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Keshani M, Sadeghi N, Tehrani SD, Ahmadi AR, Sharma M. Mediterranean diet enriched with olive oil shows no consistent benefits on cardiometabolic and anthropometric parameters: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03478-9. [PMID: 39153124 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death worldwide but there is a variation in its burden across some nations that seems to be related to dietary habits. Mediterranean populations have lower rates of morbidity and mortality from CVD. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impacts of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) enriched with olive oil on blood lipids, glycemic indices, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices. METHODS A comprehensive search of the Web of Science, PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Embase, and CINAHL databases until March 2024 was conducted to identify clinical trials studying the effects of MedDiet enriched with olive oil on the aforementioned parameters. RESULTS In total, 3303 records were retrieved. A total of 18 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria after records were screened for eligibility. According to the pooled analysis from the random-effects model, the MedDiet enriched with olive oil significantly reduced triglycerides (TG) compared with the control group (WMD = -2.40 mg/dl; 95%CI, -4.533 to -0.262; P = 0.027). Strong heterogeneity was observed. Sensitivity analysis did not change our results and no significant effect of any trial on the overall effect sizes of all variables were found. There was a concern about the reporting bias for some studies which reported some main outcomes. CONCLUSION MedDiet enriched with olive oil showed no consistent effects on any of the reported markers of cardiovascular health except on TG. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION CRD42023424641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Keshani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Narges Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Science, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sahar Dadkhah Tehrani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Manoj Sharma
- Department of Social & Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Bakrim S, Aboulaghras S, Aanniz T, Benali T, El Omari N, El-Shazly M, Lee LH, Mustafa SK, Sahib N, Rebezov M, Ali Shariati M, Lorenzo JM, Bouyahya A. Effects of Mediterranean diets and nutrigenomics on cardiovascular health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:7589-7608. [PMID: 36908235 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2187622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of nutrigenomics studies the interaction between nutrition and genetics, and how certain dietary patterns can impact gene expression and overall health. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), characterized by a high intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, has been linked to better cardiovascular health (CVH) outcomes. This review summarizes the current state of research on the effects of nutrigenomics and MedDiet on cardiovascular health. Results suggest that MedDiet, through its impact on gene expression, can positively influence CVH markers such as blood pressure, lipid profile, and inflammation. However, more research is needed to fully understand the complex interactions between genetics, nutrition, and CVH, and to determine the optimal dietary patterns for individualized care. The aim of this scientific review is to evaluate the current evidence on the effects of nutrigenomics and MedDiet on cardiovascular health. The review summarizes the available studies that have investigated the relationship between nutrition, genetics, and cardiovascular health, and explores the mechanisms by which certain dietary patterns can impact CVH outcomes. The review focuses on the effects of MedDiet, a dietary pattern that is rich in whole foods and healthy fats, and its potential to positively influence CVH through its impact on gene expression. The review highlights the limitations of current research and the need for further studies to fully understand the complex interplay between nutrition, genetics, and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Sara Aboulaghras
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Tarik Aanniz
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syed Khalid Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nargis Sahib
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry, Semey Branch of the Institute, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Jose M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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Seidita A, Cusimano A, Giuliano A, Meli M, Carroccio A, Soresi M, Giannitrapani L. Oxidative Stress as a Target for Non-Pharmacological Intervention in MAFLD: Could There Be a Role for EVOO? Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:731. [PMID: 38929170 PMCID: PMC11201095 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a central role in most chronic liver diseases and, in particular, in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the new definition of an old condition known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanisms leading to hepatocellular fat accumulation in genetically predisposed individuals who adopt a sedentary lifestyle and consume an obesogenic diet progress through mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, which amplifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, and influence the release of chronic inflammation and liver damage biomarkers, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. This close pathogenetic link has been a key stimulus in the search for therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative stress to treat steatosis, and a number of clinical trials have been conducted to date on subjects with NAFLD using drugs as well as supplements or nutraceutical products. Vitamin E, Vitamin D, and Silybin are the most studied substances, but several non-pharmacological approaches have also been explored, especially lifestyle and diet modifications. Among the dietary approaches, the Mediterranean Diet (MD) seems to be the most reliable for affecting liver steatosis, probably with the added value of the presence of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a healthy food with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and variable concentrations of phenols (oleocanthal) and phenolic alcohols, such as hydroxytyrosol (HT) and tyrosol (Tyr). In this review, we focus on non-pharmacological interventions in MAFLD treatment that target oxidative stress and, in particular, on the role of EVOO as one of the main antioxidant components of the MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Seidita
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “V. Cervello” Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Giuliano
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “V. Cervello” Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Meli
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “V. Cervello” Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Carroccio
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “V. Cervello” Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
- Unit of Internal Medicine, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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Missong H, Joshi R, Khullar N, Thareja S, Navik U, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Nutrient-epigenome interactions: Implications for personalized nutrition against aging-associated diseases. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 127:109592. [PMID: 38325612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process involving genetic and environmental interactions often resulting in epigenetic changes, potentially leading to aging-related diseases. Various strategies, like dietary interventions and calorie restrictions, have been employed to modify these epigenetic landscapes. A burgeoning field of interest focuses on the role of microbiota in human health, emphasizing system biology and computational approaches. These methods help decipher the intricate interplay between diet and gut microbiota, facilitating the creation of personalized nutrition strategies. In this review, we analysed the mechanisms related to nutritional interventions while highlighting the influence of dietary strategies, like calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, on microbial composition and function. We explore how gut microbiota affects the efficacy of interventions using tools like multi-omics data integration, network analysis, and machine learning. These tools enable us to pinpoint critical regulatory elements and generate individualized models for dietary responses. Lastly, we emphasize the need for a deeper comprehension of nutrient-epigenome interactions and the potential of personalized nutrition informed by individual genetic and epigenetic profiles. As knowledge and technology advance, dietary epigenetics stands on the cusp of reshaping our strategy against aging and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemi Missong
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Riya Joshi
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Ali I, Zhang H, Zaidi SAA, Zhou G. Understanding the intricacies of cellular senescence in atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102273. [PMID: 38492810 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is currently the largest cause of mortality and disability globally, surpassing communicable diseases, and atherosclerosis is the main contributor to this epidemic. Aging is intimately linked to atherosclerosis development and progression, however, the mechanism of aging in atherosclerosis is not well known. To emphasize the significant research on the involvement of senescent cells in atherosclerosis, we begin by outlining compelling evidence that indicates various types of senescent cells and SASP factors linked to atherosclerotic phenotypes. We subsequently provide a comprehensive summary of the existing knowledge, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms through which cellular senescence contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Further, we cover that senescence can be identified by both structural changes and several senescence-associated biomarkers. Finally, we discuss that preventing accelerated cellular senescence represents an important therapeutic potential, as permanent changes may occur in advanced atherosclerosis. Together, the review summarizes the relationship between cellular senescence and atherosclerosis, and inspects the molecular knowledge, and potential clinical significance of senescent cells in developing senescent-based therapy, thus providing crucial insights into their biology and potential therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Ali
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Syed Aqib Ali Zaidi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
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Al-Naqeb G, Kalmpourtzidou A, De Giuseppe R, Cena H. Beneficial Effects of Plant Oils Supplementation on Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical and Experimental Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:4827. [PMID: 38004221 PMCID: PMC10674509 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis disease (MS) is a 38.5 chronic neurological autoimmune disease that affects the nervous system, and its incidence is increasing globally. At present, there is no cure for this disease, and with its severity and disabling variety, it is important to search for possibilities that could help to slow its progression. It is recognized that the mechanisms of MS pathology, its development and degree of activity can be affected by dietary factors. In this review, the beneficial health effects of 10 plants oils-mainly seed oils, including pomegranate seed oil, sesame oil, acer truncatum bunge seed oil, hemp seeds oil, evening primrose seed oil, coconut oil, walnut oil, essential oil from Pterodon emarginatus seeds, flaxseed oil and olive oil-on MS are discussed. The literature data indicate that plant oils could be effective for the treatment of MS and its related symptoms primarily through reducing inflammation, promoting remyelination, immunomodulation and inhibiting oxidative stress. Plant oils may potentially reduce MS progression. Longitudinal research including a larger sample size with a longer duration is essential to confirm the findings from the selected plant oils. Moreover, new plant oils should be studied for their potential MS benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanya Al-Naqeb
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.K.); (R.D.G.); (H.C.)
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Sana’a, Sana’a P.O. Box 1247, Yemen
| | - Aliki Kalmpourtzidou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.K.); (R.D.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.K.); (R.D.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.K.); (R.D.G.); (H.C.)
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, General Medicine, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Chowdhury SG, Misra S, Karmakar P. Understanding the Impact of Obesity on Ageing in the Radiance of DNA Metabolism. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:314-328. [PMID: 37248755 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a multi-factorial phenomenon which is considered as a major risk factor for the development of neurodegeneration, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, dementia, cancer, and other chronic diseases. Phenotypically, ageing is related with a combination of molecular, cellular, and physiological levels like genomic and epi-genomic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulation of cellular and subcellular function and mitochondrial dysfunction. Though, no single molecular mechanism accounts for the functional decline of different organ systems in older humans but accumulation of DNA damage or mutations is a dominant theory which contributes largely to the development of ageing and age-related diseases. However, mechanistic, and hierarchical order of these features of ageing has not been clarified yet. Scientific community now focus on the effect of obesity on accelerated ageing process. Obesity is a complex chronic disease that affects multiple organs and tissues. It can not only lead to various health conditions such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease but also can decrease life expectancy which shows similar phenotype of ageing. Higher loads of DNA damage were also observed in the genome of obese people. Thus, inability of DNA damage repair may contribute to both ageing and obesity apart from cancer predisposition. The present review emphasizes on the involvement of molecular phenomenon of DNA metabolism in development of obesity and how it accelerates ageing in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Chowdhury
- Parimal Karmakar, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
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Diab A, Dastmalchi LN, Gulati M, Michos ED. A Heart-Healthy Diet for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Where Are We Now? Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:237-253. [PMID: 37113563 PMCID: PMC10128075 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s379874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of Review The relationship between cardiovascular health and diet is evolving. Lifestyle modifications including diet changes are the primary approach in managing cardiometabolic risk factors. Thus, understanding different diets and their impact on cardiovascular health is important in guiding primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Yet, there are many barriers and limitations to adopting a heart healthy diet. Recent Findings Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and lean protein sources, with minimization/avoidance of processed foods, trans-fats, and sugar sweetened beverages, are recommended by prevention guidelines. The Mediterranean, DASH, and plant-based diets have all proven cardioprotective in varying degrees and are endorsed by professional healthcare societies, while other emerging diets such as the ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting require more long-term study. The effects of diet on the gut microbiome and on cardiovascular health have opened a new path for precision medicine to improve cardiometabolic risk factors. The effects of certain dietary metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide, on cardiometabolic risk factors, along with the changes in the gut microbiome diversity and gene pathways in relation to CVD management, are being explored. Summary In this review, we provide a comprehensive up-to-date overview on established and emerging diets in cardiovascular health. We discuss the effectiveness of various diets and most importantly the approaches to nutritional counseling where traditional and non-traditional approaches are being practiced, helping patients adopt heart healthy diets. We address the limitations to adopting a heart healthy diet regarding food insecurity, poor access, and socioeconomic burden. Lastly, we discuss the need for a multidisciplinary team-based approach, including the role of a nutrition specialist, in implementing culturally-tailored dietary recommendations. Understanding the limitations and finding ways to overcome the barriers in implementing heart-healthy diets will take us miles in the path to CVD prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Diab
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Nedda Dastmalchi
- Division of Cardiology, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martha Gulati
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, LA, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Erin D Michos, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Blalock 524-B, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA, Tel +410-502-6813, Email
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Muscogiuri G, Verde L, Sulu C, Katsiki N, Hassapidou M, Frias-Toral E, Cucalón G, Pazderska A, Yumuk VD, Colao A, Barrea L. Mediterranean Diet and Obesity-related Disorders: What is the Evidence? Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:287-304. [PMID: 36178601 PMCID: PMC9729142 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a chronic disease, a major public health problem due to its association with non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality. Indeed, people with obesity are at increased risk for a variety of obesity-related disorders including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and several cancers. Many popular diets with very different macronutrient composition, including the Mediterranean diet (MD), have been used, proposed, and studied for prevention and management of obesity. In particular, MD has been the subject of countless studies over the years and now boasts a large body of scientific literature. In this review, we aimed to update current knowledge by summarizing the most recent evidence on the effect of MD on obesity and obesity-related disorders. RECENT FINDINGS The negative effects of obesity are partly reversed by substantial weight loss that can be achieved with MD, especially when low-calorie and in combination with adequate physical activity. In addition, the composition of MD has been correlated with an excellent effect on reducing dyslipidemia. It also positively modulates the gut microbiota and immune system, significantly decreasing inflammatory mediators, a common ground for many obesity-related disorders. People with obesity are at increased risk for a variety of medical disorders including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, there is an inevitable need for measures to manage obesity and its related disorders. At this point, MD has been proposed as a valuable nutritional intervention. It is characterized by a high consumption of vegetables, fruit, nuts, cereals, whole grains, and extra virgin olive oil, as well as a moderate consumption of fish and poultry, and a limited intake of sweets, red meat, and dairy products. MD proves to be the healthiest dietary pattern available to tackle obesity and prevent several non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Endocrinology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cem Sulu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Hassapidou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil, 090615, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Cucalón
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Lifescience Faculty, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Agnieszka Pazderska
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes-Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, 34098, Turkey
| | - Volkan Demirhan Yumuk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Endocrinology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Naples, 80143, Italy.
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Amodeo S, Mirarchi L, Seidita A, Citarrella R, Licata A, Soresi M, Iovanna JL, Giannitrapani L. EVOO's Effects on Incretin Production: Is There a Rationale for a Combination in T2DM Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710120. [PMID: 36077515 PMCID: PMC9456130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health concern as it is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide due to social and economic developments that have led to unhealthy lifestyles, with a considerable impact both in terms of morbidity and mortality. The management of T2DM, before starting specific therapies, includes cornerstones such as healthy eating, regular exercise and weight loss. Strict adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been related to an inverse association with the risk of T2DM onset, as well as an improvement in glycaemic control; in particular, thanks to the consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Agonists of gut-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastrointestinal hormones able to increase insulin secretion in response to hyperglycaemia (incretins), have been recently introduced in T2DM therapy, quickly entering the international guidelines. Recent studies have linked the action of EVOO in reducing postprandial glycaemia to the increase in GLP-1 and the reduction of its inactivating protease, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). In this review, we explore observations regarding the pathophysiological basis of the existence of an enhanced effect between the action of EVOO and incretins and, consequently, try to understand whether there is a rationale for their use in combination for T2DM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Amodeo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Mirarchi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Aurelio Seidita
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Citarrella
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Licata
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Juan Lucio Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, France
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-655-4712; Fax: +39-091-655-2977
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11
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Seidita A, Soresi M, Giannitrapani L, Di Stefano V, Citarrella R, Mirarchi L, Cusimano A, Augello G, Carroccio A, Iovanna JL, Cervello M. The clinical impact of an extra virgin olive oil enriched mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome: Lights and shadows of a nutraceutical approach. Front Nutr 2022; 9:980429. [PMID: 35990331 PMCID: PMC9386289 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.980429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
For years it has been established that the only truly effective treatment of metabolic syndrome (MS) is lifestyle modification to prevent its cardiovascular (e.g., coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis), metabolic (e.g., diabetes mellitus), and hepatic (e.g., steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) complications. The focal points of this approach are to increase physical activity and intake of a diet characterized by high quantities of fruits, vegetables, grains, fish, and low-fat dairy products, the so called mediterranean diet (MD); however, the added value of MD is the presence of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a healthy food with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and variable concentrations (range 50–800 mg/kg) of phenols (oleuropein, ligstroside, and oleocanthal, and their derivatives, phenolic alcohols, such as hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol). Phenolic compounds not only determine EVOO’s main organoleptic qualities (oxidative stability, specific flavor, and taste features) but, theoretically, make it a source of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective, antiatherogenic, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activity. Although many studies have been carried out on EVOO’s clinical effects and attention toward this dietary approach (healthy and palatable food with strong nutraceutical activity) has become increasingly pressing, there are still many dark sides to be clarified, both in terms of actual clinical efficacy and biochemical and molecular activity. Thus, we reviewed the international literature, trying to show the state of the art about EVOO’s clinical properties to treat MS (along with correlated complications) and the future prospective of its nutraceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Seidita
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Citarrella
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Mirarchi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Carroccio
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Palermo, Italy.,Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Juan Lucio Iovanna
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
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12
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Luo M, Guo J, Lu W, Fang X, Zhang R, Tang M, Luo Q, Liang W, Yu X, Hu C. The mediating role of maternal metabolites between lipids and adverse pregnancy outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:925602. [PMID: 36035400 PMCID: PMC9400014 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.925602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, and the demographics of pregnant women have changed in recent decades. GDM is a metabolic disease with short- and long-term adverse effects on both pregnant women and newborns. The metabolic changes and corresponding risk factors should be of great significance in understanding the pathological mechanism of GDM and reducing the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM. The well-known GDM-associated lipids used in clinical tests, such as triglyceride (TG), are thought to play a major role in metabolic changes during GDM, which have a potential causal relationship with abnormal pregnancy outcomes of GDM. Therefore, this study analyzed the relationship between clinical lipid indicators, metabolic profiles, and abnormal pregnancy outcomes in GDM through mediation analysis. By constructing a metabolic atlas of 399 samples from GDM patients in different trimesters, we efficiently detected the key metabolites of adverse pregnancy outcomes and their mediating roles in bridging abnormal lipids and adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM. Our study confirmed that TG and total cholesterol were independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM. Several key metabolites as mediators (e.g., gamma-linolenic acid, heptadecanoic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and palmitoleic acid) have been identified as potential biomarkers for adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM. These metabolites mainly participate in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, which may shed new light on the pathology of GDM and provide insights for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to the Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqian Lu
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to the Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangnan Fang
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to the Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyang Tang
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to the Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangtian Yu
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangtian Yu
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to the Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Cheng Hu
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13
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Nutraceuticals: Pharmacologically Active Potent Dietary Supplements. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2051017. [PMID: 35832855 PMCID: PMC9273442 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A growing demand exists for nutraceuticals, which seem to reside in the grey area between pharmaceuticals and food. Nutraceuticals, up today, do not have a specific definition distinct from those of other food-derived categories, e.g., food supplements, herbal products, functional foods, and fortified foods. They have, however, a pharmacological beneficial effect on health. Many studies have been recently addressed to assess their safety, efficacy, and regulation. The object of writing this review article is that we need to pay more attention to natural and organic foods. The bases of nutraceutical components (food supplements) are known for potent and powerful clinical evidence effects on the treatment of hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
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Feng Y, Bi Y, Tang X, Zhang P, Tong J, Peng X, Tian J, Liang X. Protective Effects of Appropriate Amount of Nuts Intake on Childhood Blood Pressure Level: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:793672. [PMID: 35118090 PMCID: PMC8806033 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.793672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults. Regular consumption of nuts may improve some BP in adults whereas evidence in children is relatively lacking. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of nuts intake on BP in children. METHODS Stratified cluster sampling was performed to include a total of 15,268 primary school children aged 6-12 years in urban and rural areas in Southwest China. The daily nuts intake dosage was collected by questionnaires, and generalized linear model (GLM) and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between nuts intake and BP. RESULTS For the total subjects, 11,130 (72.9%) participants consumed <35 g/day of nuts, 1,145 (7.5%) participants consumed 35 g/day ≤ nut <50 g/day of nuts, 2,053 (13.4%) participants consumed 50~100 g/day of nuts, and 940 (6.2%) participants consumed over 100 g/day of nut. For sex subgroup, 1,074 (13.53%) boys and 979 (13.35%) girls consumed 50~100 g/day of nuts. Compared with the 50~100 g/day of nuts intake group, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly different in <35 g/day, 35g/day ≤ nut <50 g/day, and >100 g/day nuts intake groups (all p < 0.001). The logistic regression showed that compared with the 50~100 g/day group, the other three groups are more likely associated with childhood hypertension (all p < 0.001). Therefore, a U-shaped relationship between nuts intake and BP level was identified. CONCLUSIONS The finding suggests that intake of 50~100 g/day nuts is the recommended dose of nuts intake to control childhood hypertension, as well as for cardioprotection purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Feng
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Bi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Tang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Jishuang Tong
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Peng
- School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
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15
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Grahovac M, Kumric M, Vilovic M, Martinovic D, Kreso A, Ticinovic Kurir T, Vrdoljak J, Prizmic K, Božić J. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and advanced glycation endproducts in patients with diabetes. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1942-1956. [PMID: 34888018 PMCID: PMC8613665 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i11.1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, American Diabetes Association started to strongly advocate the Mediterranean diet (MD) over other diets in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) because of its beneficial effects on glycemic control and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Tissue levels of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) emerged as an indicator of CV risk in DM. Skin biopsy being invasive, the use of AGE Reader has been shown to reflect tissue AGEs reliably.
AIM To examine the association between adherence to MD and AGEs in patients with DM type II.
METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 273 patients with DM type II. A survey questionnaire was composed of 3 separate sections. The first part of the questionnaire included general data and the habits of the participants. The second part aimed to assess the basic parameters of participants’ diseases and associated conditions. The third part of the questionnaire was the Croatian version of the 14-item MD service score (MDSS). AGEs levels and associated CV risk were measured using AGE Reader (DiagnOptics Technologies BV, Groningen, The Netherlands).
RESULTS A total of 27 (9.9%) patients fulfilled criteria for adherence to MD, with a median score of 8.0 (6.0-10.0). Patients with none/limited CV risk had significantly higher percentage of MD adherence in comparison to patients with increased/definite CV risk (15.2% vs 6.9%, P = 0.028), as well as better adherence to guidelines for nuts (23.2% vs 12.6%, P = 0.023) and legumes (40.4% vs 25.9%, P = 0.013) consumption. Higher number of patients with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) < 7% adhered to MD when compared to patients with HbA1c > 7% (14.9% vs 7.3%, P = 0.045). Moreover, those patients followed the MDSS guidelines for eggs (33.0% vs 46.8%, P = 0.025) and wine (15.6% vs 29.8%, P = 0.006) consumption more frequently. MDSS score had significant positive correlation with disease duration (r = 0.179, P = 0.003) and negative correlation with body mass index (BMI) values (r = -0.159, P = 0.008). In the multiple linear regression model, BMI (β ± SE, -0.09 ± 0.04, P = 0.037) and disease duration (β ± SE, 0.07 ± 0.02, P < 0.001) remained significant independent correlates of the MDSS score. Patients with HbA1c > 7% think that educational programs on nutrition would be useful for patients in significantly more cases than patients with HbA1c < 7% (98.9% vs 92.6%, P = 0.009).
CONCLUSION Although adherence to MD was very low among people with diabetes, we demonstrated that adherence to MD is greater in patients with lower CV risk, longer disease duration, and well-controlled glycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Grahovac
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Marko Kumric
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Marino Vilovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Dinko Martinovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Ante Kreso
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Josip Vrdoljak
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Karlo Prizmic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Joško Božić
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
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16
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Voglhuber J, Ljubojevic-Holzer S, Abdellatif M, Sedej S. Targeting Cardiovascular Risk Factors Through Dietary Adaptations and Caloric Restriction Mimetics. Front Nutr 2021; 8:758058. [PMID: 34660673 PMCID: PMC8514725 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.758058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The average human life expectancy continues to rise globally and so does the prevalence and absolute burden of cardiovascular disease. Dietary restriction promotes longevity and improves various cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. However, low adherence to caloric restriction renders this stringent dietary intervention challenging to adopt as a standard practice for cardiovascular disease prevention. Hence, alternative eating patterns and strategies that recapitulate the salutary benefits of caloric restriction are under intense investigation. Here, we first provide an overview of alternative interventions, including intermittent fasting, alternate-day fasting and the Mediterranean diet, along with their cardiometabolic effects in animal models and humans. We then present emerging pharmacological alternatives, including spermidine, NAD+ precursors, resveratrol, and metformin, as promising caloric restriction mimetics, and briefly touch on the mechanisms underpinning their cardiometabolic and health-promoting effects. We conclude that implementation of feasible dietary approaches holds the promise to attenuate the burden of cardiovascular disease and facilitate healthy aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Voglhuber
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Senka Ljubojevic-Holzer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mahmoud Abdellatif
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par La Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institute Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Simon Sedej
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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17
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Garay-Sevilla ME, Rojas A, Portero-Otin M, Uribarri J. Dietary AGEs as Exogenous Boosters of Inflammation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082802. [PMID: 34444961 PMCID: PMC8401706 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most chronic modern non-transmissible diseases seem to begin as the result of low-grade inflammation extending over prolonged periods of time. The importance of diet as a source of many pro-inflammatory compounds that could create and sustain such a low-grade inflammatory state cannot be ignored, particularly since we are constantly exposed to them during the day. The focus of this review is on specific components of the diet associated with inflammation, specifically advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that form during thermal processing of food. AGEs are also generated in the body in normal physiology and are widely recognized as increased in diabetes, but many people are unaware of the potential importance of exogenous AGEs ingested in food. We review experimental models, epidemiologic data, and small clinical trials that suggest an important association between dietary intake of these compounds and development of an inflammatory and pro-oxidative state that is conducive to chronic diseases. We compare dietary intake of AGEs with other widely known dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets, as well as the Dietary Inflammation Index (DII). Finally, we delineate in detail the pathophysiological mechanisms induced by dietary AGEs, both direct (i.e., non-receptor-mediated) and indirect (receptor-mediated).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armando Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca 3480005, Chile;
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Lleida, 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Jaime Uribarri
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-241-1887
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18
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Wooten T, Brown E, Sullivan DR, Logue MW, Fortier CB, Fonda JR, DeGutis J, Salat DH, McGlinchey R, Milberg W, Esterman M. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 moderates the relationship between c-reactive protein, cognitive functioning, and white matter integrity. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:84-95. [PMID: 33631288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and possessing an APOE ε4 allele are two of the most prominent risk factors for cognitive and neurological dysfunction in older adults, but little is known about the unique or cumulative effects of these risk factors in young-to-middle-aged adults. To further characterize these potential relationships, measures of cognition and microstructural white matter integrity were examined using data from a sample of 329 post-9/11 war veterans that was collected as part of a comprehensive evaluation that included assessment of neuropsychological functioning, MRI scanning, psychiatric diagnoses, health screening, markers of inflammation, and APOE genotypes. Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed the CRP and APOE ε4 interaction was associated with global cognition (β = -0.633), executive functioning (β = -0.566), and global fractional anisotropy (β = -0.470), such that elevated CRP was associated with worse cognition and white matter integrity in APOE ε4 carriers. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to determine if CRP × APOE ε4 presence was associated with regionally specific fractional anisotropy in white matter tracts. Tract-based spatial statistics revealed CRP × APOE ε4 presence was associated with fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, right posterior corona radiata, as well as the bilateral anterior and superior corona radiatas. This suggests that APOE ε4 carriers may be uniquely vulnerable to the potentially negative impact of elevated systematic inflammation to cognition and microstructural white matter integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wooten
- Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Emma Brown
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle R Sullivan
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Logue
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine B Fortier
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Fonda
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph DeGutis
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David H Salat
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Regina McGlinchey
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Milberg
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Esterman
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Newman TM, Shively CA, Register TC, Appt SE, Yadav H, Colwell RR, Fanelli B, Dadlani M, Graubics K, Nguyen UT, Ramamoorthy S, Uberseder B, Clear KYJ, Wilson AS, Reeves KD, Chappell MC, Tooze JA, Cook KL. Diet, obesity, and the gut microbiome as determinants modulating metabolic outcomes in a non-human primate model. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:100. [PMID: 33952353 PMCID: PMC8101030 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to increase understanding of the complex interactions between diet, obesity, and the gut microbiome of adult female non-human primates (NHPs). Subjects consumed either a Western (n=15) or Mediterranean (n=14) diet designed to represent human dietary patterns for 31 months. Body composition was determined using CT, fecal samples were collected, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed. Gut microbiome results were grouped by diet and adiposity. RESULTS Diet was the main contributor to gut microbiome bacterial diversity. Adiposity within each diet was associated with subtle shifts in the proportional abundance of several taxa. Mediterranean diet-fed NHPs with lower body fat had a greater proportion of Lactobacillus animalis than their higher body fat counterparts. Higher body fat Western diet-fed NHPs had more Ruminococcus champaneliensis and less Bacteroides uniformis than their low body fat counterparts. Western diet-fed NHPs had significantly higher levels of Prevotella copri than Mediterranean diet NHPs. Western diet-fed subjects were stratified by P. copri abundance (P. copriHIGH versus P. copriLOW), which was not associated with adiposity. Overall, Western diet-fed animals in the P. copriHIGH group showed greater proportional abundance of B. ovatus, B. faecis, P. stercorea, P. brevis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii than those in the Western P. copriLOW group. Western diet P. copriLOW subjects had a greater proportion of Eubacterium siraeum. E. siraeum negatively correlated with P. copri proportional abundance regardless of dietary consumption. In the Western diet group, Shannon diversity was significantly higher in P. copriLOW when compared to P. copriHIGH subjects. Furthermore, gut E. siraeum abundance positively correlated with HDL plasma cholesterol indicating that those in the P. copriLOW population may represent a more metabolically healthy population. Untargeted metabolomics on urine and plasma from Western diet-fed P. copriHIGH and P. copriLOW subjects suggest early kidney dysfunction in Western diet-fed P. copriHIGH subjects. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the data indicate diet to be the major influencer of gut bacterial diversity. However, diet and adiposity must be considered together when analyzing changes in abundance of specific bacterial taxa. Interestingly, P. copri appears to mediate metabolic dysfunction in Western diet-fed NHPs. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Newman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Susan E Appt
- Department of Pathology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, USF Center for Microbiome Research University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Beth Uberseder
- Department of Pathology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kenysha Y J Clear
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Adam S Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kimberly D Reeves
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mark C Chappell
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Janet A Tooze
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Katherine L Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave, Suite 340, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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20
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Milenkovic T, Bozhinovska N, Macut D, Bjekic-Macut J, Rahelic D, Velija Asimi Z, Burekovic A. Mediterranean Diet and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Perpetual Inspiration for the Scientific World. A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:1307. [PMID: 33920947 PMCID: PMC8071242 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past 80 years, the effect of the Mediterranean diet on overall health has been a constant topic of interest among medical and scientific researchers. Parallel with the persistent global rise of cases of type 2 diabetes, many studies conducted in the past 20 years have shown the benefits of the Mediterranean lifestyle for people with, or at risk of developing, type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, despite the large body of evidence, concerns exist amongst scientists regarding the reliability of the data related to this topic. This review offers a glimpse of the onset of the Mediterranean diet and follows its significant impact on the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. There is a constant rise in type 2 diabetes cases on the Balkan Peninsula and North Macedonia in particular. Having in mind that North Macedonia, as well as most of the countries on the Balkans have low to middle income, there is a need for a certain affordable dietary pattern to ameliorate the rise in diabetes incidence, as well as improve the glycemic control. We did a review based on the available literature regarding Mediterranean diet and people with or at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, its effects on glycemic control, lipid profile and metabolic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Milenkovic
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinic of Endocrinology, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Medical Faculty, University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nadica Bozhinovska
- Department of Endocrinology, Private Clinical Hospital “Acibadem Sistina”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Djuro Macut
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelica Bjekic-Macut
- Department of Endocrinology, CHC Bezanijska Kosa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dario Rahelic
- “Vuk Vrhovac” University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, “Merkur” Univeristy Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zelija Velija Asimi
- Sarajevo Medical School, SSST University, 71210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Outpatient Clinic “Altamedica-Beta”, Zmaja od Bosne 7, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Azra Burekovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Sarajevo University, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Clinical Center of Sarajevo University, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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21
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Cárdenas-Fuentes G, Lassale C, Martínez-González J MÁ, Grau M, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Serra-Majem L, Warnberg J, Konieczna J, Estruch R, Pintó X, Martínez JA, Vázquez C, Vidal J, Tur JA, Díaz-López A, Lancova H, Fito M, Schröder H. Anthropometric variables as mediators of the association of changes in diet and physical activity with inflammatory profile. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:2021-2029. [PMID: 33693782 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms underlying the associations of high levels of physical activity (PA) and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) with a better inflammatory profile remain unclear. Our objective was to assess the mediating role of changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), as markers of body fat in the association of changes in PA and adherence to the MedDiet, with changes in the inflammatory profile. METHODS This study included 489 adults, aged 55 to 75 years, from the PREDIMED-Plus multi-centre lifestyle intervention trial. An inflammatory score was calculated, based on 8 blood biomarkers: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, interleukin 18, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, C-peptide, leptin, and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted chemokine (RANTES). Biomarkers, levels of PA, score of MedDiet adherence, BMI and WC were measured at baseline and at one-year follow-up. Linear regression models were fitted according to the Baron and Kenny framework for mediation analysis. RESULTS Changes in BMI and WC mediated the association of both changes in PA and changes in the MedDiet adherence with the inflammatory score. BMI mediated 26% of the association of changes in total PA with the inflammatory profile, and 27% of the association of changes in the MedDiet, while WC mediated 13% and 12% of these associations, respectively. CONCLUSION In older adults at high cardiovascular risk, increasing PA levels and adherence to a MedDiet during 1 year were associated with a lower inflammatory score, which was partly mediated by a reduction in body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cárdenas-Fuentes
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camille Lassale
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González J
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - María Grau
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Human Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain.,University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Julia Warnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jadwiga Konieczna
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Precision Nutrition Program on Cardiometabolic Health IMDEA CEI UAM+CSIC Madrid Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jimenez Díaz. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IISFJD. University Autonoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology, Institut d` Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andrés Díaz-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Human Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Hana Lancova
- Servicio Navarro de Salud (Osasunbidea), Pamplona, Spain.,CAP Angles de Institut d'Assistència Sanitària, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Girona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fito
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Nassir CMNCM, Ghazali MM, Hashim S, Idris NS, Yuen LS, Hui WJ, Norman HH, Gau CH, Jayabalan N, Na Y, Feng L, Ong LK, Abdul Hamid H, Ahamed HN, Mustapha M. Diets and Cellular-Derived Microparticles: Weighing a Plausible Link With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:632131. [PMID: 33718454 PMCID: PMC7943466 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.632131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a spectrum of pathological processes of various etiologies affecting the brain microcirculation that can trigger neuroinflammation and the subsequent neurodegenerative cascade. Prevalent with aging, CSVD is a recognized risk factor for stroke, vascular dementia, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease. Despite being the most common neurodegenerative condition with cerebrocardiovascular axis, understanding about it remains poor. Interestingly, modifiable risk factors such as unhealthy diet including high intake of processed food, high-fat foods, and animal by-products are known to influence the non-neural peripheral events, such as in the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular stress through cellular inflammation and oxidation. One key outcome from such events, among others, includes the cellular activations that lead to elevated levels of endogenous cellular-derived circulating microparticles (MPs). MPs can be produced from various cellular origins including leukocytes, platelets, endothelial cells, microbiota, and microglia. MPs could act as microthrombogenic procoagulant that served as a plausible culprit for the vulnerable end-artery microcirculation in the brain as the end-organ leading to CSVD manifestations. However, little attention has been paid on the potential role of MPs in the onset and progression of CSVD spectrum. Corroboratively, the formation of MPs is known to be influenced by diet-induced cellular stress. Thus, this review aims to appraise the body of evidence on the dietary-related impacts on circulating MPs from non-neural peripheral origins that could serve as a plausible microthrombosis in CSVD manifestation as a precursor of neurodegeneration. Here, we elaborate on the pathomechanical features of MPs in health and disease states; relevance of dietary patterns on MP release; preclinical studies pertaining to diet-based MPs contribution to disease; MP level as putative surrogates for early disease biomarkers; and lastly, the potential of MPs manipulation with diet-based approach as a novel preventive measure for CSVD in an aging society worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mazira Mohamad Ghazali
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Sabarisah Hashim
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Nur Suhaila Idris
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Lee Si Yuen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Wong Jia Hui
- Neurobiology of Aging and Disease Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haziq Hazman Norman
- Anatomy Unit, International Medical School (IMS), Management and Science University (MSU), Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Chuang Huei Gau
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Nanthini Jayabalan
- Translational Neuroscience Lab, University of Queensland (UQ), Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Yuri Na
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Linqing Feng
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Hafizah Abdul Hamid
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Haja Nazeer Ahamed
- Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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23
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Abstract
The beneficial effects of a Mediterranean diet on human health and, in particular, on lowering risk of cardiovascular disease, has been mainly attributed to its high content to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). While its main fatty acid, oleic acid, is considered important to these effects, EVOO has other biological properties that depend on, or are potentiated by other minor components of this oil. Initially, the mechanisms considered as possible causes of this cardioprotective effect of EVOO were based on the incidence on the so-called traditional risk factors (especially lipids and blood pressure). However, the high relative reduction in the prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were not proportional to the limited findings about regulation of those traditional risk factors. In addition to several studies confirming the above effects, current research on beneficial effect of EVOO, and in particular in conjunction with Mediterranean style diets, is being focused on defining its effects on newer cardiovascular risk factors, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, platelet aggregation, fibrinolysis, endothelial function or lipids or on the modulation of the conditions which predispose people to cardiovascular events, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the current review, we will mainly focus on reviewing the current evidence about the effects that EVOO exerts on alternative factors, including postprandial lipemia or coagulation, among others, discussing the underlying mechanism by which it exerts its effect, as well as providing a short review on future directions.
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24
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Arouca AB, Meirhaeghe A, Dallongeville J, Moreno LA, Lourenço GJ, Marcos A, Huybrechts I, Manios Y, Lambrinou CP, Gottrand F, Kafatos A, Kersting M, Sjöström M, Widhalm K, Ferrari M, Molnár D, González-Gross M, Forsner M, De Henauw S, Michels N. Interplay between the Mediterranean diet and C-reactive protein genetic polymorphisms towards inflammation in adolescents. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:1919-1926. [PMID: 31500937 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM From a nutrigenetics perspective, we aim to investigate the moderating role of the Mediterranean diet and each of its subgroups in the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) gene polymorphisms and CRP blood concentration in adolescents. METHODS In 562 adolescents (13-17 y) of the European HELENA study, data was available on circulating CRP levels as inflammatory biomarker, three CRP gene SNPs (rs3093068, rs1204, rs1130864), food intake determined by a self-administered computerized 24 h-dietary recall for 2 days, and body composition. A 9-point Mediterranean diet score and each food subgroup were tested as moderator via SNP*diet interaction. Analyzes were adjusted for age, sex, puberty, adiposity and socioeconomic status. RESULTS The minor allele frequencies of rs3093068 and rs1130864 SNPs (GG and TT, respectively) were associated with higher CRP concentrations, while rs1205 (CT/TT) was associated with lower CRP concentrations. There were significant interactions between rs3093068 and Mediterranean diet (B = -0.1139, p = 0.011), or the fish food subgroup (B = -0.0090, p = 0.022), so that those with the highest genetic CRP risk underwent the highest CRP attenuation by a healthier diet. Although the effect of diet and SNP was substantial, the explained variance by interaction was only 1%. CONCLUSION Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and particularly its fish component was associated with a lower CRP blood concentrations especially in those at highest genetic risk due to the rs3093068 SNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline B Arouca
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Aline Meirhaeghe
- UMR1167, RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Centre Hosp. Univ Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France.
| | - Jean Dallongeville
- UMR1167, RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Centre Hosp. Univ Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France.
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD: "Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development" Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Jacob Lourenço
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christina-Paulina Lambrinou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | - Mathilde Kersting
- Research Department of Child Nutrition, Pediatric University Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
| | - Michael Sjöström
- Department of Biosciences, Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marika Ferrari
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Italy.
| | - Denes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium.
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25
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Abstract
Previous studies reported an inverse association between healthy dietary patterns (such as Mediterranean diet) and the incidence of cardiovascular events. As the mechanism accounting for cardiovascular disease is prevalently due to the atherothrombosis, where a pivotal role is played by platelet activation, it would be arguable that diets with protective effects against cardiovascular disease exert an anti-atherothrombotic effect via inhibition of platelet activation. There are several and sparse typologies of studies, which investigated if single nutrients by diets recognized as having cardiovascular protection may exert an antithrombotic effect. The most investigated nutrients are key components of the Mediterranean diets such as fruits and vegetables, fish, olive oil, and wine; other diets with protective effects include nuts and cocoa. Here we summarize experimental and human interventional studies which investigated the antithrombotic effects of such nutrients in experimental models of thrombosis or analyzed biomarkers of clotting, platelet, and fibrinolysis activation in human; furthermore in vitro studies explored the underlying mechanism at level of several cell lines such as platelets or endothelial cells. In this context, we analyzed if nutrients affect simultaneously or separately clotting, platelet, and fibrinolysis pathways giving special attention to the relationship between oxidative stress and thrombosis as most nutrients are believed to possess antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Violi
- From the Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (F.V., D.P., P.P.).,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy (F.V., P.P., R.C.)
| | - Daniele Pastori
- From the Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (F.V., D.P., P.P.)
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- From the Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (F.V., D.P., P.P.).,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy (F.V., P.P., R.C.)
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy (F.V., P.P., R.C.).,Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (R.C.)
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26
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Corrêa TAF, Quintanilha BJ, Norde MM, Pinhel MADS, Nonino CB, Rogero MM. Nutritional genomics, inflammation and obesity. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2020; 64:205-222. [PMID: 32555987 PMCID: PMC10522224 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Human Genome Project has significantly broadened our understanding of the molecular aspects regulating the homeostasis and the pathophysiology of different clinical conditions. Consequently, the field of nutrition has been strongly influenced by such improvements in knowledge - especially for determining how nutrients act at the molecular level in different conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In this manner, characterizing how the genome influences the diet and vice-versa provides insights about the molecular mechanisms involved in chronic inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, the present review aims to discuss the potential application of Nutritional Genomics to modulate obesity-related inflammatory responses. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(3):205-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Angelina Faraldo Corrêa
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição ExperimentalFaculdade de Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
- Centro de Pesquisa em AlimentosCentros de Pesquisa, Inovação e DifusãoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentos (FoRC), Centros de Pesquisa, Inovação e Difusão (Cepid), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
| | - Bruna Jardim Quintanilha
- Centro de Pesquisa em AlimentosCentros de Pesquisa, Inovação e DifusãoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentos (FoRC), Centros de Pesquisa, Inovação e Difusão (Cepid), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
- Departamento de NutriçãoFaculdade de Saúde PúblicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Laboratório de Genômica Nutricional e Inflamação, Departamento de Nutrição , Faculdade de Saúde Pública , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
| | - Marina Maintinguer Norde
- Departamento de NutriçãoFaculdade de Saúde PúblicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Laboratório de Genômica Nutricional e Inflamação, Departamento de Nutrição , Faculdade de Saúde Pública , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
| | - Marcela Augusta de Souza Pinhel
- Departamento de Medicina InternaFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasil Departamento de Medicina Interna , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências da SaúdeFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasil Departamento de Ciências da Saúde , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brasil
| | - Carla Barbosa Nonino
- Departamento de Medicina InternaFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasil Departamento de Medicina Interna , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências da SaúdeFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasil Departamento de Ciências da Saúde , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brasil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Centro de Pesquisa em AlimentosCentros de Pesquisa, Inovação e DifusãoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentos (FoRC), Centros de Pesquisa, Inovação e Difusão (Cepid), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
- Departamento de NutriçãoFaculdade de Saúde PúblicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Laboratório de Genômica Nutricional e Inflamação, Departamento de Nutrição , Faculdade de Saúde Pública , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
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27
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Abstract
Currently, the prevention and treatment of CVD have been a global focus since CVD is the number one cause of mortality and morbidity. In the pathogenesis of CVD, it was generally thought that impaired cholesterol homeostasis might be a risk factor. Cholesterol homeostasis is affected by exogenous factors (i.e. diet) and endogenous factors (i.e. certain receptors, enzymes and transcription factors). In this context, the number of studies investigating the potential mechanisms of dietary fatty acids on cholesterol homeostasis have increased in recent years. As well, the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) receptor is a multifunctional membrane receptor involved in fatty acid uptake, lipid metabolism, atherothrombosis and inflammation. CD36 is proposed to be a crucial molecule for cholesterol homeostasis in various mechanisms including absorption/reabsorption, synthesis, and transport of cholesterol and bile acids. Moreover, it has been reported that the amount of fatty acids and fatty acid pattern of the diet influence the CD36 level and CD36-mediated cholesterol metabolism principally in the liver, intestine and macrophages. In these processes, CD36-mediated cholesterol and lipoprotein homeostasis might be impaired by dietary SFA and trans-fatty acids, whereas ameliorated by MUFA in the diet. The effects of PUFA on CD36-mediated cholesterol homeostasis are controversial depending on the amount of n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA, and the n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio. Thus, since the CD36 receptor is suggested to be a novel nutrient-sensitive biomarker, the role of CD36 and dietary fatty acids in cholesterol metabolism might be considered in medical nutrition therapy in the near future. Therefore, the novel nutritional target of CD36 and interventions that focus on dietary fatty acids and potential mechanisms underlying cholesterol homeostasis are discussed in this review.
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Extra-Virgin Olive Oil from Apulian Cultivars and Intestinal Inflammation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041084. [PMID: 32295122 PMCID: PMC7230776 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial intestinal disorder characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. The etiology of IBD is still unclear, although genetic, environmental and host factors have been associated to the disease. Extra-virgin olive oil (EVO) is a central component of the Mediterranean diet and it decreases chronic inflammation by interfering with arachidonic acid and NF-κB signaling pathways. Specifically, the different components of EVO are able to confer advantages in terms of health in their site of action. For instance, oleic acid displays a protective effect in liver dysfunction and gut inflammation, whereas phenolic compounds protect colon cells against oxidative damage and improve the symptoms of chronic inflammation in IBD. Given the biological properties of EVO, we investigated whether its administration is able to confer protection in a mouse model of dextrane sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Four EVO cultivars from the Apulian Region of Italy, namely Ogliarola (Cima di Bitonto), Coratina, Peranzana and Cima di Mola, respectively, were used. Administration of EVO resulted in reduced body weight loss in our colitis model. Furthermore, mice treated with Ogliarola, Coratina and Cima di Mola EVO displayed a reduction of rectal bleeding and IL-1β, TGFβ, IL-6 gene expression levels. Furthermore, Ogliarola, Coratina and Peranzana EVO administration ameliorated intestinal permeability and histopathological features of inflammation. Our data further validate the well-known positive effects of EVO supplementation in promoting human health and suggest the bona fide contribution of EVO in preventing onset and reducing progression of intestinal inflammation.
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Magnoni M, Scarano P, Vergani V, Berteotti M, Gallone G, Cristell N, Maseri A, Cianflone D. Impact of adherence to a Mediterranean Diet pattern on patients with first acute myocardial infarction. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:574-580. [PMID: 32007333 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Mediterranean diet (MD) affects the risk of myocardial infarction and long-term prognosis after a coronary event. Limited data are available regarding the influence of MD on short-term prognosis. We assessed the impact of the MD adherence on in-hospital and short-term outcome in patients with first ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). METHODS AND RESULTS As many as 533 European patients with STEMI and no previous history of coronary artery disease were included in this analysis. Previous dietary habits of each patient were collected with a food frequency questionnaire from which we calculated the FAMI Mediterranean Diet Score (FAMI MD Score), according to the MD adherence. A blood sample was drawn to each patient within 6 h of symptoms onset. Levels of high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured. Clinical outcome at 180 days and myocardial reperfusion were assessed. Patients with higher FAMI MD Score had lower levels of hsCRP; there were no differences between IL-6 level among FAMI MD Score quintiles. There were no associations between adherence to MD and 180-day adverse events. Lower FAMI MD Score was associated with a higher risk of ineffective myocardial reperfusion after thrombolysis or percutaneous coronary intervention. Similar results were observed for daily consumption of ≥4 portions of fruit and vegetable. CONCLUSIONS A positive effect of the Mediterranean diet, and fruit and vegetable intake was observed on hsCRP and the occurrence of effective myocardial reperfusion. These findings confirm the favorable impact of Mediterranean diet adherence not only in primary but also in secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Magnoni
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Scarano
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Vergani
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Berteotti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Gallone
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicole Cristell
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Cianflone
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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30
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Rus A, Molina F, Martínez-Ramírez MJ, Aguilar-Ferrándiz ME, Carmona R, del Moral ML. Effects of Olive Oil Consumption on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Fibromyalgia. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040918. [PMID: 32230754 PMCID: PMC7231107 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that patients with fibromyalgia (FM) may be at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Olive oil reportedly has cardioprotective effects. We examined the influence of olive oil consumption on cardiovascular risk factors in FM. This preliminary study was performed on blood samples of women with FM who consumed 50 mL of organic olive oil daily for 3 weeks. Patients were randomized into two groups: 15 women ingested extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and 15 refined olive oil (ROO). Cardiovascular risk markers were measured at baseline (pre measure) and after consumption of olive oil (post measure). Red blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; both p < 0.05) declined significantly post-treatment in the EVOO group. Consumption of ROO increased mean platelet volume and reduced platelet distribution width (PDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, ESR and fibrinogen (all p < 0.05). Significant differences were found in pre–post change between the EVOO and ROO groups for cortisol and PDW (both p < 0.05). Our results have shown that consumption of olive oil may have antithrombotic and antiinflammatory properties in patients with FM, thereby improving a number of cardiovascular risk markers. Both EVOO and ROO may be useful as adjuvants for the prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular disorders in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rus
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.R.); (R.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Francisco Molina
- Department of Health Science, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-953-213654
| | | | - María Encarnación Aguilar-Ferrándiz
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ramón Carmona
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.R.); (R.C.)
| | - María Luisa del Moral
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
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31
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Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), abundant in minimally processed plant-based foods, rich in monounsaturated fat from olive oil, but lower in saturated fat, meats, and dairy products, seems an ideal nutritional model for cardiovascular health. Methodological aspects of Mediterranean intervention trials, limitations in the quality of some meta-analyses, and other issues may have raised recent controversies. It remains unclear whether such limitations are important enough as to attenuate the postulated cardiovascular benefits of the MedDiet. We aimed to critically review current evidence on the role of the MedDiet in cardiovascular health. We systematically searched observational prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials which explicitly reported to assess the effect of the MedDiet on hard cardiovascular end points. We critically assessed all the original cohorts and randomized controlled trials included in the 5 most comprehensive meta-analyses published between 2014 and 2018 and additional prospective studies not included in these meta-analyses, totaling 45 reports of prospective studies (including 4 randomized controlled trials and 32 independent observational cohorts). We addressed the existing controversies on methodology and other issues. Some departures from individual randomization in a subsample of the landmark Spanish trial (PREDIMED [Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea]) did not represent any clinically meaningful attenuation in the strength of its findings and the results of PREDIMED were robust in a wide range of sensitivity analyses. The criteria for causality were met and potential sources of controversies did not represent any reason to compromise the main findings of the available observational studies and randomized controlled trials. The available evidence is large, strong, and consistent. Better conformity with the traditional MedDiet is associated with better cardiovascular health outcomes, including clinically meaningful reductions in rates of coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and total cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Martínez-González
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.).,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.).,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Alfredo Gea
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.).,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.)
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.).,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.)
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Carro A, Panisello JM. Deciphering the Riddles in Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease. Eur Cardiol 2019; 14:141-150. [PMID: 31933681 PMCID: PMC6950215 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2019.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading global cause of death in Western countries, and its development is largely associated with unhealthy dietary patterns. A large body of scientific evidence has reported that nutrition might be the most preventive factor of cardiovascular disease death and could even reverse heart disease. Processes of chronic inflammation and oxidative distress share triggers that are modifiable by nutrition. This review aimed to identify potential targets (food patterns, single foods or individual nutrients) for cardiovascular disease prevention, and analyse the mechanisms implicated in their cardioprotective effects.
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33
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Scoditti E, Carpi S, Massaro M, Pellegrino M, Polini B, Carluccio MA, Wabitsch M, Verri T, Nieri P, De Caterina R. Hydroxytyrosol Modulates Adipocyte Gene and miRNA Expression Under Inflammatory Condition. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102493. [PMID: 31627295 PMCID: PMC6836288 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the adipose tissue (AT) is a major contributor to obesity-associated cardiometabolic complications. The olive oil polyphenol hydroxytyrosol (HT) contributes to Mediterranean diet cardiometabolic benefits through mechanisms still partially unknown. We investigated HT (1 and 10 μmol/L) effects on gene expression (mRNA and microRNA) related to inflammation induced by 10 ng/mL tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in human Simpson–Golabi–Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes. At real-time PCR, HT significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced mRNA levels, of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, C-X-C Motif Ligand-10, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, vascular endothelial growth factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, cyclooxygenase-2, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, matrix metalloproteinase-2, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase-1, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and reverted the TNF-α-mediated inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α, and glucose transporter-4. We found similar effects in adipocytes stimulated by macrophage-conditioned media. Accordingly, HT significantly counteracted miR-155-5p, miR-34a-5p, and let-7c-5p expression in both cells and exosomes, and prevented NF-κB activation and production of reactive oxygen species. HT can therefore modulate adipocyte gene expression profile through mechanisms involving a reduction of oxidative stress and NF-κB inhibition. By such mechanisms, HT may blunt macrophage recruitment and improve AT inflammation, preventing the deregulation of pathways involved in obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Sara Carpi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Pellegrino
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Paola Nieri
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Piccinin E, Cariello M, De Santis S, Ducheix S, Sabbà C, Ntambi JM, Moschetta A. Role of Oleic Acid in the Gut-Liver Axis: From Diet to the Regulation of Its Synthesis via Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102283. [PMID: 31554181 PMCID: PMC6835877 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of an olive oil rich diet has been associated with the diminished incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Several studies have attributed these beneficial effects to oleic acid (C18 n-9), the predominant fatty acid principal component of olive oil. Oleic acid is not an essential fatty acid since it can be endogenously synthesized in humans. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the enzyme responsible for oleic acid production and, more generally, for the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The saturated to monounsaturated fatty acid ratio affects the regulation of cell growth and differentiation, and alteration in this ratio has been implicated in a variety of diseases, such as liver dysfunction and intestinal inflammation. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the impact of gene-nutrient interactions in liver and gut diseases, by taking advantage of the role of SCD1 and its product oleic acid in the modulation of different hepatic and intestinal metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Piccinin
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marica Cariello
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Stefania De Santis
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Simon Ducheix
- Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, University of Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - James M Ntambi
- Departments of Biochemistry and of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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35
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Mediterranean diet adherence and congestive heart failure: Relationship with clinical severity and ischemic pathogenesis. Nutrition 2019; 70:110584. [PMID: 31759318 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To our knowledge, no study has addressed the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet style and severity of heart failure. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet assessed using the calculation of Mediterranean diet score and congestive heart failure (CHF), its severity, and pathogenesis. METHODS We analyzed charts and collected data of all consecutive patients with a diagnosis of CHF at admission to our Internal Medicine Ward from 2008 to 2014. RESULTS We analyzed 209 patients with CHF and 200 controls. Patients with CHF showed a significantly lower mean MeDi score than controls. At receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we found a good sensitivity and specificity of mean MeDi score to predict CHF. We also observed a significant positive correlation between MeDi score and ischemic pathogenesis of CHF, a positive relationship between New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and ischemic heart disease, and a significant negative relationship between NYHA class and MeDi score. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet suggest a possible answer to the question of the biochemical bases of our data, which should be seen as the direct consequence of the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-remodeling effects linked to the diet.
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36
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Badimon L, Chagas P, Chiva-Blanch G. Diet and Cardiovascular Disease: Effects of Foods and Nutrients in Classical and Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3639-3651. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170428103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Diet comprises a mixture of food compounds that has an influence on human health. The relationship between diet and health is extremely complex and strategies to delay or prevent chronic diseases such as CVD are of utmost interest because chronic diseases and more concretely CVD are still the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In this mini-review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge about the principal diet components that potentially influence CVD initiation and progression. Current research refers to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, rich in fruits and vegetables, as the most cardioprotective, because of its high concentration of bioactive compounds such as unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, fiber, phytosterols, vitamins and minerals, which exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects contributing to the delay of CVD initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Chagas
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Tebani A, Bekri S. Paving the Way to Precision Nutrition Through Metabolomics. Front Nutr 2019; 6:41. [PMID: 31024923 PMCID: PMC6465639 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is an interdisciplinary science that studies the interactions of nutrients with the body in relation to maintenance of health and well-being. Nutrition is highly complex due to the underlying various internal and external factors that could model it. Thus, hacking this complexity requires more holistic and network-based strategies that could unveil these dynamic system interactions at both time and space scales. The ongoing omics era with its high-throughput molecular data generation is paving the way to embrace this complexity and is deeply reshaping the whole field of nutrition. Understanding the future paths of nutrition science is of importance from both translational and clinical perspectives. Basic nutrients which might include metabolites are important in nutrition science. Moreover, metabolites are key biological communication channels and represent an appealing functional readout at the interface of different major influential factors that define health and disease. Metabolomics is the technology that enables holistic and systematic analyses of metabolites in a biological system. Hence, given its intrinsic functionality, its tight connection to metabolism and its high clinical actionability potential, metabolomics is a very appealing technology for nutrition science. The ultimate goal is to deliver a tailored and clinically relevant nutritional recommendations and interventions to achieve precision nutrition. This work intends to present an update on the applications of metabolomics to personalize nutrition in translational and clinical settings. It also discusses the current conceptual shifts that are remodeling clinical nutrition practices in this Precision Medicine era. Finally, perspectives of clinical nutrition in the ever-growing, data-driven healthcare landscape are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Tebani
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Soumeya Bekri
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, Rouen, France
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Lăcătușu CM, Grigorescu ED, Floria M, Onofriescu A, Mihai BM. The Mediterranean Diet: From an Environment-Driven Food Culture to an Emerging Medical Prescription. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E942. [PMID: 30875998 PMCID: PMC6466433 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16060942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet originates in the food cultures of ancient civilizations which developed around the Mediterranean Basin and is based on the regular consumption of olive oil (as the main source of added fat), plant foods (cereals, fruits, vegetables, legumes, tree nuts, and seeds), the moderate consumption of fish, seafood, and dairy, and low-to-moderate alcohol (mostly red wine) intake, balanced by a comparatively limited use of red meat and other meat products. A few decades ago, the Mediterranean diet drew the attention of medical professionals by proving extended health benefits. The first reports ascertained cardiovascular protection, as multiple large-scale clinical studies, starting with Ancel Keys' Seven Countries Study, showed a marked reduction of atherosclerotic clinical events in populations with a Mediterranean dietary pattern. Ensuing trials confirmed favorable influences on the risk for metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. While its health benefits are universally recognized today by medical professionals, the present state of the Mediterranean diet is challenged by major difficulties in implementing this protective dietary pattern in other geographical and cultural areas and keeping it alive in traditional Mediterranean territories, also tainted by the unhealthy eating habits brought by worldwide acculturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina-Mihaela Lăcătușu
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania.
- "Sf. Spiridon" Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania.
| | - Elena-Daniela Grigorescu
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania.
| | - Mariana Floria
- "Sf. Spiridon" Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania.
- Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania.
| | - Alina Onofriescu
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania.
- "Sf. Spiridon" Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania.
| | - Bogdan-Mircea Mihai
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania.
- "Sf. Spiridon" Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania.
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Tsartsou E, Proutsos N, Castanas E, Kampa M. Network Meta-Analysis of Metabolic Effects of Olive-Oil in Humans Shows the Importance of Olive Oil Consumption With Moderate Polyphenol Levels as Part of the Mediterranean Diet. Front Nutr 2019; 6:6. [PMID: 30809527 PMCID: PMC6379345 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial role of olive oil consumption is nowadays widely recognized. However, it is not clear whether its health effects are due to the presence of monounsaturated lipids and/or to the antioxidant fraction of microconstituents present in olive oil. The aim of the present study was to analyze the exact role of olive oil in the modification of metabolic factors (glucose and circulating lipids) and explore the role of its antioxidant polyphenols. In the present work, we have performed a network meta-analysis of 30 human intervention studies, considering direct and indirect interactions and impact of each constituent. Interestingly, we show that the impact of olive oil on glucose, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol is mediated through an adherence to the Mediterranean diet, with the only notable effect of olive oil polyphenols being the increase of HDL-cholesterol, and the amelioration of the antioxidant and inflammatory status of the subjects. Additionally, we report for the first time that lower antioxidant polyphenol levels may be sufficient for the beneficial effects of olive oil, while we show that the lipid fraction of olive oil may be responsible for some of its beneficial actions. In all parameters examined the beneficial effect of olive oil was more pronounced in subjects with an established metabolic syndrome or other chronic conditions/diseases. In conclusion, all these findings provide new knowledge that could lead to re-establishment of the role of olive oil in human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tsartsou
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Marilena Kampa
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Tuñón J, Badimón L, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Cariou B, Daemen MJ, Egido J, Evans PC, Hoefer IE, Ketelhuth DFJ, Lutgens E, Matter CM, Monaco C, Steffens S, Stroes E, Vindis C, Weber C, Bäck M. Identifying the anti-inflammatory response to lipid lowering therapy: a position paper from the working group on atherosclerosis and vascular biology of the European Society of Cardiology. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:10-19. [PMID: 30534957 PMCID: PMC6302260 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism induces an inflammatory and immune response leading to atherosclerosis. Conversely, inflammation may alter lipid metabolism. Recent treatment strategies in secondary prevention of atherosclerosis support beneficial effects of both anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering therapies beyond current targets. There is a controversy about the possibility that anti-inflammatory effects of lipid-lowering therapy may be either independent or not of a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In this Position Paper, we critically interpret and integrate the results obtained in both experimental and clinical studies on anti-inflammatory actions of lipid-lowering therapy and the mechanisms involved. We highlight that: (i) besides decreasing cholesterol through different mechanisms, most lipid-lowering therapies share anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and the anti-inflammatory response to lipid-lowering may be relevant to predict the effect of treatment, (ii) using surrogates for both lipid metabolism and inflammation as biomarkers or vascular inflammation imaging in future studies may contribute to a better understanding of the relative importance of different mechanisms of action, and (iii) comparative studies of further lipid lowering, anti-inflammation and a combination of both are crucial to identify effects that are specific or shared for each treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Tuñón
- Department of Cardiology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University and CiberCV, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimón
- Cardiovascular Sciences Institute (ICCC) and CiberCV, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bertrand Cariou
- L’Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mat J Daemen
- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesus Egido
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University and CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Imo E Hoefer
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Esther Lutgens
- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian M Matter
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Cécile Vindis
- INSERM UMR-1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Weber
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123988. [PMID: 30544955 PMCID: PMC6320919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western countries, representing almost 30% of all deaths worldwide. Evidence shows the effectiveness of healthy dietary patterns and lifestyles for the prevention of CVD. Furthermore, the rising incidence of CVD over the last 25 years has become a public health priority, especially the prevention of CVD (or cardiovascular events) through lifestyle interventions. Current scientific evidence shows that Western dietary patterns compared to healthier dietary patterns, such as the ‘Mediterranean diet’ (MeDiet), leads to an excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines associated with a reduced synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In fact, dietary intervention allows better combination of multiple foods and nutrients. Therefore, a healthy dietary pattern shows a greater magnitude of beneficial effects than the potential effects of a single nutrient supplementation. This review aims to identify potential targets (food patterns, single foods, or individual nutrients) for preventing CVD and quantifies the magnitude of the beneficial effects observed. On the other hand, we analyze the possible mechanisms implicated in this cardioprotective effect.
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Pfrimer K, Ferriolli E, Takeuchi PL, Salles MSV, Saran-Netto A, Zanetti MA, Roma-Junior LC, Braga CBM, Domenici FA, Valim YML, Paschoalato ABP, Marchi LF, Azzolini AECS, Donadi EA, Martinez E, Vannucchi H. Effects of the Consumption of Milk Biofortified with Selenium, Vitamin E, and Different Fatty Acid Profile on Immune Response in the Elderly. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Pfrimer
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Paula Lumy Takeuchi
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Márcia SV Salles
- São Paulo State Agency for Agribusiness Technology; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Arlindo Saran-Netto
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - Marcus A Zanetti
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - Luiz C Roma-Junior
- São Paulo State Agency for Agribusiness Technology; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda A Domenici
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Yara ML Valim
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmacological Sciences School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Adriana BP Paschoalato
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmacological Sciences School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Larissa F Marchi
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmacological Sciences School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Ana ECS Azzolini
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmacological Sciences School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Donadi
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Edson Martinez
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Helio Vannucchi
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
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Lombardo L, Grasso F, Lanciano F, Loria S, Monetti E. Broad-Spectrum Health Protection of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64057-4.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with the presence and extension of atherosclerotic plaques in middle-aged asymptomatic adults: The Aragon Workers' Health Study. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:1372-1382.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Toledo E, Wang DD, Ruiz-Canela M, Clish CB, Razquin C, Zheng Y, Guasch-Ferré M, Hruby A, Corella D, Gómez-Gracia E, Fiol M, Estruch R, Ros E, Lapetra J, Fito M, Aros F, Serra-Majem L, Liang L, Salas-Salvadó J, Hu FB, Martínez-González MA. Plasma lipidomic profiles and cardiovascular events in a randomized intervention trial with the Mediterranean diet. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:973-983. [PMID: 28814398 PMCID: PMC5611779 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.151159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lipid metabolites may partially explain the inverse association between the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).Objective: We evaluated the associations between 1) lipid species and the risk of CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death); 2) a MedDiet intervention [supplemented with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or nuts] and 1-y changes in these molecules; and 3) 1-y changes in lipid species and subsequent CVD.Design: With the use of a case-cohort design, we profiled 202 lipid species at baseline and after 1 y of intervention in the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) trial in 983 participants [230 cases and a random subcohort of 790 participants (37 overlapping cases)].Results: Baseline concentrations of cholesterol esters (CEs) were inversely associated with CVD. A shorter chain length and higher saturation of some lipids were directly associated with CVD. After adjusting for multiple testing, direct associations remained significant for 20 lipids, and inverse associations remained significant for 6 lipids. When lipid species were weighted by the number of carbon atoms and double bonds, the strongest inverse association was found for CEs [HR: 0.39 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.68)] between extreme quintiles (P-trend = 0.002). Participants in the MedDiet + EVOO and MedDiet + nut groups experienced significant (P < 0.05) 1-y changes in 20 and 17 lipids, respectively, compared with the control group. Of these changes, only those in CE(20:3) in the MedDiet + nuts group remained significant after correcting for multiple testing. None of the 1-y changes was significantly associated with CVD risk after correcting for multiple comparisons.Conclusions: Although the MedDiet interventions induced some significant 1-y changes in the lipidome, they were not significantly associated with subsequent CVD risk. Lipid metabolites with a longer acyl chain and higher number of double bonds at baseline were significantly and inversely associated with the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Razquin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Adela Hruby
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA
| | - Dolores Corella
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Fiol
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | - Emilio Ros
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fito
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Aros
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Luis Serra-Majem
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Liming Liang
- Epidemiology, and
- Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain; and
| | - Frank B Hu
- Departments of Nutrition
- Epidemiology, and
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division for Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain;
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Departments of Nutrition
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A common polymorphism decreases LRP1 mRNA stability and is associated with increased plasma factor VIII levels. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1690-1698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Filippatos TD, Panagiotakos DB, Georgousopoulou EN, Pitaraki E, Kouli GM, Chrysohoou C, Tousoulis D, Stefanadis C, Pitsavos C. Mediterranean Diet and 10-year (2002-2012) Incidence of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Participants with Prediabetes: The ATTICA study. Rev Diabet Stud 2017; 13:226-235. [PMID: 28278309 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2016.13.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediabetes has been related to an increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). AIM The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the Mediterranean diet on diabetes and CVD risk in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG, i.e. fasting plasma glucose 100-125 mg/dl). METHODS During 2001-2002, 3042 men and women (>18y) were enrolled for the study. The participants showed no clinical evidence of CVD or any other chronic disease, and were living in the greater Athens (Greece) area. In 2011 and 2012, the 10-year follow-up examinations were performed, including a working sample of n = 1875 participants without diabetes at baseline. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet at baseline evaluation was assessed using the MedDietScore (range 0-55). RESULTS The prediabetic subjects (n = 343) had a significantly higher incidence of diabetes (25% vs. 10%, p < 0.001) and CVD (17.8% vs. 12.3%, p = 0.007) compared with subjects with normal glucose values. A significant trend towards lower diabetes and CVD incidence was observed with medium and high adherence to the Mediterranean diet compared with low adherence (p < 0.001). High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (>35/55 score) was associated with lower 10-year incidence of diabetes and CVD. In multiple logistic regression models, participants with high levels of adherence to the Mediterranean diet were significantly less affected by diabetes and CVD than those with low adherence levels. CONCLUSION High adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a low risk of developing diabetes and CVD in prediabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodosios D Filippatos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Pitaraki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia-Maria Kouli
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece
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Badimon L, Vilahur G, Padro T. Systems biology approaches to understand the effects of nutrition and promote health. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:38-45. [PMID: 27062443 PMCID: PMC5338131 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last years the implementation of systems biology in nutritional research has emerged as a powerful tool to understand the mechanisms by which dietary components promote health and prevent disease as well as to identify the biologically active molecules involved in such effects. Systems biology, by combining several '-omics' disciplines (mainly genomics/transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics), creates large data sets that upon computational integration provide in silico predictive networks that allow a more extensive analysis of the individual response to a nutritional intervention and provide a more global comprehensive understanding of how diet may influence health and disease. Numerous studies have demonstrated that diet and particularly bioactive food components play a pivotal role in helping to counteract environmental-related oxidative damage. Oxidative stress is considered to be strongly implicated in ageing and the pathophysiology of numerous diseases including neurodegenerative disease, cancers, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. In the following review we will provide insights into the role of systems biology in nutritional research and focus on transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomics studies that have demonstrated the ability of functional foods and their bioactive components to fight against oxidative damage and contribute to health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC‐ICCCHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
- Cardiovascular Research ChairUABBarcelonaSpain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC‐ICCCHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
| | - Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC‐ICCCHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
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Carrión S, Torres L, Castañer O. Cardiovascular risk protection from the Mediterranean diet and olive oil. A transcriptomic update in humans. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2016. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0451161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the human studies that explore the benefits of the Mediterranean diet and olive oil, based on gene expression analysis. We summarized consistent human transcriptomic studies on cardiovascular risk, based on TMD and olive oil interventions, with real life doses and conditions. A literature review was carried out leading up to February 2016. The results show that the TMD, specially supplemented with virgin olive oil, produces beneficial changes in the transcriptomic response of relevant genes in cardiovascular risk such as CAT, GPX1 and SIRT2. p65 and MCP-1, IL1B, IL6, CXCL1, INF-γ, ARHGAP15 and IL7R, which are involved in inflammation; and ABCA1, SR-B1, PPARBP, PPARα, PPARγ, PPARδ, CD-36 and COX-1, which play an important role in cholesterol efflux. The available data illustrate a transcriptomic effect on atherosclerosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathways as well as the mentioned genes.
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