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McBride P, Henson J, Edwardson CL, Maylor B, Dempsey PC, Rowlands AV, Davies MJ, Khunti K, Yates T. Four-Year Increase in Step Cadence Is Associated with Improved Cardiometabolic Health in People with a History of Prediabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1601-1609. [PMID: 37005498 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate associations between 4-yr change in step cadence and markers of cardiometabolic health in people with a history of prediabetes and to explore whether these associations are modified by demographic factors. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, adults, with a history of prediabetes, were assessed for markers of cardiometabolic health (body mass index, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], triglycerides, and glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]), and free-living stepping activity (activPAL3™) at baseline, 1 yr, and 4 yr. Brisk steps per day were defined as the number of steps accumulated at ≥100 steps per minute and slow steps per day as those accumulated at <100 steps per minute; the mean peak stepping cadence during the most active 10 minutes of the day was also derived. Generalized estimating equations examined associations between 4-yr change in step cadence and change in cardiometabolic risk factors, with interactions by sex and ethnicity. RESULTS Seven hundred ninety-four participants were included (age, 59.8 ± 8.9 yr; 48.7% women; 27.1% ethnic minority; total steps per day, 8445 ± 3364; brisk steps per day, 4794 ± 2865; peak 10-min step cadence, 128 ± 10 steps per minute). Beneficial associations were observed between change in brisk steps per day and change in body mass index, waist circumference, HDL-C, and HbA1c. Similar associations were found between peak 10-min step cadence and HDL-C and waist circumference. Interactions by ethnicity revealed change in brisk steps per day and change in peak 10-min step cadence had a stronger association with HbA1c in White Europeans, whereas associations between change in 10-min peak step cadence with measures of adiposity were stronger in South Asians. CONCLUSIONS Change in the number of daily steps accumulated at a brisk pace was associated with beneficial change in adiposity, HDL-C, and HbA1c; however, potential benefits may be dependent on ethnicity for outcomes related to HbA1c and adiposity.
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Boyer W, Toth L, Brenton M, Augé R, Churilla J, Fitzhugh E. The role of resistance training in influencing insulin resistance among adults living with obesity/overweight without diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:279-287. [PMID: 37331899 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the independent effect of resistance training (RT) on markers of insulin resistance (IR) (fasting insulin and HOMA-IR) among individuals with overweight/obesity without diabetes. PubMed, SPORTdiscus, SCOPUS, Prospero, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched through December 19, 2022. Article screening was conducted in three phases: title screen (n = 5020), abstract screen (n = 202), and full text screen (n = 73). A total of 27 studies with 402 individual data points were used for the meta-analysis. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 3.0 was used to interpret pre- and post-IR measurements with a random-effects model. Exploratory sub-analyses were conducted on studies for only females, only males, and age (< 40 and ≥ 40 years). RT had a significant effect on fasting insulin (- 1.03, 95 % CI - 1.03, - 0.75 p < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (- 1.05, 95 % CI - 1.33, - 0.76, p < 0.001). Sub-analyses revealed that males had a more pronounced effect compared to females and those < 40 years of age had a more pronounced effect compared to those ≥ 40 years. The results of this meta-analysis illustrate that RT plays an independent role in improving IR among adults with overweight/obesity. RT should continue to be recommended as part of preventive measures among these populations. Future studies examining the effect of RT on IR should consider dose centered on the current U.S. physical activity guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Boyer
- California Baptist University, Department of Kinesiology, 8432 Magnolia Ave., Riverside, CA 92504, United States of America.
| | - Lindsay Toth
- University of North Florida, Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, 1 UNF Dr., Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States of America
| | - Madison Brenton
- California Baptist University, Department of Kinesiology, 8432 Magnolia Ave., Riverside, CA 92504, United States of America
| | - Robert Augé
- University of Tennessee, Department of Plant Sciences, 2505 E J. Chapman Dr., Knoxville, TN 37919, United States of America
| | - James Churilla
- University of North Florida, Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, 1 UNF Dr., Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States of America
| | - Eugene Fitzhugh
- University of Tennessee, Department of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sports Studies, 1914 Andy Holt Ave, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
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Rohmansyah NA, Ka Praja R, Phanpheng Y, Hiruntrakul A. High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training for Improving Physical Health in Elderly Women. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580231172870. [PMID: 37158072 PMCID: PMC10184247 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231172870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In elderly women, a lack of regular physical exercise may result in faster decreases in general health and functional performance. Although high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) have been effectively applied in young and clinical groups, there is no evidence to support their use in elderly women to achieve health benefits. Thus, the major goal of this study was to investigate how HIIT affected health-related outcomes in elderly women. Twenty-four inactive elderly women agreed to participate in the 16-week HIIT and MICT intervention. Body composition, insulin resistance, blood lipids, functional capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and quality of life were all measured before and after the intervention. The number of differences between groups was determined using Cohen's effect sizes, and the pre-post intra-group changes were compared using paired t-tests. Using 2 × 2 ANOVA, the time × group interaction effects between HIIT and MICT were evaluated. Body fat percentage, sagittal abdominal diameter, waist circumference, and hip circumference all were improved significantly in the 2 groups. HIIT substantially improved fasting plasma glucose and cardiorespiratory fitness as compared to the MICT. HIIT improved the lipid profile and functional ability more significantly compared to the MICT group. These findings show that HIIT is a useful exercise for improving elderly women's physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rian Ka Praja
- Universitas Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
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Li Y, Li X, Yu B, Li J, He R, Nima Q, Zhou J. Association between chronic disease multimorbidity and leisure-time physical activity: Evidence from the China Multiethnic Cohort study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:874456. [PMID: 35966842 PMCID: PMC9363590 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.874456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To reveal the associations between multimorbidity and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) by ethnicities in China. Materials and methods Self-reported information on a range of occupational, household, transport, and LTPA was collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire. A total of 17 chronic diseases were assessed based on self-reported lifetime diagnoses or medical examinations. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between multimorbidity and the risks of low LTPA. Results The mean age of all participants was 51.2 years old. Of all, 61.4% were women and 57.9% were from the Han population. A significantly negative association (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.89–0.95) was found between multimorbidity and low LTPA, with a stronger association among minority populations (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.82–0.91) than among the Han population (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92–1.01). For both the minority population and the Han population, digestive system multimorbidity and digestive-metabolic system multimorbidity had a significantly negative association with low LTPA. For the Han population, the association of intersystem multimorbidity for the circulatory-respiratory system (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.04–1.31) with low LTPA was stronger than that of intrasystem multimorbidity for the circulatory (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01–1.25) and respiratory systems (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.04–1.25). Conclusion There are significant associations between multimorbidity and low LTPA based on this large multiethnic population. Our findings suggest that LTPA-tailored interventions should be designed for specific ethnic groups according to different types of multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Li
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, China
| | - Xianzhi Li
- Clinical Research Center, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, China
- Meteorological Medical Research Center, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University - Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingzhong Li
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, China
| | - Ruifeng He
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, China
| | - Qucuo Nima
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, China
- *Correspondence: Qucuo Nima,
| | - Junmin Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Junmin Zhou,
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5
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Kidokoro T, Tomkinson GR, Noi S, Suzuki K. Japanese physical fitness surveillance: a greater need for international publications that utilize the world’s best physical fitness database. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.11.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- Research Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University
| | - Grant R. Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia
| | - Shingo Noi
- Research Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University
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6
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Nagayama C, Burns SF, Thackray AE, Stensel DJ, Miyashita M. Postprandial Metabolism and Physical Activity in Asians: A Narrative Review. Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:953-966. [PMID: 34374040 PMCID: PMC8486483 DOI: 10.1055/a-1493-2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The widespread benefits of physical activity in enhancing health and lowering the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases are well established across populations globally. Nevertheless, the prevalence of several lifestyle-related chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, varies markedly across countries and ethnicities. Direct ethnic comparative studies on the health benefits of physical activity are sparse and evidence-based physical activity guidelines are not ethnicity-specific. Indeed, physical activity guidelines in some Asian countries were developed primarily based on data from Western populations even though the magnitude of potential benefit may not be the same among different ethnic groups. Unfavorable diurnal perturbations in postprandial triglycerides and glucose are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This narrative review summarizes differences in these risk factors primarily between individuals of Asian and white European descent but also within different Asian groups. Moreover, the variable effects of physical activity on mitigating risk factors among these ethnic groups are highlighted along with the underlying metabolic and hormonal factors that potentially account for these differences. Future ethnic comparative studies should include investigations in understudied ethnic groups, such as those of East Asian origin, given that the effectiveness of physical activity for ameliorating cardiovascular disease varies even among Asian groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Nagayama
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Stephen F Burns
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Alice E Thackray
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - David J Stensel
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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7
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Tian X, Kidokoro T, Mwangi FM. Sociocultural Dimensions of Children's Physical Activity in Contemporary Pastoralist Maasai Society. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8337. [PMID: 34444099 PMCID: PMC8391585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Children's physical activity (CPA) in low- and middle-income regions has received increasing attention, but research is still very limited. This study explores the CPA in contemporary pastoralist Maasai society in rural Kenya by considering its sociocultural dimensions. The physical activity of 25 children (15 girls and 10 boys) was documented with mixed methods, including an epidemiological assessment of the CPA and semi-structured interviews with the targeted children regarding their daily activities. These methods were integrated with the ethnographic data on children's socialization in the same area. Results showed a very high level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of these children with significant gender differences especially outside school. Children reported their continued social participation in local gender-age labor divisions outside of school. As their activities outside school strongly contributed to their empirical learning of local knowledge and skills, a high MVPA plays an active role in enhancing the children's ability to access and manage livestock and different natural resources. Findings from this study first show that the CPA is not merely physical, but also has significant sociocultural meanings in the process of in situ learning of local wisdom. We call more attention to children's social roles in future investigations of CPA among less examined populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Tian
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan;
| | - Francis Mundia Mwangi
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise & Sports Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi 43844-0010, Kenya;
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8
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Boyer WR, Bassett DR, Fitzhugh EC, Milano AN, Churilla JR, Toth LP, Richardson MR. Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors by Race-Ethnicity: 2003-2006 NHANES. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:1607-1615. [PMID: 34292527 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that the magnitude of morbidity/mortality reduction may differ between race-ethnic groups despite equated dose of physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to compare the potential racial-ethnic differences in cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) across quartiles of accelerometer-derived total activity counts/day (TAC/d) among US adults. The final sample (n=4144) included adults who participated in the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). CMRF included fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI), HOMA-IR, resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist circumference (WC), BMI, CRP, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides. Race-ethnic groups examined included non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Hispanic black (NHB), and Mexican American (MA). In the highest quartile, NHW had significantly lower values of HOMA-IR, FI, SBP, BMI, WC, and HDL-C when compared to NHB. Compared to MA in the highest quartile, NHW had significantly lower values of HOMA-IR, FI, BMI, and triglycerides. Significant race-ethnic differences were found for several CMRF, especially among those who were in the top quartile of PA (e.g., the most active adults). It is probable that the protective effect of higher volumes of PA on CMRF is moderated by other non-PA factors distinct to NHB and MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Boyer
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, 8432 Magnolia Ave, Riverside, CA, 92504, USA.
| | - David R Bassett
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, 1914 Andy Holt Avenue, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Eugene C Fitzhugh
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, 1914 Andy Holt Avenue, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Allison N Milano
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, 8432 Magnolia Ave, Riverside, CA, 92504, USA
| | - James R Churilla
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Lindsay P Toth
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Michael R Richardson
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
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9
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Astorino TA, De Revere JL. Effect of Ethnicity on Changes in Fat and Carbohydrate Oxidation in Response to Short-Term High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT): A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084314. [PMID: 33921694 PMCID: PMC8072605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study compared changes in substrate metabolism with high intensity interval training (HIIT) in women of different ethnicities. Twelve Caucasian (C) and ten Hispanic women (H) (age = 24 ± 5 yr) who were inactive completed nine sessions of HIIT at 85 percent peak power output (%PPO). Pre-training, changes in fat oxidation (FOx) and carbohydrate oxidation (CHOOx) during progressive cycling were measured on two days to compute the minimum difference (MD). This test was repeated after the last training session. Between baseline tests, estimates of FOx and CHOOx were not different (p > 0.05) and were highly related (intraclass correlation coefficient equal to 0.72 to 0.88), although the coefficient of variation of maximal fat oxidation (MFO) was equal to 30%. Training significantly increased MFO (p = 0.03) in C (0.19 ± 0.06 g/min to 0.21 ± 0.06 g/min, d = 0.66) and H (0.16 ± 0.03 g/min to 0.19 ± 0.03 g/min, d = 1.3) that was similar (p = 0.92) between groups. There was a significant interaction for FOx (p = 0.003) as it was only increased in H versus C, although both groups exhibited reduced CHO oxidation (p = 0.002) with training. Use of MD revealed that only 3 of 22 women show meaningful increases in MFO (>0.08 g/min). The preliminary data reveals that a small dose of low-volume HIIT does not alter fat and CHO oxidation and there is little effect of ethnicity on the response to training.
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10
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Panciera-di-Zoppola Y, Niño-Restrepo J, Melo-Freile J, Ortiz-Moncada R. Levels of Physical Activity in the Adult Population of La Guajira, Colombia: A Focus on Ethnicity. Front Public Health 2021; 8:610679. [PMID: 33614568 PMCID: PMC7890181 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.610679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyze the physical activity levels among the ethnic groups in La Guajira, Colombia, according to the different ethnic groups and their sociodemographic factors. With regards to ethnic groups, two groups were studied, ethnic (Indigenous and Afro-Colombian) and non-ethnic (White or Mestizo). In order to obtain the relevant data a non-probability sample of 251 people of ≥18 years of age were asked to complete the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). In this analysis, physical activity (METs.min−1) levels were considered as the dependent variable, while the independent variables were linked to the sociodemographic factors: sex, age, social class, civil status, educational level, and municipality of residence. The individuals were then categorized based on their physical activity levels and their compliance with the World Health Organization's (WHO) physical activity recommendations. Next, using the sociodemographic variables, regression models were made to determine the likelihood of the participants meeting these physical activity targets; these models found that 78.1% of the studied participants met the targets. According to the results of the bivariate analysis, participants of ≥47 years of age, and those with only a primary education presented a lower probability of complying with the physical activity recommendations, while those who lived in large municipalities (Riohacha) displayed a larger probability of compliance [OR = 2.16; 95% CI: (1.18–3.96)]. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis showed that Indigenous and Afro-Colombian people in a low social class are more likely to comply with the physical activity recommendations [ORad = 4.88; 95% CI: (1.31–18.1)], while residing in a smaller municipality (Manaure) is associated with a lower probability of compliance [ORad = 0.39; 95% CI: (0.16–0.91)]. In addition, the educated participants were shown to be active and to comply with the physical activity recommendations is to a high degree, even when compared with national and global results. In the ethnic group however, low social class stood out as the sociodemographic factor most associated with high physical activity, while Afro-Colombians were shown to be more active than the Indigenous people. The results of this study offer evidence that can either form a base for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaina Panciera-di-Zoppola
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, History of Science, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Faculty of Education, Bachelor's Degree in Physical Education, Recreation and Sports, University of La Guajira, Riohacha, Colombia.,Guajira Research Group, University of La Guajira, Riohacha, Colombia.,Food and Nutrition Research Group (ALINUT), University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Niño-Restrepo
- Faculty of Education, Bachelor's Degree in Physical Education, Recreation and Sports, University of La Guajira, Riohacha, Colombia.,Guajira Research Group, University of La Guajira, Riohacha, Colombia.,National Training Service (SENA), Caldas, Colombia
| | - José Melo-Freile
- Guajira Research Group, University of La Guajira, Riohacha, Colombia.,Faculty of Engineering, University of La Guajira, Riohacha, Colombia
| | - Rocío Ortiz-Moncada
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, History of Science, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Food and Nutrition Research Group (ALINUT), University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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11
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De Revere JL, Clausen RD, Astorino TA. Changes in VO2max and cardiac output in response to short-term high-intensity interval training in Caucasian and Hispanic young women: A pilot study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244850. [PMID: 33481836 PMCID: PMC7822506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Data obtained in primarily Caucasian (C) and African American adults show that ethnicity does not mediate responsiveness to exercise training. It is unknown if Hispanics (H), who face elevated health risks and are less active than C, exhibit a similar response to exercise training. This study compared cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic responses to high intensity interval training (HIIT) between C and H women. Twelve C and ten H women ages 19–35 yr who were non-obese and inactive completed nine sessions of HIIT over a 3 wk period. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was assessed twice at baseline during which thoracic impedance was used to evaluate heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO). Habitual physical activity was assessed using accelerometry. Results showed a significant main effect of training for VO2max in C and H (F = 13.97, p = 0.001) and no group by training interaction (p = 0.65). There was a main effect of training for CO and SV in C and H (F = 7.57, p = 0.01; F = 7.16, p = 0.02), yet post hoc analyses revealed significant increases were only exhibited in C. There was a tendency for a group by training interaction for a-VO2diff (F = 1.32, p = 0.054), and a large effect size was seen in H (d = 1.02). Overall, data show no effect of ethnicity on changes in VO2max with low-volume HIIT, yet C and H may achieve this outcome differently. Longer studies in similar populations are needed to verify this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. De Revere
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University—San Marcos, San Marcos, California, United States of America
| | - Rasmus D. Clausen
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University—San Marcos, San Marcos, California, United States of America
| | - Todd A. Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University—San Marcos, San Marcos, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Wongpipit W, Huang WY, Miyashita M, Tian XY, Wong SHS. Frequency of interruptions to prolonged sitting and postprandial metabolic responses in young, obese, Chinese men. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1376-1385. [PMID: 33460358 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1874170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of 3-min light-intensity walking every 30 min (3-min) and 6-min light-intensity walking every 60 min (6-min) compared with prolonged sitting (SIT) on the postprandial metabolic responses in young, centrally obese, Chinese men. Twenty-one Chinese men with central obesity (age, 23 ± 4 years; body mass index, 29.8 ± 3.2 kg·m-2; waist circumference, 98.7 ± 7.1 cm; mean ± SD) underwent three 6-h experiments with a 7-day washout period, SIT, 3-min, and 6-min, in randomized order. Compared with SIT, neither walking condition showed differences in total and net incremental area under the curve (tAUC and iAUC, respectively) for glucose, insulin, nor non-esterified fatty acids. The tAUC and iAUC for triglycerides for the SIT condition (10.8 [9.3, 12.2] and 4.4 [3.7, 5.1] mmol·h·L-1, respectively; mean [95% confidence interval]) was higher than 3-min (10.4 [9.0, 11.8] and 3.8 [3.3, 4.3] mmol·h·L-1, respectively, both Ps <0.05) and 6-min (9.6 [8.1, 11.0] and 3.5 [2.9, 4.2] mmol·h·L-1, respectively, both Ps <0.01) conditions. Interrupting prolonged sitting regardless of frequency-reduced postprandial triglycerides. A higher volume of physical activity may be required to obtain greater glycaemic benefits in young Chinese men with central obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waris Wongpipit
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., The People's Republic of China.,Division of Health and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wendy Yajun Huang
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong S.A.R., The People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xiao Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., The People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., The People's Republic of China
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13
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Boyer WR, Ehrlich SF, Crouter SE, Churilla JR, Fitzhugh EC. Leisure-time aerobic physical activity and the risk of diabetes-related mortality: An analysis of effect modification by race-ethnicity. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107763. [PMID: 33109437 PMCID: PMC8291360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the relationship between aerobic moderate-to-vigorous intensity leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and the risk of diabetes-related mortality in the NHANES III (1988-1994) while considering potential effect modification by race-ethnicity. METHODS The study sample (n = 14,006) included adults, 20-79 years of age, with Mobile Examination Center (MEC) data. An age-standardized physical activity score (PAS) was calculated from the self-reported frequency and intensity of 12 leisure-time aerobic activities. Three categories of PA were examined: inactive (PAS = 0), insufficiently active (PAS >0-<10), and active (PAS ≥10). Diabetes-related mortality was defined as death from diabetes mellitus. Cox Proportional Hazard models were used all analyses. RESULTS A statistically significant reduction in risk was found for insufficiently active (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.40-0.90) and active non-Hispanic black (NHB) (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34-0.88). Among active non-Hispanic white (NHW), a similar pattern of risk reduction was found, however, this relationship was borderline significance (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35-1.02, p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Any volume of aerobic LTPA is beneficial in terms of reducing the risk of diabetes-related mortality. However, these benefits may differ by racial-ethnic group, with further research on health disparities in the area of PA being warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Boyer
- Deparment of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, 8432 Magnolia Ave, Riverside, CA 92504, United States of America.
| | - Samantha F Ehrlich
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1914 Andy Holt Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - Scott E Crouter
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sports Studies, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1914 Andy Holt Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - James R Churilla
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States of America
| | - Eugene C Fitzhugh
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sports Studies, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1914 Andy Holt Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
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Müller-Riemenschneider F, Hong Y, Tan KHX, van Dam RM, Uijtdewilligen L. The Association of Different Types of Leisure Time Physical Activities with Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Singapore-Findings from the Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239030. [PMID: 33287415 PMCID: PMC7731378 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the association between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) subtypes and cardiometabolic outcomes in the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort (MEC). Self-reported data on socio-demographics, lifestyle factors, LTPA subtypes, and health screening data on body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), triglycerides (TG), and HDL-and LDL cholesterol were collected. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used adjusting for confounders. The mean age of 9768 participants was 45.2 ± 12.5 years (57.3% female, 47.3% Chinese, 26.0% Malay, and 26.8% Indians). Overall, 65.8% engaged in LTPA, and walking, strength/fitness and running were most common. Higher total LTPA was associated with lower WC, DBP, TG, a trend towards lower BMI, and higher SBP and HDL. Running was beneficially associated with all outcomes except for SBP and LDL. Balance exercises (BMI, SBP and DBP), cycling (BMI, WC and HDL), and strength/fitness (BMI, WC, TG and HDL) were also favorably associated with a number of outcomes, whereas ball games (DBP and TG), dancing (HDL) and other LTPA (DBP) were only favorably associated with selected outcomes. Unfavorable associations were found for total LTPA (SBP), strength/fitness (SBP), golf (DBP) and swimming (BMI and WC). Further research is warranted to inform future health promotion efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (Y.H.); (K.H.X.T.); (R.M.v.D.); (L.U.)
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Digital Health Center, Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Yueheng Hong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (Y.H.); (K.H.X.T.); (R.M.v.D.); (L.U.)
| | - Kristin Hui Xian Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (Y.H.); (K.H.X.T.); (R.M.v.D.); (L.U.)
| | - Rob M. van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (Y.H.); (K.H.X.T.); (R.M.v.D.); (L.U.)
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Léonie Uijtdewilligen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (Y.H.); (K.H.X.T.); (R.M.v.D.); (L.U.)
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15
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Kim D, Vazquez-Montesino LM, Li AA, Cholankeril G, Ahmed A. Inadequate Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Are Independent Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hepatology 2020; 72:1556-1568. [PMID: 32012316 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In general, physical activity (PA) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have an inverse association. However, studies assessing the impact of the widely accepted Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PA Guidelines) on NAFLD are lacking. APPROACH AND RESULTS We performed a serial, cross-sectional analysis among adults by using the 2007-2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. NAFLD and advanced fibrosis were defined by using various noninvasive panels. A PA questionnaire assessed the leisure-time PA, occupation-related PA, transportation-related PA, and total sitting time as sedentary behavior. PA was categorized according to the PA Guidelines. Of the 24,588 individuals (mean age, 47.4 years; 47.9% males), leisure-time PA (≥150 minutes per week) demonstrated 40% lower odds of NAFLD, whereas transportation-related PA was associated with a 33% risk reduction in NAFLD. Analysis of total PA and sitting times simultaneously showed a dose-response association between sitting time and NAFLD (P for trend < 0.001). Compliance with the PA Guidelines was lower in individuals with NAFLD versus those without NAFLD. The trends in compliance with the PA Guidelines for any type of PA remained stable in individuals with NAFLD except for a downtrend in transportation-related PA. In contrast, an improvement in compliance with the PA Guidelines for leisure time was noted in the cohort without NAFLD. Although PA demonstrated a 10% stronger association with risk reduction of NAFLD in women, women showed a lower tendency of meeting the PA Guidelines. Trends in total sitting time increased significantly regardless of NAFLD status. CONCLUSIONS Sedentary behavior emerged as an independent predictor of NAFLD. Overall compliance with the PA Guidelines was lower in the cohort with NAFLD, with sex- and ethnicity-based differences. Implementation of these observations in clinical practice may improve our understanding as well as clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Andrew A Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - George Cholankeril
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Aijaz Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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16
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Impact of Acute Eccentric versus Concentric Running on Exercise-Induced Fat Oxidation and Postexercise Physical Activity in Untrained Men. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2608730. [PMID: 32766306 PMCID: PMC7387993 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2608730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed at comparing the rate of exercise-induced fat oxidation and postexercise free-living physical activity after constant-load flat running (FR) and downhill running (DHR) bouts at an intensity that elicited maximal fat oxidation. Methods Participants were 11 healthy untrained men (mean age 25.6 ± 3.3 years; VO2max39.11 ± 8.05 ml/kg/min). The study included four visits. The first two visits determined the intensity of maximal fat oxidation during incremental FR and DHR tests. The second two visits involved constant-load FR or DHR at the intensity that elicited maximal fat oxidation in a counterbalanced order separated by two weeks. Gas exchange analysis was used to measure substrate oxidation during all exercise sessions. Sedentary time and physical activity were measured using ActiGraph triaxial accelerometers for three days including the day of exercise tests (the second day). Results During the incremental exercise tests, fat oxidation was significantly greater during the first stage of FR (P < 0.05) but started to increase during the fourth stage of DHR, although this did not reach significance. Of the 11 participants, 7 had greater fat oxidation during DHR. During continuous constant-load running, fat oxidation was higher during DHR than FR but at only two stages was either significant or borderline significant, and the time/group interaction was not significant. There was no significant effect on sedentary time of time/group interaction (P = 0.769), but there was a significant effect of time (P = 0.005), and there was no significant effect on total physical activity of time/group interaction (P = 0.283) or time (P = 0.602). Conclusion Acute aerobic eccentric exercise at an intensity eliciting maximal fat oxidation enhanced exercise-induced fat oxidation without worsening postexercise free-living physical activity, indicating it could be a useful training modality in weight management programs.
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Nashandi HL, Reilly JJ, Janssen X. Public health surveillance of habitual physical activity in adolescents and adults in Namibia: a cross-sectional validation of activity questionnaires against accelerometry. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 43:e706-e712. [PMID: 32542399 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring population-level physical activity is crucial for examining adherence to global guidelines and addressing obesity. This study validated self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) against an accurate device-based method in Namibia. METHODS Adolescent girls (n = 52, mean age 16.2 years [SD 1.6]) and adult women (n = 51, mean age 31.3 years [SD 4.7]) completed the PACE+/GPAQ self-report questionnaires and were asked to wear an Actigraph accelerometer for 7 days. Validity of self-reported MVPA was assessed using rank-order correlations between self-report and accelerometry, and classification ability of the questionnaires with Mann-Whitney tests, kappa's, sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS In the adolescents, Spearman's rank coefficients between self-reported MVPA (days/week) and accelerometry measured MVPA were positive but not significant (r = 0.240; P = 0.104). In the adults, self-reported MVPA (minutes/day) was moderately and significantly correlated with accelerometer-measured MVPA (r = 0.396; P = 0.008). In both groups, there was fair agreement between accelerometry and questionnaire-defined tertiles of MVPA (adolescents κ = 0.267; P = 0.010; adults κ = 0.284; P = 0.008), and measured MVPA was significantly higher in the individuals self-reporting higher MVPA than those reporting lower MVPA. CONCLUSIONS The PACE+ and GPAQ questionnaires have a degree of validity in adolescent girls and adult females in Namibia, though more suitable for population than individual level measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde L Nashandi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - John J Reilly
- Physical Activity for Health Group, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, Scotland
| | - Xanne Janssen
- Physical Activity for Health Group, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, Scotland
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18
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Zheng Q, Lin W, Liu C, Zhou Y, Chen T, Zhang L, Zhang X, Yu S, Wu Q, Jin Z, Zhu Y. Prevalence and epidemiological determinants of metabolically obese but normal-weight in Chinese population. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:487. [PMID: 32293373 PMCID: PMC7161294 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is metabolic heterogeneity in normal-weight individuals, however, there has been limited research in the Chinese population. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, distribution and epidemiological determinants of metabolically obese but normal-weight (MONW) in a Chinese population. METHODS A total of 17,876 normal-weight individuals were recruited from 37,815 individuals in Zhejiang province in southeastern China. Normal-weight was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-23.9 kg/m2. Metabolically abnormal traits were assessed by metabolic syndrome criteria from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2015. MONW was defined as individuals who had at least two metabolically abnormal trait but normal weight. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate MONW risk factors, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The prevalence of metabolic abnormality was 34.1% in normal-weight individuals, and the overall prevalence of MONW was 16.1% in the general population. Different MONW distributions were found between men and women depending on age. Compared with women, men had a significantly higher MONW prevalence among those aged < 45 years old, and there was a lower prevalence for those aged ≥50 years old. Higher BMI or waist circumference (WC), central obesity, menopause, and family histories of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, increased MONW risk. Higher education levels, regular alcohol drinking, and balanced or vegetarian food preferences reduced MONW risk. CONCLUSIONS Normal-weight individuals have metabolic heterogeneity in China. The MONW distribution between men and women depends on age. BMI, WC, dietary factors, and family history of chronic diseases, are associated with metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihua Lin
- Hangzhou MetaWell Technology Co., Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengguo Liu
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Zhoushan, 316100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaohan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianhui Chen
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Zhoushan, 316100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Preventio, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Senhai Yu
- Daicun Town Community Health Service Center, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziqi Jin
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, Zhejiang, China.
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Collings PJ, Farrar D, Gibson J, West J, Barber SE, Wright J. Associations of Pregnancy Physical Activity with Maternal Cardiometabolic Health, Neonatal Delivery Outcomes and Body Composition in a Biethnic Cohort of 7305 Mother-Child Pairs: The Born in Bradford Study. Sports Med 2020; 50:615-628. [PMID: 31559566 PMCID: PMC7018786 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical activity is advocated for a range of benefits to the uncomplicated pregnancy. We investigated associations of mid-pregnancy physical activity with maternal and neonatal health in white British and Pakistani-origin women from a deprived urban setting. METHODS The study was performed in 6921 pregnant women (53% Pakistani-origin) who contributed data for 7305 singleton births. At 26-28 weeks gestation, women were grouped into four activity levels (inactive/somewhat active/moderately active/active) based on their self-reported physical activity. Linear regression with robust standard errors was used to calculate adjusted mean differences in health markers between the four groups of physical activity (reference group: inactive). RESULTS Three-quarters (74%) of Pakistani-origin women and 39% of white British women were inactive. Trend-tests revealed that more active white British women tended to be less adipose, had lower fasting and postload glucose levels, lower triglyceride concentrations, and their babies were less adipose (smaller triceps and subscapular skinfolds) than less active white British women. Somewhat active Pakistani-origin women exhibited lower triglyceride concentrations and systolic blood pressure, higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and their babies were less adipose (smaller mid-upper arm and abdominal circumferences; lower cord-blood leptin concentration) compared to inactive Pakistani-origin women. No associations were observed for gestational age or birth weight. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity performed mid-pregnancy was beneficially associated with maternal cardiometabolic health and neonatal adiposity, without influencing gestational age or birth weight. Associations were dose-dependent in white British women, and even a small amount of mid-pregnancy physical activity appeared to benefit some health markers in Pakistani-origin women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
| | - Diane Farrar
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Joanna Gibson
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Jane West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Sally E Barber
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
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20
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Kidokoro T, Suzuki K, Naito H, Balasekaran G, Song JK, Park SY, Liou YM, Lu D, Poh BK, Kijboonchoo K, Hui SSC. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity attenuates the detrimental effects of television viewing on the cardiorespiratory fitness in Asian adolescents: the Asia-fit study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1737. [PMID: 31881869 PMCID: PMC6933659 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and television viewing are independently associated with cardiorespiratory fitness. However, limited evidence is available on their combined effects, specifically of MVPA and watching television, on cardiorespiratory fitness in the young Asian population. Therefore, the present study examined whether MVPA can attenuate the detrimental effects of prolonged television viewing on the cardiorespiratory fitness of Asian adolescents. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study on 9553 adolescents (aged 12-15 years) from 8 Asian metropolitan cities (Tokyo, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Taipei, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Seoul, and Singapore). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by using a 15-m progressive aerobic capacity endurance run (PACER) test. The time spent on MVPA and watching television was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. RESULTS MVPA was more closely associated with the PACER score than the duration of watching television. Compared with the reference group (i.e. those with the lowest levels of MVPA [< 30 min/day] and the most sedentary [≥3 h/day of television time]), PACER scores were significantly higher for those who met the physical activity recommendation (≥60 min/day in MVPA), regardless of the duration of television viewing. Conversely, girls in the least active group (< 30 min/day of MVPA) who watched television < 1 h/day demonstrated better PACER scores than the reference group. CONCLUSIONS Sufficient MVPA (≥60 min/day) can attenuate the detrimental effects of excessive television viewing with cardiorespiratory fitness in Asian adolescents. In addition, the duration of television viewing had significant but weaker associations with cardiorespiratory fitness compared to MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- Department of Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.,Department of Health & Physical Education, International Christian University, 3-10-2 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8585, Japan
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Department of Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Department of Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Govindasamy Balasekaran
- Physical Education & Sports Science, Nanyang Technological University, NIE5-03-37, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Jong Kook Song
- Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Park
- Graduate School of Education, Yong In University, 134 Cheoin-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Yiing Mei Liou
- School of Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Dajiang Lu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Bee Koon Poh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kallaya Kijboonchoo
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon, 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Stanley Sai-Chuen Hui
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Rm G10, Kwok Sports Building, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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21
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Divney AA, Murillo R, Rodriguez F, Mirzayi CA, Tsui EK, Echeverria SE. Diabetes Prevalence by Leisure-, Transportation-, and Occupation-Based Physical Activity Among Racially/Ethnically Diverse U.S. Adults. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:1241-1247. [PMID: 31221695 PMCID: PMC6609958 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) has been shown to prevent or delay the development of diabetes. However, little research exists examining how other domains of PA (e.g., occupation based [OPA] and transportation based [TPA]) are associated with diabetes prevalence across diverse racial/ethnic groups. We examined associations between OPA, TPA, and LTPA and diabetes prevalence and whether associations differed by race/ethnicity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants in the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) self-reported domain-specific PA. Diabetes status was determined by self-reported doctor/health professional-diagnosis of diabetes or a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement of ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). Multivariable log binomial models examined differences in diabetes prevalence by PA level in each domain and total PA among Latinos (n = 3,931), non-Latino whites (n = 6,079), and non-Latino blacks (n = 3,659). RESULTS Whites reported the highest prevalence of achieving PA guidelines (64.9%), followed by Latinos (61.6%) and non-Latino blacks (60.9%; P < 0.0009). Participants achieving PA guidelines were 19-32% less likely to have diabetes depending on PA domain in adjusted models. Diabetes prevalence was consistently higher among non-Latino blacks (17.1%) and Latinos (14.1%) compared with non-Latino whites (10.7%; P < 0.0001), but interaction results showed the protective effect of PA was similar across PA domain and race/ethnicity-except within TPA, where the protective effect was 4% greater among non-Latino whites compared with Latinos (adjusted difference in risk differences 0.04, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS PA policies and programs, beyond LTPA, can be leveraged to reduce diabetes prevalence among all population groups. Future studies are needed to confirm potentially differential effects of transportation-based active living on diabetes prevalence across race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Divney
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, New York, NY
| | - Rosenda Murillo
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, College of Education, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Fatima Rodriguez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Chloe A Mirzayi
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, New York, NY
| | - Emma K Tsui
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, New York, NY
| | - Sandra E Echeverria
- Department of Public Health Education, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC
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22
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Pastorino S, Bishop T, Crozier SR, Granström C, Kordas K, Küpers LK, O'Brien EC, Polanska K, Sauder KA, Zafarmand MH, Wilson RC, Agyemang C, Burton PR, Cooper C, Corpeleijn E, Dabelea D, Hanke W, Inskip HM, McAuliffe FM, Olsen SF, Vrijkotte TG, Brage S, Kennedy A, O'Gorman D, Scherer P, Wijndaele K, Wareham NJ, Desoye G, Ong KK. Associations between maternal physical activity in early and late pregnancy and offspring birth size: remote federated individual level meta-analysis from eight cohort studies. BJOG 2019; 126:459-470. [PMID: 30230190 PMCID: PMC6330060 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence on the impact of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in pregnancy on birth size is inconsistent. We aimed to examine the association between LTPA during early and late pregnancy and newborn anthropometric outcomes. DESIGN Individual level meta-analysis, which reduces heterogeneity across studies. SETTING A consortium of eight population-based studies (seven European and one US) comprising 72 694 participants. METHODS Generalised linear models with consistent inclusion of confounders (gestational age, sex, parity, maternal age, education, ethnicity, BMI, smoking, and alcohol intake) were used to test associations between self-reported LTPA at either early (8-18 weeks gestation) or late pregnancy (30+ weeks) and the outcomes. Results were pooled using random effects meta-analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Birth weight, large-for-gestational age (LGA), macrosomia, small-for-gestational age (SGA), % body fat, and ponderal index at birth. RESULTS Late, but not early, gestation maternal moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), vigorous activity, and LTPA energy expenditure were modestly inversely associated with BW, LGA, macrosomia, and ponderal index, without heterogeneity (all: I2 = 0%). For each extra hour/week of MVPA, RR for LGA and macrosomia were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96, 0.98) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94, 0.98), respectively. Associations were only modestly reduced after additional adjustments for maternal BMI and gestational diabetes. No measure of LTPA was associated with risk for SGA. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity in late, but not early, pregnancy is consistently associated with modestly lower risk of LGA and macrosomia, but not SGA. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT In an individual participant meta-analysis, late pregnancy moderate to vigorous physical activity modestly reduced birth size outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pastorino
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - T Bishop
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - SR Crozier
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton)Southampton General HospitalSouthamptonUK
| | - C Granström
- Department of Epidemiology ResearchCentre for Fetal ProgrammingState Serum InstituteCopenhagenDenmark
| | - K Kordas
- Epidemiology and Environmental HealthSchool of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA
| | - LK Küpers
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitSchool of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - EC O'Brien
- Obstetrics & GynaecologyUCD Perinatal Research CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity College DublinNational Maternity HospitalDublinIreland
| | - K Polanska
- Department of Environmental EpidemiologyNofer Institute of Occupational MedicineLodzPoland
| | - KA Sauder
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - MH Zafarmand
- Department of Public HealthAmsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics & GynaecologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyBiostatistics and BioinformaticsAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - RC Wilson
- Institute of Health and SocietyNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUK
| | - C Agyemang
- Department of Public HealthAmsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - PR Burton
- Institute of Health and SocietyNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUK
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton)Southampton General HospitalSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - E Corpeleijn
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - D Dabelea
- Department of EpidemiologyColorado School of Public HealthUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusDenverCOUSA
| | - W Hanke
- Department of Environmental EpidemiologyNofer Institute of Occupational MedicineLodzPoland
| | - HM Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton)Southampton General HospitalSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - FM McAuliffe
- Obstetrics & GynaecologyUCD Perinatal Research CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity College DublinNational Maternity HospitalDublinIreland
| | - SF Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology ResearchCentre for Fetal ProgrammingState Serum InstituteCopenhagenDenmark
| | - TG Vrijkotte
- Department of Public HealthAmsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - S Brage
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - A Kennedy
- 3U Diabetes Consortium and School of Health and Human PerformanceDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
- School of Biological SciencesDublin Institute of TechnologyDublinIreland
| | - D O'Gorman
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - P Scherer
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - K Wijndaele
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - NJ Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - G Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics & GynaecologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - KK Ong
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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The mediating role of Mediterranean diet on the association between Lp(a) levels and cardiovascular disease risk: A 10-year follow-up of the ATTICA study. Clin Biochem 2018; 60:33-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Mitchell JB, Paschal AM, Parmelee PA, Murphy PZ. LIVE: A Community-Based Intervention to Reduce CVD Risk Factors in Rural Community-Dwelling African Americans. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2018.1486757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Volgman AS, Palaniappan LS, Aggarwal NT, Gupta M, Khandelwal A, Krishnan AV, Lichtman JH, Mehta LS, Patel HN, Shah KS, Shah SH, Watson KE. Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in South Asians in the United States: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Treatments: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018; 138:e1-e34. [PMID: 29794080 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
South Asians (from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) make up one quarter of the world's population and are one of the fastest-growing ethnic groups in the United States. Although native South Asians share genetic and cultural risk factors with South Asians abroad, South Asians in the United States can differ in socioeconomic status, education, healthcare behaviors, attitudes, and health insurance, which can affect their risk and the treatment and outcomes of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). South Asians have higher proportional mortality rates from ASCVD compared with other Asian groups and non-Hispanic whites, in contrast to the finding that Asian Americans (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese) aggregated as a group are at lower risk of ASCVD, largely because of the lower risk observed in East Asian populations. Literature relevant to South Asian populations regarding demographics and risk factors, health behaviors, and interventions, including physical activity, diet, medications, and community strategies, is summarized. The evidence to date is that the biology of ASCVD is complex but is no different in South Asians than in any other racial/ethnic group. A majority of the risk in South Asians can be explained by the increased prevalence of known risk factors, especially those related to insulin resistance, and no unique risk factors in this population have been found. This scientific statement focuses on how ASCVD risk factors affect the South Asian population in order to make recommendations for clinical strategies to reduce disease and for directions for future research to reduce ASCVD in this population.
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Hearon BA, Beard C, Kopeski LM, Smits JAJ, Otto MW, Björgvinsson T. Attending to Timely Contingencies: Promoting Physical Activity Uptake Among Adults with Serious Mental Illness with an Exercise-For-Mood vs. an Exercise-For-Fitness Prescription. Behav Med 2018; 44:108-115. [PMID: 28027010 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2016.1276428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence for both physical and mental health benefits achieved through regular exercise, most Americans fail to meet minimum recommendations. Altering the behavioral contingency from a focus on long-term health benefits to immediate mood benefits represents a novel method for exercise promotion. The current study examined a single-session exercise-for-mood intervention against two time-matched comparison conditions in 152 patients with serious mental illness attending a partial hospital program, a population marked by significant health disparities. This intervention was compared to a standard exercise-for-fitness intervention and a time-matched no-exercise control. Among patients with high levels of exercise prior to the partial hospital program, the exercise-for-mood intervention yielded significant increases in exercise. Implications for exercise promotion interventions among psychiatrically ill patients are discussed.
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Kashiwabara K, Kidokoro T, Yanaoka T, Burns SF, Stensel DJ, Miyashita M. Different Patterns of Walking and Postprandial Triglycerides in Older Women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:79-87. [PMID: 28857839 PMCID: PMC5757650 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Although a single bout of continuous exercise (≥30 min) reduces postprandial triglyceride (TG), little evidence is available regarding the effect of multiple short (≤10 min) bouts of exercise on postprandial TG in individuals at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. This study compared the effects of different patterns of walking on postprandial TG in postmenopausal, older women with hypertriglyceridemia. Methods Twelve inactive women (mean age ± SD, 71 ± 5 yr) with hypertriglyceridemia (fasting TG ≥1.70 mmol·L−1) completed three, 1-d laboratory-based trials in a random order: 1) control, 2) continuous walking, and 3) multiple short bouts of walking. On the control trial, participants sat in a chair for 8 h. For the walking trials, participants walked briskly in either one 30-min bout in the morning (0900–0930 h) or twenty 90-s bouts over 8 h. Except for walking, both exercise trials mimicked the control trial. In each trial, participants consumed a standardized breakfast (0800 h) and lunch (1100 h). Venous blood samples were collected in the fasted state and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after breakfast. Results The serum TG incremental area under the curve was 35% and 33% lower on the continuous and multiple short bouts of walking trials than that on the control trial (8.2 ± 3.1 vs 8.5 ± 5.4 vs 12.7 ± 5.8 mmol per 8 h·L−1, respectively; main effect of trial: effect size = 0.459, P = 0.001). Conclusions Accumulating walking in short bouts limits postprandial TG in at-risk, inactive older women with fasting hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Kashiwabara
- 1Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, JAPAN; 2Institute of Health and Sports Science and Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba, JAPAN; 3Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, JAPAN; 4Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, Nanyang Technological University, SINGAPORE; 5National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UNITED KINGDOM; and 6Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, JAPAN
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Boyer WR, Churilla JR, Ehrlich SF, Crouter SE, Hornbuckle LM, Fitzhugh EC. Protective role of physical activity on type 2 diabetes: Analysis of effect modification by race-ethnicity. J Diabetes 2018; 10:166-178. [PMID: 28544478 PMCID: PMC5701882 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known physical activity (PA) plays a role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the extent to which PA may affect T2D risk among different race-ethnic groups is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to systematically examine the effect modification of race-ethnicity on PA and T2D. METHODS The PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched through June 2016. Study assessment for inclusion was conducted in three phases: title review (n = 13 022), abstract review (n = 2200), and full text review (n = 265). In all, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria and were used in the analysis. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. All analyses used a random-effects model. RESULTS A significant protective summary RR, comparing the most active group with the least active PA group, was found for non-Hispanic White (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.60-0.85), Asians (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67-0.85), Hispanics (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64-0.89), and American Indians (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60-0.88). The summary effect for non-Hispanic Blacks (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.76-1.08) was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that PA (comparing most to least active groups) provides significant protection from T2D, with the exception of non-Hispanic Blacks. The results also indicate a need for race-ethnicity-specific reporting of RRs in prospective cohort studies that incorporate multiethnic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Boyer
- University of Tennessee, Dept. of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sports Studies, Knoxville, TN
| | - James R. Churilla
- University of North Florida, Dept. of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Scott E. Crouter
- University of Tennessee, Dept. of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sports Studies, Knoxville, TN
| | - Lyndsey M. Hornbuckle
- University of Tennessee, Dept. of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sports Studies, Knoxville, TN
| | - Eugene C. Fitzhugh
- University of Tennessee, Dept. of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sports Studies, Knoxville, TN
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Oertelt-Prigione
- Violence Prevention Clinic, Institute of Legal Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela HEM Maas
- Women’s Cardiac Health Program, Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Associations between physical activity and BMI, body fatness, and visceral adiposity in overweight or obese Latino and non-Latino adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:873-877. [PMID: 28220040 PMCID: PMC5461184 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objectives Although several studies have reported associations between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), body fatness, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), the extent to which associations differ among Latinos and non-Latinos remains unclear. The present study evaluated the associations between body composition and MVPA in Latino and non-Latino adults. Subjects/Methods An exploratory, cross-sectional analysis was conducted using baseline data collected from 298 overweight adults enrolled in a 12-month randomized controlled trial that tested the efficacy of text messaging to improve weight loss. MVPA, body fatness and VAT were assessed by waist-worn accelerometry, DXA, and DXA-derived software (GE CoreScan GE, Madison, WI) respectively. Participants with less than 5 days of accelerometry data or missing DXA data were excluded; 236 participants had complete data. Multivariable linear regression assessed associations between body composition and MVPA per day, defined as time in MVPA, bouts of MVPA (time per bout ≥10 min), non-bouts of MVPA (time per bout <10 min), and meeting the 150-minute MVPA guideline. The modifying influence of ethnicity was modeled with a multiplicative interaction term. Results The interaction between ethnicity and MVPA in predicting percent body fat was significant (p = 0.01, 95% CI [0.58, 4.43]) such that a given increase in MVPA was associated with a greater decline in total body fat in non-Latinos compared to Latinos (adjusted for age, sex and accelerometer wear time). There was no interaction between ethnicity and MVPA in predicting VAT (g) (p = 0.78, 95% CI [−205.74, 273.17]) and BMI (p = 0.18, 95% CI [−0.49, 2.26]). Conclusions An increase in MVPA was associated with a larger decrease in body fat, but neither BMI nor VAT, in non-Latinos compared to Latinos. This suggests that changes in VAT and BMI in response to MVPA may be less influenced by ethnicity than is total body fatness.
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O'Donovan G, Bakrania K, Ghouri N, Yates T, Gray LJ, Hamer M, Stamatakis E, Khunti K, Davies M, Sattar N, Gill JMR. Nonexercise Equations to Estimate Fitness in White European and South Asian Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:854-9. [PMID: 26694847 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong, independent predictor of health, whether it is measured in an exercise test or estimated in an equation. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate equations to estimate fitness in middle-age white European and South Asian men. METHODS Multiple linear regression models (n = 168, including 83 white European and 85 South Asian men) were created using variables that are thought to be important in predicting fitness (V˙O2max, mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹): age (yr), body mass index (kg·m⁻²), resting HR (bpm); smoking status (0, never smoked; 1, ex or current smoker), physical activity expressed as quintiles (0, quintile 1; 1, quintile 2; 2, quintile 3; 3, quintile 4; 4, quintile 5), categories of moderate- to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) (0, <75 min·wk⁻¹; 1, 75-150 min·wk⁻¹; 2, >150-225 min·wk⁻¹; 3, >225-300 min·wk⁻¹; 4, >300 min·wk⁻¹), or minutes of MVPA (min·wk⁻¹); and, ethnicity (0, South Asian; 1, white). The leave-one-out cross-validation procedure was used to assess the generalizability, and the bootstrap and jackknife resampling techniques were used to estimate the variance and bias of the models. RESULTS Around 70% of the variance in fitness was explained in models with an ethnicity variable, such as: V˙O2max = 77.409 - (age × 0.374) - (body mass index × 0.906) - (ex or current smoker × 1.976) + (physical activity quintile coefficient) - (resting HR × 0.066) + (white ethnicity × 8.032), where physical activity quintile 1 is 0, 2 is 1.127, 3 is 1.869, 4 is 3.793, and 5 is 3.029. Only around 50% of the variance was explained in models without an ethnicity variable. All models with an ethnicity variable were generalizable and had low variance and bias. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate the importance of incorporating ethnicity in nonexercise equations to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness in multiethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary O'Donovan
- 1Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UNITED KINGDOM; 2BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UNITED KINGDOM; 3Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UNITED KINGDOM; 4National Centre for Sport & Exercise Medicine, East Midlands, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UNITED KINGDOM; and 5Faculty of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, AUSTRALIA
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Gray BJ, Stephens JW, Turner D, Thomas M, Williams SP, Morgan K, Williams M, Rice S, Bracken RM. A non-exercise method to determine cardiorespiratory fitness identifies females predicted to be at 'high risk' of type 2 diabetes. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:47-54. [PMID: 27941056 DOI: 10.1177/1479164116666476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness determined by a non-exercise testing method for estimating fitness and predicted risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus using five risk assessments/questionnaires (Leicester Diabetes Risk Score, QDiabetes, Cambridge Risk Score, Finnish Diabetes Risk Score and American Diabetes Association Diabetes Risk Test). Retrospective analysis was performed on 330 female individuals with no prior diagnosis of cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes mellitus who participated in the Prosiect Sir Gâr workplace initiative in Carmarthenshire, South Wales. Non-exercise testing method for estimating fitness (expressed as metabolic equivalents) was calculated using a validated algorithm, and females were grouped accordingly into fitness quintiles <6.8 metabolic equivalents (Quintile 1), 6.8-7.6 metabolic equivalents (Quintile 2), 7.6-8.6 metabolic equivalents (Quintile 3), 8.6-9.5 metabolic equivalents (Quintile 4), >9.5 metabolic equivalents (Quintile 5). Body mass index, waist circumference, and HbA1c all decreased between increasing non-exercise testing method for estimating fitness quintiles (p < 0.05), as did risk prediction scores in each of the five assessments/questionnaires (p < 0.05). The proportion of females in Quintile 1 predicted at 'high risk' was between 20.9% and 81.4%, depending on diabetes risk assessment used, compared to none of the females in Quintile 5. A calculated non-exercise testing method for estimating fitness <6.8 metabolic equivalents could help to identify females at 'high risk' of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus as predicted using five risk assessments/questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Gray
- Policy, Research and International Development, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Stephens
- Diabetes Research Group, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | | | | | - Kerry Morgan
- Hywel Dda University Health Board, Prince Philip Hospital, Llanelli, UK
| | - Meurig Williams
- Hywel Dda University Health Board, Prince Philip Hospital, Llanelli, UK
| | - Sam Rice
- Hywel Dda University Health Board, Prince Philip Hospital, Llanelli, UK
| | - Richard M Bracken
- Diabetes Research Group, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University (Bay Campus), Swansea, UK
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Patel N, Ferrer HB, Tyrer F, Wray P, Farooqi A, Davies MJ, Khunti K. Barriers and Facilitators to Healthy Lifestyle Changes in Minority Ethnic Populations in the UK: a Narrative Review. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2016; 4:1107-1119. [PMID: 27928772 PMCID: PMC5705764 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-016-0316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Minority ethnic populations experience a disproportionate burden of health inequalities compared with the rest of the population, including an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The purpose of this narrative review was to explore knowledge and attitudes around diabetes, physical activity and diet and identify barriers and facilitators to healthy lifestyle changes in minority ethnic populations in the UK. The narrative review focused on three key research topics in relation to barriers and facilitators to healthy lifestyle changes in minority adult ethnic populations: (i) knowledge and attitudes about diabetes risk; (ii) current behaviours and knowledge about physical activity and diet; and (iii) barriers and facilitators to living a healthier lifestyle. Nearly all of the studies that we identified reported on South Asian minority ethnic populations; we found very few studies on other minority ethnic populations. Among South Asian communities, there was generally a good understanding of diabetes and its associated risk factors. However, knowledge about the levels of physical activity required to gain health benefits was relatively poor and eating patterns varied. Barriers to healthy lifestyle changes identified included language barriers, prioritising work over physical activity to provide for the family, cultural barriers with regard to serving and eating traditional food, different perceptions of a healthy body weight and fear of racial harassment or abuse when exercising. Additional barriers for South Asian women included expectations to remain in the home, fear for personal safety, lack of same gender venues and concerns over the acceptability of wearing ‘western’ exercise clothing. Facilitators included concern that weight gain might compromise family/carer responsibilities, desire to be healthy, T2DM diagnosis and exercise classes held in ‘safe’ environments such as places of worship. Our findings suggest that South Asian communities are less likely to engage in physical activity than White populations and highlight the need for health promotion strategies to engage people in these communities. There is a gap in knowledge with regard to diabetes, physical activity, diet and barriers to healthy lifestyle changes among other ethnic minority populations in the UK; we recommend further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Patel
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Freya Tyrer
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Paula Wray
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Azhar Farooqi
- Leicester City Clinical Commissioning Group, Leicester, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Neighbourhood greenspace is associated with a slower decline in physical activity in older adults: A prospective cohort study. SSM Popul Health 2016; 2:683-691. [PMID: 28018960 PMCID: PMC5165047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining physical activity in later life is important for maintaining health and function. Activity outdoors, such as walking, jogging and cycling, may provide an accessible, sociable and practical solution, but maintaining outdoor mobility may be a challenge in later life. Providing green environments which are supportive of physical activity may facilitate this, yet research into how greenspace could be best used is inconclusive. This study evaluates the role of greenspace in protecting against decline in physical activity over time in older adults. Data from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer Norfolk, UK, cohort 1993-2009 (N=15,672) was used. Linear regression modelling was used to examine the association between exposure to greenspace in the home neighbourhood and change in overall, recreational and outdoor physical activity measured in terms of metabolic equivalent cost (MET) in hours/week. Mediation analysis was conducted to assess if dog walking explained the relationship between greenspace and physical activity change. Models were adjusted for known and hypothesised confounders. People living in greener neighbourhoods experienced less of a decline in physical activity than those living in less green areas. Comparing change for those living in the greenest versus least green quartiles, participants showed a difference in overall physical activity of 4.21 MET hours/week (trend P=0.001), adjusted for baseline physical activity, age, sex, BMI, social class and marital status. This difference was 4.03 MET hours/week for recreational physical activity (trend P<0.001) and 1.28 MET hours/week for outdoor physical activity (trend P=0.007). Dog walking partially mediated the association between greenspace and physical activity change, by 22.6% for overall, 28.1% for recreational and 50.0% for outdoor physical activity (all P<0.001). Greenspace in the home neighbourhood may be protective against decline in physical activity among older people as they age. Dog walking is a potential mechanism in this relationship, and warrants further investigation as a way of maintaining physical activity in later life.
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Iliodromiti S, Ghouri N, Celis-Morales CA, Sattar N, Lumsden MA, Gill JMR. Should Physical Activity Recommendations for South Asian Adults Be Ethnicity-Specific? Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study of South Asian and White European Men and Women. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160024. [PMID: 27529339 PMCID: PMC4987009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
International public health guidelines recommend that adults undertake at least 150 min.week−1 of moderate-intensity physical activity. However, the underpinning evidence has largely been obtained from studies of populations of white European descent. It is unclear whether these recommendations are appropriate for other ethnic groups, particularly South Asians, who have greater cardio-metabolic risk than white Europeans. The objective of our study was to determine the level of moderate-intensity physical activity required in South Asians adults to confer a similar cardio-metabolic risk profile to that observed in Europeans of similar age and body mass index (BMI) undertaking the currently recommended levels of 150 min.week−1. 148 South Asians and 163 white Europeans aged 18 to 70 years were recruited. Physical activity was measured objectively via vertical axis accelerations from hip-worn accelerometers. Factor analysis was used to summarize the measured risk biomarkers into a single underlying latent “factor” describing overall cardio-metabolic risk. Sex did not modify the association between physical activity and the cardio-metabolic risk factor, so data for both sexes were combined and models adjusted for age, sex, BMI and accelerometer wear time. We estimated that South Asian adults needed to undertake 232 (95% Confidence interval: 200 to 268) min.week−1 in order to obtain the same cardio-metabolic risk factor score as a white European undertaking 150 minutes of moderate-equivalent physical activity per week. The present findings suggest that South Asian men and women need to undertake ~230 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity per week. This equates to South Asians undertaking an extra 10–15 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity per day on top of existing recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatina Iliodromiti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Nazim Ghouri
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos A. Celis-Morales
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Ann Lumsden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jason M. R. Gill
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Aboriginal vascular health and insights into atherosclerosis. J Hum Hypertens 2016; 30:223-4. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2015.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lesser IA, Dick TJM, Guenette JA, Hoogbruin A, Mackey DC, Singer J, Lear SA. The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and abdominal adiposity in postmenopausal, physically inactive South Asian women. Prev Med Rep 2016; 2:783-7. [PMID: 26844150 PMCID: PMC4721410 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In South Asians, a unique obesity phenotype of high abdominal fat is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with abdominal fat and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether CRF as assessed by VO2 peak, in post-menopausal South Asian women, was associated with body fat distribution and abdominal fat. Physically inactive post-menopausal South Asian women (n = 55) from the Greater Vancouver area were recruited and assessed from January to August 2014. At baseline, VO2 peak was measured with the Bruce Protocol, abdominal fat with CT imaging, and body composition with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. ANOVA was used to assess differences in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and total abdominal adipose tissue (TAAT) between tertiles of CRF. Bivariate correlation and multiple linear regression analyses explored the association between VO2 peak with SAAT, VAT, TAAT and body composition. Models were further adjusted for body fat and body mass index (BMI). Compared to women in the lowest tertile of VO2 peak (13.8-21.8 mL/kg/min), women in the highest tertile (25.0-27.7 mL/kg/min) had significantly lower waist circumference, BMI, total body fat, body fat percentage, lean mass, SAAT, VAT and TAAT (p < 0.05). We found VO2 peak to be negatively associated with SAAT, VAT and TAAT, independent of age and body fatness but not independent of BMI. Further research is necessary to assess whether exercise and therefore improvements in CRF would alter SAAT, VAT and TAAT in post-menopausal South Asian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Lesser
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6B 5K3
| | - T J M Dick
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6B 5K3
| | - J A Guenette
- Department of Physical Therapy and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6
| | - A Hoogbruin
- Faculty of Health, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada V3W 2M8
| | - D C Mackey
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6B 5K3; Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1M9
| | - J Singer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6
| | - S A Lear
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6B 5K3; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6; Division of Cardiology, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6
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Li XS, Cheng SJ, Cao ZG, Li Y, Wang RT. Elevated whole blood viscosity in patients with lumbar disc herniation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2015; 62:291-8. [PMID: 26444601 DOI: 10.3233/ch-151970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various vascular risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and diabetes mellitus are associated with hyperviscosity and lumbar disc herniation (LDH). However, the changes of viscosity in LDH have not been examined. AIMS The present study was to elucidate 1) the rheological parameter levels in patients with LDH, 2) the risk factors that were related to rheological parameters. METHODS Our study evaluated the rheological parameters in 307 cases with LDH and in 307 control subjects. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the significant factors for whole blood viscosity (WBV) at low shear rate. RESULTS LDH patients had markedly lower physical activity and significantly higher WBV 3 s-1 compared with non-LDH subjects (p < 0.001). Moreover, WBV (3 s-1) tended to increase as physical activity decreased. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that reduced physical activity was a significant factor contributing to elevated WBV (3 s-1). CONCLUSIONS WBV (3 s-1) is elevated in patients with LDH. In addition, reduced physical activity is a significant factor for WBV (3 s-1). Further studies are warranted to determine the role of WBV (3 s-1) in LDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Su-Jun Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Cao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,International Physical Examination and Healthy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rui-Tao Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Zafrir B, Azaiza M, Gaspar T, Dobrecky-Mery I, Azencot M, Lewis BS, Rubinshtein R, Halon DA. Low cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary artery calcification: Complementary cardiovascular risk predictors in asymptomatic type 2 diabetics. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:634-40. [PMID: 26117400 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its well-established prognostic value, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is not incorporated routinely in risk assessment tools. Whether low CRF provides additional predictive information in asymptomatic type 2 diabetics beyond conventional risk scores and coronary artery calcification (CAC) is unclear. METHODS We studied 600 type 2 diabetics aged 55-74 years without known coronary heart disease. CRF was quantified in metabolic equivalents (METs) by maximal treadmill testing and categorized as tertiles of percent predicted METs (ppMETs) achieved. CAC was calculated by non-enhanced computed tomography scans. The individual and joint association of both measures with an outcome event of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction or stroke, was determined over a mean follow-up period of 80 ± 16 months. RESULTS There were 72 (12%) events during follow-up. Low CRF was independently associated with event risk after adjustment for traditional risk factors and CAC (HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.41-3.57, p = 0.001). CRF (unfit/fit) allowed further outcome discrimination both amongst diabetics with low CAC scores (9.5% versus 2.0% event rate), and amongst diabetics with high CAC scores (23.5% versus 12.4% event rate), p < 0.001. The addition of CRF to a model comprising UKPDS and CAC scores improved the area under the curve for event prediction from 0.66 to 0.71, p = 0.03, with a positive continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI) of 0.451, p = 0.002. CONCLUSIONS CRF, quantified by ppMETs, provided independent prognostic information which was additive to CAC. Low CRF may identify asymptomatic diabetic subjects at higher risk for all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction or stroke, despite low CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Zafrir
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center and The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Mohanad Azaiza
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center and The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Gaspar
- Department of Radiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Israel
| | - Idit Dobrecky-Mery
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center and The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mali Azencot
- Department of Radiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Israel
| | - Basil S Lewis
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center and The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronen Rubinshtein
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center and The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - David A Halon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center and The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Racial Differences in the Ability of Subclinical Atherosclerosis Testing to Predict CVD. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-015-0453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lafontan M, Visscher TL, Farpour-Lambert N, Yumuk V. Opportunities for intervention strategies for weight management: global actions on fluid intake patterns. Obes Facts 2015; 8:54-76. [PMID: 25765164 PMCID: PMC5644897 DOI: 10.1159/000375103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Water is an essential nutrient for all physiological functions and particularly important for thermoregulation. About 60% of our body weight is made of water. Under standard conditions (18-20 °C and moderate activity), water balance is regulated within 0.2 % of body weight over a 24-hour period. Water requirement varies between individuals and according to environmental conditions. Concerning considerations related to obesity, the health impact of fluid intake is commonly overlooked. Fluid intake advices are missing in most of food pyramids offered to the public, and water requirements and hydration challenges remain often neglected. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize and discuss the role of water consumption in the context of other important public health measures for weight management. Attention will be focused on fluid intake patterns and hydration-related questions in the context of global interventions and/or physical activity programs settled in weight management protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Lafontan
- Inserm/University Paul Sabatier UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Hôpital Rangueil, Toulouse cedex, France
- *Dr. Max Lafontan, D. Sc., Inserm/UPS UMR 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Rangueil, 1, Avenue Jean Poulhès — BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France,
| | - Tommy L.S. Visscher
- Research Centre for the Prevention of Overweight, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences and VU University, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Farpour-Lambert
- Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, Department of Community Health, Primary Care and Emergency, University Hospital of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Volkan Yumuk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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