1
|
Močnik M, Marčun Varda N. Lipid Biomarkers and Atherosclerosis-Old and New in Cardiovascular Risk in Childhood. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032237. [PMID: 36768558 PMCID: PMC9916711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a complex group of molecules in the body, essential as structural, functional and metabolic components. When disbalanced, they are regarded as a cardiovascular risk factor, traditionally in cholesterol level evaluation. However, due to their complex nature, much research is still needed for a comprehensive understanding of their role in atherosclerosis, especially in the young. Several new lipid biomarkers are emerging, some already researched to a point, such as lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Other lipid molecules are also being increasingly researched, including oxidized forms due to oxidative inflammation in atherosclerosis, and sphingolipids. For many, even those less new, the atherogenic potential is not clear and no clinical recommendations are in place to aid the clinician in using them in everyday clinical practice. Moreover, lipids' involvement in atherogenesis in children has yet to be elucidated. This review summarizes the current knowledge on lipids as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in the paediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Močnik
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Cesta 2, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| | - Nataša Marčun Varda
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Cesta 2, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jamialahmadi T, Baratzadeh F, Reiner Ž, Mannarino MR, Cardenia V, Simental-Mendía LE, Pirro M, Watts GF, Sahebkar A. The Effects of Statin Therapy on Oxidized LDL and Its Antibodies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7850659. [PMID: 35958018 PMCID: PMC9359854 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7850659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Elevated serum low-density lipoproteins (LDL), the substrate for the formation of atherogenic oxidized LDLs (oxLDL), are a causal factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Statins are well known to decrease LDL particle concentration and reduce ASCVD morbidity and mortality. Objective To perform a meta-analysis of the effects of statins (i.e., type, dose, and duration of treatment) on serum levels of oxLDL and on immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels against oxLDL. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched up to February 5th, 2021, for randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating the effect of statins on oxLDL and anti-oxLDL antibody levels. Meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) V2 software. To evaluate the influence of each study on the overall effect size, a sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out method. Evaluation of the funnel plot, Begg's rank correlation, and Egger's weighted regression tests was used to assess the presence of publication bias in the meta-analysis. Results A total of 28 RCTs including 4019 subjects were finally included in the meta-analysis. The results indicated a significant decrease in circulating concentrations of oxLDL after treatment with statins (SMD: -2.150, 95% CI: -2.640, -1.697, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis found no significant effect of the intensity of statin treatment or statin lipophilicity on the reduction of circulating concentrations of oxLDL. An additional meta-analysis of 3 trials showed that statins did not change the serum levels of IgM and IgG antibodies to oxLDL. Conclusion Statin therapy decreases serum oxLDL concentrations but does not affect circulating levels of anti-oxLDL antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Baratzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Massimo R. Mannarino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vladimiro Cardenia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gerald F. Watts
- Cardiometabolic Service, Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ablat N, Ablimit M, Abudoukadier A, Kadeer B, Yang L. Investigating the hemostatic effect of medicinal plant Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M.Johnst extract in a mouse model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114306. [PMID: 34111535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M.Johnst (AE) has been reported to be a potentially useful medicinal herb for the treatment of several circulatory diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. It shows effects such as "cooling of the blood," promotion of blood circulation, detoxification, and rash clearance. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the hemostatic effect of the ethyl acetate extract of AE in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we explored the effects of AE on bleeding time, blood coagulation time, platelet count, and blood coagulation parameters in normal Kunming mice. Different doses of the AE extract (5, 10, and 20 g kg-1·day-1) were administered to mice for 14 days. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na at 0.5%) and Yunnan Baiyao (0.8 g kg-1·day-1) were administered as negative and positive control treatments, respectively. Bleeding time, blood coagulation time, platelet count, blood platelet aggregation, blood platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, platelet factor 4 (PF-4) secretions from blood platelets, and blood coagulation parameters including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen (FIB) levels were measured on day 15 of administration. RESULTS Bleeding and blood coagulation time were significantly lower and TT was shorter in the AE extract-treated groups than in the control groups. Furthermore, FIB levels and platelet count were higher, whereas blood platelet aggregation, blood platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, and PF-4 secretion from blood platelets were more obvious in the AE extract-treated groups than in the control group. However, no significant differences were detected for PT and aPTT between the extract-treated and control groups. CONCLUSIONS The ethyl acetate extract of AE showed potential hemostasis effects in mice by shortening the bleeding and coagulation time. In addition, the extract increased platelet count and induced blood platelet aggregation, blood platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, PF-4 secretion from blood platelets, and FIB level, while it shortened TT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuramatjan Ablat
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; School of Medicine, Huanghuai University, Henan Province, 463000, China.
| | - Mihray Ablimit
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Shache County Dunbag Township Health Center, 844700, China.
| | - Abudoureheman Abudoukadier
- Department of Cardiology, Urumqi City Friendship Hospital, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830049, China.
| | - Buhaiqiemu Kadeer
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Huanghuai University, Henan Province, 463000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tian Z, Li K, Fan D, Zhao Y, Gao X, Ma X, Xu L, Shi Y, Ya F, Zou J, Wang P, Mao Y, Ling W, Yang Y. Dose-dependent effects of anthocyanin supplementation on platelet function in subjects with dyslipidemia: A randomized clinical trial. EBioMedicine 2021; 70:103533. [PMID: 34392146 PMCID: PMC8374375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia induces platelet hyperactivation and hyper-aggregation, which are linked to thrombosis. Anthocyanins could inhibit platelet function in vitro and in mice fed high-fat diets with their effects on platelet function in subjects with dyslipidemia remained unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of anthocyanins on platelet function in individuals with dyslipidemia. METHODS A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted. Ninety-three individuals who were initially diagnosed with dyslipidemia were randomly assigned to placebo or 40, 80, 160 or 320 mg/day anthocyanin groups. The supplementations were anthocyanin capsules (Medox, Norway). Platelet aggregation by light aggregometry of platelet-rich plasma, P-selectin, activated GPⅡbⅢa, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential were tested at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. FINDINGS Compared to placebo group, anthocyanins at 80 mg/day for 12 weeks reduced collagen-induced platelet aggregation (-3.39±2.36%) and activated GPⅡbⅢa (-8.25±2.45%) (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared to placebo group, anthocyanins at 320 mg/day inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation (-7.05±2.38%), ADP-induced platelet aggregation (-7.14±2.00%), platelet ROS levels (-14.55±1.86%), and mitochondrial membrane potential (7.40±1.56%) (P < 0.05). There were dose-response relationships between anthocyanins and the attenuation of platelet aggregation, mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS levels (P for trend <0.05). Furthermore, significantly positive correlations were observed between changes in collagen-induced (r = 0.473) or ADP-induced (r = 0.551) platelet aggregation and ROS levels in subjects with dyslipidemia after the 12-week intervention (P < 0.05). INTERPRETATION Anthocyanin supplementation dose-dependently attenuates platelet function, and 12-week supplementation with 80 mg/day or more of anthocyanins can reduce platelet function in individuals with dyslipidemia. FUNDING None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zezhong Tian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Kongyao Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Die Fan
- Clinical Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518107, PR China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518033, PR China
| | - Xilin Ma
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Yilin Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Fuli Ya
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, PR China
| | - Jinchao Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Yuheng Mao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karapostolakis G, Vakaki M, Attilakos A, Marmarinos A, Papadaki M, Koumanidou C, Alexopoulou E, Gourgiotis D, Garoufi A. The Effect of Long-Term Atorvastatin Therapy on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness of Children With Dyslipidemia. Angiology 2020; 72:322-331. [PMID: 33242982 DOI: 10.1177/0003319720975635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) has been proposed as an early marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in high risk children. Children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia have greater cIMT than matched healthy controls or their unaffected siblings. Statin therapy may delay the progression of cIMT, although long-term studies in children are scarce. We evaluated the effect of atorvastatin treatment on cIMT in children with dyslipidemia. We studied 81 children/adolescents, 27 with severe dyslipidemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] ≥190 mg/dL) and 54 sex- and age-matched healthy controls; LDL-C ≤ 130 mg/dL and lipoprotein (a), Lp(a), ≤30 mg/dL. In the children with dyslipidemia, cIMT was measured twice, before and on treatment (18.2 ± 7.7 months). Anthropometric data, a full lipid profile, liver, kidney, and thyroid function were evaluated. Males with dyslipidemia had a greater cIMT than male controls after adjustment for other factors (P = .049). In addition, a nonstatistically significant decrease in cIMT was observed after treatment (P = .261). Treatment with atorvastatin resulted in a significantly improved lipid profile. Females with dyslipidemia had a significantly thinner cIMT than males. Children with normal and high Lp(a) levels had similar cIMT values. In conclusion, treatment with atorvastatin had a beneficial effect on the lipid profile and cIMT progression in children with severe dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Vakaki
- Radiology Department, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Childrens' Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Achilleas Attilakos
- Third Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, 68993National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon General Hospital, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Marmarinos
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry - Molecular Diagnostic, Second Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, 68993National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Childrens' Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Papadaki
- Outpatient Lipid Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, 68993National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eftymia Alexopoulou
- Radiology Department, Medical School, Attikon General Hospital, 68993National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Gourgiotis
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry - Molecular Diagnostic, Second Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, 68993National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Childrens' Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Garoufi
- Outpatient Lipid Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, 68993National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
"Apple does not fall far from the tree" - subclinical atherosclerosis in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:169. [PMID: 32664969 PMCID: PMC7362468 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) increases the risk of atherosclerosis in children and adults. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in young patients FH is usually subclinical but recognition of children with more pronounced changes is crucial for adjusting effective management. Aim of this research was to use ultrasonography with two-dimensional speckle tracking (2DST) and tonometry to evaluate atherosclerotic changes in patients with FH (parents and their offspring). METHODS Applanation tonometry and carotid arteries sonography with evaluation of the intima-media complex thickness (IMCT) and application of the 2DST were performed in 20 families with FH (20 parents and 29 children). The same size control group (age and sex matched) was included. Results were compared between peers and between generations together with the correlation analysis. RESULTS Adults with FH, in comparison with healthy peers, presented significantly more atherosclerotic plaques (9 vs. 2, p = 0.0230), had significantly thicker IMC (0.84 ± 0.19 vs. 0.56 ± 0.06 mm, p < 0.0001) and had stiffer arterial wall (for stain: 6.25 ± 2.3 vs. 8.15 ± 2.46, p = 0.0103). In children from both groups there were no atherosclerotic plaques and IMCT did not differ significantly (0.42 ± 0.07 vs. 0.39 ± 0.04, p = 0.1722). However, children with FH had significantly stiffer arterial wall according to 2DST (for strain: 9.22 ± 3.4 vs. 11.93 ± 3.11, p = 0.0057) and tonometry (for the pulse wave velocity: 4.5 ± 0.64 vs.3.96 ± 0.62, p = 0.0047). These parameters correlated with atherosclerosis surrogates in their parents (p < 0.001) but were not significantly affected by presence of presumed pathogenic gene variant. CONCLUSIONS Children with FH presented subclinical atherosclerosis manifested as decreased arterial wall elasticity. Degree of stiffening was associated with advancement of atherosclerosis in their parents but did not present significant association with gene variants. Sonography with application of 2DST seems to be a good candidate for comprehensive evaluation of atherosclerosis in families with FH.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bianconi V, Banach M, Pirro M. Why patients with familial hypercholesterolemia are at high cardiovascular risk? Beyond LDL-C levels. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2020; 31:205-215. [PMID: 32205033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common genetic cause of elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) due to defective clearance of circulating LDL particles. All FH patients are at high risk for premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) events due to their genetically determined lifelong exposure to high LDL-C levels. However, different rates of CVD events have been reported in FH patients, even among those with the same genetic mutations and comparable LDL-C levels. Hence, additional CVD risk modifiers, beyond LDL-C, may contribute to increase CVD risk in the FH population. In this review, we discuss the overall CVD risk burden of the FH population. Additionally, we revise the prognostic impact of several traditional and emerging predictors of CVD risk and we provide an overview of the role of specific tools to stratify CVD risk in FH patients in order to ensure them a more personalized treatment approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Piazzale Menghini, 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Piazzale Menghini, 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Narverud I, Christensen JJ, Bakke SS, Ulven SM, Rundblad A, Aukrust P, Espevik T, Bogsrud MP, Retterstøl K, Ueland T, Halvorsen B, Holven KB. Profiling of immune-related gene expression in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia. J Intern Med 2020; 287:310-321. [PMID: 31631426 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate and adaptive immune responses are pivotal in atherosclerosis, but their association with early-stage atherosclerosis in humans is incompletely understood. In this regard, untreated children with familial hypercholesterolaemia may serve as a human model to investigate the effect of elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study the immunological and inflammatory pathways involved in early atherosclerosis by examining mRNA molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children with FH. METHODS We analysed the level of 587 immune-related mRNA molecules using state-of-the-art Nanostring technology in PBMCs from children with (n = 30) and without (n = 21) FH, and from FH children before and after statin therapy (n = 10). RESULTS 176 genes (30%) were differentially expressed between the FH and healthy children at P < 0.05. Compared to healthy children, the dysregulated pathways in FH children included the following: T cells (18/19); B cells (5/6); tumour necrosis factor super family (TNFSF) (6/8); cell growth, proliferation and differentiation (5/7); interleukins (5/9); toll-like receptors (2/5); apoptosis (3/7) and antigen presentation (1/7), where the ratio denotes higher expressed genes to total number of genes. Statin therapy reversed expression of thirteen of these mRNAs in FH children. CONCLUSION FH children display higher PBMC expression of immune-related genes mapped to several pathways, including T and B cells, and TNFSF than healthy children. Our results suggest that LDL-C plays an important role in modulating expression of different immune-related genes, and novel data on the involvement of these pathways in the early atherosclerosis may represent future therapeutic targets for prevention of atherosclerotic progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Narverud
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J J Christensen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S S Bakke
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - S M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - P Aukrust
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Espevik
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M P Bogsrud
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Ueland
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen TREC, The Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - B Halvorsen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K B Holven
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Inflammatory Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:25-52. [PMID: 32691159 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a frequent autosomal genetic disease characterized by elevated concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) from birth with increased risk of premature atherosclerotic complications. Accumulating evidence has shown enhanced inflammation in patients with FH. In vessels, the deposition of modified cholesterol lipoproteins triggers local inflammation. Then, inflammation facilitates fatty streak formation by activating the endothelium to produce chemokines and adhesion molecules. This process eventually results in the uptake of vascular oxidized LDL (OxLDL) by scavenger receptors in monocyte-derived macrophages and formation of foam cells. Further leukocyte recruitment into the sub-endothelial space leads to plaque progression and activation of smooth muscle cells proliferation. Several inflammatory biomarkers have been reported in this setting which can be directly synthetized by activated inflammatory/vascular cells or can be indirectly produced by organs other than vessels, e.g., liver. Of note, inflammation is boosted in FH patients. Inflammatory biomarkers might improve the risk stratification for coronary heart disease and predict atherosclerotic events in FH patients. This review aims at summarizing the current knowledge about the role of inflammation in FH and the potential application of inflammatory biomarkers for cardiovascular risk estimation in these patients.
Collapse
|
10
|
Montecucco F, Carbone F, Liberale L, Sahebkar A. Challenges in reducing atherosclerotic inflammation in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 27:2099-2101. [PMID: 31288540 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319862907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Italian Cardiovascular Network, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Italian Cardiovascular Network, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shakeri A, Panahi Y, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Biological properties of metal complexes of curcumin. Biofactors 2019; 45:304-317. [PMID: 31018024 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a naturally occurring phenolic compound isolated from Curcuma longa, has different pharmacological effects, including antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. However, curcumin has been found to have a limited bioavailability because of its hydrophobic nature, low-intestinal absorption, and rapid metabolism. Therefore, there is a need for enhancing the bioavailability and its solubility in water in order to increase the pharmacological effects of this bioactive compound. One strategy is curcumin complexation with transition metals to circumvent the abovementioned problems. Curcumin can undergo chelation with various metal ions to form metallo-complexes of curcumin, which may show greater effects as compared with curcumin alone. Promising results with metal curcumin complexes have been observed with regard to antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity, as well as in treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The present review provides a concise summary of the characterization and biological properties of curcumin-metal complexes. © 2019 BioFactors, 45(3):304-317, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Shakeri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yousefi M, Mamipour M, Sokullu SE, Ghaderi S, Amini H, Rahbarghazi R. Toll-like receptors in the functional orientation of cardiac progenitor cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19451-19463. [PMID: 31025370 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the potential to differentiate into several cell lineages with the ability to restore in cardiac tissue. Multipotency and self-renewal activity are the crucial characteristics of CPCs. Also, CPCs have promising therapeutic roles in cardiac diseases such as valvular disease, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, and cardiac remodeling. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as the main part of the innate immunity, have a key role in the development and differentiation of immune cells. Some reports are found regarding the effect of TLRs in the maturation of stem cells. This article tried to find the potential role of TLRs in the dynamics of CPCs. By showing possible crosstalk between the TLR signaling pathways and CPCs dynamics, we could achieve a better conception related to TLRs in the regeneration of cardiac tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mina Mamipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadiye E Sokullu
- Engineering Sciences, Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Shahrooz Ghaderi
- Department of System Physiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hassan Amini
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gargari G, Deon V, Taverniti V, Gardana C, Denina M, Riso P, Guardamagna O, Guglielmetti S. Evidence of dysbiosis in the intestinal microbial ecosystem of children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia and the potential role of regular hazelnut intake. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:4939468. [PMID: 29566154 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia starts at a pediatric age and represents an unquestionable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Modulation of the intestinal microbial ecosystem (IME), in principle, can ameliorate lipid profiles. In this study, we characterized the IME of children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia by analyzing fecal samples through 16S rRNA gene profiling (n = 15) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) quantification (n = 32). The same analyses were also carried out on age-matched normolipidemic controls (n = 15). Moreover, we evaluated the modulatory effect of regular hazelnut intake (approximately 0.43 g of hazelnuts with skin per kg of body weight) on the IME of 15 children and adolescents with hyperlipidemia for eight weeks. We found alterations of numerous operational taxonomic units potentially associated with SCFA-producing bacteria and reductions in the fecal levels of acetate, butyrate and propionate in hyperlipidemic subjects. Furthermore, we observed that an eight-week hazelnut intervention may induce limited changes in fecal microbiota composition but can significantly modulate the fecal levels of predominant intestinal SCFAs, such as acetate. Finally, correlation analyses indicated that changes in lipidemic parameters are linked to modifications of the abundance of specific bacterial taxa, such as the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae and the genera Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium. This study suggests that children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia possess an altered IME. The promising results presented here support the need for future dietary interventions aimed at positively modulating the IME of hyperlipidemic subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gargari
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Deon
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Gardana
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Denina
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ornella Guardamagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Heilmann RM, Xenoulis PG, Müller K, Stavroulaki EM, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Association of serum calprotectin (S100A8/A9) concentrations and idiopathic hyperlipidemia in Miniature Schnauzers. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:578-587. [PMID: 30788872 PMCID: PMC6430953 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic hyperlipidemia (IH) is a common condition in Miniature Schnauzers (MS). Studies in people have linked IH to low-grade inflammation, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IH complications. The role of inflammation in MS with IH is unknown. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the inflammatory markers serum calprotectin and S100A12 in MS with IH and in response to dietary intervention for IH management. ANIMALS One-hundred fifty clinically healthy MS. METHODS Serum triglyceride, cholesterol, calprotectin, and S100A12 concentrations were measured before and after placing the dogs on an ultra-low fat diet. RESULTS Hypertriglyceridemia (HTGL, P < .001) and hypercholesterolemia (HCHOL, P = .01) were independently associated with increased serum calprotectin but not S100A12 concentrations. Compared to normolipidemic MS, serum calprotectin concentrations were significantly higher in MS with HTGL (P < .001) or combined hyperlipidemia (P = .02), but not those with isolated HCHOL (P = 1.0000). Presence (P = .005) and severity (P = .003) of HTGL and serum cholesterol concentrations (P = .04) decreased in MS with IH within 14-26 weeks after being placed on the ultra-low fat diet, but neither serum calprotectin nor S100A12 concentrations changed significantly with this dietary intervention. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Subclinical (low-grade) inflammation appears to be present in some MS with IH, and an ultra-low fat diet does not decrease serum concentrations of inflammatory proteins in those dogs. Whether this presumed inflammatory phenotype in MS with IH is associated with the development of IH complications (eg, insulin resistance) requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romy M Heilmann
- Small Animal Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany.,Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Panagiotis G Xenoulis
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Small Animal Clinic, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Katrin Müller
- Small Animal Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | | | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Banach M, Mazidi M, Mikhailidis DP, Toth PP, Jozwiak J, Rysz J, Watts GF. Association between phenotypic familial hypercholesterolaemia and telomere length in US adults: results from a multi-ethnic survey. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:3635-3640. [PMID: 30165413 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) accelerates atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and accordingly is the most potent hereditary cause of premature coronary heart disease. The association between telomere length (TL), a biological index of ageing, and FH has not been hitherto investigated. We addressed this question using data from the US National Health and Education National Surveys (NHANES, 1999-2002). Methods and results We included individuals, who had TL measurements (with quantitative polymerase chain reaction method) and a phenotypic diagnosis of FH based on the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria. Sample weights were applied for unequal probabilities of selection, non-response bias, and oversampling by complex sample analysis. The adult prevalence of FH in NHANES was 0.43% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.33-0.57]. The frequencies of probable FH (mean DLCN score: 6.2) and definite FH (mean DLCN score: 8.9) were 0.42% (95% CI 0.32-0.48) and 0.03% (95% CI 0.02-0.06), respectively. Subjects with FH had a higher prevalence of non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes 2 type, and obesity) and early atherosclerosis (2.9% in overall population vs. 42.2% in FH). Overall, the mean TL in the non-FH population was 1.09 (95% CI 1.06-1.12) (T/S ratio) and 1.09 (95% CI 1.03-1.12) [(T/S ratio) for total FH]. Telomere length adjusted for age, sex, race, and body mass index was shorter in FH compared with healthy subjects (FH 0.89, 95% CI 0.84-0.93 vs. healthy: 1.05, 95% CI 0.97-1.11 T/S ratio; P < 0.001). Subjects with longer TL (highest quartile) had 12% less chance of having FH compared with those with TL in the lowest quartile (Q1, 95% CI 0.78-0.93). Conclusions These preliminary data suggest an association between TL, an index of biological age, and the presence of FH, the most common inherited cause of premature ASCVD. Given our relatively low sample size, the findings need confirmation in larger studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Banach
- Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Rzgowska 281/289, Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zyty 28, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigarden 4, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond Street, London, UK
| | - Peter P Toth
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, 600 N. Wolfe St, Carnegie 565-G, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, 01 East Miller Road, Sterling, IL, USA
| | - Jacek Jozwiak
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Kopernika 11A, Opole, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Cardiometabolic Service, Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deon V, Del Bo' C, Guaraldi F, Abello F, Belviso S, Porrini M, Riso P, Guardamagna O. Effect of hazelnut on serum lipid profile and fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phospholipids in children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:1193-1201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
17
|
Maloberti A, Farina F, Carbonaro M, Piccinelli E, Bassi I, Pansera F, Grassi G, Mancia G, Palestini P, Giannattasio C. In healthy normotensive subjects age and blood pressure better predict subclinical vascular and cardiac organ damage than atherosclerosis biomarkers. Blood Press 2018; 27:262-270. [PMID: 29648468 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2018.1461010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Only few studies evaluated biomarkers useful for defining the cardiovascular risk of a subject in a pre-clinical condition (i.e. healthy subjects). In this context we sought to determine the relationships of Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), P-Selectin, Tissue Inhibitors Metalloproteinases type 1 (TIMP-1) and Cystatin-C with subclinical Target Organ Damage (TOD) in normotensive and normoglycemic subjects without known cardiovascular and kidney diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS 480 blood donors participated at the present analysis. TOD was evaluated as Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV), Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) and Intima Media Thickness (IMT) and carotid plaque presence) grouped together under carotid TOD. RESULTS 3.1% of the subjects showed a PWV higher than 10 m/sec with those subjects exerting significantly lower values of P-Selectine (0.068 ± 0.015 vs 0.08 ± 0.036 mg/L, p = .014). 8.8% of the subjects showed carotid TOD that was associated with higher Cystatin-C values (0.67 ± 0.17 vs 0.63 ± 0.14 mg/L, p = .045). Finally 23.8% of the subjects showed LVH with no significant differences regarding biomarkers. Despite some significant correlations between biomarkers and TOD, at the multivariate analysis none came out to be as significant predictor of the assessed TOD. CONCLUSIONS in normotensive and normoglycemic healthy subjects, the evaluated biomarkers of atherosclerotic process didn't show any significant association with cardiac, carotid and vascular TOD while age and BP are its principal predictors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Maloberti
- a Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department , Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda , Milan , Italy.,b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesca Farina
- b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| | - Marco Carbonaro
- b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| | - Enrico Piccinelli
- a Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department , Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda , Milan , Italy.,b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| | - Ilaria Bassi
- a Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department , Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda , Milan , Italy.,b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesco Pansera
- a Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department , Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda , Milan , Italy.,b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy.,c IRCCS Multimedica , Milan , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| | - Paola Palestini
- b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| | - Cristina Giannattasio
- a Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department , Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda , Milan , Italy.,b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Effect of short-term hazelnut consumption on DNA damage and oxidized LDL in children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia: a randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 57:206-211. [PMID: 29753234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Children with primary hyperlipidemia are prone to develop premature atherosclerosis, possibly associated with increased oxidative stress. Nutritional therapy is the primary strategy in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and associated conditions. Dietary interventions with bioactive-rich foods, such as nuts, may contribute to the modulation of both lipid profile and the oxidative/antioxidant status. Our study aimed to assess the impact of a dietary intervention with hazelnuts on selected oxidative stress markers in children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia. A single-blind, 8-week, randomized, controlled, three-arm, parallel-group study was performed. Children and adolescents diagnosed with primary hyperlipidemia (n=60) received dietary guidelines and were randomized into three groups: group 1 received hazelnuts with skin (HZN+S), and group 2 hazelnuts without skin (HZN-S), at equivalent doses (15-30 g/day, based on body weight); group 3 (controls) received only dietary recommendations (no nuts). At baseline and after 8 weeks, plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) concentrations, oxidative levels of DNA damage in PBMCs and potential correlation with changes in serum lipids were examined. A reduction of endogenous DNA damage by 18.9%±51.3% (P=.002) and 23.1%±47.9% (P=.007) was observed after HZN+S and HZN-S, respectively. Oxidatively induced DNA strand breaks decreased by 16.0%±38.2% (P=.02) following HZN+S treatment. Ox-LDL levels did not change after HZN+S intervention but positively correlated with total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. A short-term hazelnut intervention improves cell DNA protection and resistance against oxidative stress but not ox-LDL in hyperlipidemic pediatric patients. The trial was registered at ISRCTN.com, ID no. ISRCTN12261900.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mollazadeh H, Carbone F, Montecucco F, Pirro M, Sahebkar A. Oxidative burden in familial hypercholesterolemia. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5716-5725. [PMID: 29323716 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by high serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). FH is characterized by accelerated development of atherosclerosis and represents the most frequent hereditary cause of premature coronary heart disease. Mutations of the LDL receptor gene are the genetic signature of FH, resulting in abnormal levels of circulating LDLs. Moreover, FH promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which is another key mechanism involved in atherosclerosis development and progression. The aim of this narrative review is to update the current knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms linking FH to ROS generation and their detrimental impact on atherosclerotic pathophysiology. With this purpose, we reviewed experimental and clinical data on the association between FH and OS and the functional role of OS as a promoter of inflammation and atherosclerosis. In this regard, oxidant species such as oxidized LDL, malondialdehyde, ROS, and isoprostanes emerged as leading mediators of the oxidative injury in FH. In conclusion, targeting oxidative stress may be a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce atherogenesis in patients with FH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.,Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sharifi M, Higginson E, Bos S, Gallivan A, Harvey D, Li KW, Abeysekera A, Haddon A, Ashby H, Shipman KE, Cooper JA, Futema M, Roeters van Lennep JE, Sijbrands EJG, Labib M, Nair D, Humphries SE. Greater preclinical atherosclerosis in treated monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia vs. polygenic hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2017; 263:405-411. [PMID: 28549500 PMCID: PMC5567405 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common inherited disorder of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) metabolism. It is associated with higher risk of premature coronary heart disease. Around 60% of patients with a clinical diagnosis of FH do not have a detectable mutation in the genes causing FH and are most likely to have a polygenic cause for their raised LDL-C. We assessed the degree of preclinical atherosclerosis in treated patients with monogenic FH versus polygenic hypercholesterolemia. METHODS FH mutation testing and genotypes of six LDL-C-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined using routine methods. Those with a detected mutation (monogenic) and mutation-negative patients with LDL-C SNP score in the top two quartiles (polygenic) were recruited. Carotid intima media thickness (IMT) was measured by B-mode ultrasound and the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score was performed in three lipid clinics in the UK and the Netherlands. RESULTS 86 patients (56 monogenic FH, 30 polygenic) with carotid IMT measurement, and 166 patients (124 monogenic, 42 polygenic) with CAC score measurement were examined. After adjustment for age and gender, the mean of all the carotid IMT measurements and CAC scores were significantly greater in the monogenic than the polygenic patients [carotid IMT mean (95% CI): 0.74 mm (0.7-0.79) vs. 0.66 mm (0.61-0.72), p = 0.038 and CAC score mean (95%): 24.5 (14.4-41.8) vs. 2.65 (0.94-7.44), p = 0.0004]. CONCLUSIONS In patients with a diagnosis of FH, those with a monogenic cause have a higher severity of carotid and coronary preclinical atherosclerosis than those with a polygenic aetiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Sharifi
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London, The Rayne Institute, University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Elizabeth Higginson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Russells Hall Hospital, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, DY1 2HQ, UK
| | - Sven Bos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Gallivan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Darren Harvey
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Ka Wah Li
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London, The Rayne Institute, University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Amali Abeysekera
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Russells Hall Hospital, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, DY1 2HQ, UK
| | - Angela Haddon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Russells Hall Hospital, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, DY1 2HQ, UK
| | - Helen Ashby
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Russells Hall Hospital, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, DY1 2HQ, UK
| | - Kate E Shipman
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Russells Hall Hospital, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, DY1 2HQ, UK
| | - Jackie A Cooper
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London, The Rayne Institute, University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Marta Futema
- Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | | | | | - Mourad Labib
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Russells Hall Hospital, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, DY1 2HQ, UK
| | - Devaki Nair
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London, The Rayne Institute, University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pirro M, Bianconi V, Paciullo F, Mannarino MR, Bagaglia F, Sahebkar A. Lipoprotein(a) and inflammation: A dangerous duet leading to endothelial loss of integrity. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:178-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
22
|
Rahman T, Hamzan NS, Mokhsin A, Rahmat R, Ibrahim ZO, Razali R, Thevarajah M, Nawawi H. Enhanced status of inflammation and endothelial activation in subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia and their related unaffected family members: a case control study. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:81. [PMID: 28438163 PMCID: PMC5404314 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) leads to premature coronary artery diseases (CAD) which pathophysiologically can be measured by inflammation, endothelial activation and oxidative stress status. However, the status of these biomarkers among related unaffected relatives of FH cases and whether FH is an independent predictor of these biomarkers have not been well established. Thus, this study aims to (1) compare the biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial activation and oxidative stress between patients with FH, their related unaffected relatives (RUC) and normolipaemic subjects (NC) (2)determine whether FH is an independent predictor of these biomarkers. Methods One hundred thirty-one FH patients, 68 RUC and 214 matched NC were recruited. Fasting lipid profile, biomarkers of inflammation (hsCRP), endothelial activation (sICAM-1 and E-selectin) and oxidative stress [oxidized LDL (oxLDL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and F2-isoprostanes (ISP)] were analyzed and independent predictor was determined using binary logistic regression analysis. Results hsCRP was higher in FH and RUC compared to NC (mean ± SD = 1.53 ± 1.24 mg/L and mean ± SD = 2.54 ± 2.30 vs 1.10 ± 0.89 mg/L, p < 0.05). sICAM-1 and E-selectin were higher in FH compared to NC (mean ± SD = 947 ± 742 vs 655 ± 191 ng/mL, p < 0.001 and 175 ± 131 vs 21.6 ± 10.7 ng/mL, p < 0.001 respectively) while sICAM-1 concentration was higher in RUC compared to NC (mean ± SD = 945 ± 379 vs 655 ± 191 ng/mL, p < 0.01). Biomarkers of oxidation (ox-LDL, MDA and ISP) were elevated in FH compared to NC [mean ± SD = (48.2 ± 26.8 vs 27.3 ± 13.2 mU/L, p < 0.001), (2.57 ± 1.3 vs 1.20 ± 0.30 nmol/mL, p < 0.001) and (645 ± 396 vs 398 ± 20.5 pg/L, p < 0.001) respectively], but no significant differences were observed between RUC and NC (p > 0.05). FH was an independent predictor for sICAM-1 (p = 0.007), ox-LDL (p < 0.001) and MDA (p < 0.001) while RUC independently predicted for sICAM-1 (p < 0.001). Conclusion The screening for FH is vital as all biomarkers associated with atherogenesis are higher in these subjects and FH also independently predict biomarkers of endothelial activation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, despite not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for FH, related unaffected family members that may not phenotypically express the mutation may still be at risk of developing CAD as reflected from the enhanced inflammatory and endothelial activation status observed in this group. This highlights the need to not only conduct family tracing in indexed FH cases, but also assess the coronary risk among family members that do not fulfil the FH diagnostic criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuhairah Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Suhana Hamzan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Atiqah Mokhsin
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Radzi Rahmat
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zubin Othman Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rafezah Razali
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Malathi Thevarajah
- Laboratory Medicine Division, Universiti Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hapizah Nawawi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chamaidi A, Karagiannis G, Christidi A, Parisis C, Koutrakis K, Xanthopoulos A, Skoularigis J, Giamouzis G, Triposkiadis FK. Favorable Pulse Wave Augmentation Indices and Left Ventricular Diastolic Profile in β-Thalassemia Minor. Angiology 2017; 68:899-906. [PMID: 28367644 DOI: 10.1177/0003319717701658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
β-Thalassemia minor (β-Τm) is associated with rheological and biochemical alterations that can affect cardiovascular function. We aimed to evaluate the elastic arterial properties and the pulse wave augmentation indices in a population of patients with β-Τm. Seventy-five individuals with β-Τm (age 55.5 [42.75-65.25], women 48%) and 127 controls (age 57 years [48-63], women 55.1%) underwent comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation and applanation tonometry of the radial and femoral artery. Pulse wave analysis revealed that augmentation pressure, augmentation index (AIx), and heart rate-corrected AIx were significantly lower (median [interquartile range]: 8.75 [4.625-13] vs 11 [6.5-14.5], P = .017; 26.5 [17.5-33.375] vs 30.5 [20.75-37.5], P = .014; and 22.25 [15.125-29.5] vs 27 [20.5-33], P = .008, respectively) in the β-Τm group compared to controls. The left atrial active emptying volume was significantly lower and the isovolumic relaxation time was shorter in the β-Τm group compared to the control group (10.2 [7.4-14.4] vs 12.0 [8.6-15.8], P = .040 and 78 [70-90] vs 90 [70-104], P = .034, respectively). β-Thalassemia minor is associated with favorable pulse wave augmentation indices and left ventricular diastolic function profile in asymptomatic individuals with cardiovascular risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Skoularigis
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Larissa University Hospital, Larissa, Greece
| | - Gregory Giamouzis
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Larissa University Hospital, Larissa, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Poinsot P, Collardeau Frachon S, Restier L, Sérusclat A, Di Filippo M, Charrière S, Moulin P, Lachaux A, Peretti N. Childhood/adult-onset lysosomal acid lipase deficiency: A serious metabolic and vascular phenotype beyond liver disease-four new pediatric cases. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:167-177.e3. [PMID: 28391883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The childhood/adult-onset lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LALD; late-onset LALD) is a rare genetic disease. Children present severe fatty liver disease with early cirrhosis. Before enzyme replacement therapy, statins were the standard treatment to improve the severe dyslipidemia. However, late-onset LALD should be considered as a systemic metabolic disease: chronic hyper-low-density lipoprotein and hypo-high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia induces early atherosclerosis in addition to the liver morbidity. OBJECTIVE To assess 4 new pediatric cases of late-onset LALD with an evaluation of hepatic, metabolic, and vascular evolution under statin. METHODS Four patients were retrospectively described. Anthropometric data (weight, height, and body mass index) and laboratory data (LIPA mutations, acid lipase residual activity, liver and lipid profile, and homeostatic model assessment index) were collected. Liver histology was assessed by the noninvasive tests FibroScan and FibroTest and confirmed by liver biopsy. Vascular impact was followed up by carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) assessment. RESULTS The 4 cases of late-onset LALD came from 2 families, each with a boy (aged 8.6 and 11 years at diagnosis) and a girl (aged 10.6 and 13 years at diagnosis). Treatment with statins was performed for 8 and 5 years, respectively, from diagnosis. Statins decreased the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol mean value of 40%. All children showed significant liver fibrosis (F3 [n = 3]; F2 [n = 1]). cIMT showed the following for all children: abnormal measures without improvement and atherosclerotic plaques. One child developed a deleterious metabolic phenotype with obesity and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment = 3.08) associated with higher mean hepatic transaminases (149 vs 98, 88, and 61 IU/L) and increased mean cIMT values (raising from 0.47 to 0.5 mm vs 0.43 and 0.43 mm). CONCLUSION Late-onset LALD is a rare metabolic disease with a larger impact than liver disease. Our work shows the importance of having a global metabolic view and to evaluate the cardiovascular impact of the new enzymatic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Poinsot
- Univ Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Hépathologie, Gastro-entérologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, Hopital Femme Mere Enfant, Bron, France.
| | - Sophie Collardeau Frachon
- Univ Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Pathologie Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Lioara Restier
- Univ Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Hépathologie, Gastro-entérologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, Hopital Femme Mere Enfant, Bron, France
| | - André Sérusclat
- Univ Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Bron, France
| | - Mathilde Di Filippo
- Univ Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Biologie Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France; Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Charles Merieux Medical School, Oullins, France
| | - Sybil Charrière
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Charles Merieux Medical School, Oullins, France; Univ Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service Diabétologie, Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Bron, France; Univ Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Moulin
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Charles Merieux Medical School, Oullins, France; Univ Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service Diabétologie, Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Bron, France; Univ Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Lachaux
- Univ Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Hépathologie, Gastro-entérologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, Hopital Femme Mere Enfant, Bron, France; Univ Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Noel Peretti
- Univ Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Hépathologie, Gastro-entérologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, Hopital Femme Mere Enfant, Bron, France; Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Charles Merieux Medical School, Oullins, France; Univ Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sun M, Van Wijk E, Koval S, Van Wijk R, He M, Wang M, Hankemeier T, van der Greef J. Measuring ultra-weak photon emission as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for detecting early-stage type 2 diabetes: A step toward personalized medicine. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 166:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
26
|
Rowisha M, El-Batch M, El Shikh T, El Melegy S, Aly H. Soluble receptor and gene polymorphism for AGE: relationship with obesity and cardiovascular risks. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:67-71. [PMID: 26991258 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in adolescents has quadrupled in the past 30 y. Markers for cardiovascular risks are needed in this population. We hypothesized that soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) can correlate with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a known index of subclinical atherosclerosis. We also aimed to evaluate the frequency of (Gly82Ser) RAGE gene polymorphism in obese adolescents. METHODS Obese and nonobese adolescents were evaluated in a cross-sectional study for lipid profile, insulin resistance, ADMA, sRAGE, and RAGE gene (Gly 82 Ser) polymorphism. We measured cIMT in all subjects and performed correlation analyses with all markers. RESULTS The study included 50 obese and 40 healthy control adolescents. Compared to controls, obese subjects had less sRAGE (P = 0.02) and greater cIMT (P = 0.006), insulin resistance (P < 0.0001), and ADMA (P < 0.0001). In a multivariate linear regression model, sRAGE was associated with cIMT (β = 0.28, P = 0.04). Both GS and SS genotypes of RAGE were more frequent in obese than controls (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Increased ADMA and decreased sRAGE are associated with cardiovascular risks in obese adolescents. The S allele in RAGE gene is more frequently detected with obesity. The role of RAGE gene and mechanisms leading to cardiovascular risks need further studying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rowisha
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Manal El-Batch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Thanaa El Shikh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Salwa El Melegy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hany Aly
- Department of Pediatrics, the George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common autosomal-dominant disorder in most European countries. Patients with FH are characterised by a raised level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a high risk of premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Currently there is no consensus regarding the clinical utility to predict future coronary events or testing for the presence of subclinical atherosclerotic disease in asymptomatic patients with FH. Family screening of patients with FH as recommended by the UK National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guideline would result in finding many young individuals with a diagnosis of FH who are clinically asymptomatic. The traditional CHD risk scores, that is, the Framingham score, are insufficient in risk prediction in this group of young individuals. In addition, a better understanding of the genetic aetiology of the FH phenotype and CHD risk in monogenic FH and polygenic hypercholesterolaemia is needed. Non-invasive imaging methods such as carotid intima-media thickness measurement might produce more reliable information in finding high-risk patients with FH. The potential market authorisation of novel therapeutic agents such as PCSK9 monoclonal inhibitors makes it essential to have a better screening programme to prioritise the candidates for treatment with the most severe form of FH and at higher risk of coronary events. The utility of new imaging techniques and new cardiovascular biomarkers remains to be determined in prospective trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Sharifi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK Department of Cardiology, Royal Free Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Cardiovascular Genetic Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roby D Rakhit
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Free Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Cardiovascular Genetic Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Devaki Nair
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
- Børge G. Nordestgaard
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Khanam H, Shamsuzzaman. Bioactive Benzofuran derivatives: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:483-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
30
|
Masquio DCL, de Piano A, Campos RMS, Sanches PL, Carnier J, Corgosinho FC, Netto BDM, Carvalho-Ferreira JP, Oyama LM, Oller do Nascimento CM, Tock L, de Mello MT, Tufik S, Dâmaso AR. Reduction in saturated fat intake improves cardiovascular risks in obese adolescents during interdisciplinary therapy. Int J Clin Pract 2015; 69:560-70. [PMID: 25296762 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity is related to inflammation and cardiovascular disease. The increase in saturated fatty acid intake (SFA) can potentiate cardiovascular risks. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of change in SFA on carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), metabolic profile and anti/pro-inflammatory adipokines in obese adolescents. METHODS Sixty obese adolescents were subjected to 1 year of interdisciplinary intervention (nutrition, psychology, physical exercise and clinical therapy). Blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, leptin and adiponectin were analysed. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD. cIMT was measured by ultrasonography. Dietetic intake was calculated by 3-day dietary record. Volunteers were analysed according to tertiles of change (Δ) in SFA intake: Low-SFA reduction<3.68 g; Moderate-SFA reduction 3.68-13.67 g; and High-SFA reduction>13.67 g. RESULTS Moderate and High-SFA tertiles presented reduction in insulin, leptin/adiponectin ratio, cIMT and increase in adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratio. Adiponectin/leptin ratio was predictor of cIMT. HOMA-IR, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol reduced only in High-SFA tertile, and was associated with SFA independent of visceral fat. Negative correlations between Δ of SFA and adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratio were observed. CONCLUSION Obese adolescents with moderate and high reduction in SFA presented improvements on pro/anti-inflammatory biomarkers and cIMT, leading to reduction in cardiovascular risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D C L Masquio
- Post-Graduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo-SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
The role of multicomponent therapy in the metabolic syndrome, inflammation and cardiovascular risk in obese adolescents. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1920-30. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterised by low-grade inflammation, which increases the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular risks. The aim of the present study was to verify the role of multicomponent therapy in controlling the MetS, inflammation and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in obese adolescents. The second aim was to investigate the relationships between adipokines, the MetS parameters and cIMT. A total of sixty-nine obese adolescents participated in the present study and completed 1 year of multicomponent therapy (a combination of strategies involving nutrition, psychology, physical exercise and clinical therapy), and were divided according to their MetS diagnosis as follows: MetS (n 19); non-MetS (n 50). Blood analyses of glucose, lipid and adipokine concentrations (adiponectin, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and C-reactive protein) were collected. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and homeostasis model assessment-adiponectin. cIMT and visceral and subcutaneous fat were estimated using ultrasonography. At baseline, the MetS group presented higher waist circumference, glucose and insulin levels, and systolic and median blood pressures compared with the non-MetS group. After therapy, both groups showed improvements in the anthropometric profile, body composition, insulin level, insulin resistance, insulin sensibility, TAG and VLDL-cholesterol, adiponectin, leptin and PAI-1 levels, blood pressure and cIMT. The prevalence of the MetS was reduced from 27·5 to 13·0 %. Metabolic syndrome patients showed resistance in the attenuation of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and leptin:adiponectin and adiponectin:leptin ratios. In the MetS group, the variation in the adiponectin:leptin ratio was correlated with variations in glucose, insulin sensibility, total cholesterol, LDL-c and systolic blood pressure. Additionally, the number of MetS parameters was correlated with the carotid measurement. Moreover, the variation in cIMT was correlated with the variations in insulin sensibility, total cholesterol and LDL-c. For the entire group, the number of MetS alterations was correlated with the leptin level and leptin:adiponectin ratio and adiponectin:leptin ratio after therapy. In conclusion, multicomponent therapy was effective in controlling the MetS, inflammation and cIMT in the obese adolescents. However, the MetS patients showed resistance in the attenuation of the atherogenic lipid profile and leptin:adiponectin ratio and adiponectin:leptin ratio. These results suggest that the MetS patients have increased cardiovascular risks, and that it is important to attempt to control the inflammatory process that occurs due to obesity in clinical practice in order to improve the health of adolescents.
Collapse
|
32
|
Icli A, Aksoy F, Nar G, Kaymaz H, Alpay MF, Nar R, Guclu A, Arslan A, Dogan A. Increased Mean Platelet Volume in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Angiology 2015; 67:146-50. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319715579781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder of lipoprotein metabolism and increases the risk of premature cardiovascular diseases. In patients with FH, platelet function may be activated; however, the extent of this activation and its etiology are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the mean platelet volume (MPV), a marker of platelet activation, in patients with FH. The study group consisted of 164 patients with FH and 160 control patients. Controls were matched for age, gender, hypertension, and smoking. The MPV was significantly higher in patients with FH than in controls (9.2 ± 0.4 vs 7.9 ± 0.6 fL, respectively; P < .001). Platelet count was significantly lower among patients with FH when compared to control patients (259 ± 51 vs 272 ± 56 × 103/L, respectively; P = .03). In linear regression analysis, MPV was independently associated only with total cholesterol (β = .6, 95% confidence interval: 0.004-0.008, P < .001). We have shown that MPV was increased in patients with FH and that it was independently associated with total cholesterol level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Icli
- Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Aksoy
- Department of Cardiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Gökay Nar
- Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Haci Kaymaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ahi Evran University Education and Research Hospital, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Alpay
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Nar
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Aydın Guclu
- Department of Nephrology, Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Akif Arslan
- Department of Cardiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Dogan
- Department of Cardiology, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sanches PL, de Mello MT, Elias N, Fonseca FAH, Campos RMS, Carnier J, de Piano A, Masquio DCL, Silva PL, Oyama LM, Corgosinho FC, Nascimento CMO, Tock L, D'Elia CA, Tufik S, Dâmaso AR. Hyperleptinemia: implications on the inflammatory state and vascular protection in obese adolescents submitted to an interdisciplinary therapy. Inflammation 2014; 37:35-43. [PMID: 23928876 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The low-grade systemic inflammation seen in obesity may affect the actions of some adipose tissue-derived adipokines that are involved in the regulation of vascular function. We sought to verify whether hyperleptinemia may influence the inflammatory and atherogenic responses in obese adolescents undergoing interdisciplinary therapy. Thirty-four obese adolescents underwent interdisciplinary therapy for 1 year. Subjects were considered hyperleptinemic if they had baseline values of leptin above 20 ng/mL for boys and 24 ng/mL for girls. Both groups showed an improvement in body composition and a reduction in carotid intima-media thickness. However, only subjects in the non-hyperleptinemic group showed an increase in adiponectin concentration after therapy. Moreover, leptin concentration was positively correlated with adiponectin and inversely correlated with PAI-1 in this group. Hyperleptinemic state may impair the attenuation of inflammation in obese adolescents undergoing interdisciplinary therapy, particularly by impeding the increase in adiponectin concentration, which is directly involved in vascular protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila L Sanches
- Post-graduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Narverud I, Retterstøl K, Iversen PO, Halvorsen B, Ueland T, Ulven SM, Ose L, Aukrust P, Veierød MB, Holven KB. Markers of atherosclerotic development in children with familial hypercholesterolemia: A literature review. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:299-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
35
|
Nymo S, Niyonzima N, Espevik T, Mollnes TE. Cholesterol crystal-induced endothelial cell activation is complement-dependent and mediated by TNF. Immunobiology 2014; 219:786-92. [PMID: 25053140 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol crystals are known to be a hallmark of atherosclerosis with recent studies demonstrating deposition of these crystals in early fatty streak formation as well as penetrating the intima following plaque rupture. Inflammation has also become a central focus in atheroma development and endothelial cell activation is recognized as necessary for the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the plaque. However, the extent to which cholesterol crystals can induce inflammation and activate endothelial cells is not known. To investigate this, we developed a novel model activating human umbilical vein endothelial cells using lepirudin anticoagulated human whole blood. We found that cholesterol crystals caused a marked and dose-dependent increase in the adhesion molecules E-selectin and ICAM-1 on the surface of the endothelial cells after incubation with whole blood. There was no activation of the cells when the crystals were incubated in medium alone, or in human serum, despite substantial crystal-induced complement activation in serum. Complement inhibitors at the C3 and C5 levels reduced the whole blood induced endothelial cell activation by up to 89% (p<0.05) and abolished TNF release (p<0.01). Finally, the TNF inhibitor infliximab reduced endothelial activation to background levels (p<0.05). In conclusion, these data demonstrate that endothelial activation by cholesterol crystals is mediated by complement-dependent TNF release, and suggests that complement-inhibition might have a role in alleviating atherosclerosis-induced inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stig Nymo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Nathalie Niyonzima
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sanches PL, de Piano A, Campos RM, Carnier J, de Mello MT, Elias N, Fonseca FA, Masquio DC, da Silva PL, Corgosinho FC, Tock L, Oyama LM, Tufik S, Dâmaso AR. Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with cardiovascular risk factors in obese adolescents: The role of interdisciplinary therapy. J Clin Lipidol 2014; 8:265-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
37
|
Cannizzo B, Quesada I, Militello R, Amaya C, Miatello R, Cruzado M, Castro C. Tempol attenuates atherosclerosis associated with metabolic syndrome via decreased vascular inflammation and NADPH-2 oxidase expression. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:526-33. [PMID: 24490696 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.889295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important factor in the generation of vascular injury in atherosclerosis. Chronic administration of fructose in rodents is able to facilitate oxidative damage. In the present study we evaluated the role of Tempol, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, on the effect of high fructose intake in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-KO) mice. Rodents were fed with fructose overload (FF, 10% w/v) for 8 weeks and treated with Tempol 1 mg/kg/day the latest 4 weeks. Tempol revert the pro-oxidant effects caused by FF, diminished lipid peroxidation and impaired vascular NADPH oxidase system through the downregulation of p47phox expression in the vascular wall. Tempol inhibited the expression of vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in aorta and reduced the development of atheroma plaques. Our results indicate that tempol attenuates oxidative stress by interfering with the correct assembly of Nox2 oxidase complex in the vascular wall and is able to reduce atherosclerosis. Thus tempol represents a potential therapeutic target for preventing risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Cannizzo
- Vascular Biology Lab, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU) CONICET, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Stojadinovic O, Lebrun E, Pastar I, Kirsner R, Davis SC, Tomic-Canic M. Statins as potential therapeutic agents for healing disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/edm.10.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
39
|
Sashidhara KV, Modukuri RK, Sonkar R, Rao KB, Bhatia G. Hybrid benzofuran–bisindole derivatives: New prototypes with promising anti-hyperlipidemic activities. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 68:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
40
|
Varbo A, Benn M, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG. Elevated Remnant Cholesterol Causes Both Low-Grade Inflammation and Ischemic Heart Disease, Whereas Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Causes Ischemic Heart Disease Without Inflammation. Circulation 2013; 128:1298-309. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.003008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Elevated nonfasting remnant cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are causally associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD), but whether elevated nonfasting remnant cholesterol and LDL cholesterol both cause low-grade inflammation is currently unknown.
Methods and Results—
We studied 60 608 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study, the Copenhagen City Heart Study, and the Copenhagen Ischemic Heart Disease study, of whom 10 668 had IHD diagnosed between 1977 and 2011. We genotyped for variants affecting levels of nonfasting remnant cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein by
CRP
alleles, and C-reactive protein by
IL6R
alleles. Using a multidirectional mendelian randomization design, we investigated possible causal associations between the lipoproteins and C-reactive protein and between the lipoproteins and IHD. A 1-mmol/L(39 mg/dL) higher level of nonfasting remnant cholesterol was associated observationally with a 37% (95% confidence interval, 35–39) higher C-reactive protein level and causally with a 28% (95% confidence interval, 10–48) higher level. For LDL cholesterol, a 1-mmol/L (39-mg/dL) higher level was associated observationally with a 7% (95% confidence interval, 6–7) higher C-reactive protein level, but we found no causal association. Likewise, higher levels of C-reactive protein did not associate causally with elevated nonfasting remnant cholesterol or LDL cholesterol. Finally, the causal risk ratio for IHD for a 1-mmol/L (39-mg/dL) higher level was 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.1–5.2) for nonfasting remnant cholesterol and 1.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.5–2.2) for LDL cholesterol. The causal associations for remnant cholesterol were present even in those without diabetes mellitus and obesity.
Conclusions—
Elevated nonfasting remnant cholesterol is causally associated with low-grade inflammation and with IHD, whereas elevated LDL cholesterol is associated causally with IHD without inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Varbo
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry ( A.V., B.G.N.) and Copenhagen General Population Study (A.V., M.B., A.T.-H., B.G.N.), Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.V., M.B., A.T.-H., B.G.N.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B.); Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen
| | - Marianne Benn
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry ( A.V., B.G.N.) and Copenhagen General Population Study (A.V., M.B., A.T.-H., B.G.N.), Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.V., M.B., A.T.-H., B.G.N.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B.); Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry ( A.V., B.G.N.) and Copenhagen General Population Study (A.V., M.B., A.T.-H., B.G.N.), Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.V., M.B., A.T.-H., B.G.N.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B.); Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry ( A.V., B.G.N.) and Copenhagen General Population Study (A.V., M.B., A.T.-H., B.G.N.), Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.V., M.B., A.T.-H., B.G.N.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.B.); Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Reinehr T. Calculating cardiac risk in obese adolescents before and after onset of lifestyle intervention. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2013; 11:297-306. [PMID: 23469910 DOI: 10.1586/erc.13.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence and severity of obesity in adolescents is increasing worldwide. The obesity-associated cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) determine cardiac risk as demonstrated by longitudinal studies. Fat distribution and not overall fat mass determines the cardiac risk, since intra-abdominal adipose tissue is especially related to CRFs. Besides classical CRFs such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and impaired glucose metabolism, a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state in obesity is associated with cardiac risk. Adipocytokines such as adiponectin are related to cardiac risk and may present useful predictors of cardiac mortalities in future. Measurement of the carotid intima-media thickness is a new promising noninvasive marker for early cardiovascular changes including atherosclerosis. The therapy of choice to prevent cardiac events in obesity is lifestyle intervention of obese adolescents. However, in clinical practice, the weight loss in lifestyle interventions is only moderate and drug treatment of CRFs is seldom performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reinehr
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children & Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Dr. F. Steiner Str. 5, Datteln, D 45711, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Masquio DCL, de Piano A, Sanches PL, Corgosinho FC, Campos RMS, Carnier J, da Silva PL, Caranti DA, Tock L, Oyama LM, Oller do Nascimento CM, de Mello MT, Tufik S, Dâmaso AR. The effect of weight loss magnitude on pro-/anti-inflammatory adipokines and carotid intima-media thickness in obese adolescents engaged in interdisciplinary weight loss therapy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:55-64. [PMID: 22809141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a chronic disease defined by an excess amount of adipose tissue and presents a low-grade inflammatory state, increasing cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of weight loss magnitude on the inflammatory profile and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in obese adolescents engaged in interdisciplinary therapy. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Seventy-seven postpubertal obese adolescents with a BMI greater than the 95th percentile (37·18 ± 5·14), of both genders and between the ages of 14 and 19 years (16·74 ± 1·59) were subjected to a 1-year period of interdisciplinary intervention (nutrition, psychology, physical exercise and clinical support). MEASUREMENTS Blood samples were collected to analyse glucose, lipid and adipokine concentrations. Body composition, anthropometric profiles and cIMT were measured. The results are presented according to quartiles of weight loss: 1st (≤5·80 kg) = low; 2nd (5·80-10·90 kg) = low to moderate; 3rd (10·90-15·90 kg) = moderate; and 4th (>15·90 kg) = massive. RESULTS Leptin, the leptin/adiponectin ratio and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) were decreased significantly in the low-to-moderate weight loss. The cIMT was reduced in the moderate weight loss. Moreover, adiponectin was increased only in the massive weight loss. Additionally, weight loss was an independent predictor of changes in leptin level, the adiponectin/leptin ratio (A/L ratio) and PAI-1 when the data were adjusted for age and gender. BMI changes were predictors of changes in leptin and PAI-1 levels. A/L ratio was associated with lean body mass (%), independent of gender and age. In addition, changes in A/L ratio were independent predictors of cIMT alterations. CONCLUSIONS Interdisciplinary therapy may reduce cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents depending on their degree of weight loss (moderate to massive) and when correlated with their inflammatory profile, metabolic state and cIMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah C L Masquio
- Post-Graduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dalla Pozza R. Kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2013; 56:487-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-012-1633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
44
|
Guardamagna O, Cagliero P, Abello F. Management of Inherited Atherogenic Dyslipidemias in Children. Ther Apher Dial 2012; 17:150-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-9987.2012.01146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
45
|
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolaemia is a disorder of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol metabolism, which is associated with the onset of vascular changes associated with coronary heart disease in childhood. This disorder has co-dominant transmission with a prevalence of one in 500 in the general population. Cascade screening is the most effective method of identifying children. Children in the at-risk group should have their cholesterol levels checked between the age of 2 and 10 years. Children with LDL cholesterol levels ≥ 3.4 mmol/L are likely to suffer from this disorder, although at this level there is a significant false positive rate. Molecular genetic testing is available for the LDL receptor gene, APOB gene and the PCSK9 gene. This is the most specific test for familial hypercholesterolaemia but has a false negative rate of 20-50%. Once diagnosed, treatment should be considered in children with an LDL cholesterol level ≥ 4.9 mmol/L. If the child has two other risk factors or a positive family history, this threshold should be lowered to ≥4.1 mmol/L. Guidelines recommend that treatment should be commenced by the age of 10 years, although some advise waiting until menarche in females. Statin therapy is currently recommended as first line treatment. Randomised placebo trials have shown that statin therapy reduces LDL cholesterol levels by 25% and is not associated with increased risk of adverse events. These are short-term studies, and longer follow-up will be required to definitively prove efficacy and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Justo
- Paediatric Cardiology, Queensland Paediatric Cardiac Service, Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Reinehr T, Wunsch R. Intima media thickness-related risk factors in childhood obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 6 Suppl 1:46-52. [PMID: 21905816 DOI: 10.3109/17477166.2011.590199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reinehr
- Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sarkola T, Abadilla AA, Chahal N, Jaeggi E, McCrindle BW. Feasibility of very-high resolution ultrasound to assess elastic and muscular arterial wall morphology in adolescents attending an outpatient clinic for obesity and lipid abnormalities. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:610-5. [PMID: 21920522 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis begins during early life and is accelerated in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. We hypothesized that very-high resolution ultrasound (VHRU, 25-55 MHz) could feasibly detect early arterial changes in adolescents with risk factors. METHODS We prospectively imaged the carotid, brachial and radial arterial morphology (far wall intima-media thickness, IMT; adventitia thickness, AT) by VHRU in 58 youths (age 14 ± 2 years) attending a Pediatric Preventive Cardiology Clinic for assessment and management of cardiovascular risk factors and compared the findings to those from an age-matched group of 67 controls. RESULTS Brachial and radial imaging was successful for all subjects. The carotid far wall could not be imaged in 7% of the patients due to limitations in penetration. VHRU image quality was related to body size and imaging depth. Imaging and analysis time were 12 ± 3 and 18 ± 3 min, respectively. Carotid IMT was increased in patients (0.42 ± 0.05 vs. 0.40 ± 0.06 mm, p = 0.05). No differences were found in brachial or radial IMT or AT vs. controls. Age, male gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure (BP), but not lipid levels, were associated with arterial IMT in regression analyses. CONCLUSION VHRU is feasible in imaging carotid and peripheral muscular artery IMT in adolescents. The arterial IMT is associated with age, gender, adiposity and systolic BP, but not lipid levels, in this adolescent population. Further studies including patients with manifest clinical atherosclerosis are needed to assess if VHRU has applications in atherosclerosis research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisto Sarkola
- Division of Cardiology, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lamotte C, Iliescu C, Libersa C, Gottrand F. Increased intima-media thickness of the carotid artery in childhood: a systematic review of observational studies. Eur J Pediatr 2011; 170:719-29. [PMID: 20978785 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-010-1328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in adults may be caused by a childhood exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. We systematically reviewed observational studies to determine whether obesity, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), dyslipidemia (DL), hypertension (HT), and chronic renal failure (CRF) are associated with increased cIMT in children and adolescent patients compared with control subjects. We performed a PubMed literature search from January 1986 to February 2010. Two reviewers separately verified the inclusion criteria of relevant studies for the objective of the review. The data extracted in the patient and control groups were sample size, age, gender, cIMT measurement methods, cIMT values, and statistical analysis results. From 348 citations, 65 cross-sectional studies (2 cited twice) with case-control design met the inclusion criteria: 26 in obesity, 14 in IDDM, 11 in DL, 8 in HT, and 8 in CRF. cIMT measurement protocols varied according to the studies, with measurements being performed on the common carotid artery in 65/67 cases and on the far wall in 57/67 cases. From the 67 studies cited, 22/26 reported a significantly increased cIMT in obese children and adolescents compared with the control group, 8/14 in IDDM patients, 10/11 in DL patients, 7/8 in HT patients, and 8/8 in CRF patients. CONCLUSION Despite the heterogeneity of ultrasound measurement methods, cIMT was significantly increased in 55 out of the 67 cited studies, confirming early vascular damages in pediatric populations with an increased future risk for vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Lamotte
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 59000, Lille, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Scialla JJ, Plantinga LC, Kao WHL, Jaar B, Powe NR, Parekh RS. Soluble P-selectin levels are associated with cardiovascular mortality and sudden cardiac death in male dialysis patients. Am J Nephrol 2011; 33:224-30. [PMID: 21346329 DOI: 10.1159/000324517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS P-selectin is released by activated platelets and endothelium contributing to inflammation and thrombosis. We evaluated the association between soluble P-selectin and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in dialysis patients. METHODS We measured soluble P-selectin in serum from 824 incident dialysis patients. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we modeled the association of P-selectin levels with ASCVD events, cardiovascular mortality and sudden cardiac death. RESULTS After adjustment for demographics, comorbidity and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, higher P-selectin levels were associated with increased risk of ASCVD and cardiovascular mortality among males (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively), but not females (p = 0.52 and p = 0.31, respectively; p interaction = 0.003), over a median of 38.2 months. Higher P-selectin was associated with a greater risk of sudden cardiac death among males (p = 0.05). The associations between increasing P-selectin and cardiovascular mortality as well as sudden cardiac death in males persisted after adjustment for C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, serum albumin and platelet count (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). The risk for sudden cardiac death was more than 3 times greater for males in the highest tertile of soluble P-selectin compared with the lowest tertile after adjustment (HR: 3.19; 95% CI: 1.18 - 8.62; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION P-selectin is associated with ASCVD, cardiovascular mortality and sudden cardiac death among male dialysis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Scialla
- Department of Medicine, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Masoura C, Pitsavos C, Aznaouridis K, Skoumas I, Vlachopoulos C, Stefanadis C. Arterial endothelial function and wall thickness in familial hypercholesterolemia and familial combined hyperlipidemia and the effect of statins. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2011; 214:129-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|