Pediatric Hospital, 21st Century National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, México City, México
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, General Hospital of México, México Secretary of Health, México City, México
- Department of Oncology, Pediatric Hospital, 21st Century National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, México City, México
- Medical Nutrition Research Unit, 21st Century Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores, México City, C.P. 06720 México
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Debost-Legrand A, Warembourg C, Massart C, Chevrier C, Bonvallot N, Monfort C, Rouget F, Bonnet F, Cordier S. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and organophosphate pesticides, and markers of glucose metabolism at birth. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 146:207-17. [PMID: 26775002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence suggests that developmental exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POP) and to some non persistent pesticides may disrupt metabolic regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, and thereby contribute to the current epidemic of obesity and metabolic disorders. Quasi-experimental situations of undernutrition in utero have provided some information. However, the evidence in humans concerning the role of the prenatal environment in these disorders is contradictory, and little is known about long-term outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes, of prenatal exposure. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate the effects of prenatal exposure to POP and organophosphate pesticides on fetal markers of glucose metabolism in a sample of newborns from the Pelagie mother-child cohort in Brittany (France). METHODS Dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites of organophosphate pesticides were measured in maternal urine collected at the beginning of pregnancy. Cord blood was assayed for polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 (PCB153), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) and other POP. Insulin and adiponectin were determined in cord blood serum (n=268). RESULTS A decrease in adiponectin and insulin levels was observed with increasing levels of DDE, but only in girls and not boys. Adiponectin levels were not related to the concentrations of other POP or DAP metabolites. Decreasing insulin levels were observed with increasing PCB153 concentrations. Insulin levels increased with DAP urinary levels. Additional adjustment for BMI z-score at birth modified some of these relations. CONCLUSIONS Our observations bring support for a potential role of organophosphate pesticides and POP in alterations to glucose metabolism observable at birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Debost-Legrand
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irset), F-35043 Rennes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Santé Publique, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, EA 4681, PEPRADE, Université d'Auvergne, F- 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charline Warembourg
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irset), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes I, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Massart
- Laboratory of Hormonology, CIC-P INSERM 1414, CHU Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irset), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes I, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Bonvallot
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irset), F-35043 Rennes, France; Ecole des Hautes études en Santé Publique (EHESP), F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Christine Monfort
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irset), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes I, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Florence Rouget
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irset), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes I, F-35043 Rennes, France; Département de Pédiatrie, CHU Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Bonnet
- Université de Rennes I, F-35043 Rennes, France; Service Endocrinologie, CHU de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; Inserm U1018, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, F-94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Sylvaine Cordier
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irset), F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes I, F-35043 Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Varma MC, Kusminski CM, Azharian S, Gilardini L, Kumar S, Invitti C, McTernan PG. Metabolic endotoxaemia in childhood obesity. BMC OBESITY 2016; 3:3. [PMID: 26819711 PMCID: PMC4728817 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-016-0083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation considered as a precursor to metabolic disease; however, the underlying mechanisms for this remain unclear. Studies in adults have implicated gut derived gram-negative bacterial fragments known as lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin, activating the inflammatory response, whilst the importance in childhood obesity is unclear. The aim of this research is to understand the relationship between circulating endotoxin in childhood obesity, and its’ association with inflammatory and cardiovascular (CV) injury biomarkers. Methods Fasted blood was obtained from children with varying degrees of obesity (age: 13.9 ± 2.3Yr; BMI: 35.1 ± 5.2 Kg/m2; n = 60). Multiplex CVD biomarker immunoassays were used to determine systemic levels of inflammatory and vascular injury biomarkers, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-) 1β, 6, 8 and 10, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type-1 (sICAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as endotoxin levels. Results Endotoxin levels demonstrated a significant and positive correlation with the markers for inflammation, vascular injury and atherogenesis (TNF-α: r2 = 0.077, p < 0.05; PAI-1: r2 = 0.215, p < 0.01; sICAM-1: r2 = 0.159, p < 0.01; MMP-9: r2 = 0.159, p < 0.01; MPO: r2 = 0.07, p < 0.05; VEGF: r2 = 0.161, p < 0.01). Males demonstrated significantly higher circulating endotoxin than females (Males: 9.63 ± 5.34 EU/ml; p = 0.004; Females: 5.56 ± 4.06 EU/ml; n = 60) in these BMI and age-matched cohorts. Conclusion The present study demonstrates for the first time a significant association between circulating endotoxin and biomarkers of metabolic risk in children as young as 11 years. Thus, endotoxin-mediated sub-clinical inflammation during childhood obesity may be a key contributor to T2DM and CVD development later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudhan C Varma
- Division of Biomedical sciences,, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX UK
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Division of Biomedical sciences,, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX UK
| | - Sahar Azharian
- Division of Biomedical sciences,, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX UK
| | - Luisa Gilardini
- Department of Medical Sciences & Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Ariosto 13, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Sudhesh Kumar
- Division of Biomedical sciences,, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX UK
| | - Cecilia Invitti
- Department of Medical Sciences & Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Ariosto 13, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Philip G McTernan
- Division of Biomedical sciences,, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Robberecht H, Hermans N. Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: Biochemical Background and Clinical Significance. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:47-93. [PMID: 26808223 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome are divided into four subgroups. Although dividing them in groups has some limitations, it can be used to draw some conclusions. In a first part, the dyslipidemias and markers of oxidative stress are discussed, while inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic biomarkers are reviewed in a second part. For most of them, the biochemical background and clinical significance are discussed, although here also a well-cut separation cannot always be made. Altered levels cannot always be claimed as the cause, risk, or consequence of the syndrome. Several factors are interrelated to each other and act in a concerted, antagonistic, synergistic, or modulating way. Most important conclusions are summarized at the end of every reviewed subgroup. Genetic biomarkers or influences of various food components on concentration levels are not included in this review article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Robberecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nina Hermans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Latoch E, Muszynska-Roslan K, Panas A, Panasiuk A, Sawicka-Zukowska M, Zelazowska-Rutkowska B, Zabrocka E, Krawczuk-Rybak M. Adipokines and Insulin Resistance in Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:6349134. [PMID: 27212946 PMCID: PMC4860245 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6349134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the association between adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, and resistin), radiotherapy, measurement of body fat, and insulin resistance among young adult survivors of childhood cancer (CCS). Materials and Methods. Seventy-six survivors were included (mean age 24.1 ± 3.5 years). Insulin resistance (IR) was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). The serum levels of adipokines were assayed by immunoassays. Fat mass was evaluated by DXA. Results. Mean adiponectin level and mean body FAT were higher in the examined females than in males (10009 ± 6367 ng/mL versus 6433 ± 4136 ng/mL, p < 0.01; 35.98 ± 9.61% versus 22.7 ± 7.46%, p < 0.001). Among CCS, one of 75 patients met the criteria of insulin resistance, and in 14 patients there was impaired fasting glucose. The multiple regression model for females showed that leptin/adiponectin ratio (LA ratio) significantly affected HOMA-IR (increase of 0.024 per each unit of LA ratio; p < 0.05). Radiotherapy had no effect on serum adipokines and IR. Conclusion. The observed results support the hypothesis that adiponectin might be associated with insulin resistance and it can not be ruled out that changes in the mean level of adiponectin per FAT mass or leptin/adiponectin ratio may precede the occurrence of insulin resistance in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eryk Latoch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
- *Eryk Latoch:
| | - Katarzyna Muszynska-Roslan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agata Panas
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Panasiuk
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Beata Zelazowska-Rutkowska
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Zabrocka
- Student's Scientific Society by the Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maryna Krawczuk-Rybak
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shafiee G, Ahadi Z, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R, Ziauddin H, Larijani B, Heshmat R. Association of adiponectin and metabolic syndrome in adolescents: the caspian- III study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:89. [PMID: 26688792 PMCID: PMC4683711 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the associations between metabolic syndrome (Mets) and adiponectin concentrations in Iranian adolescents. Methods This study was conducted as a sub-study of a national school- based surveillance program in 10–18 year- old students from 27 provinces in Iran. Plasma adiponectin was measured in 180 randomly selected participants. Metabolic syndrome (Mets) was defined based on the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP- III) criteria modified for the pediatric age group. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between adiponectin and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results The median of adiponectin concentrations was significantly lower among participants with Mets [2.95 μg/ml (interquartile range 2.72–3.30)] compared with subjects without Mets [4.55 μg/ml (interquartile range 3.02–5.75)]. Adiponectin showed significant negative association with higher number of Mets components (P- trend < 0.05). Significant correlations were observed between adiponectin concentrations and metabolic parameters, except blood pressure. Significant inverse association existed between adiponectin levels and presence of Mets (OR, 0.21; 95%CI: 0.10–0.45; p < 0.001). In multivariate models, this association remained significant after adjustment for other risk factors (OR, 0.18; 95%CI: 0.07–0.47; p < 0.001. Conclusions Adiponectinhas inverse association with cardiometabolic parameters in Iranian adolescents, and it is a determinant of Mets independent of other risk factors. These findings can be used in comparison with other ethnic groups. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to assess the clinical impact of such inverse association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ahadi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Van Eyck A, Van Hoorenbeeck K, De Winter BY, Van Gaal L, De Backer W, Verhulst SL. Sleep-disordered breathing, systemic adipokine secretion, and metabolic dysregulation in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Sleep Med 2015; 30:52-56. [PMID: 28215263 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common among overweight and obese children, and it is an independent risk factor for developing metabolic syndrome. However, the mechanisms linking OSA and metabolic syndrome are still unclear, but a role for adipose tissue dysfunction caused by intermittent hypoxia has been suggested. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between OSA and systemic adipokine concentrations in overweight and obese children. METHODS We included 164 overweight and obese children in a tertiary center and distributed them in groups based on their obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (111 controls, 28 mild OSA, 25 moderate-to-severe OSA). All subjects underwent polysomnography and a blood sample was taken to determine leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 levels. RESULTS No significant differences were found in adipokine levels between subjects with or without OSA. Leptin correlated with oxygen desaturation index (r = -0.17, p = 0.03), adiponectin correlated with mean oxygen saturation (r = 0.24, p = 0.002) and with the percentage of sleep time with an oxygen saturation >95% (r = 0.25, p = 0.001). However, these associations did not persist after correction for adiposity. No correlations between interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and OSA severity were found. CONCLUSION These results suggest that serum adipokine levels are mostly dependent on central obesity, while they are not influenced by OSA in an obese pediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Van Eyck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Kim Van Hoorenbeeck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Wilfried De Backer
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Pulmonology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Stijn L Verhulst
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lausten-Thomsen U, Christiansen M, Fonvig CE, Trier C, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Holm JC. Reference values for serum total adiponectin in healthy non-obese children and adolescents. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 450:11-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
18
|
Abstract
AIMS There are three definitions belong to metabolic syndrome (MetS). These definitions have some differences that make some problem for MetS diagnosis criteria. So a new diagnosis marker can help to MetS diagnosis. The aim of this study was the assess of serum levels of leptin, total adiponectin, high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, and their ratio with MetS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched Science direct, Pubmed, and Google Scholar for related articles in English. Review studies excluded. RESULTS Of 1827 articles found, 16 articles met our inclusion criteria. leptin is higher in MetS group but adiponectin is lower (<4 μg/ml) and it shows the paradoxical effect of them in MetS. Higher L/A ratio is a better biomarker for MetS diagnosis criteria than leptin and adiponectin separately. HMW adiponectin (<2.5 μg/ml) can be the most reliable biomarker for MetS diagnosis criteria. CONCLUSION Our systematic review showed that HMW adiponectin and Leptin to adiponectin ratio should be the best biomarkers for MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Falahi
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Khalkhali Rad
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health & Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Sajjad Roosta
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health & Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Heier M, Margeirsdottir HD, Brunborg C, Hanssen KF, Dahl-Jørgensen K, Seljeflot I. Inflammation in childhood type 1 diabetes; influence of glycemic control. Atherosclerosis 2014; 238:33-7. [PMID: 25437887 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with type 1 diabetes have increased mortality from cardiovascular disease, and inflammation is important in the development of atherosclerosis. Our aim was to evaluate the extent of inflammation and the influence of glycemic control in the early phases of atherosclerosis in childhood type 1 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A population based cohort representative of all children with type 1 diabetes in Norway was studied. Diabetes patients (n = 314) were compared to healthy controls (n = 120), aged 8-18 years. Circulating levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, P-selectin, TNFα, IL-6, CRP, MCP-1, IL-18, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were measured by immunoassays. RESULTS The diabetes patients had a mean age of 13.7 (SD = 2.8) years, disease duration of 5.5 (SD = 3.4) years and HbA1c of 8.4 (SD = 1.2) % (68 mmol/mol, SD = 13.1). The levels of most of the measured markers were significantly increased in the diabetes group compared to controls. In the diabetes group, all except MCP-1 and MMP-9 were significantly correlated to HbA1c, albeit the relation to VCAM-1 was inverse. There were no significant correlations in the control group. The measured markers were only to a limited degree associated with traditional risk factors. CRP showed the most pronounced difference between diabetes patients and controls and the strongest correlation with HbA1c. The use of oral contraceptives profoundly increased CRP levels, independent of the presence of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that inflammation may play an important role in the accelerated atherosclerosis in early type 1 diabetes, and that this process seems primarily driven by hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heier
- Pediatric Department Ullevål, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hanna Dis Margeirsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway; Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian F Hanssen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- Pediatric Department Ullevål, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Clinical Heart Research and Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pérez CM, Ortiz AP, Fuentes-Mattei E, Velázquez-Torres G, Santiago D, Giovannetti K, Bernabe R, Lee MH, Yeung SCJ. High prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in Hispanic adolescents: correlations with adipocytokines and markers of inflammation. J Immigr Minor Health 2014; 16:865-73. [PMID: 23828626 PMCID: PMC3883942 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-013-9866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the association of cardiometabolic risk factors with systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and adypocytokines in a Hispanic adolescent subgroup. A clinic-based sample of 101 Puerto Rican adolescents, 48 of whom were overweight or obese based on body mass index percentiles for age and sex, was recruited during 2010. Data were collected through interviews, blood pressure and anthropometric measurements, and blood drawing. Overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 16.8 % and increased to 37.5 % among overweight/obese youth. The overweight/obese group exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher values for abdominal obesity measures, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin resistance, C peptide, high-sensitivity C reactive protein, fibrinogen, leptin, and IL-6 and lower levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin, and IGF-1. Total adiponectin significantly correlated with most cardiovascular risk factors independent of sex, Tanner stage, and adiposity. Altered cardiometabolic and adipocytokine profiles were present in this Hispanic subgroup, reinforcing the need to strengthen strategies addressing childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Pérez
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, PR, 00936-5067, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ochiai H, Shirasawa T, Nishimura R, Nanri H, Ohtsu T, Hoshino H, Tajima N, Kokaze A. Abdominal obesity and serum adiponectin complexes among population-based elementary school children in Japan: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2014; 14:81. [PMID: 24670108 PMCID: PMC3986877 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are a limited number of studies regarding the association between abdominal obesity and serum adiponectin complexes (high, medium, and low molecular weight adiponectins) among population-based elementary school children, especially in Japan, where blood collection is not usually performed during annual health examinations of school children. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between abdominal obesity and serum adiponectin complexes among population-based elementary school children in Japan. Methods Subjects were all the fourth-grade school children (9 or 10 years of age) in the town of Ina during 2005–2008 (N = 1675). The height, weight, percent body fat, and waist circumference (WC) of each subject were measured. Blood samples were drawn from subjects to measure adiponectin isoform values. Childhood abdominal obesity was defined as “a waist-to-height ratio greater than or equal to 0.5” or “a WC greater than or equal to 75 cm”. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the logistic regression model were used to analyze the association between abdominal obesity and each adiponectin isoform value. Results Data from 1654 subjects (846 boys and 808 girls) were analyzed. Adiponectin complexes were lower in the abdominal obesity group than in the non-abdominal obesity group regardless of sex. Abdominal obesity significantly increased the odds ratio (OR) for each adiponectin isoform level less than or equal to the median value in boys; the OR (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 2.50 (1.59-3.92) for high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW-adn), 2.47 (1.57-3.88) for medium molecular weight adiponectin (MMW-adn), and 1.75 (1.13-2.70) for low molecular weight adiponectin (LMW-adn). In girls, the OR (95% CI) was 1.95 (1.18-3.21) for HMW-adn, 1.40 (0.86-2.28) for MMW-adn, and 1.06 (0.65-1.70) for LMW-adn. Conclusions Abdominal obesity was associated with lower adiponectin complexes and the influence of abdominal obesity varied by adiponectin isoform. Furthermore, the impact of abdominal obesity was larger in boys than in girls. The present study results suggest that prevention of abdominal obesity could contribute to the prevention of lower adiponectin levels, especially in boys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Ochiai
- Department of Public Health, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
García-Cardona MC, Huang F, García-Vivas JM, López-Camarillo C, Del Río Navarro BE, Navarro Olivos E, Hong-Chong E, Bolaños-Jiménez F, Marchat LA. DNA methylation of leptin and adiponectin promoters in children is reduced by the combined presence of obesity and insulin resistance. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 38:1457-65. [PMID: 24549138 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epigenetic alterations have been suggested to be associated with obesity and related metabolic disorders. Here we examined the correlation between obesity and insulin resistance with the methylation frequency of the leptin (LEP) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) promoters in obese adolescents with the aim to identify epigenetic markers that might be used as tools to predict and follow up the physiological alterations associated with the development of the metabolic syndrome. SUBJECTS One hundred and six adolescents were recruited and classified according to body mass index and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance index. The circulating concentrations of leptin, adiponectin and of several metabolic markers of obesity and insulin resistance were determined by standard methods. The methylation frequency of the LEP and ADIPOQ promoters was determined by methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) in DNA obtained from peripheral blood samples. RESULTS Obese adolescents without insulin resistance showed higher and lower circulating levels of, respectively, leptin and adiponectin along with increased plasmatic concentrations of insulin and triglycerides. They also exhibited the same methylation frequency than lean subjects of the CpG sites located at -51 and -31 nt relative to the transcription start site of the LEP gene. However, the methylation frequency of these nucleotides dropped markedly in obese adolescents with insulin resistance. We found the same inverse relationship between the combined presence of obesity and insulin resistance and the methylation frequency of the CpG site located at -283 nt relative to the start site of the ADIPOQ promoter. CONCLUSIONS These observations sustain the hypothesis that epigenetic modifications might underpin the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders. They also validate the use of blood leukocytes and MS-PCR as a reliable and affordable methodology for the identification of epigenetic modifications that could be used as molecular markers to predict and follow up the physiological changes associated with obesity and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C García-Cardona
- Programa de Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - F Huang
- Laboratorio de Farmacología y Toxicología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México City, Mexico
| | - J M García-Vivas
- Programa de Biotecnología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - C López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, México City, Mexico
| | - B E Del Río Navarro
- Departamento de Alergia, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México City, Mexico
| | - E Navarro Olivos
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca Morelos, México City, Mexico
| | - E Hong-Chong
- Departamento de Farmacología, CINVESTAV-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - F Bolaños-Jiménez
- INRA, UMR1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Université, Nantes, France
| | - L A Marchat
- 1] Programa de Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico [2] Programa de Biotecnología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lima AAM, Anstead GM, Zhang Q, Figueiredo ÍL, Soares AM, Mota RMS, Lima NL, Guerrant RL, Oriá RB. Effects of glutamine alone or in combination with zinc and vitamin A on growth, intestinal barrier function, stress and satiety-related hormones in Brazilian shantytown children. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2014; 69:225-33. [PMID: 24714829 PMCID: PMC3971359 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2014(04)02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of supplemental zinc, vitamin A, and glutamine alone or in combination on growth, intestinal barrier function, stress and satiety-related hormones among Brazilian shantytown children with low median height-for-age z-scores. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in children aged two months to nine years from the urban shanty compound community of Fortaleza, Brazil. Demographic and anthropometric information was assessed. The random treatment groups available for testing (a total of 120 children) were as follows: (1) glutamine alone, n = 38; (2) glutamine plus vitamin A plus zinc, n = 37; and a placebo (zinc plus vitamin A vehicle) plus glycine (isonitrogenous to glutamine) control treatment, n = 38. Leptin, adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and plasma levels of cortisol were measured with immune-enzymatic assays; urinary lactulose/mannitol and serum amino acids were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00133406. RESULTS Glutamine treatment significantly improved weight-for-height z-scores compared to the placebo-glycine control treatment. Either glutamine alone or all nutrients combined prevented disruption of the intestinal barrier function, as measured by the percentage of lactulose urinary excretion and the lactulose:mannitol absorption ratio. Plasma leptin was negatively correlated with plasma glutamine (p = 0.002) and arginine (p = 0.001) levels at baseline. After glutamine treatment, leptin was correlated with weight-for-age (WAZ) and weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) (p≤0.002) at a 4-month follow-up. In addition, glutamine and all combined nutrients (glutamine, vitamin A, and zinc) improved the intestinal barrier function in these children. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings reveal the benefits of glutamine alone or in combination with other gut-trophic nutrients in growing children via interactions with leptin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo A M Lima
- Center for Global Health, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Clinical Research Unit & Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Qiong Zhang
- Center for Global Health, Division of infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ítalo L Figueiredo
- Center for Global Health, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Clinical Research Unit & Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alberto M Soares
- Center for Global Health, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Clinical Research Unit & Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rosa M S Mota
- Center for Global Health, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Clinical Research Unit & Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Noélia L Lima
- Center for Global Health, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Clinical Research Unit & Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Richard L Guerrant
- Center for Global Health, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Clinical Research Unit & Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Center for Global Health, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Clinical Research Unit & Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Siegrist M, Hanssen H, Neidig M, Fuchs M, Lechner F, Stetten M, Blume K, Lammel C, Haller B, Vogeser M, Parhofer KG, Halle M. Association of leptin and insulin with childhood obesity and retinal vessel diameters. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 38:1241-7. [PMID: 24301134 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood obesity is associated with an impaired retinal microcirculation. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between specific obesity-related biomarkers, physical fitness and retinal vessel diameters in school children. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS We studied 381 children aged 10-11 years (body mass index (BMI): 19.3±3.7 kg m(-2)) in a school-based setting. MEASUREMENTS Anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were conducted using standard protocols for children. The serum biomarkers leptin, adiponectin, insulin as well as interleukin-6 (IL-6) were analyzed. Physical fitness was determined by a six-item-test battery and physical activity by use of a questionnaire. Central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) and the arteriolar-to-venular diameter ratio (AVR) were assessed with a non-mydriatic vessel analyzer (SVA-T) using a computer-based program. RESULTS Compared with normal weight children (n=254), obese children (n=39) showed higher leptin (P<0.001), higher insulin (P<0.001), higher IL-6 (P<0.001) and lower adiponectin levels (P=0.013). Obese children demonstrated wider CRVE (P=0.041) and lower AVR (P<0.001). Higher leptin levels were associated with wider CRVE (P=0.032) and lower AVR (P=0.010), that was BMI dependent. Insulin levels were associated with arteriolar (P=0.045) and venular dilatation (P=0.034) after adjustment for BMI. No significant associations between adiponectin levels, IL-6 levels, physical fitness or physical activity and retinal vessel diameter were observed. Lower leptin levels were independently correlated with higher physical fitness (r=-0.33; P<0.001). CONCLUSION Leptin and insulin levels are associated with changes of the retinal microcirculation. Especially insulin seems to be a good target marker for the cardiometabolic risk assessment in children since elevated insulin levels are independently associated with microvascular end-organ alterations at an early stage. Lifestyle intervention studies are warranted to examine whether improvement of physical fitness or weight reduction can affect cardiometabolic risk markers and reverse alterations of the retinal microcirculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Siegrist
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - H Hanssen
- 1] Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany [2] Division of Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Neidig
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - M Fuchs
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - F Lechner
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - M Stetten
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - K Blume
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - C Lammel
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - B Haller
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - M Vogeser
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Munich, Grosshadern Campus, Munich, Germany
| | - K G Parhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Munich, Grosshadern Campus, Munich, Germany
| | - M Halle
- 1] Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany [2] DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany [3] Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum am Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Geyikli İ, Keskin M, Kör Y, Akan M. Increased resistin serum concentrations in patientswith type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2013; 5:189-93. [PMID: 24072088 PMCID: PMC3814534 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adiponectin, leptin, and resistin are adipokines which play a significant role in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes, while little is known about their role in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of this study was to measure serum adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels and to investigate their relationships with some parameters in patients with T1DM and healthy controls. METHODS Fifty children and adolescents with T1DM (21 boys and 29 girls) and 33 healthy control subjects (18 boys and 15 girls) participated in the study. All subjects were patients followed in the Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit of Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine. None of the subjects had hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, anemia, or infection. Adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels were analyzed with ELISA. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences related with age, sex, pubertal status, or body mass index distribution between the diabetic and control groups. Resistin levels were significantly higher in the diabetic group compared to controls (5.26±3.15 ng/mL vs. 3.50±1.26 ng/mL; p<0.01). CONCLUSION Of the three investigated adipokines, only resistin was associated with T1DM. Resistin may play a role in the process of inflammation and also in the pathophysiology of T1DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İclal Geyikli
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Keskin
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolisms, Gaziantep, Turkey
,* Address for Correspondence: Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolisms, Gaziantep, Turkey Phone: +90 342 360 60 60 E-mail:
| | - Yılmaz Kör
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolisms, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Müslüm Akan
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Gaziantep, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kojima C, Kubota M, Nagai A, Adachi S, Watanabe KI, Nakahata T. Adipocytokines in childhood cancer survivors and correlation with metabolic syndrome components. Pediatr Int 2013; 55:438-42. [PMID: 23745514 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are several studies on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in childhood cancer survivors (CCS), the association between MetS components and serum adipocytokine level has not been elucidated. METHODS The charts of 49 patients (27 male, 22 female) who had attended the CCS clinic of the Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Hospital, between April 2009 and March 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Median age was 10.7 years, and the median interval since the completion of chemotherapy was 5.1 years. The diagnosis of MetS was made based on the Japanese criteria for either children or adults. RESULTS Three (6.1%) of 49 patients fulfilled the criteria for MetS, and 28 (57.1%) had at least one component of MetS. High leptin level was seen in 18 patients (36.7%), and low total adiponectin level was seen in 20 (40.8%). The number of patients with high leptin was correlated with body mass index z-score (>2.0), abdominal circumference/height (≥0.5), diastolic blood pressure and fasting blood sugar. The number of patients with low total adiponectin was correlated with systolic blood pressure and triglyceride. When the patients were divided into three groups based on the number of positive MetS components (0, 1 and 2-4), leptin and adiponectin tended to be higher and lower in the third group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Adipocytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of MetS occurring in CCS. It is recommended that adipocytokines be evaluated together with MetS components at the CCS follow-up clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Kojima
- Department of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fitness and adiposity are independently associated with cardiometabolic risk in youth. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:261698. [PMID: 23984329 PMCID: PMC3747435 DOI: 10.1155/2013/261698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the study was to examine the independent associations of adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness with clustered cardiometabolic risk. Methods. A cross-sectional sample of 192 adolescents (118 boys), aged 14–16 years, was recruited from a South Lanarkshire school in the West of Scotland. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured, and blood samples were taken. The 20 m multistage fitness test was the indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). A clustered cardiometabolic risk score was constructed from HDL-C (inverted), LDL-C, HOMA, systolic blood pressure, and triglycerides. Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin were also measured and examined relative to the clustered cardiometabolic risk score, CRF, and adiposity. Results. Although significant, partial correlations between BMI and waist circumference (WC) and both CRF and adiponectin were negative and weak to moderate, while correlations between the BMI and WC and CRP were positive but weak to moderate. Weak to moderate negative associations were also evident for adiponectin with CRP, IL-6, and clustered cardiometabolic risk. WC was positively associated while CRF was negatively associated with clustered cardiometabolic risk. With the additional adjustment for either WC or CRF, the independent associations with cardiometabolic risk persisted. Conclusion. WC and CRF are independently associated with clustered cardiometabolic risk in Scottish adolescents.
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Adiponectin in eutrophic and obese children as a biomarker to predict metabolic syndrome and each of its components. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:88. [PMID: 23363707 PMCID: PMC3570482 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with the rise of noncommunicable diseases worldwide. The pathophysiology behind this disease involves the increase of adipose tissue, being inversely related to adiponectin, but directly related to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between adiponectin levels with each component of MetS in eutrophic and obese Mexican children. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted in 190 school-age children classified as obese and 196 classified as eutrophic. Adiponectin, glucose, insulin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides were determined from a fasting blood sample. Height, weight, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) were measured; MetS was evaluated with the IDF definition. The study groups were divided according to tertiles of adiponectin, using the higher concentration as a reference. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between adiponectin and components of the MetS. Finally, stepwise forward multiple logistic regression analysis controlling for age, gender, basal HOMA-IR values and BMI was performed to determine the odds ratio of developing MetS according to adiponectin tertiles. RESULTS Anthropometric and metabolic measurements were statistically different between eutrophic and obese children with and without MetS (P <0.001). The prevalence of MetS in obese populations was 13%. Adiponectin concentrations were 15.5 ± 6.1, 12.0 ± 4.8, 12.4 ± 4.9 and 9.4 ± 2.8 μg/mL for eutrophic and obese subjects, obese without MetS, and obese with MetS, respectively (P <0.001). Obese children with low values of adiponectin exhibited a higher frequency of MetS components: abdominal obesity, 49%; high systolic BP, 3%; high diastolic BP, 2%; impaired fasting glucose, 17%; hypertriglyceridemia, 31%; and low HDL-C values, 42%. Adjusted odds ratio of presenting MetS according to adiponectin categories was 10.9 (95% CI 2.05; 48.16) when the first tertile was compared with the third. CONCLUSION In this sample of eutrophic and obese Mexican children we found that adiponectin concentrations and MetS components have an inversely proportional relationship, which supports the idea that this hormone could be a biomarker for identifying individuals with risk of developing MetS.
Collapse
|
30
|
Bindler RJ, Bindler RC, Daratha KB. Biological correlates and predictors of insulin resistance among early adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs 2013; 28:20-7. [PMID: 22484110 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal glucose metabolism is associated with obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purposes of this study were to describe anthropometric and laboratory markers of adolescents, examine correlates of IR, and test ability of anthropometric and laboratory markers to predict risk of exhibiting IR. A total of 150 early adolescents participated. Participants with obesity had increased IR, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, triglycerides, and blood pressure. Waist circumference and triglycerides were predictive of IR. Multiple risk factors compound and lead to long-term health consequences among youth. Nurses can evaluate these factors to identify IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Bindler
- Washington State University, College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Friend A, Craig L, Turner S. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children: a systematic review of the literature. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 11:71-80. [PMID: 23249214 DOI: 10.1089/met.2012.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome has been identified as a condition of childhood relatively recently. The aim in this study was to describe the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children allowing for differences in metabolic syndrome definitions. METHODS This was a systematic review of the OVID, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases, capturing details of overall prevalence and prevalence within groups categorized by obesity, gender, age, and ethnicity. RESULTS In all, 378 studies published since 2003 were identified, and of these 85 papers were included in the present review. When all studies were considered, the median prevalence of metabolic syndrome in whole populations was 3.3% (range 0%-19.2%), in overweight children was 11.9% (range 2.8%-29.3%), and in obese populations was 29.2% (range 10%-66%). Within-study analyses confirmed higher prevalence for obese compared to overweight (P=0.012) and obese compared to nonobese, nonoverweight children (P<0.001). Within-study analyses also revealed higher median metabolic syndrome prevalence for boys compared to girls (5.1% versus 3.0%, P<0.001) and also in older compared with younger children (5.6% versus 2.9%, P=0.001). Limited evidence was found to suggest differences between ethnic groups, and there were insufficient studies to determine whether metabolic syndrome prevalence was increasing over time. CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic review of all of the relevant literature. It describes the magnitude of associations between metabolic syndrome and obesity, age, and gender. We find evidence that ethnicity and geography may be important to metabolic syndrome prevalence in children and these associations require further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Friend
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The alarming increase in obesity worldwide is of concern, owing to the associations of obesity with metabolic syndrome (MetS), which has been associated with a proinflammatory state characterized by elevated plasma concentrations of several markers of inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess levels of inflammatory markers and their association with MetS among adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS A random sample of adolescents (n=362, 143 boys and 219 girls, 12-17 years) was interviewed, anthropometrically measured and provided a fasting blood sample. Circulating levels of adiponectin, leptin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured. The association between inflammatory markers and sex, age, body mass index (BMI) status, MetS, physical activity and blood pressure was also calculated. RESULTS Adiponectin levels are inversely associated and leptin levels are directly associated with MetS and BMI, but directly with gender (females show higher levels than boys), and PAI-1 levels are directly associated with MetS, among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Leptin, adiponectin and PAI-1 may be used as biomarkers to predict MetS among adolescents.
Collapse
|
33
|
Buchan DS, Ollis S, Thomas NE, Simpson A, Young JD, Cooper SM, Malina RM, Cockcroft JR, Baker JS. Prevalence of traditional and novel markers of cardiovascular disease risk in Scottish adolescents: socioeconomic effects. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 37:829-39. [PMID: 22686348 DOI: 10.1139/h2012-052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Information on the health status and physical activity of Scottish adolescents is limited. This study examines the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Scottish adolescents by socioeconomic status (SES). Participants were recruited from two high schools that differed in the SES of the students in attendance. The sample included 73 boys and 34 girls (16.4 ± 0.6 years). Variables included anthropometry, physical activity, physical fitness, blood pressure, diet, and 11 metabolic markers of CVD risk. Significant sex differences (P ≤ 0.01) were noted for stature, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular power, sprint speed, and several CVD risk factors: high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Boys from a lower SES had significantly higher levels of glucose and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) but lower levels of adiponectin compared with boys from a higher SES. Girls from a lower SES had significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher glucose and PAI-1 levels but lower levels of insulin and adiponectin than girls from a higher SES. High fat diets, low physical activity levels, and elevated CRP and total cholesterol levels were the CVD risk factors most commonly identified as being at-risk levels in this cohort, regardless of sex or SES. SES differences were not consistently apparent, but several CVD risk factors were identified as elevated in this sample of adolescents, regardless of sex or SES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan S Buchan
- School of Science and Technology, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, Scotland, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Szabová M, Jahnová E, Horváthová M, Ilavská S, Pružincová V, Nemessányi T, Tulinská J, Wsólová L, Volkovová K. Changes in immunologic parameters of humoral immunity and adipocytokines in obese persons are gender dependent. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:486-92. [PMID: 22387153 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate several immunologic parameters using of immunonephelometry and adipocytokines by the enzyme immunoassay and their changes in different states of obesity. Obesity is considered to involve a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, with links between adipose cells and the immune system. We found significantly higher complement C3 levels in all obese subjects. Levels of the complement C4 were significantly higher in obese women, but not in men, when compared with the corresponding group of normal weight subjects. The increase in C-reactive protein concentrations was significant in both obese and morbidly obese women, but only in morbidly obese men. No significant differences in tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were found. sE-selectin levels were higher in both overweight and obese women but only in morbidly obese men. We found decreased adiponectin concentrations in obese and morbidly obese women. Concentrations of leptin were significantly higher only in obese men (p < 0.05), whereas in women the increase in leptin levels was significant in overweight, obese, and morbidly obese subjects. In conclusion, our results demonstrate elevated levels of C3, C-reactive protein, sE-selectin, and leptin in obese women and men. In obese women, we also observed increased concentrations of C4 and decreased levels of adiponectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Szabová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kelly AS, Metzig AM, Schwarzenberg SJ, Norris AL, Fox CK, Steinberger J. Hyperleptinemia and hypoadiponectinemia in extreme pediatric obesity. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 10:123-7. [PMID: 22217186 DOI: 10.1089/met.2011.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin and leptin, adipokines associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, have not been well characterized in extreme pediatric obesity. Therefore, levels were compared in youth that were extremely obese (EO) to normal weight (NW), overweight (OW), and obese (OB) youth. METHODS Leptin, adiponectin, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids were obtained in 277 children and adolescents (age 13.4±2.6 years; 152 boys). Participants were classified into four BMI groups (NW, OW, OB, EO). Variables were compared across groups using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for gender, age, and race. RESULTS Risk factors generally worsened across BMI groups. EO had significantly higher levels of leptin than OB (P<0.0001), OW (P<0.0001), and NW (P<0.0001). Leptin was higher in OB compared to OW (P<0.005) and NW (P<0.0001) and higher in OW compared to NW (P<0.0001). Adiponectin levels in EO did not significantly differ from OB or OW but were significantly lower than NW (P<0.0001). Adiponectin was not significantly different among the OB, OW, and NW groups. CONCLUSIONS Leptin was markedly elevated in EO children and adolescents, suggesting that this subset of obese youth may be at particularly high risk of future weight gain and potentially reduced response to weight-loss interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Atwa H, Mesbah B, Sad A. Adiponectin could be a comprehensive marker of metabolic syndrome in obese children. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2012.11734405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
38
|
Kubena KS. Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: Issues and Opportunities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:1674-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
39
|
Horigome H, Katayama Y, Yoshinaga M, Kato Y, Takahashi H, Sumazaki R. Significant associations among hemostatic parameters, adipokines, and components of the metabolic syndrome in Japanese preschool children. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2011; 18:189-94. [PMID: 21949035 DOI: 10.1177/1076029611418962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of cardiovascular diseases could originate in early childhood. However, reference values of hemostatic parameters and adipokines in preschool children remain to be explored. We measured blood levels of adipokines and parameters of the hemostatic/fibrinolytic systems in 167 healthy children aged 4 to 6 years at 9:00 to 10:30 am after a strictly enforced overnight fast. Participants with body mass index (BMI) values ≥90th percentile had significantly higher values of systolic blood pressure and heart rate, as well as blood levels of insulin, coagulation factor (F) VII, FX, protein S, leptin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lower values of desacyl-ghrelin than children with BMI < 90th percentile. Circulating levels of fibrinogen and leptin increased with increased number of cardiovascular risk factors. Stepwise regression analysis identified many hematological variables to be associated with features of the metabolic syndrome. The results implicated the hemostatic/fibrinolytic system or adipokines in the insidious progression of cardiovascular diseases from an early age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Horigome
- Department of Child Health, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ferris WF, Crowther NJ. Once fat was fat and that was that: our changing perspectives on adipose tissue. Cardiovasc J Afr 2011; 22:147-54. [PMID: 21713306 PMCID: PMC3721932 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2010-083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Past civilisations saw excess body fat as a symbol of wealth and prosperity as the general population struggled with food shortages and famine. Nowadays it is recognised that obesity is associated with co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Our views on the roll of adipose tissue have also changed, from being solely a passive energy store, to an important endocrine organ that modulates metabolism, immunity and satiety. The relationship between increased visceral adiposity and obesity-related co-morbidities has lead to the recognition that variation in fat distribution contributes to ethnic differences in the prevalence of obesity-related diseases. Our current negative view of adipose tissue may change with the use of pluripotent adipose-derived stromal cells, which may lead to future autologous stem cell therapies for bone, muscle, cardiac and cartilage disorders. Here, we briefly review the concepts that adipose tissue is an endocrine organ, that differences in body fat distribution underline the aetiology of obesity-related co-morbidities, and the use of adipose-derived stem cells for future therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W F Ferris
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tsai JP, Liu HM, Lee CJ, Chang HR, Hsu BG. Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with metabolic syndrome in hemodialysis patients. Tzu Chi Med J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcmj.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
|
42
|
Giordano P, Del Vecchio GC, Cecinati V, Delvecchio M, Altomare M, De Palma F, De Mattia D, Cavallo L, Faienza MF. Metabolic, inflammatory, endothelial and haemostatic markers in a group of Italian obese children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2011; 170:845-50. [PMID: 21210148 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-010-1356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity and its related comorbidities are increasingly recognised in children, predisposing them to early cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. The objective of the study was to investigate markers of metabolism, inflammation and haemostasis in a group of Italian obese children and adolescents. Fifty-nine obese and 40 non-obese subjects were recruited. Fasting glucose and insulin, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and adiponectin were measured. Hypercoagulability was assessed by measuring the circulating levels of thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), D: -dimer, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and von Willebrand Factor (vWF). A significant degree of insulin resistance was present in obese subjects compared with controls (p < 0.0001). The obese showed higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and lower levels of HDL cholesterol than controls (p < 0.0001). Circulating levels of hsCRP and TNF-α were significantly higher in obese than in controls while serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in obese than non-obese subjects (p < 0.001; p = 0.031; p < 0.0001, respectively). vWF, TAT, D-dimer, fibrinogen and PAI-1 levels were significant higher in obese subjects compared with control group (p = 0.02; p < 0.0001; p = 0.0037; p < 0.0001; p = 0.017, respectively). In conclusion, our results suggest that childhood obesity per se is associated with a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Giordano
- Department of Biomedicine of Developing Age, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70100, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Riestra P, García-Anguita A, Lasunción MA, Cano B, de Oya M, Garcés C. Relationship of adiponectin with metabolic syndrome components in pubertal children. Atherosclerosis 2011; 216:467-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
44
|
Parent-offspring transmission of adipocytokine levels and their associations with metabolic traits. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18182. [PMID: 21483749 PMCID: PMC3070726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue secreted cytokines (adipocytokines) have significant effects on the physiology and pathology of human metabolism relevant to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We determined the relationship of the pattern of these circulating hormones with obesity-related phenotypes and whether such pattern is transmitted from parent to offspring. A combined total of 403 individuals from 156 consenting Saudi families divided into initial (119 families with 123 adults and 131 children) and replication (37 families with 58 adults and 91 children) cohorts were randomly selected from the RIYADH Cohort study. Anthropometrics were evaluated and metabolic measures such as fasting serum glucose, lipid profiles, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), activated plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (aPAI1), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and angiotensin II were also assessed. Parent-offspring regressions revealed that with the exception of hsCRP, all hormones measured showed evidence for significant inheritance. Principal component (PC) analysis of standardized hormone levels demonstrated surprising heritability of the three most common axes of variation. PC1, which explained 21% of the variation, was most strongly loaded on levels of leptin, TNFα, insulin, and aPAI1, and inversely with adiponectin. It was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) and phenotypically stronger in children, and showed a heritability of ∼50%, after adjustment for age, gender and generational effects. We conclude that adipocytokines are highly heritable and their pattern of co-variation significantly influences BMI as early as the pre-teen years. Investigation at the genomic scale is required to determine the variants affecting the regulation of the hormones studied.
Collapse
|
45
|
Metabolic syndrome, adipokines and ghrelin in overweight and obese schoolchildren: results of a 1-year lifestyle intervention programme. Eur J Pediatr 2011; 170:483-92. [PMID: 20957391 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-010-1316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a lifestyle intervention programme (nutrition and exercise counselling) on metabolic syndrome (MS) components, adipokines (leptin, adiponectin) and ghrelin levels in overweight children. A total of 61 overweight children aged 7-9 years (≥ 85th body mass index (BMI) percentile; 27 boys/34 girls) were randomly assigned and completed a 1-year individual (IT) or group-based treatment (GT). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline, at 6 months and at 1 year. Twenty-two normal weight children (<85th BMI percentile; 7-9 years old; 13 boys/nine girls) were also evaluated at baseline. Insulin resistance (IR) was determined by the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Overweight children presented significantly higher blood pressure, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, C-reactive protein and homocysteine levels, while apolipoprotein A-I was significantly lower. At baseline, MS was present in ten overweight children, of which only five maintained it at 1 year. Leptin and ghrelin levels were associated with IR and MS components. MS was predicted by apolipoprotein A-I, insulin and pre-puberty. The lifestyle intervention led to a significant improvement in standard deviation score of BMI, waist circumference/height ratio and lipid profile. Changes in insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin and adiponectin were not significant. Ghrelin behaved differently between IT and GT. The GT intervention seems to be more successful, with a decrease in BMI Z-score and an improvement of metabolic parameters. In conclusion, overweight children have multiple risk factors associated with MS. A lifestyle intervention programme seems to be an effective mean for reducing obesity and MS components and improving adipokines concentrations.
Collapse
|
46
|
Romeo J, Wärnberg J, García-Mármol E, Rodríguez-Rodríguez M, Diaz LE, Gomez-Martínez S, Cueto B, López-Huertas E, Cepero M, Boza JJ, Fonollá J, Marcos A. Daily consumption of milk enriched with fish oil, oleic acid, minerals and vitamins reduces cell adhesion molecules in healthy children. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21:113-120. [PMID: 19939650 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several studies have suggested that polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals have beneficial effects on lipid profile and systemic inflammation in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the effects of a daily intake of milk enriched with longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and low in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) for 5 months, on several cardiovascular (CVD) risk biomarkers in healthy children aged 8-14 years. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, a total of 107 children of both genders were assigned to two study groups: 1) a supplemented group (SG, n=53) who consumed 0.6 L/day of an enriched dairy product, and 2) a control group (CG, n=54) who consumed 0.6 L/day of standard whole milk. Both groups consumed the dairy drinks for 5 months, in addition to their usual diet. Serum levels of adhesion molecules as indices of vascular endothelial cell activation were assessed in both groups at 0 and 5 months as well as white blood cell counts, lipid profile, serum proteins, total serum calcium, 25-OH vitamin D, glucose, insulin and adiponectin. In the enriched dairy drink supplemented group, adhesion molecules E-selectin and ICAM-1 as well as lymphocyte levels decreased while plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and serum calcium concentrations increased. In the control group, serum total protein, transferrin, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin concentrations decreased. CONCLUSION The consumption of a milk enriched with fish oil, oleic acid, minerals and vitamins reduced indices of endothelial cell activation in the studied group of healthy children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Romeo
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Instituto del Frío, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rojas J, Arraiz N, Aguirre M, Velasco M, Bermúdez V. AMPK as Target for Intervention in Childhood and Adolescent Obesity. J Obes 2010; 2011:252817. [PMID: 21318055 PMCID: PMC3034972 DOI: 10.1155/2011/252817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a major worldwide health problem. Intervention programs to ameliorate the rate of obesity have been designed and implemented; yet the epidemic has no end near in sight. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has become one of the most important key elements in energy control, appetite regulation, myogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, and cellular stress management. Obesity is a multifactorial disease, which has a very strong genetic component, especially epigenetic factors. The intrauterine milieu has a determinant impact on adult life, since the measures taken for survival are kept throughout life thanks to epigenetic modification. Nutrigenomics studies the influence of certain food molecules on the metabolome profile, raising the question of an individualized obesity therapy according to metabolic (and probably) genetic features. Metformin, an insulin sensitizing agent, its known to lower insulin resistance and enhance metabolic profile, with an additional weight reduction capacity, via activation of AMPK. Exercise is coadjutant for lifestyle modifications, which also activates AMPK in several ways contributing to glucose and fat oxidation. The following review examines AMPK's role in obesity, applying its use as a tool for childhood and adolescent obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joselyn Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Zulia, School of Medicine, Final Avenida 20, Edificio Multidisciplinario, primer piso, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Nailet Arraiz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Zulia, School of Medicine, Final Avenida 20, Edificio Multidisciplinario, primer piso, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Miguel Aguirre
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Zulia, School of Medicine, Final Avenida 20, Edificio Multidisciplinario, primer piso, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Velasco
- Clinical Pharmacologic Unit, Vargas Medical School, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas 1010, Venezuela
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Zulia, School of Medicine, Final Avenida 20, Edificio Multidisciplinario, primer piso, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Carvalho GQ, Pereira PF, Serrano HMS, do Carmo Castro Franceschini S, Oliveira de Paula S, Priore SE, do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio M. Peripheral expression of inflammatory markers in overweight female adolescents and eutrophic female adolescents with a high percentage of body fat. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 35:464-70. [PMID: 20725112 DOI: 10.1139/h10-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the peripheral expression of inflammatory markers in adolescents with different nutritional status and its correlation with parameters of the metabolic syndrome. Seventy-two female postpubescent adolescents were divided into 3 groups: eutrophic (Co), eutrophic with a high body fat percentage (HBF), and overweight (OW). Data related to the parameters of the metabolic syndrome and the peripheral expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 were evaluated. Higher values of glycemia and insulin resistance were found in the HBF group than in the Co group. No differences related to the peripheral expression of the cytokines were found among the groups. In the HBF group, a positive correlation was observed between TNF-α and IL-6, IL-10 and the proinflammatory cytokines, and IL-6 and glycemia. In the OW group, a positive correlation was found between IL-6 and triglycerides. Adolescents with normal weight but body fat excess present a metabolic profile and body composition similar to those of overweight adolescents. This suggests that these adolescents have a risk of developing cardiovascular diseases similar to that of overweight adolescents. The positive correlation between IL-10 and TNF-α and IL-6 suggests an attempt to inhibit the production of these cytokines by IL-10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Queiroz Carvalho
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Doo MA, Kim YH. Association between ADIPOQ Gene Polymorphism rs182052 and Obesity in Korean Women. Genomics Inform 2010. [DOI: 10.5808/gi.2010.8.3.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
50
|
Liu YL, Liang HR, Liu HT, Li SY, Zhou YY, Cheng HL, Zhou LS. Association of serum adiponectin levels with artherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome in obese children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2010; 23:743-51. [PMID: 21073115 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2010.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The atherosclerotic process starts at an early age and is linked to obesity. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanism is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between serum adiponectin and metabolic syndrome and early arteriosclerosis. SUBJECTS 176 obese and 88 normal children. METHODS Ultrasound measurement was performed to investigate IMT, FMD, carotid artery compliance (CAC). Adiponectin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Adiponectin levels correlated negatively with obese markers, blood pressure, fasting insulin, high sensitive CRP, HOMA-IR and IMT; marginally positively associated with CAC and HDL-c. The risk of metabolic syndrome increased 3.43 times when adiponectin levels were less than 7060 ng/ml. Heavy obesity, hypertension, low HDL-c, fasting hyperinsulin, High LDL-c and metabolic syndrome percentage were different in three groups according to the cut-off value of adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS Low adiponectin levels are associated with a high incidence of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ling Liu
- Department of Health Care, Qian-Fo-Shan Hospital Affiliated to Shan-dong University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|