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Xu K, Saaoud F, Shao Y, Lu Y, Yang Q, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. A new paradigm in intracellular immunology: Mitochondria emerging as leading immune organelles. Redox Biol 2024; 76:103331. [PMID: 39216270 PMCID: PMC11402145 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, traditionally recognized as cellular 'powerhouses' due to their pivotal role in energy production, have emerged as multifunctional organelles at the intersection of bioenergetics, metabolic signaling, and immunity. However, the understanding of their exact contributions to immunity and inflammation is still developing. This review first introduces the innovative concept of intracellular immunity, emphasizing how mitochondria serve as critical immune signaling hubs. They are instrumental in recognizing and responding to pathogen and danger signals, and in modulating immune responses. We also propose mitochondria as the leading immune organelles, drawing parallels with the broader immune system in their functions of antigen presentation, immune regulation, and immune response. Our comprehensive review explores mitochondrial immune signaling pathways, their therapeutic potential in managing inflammation and chronic diseases, and discusses cutting-edge methodologies for mitochondrial research. Targeting a broad readership of both experts in mitochondrial functions and newcomers to the field, this review sets forth new directions that could transform our understanding of intracellular immunity and the integrated immune functions of intracellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keman Xu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, USA
| | | | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, USA; Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, USA; Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Saaoud F, Lu Y, Xu K, Shao Y, Praticò D, Vazquez-Padron RI, Wang H, Yang X. Protein-rich foods, sea foods, and gut microbiota amplify immune responses in chronic diseases and cancers - Targeting PERK as a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 255:108604. [PMID: 38360205 PMCID: PMC10917129 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle that is physiologically responsible for protein folding, calcium homeostasis, and lipid biosynthesis. Pathological stimuli such as oxidative stress, ischemia, disruptions in calcium homeostasis, and increased production of normal and/or folding-defective proteins all contribute to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, causing ER stress. The adaptive response to ER stress is the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR), which affect a wide variety of cellular functions to maintain ER homeostasis or lead to apoptosis. Three different ER transmembrane sensors, including PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1), are responsible for initiating UPR. The UPR involves a variety of signal transduction pathways that reduce unfolded protein accumulation by boosting ER-resident chaperones, limiting protein translation, and accelerating unfolded protein degradation. ER is now acknowledged as a critical organelle in sensing dangers and determining cell life and death. On the other hand, UPR plays a critical role in the development and progression of several diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), metabolic disorders, chronic kidney diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer. Here, we critically analyze the most current knowledge of the master regulatory roles of ER stress particularly the PERK pathway as a conditional danger receptor, an organelle crosstalk regulator, and a regulator of protein translation. We highlighted that PERK is not only ER stress regulator by sensing UPR and ER stress but also a frontier sensor and direct senses for gut microbiota-generated metabolites. Our work also further highlighted the function of PERK as a central hub that leads to metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modification which further enhanced inflammatory response and promoted trained immunity. Moreover, we highlighted the contribution of ER stress and PERK in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as cancer, CVD, kidney diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic target of ER stress and PERK for cancer treatment and the potential novel therapeutic targets for CVD, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders. Inhibition of ER stress, by the development of small molecules that target the PERK and UPR, represents a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Saaoud
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Yang Q, Saaoud F, Lu Y, Pu Y, Xu K, Shao Y, Jiang X, Wu S, Yang L, Tian Y, Liu X, Gillespie A, Luo JJ, Shi XM, Zhao H, Martinez L, Vazquez-Padron R, Wang H, Yang X. Innate immunity of vascular smooth muscle cells contributes to two-wave inflammation in atherosclerosis, twin-peak inflammation in aortic aneurysms and trans-differentiation potential into 25 cell types. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1348238. [PMID: 38327764 PMCID: PMC10847266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1348238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type in the medial layer of the aorta, which plays a critical role in aortic diseases. Innate immunity is the main driving force for cardiovascular diseases. Methods To determine the roles of innate immunity in VSMC and aortic pathologies, we performed transcriptome analyses on aortas from ApoE-/- angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced aortic aneurysm (AAA) time course, and ApoE-/- atherosclerosis time course, as well as VSMCs stimulated with danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Results We made significant findings: 1) 95% and 45% of the upregulated innate immune pathways (UIIPs, based on data of 1226 innate immune genes) in ApoE-/- Ang II-induced AAA at 7 days were different from that of 14 and 28 days, respectively; and AAA showed twin peaks of UIIPs with a major peak at 7 days and a minor peak at 28 days; 2) all the UIIPs in ApoE-/- atherosclerosis at 6 weeks were different from that of 32 and 78 weeks (two waves); 3) analyses of additional 12 lists of innate immune-related genes with 1325 cytokine and chemokine genes, 2022 plasma membrane protein genes, 373 clusters of differentiation (CD) marker genes, 280 nuclear membrane protein genes, 1425 nucleoli protein genes, 6750 nucleoplasm protein genes, 1496 transcription factors (TFs) including 15 pioneer TFs, 164 histone modification enzymes, 102 oxidative cell death genes, 68 necrotic cell death genes, and 47 efferocytosis genes confirmed two-wave inflammation in atherosclerosis and twin-peak inflammation in AAA; 4) DAMPs-stimulated VSMCs were innate immune cells as judged by the upregulation of innate immune genes and genes from 12 additional lists; 5) DAMPs-stimulated VSMCs increased trans-differentiation potential by upregulating not only some of 82 markers of 7 VSMC-plastic cell types, including fibroblast, osteogenic, myofibroblast, macrophage, adipocyte, foam cell, and mesenchymal cell, but also 18 new cell types (out of 79 human cell types with 8065 cell markers); 6) analysis of gene deficient transcriptomes indicated that the antioxidant transcription factor NRF2 suppresses, however, the other five inflammatory transcription factors and master regulators, including AHR, NF-KB, NOX (ROS enzyme), PERK, and SET7 promote the upregulation of twelve lists of innate immune genes in atherosclerosis, AAA, and DAMP-stimulated VSMCs; and 7) both SET7 and trained tolerance-promoting metabolite itaconate contributed to twin-peak upregulation of cytokines in AAA. Discussion Our findings have provided novel insights on the roles of innate immune responses and nuclear stresses in the development of AAA, atherosclerosis, and VSMC immunology and provided novel therapeutic targets for treating those significant cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxi Yang
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Beloit College, Beloit, WI, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yujiang Pu
- College of Letters & Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sheng Wu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Tian
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Avrum Gillespie
- Section of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin Jun Luo
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xinghua Mindy Shi
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, College of Science and Technology at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Roberto Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Schmitz T, Freuer D, Linseisen J, Meisinger C. Associations between serum cholesterol and immuno-phenotypical characteristics of circulatory B cells and Tregs. J Lipid Res 2023:100399. [PMID: 37276940 PMCID: PMC10394386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood lipids play a major role in the manifestation of cardiovascular diseases. Recent research suggested that there are connections between cholesterol levels and immunological alterations. We investigated whether there is an association between serum cholesterol levels (total, HDL, LDL) and immune cells (B cell and regulatory T cells [Tregs]). The analysis was based on data from 231 participants of the MEGA study in Augsburg, Germany, recruited between 2018 and 2021. Most participants was examined two different times within a time period of 9 months. At every visit, fasting venous blood samples were taken. Immune cells were analyzed immediately afterwards using flow cytometry. Using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, the associations between blood cholesterol concentrations and the relative quantity of several B cell and Treg subsets were analyzed. We found that particularly HDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly associated to some immune cell subpopulations: HDL cholesterol showed significant positive associations with the relative frequency of CD25++ Tregs (as proportion of all CD4+CD25++ T cells) and conventional Tregs (defined as the proportion of CD25+CD127- cells on all CD45RA- CD4+ T cells). Regarding B cells, HDL cholesterol values were inversely associated with the cell surface expression of IgD and with naïve B cells (CD27- IgD+ B cells). In conclusion, HDL cholesterol levels were associated with modifications in the composition of B cell and Tregs subsets demonstrating an important interconnection between lipid metabolism and immune system. Knowing that this association exists might be crucial for a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schmitz
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - D Freuer
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - J Linseisen
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - C Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
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Shao Y, Saaoud F, Cornwell W, Xu K, Kirchhoff A, Lu Y, Jiang X, Wang H, Rogers TJ, Yang X. Cigarette Smoke and Morphine Promote Treg Plasticity to Th17 via Enhancing Trained Immunity. Cells 2022; 11:2810. [PMID: 36139385 PMCID: PMC9497420 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) respond to environmental cues to permit or suppress inflammation, and atherosclerosis weakens Treg suppression and promotes plasticity. However, the effects of smoking plus morphine (SM + M) on Treg plasticity remain unknown. To determine whether SM + M promotes Treg plasticity to T helper 17 (Th17) cells, we analyzed the RNA sequencing data from SM, M, and SM + M treated Tregs and performed knowledge-based and IPA analysis. We demonstrated that (1) SM + M, M, and SM upregulated the transcripts of cytokines, chemokines, and clusters of differentiation (CDs) and modulated the transcripts of kinases and phosphatases in Tregs; (2) SM + M, M, and SM upregulated the transcripts of immunometabolism genes, trained immunity genes, and histone modification enzymes; (3) SM + M increased the transcripts of Th17 transcription factor (TF) RORC and Tfh factor CXCR5 in Tregs; M increased the transcripts of T helper cell 1 (Th1) TF RUNX3 and Th1-Th9 receptor CXCR3; and SM inhibited Treg TGIF1 transcript; (4) six genes upregulated in SM + M Tregs were matched with the top-ranked Th17 pathogenic genes; and 57, 39 genes upregulated in SM + M Tregs were matched with groups II and group III Th17 pathogenic genes, respectively; (5) SM + M upregulated the transcripts of 70 IPA-TFs, 11 iTregs-specific TFs, and 4 iTregs-Th17 shared TFs; and (6) SM + M, M, and SM downregulated Treg suppression TF Rel (c-Rel); and 35 SM + M downregulated genes were overlapped with Rel-/- Treg downregulated genes. These results provide novel insights on the roles of SM + M in reprogramming Treg transcriptomes and Treg plasticity to Th17 cells and novel targets for future therapeutic interventions involving immunosuppression in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - William Cornwell
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Aaron Kirchhoff
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Thomas J. Rogers
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Cho H, Je JH, Kang J, Jeong MG, Song J, Jeon Y, Lee K, Hwang ES. Dimeric translationally controlled tumor protein-binding peptide 2 attenuates imiquimod-induced psoriatic inflammation through induction of regulatory T cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113245. [PMID: 35689858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin inflammation caused by a dysfunctional immune system, which causes systemic inflammation in various organs and tissues. Due to the risk of systemic inflammation and recurrence of psoriasis, it is important to identify the critical targets in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and develop targeted therapeutics. Dimerized translationally controlled tumor protein (dTCTP) promotes immune cell activation as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and plays a role in developing allergic diseases such as asthma and rhinitis. Here, we sought to explore whether dTCTP and its inhibition contributed to the development and control of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis. Topical application of IMQ inflamed the skin of the back and ear, increased inflammatory cytokines, and decreased regulatory T cell markers. Interestingly, TCTP was significantly increased in inflamed skin and immune cells such as T cells, B cells, and macrophages after IMQ treatment and was secreted into the serum to undergo dimerization. Extracellular dTCTP treatment selectively suppressed regulatory T (Treg) cells, not other effector T helper (Th) cells, and increased M1 macrophages. Moreover, dTCTP-binding peptide 2 (dTBP2), a dTCTP inhibitor peptide, effectively attenuated the systemic inflammatory responses, including Th17 cell response, and alleviated psoriatic skin inflammation. dTBP2 blocked dTCTP-mediated Treg suppression and stimulated the expression of Treg cell markers in the spleen and inflammatory skin lesions. These results suggest that dTCTP dysregulated immune balance through Treg suppression in psoriatic inflammation and that functional inhibition of dTCTP by dTBP2 maintained immune homeostasis and attenuated inflammatory skin diseases by expanding Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Je
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Jio Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Mi Gyeong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Jiseo Song
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Yejin Jeon
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Kyunglim Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
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Shao Y, Cornwell W, Xu K, Kirchhoff A, Saasoud F, Lu Y, Jiang X, Criner GJ, Wang H, Rogers TJ, Yang X. Chronic Exposure to the Combination of Cigarette Smoke and Morphine Decreases CD4 + Regulatory T Cell Numbers by Reprogramming the Treg Cell Transcriptome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887681. [PMID: 35514978 PMCID: PMC9065607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high incidence of tobacco use among intravenous opioid drug users. It is well established that opioids and tobacco smoke induce a degree of immune activation, and recent work suggests that the combination of these drugs promotes further activation of the immune system. Our approach involved the treatment of wild-type mice with cigarette smoke (SM) for a period of eight weeks, and the chronic continuous administration of morphine (M) via mini-pumps for the final four weeks. In an effort to examine the responses of CD4+CD25highCD127low regulatory T (Treg) cells, the major immune suppressive cell type, to the combined chronic administration of SM and M, we determined the frequency of these cells in the spleen, lymph nodes and lungs. Flow cytometric analyses showed that SM and M individually, and the combination (SM + M) have differential effects on the numbers of Treg in the spleen, lymph node, and lung. Either SM or M alone increased Treg cell numbers in the spleen, but SM+M did not. Furthermore, SM + M decreased Treg cell numbers in the lymph node and lung. We then performed RNA-Seq on Treg cells from mice treated with SM, M, or SM + M, and we found that the S + M induced a number of significant changes in the transcriptome, that were not as apparent following treatment with either SM or M alone. This included an activation of TWEAK, PI3K/AKT and OXPHOS pathways and a shift to Th17 immunity. Our results have provided novel insights on tissue Treg cell changes, which we suggest are the result of transcriptomic reprogramming induced by SM, M, and SM + M, respectively. We believe these results may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for suppressing smoke and opioid induced Treg cell impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William Cornwell
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Aaron Kirchhoff
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saasoud
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gerard J. Criner
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas J. Rogers
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Liu M, Xu K, Saaoud F, Shao Y, Zhang R, Lu Y, Sun Y, Drummer C, Li L, Wu S, Kunapuli SP, Criner GJ, Sun J, Shan H, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. 29 m 6A-RNA Methylation (Epitranscriptomic) Regulators Are Regulated in 41 Diseases including Atherosclerosis and Tumors Potentially via ROS Regulation - 102 Transcriptomic Dataset Analyses. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1433323. [PMID: 35211628 PMCID: PMC8863469 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1433323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a database mining on 102 transcriptomic datasets for the expressions of 29 m6A-RNA methylation (epitranscriptomic) regulators (m6A-RMRs) in 41 diseases and cancers and made significant findings: (1) a few m6A-RMRs were upregulated; and most m6A-RMRs were downregulated in sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, and trauma; (2) half of 29 m6A-RMRs were downregulated in atherosclerosis; (3) inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis modulated m6A-RMRs more than lupus and psoriasis; (4) some organ failures shared eight upregulated m6A-RMRs; end-stage renal failure (ESRF) downregulated 85% of m6A-RMRs; (5) Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections modulated m6A-RMRs the most among viral infections; (6) proinflammatory oxPAPC modulated m6A-RMRs more than DAMP stimulation including LPS and oxLDL; (7) upregulated m6A-RMRs were more than downregulated m6A-RMRs in cancer types; five types of cancers upregulated ≥10 m6A-RMRs; (8) proinflammatory M1 macrophages upregulated seven m6A-RMRs; (9) 86% of m6A-RMRs were differentially expressed in the six clusters of CD4+Foxp3+ immunosuppressive Treg, and 8 out of 12 Treg signatures regulated m6A-RMRs; (10) immune checkpoint receptors TIM3, TIGIT, PD-L2, and CTLA4 modulated m6A-RMRs, and inhibition of CD40 upregulated m6A-RMRs; (11) cytokines and interferons modulated m6A-RMRs; (12) NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways upregulated more than downregulated m6A-RMRs whereas TP53, PTEN, and APC did the opposite; (13) methionine-homocysteine-methyl cycle enzyme Mthfd1 downregulated more than upregulated m6A-RMRs; (14) m6A writer RBM15 and one m6A eraser FTO, H3K4 methyltransferase MLL1, and DNA methyltransferase, DNMT1, regulated m6A-RMRs; and (15) 40 out of 165 ROS regulators were modulated by m6A eraser FTO and two m6A writers METTL3 and WTAP. Our findings shed new light on the functions of upregulated m6A-RMRs in 41 diseases and cancers, nine cellular and molecular mechanisms, novel therapeutic targets for inflammatory disorders, metabolic cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, organ failures, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Keman Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yifan Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Charles Drummer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Sheng Wu
- Metabolic Disease Research; Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Satya P. Kunapuli
- Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Gerard J. Criner
- Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Huimin Shan
- Metabolic Disease Research; Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Metabolic Disease Research; Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research; Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Metabolic Disease Research; Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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9
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Xu K, Shao Y, Saaoud F, Gillespie A, Drummer C, Liu L, Lu Y, Sun Y, Xi H, Tükel Ç, Pratico D, Qin X, Sun J, Choi ET, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Novel Knowledge-Based Transcriptomic Profiling of Lipid Lysophosphatidylinositol-Induced Endothelial Cell Activation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:773473. [PMID: 34912867 PMCID: PMC8668339 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.773473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether pro-inflammatory lipid lysophosphatidylinositols (LPIs) upregulate the expressions of membrane proteins for adhesion/signaling and secretory proteins in human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) activation, we developed an EC biology knowledge-based transcriptomic formula to profile RNA-Seq data panoramically. We made the following primary findings: first, G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), the LPI receptor, is expressed in the endothelium of both human and mouse aortas, and is significantly upregulated in hyperlipidemia; second, LPIs upregulate 43 clusters of differentiation (CD) in HAECs, promoting EC activation, innate immune trans-differentiation, and immune/inflammatory responses; 72.1% of LPI-upregulated CDs are not induced in influenza virus-, MERS-CoV virus- and herpes virus-infected human endothelial cells, which hinted the specificity of LPIs in HAEC activation; third, LPIs upregulate six types of 640 secretomic genes (SGs), namely, 216 canonical SGs, 60 caspase-1-gasdermin D (GSDMD) SGs, 117 caspase-4/11-GSDMD SGs, 40 exosome SGs, 179 Human Protein Atlas (HPA)-cytokines, and 28 HPA-chemokines, which make HAECs a large secretory organ for inflammation/immune responses and other functions; fourth, LPIs activate transcriptomic remodeling by upregulating 172 transcription factors (TFs), namely, pro-inflammatory factors NR4A3, FOS, KLF3, and HIF1A; fifth, LPIs upregulate 152 nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial (mitoCarta) genes, which alter mitochondrial mechanisms and functions, such as mitochondrial organization, respiration, translation, and transport; sixth, LPIs activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) mechanism by upregulating 18 ROS regulators; finally, utilizing the Cytoscape software, we found that three mechanisms, namely, LPI-upregulated TFs, mitoCarta genes, and ROS regulators, are integrated to promote HAEC activation. Our results provide novel insights into aortic EC activation, formulate an EC biology knowledge-based transcriptomic profile strategy, and identify new targets for the development of therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory conditions, immune diseases, organ transplantation, aging, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keman Xu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Aria Gillespie
- Neural Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lu Liu
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hang Xi
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Center for Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Domenico Pratico
- Alzheimer's Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xuebin Qin
- National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric T. Choi
- Surgery (Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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10
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Shao Y, Yang WY, Saaoud F, Drummer C, Sun Y, Xu K, Lu Y, Shan H, Shevach EM, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. IL-35 promotes CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs and inhibits atherosclerosis via maintaining CCR5-amplified Treg-suppressive mechanisms. JCI Insight 2021; 6:152511. [PMID: 34622804 PMCID: PMC8525592 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tregs play vital roles in suppressing atherogenesis. Pathological conditions reshape Tregs and increase Treg-weakening plasticity. It remains unclear how Tregs preserve their function and how Tregs switch into alternative phenotypes in the environment of atherosclerosis. In this study, we observed a great induction of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in the spleen and aorta of ApoE–/– mice, accompanied by a significant increase of plasma IL-35 levels. To determine if IL-35 devotes its role in the rise of Tregs, we generated IL-35 subunit P35–deficient (IL-35P35–deficient) mice on an ApoE–/– background and found Treg reduction in the spleen and aorta compared with ApoE–/– controls. In addition, our RNA sequencing data show the elevation of a set of chemokine receptor transcripts in the ApoE–/– Tregs, and we have validated higher CCR5 expression in ApoE–/– Tregs in the presence of IL-35 than in the absence of IL-35. Furthermore, we observed that CCR5+ Tregs in ApoE–/– have lower Treg-weakening AKT-mTOR signaling, higher expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptors TIGIT and PD-1, and higher expression of IL-10 compared with WT CCR5+ Tregs. In conclusion, IL-35 counteracts hyperlipidemia in maintaining Treg-suppressive function by increasing 3 CCR5-amplified mechanisms, including Treg migration, inhibition of Treg weakening AKT-mTOR signaling, and promotion of TIGIT and PD-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research
| | - Huimin Shan
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Liu M, Wu N, Xu K, Saaoud F, Vasilopoulos E, Shao Y, Zhang R, Wang J, Shen H, Yang WY, Lu Y, Sun Y, Drummer C, Liu L, Li L, Hu W, Yu J, Praticò D, Sun J, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Organelle Crosstalk Regulators Are Regulated in Diseases, Tumors, and Regulatory T Cells: Novel Classification of Organelle Crosstalk Regulators. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:713170. [PMID: 34368262 PMCID: PMC8339352 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.713170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine whether the expressions of 260 organelle crosstalk regulators (OCRGs) in 16 functional groups are modulated in 23 diseases and 28 tumors, we performed extensive -omics data mining analyses and made a set of significant findings: (1) the ratios of upregulated vs. downregulated OCRGs are 1:2.8 in acute inflammations, 1:1 in metabolic diseases, 1:1.2 in autoimmune diseases, and 1:3.8 in organ failures; (2) sepsis and trauma-upregulated OCRG groups such as vesicle, mitochondrial (MT) fission, and mitophagy but not others, are termed as the cell crisis-handling OCRGs. Similarly, sepsis and trauma plus organ failures upregulated seven OCRG groups including vesicle, MT fission, mitophagy, sarcoplasmic reticulum–MT, MT fusion, autophagosome–lysosome fusion, and autophagosome/endosome–lysosome fusion, classified as the cell failure-handling OCRGs; (3) suppression of autophagosome–lysosome fusion in endothelial and epithelial cells is required for viral replications, which classify this decreased group as the viral replication-suppressed OCRGs; (4) pro-atherogenic damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), oxidized-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (oxPAPC), and interferons (IFNs) totally upregulated 33 OCRGs in endothelial cells (ECs) including vesicle, MT fission, mitophagy, MT fusion, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–MT contact, ER– plasma membrane (PM) junction, autophagosome/endosome–lysosome fusion, sarcoplasmic reticulum–MT, autophagosome–endosome/lysosome fusion, and ER–Golgi complex (GC) interaction as the 10 EC-activation/inflammation-promoting OCRG groups; (5) the expression of OCRGs is upregulated more than downregulated in regulatory T cells (Tregs) from the lymph nodes, spleen, peripheral blood, intestine, and brown adipose tissue in comparison with that of CD4+CD25− T effector controls; (6) toll-like receptors (TLRs), reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and inflammasome-activated regulator caspase-1 regulated the expressions of OCRGs in diseases, virus-infected cells, and pro-atherogenic DAMP-treated ECs; (7) OCRG expressions are significantly modulated in all the 28 cancer datasets, and the upregulated OCRGs are correlated with tumor immune infiltrates in some tumors; (8) tumor promoter factor IKK2 and tumor suppressor Tp53 significantly modulate the expressions of OCRGs. Our findings provide novel insights on the roles of upregulated OCRGs in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancers, and novel pathways for the future therapeutic interventions for inflammations, sepsis, trauma, organ failures, autoimmune diseases, metabolic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Na Wu
- Departments of Endocrinology and Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eleni Vasilopoulos
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Departments of Endocrinology and Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lu Liu
- Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jun Yu
- Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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12
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Shao Y, Saredy J, Xu K, Sun Y, Saaoud F, Drummer C, Lu Y, Luo JJ, Lopez-Pastrana J, Choi ET, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Endothelial Immunity Trained by Coronavirus Infections, DAMP Stimulations and Regulated by Anti-Oxidant NRF2 May Contribute to Inflammations, Myelopoiesis, COVID-19 Cytokine Storms and Thromboembolism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653110. [PMID: 34248940 PMCID: PMC8269631 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize transcriptomic changes in endothelial cells (ECs) infected by coronaviruses, and stimulated by DAMPs, the expressions of 1311 innate immune regulatomic genes (IGs) were examined in 28 EC microarray datasets with 7 monocyte datasets as controls. We made the following findings: The majority of IGs are upregulated in the first 12 hours post-infection (PI), and maintained until 48 hours PI in human microvascular EC infected by middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (an EC model for COVID-19). The expressions of IGs are modulated in 21 human EC transcriptomic datasets by various PAMPs/DAMPs, including LPS, LPC, shear stress, hyperlipidemia and oxLDL. Upregulation of many IGs such as nucleic acid sensors are shared between ECs infected by MERS-CoV and those stimulated by PAMPs and DAMPs. Human heart EC and mouse aortic EC express all four types of coronavirus receptors such as ANPEP, CEACAM1, ACE2, DPP4 and virus entry facilitator TMPRSS2 (heart EC); most of coronavirus replication-transcription protein complexes are expressed in HMEC, which contribute to viremia, thromboembolism, and cardiovascular comorbidities of COVID-19. ECs have novel trained immunity (TI), in which subsequent inflammation is enhanced. Upregulated proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL6, CSF1 and CSF3 and TI marker IL-32 as well as TI metabolic enzymes and epigenetic enzymes indicate TI function in HMEC infected by MERS-CoV, which may drive cytokine storms. Upregulated CSF1 and CSF3 demonstrate a novel function of ECs in promoting myelopoiesis. Mechanistically, the ER stress and ROS, together with decreased mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes, facilitate a proinflammatory response and TI. Additionally, an increase of the regulators of mitotic catastrophe cell death, apoptosis, ferroptosis, inflammasomes-driven pyroptosis in ECs infected with MERS-CoV and the upregulation of pro-thrombogenic factors increase thromboembolism potential. Finally, NRF2-suppressed ROS regulate innate immune responses, TI, thrombosis, EC inflammation and death. These transcriptomic results provide novel insights on the roles of ECs in coronavirus infections such as COVID-19, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), inflammation, transplantation, autoimmune disease and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin J Luo
- Neurology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jahaira Lopez-Pastrana
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric T Choi
- Surgery, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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13
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Ni D, Tang T, Lu Y, Xu K, Shao Y, Saaoud F, Saredy J, Liu L, Drummer C, Sun Y, Hu W, Lopez-Pastrana J, Luo JJ, Jiang X, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. Canonical Secretomes, Innate Immune Caspase-1-, 4/11-Gasdermin D Non-Canonical Secretomes and Exosomes May Contribute to Maintain Treg-Ness for Treg Immunosuppression, Tissue Repair and Modulate Anti-Tumor Immunity via ROS Pathways. Front Immunol 2021; 12:678201. [PMID: 34084175 PMCID: PMC8168470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a transcriptomic analyses using the strategies we pioneered and made the following findings: 1) Normal lymphoid Tregs, diseased kidney Tregs, splenic Tregs from mice with injured muscle have 3, 17 and 3 specific (S-) pathways, respectively; 2) Tumor splenic Tregs share 12 pathways with tumor Tregs; tumor splenic Tregs and tumor Tregs have 11 and 8 S-pathways, respectively; 3) Normal and non-tumor disease Tregs upregulate some of novel 2641 canonical secretomic genes (SGs) with 24 pathways, and tumor Tregs upregulate canonical secretomes with 17 pathways; 4) Normal and non-tumor disease tissue Tregs upregulate some of novel 6560 exosome SGs with 56 exosome SG pathways (ESP), tumor Treg ESP are more focused than other Tregs; 5) Normal, non-tumor diseased Treg and tumor Tregs upregulate some of novel 961 innate immune caspase-1 SGs and 1223 innate immune caspase-4 SGs to fulfill their tissue/SG-specific and shared functions; 6) Most tissue Treg transcriptomes are controlled by Foxp3; and Tumor Tregs had increased Foxp3 non-collaboration genes with ROS and 17 other pathways; 7) Immune checkpoint receptor PD-1 does, but CTLA-4 does not, play significant roles in promoting Treg upregulated genes in normal and non-tumor disease tissue Tregs; and tumor splenic and tumor Tregs have certain CTLA-4-, and PD-1-, non-collaboration transcriptomic changes with innate immune dominant pathways; 8) Tumor Tregs downregulate more immunometabolic and innate immune memory (trained immunity) genes than Tregs from other groups; and 11) ROS significantly regulate Treg transcriptomes; and ROS-suppressed genes are downregulated more in tumor Tregs than Tregs from other groups. Our results have provided novel insights on the roles of Tregs in normal, injuries, regeneration, tumor conditions and some of canonical and innate immune non-canonical secretomes via ROS-regulatory mechanisms and new therapeutic targets for immunosuppression, tissue repair, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ni
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - TingTing Tang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lu Liu
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jahaira Lopez-Pastrana
- Department of Psychiatry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin J Luo
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric T Choi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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14
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Yang Q, Zhang R, Tang P, Sun Y, Johnson C, Saredy J, Wu S, Wang J, Lu Y, Saaoud F, Shao Y, Drummer C, Xu K, Yu D, Li R, Ge S, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Ultrasound May Suppress Tumor Growth, Inhibit Inflammation, and Establish Tolerogenesis by Remodeling Innatome via Pathways of ROS, Immune Checkpoints, Cytokines, and Trained Immunity/Tolerance. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6664453. [PMID: 33628851 PMCID: PMC7889351 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6664453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune mechanisms underlying low-intensity ultrasound- (LIUS-) mediated suppression of inflammation and tumorigenesis remain poorly determined. METHODS We used microarray datasets from the NCBI GEO DataSet repository and conducted comprehensive data-mining analyses, where we examined the gene expression of 1376 innate immune regulators (innatome genes (IGs) in cells treated with LIUS. RESULTS We made the following findings: (1) LIUS upregulates proinflammatory IGs and downregulates metastasis genes in cancer cells, and LIUS upregulates adaptive immunity pathways but inhibits danger-sensing and inflammation pathways and promote tolerogenic differentiation in bone marrow (BM) cells. (2) LIUS upregulates IGs encoded for proteins localized in the cytoplasm, extracellular space, and others, but downregulates IG proteins localized in nuclear and plasma membranes, and LIUS downregulates phosphatases. (3) LIUS-modulated IGs act partially via several important pathways of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reverse signaling of immune checkpoint receptors B7-H4 and BTNL2, inflammatory cytokines, and static or oscillatory shear stress and heat generation, among which ROS is a dominant mechanism. (4) LIUS upregulates trained immunity enzymes in lymphoma cells and downregulates trained immunity enzymes and presumably establishes trained tolerance in BM cells. (5) LIUS modulates chromatin long-range interactions to differentially regulate IGs expression in cancer cells and noncancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests novel molecular mechanisms that are utilized by LIUS to induce tumor suppression and inflammation inhibition. Our findings may lead to development of new treatment protocols for cancers and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, XiAn International Medical Center Hospital, XiAn, China
- Heart Center, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Charity Hospital of China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Candice Johnson
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Susu Wu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuping Ge
- Heart Center, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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15
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Zhang R, Xu K, Shao Y, Sun Y, Saredy J, Cutler E, Yao T, Liu M, Liu L, Drummer Iv C, Lu Y, Saaoud F, Ni D, Wang J, Li Y, Li R, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Tissue Treg Secretomes and Transcription Factors Shared With Stem Cells Contribute to a Treg Niche to Maintain Treg-Ness With 80% Innate Immune Pathways, and Functions of Immunosuppression and Tissue Repair. Front Immunol 2021; 11:632239. [PMID: 33613572 PMCID: PMC7892453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.632239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We used functional -omics angles and examined transcriptomic heterogeneity in CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) from spleen (s-Treg), lymph nodes (LN-Treg), intestine (int-Treg), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT-Treg), and made significant findings: 1) Five new shared Treg genes including NIBAN, TNFRSF1b, DUSP4,VAV2, and KLRG1, and 68 new signatures are identified. Among 27 signaling pathways shared in four tissue Treg, 22 pathways are innate immune pathways (81.5%); 2) s-Treg, LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg have zero, 49, 45, and 116 upregulated pathways, respectively; 3) 12, 7, and 15 out of 373 CD markers are identified as specific for LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg, respectively, which may initiate innate immune signaling; 4) 7, 49, 44, and 79 increased cytokines out of 1176 cytokines are identified for four Treg, respectively, suggesting that Treg have much more secretory proteins/cytokines than IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-35; 5) LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg have 13 additional secretory functions more than s-Treg, found by analyzing 1,706 secretomic genes; 6) 2, 20, 25, and 43 increased transcription factors (TFs) out of 1,496 TFs are identified four Treg, respectively; 7) LN-Treg and int-Treg have increased pyroptosis regulators but VAT-Treg have increased apoptosis regulators; 8) 1, 15, 19, and 31 increased kinases out of 661 kinome are identified for s-Treg, LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg, respectively; 9) comparing with that of s-Treg, LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg increase activated cluster (clusters 1–3) markers; and decrease resting cluster (clusters 4–6) markers; and 10) Treg promote tissue repair by sharing secretomes and TFs AHR, ETV5, EGR1, and KLF4 with stem cells, which partially promote upregulation of all the groups of Treg genes. These results suggest that stem cell-shared master genes make tissue Treg as the first T cell type using a Treg niche to maintain their Treg-ness with 80% innate immune pathways, and triple functions of immunosuppression, tissue repair, and homeostasis maintenance. Our results have provided novel insights on the roles of innate immune pathways on Treg heterogeneity and new therapeutic targets for immunosuppression, tissue repair, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Zhang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Cutler
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Tian Yao
- Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer Iv
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dong Ni
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jirong Wang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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16
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Liu M, Saredy J, Zhang R, Shao Y, Sun Y, Yang WY, Wang J, Liu L, Drummer C, Johnson C, Saaoud F, Lu Y, Xu K, Li L, Wang X, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Approaching Inflammation Paradoxes-Proinflammatory Cytokine Blockages Induce Inflammatory Regulators. Front Immunol 2020; 11:554301. [PMID: 33193322 PMCID: PMC7604447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.554301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that underlie various inflammation paradoxes, metabolically healthy obesity, and increased inflammations after inflammatory cytokine blockades and deficiencies remain poorly determined. We performed an extensive -omics database mining, determined the expressions of 1367 innate immune regulators in 18 microarrays after deficiencies of 15 proinflammatory cytokines/regulators and eight microarray datasets of patients receiving Mab therapies, and made a set of significant findings: 1) proinflammatory cytokines/regulators suppress the expressions of innate immune regulators; 2) upregulations of innate immune regulators in the deficiencies of IFNγ/IFNγR1, IL-17A, STAT3 and miR155 are more than that after deficiencies of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, STAT1, NF-kB, and miR221; 3) IFNγ, IFNγR and IL-17RA inhibit 10, 59 and 39 proinflammatory cytokine/regulator pathways, respectively; in contrast, TNFα, IL-6 and IL-18 each inhibits only four to five pathways; 4) The IFNγ-promoted and -suppressed innate immune regulators have four shared pathways; the IFNγR1-promoted and -suppressed innate immune regulators have 11 shared pathways; and the miR155-promoted and -suppressed innate immune regulators have 13 shared pathways, suggesting negative-feedback mechanisms in their conserved regulatory pathways for innate immune regulators; 5) Deficiencies of proinflammatory cytokine/regulator-suppressed, promoted programs share signaling pathways and increase the likelihood of developing 11 diseases including cardiovascular disease; 6) There are the shared innate immune regulators and pathways between deficiency of TNFα in mice and anti-TNF therapy in clinical patients; 7) Mechanistically, up-regulated reactive oxygen species regulators such as myeloperoxidase caused by suppression of proinflammatory cytokines/regulators can drive the upregulation of suppressed innate immune regulators. Our findings have provided novel insights on various inflammation paradoxes and proinflammatory cytokines regulation of innate immune regulators; and may re-shape new therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jason Saredy
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William Y Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Jirong Wang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Candice Johnson
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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17
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Shao Y, Saredy J, Yang WY, Sun Y, Lu Y, Saaoud F, Drummer C, Johnson C, Xu K, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Vascular Endothelial Cells and Innate Immunity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e138-e152. [PMID: 32459541 PMCID: PMC7263359 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the roles of endothelial cells (ECs) in physiological processes, ECs actively participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses. We previously reported that, in comparison to macrophages, a prototypic innate immune cell type, ECs have many innate immune functions that macrophages carry out, including cytokine secretion, phagocytic function, antigen presentation, pathogen-associated molecular patterns-, and danger-associated molecular patterns-sensing, proinflammatory, immune-enhancing, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppression, migration, heterogeneity, and plasticity. In this highlight, we introduce recent advances published in both ATVB and many other journals: (1) several significant characters classify ECs as novel immune cells not only in infections and allograft transplantation but also in metabolic diseases; (2) several new receptor systems including conditional danger-associated molecular pattern receptors, nonpattern receptors, and homeostasis associated molecular patterns receptors contribute to innate immune functions of ECs; (3) immunometabolism and innate immune memory determine the innate immune functions of ECs; (4) a great induction of the immune checkpoint receptors in ECs during inflammations suggests the immune tolerogenic functions of ECs; and (5) association of immune checkpoint inhibitors with cardiovascular adverse events and cardio-oncology indicates the potential contributions of ECs as innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - William Y. Yang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Candice Johnson
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
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18
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Zhang R, Saredy J, Shao Y, Yao T, Liu L, Saaoud F, Yang WY, Sun Y, Johnson C, Drummer C, Fu H, Lu Y, Xu K, Liu M, Wang J, Cutler E, Yu D, Jiang X, Li Y, Li R, Wang L, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. End-stage renal disease is different from chronic kidney disease in upregulating ROS-modulated proinflammatory secretome in PBMCs - A novel multiple-hit model for disease progression. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101460. [PMID: 32179051 PMCID: PMC7327976 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and CKD acceleration of cardiovascular and other tissue inflammations remain poorly determined. Methods We conducted a comprehensive data analyses on 7 microarray datasets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with CKD and ESRD from NCBI-GEO databases, where we examined the expressions of 2641 secretome genes (SG). Results 1) 86.7% middle class (molecular weight >500 Daltons) uremic toxins (UTs) were encoded by SGs; 2) Upregulation of SGs in PBMCs in patients with ESRD (121 SGs) were significantly higher than that of CKD (44 SGs); 3) Transcriptomic analyses of PBMC secretome had advantages to identify more comprehensive secretome than conventional secretomic analyses; 4) ESRD-induced SGs had strong proinflammatory pathways; 5) Proinflammatory cytokines-based UTs such as IL-1β and IL-18 promoted ESRD modulation of SGs; 6) ESRD-upregulated co-stimulation receptors CD48 and CD58 increased secretomic upregulation in the PBMCs, which were magnified enormously in tissues; 7) M1-, and M2-macrophage polarization signals contributed to ESRD- and CKD-upregulated SGs; 8) ESRD- and CKD-upregulated SGs contained senescence-promoting regulators by upregulating proinflammatory IGFBP7 and downregulating anti-inflammatory TGF-β1 and telomere stabilizer SERPINE1/PAI-1; 9) ROS pathways played bigger roles in mediating ESRD-upregulated SGs (11.6%) than that in CKD-upregulated SGs (6.8%), and half of ESRD-upregulated SGs were ROS-independent. Conclusions Our analysis suggests novel secretomic upregulation in PBMCs of patients with CKD and ESRD, act synergistically with uremic toxins, to promote inflammation and potential disease progression. Our findings have provided novel insights on PBMC secretome upregulation to promote disease progression and may lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets for novel regimens for CKD, ESRD and their accelerated cardiovascular disease, other inflammations and cancers. (Total words: 279).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Zhang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030013, China; Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Jason Saredy
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Tian Yao
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | | | - Yu Sun
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Candice Johnson
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Charles Drummer
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hangfei Fu
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cutler
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030013, China
| | - Eric T Choi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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19
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Li X, Fang P, Sun Y, Shao Y, Yang WY, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-35 and IL-10 block atherogenic lysophosphatidylcholine-induced, mitochondrial ROS-mediated innate immune activation, but spare innate immune memory signature in endothelial cells. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101373. [PMID: 31731100 PMCID: PMC6920093 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-35 (IL-35) and IL-10 could inhibit acute endothelial cell (EC) activation, however, it remains unknown if and by what pathways IL-35 and IL-10 could block atherogenic lipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced sustained EC activation; and if mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) can differentiate mediation of EC activation from trained immunity (innate immune memory). Using RNA sequencing analyses, biochemical assays, as well as database mining approaches, we compared the effects of IL-35 and IL-10 in LPC-treated human aortic ECs (HAECs). Principal component analysis revealed that both IL-35 and IL-10 could similarly and partially reverse global transcriptome changes induced by LPC. Gene set enrichment analyses showed that while IL-35 and IL-10 could both block acute EC activation, characterized by upregulation of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules, IL-35 is more potent than IL-10 in suppressing innate immune signatures upregulated by LPC. Surprisingly, LPC did not induce the expression of trained tolerance itaconate pathway enzymes but induced trained immunity enzyme expressions; and neither IL-35 nor IL-10 was found to affect LPC-induced trained immunity gene signatures. Mechanistically, IL-35 and IL-10 could suppress mtROS, which partially mediate LPC-induced EC activation and innate immune response. Therefore, anti-inflammatory cytokines could reverse mtROS-mediated acute and innate immune trans-differentiation responses in HAECs, but it could spare metabolic reprogramming and trained immunity signatures, which may not fully depend on mtROS. Our characterizations of anti-inflammatory cytokines in blocking mtROS-mediated acute and prolonged EC activation, and sparing trained immunity are significant for designing novel strategies for treating cardiovascular diseases, other inflammatory diseases, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Li
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Pu Fang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - William Y Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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20
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Wang J, Lai B, Nanayakkara G, Yang Q, Sun Y, Lu Y, Shao Y, Yu D, Yang WY, Cueto R, Fu H, Zeng H, Shen W, Wu S, Zhang C, Liu Y, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. Experimental Data-Mining Analyses Reveal New Roles of Low-Intensity Ultrasound in Differentiating Cell Death Regulatome in Cancer and Non-cancer Cells via Potential Modulation of Chromatin Long-Range Interactions. Front Oncol 2019; 9:600. [PMID: 31355136 PMCID: PMC6640725 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mechanisms underlying low intensity ultrasound (LIUS) mediated suppression of inflammation and tumorigenesis remain poorly determined. Methods: We used microarray datasets from NCBI GEO Dataset databases and conducted a comprehensive data mining analyses, where we studied the gene expression of 299 cell death regulators that regulate 13 different cell death types (cell death regulatome) in cells treated with LIUS. Results: We made the following findings: (1) LIUS exerts a profound effect on the expression of cell death regulatome in cancer cells and non-cancer cells. Of note, LIUS has the tendency to downregulate the gene expression of cell death regulators in non-cancer cells. Most of the cell death regulator genes downregulated by LIUS in non-cancer cells are responsible for mediating inflammatory signaling pathways; (2) LIUS activates different cell death transcription factors in cancer and non-cancer cells. Transcription factors TP-53 and SRF- were induced by LIUS exposure in cancer cells and non-cancer cells, respectively; (3) As two well-accepted mechanisms of LIUS, mild hyperthermia and oscillatory shear stress induce changes in the expression of cell death regulators, therefore, may be responsible for inducing LIUS mediated changes in gene expression patterns of cell death regulators in cells; (4) LIUS exposure may change the redox status of the cells. LIUS may induce more of antioxidant effects in non-cancer cells compared to cancer cells; and (5) The genes modulated by LIUS in cancer cells have distinct chromatin long range interaction (CLRI) patterns to that of non-cancer cells. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests novel molecular mechanisms that may be utilized by LIUS to induce tumor suppression and inflammation inhibition. Our findings may lead to development of new treatment protocols for cancers and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gayani Nanayakkara
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William Y. Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ramon Cueto
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hangfei Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Huihong Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Susu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Chunquan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanna Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Eric T. Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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21
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Lu Y, Sun Y, Drummer C, Nanayakkara GK, Shao Y, Saaoud F, Johnson C, Zhang R, Yu D, Li X, Yang WY, Yu J, Jiang X, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. Increased acetylation of H3K14 in the genomic regions that encode trained immunity enzymes in lysophosphatidylcholine-activated human aortic endothelial cells - Novel qualification markers for chronic disease risk factors and conditional DAMPs. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101221. [PMID: 31153039 PMCID: PMC6543097 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To test our hypothesis that proatherogenic lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) upregulates trained immunity pathways (TIPs) in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), we conducted an intensive analyses on our RNA-Seq data and histone 3 lysine 14 acetylation (H3K14ac)-CHIP-Seq data, both performed on HAEC treated with LPC. Our analysis revealed that: 1) LPC induces upregulation of three TIPs including glycolysis enzymes (GE), mevalonate enzymes (ME), and acetyl-CoA generating enzymes (ACE); 2) LPC induces upregulation of 29% of 31 histone acetyltransferases, three of which acetylate H3K14; 3) LPC induces H3K14 acetylation (H3K14ac) in the genomic DNA that encodes LPC-induced TIP genes (79%) in comparison to that of in LPC-induced effector genes (43%) including ICAM-1; 4) TIP pathways are significantly different from that of EC activation effectors including adhesion molecule ICAM-1; 5) reactive oxygen species generating enzyme NOX2 deficiency decreases, but antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 deficiency increases, the expressions of a few TIP genes and EC activation effector genes; and 6) LPC induced TIP genes(81%) favor inter-chromosomal long-range interactions (CLRI, trans-chromatin interaction) while LPC induced effector genes (65%) favor intra-chromosomal CLRIs (cis-chromatin interaction). Our findings demonstrated that proatherogenic lipids upregulate TIPs in HAECs, which are a new category of qualification markers for chronic disease risk factors and conditional DAMPs and potential mechanisms for acute inflammation transition to chronic ones. These novel insights may lead to identifications of new cardiovascular risk factors in upregulating TIPs in cardiovascular cells and novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolic cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and cancers. (total words: 245).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lu
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Gayani K Nanayakkara
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Candice Johnson
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - William Y Yang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jun Yu
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Eric T Choi
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Division of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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22
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Li A, Sun Y, Drummer C, Lu Y, Yu D, Zhou Y, Li X, Pearson SJ, Johnson C, Yu C, Yang WY, Mastascusa K, Jiang X, Sun J, Rogers T, Hu W, Wang H, Yang X. Increasing Upstream Chromatin Long-Range Interactions May Favor Induction of Circular RNAs in LysoPC-Activated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells. Front Physiol 2019; 10:433. [PMID: 31057422 PMCID: PMC6482593 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that form covalently closed continuous loops, and act as gene regulators in physiological and disease conditions. To test our hypothesis that proatherogenic lipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) induce a set of circRNAs in human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) activation, we performed circRNA analysis by searching our RNA-Seq data from LPC-activated HAECs, and found: (1) LPC induces significant modulation of 77 newly characterized cirRNAs, among which 47 circRNAs (61%) are upregulated; (2) 34 (72%) out of 47 upregulated circRNAs are upregulated when the corresponding mRNAs are downregulated, suggesting that the majority of circRNAs are upregulated presumably via LPC-induced “abnormal splicing” when the canonical splicing for generation of corresponding mRNAs is suppressed; (3) Upregulation of 47 circRNAs is temporally associated with mRNAs-mediated LPC-upregulated cholesterol synthesis-SREBP2 pathway and LPC-downregulated TGF-β pathway; (4) Increase in upstream chromatin long-range interaction sites to circRNA related genes is associated with preferred circRNA generation over canonical splicing for mRNAs, suggesting that shifting chromatin long-range interaction sites from downstream to upstream may promote induction of a list of circRNAs in lysoPC-activated HAECs; (5) Six significantly changed circRNAs may have sponge functions for miRNAs; and (6) 74% significantly changed circRNAs contain open reading frames, suggesting that putative short proteins may interfere with the protein interaction-based signaling. Our findings have demonstrated for the first time that a new set of LPC-induced circRNAs may contribute to homeostasis in LPC-induced HAEC activation. These novel insights may lead to identifications of new therapeutic targets for treating metabolic cardiovascular diseases, inflammations, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Li
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yan Zhou
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Simone J Pearson
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Candice Johnson
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Catherine Yu
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, United States
| | - William Y Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kevin Mastascusa
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia University - Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas Rogers
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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23
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Shen H, Wu N, Nanayakkara G, Fu H, Yang Q, Yang WY, Li A, Sun Y, Drummer Iv C, Johnson C, Shao Y, Wang L, Xu K, Hu W, Chan M, Tam V, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. Co-signaling receptors regulate T-cell plasticity and immune tolerance. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2019; 24:96-132. [PMID: 30468648 DOI: 10.2741/4710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We took an experimental database mining analysis to determine the expression of 28 co-signaling receptors in 32 human tissues in physiological/pathological conditions. We made the following significant findings: 1) co-signaling receptors are differentially expressed in tissues; 2) heart, trachea, kidney, mammary gland and muscle express co-signaling receptors that mediate CD4+T cell functions such as priming, differentiation, effector, and memory; 3) urinary tumor, germ cell tumor, leukemia and chondrosarcoma express high levels of co-signaling receptors for T cell activation; 4) expression of inflammasome components are correlated with the expression of co-signaling receptors; 5) CD40, SLAM, CD80 are differentially expressed in leukocytes from patients with trauma, bacterial infections, polarized macrophages and in activated endothelial cells; 6) forward and reverse signaling of 50% co-inhibition receptors are upregulated in endothelial cells during inflammation; and 7) STAT1 deficiency in T cells upregulates MHC class II and co-stimulation receptors. Our results have provided novel insights into co-signaling receptors as physiological regulators and potentiate identification of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of sterile inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China,
| | - Gayani Nanayakkara
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University,Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
| | - Hangfei Fu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University,Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
| | - Qian Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
| | - William Y Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
| | - Angus Li
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University ,Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
| | - Charles Drummer Iv
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, and Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
| | - Candice Johnson
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University,Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University,Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
| | - Luqiao Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research,Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
| | - Marion Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
| | - Vincent Tam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
| | - Eric T Choi
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, U.S.A
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24
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Li X, Wang L, Fang P, Sun Y, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang XF. Lysophospholipids induce innate immune transdifferentiation of endothelial cells, resulting in prolonged endothelial activation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11033-11045. [PMID: 29769317 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells express danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) receptors, T-cell costimulation/coinhibition receptors, and major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II). We have recently proposed that endothelial cells can serve as innate immune cells, but the molecular mechanisms involved still await discovery. Here, we investigated whether human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) could be transdifferentiated into innate immune cells by exposing them to hyperlipidemia-up-regulated DAMP molecules, i.e. lysophospholipids. Performing RNA-seq analysis of lysophospholipid-treated HAECs, we found that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) regulate largely distinct gene programs as revealed by principal component analysis. Metabolically, LPC up-regulated genes that are involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, presumably through sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2). By contrast, LPI up-regulated gene transcripts critical for the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and amino acids. Of note, we found that LPC and LPI both induce adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines, which are all classic markers of endothelial cell activation, in HAECs. Moreover, LPC and LPI shared the ability to transdifferentiate HAECs into innate immune cells, including induction of potent DAMP receptors, such as CD36 molecule, T-cell costimulation/coinhibition receptors, and MHC-II proteins. The induction of these innate-immunity signatures by lysophospholipids correlated with their ability to induce up-regulation of cytosolic calcium and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, lysophospholipids such as LPC and LPI induce innate immune cell transdifferentiation in HAECs. The concept of prolonged endothelial activation, discovered here, is relevant for designing new strategies for managing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and.,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Luqiao Wang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, China
| | - Pu Fang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and.,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Yu Sun
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and.,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and.,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and.,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and .,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
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Xu K, Yang WY, Nanayakkara GK, Shao Y, Yang F, Hu W, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. GATA3, HDAC6, and BCL6 Regulate FOXP3+ Treg Plasticity and Determine Treg Conversion into Either Novel Antigen-Presenting Cell-Like Treg or Th1-Treg. Front Immunol 2018; 9:45. [PMID: 29434588 PMCID: PMC5790774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted an experimental database analysis to determine the expression of 61 CD4+ Th subset regulators in human and murine tissues, cells, and in T-regulatory cells (Treg) in physiological and pathological conditions. We made the following significant findings: (1) adipose tissues of diabetic patients with insulin resistance upregulated various Th effector subset regulators; (2) in skin biopsy from patients with psoriasis, and in blood cells from patients with lupus, effector Th subset regulators were more upregulated than downregulated; (3) in rosiglitazone induced failing hearts in ApoE-deficient (KO) mice, various Th subset regulators were upregulated rather than downregulated; (4) aortic endothelial cells activated by proatherogenic stimuli secrete several Th subset-promoting cytokines; (5) in Treg from follicular Th (Tfh)-transcription factor (TF) Bcl6 KO mice, various Th subset regulators were upregulated; whereas in Treg from Th2-TF GATA3 KO mice and HDAC6 KO mice, various Th subset regulators were downregulated, suggesting that Bcl6 inhibits, GATA3 and HDAC6 promote, Treg plasticity; and (6) GATA3 KO, and Bcl6 KO Treg upregulated MHC II molecules and T cell co-stimulation receptors, suggesting that GATA3 and BCL6 inhibit Treg from becoming novel APC-Treg. Our data implies that while HDAC6 and Bcl6 are important regulators of Treg plasticity, GATA3 determine the fate of plastic Tregby controlling whether it will convert in to either Th1-Treg or APC-T-reg. Our results have provided novel insights on Treg plasticity into APC-Treg and Th1-Treg, and new therapeutic targets in metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keman Xu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William Y Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gayani Kanchana Nanayakkara
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fan Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric T Choi
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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26
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Li X, Shao Y, Sha X, Fang P, Kuo YM, Andrews AJ, Li Y, Yang WY, Maddaloni M, Pascual DW, Luo JJ, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. IL-35 (Interleukin-35) Suppresses Endothelial Cell Activation by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Site-Specific Acetylation of H3K14 (Histone 3 Lysine 14). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:599-609. [PMID: 29371247 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IL-35 (interleukin-35) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which inhibits immune responses by inducing regulatory T cells and regulatory B cells and suppressing effector T cells and macrophages. It remains unknown whether atherogenic stimuli induce IL-35 and whether IL-35 inhibits atherogenic lipid-induced endothelial cell (EC) activation and atherosclerosis. EC activation induced by hyperlipidemia stimuli, including lysophosphatidylcholine is considered as an initiation step for monocyte recruitment and atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the expression of IL-35 during early atherosclerosis and the roles and mechanisms of IL-35 in suppressing lysophosphatidylcholine-induced EC activation. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using microarray and ELISA, we found that IL-35 and its receptor are significantly induced during early atherosclerosis in the aortas and plasma of ApoE (apolipoprotein E) knockout mice-an atherosclerotic mouse model-and in the plasma of hypercholesterolemic patients. In addition, we found that IL-35 suppresses lysophosphatidylcholine-induced monocyte adhesion to human aortic ECs. Furthermore, our RNA-sequencing analysis shows that IL-35 selectively inhibits lysophosphatidylcholine-induced EC activation-related genes, such as ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1). Mechanistically, using flow cytometry, mass spectrometry, electron spin resonance analyses, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analyses, we found that IL-35 blocks lysophosphatidylcholine-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which are required for the induction of site-specific H3K14 (histone 3 lysine 14) acetylation, increased binding of proinflammatory transcription factor AP-1 in the promoter of ICAM-1, and induction of ICAM-1 transcription in human aortic EC. Finally, IL-35 cytokine therapy suppresses atherosclerotic lesion development in ApoE knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS IL-35 is induced during atherosclerosis development and inhibits mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-H3K14 acetylation-AP-1-mediated EC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Ying Shao
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Xiaojin Sha
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Pu Fang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Yin-Ming Kuo
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Andrew J Andrews
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Yafeng Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - William Y Yang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Massimo Maddaloni
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - David W Pascual
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Jin J Luo
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.).
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27
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The alternation of autophagy/apoptosis in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs on the developmental stages of atherosclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1053-1060. [PMID: 29136784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in the regulation of T cell-mediated immune responses in atherosclerosis. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying Tregs upon long-term development of atherosclerosis remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, atherosclerotic model was induced in ApoE-/- mice by feeding fat-diet for 10 weeks. Quantification of atherosclerotic lesions was done by calculating the lesion size in the aortic sinus every 2 weeks. The lipid levels and inflammatory mediators were detected in serum sample. The populations of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs were compared between ApoE-/- mice (ApoE-/-) and wild type C57BL/6 littermates (WT). The expression levels of autophagy and apoptosis signaling related regulators were determined by flow cytomery, RT-qPCR, and western blot assays in the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs isolated from ApoE-/- and WT. We found that the sizes of plaque lesions in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice were larger than those in WT group during 10 weeks' detection (all P<0.05); Whereas, flow cytometry assay showed that the populations of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs were significantly reduced in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice compared with those in corresponding WT group from the 4th weeks' detection (all P<0.05). The lipid accumulation and increased pro-inflammatory mediators were correlated with the developmental progression of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, compared to WT group, the functional properties of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs from ApoE-/- mice showed a gradually decreased autophagic activity with aberrant expressions of LC3, Beclin1, ATG5, ATG7, p62 (all P<0.05), and a gradually increased apoptotic activity with abnormal expressions of cleaved caspase 3, Bim, Bcl-2 (all P<0.05) during the 10 weeks' detection period. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the population of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs was reversely correlated with plaque forming in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice during atherosclerosis development. And the autophagy/apoptosis-dependent Tregs might play a crucial role for the maintenance of CD4 9+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs survival during atherosclerosis progression.
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28
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Thrombus leukocytes exhibit more endothelial cell-specific angiogenic markers than peripheral blood leukocytes do in acute coronary syndrome patients, suggesting a possibility of trans-differentiation: a comprehensive database mining study. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:74. [PMID: 28335793 PMCID: PMC5364721 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current angiogenic therapies for cancers and cardiovascular diseases have not yet achieved expected benefits, which reflects the need for improved understanding of angiogenesis. In this study, we focused on solving the problem of whether tissues have different angiogenic potentials (APs) in physiological conditions and how angiogenesis is regulated in various disease conditions. Methods In healthy and diseased human and mouse tissues, we profiled the expression of 163 angiogenic genes, including transcription regulators (TRs), growth factors and receptors (GF/Rs), cytokines and chemokines (C/Cs), and proteases and inhibitors (P/Is). TRs were categorized as inflammatory, homeostatic, and endothelial cell-specific TRs, and C/Cs were categorized as pro-angiogenic, anti-angiogenic, and bi-functional C/Cs. Results We made the following findings: (1) the human heart, muscle, eye, pancreas, and lymph node are among the tissues with the highest APs; (2) tissues with high APs have more active angiogenic pathways and angiogenic C/C responses; (3) inflammatory TRs dominate regulation of all angiogenic C/Cs; homeostatic TRs regulate all to a lower extent, while endothelial cell-specific TRs mainly regulate pro-angiogenic and bi-functional C/Cs; (4) tissue AP is positively correlated with the expression of oxygen sensors PHD2 and HIF1B, VEGF pathway gene VEGFB, and stem cell gene SOX2; (5) cancers of the digestive system tend to have increased angiogenesis dominated by endothelial cell-specific pro-angiogenic pathways, while lung cancer and prostate cancer have significantly decreased angiogenesis; and (6) endothelial cell-specific pro-angiogenic pathways are significantly increased in thrombus-derived leukocytes in patients with acute coronary artery disease. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that thrombus-derived leukocytes express more endothelial cell-specific angiogenic markers to directly promote angiogenesis after myocardial infarction and that certain solid tumors may be more sensitive to anti-angiogenic therapies than others. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-017-0440-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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29
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Hao S, Qin Y, Yin S, He J, He D, Wang C. Serum translationally controlled tumor protein is involved in rat liver regeneration after hepatectomy. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:1392-1401. [PMID: 26969900 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM The translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) has been reported to promote progression of many physiological processes. However, whether TCTP is involved in liver regeneration has been rarely studied. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of serum TCTP in liver regeneration after two-thirds partial hepatectomy. METHODS The synthesis rate and accumulated expression of TCTP was assessed by phosphor imaging and Western blot analysis, respectively. The mRNA expression of tctp was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The effect of serum TCTP on hepatocyte proliferation was investigated by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, liver/body weight ratio, albumin concentration, and histological examination of liver following treatment of rat with anti-TCTP antibody or prokaryotic TCTP protein before hepatectomy. The MTT assay was used to examine effect of TCTP on hepatocyte proliferation in vitro. RESULTS The results showed that the expression of intracellular and serum TCTP protein was significantly increased in rats after two-thirds partial hepatectomy. In vivo bromodeoxyuridine labeling assay suggested that treatment with anti-TCTP antibody before hepatectomy significantly decreased hepatocyte proliferation and liver/body weight ratio. The prokaryotic TCTP had a potential promoting effect on hepatocyte proliferation both in vivo and in vitro, although prokaryotic TCTP given to rats prior to hepatectomy did not increase the proliferation ratio or liver/body weight ratio. Furthermore, anti-TCTP antibody pretreatment decreased the expression of cyclin E, cdk2, and interleukin-6 in rat liver. CONCLUSION These findings suggest serum TCTP is involved in rat liver regeneration through promoting hepatocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qin
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjun He
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dacheng He
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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30
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Virtue A, Johnson C, Lopez-Pastraña J, Shao Y, Fu H, Li X, Li YF, Yin Y, Mai J, Rizzo V, Tordoff M, Bagi Z, Shan H, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang XF. MicroRNA-155 Deficiency Leads to Decreased Atherosclerosis, Increased White Adipose Tissue Obesity, and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A NOVEL MOUSE MODEL OF OBESITY PARADOX. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1267-1287. [PMID: 27856635 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.739839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity paradox (OP) describes a widely observed clinical finding of improved cardiovascular fitness and survival in some overweight or obese patients. The molecular mechanisms underlying OP remain enigmatic partly due to a lack of animal models mirroring OP in patients. Using apolipoprotein E knock-out (apoE-/-) mice on a high fat (HF) diet as an atherosclerotic obesity model, we demonstrated 1) microRNA-155 (miRNA-155, miR-155) is significantly up-regulated in the aortas of apoE-/- mice, and miR-155 deficiency in apoE-/- mice inhibits atherosclerosis; 2) apoE-/-/miR-155-/- (double knock-out (DKO)) mice show HF diet-induced obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy, and present with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; 3) DKO mice demonstrate HF diet-induced elevations of plasma leptin, resistin, fed-state and fasting insulin and increased expression of adipogenic transcription factors but lack glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Our results are the first to present an OP model using DKO mice with features of decreased atherosclerosis, increased obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Our findings suggest the mechanistic role of reduced miR-155 expression in OP and present a new OP working model based on a single miRNA deficiency in diet-induced obese atherogenic mice. Furthermore, our results serve as a breakthrough in understanding the potential mechanism underlying OP and provide a new biomarker and novel therapeutic target for OP-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Virtue
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Candice Johnson
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Jahaira Lopez-Pastraña
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Ying Shao
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Hangfei Fu
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Xinyuan Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Ya-Feng Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Ying Yin
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Jietang Mai
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Victor Rizzo
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Michael Tordoff
- the Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- the Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Huimin Shan
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140,
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Li X, Fang P, Yang WY, Chan K, Lavallee M, Xu K, Gao T, Wang H, Yang X. Mitochondrial ROS, uncoupled from ATP synthesis, determine endothelial activation for both physiological recruitment of patrolling cells and pathological recruitment of inflammatory cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:247-252. [PMID: 27925481 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) are signaling molecules, which drive inflammatory cytokine production and T cell activation. In addition, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and autoimmune diseases all share a common feature of increased mtROS level. Both mtROS and ATP are produced as a result of electron transport chain activity, but it remains enigmatic whether mtROS could be generated independently from ATP synthesis. A recent study shed light on this important question and found that, during endothelial cell (EC) activation, mtROS could be upregulated in a proton leak-coupled, but ATP synthesis-uncoupled manner. As a result, EC could upregulate mtROS production for physiological EC activation without compromising mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP generation, and consequently without causing mitochondrial damage and EC death. Thus, a novel pathophysiological role of proton leak in driving mtROS production was uncovered for low grade EC activation, patrolling immunosurveillance cell trans-endothelial migration and other signaling events without compromising cellular survival. This new working model explains how mtROS could be increasingly generated independently from ATP synthesis and endothelial damage or death. Mapping the connections among mitochondrial metabolism, physiological EC activation, patrolling cell migration, and pathological inflammation is significant towards the development of novel therapies for inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Li
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Pu Fang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - William Y Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kylie Chan
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Muriel Lavallee
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Tracy Gao
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Li X, Fang P, Li Y, Kuo YM, Andrews AJ, Nanayakkara G, Johnson C, Fu H, Shan H, Du F, Hoffman NE, Yu D, Eguchi S, Madesh M, Koch WJ, Sun J, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Endothelial Cell Activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1090-100. [PMID: 27127201 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperlipidemia-induced endothelial cell (EC) activation is considered as an initial event responsible for monocyte recruitment in atherogenesis. However, it remains poorly defined what is the mechanism underlying hyperlipidemia-induced EC activation. Here, we tested a novel hypothesis that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) serve as signaling mediators for EC activation in early atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed that several lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species, such as 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1, and their processing enzymes, including Pla2g7 and Pla2g4c, were significantly induced in the aortas of apolipoprotein E knockout mice during early atherosclerosis. Using electron spin resonance and flow cytometry, we found that LPC 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1 induced mtROS in primary human aortic ECs, independently of the activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. Mechanistically, using confocal microscopy and Seahorse XF mitochondrial analyzer, we showed that LPC induced mtROS via unique calcium entry-mediated increase of proton leak and mitochondrial O2 reduction. In addition, we found that mtROS contributed to LPC-induced EC activation by regulating nuclear binding of activator protein-1 and inducing intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene expression in vitro. Furthermore, we showed that mtROS inhibitor MitoTEMPO suppressed EC activation and aortic monocyte recruitment in apolipoprotein E knockout mice using intravital microscopy and flow cytometry methods. CONCLUSIONS ATP synthesis-uncoupled, but proton leak-coupled, mtROS increase mediates LPC-induced EC activation during early atherosclerosis. These results indicate that mitochondrial antioxidants are promising therapies for vascular inflammation and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Pu Fang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Yafeng Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Yin-Ming Kuo
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Andrew J Andrews
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Gayani Nanayakkara
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Candice Johnson
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Hangfei Fu
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Huimin Shan
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Fuyong Du
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Nicholas E Hoffman
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Daohai Yu
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Walter J Koch
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Jianxin Sun
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., S.E., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., P.F., Y.L., G.N., C.J., H.F., H.S., F.D., W.J.K., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Biochemistry (N.E.H., M.M.), Department of Physiology (S.E.), Center for Translational Medicine (N.E.H., M.M., W.J.K.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.).
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Spitz C, Winkels H, Bürger C, Weber C, Lutgens E, Hansson GK, Gerdes N. Regulatory T cells in atherosclerosis: critical immune regulatory function and therapeutic potential. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:901-22. [PMID: 26518635 PMCID: PMC11108393 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is mediated by innate and adaptive immune responses. The disease is characterized by sub-endothelial accumulation and modification of lipids in the artery wall triggering an inflammatory reaction which promotes lesion progression and eventual plaque rupture, thrombus formation, and the respective clinical sequelae such as myocardial infarction or stroke. During the past decade, T-cell-mediated immune responses, especially control of pro-inflammatory signals by regulatory T cells (Tregs), have increasingly attracted the interest of experimental and clinical researchers. By suppression of T cell proliferation and secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β, Tregs exert their atheroprotective properties. Atherosclerosis-prone, hyperlipidemic mice harbor systemically less Tregs compared to wild-type mice, suggesting an imbalance of immune cells which affects local and systemic inflammatory and potentially metabolic processes leading to atherogenesis. Restoring or increasing Treg frequency and enhancing their suppressive capacity by various modulations may pose a promising approach for treating inflammatory conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we briefly summarize the immunological basics of atherosclerosis and introduce the role and contribution of different subsets of T cells. We then discuss experimental data and current knowledge pertaining to Tregs in atherosclerosis and perspectives on manipulating the adaptive immune system to alleviate atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Spitz
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Winkels
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Bürger
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Shao Y, Chernaya V, Johnson C, Yang WY, Cueto R, Sha X, Zhang Y, Qin X, Sun J, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang XF. Metabolic Diseases Downregulate the Majority of Histone Modification Enzymes, Making a Few Upregulated Enzymes Novel Therapeutic Targets--"Sand Out and Gold Stays". J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:49-66. [PMID: 26746407 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether the expression of histone modification enzymes is regulated in physiological and pathological conditions, we took an experimental database mining approach pioneered in our labs to determine a panoramic expression profile of 164 enzymes in 19 human and 17 murine tissues. We have made the following significant findings: (1) Histone enzymes are differentially expressed in cardiovascular, immune, and other tissues; (2) our new pyramid model showed that heart and T cells are among a few tissues in which histone acetylation/deacetylation, and histone methylation/demethylation are in the highest varieties; and (3) histone enzymes are more downregulated than upregulated in metabolic diseases and regulatory T cell (Treg) polarization/ differentiation, but not in tumors. These results have demonstrated a new working model of "Sand out and Gold stays," where more downregulation than upregulation of histone enzymes in metabolic diseases makes a few upregulated enzymes the potential novel therapeutic targets in metabolic diseases and Treg activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Valeria Chernaya
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Candice Johnson
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - William Y Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ramon Cueto
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaojin Sha
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Eric T Choi
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiao-feng Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, MERB 1059, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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35
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Mai J, Nanayakkara G, Lopez-Pastrana J, Li X, Li YF, Wang X, Song A, Virtue A, Shao Y, Shan H, Liu F, Autieri MV, Kunapuli SP, Iwakura Y, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang XF. Interleukin-17A Promotes Aortic Endothelial Cell Activation via Transcriptionally and Post-translationally Activating p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:4939-54. [PMID: 26733204 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.690081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-secreting T helper 17 cells were recently identified as a CD4(+) T helper subset and implicated in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The issues of whether and by what mechanism hyperlipidemic stress induces IL-17A to activate aortic endothelial cells (ECs) and enhance monocyte adhesion remained largely unknown. Using biochemical, immunological, microarray, experimental data mining analysis, and pathological approaches focused on primary human and mouse aortic ECs (HAECs and MAECs) and our newly generated apolipoprotein E (ApoE)(-/-)/IL-17A(-/-) mice, we report the following new findings. 1) The hyperlipidemia stimulus oxidized low density lipoprotein up-regulated IL-17 receptor(s) in HAECs and MAECs. 2) IL-17A activated HAECs and increased human monocyte adhesion in vitro. 3) A deficiency of IL-17A reduced leukocyte adhesion to endothelium in vivo. 3) IL-17A activated HAECs and MAECs via up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), chemokine CXC motif ligand 1 (CXCL1), and CXCL2. 4) IL-17A activated ECs specifically via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway; the inhibition of p38 MAPK in ECs attenuated IL-17A-mediated activation by ameliorating the expression of the aforementioned proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and EC adhesion molecules including intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that IL-17A activates aortic ECs specifically via p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jietang Mai
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and Departments of Pharmacology and
| | - Gayani Nanayakkara
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Jahaira Lopez-Pastrana
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Xinyuan Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and Departments of Pharmacology and
| | - Ya-Feng Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Xin Wang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Ai Song
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Anthony Virtue
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and Departments of Pharmacology and
| | - Ying Shao
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Huimin Shan
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Fang Liu
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Physiology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and Physiology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and Departments of Pharmacology and
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and Departments of Pharmacology and
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36
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Li YF, Huang X, Li X, Gong R, Yin Y, Nelson J, Gao E, Zhang H, Hoffman NE, Houser SR, Madesh M, Tilley DG, Choi ET, Jiang X, Huang CX, Wang H, Yang XF. Caspase-1 mediates hyperlipidemia-weakened progenitor cell vessel repair. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2016; 21:178-91. [PMID: 26709768 DOI: 10.2741/4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-1 activation senses metabolic danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and mediates the initiation of inflammation in endothelial cells. Here, we examined whether the caspase-1 pathway is responsible for sensing hyperlipidemia as a DAMP in bone marrow (BM)-derived Stem cell antigen-1 positive (Sca-(1+)) stem/progenitor cells and weakening their angiogenic ability. Using biochemical methods, gene knockout, cell therapy and myocardial infarction (MI) models, we had the following findings: 1) Hyperlipidemia induces caspase-1 activity in mouse Sca-(1+) progenitor cells in vivo; 2) Caspase-1 contributes to hyperlipidemia-induced modulation of vascular cell death-related gene expression in vivo; 3) Injection of Sca-1+ progenitor cells from caspase-1(-/-) mice improves endothelial capillary density in heart and decreases cardiomyocyte death in a mouse model of MI; and 4) Caspase-1(-/-) Sca-(1+) progenitor cell therapy improves mouse cardiac function after MI. Our results provide insight on how hyperlipidemia activates caspase-1 in Sca-(1+) progenitor cells, which subsequently weakens Sca-(1+) progenitor cell repair of vasculature injury. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of caspase-1 inhibition in improving progenitor cell therapy for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Feng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, Nanchang, JiangXi 330006, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Thrombosis Research Center
| | - Ren Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, Nanchang, JiangXi 330006, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Thrombosis Research Center
| | - Jun Nelson
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Thrombosis Research Center
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Thrombosis Research Center
| | - Nicholas E Hoffman
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | | | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | | | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Thrombosis Research Center
| | - Cong-Xin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China,
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences(307 Hospital, PLA), No.8 DongDa Road, FengTai Area, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Center
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37
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Sha X, Meng S, Li X, Xi H, Maddaloni M, Pascual DW, Shan H, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang XF. Interleukin-35 Inhibits Endothelial Cell Activation by Suppressing MAPK-AP-1 Pathway. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19307-18. [PMID: 26085094 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.663286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular response is an essential pathological mechanism underlying various inflammatory diseases. This study determines whether IL-35, a novel responsive anti-inflammatory cytokine, inhibits vascular response in acute inflammation. Using a mouse model of LPS-induced acute inflammation and plasma samples from sepsis patients, we found that IL-35 was induced in the plasma of mice after LPS injection as well as in the plasma of sepsis patients. In addition, IL-35 decreased LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the plasma of mice. Furthermore, IL-35 inhibited leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium in the vessels of lung and cremaster muscle and decreased the numbers of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Mechanistically, IL-35 inhibited the LPS-induced up-regulation of endothelial cell (EC) adhesion molecule VCAM-1 through IL-35 receptors gp130 and IL-12Rβ2 via inhibition of the MAPK-activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathway. We also found that IL-27, which shares the EBI3 subunit with IL-35, promoted LPS-induced VCAM-1 in human aortic ECs and that EBI3-deficient mice had similar vascular response to LPS when compared with that of WT mice. These results demonstrated for the first time that inflammation-induced IL-35 inhibits LPS-induced EC activation by suppressing MAPK-AP1-mediated VCAM-1 expression and attenuates LPS-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Our results provide insight into the control of vascular inflammation by IL-35 and suggest that IL-35 is an attractive novel therapeutic reagent for sepsis and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Sha
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Shu Meng
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Xinyuan Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Hang Xi
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Massimo Maddaloni
- the Department of Infectious Diseases & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608
| | - David W Pascual
- the Department of Infectious Diseases & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608
| | - Huimin Shan
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Xiao-feng Yang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
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38
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Lopez-Pastrana J, Ferrer LM, Li YF, Xiong X, Xi H, Cueto R, Nelson J, Sha X, Li X, Cannella AL, Imoukhuede PI, Qin X, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang XF. Inhibition of Caspase-1 Activation in Endothelial Cells Improves Angiogenesis: A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL FOR ISCHEMIA. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17485-94. [PMID: 26037927 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.641191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficient angiogenesis may contribute to worsen the prognosis of myocardial ischemia, peripheral arterial disease, ischemic stroke, etc. Dyslipidemic and inflammatory environments attenuate endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and angiogenesis, worsening the prognosis of ischemia. Under these dyslipidemic and inflammatory environments, EC-caspase-1 becomes activated and induces inflammatory cell death that is defined as pyroptosis. However, the underlying mechanism that correlates caspase-1 activation with angiogenic impairment and the prognosis of ischemia remains poorly defined. By using flow cytometric analysis, enzyme and receptor inhibitors, and hind limb ischemia model in caspase-1 knock-out (KO) mice, we examined our novel hypothesis, i.e. inhibition of caspase-1 in ECs under dyslipidemic and inflammatory environments attenuates EC pyroptosis, improves EC survival mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), angiogenesis, and the prognosis of ischemia. We have made the following findings. Proatherogenic lipids induce higher caspase-1 activation in larger sizes of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) than in smaller sizes of HAECs. Proatherogenic lipids increase pyroptosis significantly more in smaller sizes of HAECs than in larger sizes of the cells. VEGFR-2 inhibition increases caspase-1 activation in HAECs induced by lysophosphatidylcholine treatment. Caspase-1 activation inhibits VEGFR-2 expression. Caspase-1 inhibition improves the tube formation of lysophosphatidylcholine-treated HAECs. Finally, caspase-1 depletion improves angiogenesis and blood flow in mouse hind limb ischemic tissues. Our results have demonstrated for the first time that inhibition of proatherogenic caspase-1 activation in ECs improves angiogenesis and the prognosis of ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahaira Lopez-Pastrana
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research
| | - Lucas M Ferrer
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, the Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Ya-Feng Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research
| | - Xinyu Xiong
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology
| | - Hang Xi
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology
| | - Ramon Cueto
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology
| | - Jun Nelson
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research
| | - Xiaojin Sha
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research
| | - Xinyuan Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology
| | - Ann L Cannella
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology
| | - Princess I Imoukhuede
- the Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | | | - Eric T Choi
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology,
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Yang WY, Shao Y, Lopez-Pastrana J, Mai J, Wang H, Yang XF. Pathological conditions re-shape physiological Tregs into pathological Tregs. BURNS & TRAUMA 2015; 3. [PMID: 26623425 PMCID: PMC4662545 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-015-0001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of CD4 T cells that play an essential role in maintaining peripheral immune tolerance, controlling acute and chronic inflammation, allergy, autoimmune diseases, and anti-cancer immune responses. Over the past 20 years, significant progress has been made since Tregs were first characterized in 1995. Many concepts and principles regarding Tregs generation, phenotypic features, subsets (tTregs, pTregs, iTregs, and iTreg35), tissue specificity (central Tregs, effector Tregs, and tissue resident Tregs), homeostasis (highly dynamic and apoptotic), regulation of Tregs by receptors for PAMPs and DAMPs, Treg plasticity (re-differentiation to other CD4 T helper cell subsets, Th1, Th2, Tfh and Th17), and epigenetic regulation of Tregs phenotypes and functions have been innovated. In this concise review, we want to briefly analyze these eight new progresses in the study of Tregs. We have also proposed for the first time a novel concept that "physiological Tregs" have been re-shaped into "pathological Tregs" in various pathological environments. Continuing of the improvement in our understanding on this important cellular component about the immune tolerance and immune suppression, would lead to the future development of novel therapeutics approaches for acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, allergy, allogeneic transplantation-related immunity, sepsis, autoimmune diseases, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Y Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A
| | - Jahaira Lopez-Pastrana
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A
| | - Jietang Mai
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A
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40
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Virtue A, Mai J, Wang H, Yang X. Lymphocytes and Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118828533.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Yin Y, Li X, Sha X, Xi H, Li YF, Shao Y, Mai J, Virtue A, Lopez-Pastrana J, Meng S, Tilley DG, Monroy MA, Choi ET, Thomas CJ, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang XF. Early hyperlipidemia promotes endothelial activation via a caspase-1-sirtuin 1 pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:804-16. [PMID: 25705917 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of receptors for endogenous metabolic danger signals-associated molecular patterns has been characterized recently as bridging innate immune sensory systems for danger signals-associated molecular patterns to initiation of inflammation in bone marrow-derived cells, such as macrophages. However, it remains unknown whether endothelial cells (ECs), the cell type with the largest numbers and the first vessel cell type exposed to circulating danger signals-associated molecular patterns in the blood, can sense hyperlipidemia. This report determined whether caspase-1 plays a role in ECs in sensing hyperlipidemia and promoting EC activation. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using biochemical, immunologic, pathological, and bone marrow transplantation methods together with the generation of new apoplipoprotein E (ApoE)(-/-)/caspase-1(-/-) double knockout mice, we made the following observations: (1) early hyperlipidemia induced caspase-1 activation in ApoE(-/-) mouse aorta; (2) caspase-1(-/-)/ApoE(-/-) mice attenuated early atherosclerosis; (3) caspase-1(-/-)/ApoE(-/-) mice had decreased aortic expression of proinflammatory cytokines and attenuated aortic monocyte recruitment; and (4) caspase-1(-/-)/ApoE(-/-) mice had decreased EC activation, including reduced adhesion molecule expression and cytokine secretion. Mechanistically, oxidized lipids activated caspase-1 and promoted pyroptosis in ECs by a reactive oxygen species mechanism. Caspase-1 inhibition resulted in accumulation of sirtuin 1 in the ApoE(-/-) aorta, and sirtuin 1 inhibited caspase-1 upregulated genes via activator protein-1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate for the first time that early hyperlipidemia promotes EC activation before monocyte recruitment via a caspase-1-sirtuin 1-activator protein-1 pathway, which provides an important insight into the development of novel therapeutics for blocking caspase-1 activation as early intervention of metabolic cardiovascular diseases and inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.)
| | - Xinyuan Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.)
| | - Xiaojin Sha
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.)
| | - Hang Xi
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.)
| | - Ya-Feng Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.)
| | - Ying Shao
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.)
| | - Jietang Mai
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.)
| | - Anthony Virtue
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.)
| | - Jahaira Lopez-Pastrana
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.)
| | - Shu Meng
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.)
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.)
| | - M Alexandra Monroy
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.)
| | - Eric T Choi
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.)
| | - Craig J Thomas
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.)
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.)
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.)
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L., Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., M.A.M., E.T.C., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.Y., X.L., X.S., H.X., Y.-F.L, Y.S., J.M., A.V., J.L.-P., S.M., D.G.T., X.J., H.W., X.-F.Y.), and Department of Surgery (M.A.M., E.T.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.J.T.).
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Lopez-Pastrana J, Shao Y, Chernaya V, Wang H, Yang XF. Epigenetic enzymes are the therapeutic targets for CD4(+)CD25(+/high)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Transl Res 2015; 165:221-40. [PMID: 25193380 PMCID: PMC4259825 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(+/high)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells are a subset of CD4(+) T cells that play an essential role in maintaining peripheral immune tolerance. Several transcriptional cofactors have been recently identified, which form complexes with transcription factor Foxp3 of Treg cells and contribute in the suppressive function of Treg cells. However, Foxp3 is still defined as a "master" (multiple pathway) regulator gene that controls the development and stability of Treg cells. Because of its importance, the regulatory mechanisms underlying Foxp3 expression have been a focus of intensive investigation. Recent progress suggests that the epigenetic mechanisms responsible for regulating the Foxp3 gene expression are key components of suppressive activity of Treg cells. This review not only discusses the basic concepts of biology and epigenetic modifications of Treg cells, but also analyzes the translational clinical aspect of epigenetic modifications of Treg cells, focusing on several ongoing clinical trials and the Food and Drugs administration (FDA) approved epigenetic-based drugs. The new progress in identifying epigenetic enzymes functional in Treg cells is a new target for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, graft-vs-host disease and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahaira Lopez-Pastrana
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - Valeria Chernaya
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Penn; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Penn.
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Pastrana JL, Sha X, Virtue A, Mai J, Cueto R, Lee IA, Wang H, Yang XF. Regulatory T cells and Atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2012:2. [PMID: 23997979 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9880.s12-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease. The involvement of both innate and adaptive immune responses in the pathogenesis of the disease has been well recognized. Tregs are an essential part of the immune system and have indispensable functions in maintaining immune system homeostasis, mediating peripheral tolerance, preventing autoimmune diseases, and suppressing inflammatory and proatherogenic immune response. Tregs carry out their immunosuppressive functions via several mechansims. One of the well-documented suppressive mechanisms of Tregs is the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-35. Studies have found that IL-10 and TGF-β have atheroprotective properties. In addition, Tregs can suppress the activity of proatherogenic effector T cells, suggesting an atheroprotective role. In fact, fewer Tregs are found in atherogenic ApoE-/- mice comparing to wild-type mice, suggesting an uncontrolled balance between weakened Tregs and effector T cells in atherogenesis. Some clinical studies of autoimmune diseases also suggest that decreased Tregs numbers are associated with increased disease activity. The importance of Tregs in many autoimmune diseases and experimental atherosclerosis has been established in in vivo and in vitro studies. However, the roles of Tregs in atherosclerosis in the clinical setting remains to be further characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahaira Lopez Pastrana
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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Batisti C, Ambrosio MR, Rocca BJ, Tosi GM, Sanchez JC, Arcuri F, Cintorino M, Tripodi SA. Translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) is present in human cornea and increases in herpetic keratitis. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:90. [PMID: 22853445 PMCID: PMC3487898 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translationally controlled tumour protein is a multifunctional calcium binding protein which has an important role in apoptosis, calcium levels balance and immunological response. The aim of this study was to evaluated the presence and distribution of TCTP in healthy human corneas and to identify and characterize the presence and distribution of this protein in human normal cornea. Since recent studies suggest that apoptosis, calcium levels and immunological mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of herpetic stromal keratitis, we studied TCTP expression in this disease. METHODS We evaluated the expression of TCTP at both RNA messanger and protein level by using reverse transcriptase analysis, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry in 10 healthy samples cornea: four obtained after penetrating keratoplasty and six from eyes enucleated for other pathologies. Finally, we analysed by immunohistochemistry ten paraffin-embedded samples of Herpes simplex virus keratitis collected at Siena Department of Human Pathology and Oncology: 5 had clinically quiescent disease and 5 had active corneal inflammation. RESULTS Reverse transcriptase and immunoblotting demonstrated TCTP expression in cornea as a 22,000 Da molecular weight band corresponding to the molecular weight of this protein. Immunohistochemically, all the layers of normal corneal epithelium showed TCTP cytoplasmic expression. TCTP was, also, observed in keratocytes and in the endothelium. In Herpes simplex virus keratitis samples, strong expression of TCTP was evident in stromal cells, in the inflammatory infiltrate and in neo-vessels. CONCLUSIONS In this preliminary study we demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of TCTP in human cornea, suggesting a potential role in the pathogenesis of herpes virus keratitis. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/3306813447428149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Batisti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Li X, Mai J, Virtue A, Yin Y, Gong R, Sha X, Gutchigian S, Frisch A, Hodge I, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang XF. IL-35 is a novel responsive anti-inflammatory cytokine--a new system of categorizing anti-inflammatory cytokines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33628. [PMID: 22438968 PMCID: PMC3306427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains unknown whether newly identified anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-35 (IL-35) is different from other anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in terms of inhibition of inflammation initiation and suppression of full-blown inflammation. Using experimental database mining and statistical analysis methods we developed, we examined the tissue expression profiles and regulatory mechanisms of IL-35 in comparison to other anti-inflammatory cytokines. Our results suggest that in contrast to TGF-β, IL-35 is not constitutively expressed in human tissues but it is inducible in response to inflammatory stimuli. We also provide structural evidence that AU-rich element (ARE) binding proteins and microRNAs target IL-35 subunit transcripts, by which IL-35 may achieve non-constitutive expression status. Furthermore, we propose a new system to categorize anti-inflammatory cytokines into two groups: (1) the house-keeping cytokines, such as TGF-β, inhibit the initiation of inflammation whereas (2) the responsive cytokines including IL-35 suppress inflammation in full-blown stage. Our in-depth analyses of molecular events that regulate the production of IL-35 as well as the new categorization system of anti-inflammatory cytokines are important for the design of new strategies of immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Skelton TS, Tejpal N, Gong Y, Kubiak JZ, Kloc M, Ghobrial RM. Allochimeric molecules and mechanisms in abrogation of cardiac allograft rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012; 31:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Mai J, Virtue A, Maley E, Tran T, Yin Y, Meng S, Pansuria M, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang XF. MicroRNAs and other mechanisms regulate interleukin-17 cytokines and receptors. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2012. [PMID: 22201969 DOI: 10.2741/474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 cytokines are a family of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our current studies found: i) IL-17 cytokines are not ubiquitously expressed, but several receptors and TRAF3IP2 are ubiquitously expressed in tissues with a few exceptions; ii) heart and vascular tissue are in the second tier of readiness to respond to IL-17 cytokine stimulation; iii) alternative transcription starting sites and alternative spliced isoforms are found in IL-17 cytokine and receptor transcripts; iv) higher hypomethylation status is associated with higher expressions of IL-17 receptors; v) the binding sites of several RNA binding proteins are found in the 3'UTRs of the mRNAs of IL-17 cytokines and receptors; and vi) numerous microRNA binding sites are statistically equivalent to that of experimentally verified microRNAs-mRNA interactions in the 3'UTRs of IL-17 cytokine and receptor mRNAs. These results suggest that mechanisms including alternative promoters, alternative splicing, RNA binding proteins, and microRNAs regulate the structures and expressions of IL-17 cytokines and receptors. These results provide an insight into the roles of IL-17 in mediating inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jietang Mai
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Mai J, Virtue A, Maley E, Tran T, Yin Y, Meng S, Pansuria M, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang XF. MicroRNAs and other mechanisms regulate interleukin-17 cytokines and receptors. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2012; 4:1478-95. [PMID: 22201969 PMCID: PMC3289104 DOI: 10.2741/e474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 cytokines are a family of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our current studies found: i) IL-17 cytokines are not ubiquitously expressed, but several receptors and TRAF3IP2 are ubiquitously expressed in tissues with a few exceptions; ii) heart and vascular tissue are in the second tier of readiness to respond to IL-17 cytokine stimulation; iii) alternative transcription starting sites and alternative spliced isoforms are found in IL-17 cytokine and receptor transcripts; iv) higher hypomethylation status is associated with higher expressions of IL-17 receptors; v) the binding sites of several RNA binding proteins are found in the 3'UTRs of the mRNAs of IL-17 cytokines and receptors; and vi) numerous microRNA binding sites are statistically equivalent to that of experimentally verified microRNAs-mRNA interactions in the 3'UTRs of IL-17 cytokine and receptor mRNAs. These results suggest that mechanisms including alternative promoters, alternative splicing, RNA binding proteins, and microRNAs regulate the structures and expressions of IL-17 cytokines and receptors. These results provide an insight into the roles of IL-17 in mediating inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jietang Mai
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A
| | - Anthony Virtue
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A
| | - Erin Maley
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A
| | - Tran Tran
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A
| | - Shu Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A
| | - Meghana Pansuria
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A
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Virtue A, Mai J, Yin Y, Meng S, Tran T, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang XF. Structural evidence of anti-atherogenic microRNAs. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2011; 16:3133-45. [PMID: 21622224 DOI: 10.2741/3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our research attempted to address two important questions--how microRNAs modulate atherogenic inflammatory genes from a panoramic viewpoint and whether their augmented expression results from reduced microRNAs suppression. To resolve these knowledge gaps, we employed a novel database mining technique in conjunction with statistical analysis criteria established from experimentally verified microRNAs. We found that the expression of 33 inflammatory genes up-regulated in atherosclerotic lesions contain structural features in the 3'UTR of their mRNAs for potential microRNAs regulation. Additionally, the binding features governing the interactions between the microRNAs and the inflammatory gene mRNA were statistically identical to the features of experimentally verified microRNAs. Furthermore, 21 of the 33 inflammatory genes (64%) were targeted by highly expressed microRNAs and 10 of these (48%) were targeted by a single microRNA, suggesting microRNA regulation specificity. Supplementing our findings, 7 out of the 20 unique microRNAs (35%) were previously confirmed to be down-regulated when treated with pro-atherogenic factors. These results indicate a critical role of anti-inflammatory microRNAs in suppressing pro-atherogenic inflammatory gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Virtue
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Lahoute C, Herbin O, Mallat Z, Tedgui A. Adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis: mechanisms and future therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Cardiol 2011; 8:348-58. [PMID: 21502963 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2011.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation drives the development of atherosclerosis, and adaptive immunity is deeply involved in this process. Initial studies attributed a pathogenic role to T cells in atherosclerosis, mainly owing to the proatherogenic role of the T-helper (T(H))-1 cell subset, whereas the influence of T(H)2 and T(H)17 subsets is still debated. Today we know that T regulatory cells play a critical role in the protection against atherosclerotic lesion development and inflammation. In contrast to T cells, B cells were initially considered to be protective in atherosclerosis, assumingly through the production of protective antibodies against oxidized LDL. This concept has now been refined and proatherogenic roles of certain mature B cell subsets have been identified. We review the current knowledge about the role of various lymphocyte subsets in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and highlight future targets for immunomodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lahoute
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris Descartes, 56 rue Leblanc, Paris, France
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