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Benet-Pozo R, Fitó M, Marrugat J, García-García C, Subirana I, Elosua R. Does the amount and intensity of physical activity matter for low-density lipoprotein oxidation? REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2024:S1885-5857(24)00209-3. [PMID: 38986931 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Benet-Pozo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Vic - Universidad Central de Cataluña (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain
| | - Jaume Marrugat
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Cosme García-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Subirana
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Vic - Universidad Central de Cataluña (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain; Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.
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2
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Munno M, Mallia A, Greco A, Modafferi G, Banfi C, Eligini S. Radical Oxygen Species, Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins, and Lectin-like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor 1: A Vicious Circle in Atherosclerotic Process. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:583. [PMID: 38790688 PMCID: PMC11118168 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex condition that involves the accumulation of lipids and subsequent plaque formation in the arterial intima. There are various stimuli, cellular receptors, and pathways involved in this process, but oxidative modifications of low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) are particularly important in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Ox-LDLs promote foam-cell formation, activate proinflammatory pathways, and induce smooth-muscle-cell migration, apoptosis, and cell death. One of the major receptors for ox-LDL is LOX-1, which is upregulated in several cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. LOX-1 activation in endothelial cells promotes endothelial dysfunction and induces pro-atherogenic signaling, leading to plaque formation. The binding of ox-LDLs to LOX-1 increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can induce LOX-1 expression and oxidize LDLs, contributing to ox-LDL generation and further upregulating LOX-1 expression. This creates a vicious circle that is amplified in pathological conditions characterized by high plasma levels of LDLs. Although LOX-1 has harmful effects, the clinical significance of inhibiting this protein remains unclear. Further studies both in vitro and in vivo are needed to determine whether LOX-1 inhibition could be a potential therapeutic target to counteract the atherosclerotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Munno
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Alice Mallia
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (S.E.)
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Arianna Greco
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Gloria Modafferi
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Sonia Eligini
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.M.); (S.E.)
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3
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Branković M, Dukić M, Gmizić T, Popadić V, Nikolić N, Sekulić A, Brajković M, Đokić J, Mahmutović E, Lasica R, Vojnović M, Milovanović T. New Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Increased Cardiovascular Risk. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:229. [PMID: 38275476 PMCID: PMC10814440 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) was previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The main characteristic of the disease is the process of long-term liver inflammation, which leads to hepatocyte damage followed by liver fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. Additionally, these patients are at a greater risk for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). They have several pathophysiological mechanisms in common, primarily lipid metabolism disorders and lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity is a factor that leads to the occurrence of heart disease and the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, as a multifactorial disease, is one of the predominant risk factors for the development of ischemic heart disease. Therefore, CVD are one of the most significant carriers of mortality in patients with metabolic syndrome. So far, no pharmacotherapy has been established for the treatment of MASLD, but patients are advised to reduce their body weight and change their lifestyle. In recent years, several trials of different drugs, whose basic therapeutic indications include other diseases, have been conducted. Because it has been concluded that they can have beneficial effects in the treatment of these conditions as well, in this paper, the most significant results of these studies will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Branković
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (T.G.); (V.P.); (N.N.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.Đ.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Marija Dukić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (T.G.); (V.P.); (N.N.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Tijana Gmizić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (T.G.); (V.P.); (N.N.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Višeslav Popadić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (T.G.); (V.P.); (N.N.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Novica Nikolić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (T.G.); (V.P.); (N.N.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Ana Sekulić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (T.G.); (V.P.); (N.N.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Milica Brajković
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (T.G.); (V.P.); (N.N.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Jelena Đokić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (T.G.); (V.P.); (N.N.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Edvin Mahmutović
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Novi Pazar, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia;
| | - Ratko Lasica
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.L.); (T.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Vojnović
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tamara Milovanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.L.); (T.M.)
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Wei JH, Lee WJ, Luo JL, Huang HL, Wang SC, Chou RH, Huang PH, Lin SJ. Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Offers Protection against Disturbed Flow-Induced Atherosclerosis in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065669. [PMID: 36982743 PMCID: PMC10051344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery reduces body weight, enhances metabolic and diabetic control, and improves outcomes on obesity-related comorbidities. However, the mechanisms mediating this protection against cardiovascular diseases remain unclear. We investigated the effect of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on vascular protection in response to shear stress-induced atherosclerosis using an overweighted and carotid artery ligation mouse model. Eight-week-old male wild-type mice (C57BL/6J) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for two weeks to induce weight gain and dysmetabolism. SG was performed in HFD-fed mice. Two weeks after the SG procedure, partial carotid-artery ligation was performed to promote disturbed flow-induced atherosclerosis. Compared with the control mice, HFD-fed wild-type mice exhibited increased body weight, total cholesterol level, hemoglobin A1c, and enhanced insulin resistance; SG significantly reversed these adverse effects. As expected, HFD-fed mice exhibited greater neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerotic plaques than the control group, and the SG procedure attenuated HFD-promoted ligation-induced neointimal hyperplasia and arterial elastin fragmentation. Besides, HFD promoted ligation-induced macrophage infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, and increased vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. SG significantly reduced the above-mentioned effects. Moreover, HFD restriction partially reversed the intimal hyperplasia caused by carotid artery ligation; however, this protective effect was significantly lower than that observed in SG-operated mice. Our study demonstrated that HFD deteriorates shear stress-induced atherosclerosis and SG mitigates vascular remodeling, and this protective effect was not comparable in HFD restriction group. These findings provide a rationale for using bariatric surgery to counter atherosclerosis in morbid obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Hua Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan; (J.-H.W.)
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jei Lee
- Department of Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Lin Luo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan; (J.-H.W.)
| | - Hsin-Lei Huang
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Chih Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hsing Chou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2875-7374; Fax: +886-2-2875-7375
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Talpur AS, Fattah A, Hewadmal H, Hafizyar F, Farooq J, Shaik TA, Qadar LT, Zaidi SMH, Pirzada S, Bahar AR. Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia as an Independent Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction in Adult Population: A Four-Year Follow-Up Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e34614. [PMID: 36891011 PMCID: PMC9986685 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A condition in which uric acid levels are elevated but there are no accompanying symptoms is known as asymptomatic hyperuricemia. As a result of the disparity in opinions and findings between the studies, the guidelines regarding whether or not asymptomatic hyperuricemia should be treated are unclear. Material and methods Between the months of January 2017 and June 2022, this research was carried out in the community in collaboration with the internal medicine unit and the public health unit of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences. After obtaining informed consent from each participant, the researchers enrolled 1,500 patients in the study who had uric acid levels that were greater than 7.0 mg/dL. These patients ranged in age from 40 to 70 years old and were of either gender. As a control group, 1,500 patients were recruited who did not have abnormally high levels of uric acid. Patients were monitored for a total of 48 months or until the occurrence of a major cardiovascular event (MACCE) or death from all causes, whichever occurred first. Death, cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke were the four categories that made up the primary outcome, also known as MACCEs. Results In the hyperuricemic group, the incidence of myocardial infarction that did not result in death was significantly higher than in the non-hyperuricemic group (1.6% vs. 0.7%; p-value, 0.04). However, the result was not significant for deaths from all causes, deaths from cardiovascular disease, or strokes that did not result in death. Conclusion Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is a potential threat to one's health that can lead to cardiovascular diseases and may go undiagnosed in some cases. It is important to remember that hyperuricemia can lead to delirious complications, so efforts should be made to perform routine monitoring and management of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Fattah
- Internal Medicine, Indus Medical College, Tando Muhammad Khan, PAK
| | - Hewad Hewadmal
- Cardiology, Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, PAK
| | | | - Jawad Farooq
- Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PAK
| | - Tanveer Ahamad Shaik
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, USA.,Cardiovascular Medicine, Liaquatian Research Council, Hyderabad, PAK
| | - Laila Tul Qadar
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
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Papadea P, Skipitari M, Kalaitzopoulou E, Varemmenou A, Spiliopoulou M, Papasotiriou M, Papachristou E, Goumenos D, Onoufriou A, Rosmaraki E, Margiolaki I, Georgiou CD. Methods on LDL particle isolation, characterization, and component fractionation for the development of novel specific oxidized LDL status markers for atherosclerotic disease risk assessment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1078492. [PMID: 36687450 PMCID: PMC9851470 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1078492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study uses simple, innovative methods to isolate, characterize and fractionate LDL in its main components for the study of specific oxidations on them that characterize oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) status, as it causatively relates to atherosclerosis-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment. These methods are: (a) A simple, relatively time-short, low cost protocol for LDL isolation, to avoid shortcomings of the currently employed ultracentrifugation and affinity chromatography methodologies. (b) LDL purity verification by apoB100 SDS-PAGE analysis and by LDL particle size determination; the latter and its serum concentration are determined in the present study by a simple method more clinically feasible as marker of CVD risk assessment than nuclear magnetic resonance. (c) A protocol for LDL fractionation, for the first time, into its main protein/lipid components (apoB100, phospholipids, triglycerides, free cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters), as well as into LDL carotenoid/tocopherol content. (d) Protocols for the measurement, for the first time, of indicative specific LDL component oxidative modifications (cholesteryl ester-OOH, triglyceride-OOH, free cholesterol-OOH, phospholipid-OOH, apoB100-MDA, and apoB100-DiTyr) out of the many (known/unknown/under development) that collectively define oxLDL status, which contrasts with the current non-specific oxLDL status evaluation methods. The indicative oxLDL status markers, selected in the present study on the basis of expressing early oxidative stress-induced oxidative effects on LDL, are studied for the first time on patients with end stage kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis, selected as an indicative model for atherosclerosis associated diseases. Isolating LDL and fractionating its protein and main lipid components, as well as its antioxidant arsenal comprised of carotenoids and tocopherols, paves the way for future studies to investigate all possible oxidative modifications responsible for turning LDL to oxLDL in association to their possible escaping from LDL's internal antioxidant defense. This can lead to studies to identify those oxidative modifications of oxLDL (after their artificial generation on LDL), which are recognized by macrophages and convert them to foam cells, known to be responsible for the formation of atherosclerotic plaques that lead to the various CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marios Papasotiriou
- Department of Nephrology, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece,Marios Papasotiriou,
| | | | - Dimitrios Goumenos
- Department of Nephrology, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anny Onoufriou
- Department of Microbiology, General University Hospital of Patras, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Christos D. Georgiou
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece,*Correspondence: Christos D. Georgiou,
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Galatou E, Mourelatou E, Hatziantoniou S, Vizirianakis IS. Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) and Atherosclerosis: Explaining Their Pathophysiology, Association and the Role of Incretin-Based Drugs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1060. [PMID: 35739957 PMCID: PMC9220192 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most severe manifestation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common complication of type 2 diabetes, and may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Oxidative stress and liver cell damage are the major triggers of the severe hepatic inflammation that characterizes NASH, which is highly correlated with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Regarding drug therapy, research on the role of GLP-1 analogues and DPP4 inhibitors, novel classes of antidiabetic drugs, is growing. In this review, we outline the association between NASH and atherosclerosis, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and the effects of incretin-based drugs, especially GLP-1 RAs, for the therapeutic management of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Galatou
- Department of Life & Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Elena Mourelatou
- Department of Life & Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Sophia Hatziantoniou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Ioannis S. Vizirianakis
- Department of Life & Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Bostan C, Kaya A, Yigit Z. Differences Between Morbid Obesity With Metabolic Syndrome and Overweight Turkish Adult Participants in Multiple Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. Angiology 2020; 72:131-137. [PMID: 33143460 DOI: 10.1177/0003319720970161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are public health problems and are increasing globally. We assessed the differences in lipid profiles through lipid testing, thrombotic and inflammatory parameters, and oxidative stress indexes between overweight and obese patients with MetS in a Turkish adult population. We included 100 obese (body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m2) patients with MetS (66 women, 34 men, mean age 54.0 ± 10.1 years) and 15 overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m2) individuals (11 women, 4 men, mean age 50.2 ± 14.5 years) as controls. The group with MetS had significantly higher levels of glycaemia, uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homocysteine, fibrinogen, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, small dense LDL, oxidized LDL, apolipoprotein B (Apo B), lipoprotein (a), small and intermediate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, oxidative stress index, and significantly lower levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), Apo A, and large HDL particles. In conclusion, obesity with MetS increase atherogenic dyslipidemia and thrombotic, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. Furthermore, obesity with MetS decreases protective mechanisms of atherosclerosis. We should at least try to prevent overweight individuals from becoming obese with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Bostan
- Department of Cardiology, 532719Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysem Kaya
- Department of Biochemistry, 532719Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Yigit
- Department of Cardiology, 532719Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Haberal İ, Yesiltas MA, Koyuncu AO, Batur S, Ozsoy SD, Yilmaz HA, Buge A. Is it possible to predict atherosclerosis in the ascending aorta by the patient's lipid panel? Arch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis 2020; 5:e237-e244. [PMID: 33305062 PMCID: PMC7717447 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2020.98940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory event characterized by stiffness and thickening of the vascular walls. In our daily practice, we assume the atherosclerotic potential of the patient by following the total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride levels (lipid panel). We aimed to understand the relation between the HDL, LDL, cholesterol levels and the atherosclerosis in large vascular structures such as the ascending aorta. MATERIAL AND METHODS We have searched for atherosclerosis in the aortic tissue samples from 48 patients. It is a study in which we examine the correlation of preoperative cholesterol values (HDL, LDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol) by dividing the patients into two groups according to the presence of plaque. RESULTS Forty-three (89.6%) male and 5 (10.4%) female patients between 39 and 81 years of age were included in the study. There was no statistically significant difference between the patients' preoperative cardiovascular risk assessments. The free T3 values were within the normal range in all patients, but there was a difference that patients in the non-atherosclerosis group had lower values. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups' HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, or triglyceride parameters. CONCLUSIONS As a result, in our study, no significant difference was found between HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride, total cholesterol values and the pathological process of aortic atherosclerosis. As a result of this study, we believe that it was necessary to correct the error margins of these parameters. In addition, it required the need for a clearer laboratory parameter to demonstrate atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Haberal
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Yesiltas
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bakırköy Dr.Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozan Koyuncu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sebnem Batur
- Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadiye Deniz Ozsoy
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya A.K. Yilmaz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysim Buge
- Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Carmona-Maurici J, Cuello E, Sánchez E, Miñarro A, Rius F, Bueno M, de la Fuente MC, Olsina Kissler JJ, Vidal T, Maria V, Betriu À, Lecube A, Baena-Fustegueras JA, Peinado-Onsurbe J, Pardina E. Impact of bariatric surgery on subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with morbid obesity. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 16:1419-1428. [PMID: 32694041 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main cause of death in obese individuals is cardiovascular disease precipitated by atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are considered early events in the development of the disease. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with morbid obesity by comparing clinical, vascular, and biochemical parameters indicative of endothelial dysfunction in patients with and without atheromatous plaque and monitoring changes after bariatric surgery. SETTINGS Multicenter collaboration between Biochemistry and Biomedicine Department in Barcelona University and University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova in Lleida. METHODS Plasma samples from 66 patients with morbid obesity were obtained before bariatric surgery and at 6 and 12 months after. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of atheromatous plaque. We used contrast-enhanced carotid ultrasound, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Griess, and EndoPAT-2000 methods. RESULTS Patients with plaque showed the worst profile of cardiovascular risk factors. Carotid intima-media thickness and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were higher in plaque group (P < .0001). After bariatric surgery, vasa vasorum, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 decreased (P < .0001 in all cases). CONCLUSIONS Obesity promotes atherogenesis, leading to vascular endothelial damage. Bariatric surgery reduces cardiovascular risk and the prognosis is better for patients without plaque. The increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, carotid intima-media thickness, and vasa vasorum proliferation might be the first alterations in the atheromatous process in obesity and could serve as good biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Carmona-Maurici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Cuello
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Enric Sánchez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism research group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Antonio Miñarro
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Rius
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism research group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Bueno
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism research group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - M Cruz de la Fuente
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jorge Juan Olsina Kissler
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Teresa Vidal
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRB Lleida, RedinRen-ISCIII, Lleida, Spain
| | - Virtudes Maria
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRB Lleida, RedinRen-ISCIII, Lleida, Spain
| | - Àngels Betriu
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRB Lleida, RedinRen-ISCIII, Lleida, Spain
| | - Albert Lecube
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Baena-Fustegueras
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Peinado-Onsurbe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eva Pardina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Kim K, Lim C, Kim G, Chung JH, Cho YS, Cho JH, Seo JB, Chung WY, Oh SJ, Choi JS, Kim JS, Park JJ, Suh JW, Youn TJ, Chae IH, Choi DJ. Association of Plasma Marker of Oxidized Lipid with Histologic Plaque Instability in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease. Ann Vasc Surg 2019; 66:554-565. [PMID: 31706994 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) and plaque instability in coronary and carotid artery disease is well established. However, the association between OxLDL and the histologic changes of plaque in peripheral artery disease has not been clearly elucidated. This study aims to investigate the association between plasma OxLDL and histologic plaque instability in patients with peripheral artery disease. METHODS Prospectively obtained plaques from 48 patients who underwent endovascular atherectomy (n = 20), surgical endarterectomy (n = 9), or bypass surgery (n = 19) for treatment of atherosclerotic femoropopliteal artery disease were evaluated for histologic fibrosis, sclerosis, calcification, necrosis, cholesterol cleft, and foamy macrophages using hematoxylin and eosin, oil red O, and immunohistochemical staining. Unstable plaques were defined as plaques that were positive for foamy macrophages and with lipid content of more than 10% of the total plaque area. Plasma OxLDL levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Mercodia AB, Uppsala, Sweden). RESULTS Of the 48 patients, 26 (54%) had unstable plaques. The unstable plaque group was younger, had fewer angiographic total occlusions, less calcification, and more CD68-positive and LOX-1-positive cells than the stable plaque group. Plasma OxLDL levels were significantly higher in the unstable plaque group than in the stable plaque group (57.4 ± 13.9 vs. 47.2 ± 13.6 U/L, P = 0.014). Multivariate analysis revealed that plasma OxLDL level, smoking, angiographic nontotal occlusion, and statin nonuse were independent predictors of unstable plaque. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with peripheral artery disease, the histologic instability of femoropopliteal plaque was independently associated with high plasma OxLDL, smoking, nontotal occlusion, and statin nonuse. Further large-scale studies are necessary to evaluate the role of noninvasive OxLDL measurement for predicting plaque instability and future adverse vascular event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichun Kim
- The Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Cheong Lim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Gilhyang Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin-Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
| | - Jun Hwan Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Bin Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Young Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se-Jin Oh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Choi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Sung Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jung-Won Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Youn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - In-Ho Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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12
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Sorokin AV, Kotani K, Elnabawi YA, Dey AK, Sajja AP, Yamada S, Ueda M, Harrington CL, Baumer Y, Rodante JA, Gelfand JM, Chen MY, Joshi AA, Playford MP, Remaley AT, Mehta NN. Association Between Oxidation-Modified Lipoproteins and Coronary Plaque in Psoriasis. Circ Res 2019; 123:1244-1254. [PMID: 30571459 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory skin disease associated with cardiovascular disease and lipid dysfunction. However, traditional lipid parameters have limited prognostic value, whereas assessing oxidation-modified lipids in this inflammatory driven condition may capture additional risk. Recently, a study showed that psoriasis was associated with increased lipid-rich coronary plaques; therefore, investigating potential relationships with oxidation-modified lipids may speed understanding of increased cardiovascular disease in psoriasis. OBJECTIVE To understand whether oxidation-modified lipids associate with traditional lipid phenotypes, cardiometabolic disease biomarkers, and total coronary plaque, with focus on noncalcified burden (NCB) by coronary computed tomographic angiography in psoriasis. METHODS AND RESULTS Psoriasis subjects and controls (n=252) had profiling for oxidation-modified LDL (low-density lipoprotein), HDL (high-density lipoprotein), Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]), cholesterol efflux capacity, lipoprotein particle size and number by NMR spectroscopy, and PON-1 (paraoxonase-1) activity. Blinded coronary computed tomographic angiography coronary artery disease characterization included total burden, NCB, and dense-calcified burden. Compared with healthy volunteers, psoriasis subjects were older (mean age, 50.1), had increased body mass index, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Psoriasis subjects had increase in oxidized Lp(a), Lp(a), and oxidized HDL (oxHDL; P <0.05 for all) with significant association of oxidized LDL (β=0.10; P=0.020) and oxHDL (β=-0.11; P=0.007) with NCB. Moreover, psoriasis subjects expressed significantly higher PON-1 (kU/µL) activity compared with healthy volunteers (8.55±3.21 versus 6.24±3.82; P=0.01). Finally, psoriasis treatment was associated with a reduction in oxHDL (U/mL; 203.79±88.40 versus 116.36±85.03; P<0.001) and with a concomitant decrease in NCB at 1 year (1.04±0.44 versus 0.95±0.32; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Traditional lipids did not capture risk of lipid-rich plaque as assessed by NCB, whereas assaying oxidation-modification of lipids revealed significant association with oxidized LDL and oxHDL. The PON-1 activity was increased in psoriasis suggesting possible compensatory antioxidative effect. Psoriasis treatment was associated with a reduction in oxHDL. These findings support performance of larger studies to understand oxidation-modified lipids in inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Sorokin
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-City, Tochigi, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Youssef A Elnabawi
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amit K Dey
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Aparna P Sajja
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Masashi Ueda
- Hokenkagaku-West, Co, Ltd, Kyoto-City, Japan (M.U.)
| | - Charlotte L Harrington
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yvonne Baumer
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Justin A Rodante
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joel M Gelfand
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine (J.M.G.).,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.M.G.)
| | - Marcus Y Chen
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Aditya A Joshi
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Martin P Playford
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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13
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Mazidi M, Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Associations of serum uric acid with total and cause-specific mortality: Findings from individuals and pooling prospective studies. Atherosclerosis 2019; 296:49-58. [PMID: 32032905 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is considerable controversy regarding the link between serum uric acid (SUA) and mortality. We prospectively evaluated the association between SUA and risk of total and cause specific (coronary heart disease [CHD], cerebrovascular and cancer) mortality by using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES, 1999-2010). Furthermore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies was performed to investigate pooled associations of SUA with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. METHODS Vital status through December 31, 2011 was ascertained. PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched (up to April 2018). Adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to determine the association between SUA and mortality. The DerSimonian-Laird method and generic inverse variance methods were used for quantitative data synthesis. RESULTS Overall, 21,025 individuals were included (mean age = 47.6 years, 48.7% men) and 3520 deaths occurred during the 144 months of follow-up. In adjusted models, individuals in the highest quartile of SUA had 10 and 8% greater risk of CHD and stroke mortality, whereas there was no link between SUA, all-cause and cancer mortality. The associations of CHD and stroke mortality with SUA were more pronounced in women and, among women, in those aged >50 years. Furthermore, all-cause mortality was positively and significantly related to SUA concentrations only in women. In the meta-analysis, SUA was shown to predict the risk of total (21%), CHD (24%) and stroke (29%) mortality. Furthermore, participants with a higher level of central adiposity had a greater risk of mortality from CHD and stroke for the same level of SUA. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the adverse impact of SUA on mortality, particularity in older (>50 years) women. The clinical implications of these findings remain to be established in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK.
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
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14
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Hernáez Á, Soria-Florido MT, Schröder H, Ros E, Pintó X, Estruch R, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Arós F, Serra-Majem L, Martínez-González MÁ, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Elosua R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Fitó M. Role of HDL function and LDL atherogenicity on cardiovascular risk: A comprehensive examination. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218533. [PMID: 31246976 PMCID: PMC6597156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) atherogenic traits can describe the role of both particles on cardiovascular diseases more accurately than HDL- or LDL-cholesterol levels. However, it is unclear how these lipoprotein properties are particularly affected by different cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE To determine which lipoprotein properties are associated with greater cardiovascular risk scores and each cardiovascular risk factor. METHODS In two cross-sectional baseline samples of PREDIMED trial volunteers, we assessed the associations of HDL functionality (N = 296) and LDL atherogenicity traits (N = 210) with: 1) the 10-year predicted coronary risk (according to the Framingham-REGICOR score), and 2) classical cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Greater cardiovascular risk scores were associated with low cholesterol efflux values; oxidized, triglyceride-rich, small HDL particles; and small LDLs with low resistance against oxidation (P-trend<0.05, all). After adjusting for the rest of risk factors; 1) type-2 diabetic individuals presented smaller and more oxidized LDLs (P<0.026, all); 2) dyslipidemic participants had smaller HDLs with an impaired capacity to metabolize cholesterol (P<0.035, all); 3) high body mass index values were associated to lower HDL and LDL size and a lower HDL capacity to esterify cholesterol (P<0.037, all); 4) men presented a greater HDL oxidation and lower HDL vasodilatory capacity (P<0.046, all); and 5) greater ages were related to small, oxidized, cytotoxic LDL particles (P<0.037, all). CONCLUSIONS Dysfunctional HDL and atherogenic LDL particles are present in high cardiovascular risk patients. Dyslipidemia and male sex are predominantly linked to HDL dysfunctionality, whilst diabetes and advanced age are associated with LDL atherogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Hernáez
- Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna School of Life Sciences, Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Trinidad Soria-Florido
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Miquel Fiol
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics-REGICOR Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa María Lamuela-Raventós
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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15
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Paynter NP, Balasubramanian R, Giulianini F, Wang DD, Tinker LF, Gopal S, Deik AA, Bullock K, Pierce KA, Scott J, Martínez-González MA, Estruch R, Manson JE, Cook NR, Albert CM, Clish CB, Rexrode KM. Metabolic Predictors of Incident Coronary Heart Disease in Women. Circulation 2019; 137:841-853. [PMID: 29459470 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.029468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although metabolomic profiling offers promise for the prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD), and metabolic risk factors are more strongly associated with CHD in women than men, limited data are available for women. METHODS We applied a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics platform to measure 371 metabolites in a discovery set of postmenopausal women (472 incident CHD cases, 472 controls) with validation in an independent set of postmenopausal women (312 incident CHD cases, 315 controls). RESULTS Eight metabolites, primarily oxidized lipids, were significantly dysregulated in cases after the adjustment for matching and CHD risk factors in both the discovery and validation data sets. One oxidized phospholipid, C34:2 hydroxy-phosphatidylcholine, remained associated with CHD after further adjustment for other validated metabolites. Subjects with C34:2 hydroxy-phosphatidylcholine levels in the highest quartile had a 4.7-fold increase in CHD odds in comparison with the lowest quartile; C34:2 hydroxy-phosphatidylcholine also significantly improved the area under the curve (P<0.01) for CHD. The C34:2 hydroxy-phosphatidylcholine findings were replicated in a third replication data set of 980 men and women (230 cardiovascular events) with a stronger association observed in women. CONCLUSIONS These data replicate known metabolite predictors, identify novel markers, and support the relationship between lipid oxidation and subsequent CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina P Paynter
- Division of Preventive Medicine (N.P.P., F.G., J.E.M., N.R.C., C.M.A., K.M.R.)
| | - Raji Balasubramanian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst (R.B.)
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine (N.P.P., F.G., J.E.M., N.R.C., C.M.A., K.M.R.)
| | - Dong D Wang
- Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., J.E.M., N.R.C.).,Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., M.A.M.-G.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (L.F.T.)
| | - Shuba Gopal
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (S.G., A.A.D., K.B., K.A.P., J.S., C.B.C.)
| | - Amy A Deik
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (S.G., A.A.D., K.B., K.A.P., J.S., C.B.C.)
| | - Kevin Bullock
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (S.G., A.A.D., K.B., K.A.P., J.S., C.B.C.)
| | - Kerry A Pierce
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (S.G., A.A.D., K.B., K.A.P., J.S., C.B.C.)
| | - Justin Scott
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (S.G., A.A.D., K.B., K.A.P., J.S., C.B.C.)
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., M.A.M.-G.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra Medical School, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R.E.)
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine (N.P.P., F.G., J.E.M., N.R.C., C.M.A., K.M.R.).,Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., J.E.M., N.R.C.)
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Division of Preventive Medicine (N.P.P., F.G., J.E.M., N.R.C., C.M.A., K.M.R.).,Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., J.E.M., N.R.C.)
| | - Christine M Albert
- Division of Preventive Medicine (N.P.P., F.G., J.E.M., N.R.C., C.M.A., K.M.R.)
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (S.G., A.A.D., K.B., K.A.P., J.S., C.B.C.)
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Division of Preventive Medicine (N.P.P., F.G., J.E.M., N.R.C., C.M.A., K.M.R.).,Division of Women's Health (K.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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16
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Zeb A, Khan AA. Improvement of Serum Biochemical Parameters and Hematological Indices Through α-Tocopherol Administration in Dietary Oxidized Olive Oil Induced Toxicity in Rats. Front Nutr 2019; 5:137. [PMID: 30687713 PMCID: PMC6335241 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary oxidized olive oil, alone or in combination with different doses of α-tocopherol, were given to Swiss albino rats for 30 days; in order to determine its role in oxidative stress and fatty liver, induced by the oxidized olive oils. Serum biochemical parameters and hematological indices of blood were analyzed. The liver was analyzed for histopathological changes, lipid peroxidation, and polar triacylglycerols composition. Results revealed that there was a significant decline in the serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, glucose and ALT; while a significant increase occurred in the serum HDL levels through the supplementation of α-tocopherol in male and female rats. Hematological parameters were almost in the normal reference range in the groups that were fed α-tocopherol, alone or in combination with oxidized oil, while being significantly altered by the oxidized olive oil. There were acute hepatitis and necrosis in the liver with no fatty changes after feeding with oxidized olive oil, along with varying doses of α-tocopherol. Higher amounts of polar compounds were present in female rats (15.2–93.1 μg/g) compared to male rats (12.2–82.3%) that correspond to the supplementation of α-tocopherol in combination with oxidized oil. Lipid oxidation in liver was minimized by tocopherol, while an increase occurred in the accumulation of oxidized lipids in the liver. These findings revealed that tocopherol is beneficial against the oxidized oil induced biochemical and hematological changes and lipid peroxidation but causes fatty accumulation in the liver. Therefore, the role of tocopherol in patients with fatty liver disease may be considered, as tocopherol may increase the chance of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam Zeb
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ali Khan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan
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17
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Hwang CL, Bishop J, Ching J, Elokda A, da Silva ALG, Laddu D, Phillips SA. Precision Measurements to Assess Baseline Status and Efficacy of Healthy Living Medicine. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 62:55-59. [PMID: 30610884 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine recently has gained popularity, calling for more individualized approaches to prevent and/or reduce chronic-disease risk and to reduce non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Encompassed under Precision medicine initiatives is the concept of healthy living medicine (HLM), which emphasizes the promotion of lifestyle and behavioral practices including physical activity and healthy dietary pattern. Precision measurements have the potential to improve the understanding of how risk factors influence disease trajectory, and further inform on how to precisely tailor clinical strategies to manage risk factors to prevent disease manifestation, and refine therapies according the patient's demographic, environment, and disease etiology. The purpose of this review is to summarize the application of established and emerging measurements that may be used in HLM to manage and optimize care in CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chueh-Lung Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Bishop
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jerry Ching
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Elokda
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, United States of America
| | - Andréa Lúcia Gonçalves da Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Physical Education and Health, Physiotherapy` Course at University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Deepika Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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18
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Zhao X, Zhang HW, Xu RX, Guo YL, Zhu CG, Wu NQ, Gao Y, Li JJ. Oxidized-LDL is a useful marker for predicting the very early coronary artery disease and cardiovascular outcomes. Per Med 2018; 15:521-529. [PMID: 30362886 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2018-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM The link of oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) with premature coronary artery disease (CAD) has previously been less examined. Materials & methods: A total of 1217 patients with angiography-proven CAD were consecutively enrolled and divided into very-early CAD (VECAD), early CAD and late CAD subgroups. And 72 normal control of VECAD were examined. All the subjects were followed-up for an average of 31 months. RESULTS Patients with VECAD had higher ox-LDL levels; and logistic regression analysis indicated that ox-LDL was an independent risk factor for VECAD among patients with CAD (adjusted odds ratio: 1.024; p < 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that VECAD patients had lower event-free survival (p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION Elevated plasma ox-LDL level is independently associated with the presence and cardiovascular events in VECAD patients, suggesting that ox-LDL may be a prognostic predictor for VECAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Dyslipidemia, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Hui-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Dyslipidemia, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Rui-Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Dyslipidemia, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Dyslipidemia, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Dyslipidemia, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Dyslipidemia, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Dyslipidemia, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Dyslipidemia, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
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19
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Kapuria D, Takyar VK, Etzion O, Surana P, O'Keefe JH, Koh C. Association of Hepatic Steatosis With Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:873-883. [PMID: 30094399 PMCID: PMC6078218 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming common in the United States and throughout the world and can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. There is a strong association between coronary artery disease and NAFLD due to common risk factors, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Subclinical atherosclerosis, defined as coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic patients, has been shown to have a higher incidence in patients with NAFLD. We performed a meta‐analysis to examine the association of NAFLD with subclinical atherosclerosis measured by coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring. Data were extracted from 12 studies selected using a predefined search strategy. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound or computed tomography scans. The rate of coronary artery calcification was analyzed using random effects models, and publication bias was assessed using Egger's regression test. A total of 42,410 subjects were assessed, including 16,883 patients with NAFLD. Mean CAC score was significantly higher in subjects with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD (odds ratio with random effects model, 1.64; 95% confidence inteval, 1.42‐1.89). This association remained significant through subgroup analyses for studies with >1,000 subjects and a higher CAC score cutoff of >100. Higher aspartate aminotransferase levels were also associated with increased subclinical atherosclerosis (mean difference 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.19‐2.34). Conclusion: There is an increased prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with NAFLD, where subclinical atherosclerosis is defined using a “real world” clinical biomarker, namely the CAC score. Prospective studies are needed to establish a causative link between NAFLD and coronary artery disease. (Hepatology Communications 2018; 00:000‐000)
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Kapuria
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Varun K Takyar
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Ohad Etzion
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Pallavi Surana
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - James H O'Keefe
- Department of Cardiology Saint Luke's Mid-America Heart Institute Kansas City MO
| | - Christopher Koh
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
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20
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Gao S, Zhao D, Qi Y, Wang W, Wang M, Sun J, Liu J, Li Y, Liu J. Circulating Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels Independently Predict 10-Year Progression of Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Community-Based Cohort Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018. [PMID: 29515051 PMCID: PMC6193183 DOI: 10.5551/jat.43299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To investigate the association between circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) levels and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and to examine whether this link is independent of other low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-related parameters. Methods: Totally, 804 subjects who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline completed risk factor surveys and carotid ultrasound measurements in 2002 and 2012. Modified Poisson regression was performed to examine the association between baseline serum ox-LDL levels and the 10-year risk of progression of carotid atherosclerosis which was defined as the development of at least one new plaque in a previously plaque-free carotid segment at re-examination. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 58.6 ± 7.7 years at baseline and 43.3% were men. A total of 504 (62.7%) subjects had carotid plaque progression at re-examination. Subjects in the intermediate and highest tertiles of ox-LDL had a significantly higher adjusted risk of atherosclerosis progression than those in the lowest tertile [relative risk (95% confidence interval) 1.17 (1.01–1.34) for the intermediate tertile and 1.23 (1.07–1.42) for the highest tertile]. This association was independent of baseline levels of LDL-C, total LDL particle number, and small LDL particle number. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that serum ox-LDL levels predict 10-year progression of subclinical atherosclerosis. Moreover, this effect is independent of the cholesterol content, the number, and the size of LDL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology
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21
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Bocchia M, Galimberti S, Aprile L, Sicuranza A, Gozzini A, Santilli F, Abruzzese E, Baratè C, Scappini B, Fontanelli G, Trawinska MM, Defina M, Gozzetti A, Bosi A, Petrini M, Puccetti L. Genetic predisposition and induced pro-inflammatory/pro-oxidative status may play a role in increased atherothrombotic events in nilotinib treated chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72311-72321. [PMID: 27527867 PMCID: PMC5342164 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/1969] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports described an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, mainly atherothrombotic, in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) patients receiving nilotinib. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The objective of the current cross-sectional retrospective study is to address a potential correlation between Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) treatment and CV events. One hundred and 10 chronic phase CML patients in complete cytogenetic response during nilotinib or imatinib, were screened for CV events and evaluated for: traditional CV risk factors, pro/anti-inflammatory biochemical parameters and detrimental ORL1 gene polymorphisms (encoding for altered oxidized LDL receptor-1). Multivariate analysis of the whole cohort showed that the cluster of co-existing nilotinib treatment, dyslipidaemia and G allele of LOX-1 polymorphism was the only significant finding associated with CV events. Furthermore, multivariate analysis according to TKI treatment confirmed IVS4-14 G/G LOX-1 polymorphism as the strongest predictive factor for a higher incidence of CV events in nilotinib patients. Biochemical assessment showed an unbalanced pro-inflammatory cytokines network in nilotinib vs imatinib patients. Surprisingly, pre-existing traditional CV risk factors were not always predictive of CV events. We believe that in nilotinib patients an induced “inflammatory/oxidative status”, together with a genetic pro-atherothrombotic predisposition, may favour the increased incidence of CV events. Prospective studies focused on this issue are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bocchia
- Department of Hematology, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Galimberti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, U.O. Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Aprile
- Department of Hematology, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Sicuranza
- Department of Hematology, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonella Gozzini
- Functional Unit of Hematology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudia Baratè
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, U.O. Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Scappini
- Functional Unit of Hematology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Fontanelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, U.O. Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Defina
- Department of Hematology, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gozzetti
- Department of Hematology, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Alberto Bosi
- Functional Unit of Hematology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Petrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, U.O. Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Puccetti
- Department of Hematology, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
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22
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Harmon ME, Lewis J, Miller C, Hoover J, Ali AMS, Shuey C, Cajero M, Lucas S, Pacheco B, Erdei E, Ramone S, Nez T, Campen MJ, Gonzales M. Arsenic association with circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein in a Native American community. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:535-548. [PMID: 29641933 PMCID: PMC6042213 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1443860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
More than 500 abandoned uranium (U) mines within the Navajo Nation contribute U, arsenic (As) and other metals to groundwater, soil and potentially air through airborne transport. The adverse cardiovascular health effects attributed to cumulative exposure to these metals remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine whether environmental exposure to these metals may promote or exacerbate the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in this Native American population. The correlation of cardiovascular biomarkers (oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and C-reactive protein (CRP)) from a Navajo cohort (n = 252) with mean annual As and U intakes from water and urine metals was estimated using linear regression. Proof-of-concept assays were performed to investigate whether As and U directly oxidize human LDL. Mean annual As intake from water was positively and significantly associated with oxLDL, but not CRP in this study population, while U intake estimates were negatively associated with oxLDL. In an acellular system, As, but not U, directly oxidized the apolipoprotein B-100 component of purified human LDL. Neither metal promoted lipid peroxidation of the LDL particle. Both the population and lab results are consistent with the hypothesis that As promotes oxidation of LDL, a crucial step in vascular inflammation and chronic vascular disease. Conversely, for outcomes related to U, negative associations were observed between U intake and oxLDL, and U only minimally altered human LDL in direct exposure experiments. Only urine U was correlated with CRP, whereas no other metals in water or urine were apparently reliable predictors of this inflammatory marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Harmon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Curtis Miller
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joseph Hoover
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Abdul-Mehdi S. Ali
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Chris Shuey
- Southwest Research and Information Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Miranda Cajero
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Selita Lucas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Bernadette Pacheco
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Esther Erdei
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sandy Ramone
- Southwest Research and Information Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Teddy Nez
- Southwest Research and Information Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Melissa Gonzales
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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23
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Do Oxidized Lipoproteins Cause Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases? Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:1513-1516. [PMID: 29100654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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24
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Winklhofer-Roob BM, Faustmann G, Roob JM. Low-density lipoprotein oxidation biomarkers in human health and disease and effects of bioactive compounds. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:38-86. [PMID: 28456641 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Based on the significance of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in health and disease, this review focuses on human studies addressing oxidation of LDL, including three lines of biomarkers, (i) ex vivo LDL resistance to oxidation, a "challenge test" model, (ii) circulating oxidized LDL, indicating the "current in vivo status", and (iii) autoantibodies against oxidized LDL as fingerprints of an immune response to oxidized LDL, along with circulating oxysterols and 4-hydroxynonenal as biomarkers of lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation and oxidized LDL are hallmarks in the development of various metabolic, cardiovascular and other diseases. Changes further occur across life stages from infancy to older age as well as in athletes and smokers. Given their responsiveness to targeted nutritional interventions, markers of LDL oxidation have been employed in a rapidly growing number of human studies for more than 2 decades. There is growing interest in foods, which, besides providing energy and nutrients, exert beneficial effects on human health, such as protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage. Any health claim, however, needs to be substantiated by supportive evidence derived from human studies, using reliable biomarkers to demonstrate such beneficial effects. A large body of evidence has accumulated, demonstrating protection of LDL from oxidation by bioactive food compounds, including vitamins, other micronutrients and secondary plant ingredients, which will facilitate the selection of oxidation biomarkers for future human intervention studies and health claim support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte M Winklhofer-Roob
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Austria.
| | - Gernot Faustmann
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Austria; Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes M Roob
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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25
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Wu J, Lei G, Wang X, Tang Y, Cheng H, Jian G, Wu X, Wang N. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia and coronary artery disease in elderly patients without comorbidities. Oncotarget 2017; 8:80688-80699. [PMID: 29113336 PMCID: PMC5655231 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Because many subjects with hyperuricemia have comorbidities, it can be difficult to differentiate the role of hyperuricemia from that of other comorbidities of coronary artery disease (CAD). Subjects aged ≥ 65 years were enrolled in the study and were available at enrollment and at 5-year follow-up. Subjects were excluded if they were overweight or obese, hypertensive, diabetic, hyperlipidemic, had a pre-existing cardiovascular disease, a history of gout or hyperuricemia on medications, or chronic kidney disease as estimated by a glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. We used Poisson regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for incident CAD events between hyperuricemic (> 7 mg/dL in men and ≥ 6 mg/dL in women) and normouricemic subjects. A total of 2,142 subjects without comorbidities (mean age of 70.7 ± 5.9 years, 1,194 men) were followed for 57.4 ± 8.9 months. Hyperuricemia was associated with an increased cumulative incidence of incident CAD events (15.0% versus 8.8%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, hyperuricemia independently predicted the risk of incident CAD events (HR=1.71, 95% CI 1.26-2.34). In conclusion, asymptomatic hyperuricemia is a valuable biomarker for predicting the development of incident CAD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangtao Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuezhong Tang
- Kangjian Community Health Center, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- Kangjian Community Health Center, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Guihua Jian
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianfeng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Gao S, Zhao D, Wang M, Zhao F, Han X, Qi Y, Liu J. Association Between Circulating Oxidized LDL and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:1624-1632. [PMID: 29173602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although basic research has suggested that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, population observational studies have yielded conflicting results about the association between circulating ox-LDL and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of currently available observational studies to verify the association between circulating ox-LDL and ASCVD. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library from their inception to March 27, 2017, for nested case-control studies, case-cohort studies, and prospective cohort studies on the relationship between ox-LDL and ASCVD. Studies that did not assess the hazard ratio, relative risk, or odds ratio of ox-LDL or did not adjust for other risk factors, or those without examination of ox-LDL before collection of ASCVD occurrences were excluded. The summarized effect size was combined using fixed effect models. Subgroup analyses were performed on the basis of study quality, study design, definition of ASCVD events, effect size types, types of ox-LDL assay, ox-LDL contrast level, and whether low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was adjusted in a multivariate model. RESULTS A total of 12 included studies consisted of 3 nested case-control studies, 1 case-cohort study, 5 hospital-based cohort studies, and 3 community-based cohort studies. The summary effect size of increased circulating ox-LDL was 1.79 (95% confidence interval, 1.56-2.05) for ASCVD. Similar associations were shown in all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that increased levels of circulating ox-LDL are associated with clinical ASCVD events. Further well designed community-based cohort studies or intervention studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyu Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.
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27
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Peng J, Tang ZH, Ren Z, He B, Zeng Y, Liu LS, Wang Z, Wei DH, Zheng XL, Jiang ZS. TET2 Protects against oxLDL-Induced HUVEC Dysfunction by Upregulating the CSE/H 2S System. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:486. [PMID: 28798687 PMCID: PMC5526911 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2) protein is a DNA demethylase that regulates gene expression through DNA demethylation and also plays important roles in various diseases including atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction represents an early key event in atherosclerotic disease. The cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a key endogenous system with protective effects on endothelial functions. In this study, we examined how TET2 regulates oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced dysfunction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and determined the role of the CSE/H2S system. Treatment with oxLDL resulted in downregulation of both TET2 expression and CSE/H2S system in HUVECs. TET2 was found to have protective effects on oxLDL-induced HUVEC dysfunction, which was confirmed with TET2 overexpression plasmid or TET2 shRNA plasmid. Moreover, TET2 was found to upregulate the CSE/H2S system and inhibit NF-κB activation, leading to decreased expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and attenuated adhesion of THP-1 cells to oxLDL-activated HUVECs. The protective effect of TET2 was reduced by treatment with CSE siRNA. Further studies revealed that CSE promoter region contains a well-defined CpG island. We also showed that TET2 enhanced 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) level and promoted DNA demethylation of CSE gene promoter, leading to an increase in CSE expression. In conclusion, TET2 has protective effects on oxLDL-induced HUVEC dysfunction, likely through upregulating the CSE/H2S system by DNA demethylation of CSE gene promoter. TET2 may become a novel therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction-associated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Bei He
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Yun Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Dang-Heng Wei
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Center, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, CalgaryAB, Canada
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
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28
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Gao S, Liu J. Association between circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2017; 3:89-94. [PMID: 29063061 PMCID: PMC5627698 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive disease which eventually leads to coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke and other atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Numerous studies have demonstrated an atherogenic role of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in the progression of ASCVD. This article briefly reviews the atherogenic mechanism of ox-LDL, the methods of measuring ox-LDL in the circulation, effect of medical therapy and life-style modification on ox-LDL level, and the association between circulating ox-LDL and atherosclerosis, including clinical ASCVD events and subclinical atherosclerosis, in observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
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29
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Hernáez Á, Castañer O, Goday A, Ros E, Pintó X, Estruch R, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Arós F, Serra-Majem L, Martínez-González MÁ, Fiol M, Lapetra J, de la Torre R, López-Sabater MC, Fitó M. The Mediterranean Diet decreases LDL atherogenicity in high cardiovascular risk individuals: a randomized controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28371298 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201601015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Traditional Mediterranean diet (TMD) protects against cardiovascular disease through several mechanisms such as decreasing LDL cholesterol levels. However, evidence regarding TMD effects on LDL atherogenic traits (resistance against oxidation, size, composition, cytotoxicity) is scarce. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed the effects of a 1-year intervention with a TMD on LDL atherogenic traits in a random sub-sample of individuals from the PREDIMED study (N = 210). We compared two TMDs: one enriched with virgin olive oil (TMD-VOO, N = 71) and another with nuts (TMD-Nuts, N = 68), versus a low-fat control diet (N = 71). After the TMD-VOO intervention, LDL resistance against oxidation increased (+6.46%, p = 0.007), the degree of LDL oxidative modifications decreased (-36.3%, p<0.05), estimated LDL particle size augmented (+3.06%, p = 0.021), and LDL particles became cholesterol-rich (+2.41% p = 0.013) relative to the low-fat control diet. LDL lipoproteins became less cytotoxic for macrophages only relative to baseline (-13.4%, p = 0.019). No significant effects of the TMD-Nuts intervention on LDL traits were observed versus the control diet. CONCLUSION Adherence to a TMD, particularly when enriched with virgin olive oil, decreased LDL atherogenicity in high cardiovascular risk individuals. The development of less atherogenic LDLs could contribute to explaining some of the cardioprotective benefits of this dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Hernáez
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR-Study Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR-Study Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Goday
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR-Study Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Balearic Islands Institute for Health Research, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR-Study Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Carmen López-Sabater
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR-Study Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Reboredo-Rodríguez P, Figueiredo-González M, González-Barreiro C, Simal-Gándara J, Salvador MD, Cancho-Grande B, Fregapane G. State of the Art on Functional Virgin Olive Oils Enriched with Bioactive Compounds and Their Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030668. [PMID: 28335517 PMCID: PMC5372680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Virgin olive oil, the main fat of the Mediterranean diet, is per se considered as a functional food—as stated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)—due to its content in healthy compounds. The daily intake of endogenous bioactive phenolics from virgin olive oil is variable due to the influence of multiple agronomic and technological factors. Thus, a good strategy to ensure an optimal intake of polyphenols through habitual diet would be to produce enriched virgin olive oil with well-known bioactive polyphenols. Different sources of natural biological active substances can be potentially used to enrich virgin olive oil (e.g., raw materials derived from the same olive tree, mainly olive leaves and pomaces, and/or other compounds from plants and vegetables, mainly herbs and spices). The development of these functional olive oils may help in prevention of chronic diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases, immune frailty, ageing disorders and degenerative diseases) and improving the quality of life for many consumers reducing health care costs. In the present review, the most relevant scientific information related to the development of enriched virgin olive oil and their positive human health effects has been collected and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Reboredo-Rodríguez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - María Figueiredo-González
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Carmen González-Barreiro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Jesús Simal-Gándara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - María Desamparados Salvador
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real Campus, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Cancho-Grande
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Giuseppe Fregapane
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real Campus, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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31
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Zuo T, Liu X, Jiang L, Mao S, Yin X, Guo L. Hyperuricemia and coronary heart disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:207. [PMID: 27793095 PMCID: PMC5084405 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperuricemia may be associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality; however, the results from prospective studies are conflicting. The objective of this study was to assess the association between hyperuricemia and risk of CHD mortality by performing a meta-analysis. Methods Pubmed and Embase were searched for relevant prospective cohort studies published until July 2015. Studies were included only if they reported data on CHD mortality related to hyperuricemia in a general population. The pooled adjusted relative risk (RR) was calculated using a random-effects model. Results A total of 14 studies involving 341 389 adults were identified. Hyperuricemia was associated with an increased risk of CHD mortality (RR: 1.14; 95 % CI: 1.06–1.23) and all-cause mortality (RR: 1.20; 95 % CI: 1.13–1.28). For each increase of 1 mg/dl of serum uric acid (SUA), the overall risks of CHD and all-cause mortality increased by 20 and 9 %, respectively. According to the gender subgroup analyses, hyperuricemia increased the risk of CHD mortality in women (RR: 1.47; 95 % CI: 1.21–1.73) compared to men (RR: 1.10; 95 % CI: 1.00–1.19). The risk of all-cause mortality was greater in women. Conclusions Hyperuricemia may modestly increase the risk of CHD and all-cause mortality. Future research is needed to determine whether urate–lowering therapy has beneficial effects for reducing CHD mortality. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12872-016-0379-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zuo
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Jiang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Mao
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yin
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Liheng Guo
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
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Biel S, Mesa MD, de la Torre R, Espejo JA, Fernández-Navarro JR, Fitó M, Sánchez-Rodriguez E, Rosa C, Marchal R, Alche JDD, Expósito M, Brenes M, Gandul B, Calleja MA, Covas MI. The NUTRAOLEOUM Study, a randomized controlled trial, for achieving nutritional added value for olive oils. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:404. [PMID: 27770787 PMCID: PMC5075414 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Virgin olive oil, a recognized healthy food, cannot be consumed in great quantities. We aim to assess in humans whether an optimized virgin olive oil with high phenolic content (OVOO, 429 mg/Kg) and a functional one (FOO), both rich in phenolic compounds (429 mg/Kg) and triterpenic acids (389 mg/kg), could provide health benefits additional to those supplied a by a standard virgin olive oil (VOO). Methods/design A randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled study will be conducted. Healthy volunteers (aged 20 to 50) will be randomized into one of three groups of daily raw olive oil consumption: VOO, OVOO, and FOO (30 mL/d). Olive oils will be administered over 3-week periods preceded by 2-week washout ones. The main outcomes will be markers of lipid and DNA oxidation, inflammation, and vascular damage. A bioavailability and dose-response study will be nested within this sustained- consumption one. It will be made up of 18 volunteers and be performed at two stages after a single dose of each olive oil. Endothelial function and nitric oxide will be assessed at baseline and at 4 h and 6 h after olive oil single dose ingestion. Discussion For the first time the NUTRAOLEUM Study will provide first level evidence on the health benefits in vivo in humans of olive oil triterpenes (oleanolic and maslinic acid) in addition to their bioavailability and disposition. Trial registration The Trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02520739.
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33
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Fitó M, Melander O, Martínez JA, Toledo E, Carpéné C, Corella D. Advances in Integrating Traditional and Omic Biomarkers When Analyzing the Effects of the Mediterranean Diet Intervention in Cardiovascular Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1469. [PMID: 27598147 PMCID: PMC5037747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervention with Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has provided a high level of evidence in primary prevention of cardiovascular events. Besides enhancing protection from classical risk factors, an improvement has also been described in a number of non-classical ones. Benefits have been reported on biomarkers of oxidation, inflammation, cellular adhesion, adipokine production, and pro-thrombotic state. Although the benefits of the MedDiet have been attributed to its richness in antioxidants, the mechanisms by which it exercises its beneficial effects are not well known. It is thought that the integration of omics including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and metabolomics, into studies analyzing nutrition and cardiovascular diseases will provide new clues regarding these mechanisms. However, omics integration is still in its infancy. Currently, some single-omics analyses have provided valuable data, mostly in the field of genomics. Thus, several gene-diet interactions in determining both intermediate (plasma lipids, etc.) and final cardiovascular phenotypes (stroke, myocardial infarction, etc.) have been reported. However, few studies have analyzed changes in gene expression and, moreover very few have focused on epigenomic or metabolomic biomarkers related to the MedDiet. Nevertheless, these preliminary results can help to better understand the inter-individual differences in cardiovascular risk and dietary response for further applications in personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research (REGICOR Group), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, 22241 Lund, Sweden.
| | - José Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Christian Carpéné
- INSERM U1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Rangueil Hospital, 31442 Toulouse, France.
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Fernández-Castillejo S, Valls RM, Castañer O, Rubió L, Catalán Ú, Pedret A, Macià A, Sampson ML, Covas MI, Fitó M, Motilva MJ, Remaley AT, Solà R. Polyphenol rich olive oils improve lipoprotein particle atherogenic ratios and subclasses profile: A randomized, crossover, controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1544-54. [PMID: 26992050 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201501068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Lipoprotein particle measures performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and associated ratios, may be better markers for atherosclerosis risk than conventional lipid measures. The effect of two functional olive oils, one enriched with its polyphenols (FVOO, 500 ppm), and the other (FVOOT) with them (250 ppm) and those of thyme (250 ppm), versus a standard virgin olive oil (VOO), on lipoprotein particle atherogenic ratios and subclasses profiles was assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS In a randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled trial, 33 hypercholesterolemic individuals received 25 mL/day of VOO, FVOO, and FVOOT. Intervention periods were of 3 weeks separated by 2-week washout periods. Lipoprotein particle counts and subclasses were measured by NMR. Polyphenols from olive oil and thyme modified the lipoprotein subclasses profile and decreased the total LDL particle/total HDL particle (HDL-P), small HDL/large HDL, and HDL-cholesterol/HDL-P ratios, and decreased the lipoprotein insulin resistance index (LP-IR) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Olive oil polyphenols, and those from thyme provided benefits on lipoprotein particle atherogenic ratios and subclasses profile distribution. Polyphenol-enriched olive oil is a way of increasing the olive oil healthy properties while consuming the same amount of fat, as well as a useful and complementary tool for the management of cardiovascular risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, NFOC group, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa-Maria Valls
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, NFOC group, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research group, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBEROBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, NFOC group, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain.,Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, NFOC group, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, NFOC group, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain
| | - Alba Macià
- Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maureen L Sampson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - María-Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research group, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBEROBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research group, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBEROBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rosa Solà
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, NFOC group, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain
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35
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Harmon ME, Campen MJ, Miller C, Shuey C, Cajero M, Lucas S, Pacheco B, Erdei E, Ramone S, Nez T, Lewis J. Associations of Circulating Oxidized LDL and Conventional Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease in a Cross-Sectional Study of the Navajo Population. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0143102. [PMID: 26938991 PMCID: PMC4777541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalences of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have increased among the Navajo Native American community in recent decades. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a novel CVD biomarker that has never been assessed in the Navajo population. We examined the relationship of oxLDL to conventional CVD and T2D risk factors and biomarkers in a cross-sectional population of Navajo participants. This cross-sectional study included 252 participants from 20 Navajo communities from the Diné Network for Environmental Health Project. Plasma samples were tested for oxLDL levels by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the relationship of oxLDL and oxidized- to non-oxidized lipoprotein ratios to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6) and demographic and health variables. Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and obesity are very prevalent in this Navajo population. HbA1c, CRP, body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides were at levels that may increase risk for CVD and T2D. Median oxLDL level was 47 (36.8–57) U/L. Correlational analysis showed that although oxLDL alone was not associated with HbA1c, oxLDL/HDL, oxLDL/LDL and CRP were significantly associated with HbA1c and glucose. OxLDL, oxLDL/HDL and oxLDL/LDL were significantly associated with CRP. Multivariate analysis showed that triglycerides were a common and strong predictor of oxLDL, oxLDL/HDL and oxLDL/LDL. OxLDL was trended with HbA1c and glucose but did not reach significance, however, HbA1c was an independent predictor of OxLDL/HDL. CRP trended with oxLDL/HDL and was a weak predictor of oxLDL/LDL. This Navajo subset appears to have oxLDL levels comparable to subjects without evidence of CVD reported in other studies. The high prevalence of T2D, hypertension and obesity along with abnormal levels of other biomarkers including HbA1c indicate that the Navajo population has a worsening CVD risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Harmon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Curtis Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Chris Shuey
- Southwest Research and Information Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Miranda Cajero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Selita Lucas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Bernadette Pacheco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Esther Erdei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Sandy Ramone
- Southwest Research and Information Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Teddy Nez
- Southwest Research and Information Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
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36
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Changes in oxidized lipids drive the improvement in monocyte activation and vascular disease after statin therapy in HIV. AIDS 2016; 30:65-73. [PMID: 26731754 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays a significant role in atherosclerosis development. HIV infection has been linked with heightened cardiovascular disease risk. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors may reduce oxidative stress and subsequently subclinical vascular disease in HIV. DESIGN/METHODS This is a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of rosuvastatin in HIV-infected adults on stable antiretroviral therapy with low-density lipoprotein less than 130 mg/dl and increased inflammation or T-cell activation on subclinical vascular disease. Changes over 48 weeks in oxidative stress markers, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and F2-isoprostane/creatinine ratio (F2-IsoP/Cr), were compared between groups. Spearman correlation and multivariable linear regression were used to evaluate relationships between changes in markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and monocyte activation and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT). RESULTS One hundred and forty-seven adults enrolled (72 to rosuvastatin and 75 to placebo). In the rosuvastatin group, oxLDL decreased significantly over 24 weeks compared to placebo [mean absolute change in log-oxLDL for rosuvastatin -0.2 ± 0.468 log U/l (P < 0.001 within-group) vs. placebo -0.018 ± 0.456 log U/l (P = 0.83 within-group); P = 0.004 between groups] and this change was linked with changes in soluble CD14 and proportion of patrolling monocytes (CD14dimCD16). Although oxLDL levels increased after initially declining and were not different from placebo at week 48, the early improvement in oxLDL was associated with improved CIMT at week 48. Changes in F2-IsoP/Cr were not significant between groups. CONCLUSION Rosuvastatin decreases oxLDL levels early after initiation and is associated with decreased monocyte activation. Early improvement in oxLDL is linked with improved CIMT in treated HIV infection.
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37
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Rapid and Sensitive Determination of Lipid Oxidation Using the Reagent Kit Based on Spectrophotometry (FOODLABfatSystem). J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/1468743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reliability and availability of FOODLABfatsystem for determining acid value (AV) and peroxide value (POV) were assessed during the hydrolytic rancidification and lipid oxidation of edible oils. This reagent kit based on spectrophotometry was compared to the official methods (ISO 660 and 3960 protocols) based on manual titration employing the standard mixture for the simulated oxidation models and edible oils during the thermally induced oxidation at 180°C. The linear regression line of standard mixture and the significant difference of thermally oxidized time course study determined between them showed high correlations (R2=0.998andp<0.05) in both AVs and POVs. Considering ISO protocols with a probability of human error in manual titration, the rapidness and simplicity of the reagent kit based on spectrophotometry make it a promising alternative to monitor the lipid oxidation of edible oils and lipid-containing foods.
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38
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Abstract
Rationale:
The role of circulating antibodies in addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors in the development of accelerated arteriosclerosis and their long-term clinical consequences have not been demonstrated.
Objective:
We investigated the role of circulating antibodies in accelerated arteriosclerosis and the role of immune-associated arteriosclerosis in graft and patient survival and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events.
Methods and Results:
This was an observational prospective cohort study that included 1065 kidney transplant patients (principal cohort, n=744; validation cohort, n=321) between 2004 and 2010. Participants were assessed for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and circulating anti–human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies. All patients underwent allograft biopsies to assess arteriosclerotic lesions and endothelial activation, endarteritis, and complement deposition. In the principal cohort, 250 (33.6%) patients had severe arteriosclerosis (luminal narrowing >25% via fibrointimal arterial thickening). Circulating donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies were significantly associated with severe allograft arteriosclerosis (hazard ratio, 2.9;
P
<0.0001), independently of traditional risk factors. Patients with severe arteriosclerosis and anti-HLA antibodies (n=91, 12.2%) demonstrated allograft endothelial activation, endarteritis, and complement deposition. High levels of anti-HLA antibodies and their complement binding capacity were associated with increased severity of arteriosclerosis. Patients with antibody-associated severe arteriosclerosis had decreased allograft survival and increased mortality (
P
<0.0001); they exhibited a 2.5- and 4.1-fold increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events compared with patients who had severe arteriosclerosis without antibodies and patients with minimal arteriosclerosis, respectively (
P
<0.0005). Circulating donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies were significantly associated with occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 2.4;
P
=0.0004), independently of traditional risk factors.
Conclusions:
Circulating antibodies are major determinants of severe arteriosclerosis and major adverse cardiovascular events, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
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Abstract
Olive oil is considered to be one of the most healthy dietary fats. However, several types of olive oils are present in the market. A key question for the consumer is: What of the olive oils is the best when concerning nutritional purposes? With the data available at present, the answer is: the Virgin Olive Oil (VOO), rich in phenolic compounds. On November 2011, the European Food Safety Authority released a claim concerning the benefits of daily ingestion of olive oil rich in phenolic compounds, such as VOO. In this review, we summarised the key work that has provided the evidence of the benefits of VOO consumption on other types of edible oils, even olive oils. We focused on data from randomised, controlled human studies, which are capable of providing the evidence of Level I that is required for performing nutritional recommendations at population level.
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40
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Zagura M, Kals J, Kilk K, Serg M, Kampus P, Eha J, Soomets U, Zilmer M. Metabolomic signature of arterial stiffness in male patients with peripheral arterial disease. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:840-6. [PMID: 26134123 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is an independent determinant of cardiovascular risk and a marker of subclinical organ damage. Metabolomics may facilitate identification of novel low-molecular cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the present study was to compare metabolic signatures and functional-biochemical characteristics of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and clinically healthy subjects. We studied 42 men with symptomatic PAD (aged 66±7 years) and 46 healthy men (aged 66±8 years). Aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) was assessed by applanation tonometry using the Sphygmocor device. Metabolic profiling was performed with high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The aPWV as well as serum levels of lactate, free carnitine and 11 amino acids including tyrosine were higher among the patients with PAD. In contrast, serum levels of pyruvate, citrate, α-ketoglutarate, aconitate and cysteine were higher in the control group. In multiple regression models, aPWV was independently determined by log-tyrosine and log-oxLDL in the patients (R(2)=0.61; P<0.001) and by age, log-pyruvate and log-oxLDL in the controls (R(2)=0.52; P<0.001). Our study describes for the first time significant differences in metabolomic signature of patients with advanced atherosclerosis compared with clinically healthy controls. The aPWV is independently associated with serum levels of tyrosine and oxLDL in the patients with PAD and is related to pyruvate and oxLDL levels in the control group. The measurement of low-molecular metabolites, which are related to changes in vascular phenotypes, may lead to identification of novel vascular risk markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Zagura
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Endothelial Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Cardiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Kals
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Endothelial Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kalle Kilk
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Serg
- Endothelial Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Cardiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Priit Kampus
- Endothelial Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Cardiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaan Eha
- Endothelial Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Cardiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ursel Soomets
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Zilmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Endothelial Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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41
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Silva ITD, Almeida-Pititto BD, Ferreira SRG. Reassessing lipid metabolism and its potentialities in the prediction of cardiovascular risk. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2015; 59:171-80. [PMID: 25993681 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous particles, enzymes, and mechanisms in the lipid metabolism that are involved in the genesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given its prevalence in populations and its impact on mortality, it is relevant to review the lipid metabolism as it may potentially provide subsidies to better prediction. This article reviews the importance of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and comments on the potential of novel lipid biomarkers involved in the physiopathology of CVD. The Framingham cohorts proved the role of traditional risk factors (physical inactivity, smoking, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, plasma glucose) in the prediction of cardiovascular events. However, a significant number of individuals that suffer from a cardiovascular event has few or none of these factors. Such finding indicates the need for new biomarkers able to identify plaques that are more susceptible to rupture. Some of bloodstream biomarkers related to lipid metabolism are modified LDL particles, apolipoprotein AI (apo AI), apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)], cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), subtypes of LDL and HDL particles, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). These factors participate in the atherosclerotic process, and are abnormal in individuals at high risk, or in those who suffered from a cardiovascular event. Lp (a) determination is already employed in clinical practice and should be included as a reference parameter for CVD monitoring. Furthermore, there are expectations for wider use of apo B, non-HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol / HDL-C determination to improve cardiovascular risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Tande da Silva
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Roberta G Ferreira
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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42
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Lados-Krupa A, Konieczynska M, Chmiel A, Undas A. Increased Oxidation as an Additional Mechanism Underlying Reduced Clot Permeability and Impaired Fibrinolysis in Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:456189. [PMID: 26357663 PMCID: PMC4556060 DOI: 10.1155/2015/456189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We sought to investigate whether enhanced oxidation contributes to unfavorable fibrin clot properties in patients with diabetes. METHODS We assessed plasma fibrin clot permeation (K s , a measure of the pore size in fibrin networks) and clot lysis time induced by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (CLT) in 163 consecutive type 2 diabetic patients (92 men and 71 women) aged 65 ± 8.8 years with a mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 6.8%. We also measured oxidative stress markers, including nitrotyrosine, the soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α ), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and advanced glycation end products (AGE). RESULTS There were inverse correlations between K s and nitrotyrosine, sRAGE, 8-iso-PGF2α , and oxLDL. CLT showed a positive correlation with oxLDL and nitrotyrosine but not with other oxidation markers. All these associations remained significant for K s after adjustment for fibrinogen, disease duration, and HbA1c (all P < 0.05), while oxLDL was the only independent predictor of CLT. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that enhanced oxidative stress adversely affects plasma fibrin clot properties in type 2 diabetic patients, regardless of disease duration and glycemia control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lados-Krupa
- Beskid Oncology Center, John Paul II Hospital, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | | | - Artur Chmiel
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Hospital, Rybnik, Poland
| | - Anetta Undas
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- *Anetta Undas:
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43
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Sivam S, Witting PK, Hoyos CM, Maw AM, Yee BJ, Grunstein RR, Phillips CL. Effects of 8 weeks of CPAP on lipid-based oxidative markers in obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized trial. J Sleep Res 2014; 24:339-45. [PMID: 25533591 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidaemia and increased oxidative stress have been reported in severe obstructive sleep apnea, and both may be related to the development of cardiovascular disease. We have previously shown in a randomized crossover study in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea that therapeutic continuous positive airway pressure treatment for 8 weeks improved postprandial triglycerides and total cholesterol when compared with sham continuous positive airway pressure. From this study we have now compared the effect of 8 weeks of therapeutic continuous positive airway pressure and sham continuous positive airway pressure on oxidative lipid damage and plasma lipophilic antioxidant levels. Unesterified cholesterol, esterified unsaturated fatty acids (cholesteryl linoleate: C18:2; and cholesteryl arachidonate: C20:4; the major unsaturated and oxidizable lipids in low-density lipoproteins), their corresponding oxidized products [cholesteryl ester-derived lipid hydroperoxides and hydroxides (CE-O(O)H)] and antioxidant vitamin E were assessed at 20:30 hours before sleep, and at 06:00 and 08:30 hours after sleep. Amongst the 29 patients completing the study, three had incomplete or missing [CE-O(O)H] data. The mean apnea -hypopnoea index, age and body mass index were 38 per hour, 49 years and 32 kg m(-2) , respectively. No differences in lipid-based oxidative markers or lipophilic antioxidant levels were observed between the continuous positive airway pressure and sham continuous positive airway pressure arms at any of the three time-points [unesterified cholesterol 0.01 mm, P > 0.05; cholesteryl linoleate: C18:2 0.05 mm, P > 0.05; cholesteryl arachidonate: C20:4 0.02 mm, P = 0.05; CE-O(O)H 2.5 nm, P > 0.05; and lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin E 0.03 μm, P > 0.05]. In this study, accumulating CE-O(O)H, a marker of lipid oxidation, does not appear to play a role in oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Sivam
- Sleep & Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Sleep Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul K Witting
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Camilla M Hoyos
- Sleep & Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Sleep Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aung M Maw
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendon J Yee
- Sleep & Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Sleep Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald R Grunstein
- Sleep & Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Sleep Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig L Phillips
- Sleep & Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Sleep Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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44
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Hu LH, Yu Y, Jin SX, Nie P, Cai ZH, Cui ML, Sun SQ, Xiao H, Shao Q, Shen LH, He B. Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 Inhibits Oxidized LDL-induced differentiation of RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line into dendritic like cells. BMC Immunol 2014; 15:54. [PMID: 25471687 PMCID: PMC4274730 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-014-0054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nur77 is an orphan nuclear receptor expressed in human atheroma. In vascular cells in vitro, Nur77 expression is induced by pro-inflammatory factors, such as oxidized LDL (oxLDL). Methods We analyze the role of Nur77 in the oxLDL-induced differentiation of macrophages into dendritic cells (DC). The murine RAW264.7 macrophage cell line was stably transfected with expression plasmids encoding either GFP or GFP fusions with either full-length Nur77 (GFP-Nur77), Nur77 lacking the DNA binding domain (GFP-Nur77-ΔDBD) or Nur77 lacking the transactivation domain (GFP-Nur77-ΔTAD). Results GFP-Nur77 overexpression significantly suppressed the effect of oxLDL treatment on DC morphologic changes, expression of DC maturation markers, endocytic activity, allogeneic activation of T cell proliferation, and the activity and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Analysis of GFP-Nur77-ΔTAD and GFP-Nur77-ΔDBD indicated that the Nur77 DNA binding and transactivation domains were both required for this effect. GFP-Nur77-ΔDBD consistently had the opposite effect to GFP-Nur77, increasing DC-type differentiation in all assays. Interestingly, GFP-Nur77-ΔDBD protein was cytosolic, whereas GFP-Nur77 and GFP-Nur77-ΔTAD were both nuclear. Conclusions These data show that GFP-Nur77 inhibited differentiation of oxLDL-treated macrophages into DC. The effects of Nur77 on the macrophage phenotype may involve changes in its subcellular distribution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-014-0054-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Hua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu-Xuan Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao-Hua Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Li Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi-Qun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling-Hong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
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Kals J, Lieberg J, Kampus P, Zagura M, Eha J, Zilmer M. Prognostic impact of arterial stiffness in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014; 48:308-15. [PMID: 24962743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arterial stiffness (AS) is increasingly recognized as an independent risk factor in different high-risk populations. Whether changes in AS can predict prognosis in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has never been investigated. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that AS is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in patients with symptomatic PAD. METHODS A cohort of 117 symptomatic PAD patients (aged 62.3 ± 7.7 years) were prospectively recruited from the Department of Vascular Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, between 2002 and 2010. The AS was measured using pulse wave analysis and assessment of pulse wave velocity (PWV). RESULTS During the follow-up period (mean 4.1 ± 2.2 years) there were 32 fatal events. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the probability of all-cause and CVD mortality decreased with increasing small artery elasticity (SAE), as estimated by the log-rank test (p = .004; p = .005, respectively). By contrast, large artery elasticity, augmentation index, and aortic and brachial PWV were not significantly related to mortality. In a Cox proportional hazard model, SAE above the median was associated with decreased all-cause and CVD mortality after adjustment for confounding factors: relative risk (RR), 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.17-0.81; p = .01; RR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.01-0.86; p = .04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence, obtained from an observational study, that decreased small artery elasticity is an independent predictor of all-cause and CVD mortality in patients with symptomatic PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kals
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Endothelial Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Vascular Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - J Lieberg
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Surgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - P Kampus
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Endothelial Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Cardiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Zagura
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Endothelial Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Eha
- Endothelial Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Cardiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Zilmer
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Endothelial Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Trivedi I, Rinella ME. NAFLD and Cardiovascular Disease: Can the Real Association Be Determined? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11901-014-0231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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