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Knopp RC, Erickson MA, Rhea EM, Reed MJ, Banks WA. Cellular senescence and the blood-brain barrier: Implications for aging and age-related diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:399-411. [PMID: 37012666 PMCID: PMC10281623 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231157917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical physiochemical interface that regulates communication between the brain and blood. It is comprised of brain endothelial cells which regulate the BBB's barrier and interface properties and is surrounded by supportive brain cell types including pericytes and astrocytes. Recent reports have suggested that the BBB undergoes dysfunction during normative aging and in disease. In this review, we consider the effect of cellular senescence, one of the nine hallmarks of aging, on the BBB. We first characterize known normative age-related changes at the BBB, and then evaluate changes in neurodegenerative diseases, with an emphasis on if/how cellular senescence is influencing these changes. We then discuss what insight has been gained from in vitro and in vivo studies of cellular senescence at the BBB. Finally, we evaluate mechanisms by which cellular senescence in peripheral pathologies can indirectly or directly affect BBB function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Knopp
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care
System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Seattle, WA 98108,
USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of
Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
| | - Michelle A Erickson
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care
System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Seattle, WA 98108,
USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of
Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Rhea
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care
System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Seattle, WA 98108,
USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of
Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
| | - May J Reed
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care
System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Seattle, WA 98108,
USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of
Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
| | - William A Banks
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care
System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Seattle, WA 98108,
USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of
Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
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2
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Chao CT, Hung KY. Vascular frailty, a proposal for new frailty type: A narrative review. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:318-325. [PMID: 36866657 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty is the incremental accumulation of minute defects that progressively impair health and performance. Frailty is commonly observed in older adults; however, secondary frailty may also occur in patients with metabolic disorders or major organ failure. In addition to physical frailty, several distinct types of frailty have been identified, including oral, cognitive, and social frailty, each of which is of practical importance. This nomenclature suggests that detailed descriptions of frailty can potentially advance relevant researches. In this narrative review, we first summarize the clinical value and plausible biological origin of frailty, as well as how to appropriately assess it using physical frailty phenotypes and frailty indexes. In the second part, we discuss the issue of vascular tissue as a relatively underappreciated organ whose pathologies contribute to the development of physical frailty. Moreover, when vascular tissue undergoes degeneration, it exhibits vulnerability to subtle injuries and manifests a unique phenotype amenable to clinical assessment prior to or accompanying physical frailty development. Finally, we propose that vascular frailty, based on an extensive set of experimental and clinical evidence, can be considered a new frailty type that requires our attention. We also outline potential methods for the operationalization of vascular frailty. Further studies are required to validate our claim and sharpen the spectrum of this degenerative phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ter Chao
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.,Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Hung
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Long C, Liu H, Zhan W, Chen L, Yu Z, Tian S, Xiang Y, Chen S, Tian X. Chronological attenuation of NPRA/PKG/AMPK signaling promotes vascular aging and elevates blood pressure. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13699. [PMID: 36016499 PMCID: PMC9470896 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is common in elderly population. We designed to search comprehensively for genes that are chronologically shifted in their expressions and to define their contributions to vascular aging and hypertension. RNA sequencing was conducted to search for senescence-shifted transcripts in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Small interfering RNA (siRNA), small-molecule drugs, CRISPR/Cas9 techniques, and imaging were used to determine genes' function and contributions to age-related phenotypes of the endothelial cell and blood vessel. Of 25 genes enriched in the term of "regulation of blood pressure," NPRA was changed most significantly. The decreased NPRA expression was replicated in aortas of aged mice. The knockdown of NPRA promoted HUVEC senescence and it decreased expressions of protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 (PKG), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Suppression of NPRA also decreased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as well as the ratio of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ )/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) but increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 8-Br-cGMP (analog of cGMP), or AICAR (AMPK activator), counteracted the observed changes in HUVECs. The Npr1+/- mice presented an elevated systolic blood pressure and their vessels became insensitive to endothelial-dependent vasodilators. Further, vessels from Npr1+/- mice increased Cdkn1a but decreased eNos expressions. These phenotypes were rescued by intravenously administrated 8-Br-cGMP and viral overexpression of human PKG, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrate NPRA/PKG/AMPK as a novel and critical signaling axis in the modulation of endothelial cell senescence, vascular aging, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkun Long
- Vascular Function LaboratoryHuman Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang university, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human AgingNanchangChina
| | - Hongfei Liu
- Vascular Function LaboratoryHuman Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang university, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human AgingNanchangChina
| | - Wenxing Zhan
- Vascular Function LaboratoryHuman Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang university, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human AgingNanchangChina
| | - Liping Chen
- Vascular Function LaboratoryHuman Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang university, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human AgingNanchangChina
| | - Zhenping Yu
- Institute of Translational MedicineNanchang UniversityNanchangChina,School of Life Science, Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Shane Tian
- Department of Biochemistry/ChemistryOhio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Yang Xiang
- Metabolic Control and AgingHuman Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang university, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human AgingNanchangChina
| | - Shenghan Chen
- Vascular Function LaboratoryHuman Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang university, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human AgingNanchangChina
| | - Xiao‐Li Tian
- Aging and Vascular DiseasesHuman Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang university, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human AgingNanchangChina
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4
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Gao HL, Yu XJ, Zhang Y, Wang CL, Lei YM, Yu JY, Zong DM, Liu KL, Zhang DD, Li Y, Tian H, Zhang NP, Kang YM. Astaxanthin Ameliorates Blood Pressure in Salt-Induced Prehypertensive Rats Through ROS/MAPK/NF-κB Pathways in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:1045-1057. [PMID: 34537923 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) has a variety of biochemical effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antihypertensive functions. The aim of the present study was to determine whether AST ameliorates blood pressure in salt-induced prehypertensive rats by ROS/MAPK/NF-κB pathways in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.To explore the central effects of AST on the development of blood pressure, prehypertensive rats were induced by a high-salt diet (HS, 8% NaCl) and its control groups were treated with normal-salt diet (NS, 0.3% NaCl). The Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats with HS diet for 6 weeks received AST or vehicle by gastric perfusion for 6 weeks. Compared to those with NS diet, rats with HS diet exhibited increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). These increases were associated with higher plasma level of norepinephrine (NE), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6); elevated PVN level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NOX2, and NOX4, that of IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), phosphorylation extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK1/2), phosphorylation Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity; and lower levels of IL-10, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the PVN. In addition, our data demonstrated that chronic AST treatment ameliorated these changes in the HS but not NS diet rats. These data suggested that AST could alleviate prehypertensive response in HS-induced prehypertension through ROS/MAPK/NF-κB pathways in the PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chen-Long Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yi-Ming Lei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jia-Yue Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Dong-Miao Zong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Nian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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5
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Dynamic Crosstalk between Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and the Aged Extracellular Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810175. [PMID: 34576337 PMCID: PMC8468233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is accompanied by the fragmentation of elastic fibers and collagen deposition, leading to reduced distensibility and increased vascular stiffness. A rigid artery facilitates elastin to degradation by MMPs, exposing vascular cells to greater mechanical stress and triggering signaling mechanisms that only exacerbate aging, creating a self-sustaining inflammatory environment that also promotes vascular calcification. In this review, we highlight the role of crosstalk between smooth muscle cells and the vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) and how aging promotes smooth muscle cell phenotypes that ultimately lead to mechanical impairment of aging arteries. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and the role of associated changes in ECM during aging may contribute to new approaches to prevent or delay arterial aging and the onset of cardiovascular diseases.
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6
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Saavedra JM. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Are Not Just for Hypertension Anymore. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:160-173. [PMID: 33904788 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00036.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond blood pressure control, angiotensin receptor blockers reduce common injury mechanisms, decreasing excessive inflammation and protecting endothelial and mitochondrial function, insulin sensitivity, the coagulation cascade, immune responses, cerebrovascular flow, and cognition, properties useful to treat inflammatory, age-related, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders of many organs including brain and lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Saavedra
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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7
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Stoyell-Conti FF, Chabbra A, Puthentharayil J, Rigatto K, Speth RC. Chronic administration of pharmacological doses of angiotensin 1-7 and iodoangiotensin 1-7 has minimal effects on blood pressure, heart rate, and cognitive function of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14812. [PMID: 33904655 PMCID: PMC8077095 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the principal cause of death worldwide, with hypertension being the most common cardiovascular disease risk factor. High blood pressure (BP) is also associated with an increased risk of poor cognitive performance and dementia including Alzheimer's disease. Angiotensin 1–7 (Ang 1‐7), a product of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS), exhibits central and peripheral actions to reduce BP. Recent data from our lab reveals that the addition of a non‐radioactive iodine molecule to the tyrosine in position 4 of Ang 1‐7 (iodoAng 1‐7) makes it ~1000‐fold more potent than Ang 1‐7 in competing for the 125I‐Ang 1‐7 binding site (Stoyell‐Conti et al., 2020). Moreover, the addition of the non‐radioactive iodine molecule increases (~4‐fold) iodoAng 1‐7’s ability to bind to the AT1 receptor (AT1R), the primary receptor for Ang II. Preliminary data indicates that iodoAng 1‐7 can also compete for the 125I‐Ang IV binding site with a low micromolar IC50. Thus, our aims were to compare the effects of chronic treatment of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) with iodoAng 1‐7 (non‐radioactive iodine isotope) and Ang 1‐7 on arterial pressure, heart rate, and cognitive function. For this study, male SHRs were divided into three groups and treated with Saline, Ang 1‐7, or iodoAng 1‐7 administrated subcutaneously using a 28‐day osmotic mini pump. Systolic BP was measured non‐invasively by the tail‐cuff technique. Cognitive function was assessed by Y‐Maze test and novel object recognition (NOR) test. We have demonstrated in SHRs that subcutaneous administration of high doses of iodoAng 1‐7 prevented the increase in heart rate with age, while Ang 1‐7 showed a trend toward preventing the increase in heart rate, possibly by improving baroreflex control of the heart. Conversely, neither Ang 1‐7 nor iodoAng 1‐7 administered subcutaneously affected BP nor cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe F Stoyell-Conti
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Surgery Department, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alesa Chabbra
- Halmos College of Natural Science & Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Puthentharayil
- Halmos College of Natural Science & Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Katya Rigatto
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Laboratório de Fisiologia Translacional, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Robert C Speth
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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8
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Aktürk T, Turan Y, Tanik N, Karadağ ME, Sacmaci H, Inan LE. Vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, vitamin D receptor levels and cardiac dysautonomia in patients with multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2020; 77:848-854. [PMID: 31939581 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20190182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D is a pleiotropic steroid hormone that modulates the autonomic balance. Its deficiency has been described as an environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and vitamin D receptors (VDR) and to evaluate cardiac dysautonomia in MS patients due to bidirectional interaction between vitamin D and the autonomic nervous system. METHODS The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 26 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and on 24 healthy controls. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure variability (BPV) was calculated and the participants were evaluated for orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension. Serum levels of vitamin D, VDBP and VDR were measured. RESULTS The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in MS patients than in controls (p = 0.044); however there was no significant difference in terms of VDR and VDBP levels between the groups. Supine hypertension and orthostatic hypotension were significant and the 24-hour systolic BPV was significantly decreased in patients with MS (p < 0.05) compared to controls. No correlation was found between vitamin D, VDBP and VDR with supine hypertension, orthostatic hypotension and systolic BPV values (p > 0.05). Also, there was a negative correlation between VDBP and the EDSS (p = 0.039, r = -0.406). CONCLUSION There was no correlation between orthostatic hypotension, supine hypertension and systolic BPV values and serum vitamin D, VDBP and VDR in MS patients. Future prospective studies with large number of patients may help us to better understand the relationship between vitamin D and the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülin Aktürk
- Bozok University, Department of Neurology, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Turan
- Bozok University, Department of Neurology, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Nermin Tanik
- Bozok University, Department of Neurology, Yozgat, Turkey
| | | | - Hikmet Sacmaci
- Bozok University, Department of Neurology, Yozgat, Turkey
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9
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Xu ML, Yu XJ, Zhao JQ, Du Y, Xia WJ, Su Q, Du MM, Yang Q, Qi J, Li Y, Zhou SW, Zhu GQ, Li HB, Kang YM. Calcitriol ameliorated autonomic dysfunction and hypertension by down-regulating inflammation and oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus of SHR. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 394:114950. [PMID: 32147540 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays crucial roles in central cardiovascular regulation. Increasing evidence in humans and rodents shows that vitamin D intake is important for achieving optimal cardiovascular function. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D, improves autonomic and cardiovascular function in hypertensive rats and whether PVN oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in these beneficial effects. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with either calcitriol (40 ng/day) or vehicle (0.11 μL/h) through chronic PVN infusion for 4 weeks. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded continuously by radiotelemetry. PVN tissue, heart and plasma were collected for molecular and histological analysis. Compared to WKY rats, SHR exhibited increased systolic blood pressure, sympathetic drive, and cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. These were associated with higher mRNA and protein expression levels of high mobility box 1 (HMGB1), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), proinflammatory cytokines, NADPH oxidase subunit in the PVN. In addition, increased norepinephrine in plasma, elevated reactive oxygen species levels and activation of microglia in the PVN were also observed in SHR. Chronic calcitriol treatment ameliorated these changes but not in WKY rats. Our results demonstrate that chronic infusion of calcitriol in the PVN ameliorates hypertensive responses, sympathoexcitation and retains cardiovascular function in SHR. Reduced inflammation and oxidative stress within the PVN are involved in these calcitriol-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lu Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Meng-Meng Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shao-Wen Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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10
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McCarthy CG, Wenceslau CF, Webb RC, Joe B. Novel Contributors and Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence in Hypertension-Associated Premature Vascular Aging. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:709-719. [PMID: 30982879 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension has been described as a condition of premature vascular aging, relative to actual chronological age. In fact, many factors that contribute to the deterioration of vascular function as we age are accelerated in hypertension. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms that underlie the aged phenotype of arteries from hypertensive patients and animals remain elusive. Cellular senescence is an age-related physiologic process in which cells undergo irreversible growth arrest. Although controlled senescence negatively regulates cell proliferation and promotes tissue regeneration, uncontrolled senescence can contribute to disease pathogenesis by presenting the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, in which molecules such as proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteases, and reactive oxygen species are released into tissue microenvironments. This review will address and critically evaluate the current literature on the role of cellular senescence in hypertension, with particular emphasis on cells types that mediate and modulate vascular function and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron G McCarthy
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Camilla F Wenceslau
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bina Joe
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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11
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Novel phthalamide derivatives as antihypertensive agents: rapid and clean synthesis, in silico and in vivo evaluation. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Park JS, Shin JH, Park JB, Choi DJ, Youn HJ, Park CG, Kwan J, Ahn Y, Kim DW, Rim SJ, Park SW, Sung J, Bae JH. Relationship between arterial stiffness and circadian pattern of blood pressure. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14953. [PMID: 30896666 PMCID: PMC6709131 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The relationship between the arterial stiffness and the circadian pattern of blood pressure (BP) has been controversial. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between arterial stiffness by pulse wave analysis (PWA) and variables of 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) in patients with high normal BP or hypertension (HTN).Five hundred forty-eight patients (304 males, 48 ± 12-year-old) with high normal BP or HTN were enrolled. BP was measured at the outpatient clinic and 24-hour ABPM was performed. Using radial applanation tonometry, PWA was performed for evaluation of systemic arterial stiffness. Patients were classified into four groups according to the dipping patterns: a nocturnal dipping group, an isolated systolic non-dipping group, an isolated diastolic non-dipping group and a both systolic and diastolic non-dipping group. For adjustment of age, population was divided to 2 groups: old group ≥55 year-old (n = 158, 75 males), young group <55 year-old (n = 390, 229 males).According to the dipping patterns, augmentation pressure (AP), augmentation index (AI) and heart rate (75 bpm) adjusted AI (AI@HR75) showed statistically significant difference (P = .011, .009, and .018, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that isolated diastolic non-dipping was correlated with arterial stiffness expressed as AI and AI@HR 75, only in young group (β-coefficient = 12.6, P = .04 and β-coefficient = 7.503, P = .028, respectively).Arterial stiffness might be closely related with the pattern of non-dipping in young patients with HTN and high normal BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sun Park
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon
| | - Joon-Han Shin
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon
| | | | - Dong-Ju Choi
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam
| | - Ho-Joong Youn
- Cardiovascular Center and Cardiology Division, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Chang-Gyu Park
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul
| | - Jun Kwan
- Department of Cardiology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju
| | - Dong-Woon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital and Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju
| | - Se-Joong Rim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College Medicine, Seoul
| | - Seung-Woo Park
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Jang-Ho Bae
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
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13
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Tan P, Wang H, Zhan J, Ma X, Cui X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhong J, Liu Y. Rapamycin‑induced miR‑30a downregulation inhibits senescence of VSMCs by targeting Beclin1. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1311-1320. [PMID: 30747228 PMCID: PMC6365076 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular senescence is considered to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of rapamycin on miR‑30a and its relationship with autophagy and senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Young and aging VSMCs were treated with rapamycin or transfected with miR‑30a mimics. Measurement of cellular senescence was conducted using senescence‑associated (SA)‑β‑Galactosidase (gal) staining. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm binding for miR‑30a and Beclin1. The expression levels of miR‑30a and Beclin1 were determined with reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Autophagy‑related protein levels were determined using immunofluorescence or western blot assays. The results demonstrated that rapamycin treatment significantly decreased miR‑30a expression and increased Beclin1 expression in both young and aging cells, as well as promoted autophagy in VSMCs. In addition, rapamycin inhibited senescence in VSMCs and could also alleviate the aging VSMC cycle arrest. Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR‑30a could directly bind the 3'untranslated region of Beclin1 and inhibit its expression. Furthermore, miR‑30a inhibited autophagy and promoted senescence of VSMCs. In conclusion, the present results indicated that rapamycin could inhibit the senescence of VSMCs by downregulating miR‑30a, which resulted in upregulation of Beclin1 and activation of autophagy. The current study is the first to demonstrate an inhibitory role of rapamycin on VSMC senescence and might provide novel insights and potential new molecular targets in senescence treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Haiqin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Junkun Zhan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xingjun Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jiayu Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Youshuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Li HB, Yu XJ, Bai J, Su Q, Wang ML, Huo CJ, Xia WJ, Yi QY, Liu KL, Fu LY, Zhu GQ, Qi J, Kang YM. Silencing salusin β ameliorates heart failure in aged spontaneously hypertensive rats by ROS-relative MAPK/NF-κB pathways in the paraventricular nucleus. Int J Cardiol 2018; 280:142-151. [PMID: 30581101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sustained hypertension is a major cause of heart failure in aging hypertensive patients. Salusin β, a novel bioactive peptide of 20 amino acids, has been reported to participate in various cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. We therefore hypothesized that central knockdown of salusin β might be effective for hypertension-induced heart failure treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighteen-month-old male aged spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with heart failure and WKY rats were microinjected with either a specific adenoviral vector encoding salusin β shRNA (Ad-Sal-shRNA) or a scramble shRNA (Ad-Scr-shRNA) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) for 4 weeks. Radiotelemetry and echocardiography were used for measuring blood pressure and cardiac function, respectively. Blood samples and heart were harvested for evaluating plasma norepinephrine, tyrosine hydroxylase, and cardiac morphology, respectively. The mesenteric arteries were separated for measurement of vascular responses. The PVN was analyzed for salusin β, proinflammatory cytokines (PICs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Compared with normotensive rats, aging SHR with heart failure had dramatically increased salusin β expression. Silencing salusin β with Ad-Sal-shRNA attenuated arterial pressure and improved autonomic function, cardiac and vascular dysfunction in aging SHR with heart failure, but not in aging WKY rats. Knockdown of salusin β significantly reduced paraventricular nucleus PICs levels, MAPK and NF-κB activity, and ROS levels in aging SHR with heart failure. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that in aging SHR, the heart failure that was developed during the end stage of hypertension could be ameliorated by silencing salusin β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Mo-Lin Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Chan-Juan Huo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Li-Yan Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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15
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Mormile R. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in cardiac patients: outcomes preordained by IL-6 gene polymorphism? Minerva Pediatr 2018; 71:218-219. [PMID: 30299023 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.18.05236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mormile
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Moscati Hospital, Aversa, Caserta, Italy -
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16
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Mi Y, Wu Q, Yuan W, Chen F, Du D. Role of microglia M1/M2 polarisation in the paraventricular nucleus: New insight into the development of stress-induced hypertension in rats. Auton Neurosci 2018; 213:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Wang X, Wang F, Chen M, Wang X, Zheng J, Qin A. Twenty-four-hour systolic blood pressure variability and renal function decline in elderly male hypertensive patients with well-controlled blood pressure. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:533-540. [PMID: 29670339 PMCID: PMC5894670 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s161752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increased variability in blood pressure (BP) is known to be closely associated with the development, progression and severity of renal damage in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, little is known about the association of BP variability (BPV) with the decline of renal function in elderly hypertensive patients with well-controlled BP. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the association between BPV and glomerular filtration rate in hypertensive elderly (age >60 years) and very elderly (age >80 years) male patients with BP controlled within the normal range by antihypertensive therapy. Patients and methods This study involved 484 hospitalized elderly male hypertensive patients with BP controlled within the normal range by antihypertensive therapy. BPV was defined as the SD from mean BP over a 24 h period. Renal function was estimated by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) which was calculated by the Chinese modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Equation. Participants were divided into three groups according to their eGFR data. Multivariate linear regression was then used to analyze the correlation between eGFR and BPV. Results The 24 h systolic BP (SBP) variability increased as eGFR decreased. There was no significant difference in 24 h SBP variability when compared between elderly and very elderly hypertensive patients. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that SBP variability demonstrated a negative linear relationship with eGFR (P<0.05) after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Conclusion Among the parameters of 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring, 24 h SBP variability is the only independent risk factor for a decline in renal function in elderly and very elderly male hypertensive patients with well-controlled BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minzhi Chen
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aimei Qin
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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18
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BKCa channel activity and vascular contractility alterations with hypertension and aging via β1 subunit promoter methylation in mesenteric arteries. Hypertens Res 2017; 41:96-103. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2017.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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19
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Irigoyen MC, De Angelis K, Dos Santos F, Dartora DR, Rodrigues B, Consolim-Colombo FM. Hypertension, Blood Pressure Variability, and Target Organ Lesion. Curr Hypertens Rep 2016; 18:31. [PMID: 27002717 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-016-0642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive patients have a higher risk of developing health complications, particularly cardiovascular (CV) events, than individuals with normal blood pressure (BP). Severity of complications depends on the magnitude of BP elevation and other CV risk factors associated with the target organ damage. Therefore, BP control and management of organ damage may contribute to reduce this risk. BP variability (BPV) has been considered a physiological marker of autonomic nervous system control and may be implicated in increased CV risk in hypertension. This review will present some evidence relating BPV and target organ damage in hypertension in clinical and experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Cláudia Irigoyen
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, 05403-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dos Santos
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, 05403-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela R Dartora
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/ Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Marciano Consolim-Colombo
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, 05403-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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20
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Lin B, Hasegawa Y, Takane K, Koibuchi N, Cao C, Kim-Mitsuyama S. High-Fat-Diet Intake Enhances Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease, Independently of Metabolic Disorders. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.115.003154. [PMID: 27412896 PMCID: PMC4937262 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.003154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The high‐fat Western diet is postulated to be associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of high‐fat‐diet consumption in AD pathology is unknown. This study was undertaken to examine the role of high‐fat‐diet intake in AD. Methods and Results 5XFAD mice, a useful mouse model of AD, and control wild‐type mice were fed (1) high‐fat diet or (2) control diet for 10 weeks. The effects on cerebral AD pathology, cognitive function, and metabolic parameters were compared between each group of mice. High‐fat diet significantly enhanced cerebrovascular β‐amyloid (Aβ) deposition (P<0.05) and impaired cognitive function (P<0.05) in 5XFAD mice, but not in wild‐type mice. High‐fat diet enhanced hippocampal oxidative stress (P<0.05) and NADPH oxidase subunits, gp91phox (P<0.01) and p22phox (P<0.01) in 5XFAD mice, but not in wild‐type mice. Furthermore, high‐fat diet reduced cerebral occludin (P<0.05) in 5XFAD mice, but not in wild‐type mice. Thus, 5XFAD mice exhibited greater susceptibility to high‐fat diet than wild‐type mice regarding cerebrovascular injury and cognitive impairment. On the other hand, 5XFAD mice fed high‐fat diet exhibited much less increase in body weight, white adipose tissue weight, and adipocyte size than their wild‐type counterparts. High‐fat diet significantly impaired glucose tolerance in wild‐type mice but not in 5XFAD mice. Thus, 5XFAD mice had much less susceptibility to high‐fat‐diet‐induced metabolic disorders than wild‐type mice. Conclusions High‐fat diet, independently of metabolic disorders, significantly promotes the progression of AD‐like pathology through enhancement of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan Department of Urology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koki Takane
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Koibuchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Cheng Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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21
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Yin H, Pickering JG. Cellular Senescence and Vascular Disease: Novel Routes to Better Understanding and Therapy. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:612-23. [PMID: 27040096 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a definable fate of cells within aging, diseased, and remodelling tissues. The traditional hallmark of cellular senescence is permanent cell cycle arrest but the senescent state is also accompanied by secretion of proteins that can reinforce the senescent phenotype and adversely affect the local tissue environment. Assessment for cellular markers of senescence has revealed the existence of senescent smooth muscle cells and senescent endothelial cells in vessels of patients with atherosclerosis and hypertension. This raises the possibility that cellular senescence might contribute to the initiation or progression of vascular disease. Potential disease-promoting pathways include blunted replicative reserve, reduced nitric oxide production, and increased cellular stiffness. Moreover, the secretory phenotype of senescent vascular cells might promote vascular degeneration through chronic inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation. Slowing of vascular cell aging and selective clearing of cells that have become senescent are emerging as exciting possibilities for controlling vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yin
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Geoffrey Pickering
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medicine (Cardiology), Biochemistry, and Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Jiang D, Tokashiki M, Hayashi H, Kawagoe Y, Kuwasako K, Kitamura K, Kato J. Augmented Blood Pressure Variability in Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II in Rats. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:163-9. [PMID: 26112866 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Augmented blood pressure (BP) variability is associated with cardiovascular diseases in some clinical conditions including hypertension. Drugs that effectively reduce BP variability need to be identified, while few animal models are currently available to study BP variability. Here, we report that hypertension induced by continuous infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) was accompanied by increased BP variability in rats. METHODS Ang II was subcutaneously infused at a rate of 240 pmol/kg/min into male Wistar rats undergoing intraperitoneal implantation of a transmitter connected to an abdominal aortic catheter. BP was continuously monitored via a telemetry system before and after the Ang II infusion in a conscious, unrestrained condition. BP variability was evaluated by coefficient of variation (CV) of BP levels measured every 15 minutes. In addition, spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats (SHR and WKY) were subjected to the BP monitoring experiment at 15 weeks of age. RESULTS Both systolic and diastolic BP levels were significantly elevated following the Ang II infusion. Similarly, CVs of systolic and diastolic BP in the Ang II infusion group were significantly higher than in the vehicle group upon 1 and 2 weeks of the infusion. Meanwhile, CVs of systolic and diastolic BP of SHR were in a range similar to those of WKY despite significantly higher BP than in WKY. CONCLUSIONS Hypertension induced by the continuous infusion of Ang II was accompanied by augmented BP variability in rats, an effect assumed to be at least in part, independent of BP elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Jiang
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Mariko Tokashiki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Hayashi
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kawagoe
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuwasako
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Johji Kato
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan;
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23
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Assessment of cardiac autonomic tone in conscious rats. Auton Neurosci 2016; 194:26-31. [PMID: 26769133 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac autonomic tone can be assessed either by estimating separately vagal and sympathetic tones or by evaluating the net effect of their interaction, the so-called sympathovagal balance (SVB). To compare the most commonly used methods in rats, telemetric recordings of the electrocardiogram were performed in normotensive WKY rats, and in groups of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats that were either untreated or chronically treated with the cholinesterase inhibitor, pyridostigmine, to enhance vagal tone. Cardiac autonomic blockers were administered alone and in combination, so that heart rate (HR) could be measured (1) under resting conditions, (2) with either autonomic branch blocked, and (3) with both branches blocked (which provided intrinsic HR, iHR). SVB was assessed as the ratio of resting HR to iHR. This calculation pointed to a sympathetic predominance in untreated SHRs and even more so in WKY rats, and to a marked vagal predominance in pyridostigmine-treated SHRs. By contrast, the ratio between low and high frequency components (LF/HF) of RR interval spectra did not significantly differ between the groups. Each autonomic tone was quantified as the HR change induced by its selective blocker or as the difference between iHR and HR after blockade of its counterpart. Both pharmacological methods indicated vagal enhancement in treated SHRs, but provided opposite results in terms of vagal vs. sympathetic predominance. These data seriously question the use of the LF/HF ratio as an index of SVB, and the possibility to reliably estimate vagal and sympathetic tones separately through current pharmacological approaches in conscious rats.
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Drägert K, Bhattacharya I, Pellegrini G, Seebeck P, Azzi A, Brown SA, Georgiopoulou S, Held U, Blyszczuk P, Arras M, Humar R, Hall MN, Battegay E, Haas E. Deletion of
Rictor
in Brain and Fat Alters Peripheral Clock Gene Expression and Increases Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2015; 66:332-9. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Drägert
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Indranil Bhattacharya
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Petra Seebeck
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Abdelhalim Azzi
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Steven A. Brown
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Stavroula Georgiopoulou
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Ulrike Held
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Przemyslaw Blyszczuk
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Margarete Arras
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Rok Humar
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Michael N. Hall
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Edouard Battegay
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Elvira Haas
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
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Ma M, Hasegawa Y, Koibuchi N, Toyama K, Uekawa K, Nakagawa T, Lin B, Kim-Mitsuyama S. DPP-4 inhibition with linagliptin ameliorates cognitive impairment and brain atrophy induced by transient cerebral ischemia in type 2 diabetic mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:54. [PMID: 25986579 PMCID: PMC4458052 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is unclear whether dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition can counteract the impairment of cognitive function and brain injury caused by transient cerebral ischemia in type 2 diabetes. The present study was undertaken to test our hypothesis that linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, administration following transient cerebral ischemia can ameliorate cognitive impairment and brain injury in diabetic mice. Methods db/db mice, a model of obese type 2 diabetes, were subjected to transient cerebral ischemia by 17 min of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), and were administered (1) vehicle or (2) linagliptin for 8 weeks or 1 week. For the long-term experiment on 8 weeks of linagliptin treatment, cognitive function, and volume and neuronal cell number of hippocampus and cortex were estimated in each group of mice. For the short-term experiment on 1 week of linagliptin treatment, cerebral IgG extravasation, Iba-1 positive cell number (reactive microglia), oxidative stress, and claudin-5 and gp91phox protein levels were measured in each group of mice. Results Linagliptin administration almost completely suppressed the circulating DPP-4 activity in db/db mice, but did not significantly reduce blood glucose or ameliorate glucose intolerance in db/db mice. Linagliptin administration following transient cerebral ischemia significantly counteracted cognitive impairment in diabetic mice, as estimated by water maze test and passive avoidance test. Linagliptin administration ameliorated the decrease in cerebral volume and neuronal cell number in hippocampus and cortex of diabetic mice. Linagliptin administration significantly reduced the increase in cerebral IgG extravasation and the increase in reactive microglia caused by transient cerebral ischemia in diabetic mice. Furthermore, linagliptin significantly suppressed the increase in cerebral oxidative stress in transient cerebral ischemia-subjected diabetic mice. Furthermore, linagliptin significantly increased cerebral claudin-5 and significantly decreased gp91phox in diabetic mice subjected to transient cerebral ischemia. Conclusions DPP-4 inhibition with linagliptin counteracted cognitive impairment and brain atrophy induced by transient cerebral ischemia in diabetic mice, independently of blood glucose lowering effect. This cerebroprotective effect of linagliptin was associated with the suppression of blood-brain barrier disruption and the attenuation of cerebral oxidative stress. Thus, our present work highlights DPP-4 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for cognitive impairment and cerebral vascular complications in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingJie Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Nobutaka Koibuchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Toyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Ken Uekawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Bowen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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