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Qureshi F, Soo J, Chen Y, Roy B, Lloyd-Jones DM, Kubzansky LD, Boehm JK. Optimism and Lipid Profiles in Midlife: A 15-Year Study of Black and White Adults. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:e169-e177. [PMID: 35067361 PMCID: PMC8863618 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optimism is associated with better cardiovascular health, yet little is known about the underlying mechanisms and whether protective relationships are consistently observed across diverse groups. This study examines optimism's association with lipid profiles over time and separately among Black and White men and women. METHODS Data were from 3,206 middle-aged adults in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Optimism was measured in 2000-2001 using the Revised Life Orientation Test. Triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurements were obtained at 5-year intervals through 2015-2016. Linear mixed models evaluated relationships between optimism and lipids, adjusting for covariates, including prebaseline lipids. Subgroup differences were examined using interaction terms and stratification. All analyses were conducted in 2020. RESULTS Higher optimism was associated with both lower baseline total cholesterol (β= -2.33, 95% CI= -4.31, -0.36) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (β= -1.93, 95% CI= -3.65, -0.21) and a more rapid incremental increase in both markers over time (total cholesterol: β=0.09, 95% CI=0.00, 0.18; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: β=0.09, 95% CI=0.01, 0.16). No associations were apparent with baseline triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or changes in either lipid over time. Tests for interaction only found evidence of heterogeneous associations with baseline triglyceride levels, but stratified models hinted at stronger protective associations with baseline levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among White women. CONCLUSIONS Optimism may help diverse individuals establish healthy total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels before midlife. Although associations were largely consistent across subgroups, stronger associations among White men and White women highlight a need to study optimism's health impact in diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Qureshi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jackie Soo
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brita Roy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Donald M Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia K Boehm
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, California
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Piegza J, Poloński L, Desperak A, Wester A, Janion M, Mazurek W, Wojakowski W, Witkowski A, Dudek D, Gąsior M. Myocardial Infarction in Centenarians. Data from The Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3377. [PMID: 33096868 PMCID: PMC7589182 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no data regarding the mortality rate, risks and benefits of particular reperfusion methods and pharmacological treatment complications in patients aged over 100 years with acute coronary syndromes. We sought to assess the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients older than 100 years and to determine prognostic factors for this group. METHODS Among the 716,566 patients recorded between 2003 and 2018 in the Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes, 104 patients aged ≥100 with MI were included. The patients were categorized into two groups: group 1 received conservative treatment (64 patients), and group 2 received invasive strategy (40 patients). RESULTS The frequencies of in-hospital mortality, MI and stroke were similar in both arms. No difference in the frequency of the combined endpoint (death, reinfarction, stroke) was noted. Invasive treatment was more advantageous for 12-month outcomes; 50 patients in group 1 (79%) and 23 patients in group 2 (57.50%) died (p = 0.017). The multivariate analysis identified the lower left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.96; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.94-0.99; p = 0.012), lack of coronary angiography (HR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.24-0.99; p = 0.048) and cardiac arrest (HR = 4.61; 95% CI: 1.64-12.99; p = 0.0038) as predictors of 12-month mortality in this group. CONCLUSIONS Invasive MI treatment may be beneficial for selected very old patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Piegza
- Third Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (L.P.); (A.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Lech Poloński
- Third Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (L.P.); (A.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Aneta Desperak
- Third Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (L.P.); (A.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Andrzej Wester
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland;
- Cardiology Center Kluczbork SCANMED, 46-200 Kluczbork, Poland
| | - Marianna Janion
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Wiesław Mazurek
- Department of Cardiology, The Ludwik Rydygier Provincial Polyclinical Hospital, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Wojakowski
- 3rd Division of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Adam Witkowski
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Dudek
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Gąsior
- Third Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (L.P.); (A.D.); (M.G.)
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Jellinger PS, Handelsman Y, Rosenblit PD, Bloomgarden ZT, Fonseca VA, Garber AJ, Grunberger G, Guerin CK, Bell DSH, Mechanick JI, Pessah-Pollack R, Wyne K, Smith D, Brinton EA, Fazio S, Davidson M. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT OF DYSLIPIDEMIA AND PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. Endocr Pract 2019; 23:1-87. [PMID: 28437620 DOI: 10.4158/ep171764.appgl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of these guidelines is mandated by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) Board of Directors and American College of Endocrinology (ACE) Board of Trustees and adheres with published AACE protocols for the standardized production of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). METHODS Recommendations are based on diligent reviews of the clinical evidence with transparent incorporation of subjective factors, according to established AACE/ACE guidelines for guidelines protocols. RESULTS The Executive Summary of this document contains 87 recommendations of which 45 are Grade A (51.7%), 18 are Grade B (20.7%), 15 are Grade C (17.2%), and 9 (10.3%) are Grade D. These detailed, evidence-based recommendations allow for nuance-based clinical decision-making that addresses multiple aspects of real-world medical care. The evidence base presented in the subsequent Appendix provides relevant supporting information for Executive Summary Recommendations. This update contains 695 citations of which 203 (29.2 %) are EL 1 (strong), 137 (19.7%) are EL 2 (intermediate), 119 (17.1%) are EL 3 (weak), and 236 (34.0%) are EL 4 (no clinical evidence). CONCLUSION This CPG is a practical tool that endocrinologists, other health care professionals, health-related organizations, and regulatory bodies can use to reduce the risks and consequences of dyslipidemia. It provides guidance on screening, risk assessment, and treatment recommendations for a range of individuals with various lipid disorders. The recommendations emphasize the importance of treating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in some individuals to lower goals than previously endorsed and support the measurement of coronary artery calcium scores and inflammatory markers to help stratify risk. Special consideration is given to individuals with diabetes, familial hypercholesterolemia, women, and youth with dyslipidemia. Both clinical and cost-effectiveness data are provided to support treatment decisions. ABBREVIATIONS 4S = Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study A1C = glycated hemoglobin AACE = American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists AAP = American Academy of Pediatrics ACC = American College of Cardiology ACE = American College of Endocrinology ACS = acute coronary syndrome ADMIT = Arterial Disease Multiple Intervention Trial ADVENT = Assessment of Diabetes Control and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Niaspan Trial AFCAPS/TexCAPS = Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study AHA = American Heart Association AHRQ = Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality AIM-HIGH = Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome With Low HDL/High Triglycerides trial ASCVD = atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ATP = Adult Treatment Panel apo = apolipoprotein BEL = best evidence level BIP = Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention trial BMI = body mass index CABG = coronary artery bypass graft CAC = coronary artery calcification CARDS = Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study CDP = Coronary Drug Project trial CI = confidence interval CIMT = carotid intimal media thickness CKD = chronic kidney disease CPG(s) = clinical practice guideline(s) CRP = C-reactive protein CTT = Cholesterol Treatment Trialists CV = cerebrovascular CVA = cerebrovascular accident EL = evidence level FH = familial hypercholesterolemia FIELD = Secondary Endpoints from the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes trial FOURIER = Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects With Elevated Risk trial HATS = HDL-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol HeFH = heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia HHS = Helsinki Heart Study HIV = human immunodeficiency virus HoFH = homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia HPS = Heart Protection Study HPS2-THRIVE = Treatment of HDL to Reduce the Incidence of Vascular Events trial HR = hazard ratio HRT = hormone replacement therapy hsCRP = high-sensitivity CRP IMPROVE-IT = Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial IRAS = Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study JUPITER = Justification for the Use of Statins in Primary Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol Lp-PLA2 = lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 MACE = major cardiovascular events MESA = Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis MetS = metabolic syndrome MI = myocardial infarction MRFIT = Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial NCEP = National Cholesterol Education Program NHLBI = National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PCOS = polycystic ovary syndrome PCSK9 = proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 Post CABG = Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft trial PROSPER = Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk trial QALY = quality-adjusted life-year ROC = receiver-operator characteristic SOC = standard of care SHARP = Study of Heart and Renal Protection T1DM = type 1 diabetes mellitus T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus TG = triglycerides TNT = Treating to New Targets trial VA-HIT = Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial VLDL-C = very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol WHI = Women's Health Initiative.
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Radler BT, Rigotti A, Ryff CD. Persistently high psychological well-being predicts better HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels: findings from the midlife in the U.S. (MIDUS) longitudinal study. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:1. [PMID: 29298716 PMCID: PMC5751819 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological correlates of blood lipid levels have been previously evaluated mostly in cross sectional studies. However, prospectively measured psychological factors might also predict favorable blood lipid profiles, thereby indicating a healthy mind/body interplay that is associated with less disease, better health and longer lives. Methods This paper examined whether longitudinal profiles of psychological well-being over 9–10 years are predictors of blood lipid profiles. Using the MIDUS (Midlife in the U.S.) biological subsample (n = 1054, aged 34 to 84, 55% female), cross-time trajectories of well-being were linked with three lipid outcomes (i.e., HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol), measured for the first time at the 2nd wave of the study. Results Most adults showed largely stable profiles of well-being, albeit at different levels. Some showed persistently high well-being over time, while others revealed persistently low or moderate well-being. After adjusting for the effect of demographics, health behaviors, medications, and insulin resistance, adults with persistently high levels of environmental mastery and self-acceptance—two components of psychological well-being—had significantly higher levels of HDL as well as significantly lower levels of triglycerides compared to adults with persistently low levels of well-being. Converging with prior findings, no association was found between well-being and LDL cholesterol. Conclusions Over 9–10 years, persistently high levels of psychological well-being measures predicted high HDL cholesterol and low triglycerides. These findings add longitudinal evidence to the growing body of research showing that positive psychological factors are linked with better lipoprotein profiles. A better blood lipid profile, particularly higher HDL-C, may be key in mediating how psychological well-being positively impacts health and length of life. Additional research is required to further validate this hypothesis as well as to establish potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry T Radler
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Institute on Aging, 2245 Medical Science Center, Madison, WI, 53703, USA.
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Marcoleta #367, interior, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol D Ryff
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Institute on Aging, 2245 Medical Science Center, Madison, WI, 53703, USA
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Başaranoğlu S, Ağaçayak E, Uçmak F, Tunç SY, Deregözü A, Akkurt ZM, Peker N, Acet M, Yüksel H, Gül T. The role of vitamin B1-B2 and plasma lipid profile in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. J Perinat Med 2017; 45:461-465. [PMID: 27049609 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2015-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to determine the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and vitamins B1 and B2 in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) patients, and to evaluate if these were involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. METHODS The prospective randomized study included 35 pregnant patients who were admitted to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Polyclinic, Faculty of Medicine at Dicle University and who were diagnosed with ICP (Group 1), and 40 healthy pregnant women who were admitted in the same period and who had no systemic diseases that might complicate the pregnancy during the pregnancy follow-up (Group 2). Serum lipid levels and vitamins B1 and B2 were determined and compared, and statistical comparisons of the groups were made. RESULTS There was no difference between the TG levels of the two groups (P=0.631). Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and vitamin B1 and B2 levels were higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001, and P=0.032, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of vitamins B1 and B2 may indicate a need for increased energy metabolism at the fetus. So we believe that new studies are required, which will be supported by the placental analyses of the pyruvate and lactate levels in maternal blood at delivery and fetal cord blood in order to develop a better understanding on the fetal effects of energy metabolism.
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Chang H, Wang Q, Shi T, Huo K, Li C, Zhang Q, Wang G, Wang Y, Tang B, Wang W, Wang Y. Effect of DanQi Pill on PPARα, lipid disorders and arachidonic acid pathway in rat model of coronary heart disease. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:103. [PMID: 27000070 PMCID: PMC4802898 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Danqi pill (DQP) is one of the most widely prescribed formulas and has been shown to have remarkable protective effect on coronary heart disease (CHD). However, its regulatory effects on lipid metabolism disorders haven’t been comprehensively studied so far. We aimed to explore the effects of DQP on Peroxisome Proliferator activated receptors α (PPARα), lipid uptake-transportation-metabolism pathway and arachidonic acid (AA)-mediated inflammation pathway in rats with CHD. Methods 80 Sprague-Dawley (SD) Rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, positive control group and DQP group. Rat model of CHD was induced by ligation of left ventricle anterior descending artery and fed with high fat diet in all but the sham group. Rats in sham group only underwent thoracotomy. After surgery, rats in the positive control and DQP group received daily treatments of pravastatin and DQP respectively. At 28 days after surgery, rats were sacrificed and plasma lipids were evaluated by plasma biochemical detection. Western blot and PCR were applied to evaluate the expressions of PPARα, proteins involved in lipid metabolism and AA pathways. Results Twenty eight days after surgery, dyslipidemia developed in CHD model rats, as illustrated by elevated plasma lipid levels. Expressions of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and fatty acid binding protein (FABP) in the heart tissues of model group were down-regulated compared with those in sham group. Expressions of carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT-1A) and lipoproteinlipase (LPL) were also reduced significantly. In addition, levels of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were up-regulated. Expressions of Nuclear factor-κB (NF- κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) also increased. Furthermore, Expression of PPARα decreased in the model group. DQP significantly up-regulated expressions of ApoA-I and FABP, as well as the expressions of CPT-1A and CD36. In addition, DQP down-regulated expressions of PLA2, COX-2 and NF-κB in inflammation pathway. Levels of STAT3 and LPL were not affected by DQP treatment. In particular, DQP up-regulated PPARα level significantly. Conclusions DQP could effectively regulate lipid uptake-transportation-metabolism process in CHD model rats, and the effect is achieved mainly by activating ApoA-I-CD36-CPT-1A molecules. Interestingly, DQP can up-regulate expression of PPARα significantly. The anti-inflammatory effect of DQP is partly exerted by inhibiting expressions of PLA2-COX2 -NF-κB pathway.
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Jellinger PS, Smith DA, Mehta AE, Ganda O, Handelsman Y, Rodbard HW, Shepherd MD, Seibel JA. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists' Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis. Endocr Pract 2012; 18 Suppl 1:1-78. [PMID: 22522068 DOI: 10.4158/ep.18.s1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Paroni G, Seripa D, Panza F, Addante F, Copetti M, D’Onofrio G, Pellegrini F, Fontana L, Pilotto A. Klotho locus, metabolic traits, and serum hemoglobin in hospitalized older patients: a genetic association analysis. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:949-968. [PMID: 21695423 PMCID: PMC3682056 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Klotho (KL) gene has been involved in severe alterations of physiological biochemical parameters leading to premature aging-like phenotypes and strikingly shortening lifespan. KL participates to the regulation of a number of intracellular biochemical pathways, including lipid profile and glucose metabolism. Aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between KL locus and biological parameters commonly accepted as indicators of the clinical status in hospitalized older patients. We genotyped the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs9536314, rs1207568, and rs564481 at the KL locus in 594 hospitalized older patients (65-99 years), consecutively attending a geriatric ward, and tested the association of these KL variants with biological quantitative traits using analyses of covariance and genetic risk score models. Significant associations of rs9536314 with serum levels of hemoglobin, albumin, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as well as significant associations of rs564481 with serum levels of hemoglobin, fasting insulin, and fasting glucose were observed. Gender-segregated analyses confirmed these associations, and suggested that the associations of KL genotypes with HDL-C, fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels may be driven by the female gender, while the association with serum levels of hemoglobin may be driven by the male gender. The association of KL genotypes with creatinine levels was found only in females, while the association with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and lymphocytes count (LC) was found only in males. The genetic risk score (GRS) models further confirmed significant associations among KL SNPs and hemoglobin, total cholesterol, and HDL-C. Gender-segregated analyses with the GRS-tagged approach confirmed the associations with HDL-C, fasting glucose, and fasting insulin levels in females, and with hemoglobin and LC in males. Our findings suggested that KL locus may influence quantitative traits such as serum levels of lipid, fasting glucose, albumin and hemoglobin in hospitalized older patients, with some gender differences suggested for creatinine, IGF-1 levels, and LC, thus being one of the genetic factors possibly contributing to age-related diseases and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Paroni
- />Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- />Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- />Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia Italy
| | - Filomena Addante
- />Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- />Unit of Biostatistic, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia Italy
| | - Grazia D’Onofrio
- />Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia Italy
| | - Fabio Pellegrini
- />Unit of Biostatistic, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia Italy
- />Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology of Diabetes and Chronic Diseases, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Fontana
- />Division of Nutrition and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Pilotto
- />Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia Italy
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Venskutonyte L, Rydén L, Nilsson G, Ohrvik J. Mortality prediction in the elderly by an easily measured metabolic index. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2012; 9:226-33. [PMID: 22278735 DOI: 10.1177/1479164111434317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycaemia enhances the risk of cardiovascular events and death, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) is protective. Information on these associations among the elderly population is scanty. We applied a cardiometabolic risk index (CMRI) based on HDLc and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in an elderly Swedish population. METHODS In total, 432 75-year-olds were followed for 10-year mortality. The impact of risk factors on survival was analysed using Cox regression. RESULTS HDLc (mmol/l; median and interquartile range) was 1.6 (1.3-2.0) in women and 1.4 (1.2-1.5) in men, while FPG was 5.9 (5.5-6.6) and 5.9 (5.5-6.5). Some 89 persons were at high risk according to CMRI, and 163 persons died. FPG was related to mortality in women (HR; 95% CI: 1.23; 1.10-1.37) and there was a similar trend in men (1.08; 1.00-1.17; p = 0.061). Increasing HDLc was protective in men (0.38; 0.19-0.77) but not in women (0.77; 0.45-1.29). CMRI was related to mortality in both genders even after adjustment for established risk factors (1.79; 1.14-2.79; p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The CMRI helps identify elderly subjects at risk and may serve as a cost-effective risk prediction tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Venskutonyte
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Williams PT. Low high-density lipoprotein 3 reduces the odds of men surviving to age 85 during 53-year follow-up. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60:430-6. [PMID: 22329432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions associated with longevity in men. DESIGN Fifty-three-year prospective follow-up of Gofman's Livermore Cohort between 1954 and 2008. SETTING Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS One thousand one hundred forty-four men who consented to the study, had analytic ultracentrifuge measurements of lipoprotein subfractions at baseline, and were old enough at baseline to have survived to age 85 during follow-up. MEASUREMENTS Survival was determined according to participant contact, Social Security Death Index, and National Death Index. RESULTS Three hundred ninety men survived to 85 years old (34.1%). Survivors were less likely than nonsurvivors to be in the lowest HDL3 (% (standard error) 18.5% (2.0%) vs 27.3% (1.6%), P < .001) and HDL2 (22.1% (2.1%) vs 27.7% (1.6%), P = .04) quartiles. Logistic regression analyses showed that the lowest HDL3 quartile significantly predicted shorter longevity (P = .002), whereas the linear increases per mg/dL of HDL3 did not (P = .38), suggesting a risk threshold proximal to the 25th percentile. Men who were above the 25th HDL3 percentile had 70% greater odds of surviving until age 85 than those below this level, which persisted when adjusted for HDL2, very low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and standard risk factors. Proportional hazard analyses of survival before age 85 showed that being in the lowest HDL3 quartile increased age-adjusted cancer risk by 39% (P = .05) and noncancer risk by 23% (P = .04) when adjusted for other risk factors. Survivors also smoked less (mean ± SD 0.31 ± 0.48 vs 0.57 ± 0.56 packs/d, P < .001), had lower systolic (118.36 ± 11.08 vs 122.81 ± 13.55 mmHg, P < .001) and diastolic (70.61 ± 8.59 vs 73.14 ± 9.22 mmHg, P < .001) blood pressures and lower LDL mass (359.55 ± 80.42 vs 374.37 ± 86.10 mg/dL, P = .009) and total cholesterol concentrations (229.51 ± 43.21 vs 235.89 ± 45.40 mg/dL, P = .04) than nonsurvivors. CONCLUSION Low HDL3 reduces the odds of extended survival in men, independent of HDL2, other lipoproteins, and standard risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Williams
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Luoma PV. Gene activation regresses atherosclerosis, promotes health, and enhances longevity. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:67. [PMID: 20604930 PMCID: PMC2909992 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle factors and pharmacological compounds activate genetic mechanisms that influence the development of atherosclerotic and other diseases. This article reviews studies on natural and pharmacological gene activation that promotes health and enhances longevity. Results Living habits including healthy diet and regular physical activity, and pharmacotherapy, upregulate genes encoding enzymes and apolipoprotein and ATP-binding cassette transporters, acting in metabolic processes that promote health and increase survival. Cytochrome P450-enzymes, physiological factors in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis, generate oxysterols for the elimination of surplus cholesterol. Hepatic CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase-α is an important regulator of plasma HDL-C level. Gene-activators produce plasma lipoprotein profile, high HDL-C, HDL2-C and HDL-C/cholesterol ratio, which is typical of low risk of atherosclerotic disease, and also of exceptional longevity together with reduced prevalence of cardiovascular, metabolic and other diseases. High HDL contributes to protection against inflammation, oxidation and thrombosis, and associates with good cognitive function in very old people. Avoiding unhealthy stress and managing it properly promotes health and increases life expectancy. Conclusions Healthy living habits and gene-activating xenobiotics upregulate mechanisms that produce lipoprotein pattern typical of very old people and enhance longevity. Lipoprotein metabolism and large HDL2 associate with the process of living a very long life. Major future goals for health promotion are the improving of commitment to both wise lifestyle choices and drug therapy, and further the developing of new and more effective and well tolerated drugs and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauli V Luoma
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Birjmohun RS, Vergeer M, Stroes ESG, Sandhu MS, Ricketts SL, Tanck MW, Wareham NJ, Jukema JW, Kastelein JJP, Khaw KT, Boekholdt SM. Both paraoxonase-1 genotype and activity do not predict the risk of future coronary artery disease; the EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6809. [PMID: 19710913 PMCID: PMC2728540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme, that resides on high-density lipoprotein (HDL). PON1-activity, is heavily influenced by the PON1-Q192R polymorphism. PON1 is considered to protect against atherosclerosis, but it is unclear whether this relation is independent of its carrier, HDL. In order to evaluate the atheroprotective potential of PON1, we assessed the relationships among PON1-genotype, PON1-activity and risk of future coronary artery disease (CAD), in a large prospective case-control study. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Cases (n = 1138) were apparently healthy men and women aged 45-79 years who developed fatal or nonfatal CAD during a mean follow-up of 6 years. Controls (n = 2237) were matched by age, sex and enrollment time. PON1-activity was similar in cases and controls (60.7+/-45.3 versus 62.6+/-45.8 U/L, p = 0.3) and correlated with HDL-cholesterol levels (r = 0.16, p<0.0001). The PON1-Q192R polymorphism had a profound impact on PON1-activity, but did not predict CAD risk (Odds Ratio [OR] per R allele 0.98[0.84-1.15], p = 0.8). Using conditional logistic regression, quartiles of PON1-activity showed a modest inverse relation with CAD risk (OR for the highest versus the lowest quartile 0.77[0.63-0.95], p = 0.01; p-trend = 0.06). PON1-activity adjusted for Q192R polymorphism correlated better with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.26, p<0.0001) and more linearly predicted CAD risk (0.79[0.64-0.98], p = 0.03; p-trend = 0.008). However, these relationships were abolished after adjustment for HDL (particles-cholesterol-size) and apolipoproteinA-I (0.94[0.74-1.18], p-trend = 0.3). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study, shows that PON1-activity inversely relates to CAD risk, but not independent of HDL, due to its close association with the HDL-particle. These data strongly suggest that a low PON1-activity is not a causal factor in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh S Birjmohun
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Radzki RP, Bieńko M, Pierzynowski SG. Effect of dietary alpha‐ketoglutarate on blood lipid profile during hypercholesterolaemia in rats. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2009; 69:175-80. [DOI: 10.1080/00365510802464633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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The dependence between urinary mercury concentration and carotid arterial intima-media thickness in workers occupationally exposed to mercury vapour. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2009; 22:135-42. [DOI: 10.2478/v10001-009-0017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Dedoussis GV, Kanoni S, Mariani E, Cattini L, Herbein G, Fulop T, Varin A, Rink L, Jajte J, Monti D, Marcellini F, Malavolta M, Mocchegiani E. Mediterranean diet and plasma concentration of inflammatory markers in old and very old subjects in the ZINCAGE population study. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:990-6. [PMID: 18605965 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with low-grade elevation of circulating inflammatory markers, leading to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The Mediterranean diet has been suggested as a determinant of longevity. In the current study, we investigated the impact of the Mediterranean diet on inflammatory status in old subjects. METHODS Within the ZINCAGE study, 957 healthy old subjects (>or=60 years old) from five European countries were recruited. Plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured. Dietary data were collected applying a food frequency questionnaire and were used to estimate adherence to the Mediterranean diet. RESULTS The Italians presented the greatest adherence to the Mediterranean diet, while the Polish the poorest. In females, higher diet score was significantly associated with lower body mass index and ESR and higher HDL-C levels (beta=-0.127, p=0.003; beta=-0.144, p=0.001; beta=0.144, p=0.029, respectively). In males, diet score was negatively associated with IL-8 levels (beta=-0.101, p=0.044). The Mediterranean diet was associated with reduced IL-8 concentrations in Greeks (beta=-0.213, p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS There were significant effects of the components of the Mediterranean diet on inflammation markers. The Mediterranean diet score is useful in assessing nutritional influence on immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- George V Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition Science and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Krilov D, Balarin M, Kosović M, Brnjas-Kraljević J. Location of PRODAN in lipid layer of HDL particle: a Raman study. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2008; 37:1105-10. [PMID: 18256818 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-008-0273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
FT Raman spectroscopy has been applied to determine the location of PRODAN within HDL and to investigate its influence on the structure of the particle. The complex spectra of HDL and HDL labeled with PRODAN were divided into three regions according to the wave numbers, and adherent spectra were compared separately. Additionally, recorded spectra of protein and lipid fractions of HDL were used as a support for the assignment of particular vibrations in intact particles. In high frequency region, the shift in vibrational frequencies of CH3 groups but almost negligible shift of CH2 groups suggests that PRODAN is situated at the water/lipid interface in the vicinity of the protein. The statement is supported by the observed influence of PRODAN on particular lipid vibrations of phospholipids head-groups. In the fingerprint region, the influence of PRODAN is observed as the slight change in beta-strand secondary structure of apolipoprotein and strongly reduced vibrations of the acyl chain in lipids. That additionally confirms that PRODAN mainly interacts with the lipid domain of the particle. In the low frequency region, the lack of change in Tyr Fermi resonance doublet and only slight differences in the pattern of CS and SS stretching vibrations in labeled HDL confirms that PRODAN has no influence on structure of apolipoprotein embedded in lipid domain. The main conclusions drawn from the vibrational spectra of HDL with and without PRODAN clearly confirm that PRODAN induces negligible changes in HDL structure and hence is reliable fluorescent label for the structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Krilov
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Zagreb, Medical School, Salata 3b, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Galioto A, Dominguez LJ, Pineo A, Ferlisi A, Putignano E, Belvedere M, Costanza G, Barbagallo M. Cardiovascular risk factors in centenarians. Exp Gerontol 2008; 43:106-13. [PMID: 17689040 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Revised: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that centenarians have better cardiovascular risk profiles compared to younger old people. Some reports have revealed that cardiovascular diseases (i.e. hypertension, diabetes, angina and/or myocardial infarction) are less common in centenarians respect to 70 and 80 years old persons. In order to explain this evidence, there is a growing number of hypothesis that consider a combination of genetic factors and lifestyle aspects to elucidate the exceptional longevity of centenarians, able to overcome the most frequent mortality cause, which is a cardiovascular event. It has been suggested that a role on this better cardiovascular risk profile may be played by the increasing use of pharmacologic treatments in the elderly population (specially for hypertension and dyslipidemia), but the contribution of drug treatments to promote extreme longevity is not confirmed. Furthermore, centenarians in general have needed fewer drugs at younger ages due to a healthy lifestyle. The importance of the genetic contribution is demonstrated by the inheritance of low-risk cardiovascular profiles in centenarian offspring and lower prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in this population as compared with their spouses or with age-matched subjects without centenarian parents. Another advantage in centenarians' offspring seems to be a delay in the onset for cardiovascular diseases, respect to age- and sex-matched controls. Cardiovascular risk factors mirror the factors that contribute to longevity. Hence, it is not surprising that these risk factors are less prevalent in centenarians when compared to younger old individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Galioto
- Geriatric Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Emerging Pathologies, University of Palermo, Viale Fco. Scaduto 6/c, 90144 Palermo, Italy
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19
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Volpato S, Ble A, Metter EJ, Lauretani F, Bandinelli S, Zuliani G, Fellin R, Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and objective measures of lower extremity performance in older nondisabled persons: the InChianti study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56:621-9. [PMID: 18205758 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the independent association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and objective measures of lower extremity performance. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING Community-based. PARTICIPANTS Eight hundred thirty-six nondisabled women and men aged 65 and older enrolled in the Invecchiare in Chianti study. MEASUREMENTS Lower extremity performance was assessed using 4-m walking speed at fast pace, 400-m walking speed, and knee extension torque. Fasting HDL-C levels were determined using commercial enzymatic tests. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 73.7 (65-92), and 55.6% were women. After adjusting for potential confounders (sociodemographic factors, smoking, physical activity, body composition, and clinical conditions including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, inflammatory markers, and serum testosterone) HDL-C levels were significantly associated with knee extension torque in men and women and with 4-m and 400-m walking speed in men. Men in the highest tertile of the HDL-C distribution (>55 mg/dL) had, on average, a three times greater probability of belonging to the best tertile of all indexes of lower extremity performance, including 4-m fast walking speed (odds ratio (OR)=2.57, 95%=confidence interval (CI)=1.07-6.17), 400-m walking speed (OR=3.74, 95% CI=1.20-11.7), and knee extension torque (OR=3.63, 95%=CI 1.41-9.33). Path analysis suggested a direct relationship between HDL-C and knee extension torque. CONCLUSION In older nondisabled persons, HDL-C levels are highly correlated with knee extension torque and walking speed. Further research should focus on the biological mechanism of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Volpato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Wilding JPH, Gause-Nilsson I, Persson A. Tesaglitazar, as add-on therapy to sulphonylurea, dose-dependently improves glucose and lipid abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2007; 4:194-203. [PMID: 17907109 DOI: 10.3132/dvdr.2007.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, multicentre study investigated the effects of the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha/gamma agonist, tesaglitazar (0.5 and 1 mg), as add-on treatment in 568 patients with type 2 diabetes that was poorly controlled with sulphonylurea therapy titrated to the highest tolerated dose. There was a significant placebo-corrected reduction in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) from baseline to week 24 with tesaglitazar 0.5 mg and 1 mg (mean [95% confidence interval]: -0.93% [-1.09, -0.77] and -1.3% [-1.46, -1.14]; p<0.0001). Significant reductions were observed in insulin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (all p<0.001) and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p<0.001). Tesaglitazar increased levels of HDL-cholesterol (p<0.0001), adiponectin (p<0.0001) and leptin (p<0.001), but was associated with dose-dependent increases in serum creatinine and decreases in haemoglobin. This study showed improvements in glycaemic control and dyslipidaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled with existing sulphonylurea therapy. Although tesaglitazar has now been discontinued from clinical development, these results remain relevant to future research into PPAR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P H Wilding
- Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK.
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Kanoni S, Dedoussis G, Manios Y, Malavolta M, Mocchegiani E. Health status, blood and anthropometrical indices from Greek old and nonagenarian subjects. Biogerontology 2007; 7:329-37. [PMID: 16953333 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-006-9047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As the elderly population is increasing rapidly, there is a lot of scientific interest in clarifying the differential life-style, genetic, biochemical and molecular factors contributing to mortality or exceptional longevity. Within the framework of the ZINCAGE project, 249 old (60-85 years) and nonagenarian Greek subjects (>/=85 years old) were recruited and anthropometrical, blood and biochemical indices as well as blood pressure measurements were obtained. Based upon the inclusion criteria, 214 of them were characterized as healthy (136 female, 78 male), while those characterized as non-healthy were excluded from the statistical analysis. The findings indicated an 88.4% prevalence of overweight and obesity in elderly (91.2% in women, 83.3% in men), while a significant decrease in body mass index with age was recorded. Hypercholesterolemia was observed in 75.3% of elderly women and in 69.2% of men. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate value was increased in 27.6% of all healthy elderly, while zinc deficiency was observed in 18.7% of elderly. Over 85.0% of all healthy elderly were within normal range for all other hematological analysis. Blood analysis confirmed the good health status of the elderly recruited as healthy, except for the high prevalence of obesity and hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Kanoni
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou str, 17671 , Kallithea-Athens, Greece
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Schwingel A, Nakata Y, Ito LS, Chodzko-Zajko WJ, Shigematsu R, Erb CT, Souza SM, Oba-Shinjo SM, Matsuo T, Marie SKN, Tanaka K. Lower HDL-cholesterol among healthy middle-aged Japanese-Brazilians in São Paulo compared to Natives and Japanese-Brazilians in Japan. Eur J Epidemiol 2007; 22:33-42. [PMID: 17225956 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-006-9093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Blood lipid levels are determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Higher than average values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) have been observed in people of Japanese ethnicity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Japanese immigrants to Brazil and subsequent generations maintain the protective benefits associated with higher levels of HDL-cholesterol, and to examine the potential associations between HDL-cholesterol and a variety of other blood lipids, anthropometric and lifestyle factors. Healthy men and women aged 35 years and older who were Native Japanese (n = 198) or Japanese-Brazilians (JB) living in São Paulo, Brazil (n = 198) and in some Japanese cities (n = 246) were investigated. Anthropometric variables, blood lipids including HDL-cholesterol, and lifestyle factors were assessed. Serum HDL-cholesterol was observed to be lower for JB in São Paulo (both women and men) compared with Natives and JB in Japan. Among the groups, triglycerides, waist circumference, LDL-cholesterol, meat intake, stress, and smoking were observed to be independently negatively associated with HDL-cholesterol, whereas total cholesterol, fish intake, and physical activity were positively associated. Lower levels of HDL-cholesterol among both men and women of JB in São Paulo compared with both other groups were confirmed even after lifestyle adjustments. Our findings highlight the significantly lower levels of HDL-cholesterol among Japanese-Brazilians living in São Paulo city compared to Japanese-Brazilians and Native Japanese residing in Japan. Although several lifestyle factors were found to be significantly associated with HDL-cholesterol, they cannot adequately explain the role of the Brazilian cultural environment on HDL-cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andiara Schwingel
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Sports Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.
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Nofer JR, Walter M, Assmann G. Current understanding of the role of high-density lipoproteins in atherosclerosis and senescence. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2006; 3:1071-86. [PMID: 16292998 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.3.6.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiologic and interventional studies revealed that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. There are several well documented HDL functions that may account for the antiatherogenic effects of this lipoprotein. The best recognized of these is the capacity of HDL to transport cholesterol from the periphery to the liver, and thereby prevent cholesterol deposition in the arterial wall. Further properties of HDL that may also be antiatherogenic include its potent anti oxidative and anti-inflammatory action. In addition, HDL seems to be involved in processes related to senescence at both the cellular and whole-organism level. Both protein components of HDL (such as apolipoprotein A-I) and its lipid components (such as, lysosphingolipids) appear to mediate the antiatherogenic and anti-aging effects of HDL. The purpose of this review is to summarize the novel functions of HDL that may protect from atherosclerosis and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy-Roch Nofer
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert Schweizer Str. 33 D-48129, Münster, Germany.
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Dallinga-Thie GM, van Tol A, Hattori H, Rensen PCN, Sijbrands EJG. Plasma phospholipid transfer protein activity is decreased in type 2 diabetes during treatment with atorvastatin: a role for apolipoprotein E? Diabetes 2006; 55:1491-6. [PMID: 16644710 DOI: 10.2337/db05-1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) plays an important role in lipoprotein metabolism. PLTP activity is elevated in patients with diabetes, a condition with strongly elevated risk for coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that statins reduce PLTP activity and to examine the potential role of apolipoprotein E (apoE). PLTP activity and apoE were measured in patients with type 2 diabetes from the DALI (Diabetes Atorvastatin Lipid Intervention) Study, a 30-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial with atorvastatin (10 and 80 mg daily). At baseline, PLTP activity was positively correlated with waist circumference, HbA(1c), glucose, and apoE (all P < 0.05). Atorvastatin treatment resulted in decreased PLTP activity (10 mg atorvastatin: -8.3%, P < 0.05; 80 mg atorvastatin: -12.1%, P < 0.002). Plasma apoE decreased by 28 and 36%, respectively (P < 0.001). The decrease in apoE was strongly related to the decrease in PLTP activity (r = 0.565, P < 0.001). The change in apoE remained the sole determinant of the change in PLTP activity in a multivariate model. The activity of PLTP in type 2 diabetes is decreased by atorvastatin. The association between the decrease in PLTP activity and apoE during statin treatment supports the hypothesis that apoE may prevent PLTP inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geesje M Dallinga-Thie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Bd 277, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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Dann AT, Kenyon AP, Wierzbicki AS, Seed PT, Shennan AH, Tribe RM. Plasma lipid profiles of women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 107:106-14. [PMID: 16394047 DOI: 10.1097/01.aog.0000189096.94874.9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is associated with dyslipidemia, but the gestational lipid profile in relation to clinical diagnosis of the disease is unknown. The aim of this study was to undertake a detailed analysis of plasma lipids in women presenting with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and pruritus gravidarum. METHODS Plasma lipid concentrations were assessed in nonfasting blood samples from 63 women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (n = 54, recruited at the time of diagnosis, and n = 9, who later developed the disease), 43 women with pruritus gravidarum, and 26 healthy pregnant controls during pregnancy and at 4-6 weeks postpartum. RESULTS Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was associated with an abnormal lipid profile. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein B-100, and total cholesterol concentrations were significantly raised during pregnancy in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy compared with pruritus gravidarum and controls, and LDL-cholesterol was raised before clinical diagnosis. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy compared with the pruritus gravidarum group. Ursodeoxycholic acid did not alter plasma lipid concentrations. CONCLUSION Intrahepatic cholestasis is associated with dyslipidemia, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. The elevation of LDL cholesterol and reduction of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol before clinical diagnosis may prove to be a useful biomarker for the early identification of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and differentiation from pruritus gravidarum. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T Dann
- Division of Reproductive Health, Endocrinology and Development, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Fuster V, Moreno PR, Fayad ZA, Corti R, Badimon JJ. Atherothrombosis and high-risk plaque: part I: evolving concepts. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46:937-54. [PMID: 16168274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Revised: 01/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherothrombosis is a complex disease in which cholesterol deposition, inflammation, and thrombus formation play a major role. Rupture of high-risk, vulnerable plaques is responsible for coronary thrombosis, the main cause of unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. In addition to rupture, plaque erosion may also lead to occlusive thrombosis and acute coronary events. Atherothrombosis can be evaluated according to histologic criteria, most commonly categorized by the American Heart Association (AHA) classification. However, this classification does not include the thin cap fibroatheroma, the most common form of high-risk, vulnerable plaque. Furthermore, the AHA classification does not include plaque erosion. As a result, new classifications have emerged and are reviewed in this article. The disease is asymptomatic during a long period and dramatically changes its course when complicated by thrombosis. This is summarized in five phases, from early lesions to plaque rupture, followed by plaque healing and fibrocalcification. For the early phases, the role of endothelial dysfunction, cholesterol transport, high-density lipoprotein, and proteoglycans are discussed. Furthermore, the innate and adaptive immune response to autoantigens, the Toll-like receptors, and the mechanisms of calcification are carefully analyzed. For the advanced phases, the role of eccentric remodeling, vasa vasorum neovascularization, and mechanisms of plaque rupture are systematically evaluated. In the final thrombosis section, focal and circulating tissue factor associated with apoptotic macrophages and circulatory monocytes is examined, closing the link between inflammation, plaque rupture, and blood thrombogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Fuster
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and the Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Shah PK, Chyu KY. Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Peptides: Potential Role in Atherosclerosis Management. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2005; 15:291-6. [PMID: 16297766 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Revised: 09/15/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherothrombotic vascular disease continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in much of the world. Although a healthy lifestyle and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering significantly reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, substantial number of adverse vasoocclusive events continue to occur. These realities have brought attention to additional therapies that could further reduce cardiovascular events. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)/apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I)-based therapies are a potential therapeutic strategy against atherothrombotic vascular disease because of the known inverse relationship between HDL cholesterol and coronary heart disease, favorable and pleotrophic biologic effects of HDL/apo A-I, results of preclinical experimental studies, and emerging proof of concept in clinical studies. A variety of HDL/apo A-I-based therapies are currently under investigation, including synthetic peptides that mimic the function of HDL. Such apo A-I mimetic peptides are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prediman K Shah
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The ability of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to reverse atherosclerosis and reduce cardiovascular disease has been shown in several randomized controlled trials. One mechanism by which high-density lipoprotein cholesterol protects the vascular system includes hemorheology, the study of blood flow. RECENT FINDINGS Blood viscosity, or the resistance of flow, can be altered by red blood cell aggregation, red blood cell deformability, and plasma viscosity. Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels may improve all of these rheological mediators. An infusion of recombinant high-density lipoprotein cholesterol can immediately release nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator and responder to changes in rheology, into the arteries by activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. The stimulation of nitric oxide release by high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may also alter blood rheology. SUMMARY In this article, we will review hemorheology, particularly blood viscosity along with other hemorheological factors, and examine their association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Moriarty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Bhalodkar NC, Blum S, Rana T, Kitchappa R, Bhalodkar AN, Enas EA. Comparison of high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol subclasses and sizes in Asian Indian women with Caucasian women from the Framingham Offspring Study. Clin Cardiol 2005; 28:247-51. [PMID: 15971461 PMCID: PMC6654695 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960280510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2004] [Accepted: 02/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian Indian women have a higher rate of coronary artery disease (CAD) than do other ethnic groups, despite similar conventional risk factors and lipid profiles. Smaller high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) particle size is associated with reduced cardiac protection or even an increased risk of CAD. Exceptional longevity correlates better with larger HDL-C particle sizes. HYPOTHESIS Higher rates of CAD among Asian Indian women may partly be explained by the differenes in the prevalence of atherogenic HDL-C and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) sizes and their subclass concentrations among Asian Indian women compared with Caucasian women. METHODS We measured HDL-C concentrations and sizes by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 119 relatively healthy Asian Indian women and compared them with those of 1752 Caucasian women from the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS). RESULTS Asian Indian women were significantly younger (47.9 +/- 11.2 vs. 51.0 +/- 10.1 years, p = 0.0001), leaner (body mass index 24.0 +/- 4.7 vs. 26.0 +/- 5.6, p = < 0.0002), less likely to be postmenopausal (32 vs. 54%, p = < 0.0001), or smoke (< 1 vs. 20%, p = < 0.0001); nevertheless, prevalence of CAD was higher in Asian Indian women (4.2 vs. 1%, p = 0.0006). Asian Indian women had similar HDL-C (53 +/- 13 vs. 53 +/- 13 mg/dl, p = 0.99), smaller HDL-C particle size (8.9 +/- 0.35 vs. 9.4 +/- 0.44 nm, p = < 0.0001), higher total cholesterol (209 +/- 40 vs. 199 +/- 42 mg/dl, p = 0.01), and similar triglyceride (120 +/- 77 vs. 108 +/- 110 mg/d, p = 0.24) levels. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, particle concentrations and sizes, as well as prevalence of pattern B were similar. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the FOS, Asian Indian women have significantly smaller overall HDL particle size and similar levels of HDL-C, which may reflect impaired, reverse cholesterol transport. Total cholesterol was higher, whereas triglyceride and LDL-C levels were similar. This may partly explain the higher CAD rates in Asian Indian women. Further large scale, prospective, long-term studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra C Bhalodkar
- Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center-Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10457, USA.
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Ordovas JM, Mooser V. Genes, lipids and aging: is it all accounted for by cardiovascular disease risk?: editorial review. Curr Opin Lipidol 2005; 16:121-6. [PMID: 15767851 DOI: 10.1097/01.mol.0000162316.01431.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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