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Lu R, Qin Y, Xie C, Tan X, Zhu T, Tan J, Wang S, Liang J, Qin Z, Pan R, Pei P, Sun D, Su L, Lan J. Secondhand smoke exposure can increase the risk of first ischemic stroke: A 10.7-year prospective cohort study in China. Ann Epidemiol 2024; 92:25-34. [PMID: 38367798 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Passive smoking is considered a major public health issue in China. Prospective evidence regarding the link between secondhand smoke (SHS) and ischemic stroke in China is scarce. METHODS The China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study in Liuzhou City recruited 50,174 participants during 2004-2008. Of these 30,456 never-smokers were included in our study. The median follow-up period was 10.7 years. The incidence of ischemic stroke was obtained through the China Disease Surveillance Points (DSP) system and the Health Insurance (HI) database. Cox proportional risk models were used to evaluate the association between SHS exposure and ischemic stroke. RESULTS During 320,678 person-years of follow-up, there were 2059 patients with ischemic stroke observed and the incidence of ischemic stroke was 6.42 per thousand person-years. Participants exposed to SHS daily faced a 21 % higher risk of ischemic stroke (HR = 1.21, 95 %CI: 1.09-1.34) compared to those exposed to SHS less than once a week. Subgroup analyses revealed that daily SHS exposure was linked to heightened risk of ischemic stroke among women, non-employed, and non-weekly tea drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Daily SHS exposure was associated with higher risks of ischemic stroke. Proactive tobacco control strategies are necessary to decrease the risk of ischemic stroke in never smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumei Lu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Yulu Qin
- Liuzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545007, China
| | - Changping Xie
- Liuzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545007, China
| | - Xiaoping Tan
- Liuzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545007, China
| | - Tingping Zhu
- Liuzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545007, China
| | - Jinxue Tan
- Liuzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545007, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Liuzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545007, China
| | - Jiajia Liang
- Liuzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545007, China
| | - Zhongshu Qin
- Liuzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545007, China
| | - Rong Pan
- Liuzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545007, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Su
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China.
| | - Jian Lan
- Liuzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545007, China.
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Pihlman J, Nuotio J, Rovio S, Pahkala K, Ruohonen S, Jokinen E, Laitinen TP, Burgner DP, Hutri-Kähönen N, Tossavainen P, Taittonen L, Kähönen M, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Magnussen CG, Juonala M. Exposure to parental smoking and cardiac structure and function in adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:15-23. [PMID: 36071613 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221119611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The relationship between childhood tobacco smoke exposure and cardiac structure and function in midlife is unclear. We investigated the association between parental smoking with cardiac structure and function in adulthood. METHODS 1250 participants (56.5% female) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study who had data on parental smoking and/or serum cotinine, a biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke, at baseline 1980 (age 3-18 years) and echocardiography performed in 2011. Parental smoking hygiene (i.e., smoking in the vicinity of children) was categorized by parental smoking and serum cotinine levels in offspring. Dimensions of the left ventricle, diastolic and systolic function, and cardiac remodeling were used as outcomes. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, and covariates (blood pressure (BP), serum lipids, body mass index, socioeconomic status, smoking (only in adulthood)) in childhood and adulthood. RESULTS Parental smoking was not associated with systolic or diastolic function in adulthood. Participants exposed to parental smoking (odds ratio (OR) 1.90, 95%CI 1.23-2.92), hygienic parental smoking (OR 1.74, 95%CI 1.12-2.71), and non-hygienic parental smoking (OR 1.88, 95%CI 1.02-3.45) had higher odds of concentric remodeling (relative wall thickness >85th sex-specific percentile without left ventricular hypertrophy). These associations were attenuated after adjustment for child and adult covariates in the non-hygienic parental smoking group. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to parental smoking in childhood was associated with a higher likelihood of concentric remodeling and thicker left ventricular and interventricular septal walls in midlife, which was not improved by parents who smoked hygienically. Parental smoking was not related to systolic or diastolic function in this relatively young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Pihlman
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Joel Nuotio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Saku Ruohonen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi P Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - David P Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Taittonen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
- Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
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Saito M, Miyake Y, Tanaka K, Nagata C, Senba H, Hasebe Y, Miyata T, Higaki T, Kimura E, Matsuura B, Yamaguchi O, Kawamoto R. Smoking and secondhand smoke exposure and carotid intima-media thickness: Baseline data from the Aidai Cohort Study in Japan. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-17. [PMID: 38250629 PMCID: PMC10798226 DOI: 10.18332/tid/175632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological evidence regarding the relationship between smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been limited in Asian populations. Employing baseline data from the Aidai Cohort Study, Japan, we evaluated the evidence in this cross-sectional study. METHODS Study subjects were 727 men aged 35-88 years and 1297 women aged 34-85 years. Information on smoking, SHS exposure, and confounders was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. An automated carotid ultrasonography device was used to measure the right and left CIMT. The greatest CIMT measurement in the left or right common carotid artery was considered the maximum CIMT, and a maximum CIMT >1.0 mm was indicative of carotid wall thickening. Age, alcohol consumption, leisure time physical activity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, waist circumference, employment, and education level were adjusted at one time. RESULTS The prevalence of carotid wall thickening was 13.0%. The prevalence of never smoking was 30.5% in men and 90.1% in women. Among those who had never smoked, the prevalence of never SHS exposure at home and work was 74.3% and 48.2% in men and 38.3% and 56.3% in women, respectively. Active smoking and pack-years of smoking were independently positively related to carotid wall thickening regardless of sex, although the association with current smoking in women was not significant. Independent positive relationships were shown between former smoking and pack-years of smoking and maximum CIMT in men but not in women. No significant relationships were found between SHS exposure at home and work and carotid wall thickening or maximum CIMT in either men or women. CONCLUSIONS Active smoking, especially pack-years of smoking, was positively associated with carotid wall thickening in both sexes. Such positive associations with maximum CIMT were found only in men; however, interactions between smoking and sex were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Saito
- Integrated Medical and Agricultural School of Public Health, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Kitaishikai Hospital, Ozu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Integrated Medical and Agricultural School of Public Health, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Research Promotion Unit, Translation Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
- Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Integrated Medical and Agricultural School of Public Health, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Research Promotion Unit, Translation Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
- Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Senba
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Matsuyama Shimin Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | | | - Toyohisa Miyata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Department of Regional Pediatrics and Perinatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Takashi Higaki
- Department of Regional Pediatrics and Perinatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Eizen Kimura
- Integrated Medical and Agricultural School of Public Health, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
- Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
- Department of Medical Informatics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Bunzo Matsuura
- Department of Lifestyle-Related Medicine and Endocrinology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Integrated Medical and Agricultural School of Public Health, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kawamoto
- Integrated Medical and Agricultural School of Public Health, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
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Niu Z, Mu L, Buka SL, Loucks EB, Wang M, Tian L, Wen X. Involuntary tobacco smoke exposures from conception to 18 years increase midlife cardiometabolic disease risk: a 40-year longitudinal study. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:689-698. [PMID: 38186328 PMCID: PMC10984799 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Few population studies have sufficient follow-up period to examine early-life exposures with later life diseases. A critical question is whether involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke from conception to adulthood increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) in midlife. In the Collaborative Perinatal Project, serum-validated maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSP) was assessed in the 1960s. At a mean age of 39 years, 1623 offspring were followed-up for the age at first physician-diagnoses of any CMDs, including diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia. Detailed information on their exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in childhood and adolescence was collected with a validated questionnaire. Cox regression was used to examine associations of in utero exposure to MSP and exposure to ETS from birth to 18 years with lifetime incidence of CMD, adjusting for potential confounders. We calculated midlife cumulative incidences of hyperlipidemia (25.2%), hypertension (14.9%), diabetes (3.9%), and heart disease (1.5%). Lifetime risk of hypertension increased by the 2nd -trimester exposure to MSP (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.29, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.65), ETS in childhood (1.11, 0.99-1.23) and adolescence (1.22, 1.04-1.44). Lifetime risk of diabetes increased by joint exposures to MSP and ETS in childhood (1.23, 1.01-1.50) or adolescence (1.47, 1.02-2.10). These associations were stronger in males than females, in never-daily smokers than lifetime ever smokers. In conclusion, early-life involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke increases midlife risk of hypertension and diabetes in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Lina Mu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Stephen L. Buka
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Eric B. Loucks
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
- RENEW Institute, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lili Tian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Xiaozhong Wen
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
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Takase M, Yamada M, Nakamura T, Nakaya N, Kogure M, Hatanaka R, Nakaya K, Kanno I, Nochioka K, Tsuchiya N, Hirata T, Hamanaka Y, Sugawara J, Kobayashi T, Fuse N, Uruno A, Kodama EN, Kuriyama S, Tsuji I, Hozawa A. The Association of Lung Function and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in a Japanese Population: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-Based Cohort Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:1022-1044. [PMID: 36328568 PMCID: PMC10406635 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Impaired lung function is associated with atherosclerotic vascular events. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a marker for subclinical atherosclerosis. However, few studies have examined the association between lung function and cIMT among never smokers or individuals stratified by age. We investigated the association between lung function and cIMT in the Japanese population. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 3,716 men and 8,765 women aged 20 years or older living in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Lung function was evaluated using forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) was measured using spirometry. The maximum common carotid artery was measured using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. An analysis of covariance was used to assess associations between lung function and cIMT and adjusted for potential confounders. A linear trend test was conducted by scoring the categories from 1 (lowest) to 4 (highest) and entering the score as a continuous term in the regression model. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders including passive smoking, lower FEV1 and FVC were associated with higher cIMT in both men and women (P<0.001 for linear trend). This association was confirmed even when we restricted our study to never smokers. Furthermore, even when we stratified by age, an inverse association between lung function and cIMT was confirmed in middle-aged (40-64 years) and elderly participants (65-74 years). CONCLUSIONS Lower lung function was associated with higher cIMT in the Japanese population independent of age and smoking. Assessment of atherosclerosis or lung function may be required for individuals with lower lung function or atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Takase
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mana Kogure
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rieko Hatanaka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kumi Nakaya
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikumi Kanno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nochioka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naho Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takumi Hirata
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yohei Hamanaka
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junichi Sugawara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Fuse
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Uruno
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiichi N Kodama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Pan S, Karey E, Nieves-Cintron M, Chen YJ, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Pinkerton KE, Chen CY. Effects of chronic secondhand smoke exposure on cardiovascular regulation and the role of soluble epoxide hydrolase in mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1185744. [PMID: 37362438 PMCID: PMC10285070 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1185744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with an estimated 80% of SHS-related deaths attributed to cardiovascular causes. Public health measures and smoking bans have been successful both in reducing SHS exposure and improving cardiovascular outcomes in non-smokers. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors have been shown to attenuate tobacco exposure-induced lung inflammatory responses, making them a promising target for mitigating SHS exposure-induced cardiovascular outcomes. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine 1) effects of environmentally relevant SHS exposure on cardiac autonomic function and blood pressure (BP) regulation and 2) whether prophylactic administration of an sEH inhibitor (TPPU) can reduce the adverse cardiovascular effects of SHS exposure. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice (11 weeks old) implanted with BP/electrocardiogram (ECG) telemetry devices were exposed to filtered air or 3 mg/m3 of SHS (6 hr/d, 5 d/wk) for 12 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of recovery in filtered air. Some mice received TPPU in drinking water (15 mg/L) throughout SHS exposure. BP, heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and BP variability were determined monthly. Results: SHS exposure significantly decreased 1) short-term HRV by ∼20% (p < 0.05) within 4 weeks; 2) overall HRV with maximum effect at 12 weeks (-15%, p < 0.05); 3) pulse pressure (-8%, p < 0.05) as early as week 4; and 4) BRS with maximum effect at 12 weeks (-11%, p < 0.05). Four weeks of recovery following 12 weeks of SHS ameliorated all SHS-induced cardiovascular detriments. Importantly, mice exposed to TPPU in drinking water during SHS-related exposure were protected from SHS cardiovascular consequences. Discussion: The data suggest that 1) environmental relevant SHS exposure significantly alters cardiac autonomic function and BP regulation; 2) cardiovascular consequences from SHS can be reversed by discontinuing SHS exposure; and 3) inhibiting sEH can prevent SHS-induced cardiovascular consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Emma Karey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Yi-Je Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Chao-Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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7
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Monasso GS, Felix JF, Gaillard R, Jaddoe VWV. Fetal and Childhood Exposure to Parental Tobacco Smoking and Arterial Health at Age 10 Years. Am J Hypertens 2022; 35:867-874. [PMID: 35882377 PMCID: PMC9527773 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to parental tobacco smoking during fetal life and childhood is associated with adverse cardiovascular health outcomes. It is not known whether these adverse parental lifestyle exposures are also associated with changes in the structure and function of the carotid arteries in children aged 10 years. METHODS In a population-based prospective cohort study among 4,639 healthy children, we examined the associations of fetal exposure to maternal (no, first trimester only, continued), paternal (no, yes), and combined parental tobacco smoking (nonsmoking parents, mother only, father only, both parents smoked) with carotid intima-media thickness and distensibility at 10 years. We also assessed the associations of exposure to any parental tobacco smoking at ages 6 and 10 years with these outcomes. RESULTS Compared with no exposure, fetal exposure to continued maternal smoking was not associated with carotid intima-media thickness (-0.04 standard deviation score (SDS); 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.13, 0.05); and distensibility (0 SDS, 95% CI: -0.09, 0.09) at age 10 years. Fetal exposure to two smoking parents was also not associated with carotid intima-media thickness (-0.07 SDS, 95% CI: -0.16, 0.02) and distensibility (0 SDS, 95% CI: -0.09, 0.10) at this age. Exposure to any parental smoking during childhood also was not associated with these outcomes at age 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to parental tobacco smoking during fetal life and childhood was not associated with markers of arterial health in children aged 10 years. Prevention strategies aiming at minimizing smoke exposure later in life are still relevant regarding arterial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulietta S Monasso
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romy Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Wang K, Wang Y, Zhao R, Gong L, Wang L, He Q, Chen L, Qin J. Relationship between childhood secondhand smoke exposure and the occurrence of hyperlipidaemia and coronary heart disease among Chinese non-smoking women: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048590. [PMID: 34226229 PMCID: PMC8258554 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during childhood on type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and coronary heart disease among Chinese non-smoking women. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the SHS exposure data in childhood were obtained using a questionnaire survey. Self-reported childhood SHS exposure was defined as the presence of at least one parent who smoked during childhood. RESULTS Of the 6522 eligible participants, 2120 Chinese women who had never smoked were assessed. The prevalence of SHS exposure in the entire population was 28.1% (596). SHS exposure during childhood was not significant for the standard risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (p=0.628) and hypertension (p=0.691). However, SHS was positively associated with hyperlipidaemia (p=0.037) after adjusting for age, obesity, education status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, current SHS exposure status, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. In addition, childhood SHS increased the occurrence of coronary heart disease (p=0.045) among non-smokers after further adjusting for hyperlipidaemia. CONCLUSION SHS exposure during childhood is associated with prevalent hyperlipidaemia and coronary heart disease in adulthood among non-smoking Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province medicine & health, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanqi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province medicine & health, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Ruxing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province medicine & health, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province medicine & health, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province medicine & health, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province medicine & health, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province medicine & health, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province medicine & health, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
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9
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Mann JK, Lutzker L, Holm SM, Margolis HG, Neophytou AM, Eisen EA, Costello S, Tyner T, Holland N, Tindula G, Prunicki M, Nadeau K, Noth EM, Lurmann F, Hammond SK, Balmes JR. Traffic-related air pollution is associated with glucose dysregulation, blood pressure, and oxidative stress in children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110870. [PMID: 33587949 PMCID: PMC8520413 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults. Antecedents likely begin in childhood and whether childhood exposure to air pollution plays a contributory role is not well understood. OBJECTIVES To assess whether children's exposure to air pollution is associated with markers of risk for metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress, a hypothesized mediator of air pollution-related health effects. METHODS We studied 299 children (ages 6-8) living in the Fresno, CA area. At a study center visit, questionnaire and biomarker data were collected. Outcomes included hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), urinary 8-isoprostane, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and BMI. Individual-level exposure estimates for a set of four pollutants that are constituents of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) - the sum of 4-, 5-, and 6-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAH456), NO2, elemental carbon, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) - were modeled at the primary residential location for 1-day lag, and 1-week, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year averages prior to each participant's visit date. Generalized additive models were used to estimate associations between each air pollutant exposure and outcome. RESULTS The study population was 53% male, 80% Latinx, 11% Black and largely low-income (6% were White and 3% were Asian/Pacific Islander). HbA1c percentage was associated with longer-term increases in TRAP; for example a 4.42 ng/m3 increase in 6-month average PAH456 was associated with a 0.07% increase (95% CI: 0.01, 0.14) and a 3.62 μg/m3 increase in 6-month average PM2.5 was associated with a 0.06% increase (95% CI: 0.01, 0.10). The influence of air pollutants on blood pressure was strongest at 3 months; for example, a 6.2 ppb increase in 3-month average NO2 was associated with a 9.4 mmHg increase in SBP (95% CI: 2.8, 15.9). TRAP concentrations were not significantly associated with anthropometric or adipokine measures. Short-term TRAP exposure averages were significantly associated with creatinine-adjusted urinary 8-isoprostane. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that both short- and longer-term estimated individual-level outdoor residential exposures to several traffic-related air pollutants, including ambient PAHs, are associated with biomarkers of risk for metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Mann
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Liza Lutzker
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie M Holm
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helene G Margolis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andreas M Neophytou
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ellen A Eisen
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sadie Costello
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tim Tyner
- University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, Fresno, CA, USA; Central California Asthma Collaborative, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gwen Tindula
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mary Prunicki
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Noth
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - S Katharine Hammond
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John R Balmes
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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10
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Madhloum N, Luyten LJ, Provost EB, De Boever P, Dockx Y, Sleurs H, Plusquin M, Roodt JO, Vrijens K, Nawrot TS. Establishing reference values for macro- and microvascular measurements in 4-to-5 year-old children of the ENVIRONAGE prospective birth cohort. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5107. [PMID: 32198402 PMCID: PMC7083909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk factors are usually better tolerated, and can therefore be perceived as less harmful, at a young age. However, over time the effects of these adverse factors may persist or accumulate and lead to excess morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases later in life. Until now, reference values for the basic cardiovascular health characteristics of 4-to-6 year-old children are lacking. Within a follow-up study of the ENVIRONAGE (ENVIRonmental influence ON early AGE) birth cohort we assessed various cardiovascular measurements in 288 children aged 4–5 years. For the macrovasculature, we measured their blood pressure and examined the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery (CIMT), the arterial elasticity (including the pulse-wave velocity (PWV), carotid distensibility (DC) and compliance (CC) coefficients), the carotid β stiffness index (SIβ) and Young’s Elastic Modulus (YEM). Retinal microvascular traits included the Central Retinal Arteriolar Equivalent (CRAE) and Central Retinal Venular Equivalent (CRVE). Age of the study population averaged (±SD) 4.2 (±0.4 years. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 97.9 (±8.1) mmHg and 54.7(±7.6) mmHg, respectively. CIMT for the total population averaged 487.1 (±68.1) µm. The average stiffness values for DC, CC, SIβ, and PWV were 78.7 (±34.2) 10−³/kPa, 1.61 (±0.59) mm2/kPa and 4.4 (±2.4), and 3.7 m/s (±0.9) respectively. The mean determined for YEM was 163.2 kPa (±79.9). Concerning the microvasculature, the average CRAE was 180.9 (±14.2) µm and the corresponding value for CRVE was 251.0 (±19.7) µm. In contrast to the macrovasculature, a significant gender-related difference existed for the microvasculature: in boys, both the CRAE (178.8 µm vs 182.6 µm; p = 0.03) and CRVE (247.9 µm vs 254.0 µm; p = 0.01) were narrower than in girls. We have provided reference values for young children to understand changes in the early cardiovascular health trajectory. Establishing these reference values of cardiovascular phenotypes at this young age is necessary to develop targeted health promotion strategies as well as for better understanding of the life course changes of both small and large blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Madhloum
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Leen J Luyten
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC) - Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), Namur University, Namur, Belgium
| | - Eline B Provost
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Boever
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Yinthe Dockx
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Hanne Sleurs
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jos Op't Roodt
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium. .,Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Harbin MM, Kelly AS, Dengel DR, Rudser KD, Evanoff NG, Ryder JR. Relation of secondhand smoke exposure to vascular phenotypes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:760-766. [PMID: 31645051 PMCID: PMC7082180 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical cardiovascular risks of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among children and adolescents remains insufficiently described. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 298 children and adolescents (48.0% male, body mass index: 27.0 ± 8.9 kg/m2), including 49 self-reported cases with SHS. Arterial elasticity and stiffness (distensibility, compliance, incremental elastic modulus [IEM]) were obtained via ultrasound imaging in the abdominal aorta, brachial, and carotid arteries. A one-way analysis of variance compared differences between groups, and multiple linear regression adjusted for covariates. RESULTS SHS was associated with lower abdominal aorta diameter distensibility (aDD) (13.4 ± 3.6% vs. 16.0 ± 5.2%, p = 0.009) and abdominal aorta cross-sectional distensibility (aCSD) (28.8 ± 8.3% vs. 35.1 ± 12.2%, p = 0.009), as well as higher abdominal aorta IEM (aIEM) (1241 ± 794 vs. 935 ± 388 mmHg, p = 0.001). After adjustment for covariates, aDD (p = 0.047), aCSD (p = 0.040), and aIEM (p = 0.017) remained significant; this significance persisted with the additional adjustment of percent body fat. Measures of brachial and carotid compliance and distensibility were not associated with SHS. CONCLUSIONS SHS was associated with abdominal aorta stiffness; the majority of vascular measures within the brachial and carotid artery remained unaffected following adjustment for covariates, including hypertension and adiposity. SHS may predispose individuals to increased abdominal aorta stiffness, an artery previously reported to exhibit increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Harbin
- Laboratory of Integrative Human Physiology, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Aaron S Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Donald R Dengel
- Laboratory of Integrative Human Physiology, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Kyle D Rudser
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Nicholas G Evanoff
- Laboratory of Integrative Human Physiology, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Justin R Ryder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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12
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Age Differences in the Relationship between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16081409. [PMID: 31010129 PMCID: PMC6518058 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Secondhand smoke (SHS), a common environmental exposure factor, has become a serious public health problem. Metabolic syndrome is another worldwide clinical challenge. Our study tried to determine the age differences in the relationship between SHS and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Studies were searched in PubMed and Web of Science from 11 November to 30 November 2018. Eighteen studies were finally included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The relationship between SHS and the risk indicators of metabolic syndrome was analyzed. The weighted mean difference (WMD) of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), and the standard mean difference (SMD) of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low- and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C) were calculated in a meta-analysis. SHS was positively associated with the level of insulin and WC. According to the subgroup analysis based on age difference, SHS was positively associated with FPG in the upper age group, and positively associated with LDL-C and negatively associated with HDL-C in the lower age group. BMI showed a more obvious positive correlation in the adults group than in the children and the teenagers group. In conclusion, the association of metabolic syndrome with SHS varies with age. When exposed to SHS, older people may be more susceptible to glucose metabolic disorder, but younger people may be more susceptible to lipid metabolic disorder.
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13
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Gać P, Poręba M, Pawlas K, Sobieszczańska M, Poręba R. Influence of environmental tobacco smoke on morphology and functions of cardiovascular system assessed using diagnostic imaging. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 29:518-529. [PMID: 29458307 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1409847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to tobacco smoke is a significant problem of environmental medicine. Tobacco smoke contains over one thousand identified chemicals including numerous toxicants. Cardiovascular system diseases are the major cause of general mortality. The recent development of diagnostic imaging provided methods which enable faster and more precise diagnosis of numerous diseases, also those of cardiovascular system. This paper reviews the most significant scientific research concerning relationship between environmental exposure to tobacco smoke and the morphology and function of cardiovascular system carried out using diagnostic imaging methods, i.e. ultrasonography, angiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In the forthcoming future, the studies using current diagnostic imaging methods should contribute to the reliable documentation, followed by the wide-spreading knowledge of the harmful impact of the environmental tobacco smoke exposure on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Gać
- a Department of Hygiene , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland.,b Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging , 4th Military Hospital , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Poręba
- c Department of Pathophysiology , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlas
- a Department of Hygiene , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | | | - Rafał Poręba
- e Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
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14
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Correlation between hypertension and common carotid artery intima-media thickness in rural China: a population-based study. J Hum Hypertens 2018; 32:548-554. [DOI: 10.1038/s41371-018-0074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Groner JA, Huang H, Joshi MS, Eastman N, Nicholson L, Bauer JA. Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Preclinical Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Toddlers. J Pediatr 2017; 189:155-161. [PMID: 28711174 PMCID: PMC6446918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate relationships between secondhand smoke exposure in young children and several preclinical markers of cardiovascular risk that have been established as relevant to adult populations. STUDY DESIGN There were 139 children, 2-5 years of age, enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Secondhand smoke exposure was objectively determined by hair nicotine level; a comprehensive panel of clinical markers (morning blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin, lipid profiles, inflammation) and research markers (markers of oxidation, endothelial stress, and endothelial repair) of cardiovascular risk status were assessed. Univariate and multivariate linear regression were used to evaluate relationships between secondhand smoke exposure and cardiovascular risk markers. RESULTS Hair nicotine levels were correlated directly with blood pressure and serum C-reactive protein, and inversely correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and endothelial cell progenitor cell prevalence. In multivariate analyses, these relationships remained when controlled for age, sex, body mass index z-score, maternal education, and method of payment. Additionally, in multivariate analyses, hair nicotine level was significantly negatively correlated with total antioxidant capacity. CONCLUSIONS These results support the view that secondhand smoke exposure in the very young has a detectable relationship with several markers of cardiovascular risk, long before the emergence of clinical disease. Further studies to define mechanisms and strategies to prevent and mitigate these risks early in life are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A. Groner
- AAP Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, Elk Grove Village, IL, USA;,Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hong Huang
- AAP Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, Elk Grove Village, IL, USA;,Kentucky Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mandar S. Joshi
- Kentucky Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nicholas Eastman
- Kentucky Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lisa Nicholson
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John Anthony Bauer
- AAP Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, Elk Grove Village, IL, USA;,Kentucky Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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16
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Wang D, Juonala M, Viikari JSA, Wu F, Hutri-Kähönen N, Raitakari OT, Magnussen CG. Exposure to Parental Smoking in Childhood is Associated with High C-Reactive Protein in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:1231-1241. [PMID: 28724840 PMCID: PMC5742368 DOI: 10.5551/jat.40568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Children exposed to parental smoking are at increased long-term risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in adulthood. However, it has not been quantified if exposure to parental smoking in childhood is associated with adult systemic inflammation. This study aimed to determine if childhood exposure to parental smoking was associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in adulthood. Methods: This longitudinal analysis of 2,511 participants used data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, a prospective cohort of Finnish children. In 1980 or 1983, parents self-reported their smoking status and serum hsCRP was collected up to 31 years later in adulthood. Results: Compared with children with non-smoking parents, the relative risk of developing high hsCRP (> 3 mg/L) in adulthood increased among those with 1 or both parents who smoked [relative risk (RR), 1.3; 95%confidence interval (CI), 1.0–1.8] after adjustment for socioeconomic status, cardiovascular risk factors, and smoking status in childhood and adulthood. Moreover, children exposed to mother smoking [RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3–4.2] had highest risk of developing high hsCRP in adulthood compared with those exposed to father smoking [RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2–2.3] and both parents smoking [RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.9–2.0]. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that children exposed to parental smoking are at increased risk of having high hsCRP in adulthood. Limiting children's exposure to passive smoking may have long-term benefits on general low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital
| | - Feitong Wu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku
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17
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Yu AR, Hasjim B, Yu LE, Gabriel C, Anshus A, Lee JB, Louthan MJ, Kim EC, Lee K, Tse C, Keown T, Lahham S, Alvarado M, Bunch S, Gari A, Fox JC. Comparison of ultrasound-measured properties of the common carotid artery to tobacco smoke exposure in a cohort of Indonesian patients. World J Emerg Med 2017; 8:177-183. [PMID: 28680513 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to use point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and the characteristics of the common carotid artery (CCA). The effect of both primary and secondary smoking on CCA properties was evaluated. METHODS We performed a prospective cross-sectional study across 20 primary care clinics in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia in July 2016. Point of care ultrasound was performed on a convenience sample of Indonesian patients presenting to clinic. The CCA wall stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were measured during diastole and systole. These measurements were correlated with smoke exposure and cardiovascular disease. RESULTS We enrolled 663 patients in the study, with 426 patients enrolled in the smoking category and 237 patients enrolled in the second-hand smoke category. There was an overall positive correlation with the measured lifestyle factors and the ultrasound-measured variables in the group of individuals who smoked. For all variables, age seemed to contribute the most out of all of the lifestyle factors for the positive changes in CIMT and CCA wall stiffness. CONCLUSION Our data yielded correlations between CCA properties and cardiovascular risk, as well as between CIMT and arterial stiffness. We were also able to demonstrate an increase in thickness of the CIMT in patients who have been exposed by tobacco through the use of ultrasound. Further large scale studies comparing patients with multiple cardiac risk factors need to be performed to confirm the utility of ultrasound findings of cardiovascular disease and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen R Yu
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Bima Hasjim
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Luke E Yu
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan B Lee
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | | | - Esther C Kim
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Katrina Lee
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Christina Tse
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Thomas Keown
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Shadi Lahham
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Maili Alvarado
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Steven Bunch
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Abdulatif Gari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - J Christian Fox
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
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18
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Nasir K, Patel J. Risk of ASCVD and Secondhand Tobacco Exposure: All Smoke and Mirrors? No More. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:660-662. [PMID: 27852511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Nasir
- Center for Healthcare Advancement & Outcomes, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida; Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute (MCVI), Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida; Department of Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, Florida; Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore Maryland.
| | - Jaideep Patel
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore Maryland; Department of General Internal Medicine, VCU Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
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19
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Sahebi Z, Kazemi A, Loripoor Parizi M. The relationship between husbands' health belief and environment tobacco smoke exposure among their pregnant wife. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 30:830-833. [PMID: 27160345 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1188071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between health belief structures of men and environment tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure among pregnant women. METHODS This cross-sectional research was conducted on 120 smoking men who had pregnant wives. Data were gathered through a questionnaire that measured health belief structures related to pregnant women's exposure to cigarette's smoke including perceived susceptibility/severity, benefits, barriers and self-efficacy. Number of exposures to cigarette's smoke was defined by the number of smoked cigarettes in the presence of the pregnant wife. RESULTS The number of smoked cigarettes in the presence of pregnant wife had a negative relation with perceived susceptibility/severity and perceived benefits and a positive relation with perceived barriers. The number of smoked cigarettes in men had no relation with health belief constructs. Using multiple regression test showed the perceived barrier for not smoking was the strongest factor in men to anticipate the level of women's ETS exposure. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study showed that the level of ETS exposure among pregnant women was dependent on men's health beliefs about the ETS exposure treats among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Sahebi
- a Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Ashraf Kazemi
- b Reproductive Health Department, Women's Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran , and
| | - Marzieh Loripoor Parizi
- c Midwifery Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences , Rafsanjan , Iran
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20
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Xi B, Zhang T, Li S, Harville E, Bazzano L, He J, Chen W. Can Pediatric Hypertension Criteria Be Simplified? A Prediction Analysis of Subclinical Cardiovascular Outcomes From the Bogalusa Heart Study. Hypertension 2017; 69:691-696. [PMID: 28223474 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prehypertension and hypertension in childhood are defined by sex-, age-, and height-specific 90th (or ≥120/80 mm Hg) and 95th percentiles of blood pressure, respectively, by the 2004 Fourth Report. However, these cutoffs are complex and cumbersome for use. This study assessed the performance of a simplified blood pressure definition to predict adult hypertension and subclinical cardiovascular disease. The cohort consisted of 1225 adults (530 men; aged 26.3-47.7 years) from the Bogalusa Heart Study with 27.1-year follow-up since childhood. We used 110/70 and 120/80 mm Hg for children (age, 6-11 years), and 120/80 and 130/85 mm Hg for adolescents (age, 12-17 years) as the simplified definition of childhood prehypertension and hypertension, respectively, to compare with the 2004 Fourth Report (the complex definition). Adult carotid intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity, and left ventricular mass were measured using digital ultrasound instruments. Compared with normal blood pressure, childhood hypertensives diagnosed by the simplified definition and the complex definition were both at higher risk of adult hypertension with hazard ratio of 3.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.8-5.3) by the simplified definition and 3.2 (2.0-5.0) by the complex definition, high pulse wave velocity with 3.5 (1.7-7.1) and 2.2 (1.2-4.1), high carotid intima-media thickness with 3.1 (1.7-5.6) and 2.0 (1.2-3.6), and left ventricular hypertrophy with 3.4 (1.7-6.8) and 3.0 (1.6-5.6). The results were confirmed by reclassification or receiver operating curve analyses. The simplified childhood blood pressure definition predicts the risk of adult hypertension and subclinical cardiovascular disease equally as the complex definition does, which could be useful for screening hypertensive children to reduce risk of adult cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xi
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (B.X., T.Z.); and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (B.X., T.Z., S.L., E.H., L.B., J.H., W.C.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (B.X., T.Z.); and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (B.X., T.Z., S.L., E.H., L.B., J.H., W.C.)
| | - Shengxu Li
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (B.X., T.Z.); and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (B.X., T.Z., S.L., E.H., L.B., J.H., W.C.)
| | - Emily Harville
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (B.X., T.Z.); and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (B.X., T.Z., S.L., E.H., L.B., J.H., W.C.)
| | - Lydia Bazzano
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (B.X., T.Z.); and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (B.X., T.Z., S.L., E.H., L.B., J.H., W.C.)
| | - Jiang He
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (B.X., T.Z.); and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (B.X., T.Z., S.L., E.H., L.B., J.H., W.C.)
| | - Wei Chen
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (B.X., T.Z.); and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (B.X., T.Z., S.L., E.H., L.B., J.H., W.C.).
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21
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Jones MR, Magid HS, Al-Rifai M, McEvoy JW, Kaufman JD, Hinckley Stukovsky KD, Szklo M, Polak J, Burke GL, Post WS, Blaha MJ, Navas-Acien A. Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002965. [PMID: 27993830 PMCID: PMC5210438 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) and subclinical cardiovascular disease among ethnically diverse populations. This study assesses the impact of SHS on inflammation and atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness, coronary artery calcification, and peripheral arterial disease). METHODS AND RESULTS We examined 5032 nonsmoking adults aged 45 to 84 years without prior cardiovascular disease participating in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) from 2000 to 2002. SHS exposure was determined by self-report, and urinary cotinine was measured in a representative subset (n=2893). The multi-adjusted geometric mean ratios (95% CIs) for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 comparing 407 participants with SHS ≥12 h/wk versus 3035 unexposed participants were 1.13 (1.02-1.26) and 1.04 (0.98-1.11), respectively. The multi-adjusted geometric mean ratio for carotid intima-media thickness was 1.02 (0.97-1.07). Fibrinogen and coronary artery calcification were not associated with SHS. The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (ankle-brachial index ≤0.9 or ≥1.4) was associated with detectable urinary cotinine (odds ratio, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.09-4.04) but not with self-reported SHS. Urinary cotinine was not associated with inflammation or carotid intima-media thickness. CONCLUSIONS Despite limited exposure assessment, this study supports the association of SHS exposure with inflammation and peripheral arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hoda S Magid
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mahmoud Al-Rifai
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - John W McEvoy
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Karen D Hinckley Stukovsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Moyses Szklo
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joseph Polak
- Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Gregory L Burke
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston- Salem, NC
| | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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22
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Lin MP, Ovbiagele B, Markovic D, Towfighi A. Association of Secondhand Smoke With Stroke Outcomes. Stroke 2016; 47:2828-2835. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.014099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Approximately half of never smokers are exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS). Smoking is a well-established stroke risk factor, yet associations between SHS, stroke, and poststroke mortality remain uncertain. We aimed to determine the prevalence of exposure to SHS among those with and without stroke and its impact on mortality.
Methods—
Data were obtained from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 27 836 never smokers with/without self-reported stroke aged ≥18 years, sampled from 1988 to 1994 and 1999 to 2012, with linked mortality through 2010. Household exposure to SHS was determined by self-report; exposure severity was quantified by serum cotinine level. Independent relationships between SHS and all-cause mortality were assessed using Cox regression models, before and after adjusting for sociodemographics and comorbidities.
Results—
From 1988 to 1994 to 1999 to 2012, age-adjusted prevalence of exposure to SHS declined from 11.5% to 6.6% among survivors of stroke (
P
=0.08), and 14.6% to 5.9% among persons without stroke (
P
<0.01). Factors associated with high exposure to SHS were male sex, black race, ≤12th-grade education, poverty income ratio ≤200%, high alcohol intake, and history of myocardial infarction (all
P
<0.05). High exposure to SHS was associated with higher odds of previous stroke (odds ratio, 1.46;
P
=0.026). There was a dose-dependent relationship between exposure to SHS and all-cause mortality after stroke.
Conclusions—
Individuals with previous stroke have 50% greater odds to have been exposed to SHS; SHS is associated with a 2-fold increase in mortality after stroke. This study highlights the importance of obtaining exposure to SHS history and counseling patients and their families on the potential impact of SHS on poststroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle P. Lin
- From the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (M.P.L.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (B.O.); Department of Biomathematics, University of California at Los Angeles (D.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Southern California (A.T.); and Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.)
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- From the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (M.P.L.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (B.O.); Department of Biomathematics, University of California at Los Angeles (D.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Southern California (A.T.); and Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.)
| | - Daniela Markovic
- From the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (M.P.L.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (B.O.); Department of Biomathematics, University of California at Los Angeles (D.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Southern California (A.T.); and Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.)
| | - Amytis Towfighi
- From the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (M.P.L.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (B.O.); Department of Biomathematics, University of California at Los Angeles (D.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Southern California (A.T.); and Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA (A.T.)
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23
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Woodward A. Commentary on Jarvis & Feyerabend (2015): A truly smoke-free upbringing, once rare, is now commonplace. Addiction 2015. [PMID: 26223174 DOI: 10.1111/add.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Woodward
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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24
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West HW, Gall SL, Juonala M, Magnussen CG. Is Passive Smoking Exposure in Early Life a Risk Factor for Future Cardiovascular Disease? CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-015-0471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Agewall S. How to save six million people per year. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:387-8. [PMID: 25881201 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Agewall
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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