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Höltke C, Enders L, Stölting M, Geyer C, Masthoff M, Kuhlmann MT, Wildgruber M, Helfen A. Detection of Early Endothelial Dysfunction by Optoacoustic Tomography. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108627. [PMID: 37239972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations in vascular wall shear stress are often presumed to result in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions at specific arterial regions, where continuous laminar flow is disturbed. The influences of altered blood flow dynamics and oscillations on the integrity of endothelial cells and the endothelial layer have been extensively studied in vitro and in vivo. Under pathological conditions, the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif binding integrin αvβ3 has been identified as a relevant target, as it induces endothelial cell activation. Animal models for in vivo imaging of endothelial dysfunction (ED) mainly rely on genetically modified knockout models that develop endothelial damage and atherosclerotic plaques upon hypercholesterolemia (ApoE-/- and LDLR-/-), thereby depicting late-stage pathophysiology. The visualization of early ED, however, remains a challenge. Therefore, a carotid artery cuff model of low and oscillating shear stress was applied in CD-1 wild-type mice, which should be able to show the effects of altered shear stress on a healthy endothelium, thus revealing alterations in early ED. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) was assessed as a non-invasive and highly sensitive imaging technique for the detection of an intravenously injected RGD-mimetic fluorescent probe in a longitudinal (2-12 weeks) study after surgical cuff intervention of the right common carotid artery (RCCA). Images were analyzed concerning the signal distribution upstream and downstream of the implanted cuff, as well as on the contralateral side as a control. Subsequent histological analysis was applied to delineate the distribution of relevant factors within the carotid vessel walls. Analysis revealed a significantly enhanced fluorescent signal intensity in the RCCA upstream of the cuff compared to the contralateral healthy side and the downstream region at all time points post-surgery. The most obvious differences were recorded at 6 and 8 weeks after implantation. Immunohistochemistry revealed a high degree of αv-positivity in this region of the RCCA, but not in the left common carotid artery (LCCA) or downstream of the cuff. In addition, macrophages could be detected by CD68 immunohistochemistry in the RCCA, showing ongoing inflammatory processes. In conclusion, MSOT is capable of delineating alterations in endothelial cell integrity in vivo in the applied model of early ED, where an elevated expression of integrin αvβ3 was detected within vascular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Höltke
- Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Leonie Enders
- Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Miriam Stölting
- Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christiane Geyer
- Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Max Masthoff
- Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael T Kuhlmann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, WWU Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Helfen
- Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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2
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Meester EJ, de Blois E, Krenning BJ, van der Steen AFW, Norenberg JP, van Gaalen K, Bernsen MR, de Jong M, van der Heiden K. Autoradiographical assessment of inflammation-targeting radioligands for atherosclerosis imaging: potential for plaque phenotype identification. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:27. [PMID: 33730311 PMCID: PMC7969682 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Many radioligands have been developed for the visualization of atherosclerosis by targeting inflammation. However, interpretation of in vivo signals is often limited to plaque identification. We evaluated binding of some promising radioligands in an in vitro approach in atherosclerotic plaques with different phenotypes. METHODS Tissue sections of carotid endarterectomy tissue were characterized as early plaque, fibro-calcific plaque, or phenotypically vulnerable plaque. In vitro binding assays for the radioligands [111In]In-DOTATATE; [111In]In-DOTA-JR11; [67Ga]Ga-Pentixafor; [111In]In-DANBIRT; and [111In]In-EC0800 were conducted, the expression of the radioligand targets was assessed via immunohistochemistry. Radioligand binding and expression of radioligand targets was investigated and compared. RESULTS In sections characterized as vulnerable plaque, binding was highest for [111In]In-EC0800; followed by [111In]In-DANBIRT; [67Ga]Ga-Pentixafor; [111In]In-DOTA-JR11; and [111In]In-DOTATATE (0.064 ± 0.036; 0.052 ± 0.029; 0.011 ± 0.003; 0.0066 ± 0.0021; 0.00064 ± 0.00014 %Added activity/mm2, respectively). Binding of [111In]In-DANBIRT and [111In]In-EC0800 was highest across plaque phenotypes, binding of [111In]In-DOTA-JR11 and [67Ga]Ga-Pentixafor differed most between plaque phenotypes. Binding of [111In]In-DOTATATE was the lowest across plaque phenotypes. The areas positive for cells expressing the radioligand's target differed between plaque phenotypes for all targets, with lowest percentage area of expression in early plaque sections and highest in phenotypically vulnerable plaque sections. CONCLUSIONS Radioligands targeting inflammatory cell markers showed different levels of binding in atherosclerotic plaques and among plaque phenotypes. Different radioligands might be used for plaque detection and discerning early from vulnerable plaque. [111In]In-EC0800 and [111In]In-DANBIRT appear most suitable for plaque detection, while [67Ga]Ga-Pentixafor and [111In]In-DOTA-JR11 might be best suited for differentiation between plaque phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Meester
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Blois
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Antonius F W van der Steen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeff P Norenberg
- Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kim van Gaalen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique R Bernsen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim van der Heiden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Imaging Inflammation with Positron Emission Tomography. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020212. [PMID: 33669804 PMCID: PMC7922638 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of inflammation on the outcome of many medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases has been widely acknowledged. However, in contrast to neurological, oncologic, and cardiovascular disorders, imaging plays a minor role in research and management of inflammation. Imaging can provide insights into individual and temporospatial biology and grade of inflammation which can be of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic value. There is therefore an urgent need to evaluate and understand current approaches and potential applications for imaging of inflammation. This review discusses radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) that have been used to image inflammation in cardiovascular diseases and other inflammatory conditions with a special emphasis on radiotracers that have already been successfully applied in clinical settings.
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4
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Jarr KU, Ye J, Kojima Y, Nanda V, Flores AM, Tsantilas P, Wang Y, Hosseini-Nassab N, Eberhard AV, Lotfi M, Käller M, Smith BR, Maegdefessel L, Leeper NJ. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Detects Response to Therapeutic Intervention and Plaque Vulnerability in a Murine Model of Advanced Atherosclerotic Disease-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2821-2828. [PMID: 33086865 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to determine whether 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography could be applied to a murine model of advanced atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability to detect response to therapeutic intervention and changes in lesion stability. Approach and Results: To analyze plaques susceptible to rupture, we fed ApoE-/- mice a high-fat diet and induced vulnerable lesions by cast placement over the carotid artery. After 9 weeks of treatment with orthogonal therapeutic agents (including lipid-lowering and proefferocytic therapies), we assessed vascular inflammation and several features of plaque vulnerability by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography and histopathology, respectively. We observed that 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography had the capacity to resolve histopathologically proven changes in plaque stability after treatment. Moreover, mean target-to-background ratios correlated with multiple characteristics of lesion instability, including the corrected vulnerability index. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the application of noninvasive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography to a murine model can allow for the identification of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and their response to therapeutic intervention. This approach may prove useful as a drug discovery and prioritization method.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Blocking/pharmacology
- Atorvastatin/pharmacology
- CD47 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Carotid Artery Diseases/drug therapy
- Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology
- Carotid Artery, Common/diagnostic imaging
- Carotid Artery, Common/drug effects
- Carotid Artery, Common/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/administration & dosage
- Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage
- Rupture, Spontaneous
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Uwe Jarr
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (K.-U.J., J.Y., Y.K., V.N., A.M.F., P.T., Y.W., A.V.E., M.L., M.K., N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Jianqin Ye
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (K.-U.J., J.Y., Y.K., V.N., A.M.F., P.T., Y.W., A.V.E., M.L., M.K., N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Yoko Kojima
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (K.-U.J., J.Y., Y.K., V.N., A.M.F., P.T., Y.W., A.V.E., M.L., M.K., N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Vivek Nanda
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (K.-U.J., J.Y., Y.K., V.N., A.M.F., P.T., Y.W., A.V.E., M.L., M.K., N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (V.N.)
| | - Alyssa M Flores
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (K.-U.J., J.Y., Y.K., V.N., A.M.F., P.T., Y.W., A.V.E., M.L., M.K., N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Pavlos Tsantilas
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (K.-U.J., J.Y., Y.K., V.N., A.M.F., P.T., Y.W., A.V.E., M.L., M.K., N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany (P.T., L.M.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (K.-U.J., J.Y., Y.K., V.N., A.M.F., P.T., Y.W., A.V.E., M.L., M.K., N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | | | - Anne V Eberhard
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (K.-U.J., J.Y., Y.K., V.N., A.M.F., P.T., Y.W., A.V.E., M.L., M.K., N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Mozhgan Lotfi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (K.-U.J., J.Y., Y.K., V.N., A.M.F., P.T., Y.W., A.V.E., M.L., M.K., N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Max Käller
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (K.-U.J., J.Y., Y.K., V.N., A.M.F., P.T., Y.W., A.V.E., M.L., M.K., N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Bryan R Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing (B.R.S.)
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, East Lansing, MI (B.R.S.)
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany (P.T., L.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK partner site Munich), Germany (L.M.)
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (K.-U.J., J.Y., Y.K., V.N., A.M.F., P.T., Y.W., A.V.E., M.L., M.K., N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.)
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5
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Meester EJ, Krenning BJ, de Swart J, Segbers M, Barrett HE, Bernsen MR, Van der Heiden K, de Jong M. Perspectives on Small Animal Radionuclide Imaging; Considerations and Advances in Atherosclerosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:39. [PMID: 30915335 PMCID: PMC6421263 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses nuclear SPECT and PET imaging in small animals in relation to the atherosclerotic disease process, one of our research topics of interest. Imaging of atherosclerosis in small animal models is challenging, as it operates at the limits of current imaging possibilities regarding sensitivity, and spatial resolution. Several topics are discussed, including technical considerations that apply to image acquisition, reconstruction, and analysis. Moreover, molecules developed for or applied in these small animal nuclear imaging studies are listed, including target-directed molecules, useful for imaging organs or tissues that have elevated expression of the target compared to other tissues, and molecules that serve as substrates for metabolic processes. Differences between animal models and human pathophysiology that should be taken into account during translation from animal to patient as well as differences in tracer behavior in animal vs. man are also described. Finally, we give a future outlook on small animal radionuclide imaging in atherosclerosis, followed by recommendations. The challenges and solutions described might be applicable to other research fields of health and disease as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Meester
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - B J Krenning
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J de Swart
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Segbers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - H E Barrett
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M R Bernsen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - K Van der Heiden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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6
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Seifert R, Kuhlmann MT, Eligehausen S, Kiefer F, Hermann S, Schäfers M. Molecular imaging of MMP activity discriminates unstable from stable plaque phenotypes in shear-stress induced murine atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204305. [PMID: 30304051 PMCID: PMC6179381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose As atherosclerotic plaque ruptures are the primary cause of ischaemic events, their preventive identification by imaging remains a clinical challenge. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are involved in plaque progression and destabilisation and are therefore promising targets to characterize rupture-prone unstable plaques. This study aims at evaluating MMP imaging to discriminate unstable from stable plaque phenotypes. Methods ApoE deficient mice (ApoE-/-) on a high cholesterol diet underwent implantation of a tapered cuff around the right common carotid artery (CCA) inducing a highly inflamed atherosclerotic plaque upstream (US) and a more stable plaque phenotype downstream (DS) of the cuff. 8 weeks after surgery, the MMP inhibitor-based photoprobe Cy5.5-AF443 was administered i.v. 3h prior to in situ and ex vivo fluorescence reflectance imaging of the CCAs. Thereafter, CCAs were analysed regarding plaque size, presence of macrophages, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentrations by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Results We found a significantly higher uptake of Cy5.5-AF443 in US as compared to DS plaques in situ (1.29 vs. 1.06 plaque-to-background ratio; p<0.001), which was confirmed by ex vivo measurements. Immunohistochemistry revealed a higher presence of macrophages, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in US compared to DS plaques. Accordingly, MMP-2 concentrations were significantly higher in US plaques (47.2±7.6 vs. 29.6±4.6 ng/mg; p<0.05). Conclusions In the ApoE-/- cuff model MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities are significantly higher in upstream low shear stress-induced unstable atherosclerotic plaques as compared to downstream more stable plaque phenotypes. MMP inhibitor-based fluorescence molecular imaging allows visualization of these differences in shear stress-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Seifert
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael T. Kuhlmann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Eligehausen
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG EXC 1003 Cluster of Excellence ‘Cells in Motion’, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG EXC 1003 Cluster of Excellence ‘Cells in Motion’, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG EXC 1003 Cluster of Excellence ‘Cells in Motion’, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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7
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Nie S, Tan Y, Zhang Z, Chen G, Xiong J, Hu D, Ye K, Zhang Y, Cao X, Chen L, Zhang Z. Bilateral Implantation of Shear Stress Modifier in ApoE Knockout Mouse Induces Cognitive Impairment and Tau Abnormalities. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:303. [PMID: 30337867 PMCID: PMC6180189 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses all causes of cerebrovascular disease that lead to cognitive decline, or overt dementia, atherosclerotic disease being the most common contributor. However, few rodent models that mimic the pathology of VCI replicated the clinical cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. Here we aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying VCI in an Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-KO) mouse model fed with western style food with implantation of bilateral shear stress modifiers. We established a cognitive decline in spatial learning and memory developed in the bilateral modifier treated mice. Brain imaging and pathological examinations demonstrated reduced glucose intake and neuronal loss in hippocampus. Although no amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) were observed, tau pathology including hyperphosphorylation, paired helical filament formation and pathologic truncation were found at considerable higher extent in the bilateral modifier group 8 weeks post the procedure. In addition, gliosis and microglia activation were confirmed in corpus callosum (CC) and ventral striatum. Thus, this ApoE-KO mouse model faithfully replicates the stenosis of common carotid artery (CCA) and cognitive impairment following atherosclerotic deposition and global cerebral hypoperfusion. The close correlation of cognitive decline and tau pathology indicates the toxic tau species could be at least partially responsible for the neurodegenerative changes induced by the chronic hypoxia/ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuke Nie
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yang Tan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yunjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuebing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liam Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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8
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CD80 Is Upregulated in a Mouse Model with Shear Stress-Induced Atherosclerosis and Allows for Evaluating CD80-Targeting PET Tracers. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 19:90-99. [PMID: 27430577 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A shear stress-induced atherosclerosis mouse model was characterized for its expression of inflammation markers with focus on CD80. With this model, we evaluated two positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers targeting CD80 as well as 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-mannose ([18F]FDM) in comparison with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG). PROCEDURE A flow constrictive cuff implanted around the common carotid artery in apolipoprotein E knockout mice resulted in plaque formation. CD80 expression levels and plaque histopathology were evaluated. Serial PET/X-ray computed tomography scans were performed to follow inflammation. RESULTS Plaque formation with increased levels of CD80 was observed. Histologically, plaques presented macrophage-rich and large necrotic areas covered by a thin fibrous cap. Of the CD80-specific tracers, one displayed an increased uptake in plaques by PET. Both [18F]FDG and [18F]FDM accumulated in atherosclerotic plaques. CONCLUSION This mouse model presented, similar to humans, an increased expression of CD80 which renders it suitable for non-invasively targeting CD80-positive immune cells and evaluating CD80-specific radiotracers.
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9
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Meletta R, Slavik R, Mu L, Rancic Z, Borel N, Schibli R, Ametamey SM, Krämer SD, Müller Herde A. Cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) as one of the candidate genes in human carotid plaque imaging: Evaluation of the novel radiotracer [ 11 C]RS-016 targeting CB2 in atherosclerosis. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 47:31-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Guo FX, Hu YW, Zheng L, Wang Q. Shear Stress in Autophagy and Its Possible Mechanisms in the Process of Atherosclerosis. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:335-346. [PMID: 28287831 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy can eliminate harmful components and maintain cellular homeostasis in response to a series of extracellular insults in eukaryotes. More and more studies show that autophagy plays vital roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease and shear stress acts as a key role in its process. Understanding the role of shear stress in autophagy may offer insight into atherosclerosis therapies, especially emerging targeted therapy. In this article, we retrospect related studies to summarize the present comprehension of the association between autophagy and atherosclerosis onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xia Guo
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
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11
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Qiao H, Wang Y, Zhang R, Gao Q, Liang X, Gao L, Jiang Z, Qiao R, Han D, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Tian J, Gao M, Cao F. MRI/optical dual-modality imaging of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque with an osteopontin-targeted probe based on Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2016; 112:336-345. [PMID: 27788352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque is the major pathological cause of luminal thrombosis in acute coronary syndromes. Since foamy macrophages have been identified as a prominent component in vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions and osteopontin (OPN) is reported to be highly expressed in foamy macrophages, OPN could be a potential target for vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque imaging. The current study designed an OPN-specific MRI/optical dual-modality probe to detect vulnerable plaques. Fluorescence imaging revealed that 24 h after injection of the Cy5.5-OPN-DMSA-MNPs (COD-MNPs), the atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery exhibited significant higher signals in high fat diet (HFD) fed mice in comparison to the group injected with Cy5.5-IgG-DMSA-MNPs (CID-MNPs) or normal diet fed group injected with COD-MNPs (1.87 ± 0.19 × 1010 vs. 0.74 ± 0.04 × 1010, 0.73 ± 0.03 × 1010 p/sec/cm2/sr, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, MRI displayed stronger T2 contrast enhancement 24 h post-injection at the area of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid of HFD fed group injected with COD-MNPs than group injected with CID-MNPs or normal diet fed group injected with COD-MNPs (post/pre signal ratio: 0.64 ± 0.04 vs. 0.95 ± 0.02, 0.98 ± 0.01, P < 0.05). As a dual-modality molecular probe, the resulting COD-MNPs conjugates exhibit promising potentials for noninvasive detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreto-Splenic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Quansheng Gao
- Laboratory of the Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ruirui Qiao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ya Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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12
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Pedrigi RM, Mehta VV, Bovens SM, Mohri Z, Poulsen CB, Gsell W, Tremoleda JL, Towhidi L, de Silva R, Petretto E, Krams R. Influence of shear stress magnitude and direction on atherosclerotic plaque composition. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160588. [PMID: 27853578 PMCID: PMC5099003 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The precise flow characteristics that promote different atherosclerotic plaque types remain unclear. We previously developed a blood flow-modifying cuff for ApoE-/- mice that induces the development of advanced plaques with vulnerable and stable features upstream and downstream of the cuff, respectively. Herein, we sought to test the hypothesis that changes in flow magnitude promote formation of the upstream (vulnerable) plaque, whereas altered flow direction is important for development of the downstream (stable) plaque. We instrumented ApoE-/- mice (n = 7) with a cuff around the left carotid artery and imaged them with micro-CT (39.6 µm resolution) eight to nine weeks after cuff placement. Computational fluid dynamics was then performed to compute six metrics that describe different aspects of atherogenic flow in terms of wall shear stress magnitude and/or direction. In a subset of four imaged animals, we performed histology to confirm the presence of advanced plaques and measure plaque length in each segment. Relative to the control artery, the region upstream of the cuff exhibited changes in shear stress magnitude only (p < 0.05), whereas the region downstream of the cuff exhibited changes in shear stress magnitude and direction (p < 0.05). These data suggest that shear stress magnitude contributes to the formation of advanced plaques with a vulnerable phenotype, whereas variations in both magnitude and direction promote the formation of plaques with stable features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Pedrigi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vikram V. Mehta
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sandra M. Bovens
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zahra Mohri
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Willy Gsell
- MRC-Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jordi L. Tremoleda
- MRC-Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Leila Towhidi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ranil de Silva
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Enrico Petretto
- MRC-Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rob Krams
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Author for correspondence: Rob Krams e-mail:
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13
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Longitudinal imaging of the ageing mouse. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 160:93-116. [PMID: 27530773 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several non-invasive imaging techniques are used to investigate the effect of pathologies and treatments over time in mouse models. Each preclinical in vivo technique provides longitudinal and quantitative measurements of changes in tissues and organs, which are fundamental for the evaluation of alterations in phenotype due to pathologies, interventions and treatments. However, it is still unclear how these imaging modalities can be used to study ageing with mice models. Almost all age related pathologies in mice such as osteoporosis, arthritis, diabetes, cancer, thrombi, dementia, to name a few, can be imaged in vivo by at least one longitudinal imaging modality. These measurements are the basis for quantification of treatment effects in the development phase of a novel treatment prior to its clinical testing. Furthermore, the non-invasive nature of such investigations allows the assessment of different tissue and organ phenotypes in the same animal and over time, providing the opportunity to study the dysfunction of multiple tissues associated with the ageing process. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the applications of the most commonly used in vivo imaging modalities used in mouse studies: micro-computed-tomography, preclinical magnetic-resonance-imaging, preclinical positron-emission-tomography, preclinical single photon emission computed tomography, ultrasound, intravital microscopy, and whole body optical imaging.
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14
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Scherer DJ, Psaltis PJ. Future imaging of atherosclerosis: molecular imaging of coronary atherosclerosis with (18)F positron emission tomography. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2016; 6:354-67. [PMID: 27500093 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2015.12.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the formation of complex atheroma lesions (plaques) in arteries that pose risk by their flow-limiting nature and propensity for rupture and thrombotic occlusion. It develops in the context of disturbances to lipid metabolism and immune response, with inflammation underpinning all stages of plaque formation, progression and rupture. As the primary disease process responsible for myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral vascular disease, atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality on a global scale. A precise understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms is therefore critically important. Integral to this is the role of vascular wall imaging. Over recent years, the rapidly evolving field of molecular imaging has begun to revolutionize our ability to image beyond just the anatomical substrate of vascular disease, and more dynamically assess its pathobiology. Nuclear imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) can target specific molecular and biological pathways involved in atherosclerosis, with the application of (18)Fluoride PET imaging being widely studied for its potential to identify plaques that are vulnerable or high risk. In this review, we discuss the emergence of (18)Fluoride PET as a promising modality for the assessment of coronary atherosclerosis, focusing on the strengths and limitations of the two main radionuclide tracers that have been investigated to date: 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) and sodium (18)F-fluoride ((18)F-NaF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Scherer
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia;; Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia 5000, Australia; ; School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Peter J Psaltis
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia;; Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia 5000, Australia; ; School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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15
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Abstract
Advances in atherosclerosis imaging technology and research have provided a range of diagnostic tools to characterize high-risk plaque in vivo; however, these important vascular imaging methods additionally promise great scientific and translational applications beyond this quest. When combined with conventional anatomic- and hemodynamic-based assessments of disease severity, cross-sectional multimodal imaging incorporating molecular probes and other novel noninvasive techniques can add detailed interrogation of plaque composition, activity, and overall disease burden. In the catheterization laboratory, intravascular imaging provides unparalleled access to the world beneath the plaque surface, allowing tissue characterization and measurement of cap thickness with micrometer spatial resolution. Atherosclerosis imaging captures key data that reveal snapshots into underlying biology, which can test our understanding of fundamental research questions and shape our approach toward patient management. Imaging can also be used to quantify response to therapeutic interventions and ultimately help predict cardiovascular risk. Although there are undeniable barriers to clinical translation, many of these hold-ups might soon be surpassed by rapidly evolving innovations to improve image acquisition, coregistration, motion correction, and reduce radiation exposure. This article provides a comprehensive review of current and experimental atherosclerosis imaging methods and their uses in research and potential for translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Tarkin
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., A.J.B., J.H.F.R.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (N.R.E.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (M.R.D); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.A.P.T., A.T.); Imaging Sciences Laboratories, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F., M.R.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F.)
| | - Marc R Dweck
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., A.J.B., J.H.F.R.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (N.R.E.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (M.R.D); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.A.P.T., A.T.); Imaging Sciences Laboratories, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F., M.R.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F.)
| | - Nicholas R Evans
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., A.J.B., J.H.F.R.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (N.R.E.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (M.R.D); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.A.P.T., A.T.); Imaging Sciences Laboratories, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F., M.R.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F.)
| | - Richard A P Takx
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., A.J.B., J.H.F.R.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (N.R.E.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (M.R.D); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.A.P.T., A.T.); Imaging Sciences Laboratories, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F., M.R.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F.)
| | - Adam J Brown
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., A.J.B., J.H.F.R.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (N.R.E.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (M.R.D); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.A.P.T., A.T.); Imaging Sciences Laboratories, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F., M.R.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F.)
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., A.J.B., J.H.F.R.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (N.R.E.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (M.R.D); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.A.P.T., A.T.); Imaging Sciences Laboratories, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F., M.R.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F.)
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., A.J.B., J.H.F.R.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (N.R.E.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (M.R.D); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.A.P.T., A.T.); Imaging Sciences Laboratories, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F., M.R.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F.)
| | - James H F Rudd
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., A.J.B., J.H.F.R.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (N.R.E.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (M.R.D); Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.A.P.T., A.T.); Imaging Sciences Laboratories, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F., M.R.D.); and Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY (Z.A.F.).
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16
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Adamson PD, Williams MC, Newby DE. Cardiovascular PET-CT imaging: a new frontier? Clin Radiol 2016; 71:647-59. [PMID: 26951964 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular positron-emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET-CT) has recently emerged as an imaging technology with the potential to simultaneously describe both anatomical structures and physiological processes in vivo. The scope for clinical application of this technique is vast, but to date this promise has not been realised. Nonetheless, significant research activity is underway to explore these possibilities and it is likely that the knowledge gained will have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications in due course. This review provides a brief overview of the current state of cardiovascular PET-CT and the likely direction of future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Adamson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - M C Williams
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D E Newby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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17
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Pfenniger A, Meens MJ, Pedrigi RM, Foglia B, Sutter E, Pelli G, Rochemont V, Petrova TV, Krams R, Kwak BR. Shear stress-induced atherosclerotic plaque composition in ApoE(-/-) mice is modulated by connexin37. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:1-10. [PMID: 26342936 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Shear stress patterns influence atherogenesis and plaque stability; low laminar shear stress (LLSS) promotes unstable plaques whereas oscillatory shear stress (OSS) induces more stable plaques. Endothelial connexin37 (Cx37) expression is also regulated by shear stress, which may contribute to localization of atherosclerotic disease. Moreover, Cx37 reduces initiation of atherosclerosis by inhibiting monocyte adhesion. The present work investigates the effect of Cx37 on the phenotype of plaques induced by LLSS or OSS. METHODS Shear stress-modifying casts were placed around the common carotid artery of ApoE(-/-) or ApoE(-/-)Cx37(-/-) mice, and animals were placed on a high-cholesterol diet for 6 or 9 weeks. Atherosclerotic plaque size and composition were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Plaque size in response to OSS was increased in ApoE(-/-)Cx37(-/-) mice compared to ApoE(-/-) animals. Most plaques contained high lipid and macrophage content and a low amount of collagen. In ApoE(-/-) mice, macrophages were more prominent in LLSS than OSS plaques. This difference was reversed in ApoE(-/-)Cx37(-/-) animals, with a predominance of macrophages in OSS plaques. The increase in macrophage content in ApoE(-/-)Cx37(-/-) OSS plaques was mainly due to increased accumulation of M1 and Mox macrophage subtypes. Cx37 expression in macrophages did not affect their proliferation or their polarization in vitro. CONCLUSION Cx37 deletion increased the size of atherosclerotic lesions in OSS regions and abrogated the development of a stable plaque phenotype under OSS in ApoE(-/-) mice. Hence, local hemodynamic factors may modify the risk for adverse atherosclerotic disease outcomes associated to a polymorphism in the human Cx37 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pfenniger
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Medical Specializations - Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M J Meens
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Medical Specializations - Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R M Pedrigi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - B Foglia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Medical Specializations - Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Sutter
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Medical Specializations - Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Pelli
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Medical Specializations - Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Rochemont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Medical Specializations - Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T V Petrova
- Department of Oncology, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - R Krams
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - B R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Medical Specializations - Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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18
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Brott BC. A Bigger Artery Is Not Better: Predicting Coronary Plaque Rupture. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 8:1188-1190. [PMID: 26481844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta C Brott
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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19
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Abstract
Although still in its infancy, coronary atherosclerosis imaging with PET holds promise in improving understanding of the pathophysiologic processes that underlie plaque progression and adverse cardiovascular events. Fludeoxyglucose F 18 offers the potential to measure inflammatory activity within the plaque itself whereas fluoride F 18 allows detection of microcalcification, both of which are key characteristics of plaques at risk of rupture. Further work is required to improve these imaging techniques and to assess their ability to predict cardiac events prospectively.
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20
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De Wilde D, Trachet B, Van der Donckt C, Vandeghinste B, Descamps B, Vanhove C, De Meyer GRY, Segers P. Vulnerable Plaque Detection and Quantification with Gold Particle–Enhanced Computed Tomography in Atherosclerotic Mouse Models. Mol Imaging 2015; 14. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2015.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David De Wilde
- From the Biofluid, Tissue and Solid Mechanics for Medical Applications (bioMMeda), iMinds Medical IT, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-iMinds-IBiTech, Gent, Belgium; Institute for Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Medical Image and Signal Processing (MEDISIP), iMinds Medical IT, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-
| | - Bram Trachet
- From the Biofluid, Tissue and Solid Mechanics for Medical Applications (bioMMeda), iMinds Medical IT, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-iMinds-IBiTech, Gent, Belgium; Institute for Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Medical Image and Signal Processing (MEDISIP), iMinds Medical IT, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-
| | - Carole Van der Donckt
- From the Biofluid, Tissue and Solid Mechanics for Medical Applications (bioMMeda), iMinds Medical IT, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-iMinds-IBiTech, Gent, Belgium; Institute for Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Medical Image and Signal Processing (MEDISIP), iMinds Medical IT, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-
| | - Bert Vandeghinste
- From the Biofluid, Tissue and Solid Mechanics for Medical Applications (bioMMeda), iMinds Medical IT, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-iMinds-IBiTech, Gent, Belgium; Institute for Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Medical Image and Signal Processing (MEDISIP), iMinds Medical IT, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- From the Biofluid, Tissue and Solid Mechanics for Medical Applications (bioMMeda), iMinds Medical IT, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-iMinds-IBiTech, Gent, Belgium; Institute for Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Medical Image and Signal Processing (MEDISIP), iMinds Medical IT, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-
| | - Christian Vanhove
- From the Biofluid, Tissue and Solid Mechanics for Medical Applications (bioMMeda), iMinds Medical IT, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-iMinds-IBiTech, Gent, Belgium; Institute for Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Medical Image and Signal Processing (MEDISIP), iMinds Medical IT, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-
| | - Guido R. Y. De Meyer
- From the Biofluid, Tissue and Solid Mechanics for Medical Applications (bioMMeda), iMinds Medical IT, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-iMinds-IBiTech, Gent, Belgium; Institute for Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Medical Image and Signal Processing (MEDISIP), iMinds Medical IT, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-
| | - Patrick Segers
- From the Biofluid, Tissue and Solid Mechanics for Medical Applications (bioMMeda), iMinds Medical IT, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-iMinds-IBiTech, Gent, Belgium; Institute for Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Medical Image and Signal Processing (MEDISIP), iMinds Medical IT, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University-
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21
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Lin JB, Phillips EH, Riggins TE, Sangha GS, Chakraborty S, Lee JY, Lycke RJ, Hernandez CL, Soepriatna AH, Thorne BRH, Yrineo AA, Goergen CJ. Imaging of small animal peripheral artery disease models: recent advancements and translational potential. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11131-77. [PMID: 25993289 PMCID: PMC4463694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a broad disorder encompassing multiple forms of arterial disease outside of the heart. As such, PAD development is a multifactorial process with a variety of manifestations. For example, aneurysms are pathological expansions of an artery that can lead to rupture, while ischemic atherosclerosis reduces blood flow, increasing the risk of claudication, poor wound healing, limb amputation, and stroke. Current PAD treatment is often ineffective or associated with serious risks, largely because these disorders are commonly undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Active areas of research are focused on detecting and characterizing deleterious arterial changes at early stages using non-invasive imaging strategies, such as ultrasound, as well as emerging technologies like photoacoustic imaging. Earlier disease detection and characterization could improve interventional strategies, leading to better prognosis in PAD patients. While rodents are being used to investigate PAD pathophysiology, imaging of these animal models has been underutilized. This review focuses on structural and molecular information and disease progression revealed by recent imaging efforts of aortic, cerebral, and peripheral vascular disease models in mice, rats, and rabbits. Effective translation to humans involves better understanding of underlying PAD pathophysiology to develop novel therapeutics and apply non-invasive imaging techniques in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny B Lin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Evan H Phillips
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Ti'Air E Riggins
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Gurneet S Sangha
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Sreyashi Chakraborty
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Janice Y Lee
- Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Roy J Lycke
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Clarissa L Hernandez
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Arvin H Soepriatna
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Bradford R H Thorne
- School of Sciences, Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Alexa A Yrineo
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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22
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Alie N, Eldib M, Fayad ZA, Mani V. Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Artery Disease: PET/CT for the Evaluation of Atherosclerosis and Inflammation. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2015; 8:13-21. [PMID: 25674025 PMCID: PMC4294600 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s17063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a prevalent cardiovascular disease marked by inflammation and the formation of plaque within arterial walls. As the disease progresses, there is an increased risk of major cardiovascular events. Owing to the nature of atherosclerosis, it is imperative to develop methods to further understand the physiological implications and progression of the disease. The combination of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has proven to be promising for the evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques and inflammation within the vessel walls. The utilization of the radiopharmaceutical tracer, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), with PET/CT is invaluable in understanding the pathophysiological state involved in atherosclerosis. In this review, we will discuss the use of 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging for the evaluation of atherosclerosis and inflammation both in preclinical and clinical studies. The potential of more specific novel tracers will be discussed. Finally, we will touch on the potential benefits of using the newly introduced combined PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for non-invasive imaging of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Alie
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mootaz Eldib
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Venkatesh Mani
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Mateo J, Bilbao I, Vaquero JJ, Ruiz-Cabello J, España S. In Vivo ¹⁸F-FDG-PET Imaging in Mouse Atherosclerosis. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1339:377-386. [PMID: 26445805 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2929-0_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important technique in cardiovascular research. Vascular inflammation detected by fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET has been shown to predict cardiovascular (CV) events independent of traditional risk factors and is also highly associated with overall burden of atherosclerosis. The use of PET imaging in mouse models of atherosclerosis is challenged by the reduced size of the scanned organs. However, the last generation of dedicated PET scanners has an improved spatial resolution (<1 mm) and increased sensitivity allowing those studies to be performed. Here, we describe a procedure to perform FDG-PET experiments in atherosclerosis mouse models, the required equipment for animal handling and imaging, and the tools and procedures for image analysis and validation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Mateo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Izaskun Bilbao
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Vaquero
- Departamento de Bioingeniería & Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería & Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Toczek J, Broisat A, Perret P, Desruet MD, Fagret D, Riou LM, Ghezzi C. Periaortic brown adipose tissue as a major determinant of [¹⁸F]-fluorodeoxyglucose vascular uptake in atherosclerosis-prone, apoE-/- mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99441. [PMID: 25054923 PMCID: PMC4108473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been suggested for the clinical and experimental imaging of inflammatory atherosclerotic lesions. Significant FDG uptake in brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been observed both in humans and mice. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of periaortic BAT on apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mouse atherosclerotic lesion imaging with FDG. METHODS ApoE-/- mice (36 ± 2 weeks-old) were injected with FDG (12 ± 2 MBq). Control animals (Group A, n = 7) were injected conscious and kept awake at room temperature (24°C) throughout the accumulation period. In order to minimize tracer activity in periaortic BAT, Group B (n = 7) and C (n = 6) animals were injected under anaesthesia at 37°C and Group C animals were additionally pre-treated with propranolol. PET/CT acquisitions were performed prior to animal euthanasia and ex vivo analysis of FDG biodistribution. RESULTS Autoradiographic imaging indicated higher FDG uptake in atherosclerotic lesions than in the normal aortic wall (all groups, P<0.05) and the blood (all groups, P<0.01) which correlated with macrophage infiltration (R = 0.47; P<0.001). However, periaortic BAT uptake was either significantly higher (Group A, P<0.05) or similar (Group B and C, P = NS) to that observed in atherosclerotic lesions and was shown to correlate with in vivo quantified aortic FDG activity. CONCLUSION Periaortic BAT FDG uptake was identified as a confounding factor while using FDG for the non-invasive imaging of mouse atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Toczek
- INSERM, UMR 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques; Université Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexis Broisat
- INSERM, UMR 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques; Université Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
| | - Pascale Perret
- INSERM, UMR 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques; Université Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Desruet
- INSERM, UMR 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques; Université Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
| | - Daniel Fagret
- INSERM, UMR 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques; Université Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
| | - Laurent M. Riou
- INSERM, UMR 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques; Université Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
| | - Catherine Ghezzi
- INSERM, UMR 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques; Université Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
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25
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Chatzizisis YS, Blankstein R, Libby P. Inflammation goes with the flow: Implications for non-invasive identification of high-risk plaque. Atherosclerosis 2014; 234:476-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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