1
|
Wang HY, Capuano AW, Khan A, Pei Z, Lee KC, Bennett DA, Ahima RS, Arnold SE, Arvanitakis Z. Insulin and adipokine signaling and their cross-regulation in postmortem human brain. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:119-130. [PMID: 31539648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant insulin and adipokine signaling has been implicated in cognitive decline associated with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases. We established methods that reliably measure insulin, adiponectin and leptin signaling, and their crosstalk, in thawed postmortem mid-frontal cortical tissue from cognitively normal older subjects with a short postmortem interval. Insulin-evoked insulin receptor (IR) activation increases activated, tyrosine-phosphorylated IRβ on tyrosine residues 960, 1150, and 1151, insulin receptor substrate-1 recruitment to IRβ and phosphorylated RAC-α-serine/threonine-protein kinase. Adiponectin augments, but leptin inhibits, insulin signaling. Adiponectin activates adiponectin receptors to induce APPL1 binding to adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 and T-cadherin and downstream adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation. Insulin inhibited adiponectin-induced signaling. In addition, leptin-induced leptin receptor (OB-R) signaling promotes Janus kinase 2 recruitment to OB-R and Janus kinase 2 and downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation. Insulin enhanced leptin signaling. These data demonstrate insulin and adipokine signaling interactions in human brain. Future studies can use these methods to examine insulin, adiponectin, and leptin metabolic dysregulation in aging and disease states, such as type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease-related dementias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoau-Yan Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amber Khan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhe Pei
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kuo-Chieh Lee
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Neurology and the Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Central Administration of 1-Deoxynojirimycin Attenuates Hypothalamic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Regulates Food Intake and Body Weight in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3607089. [PMID: 28798799 PMCID: PMC5535735 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3607089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The α-glucosidase inhibitor, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), is widely used for its antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. Researchers have demonstrated that DNJ regulates body weight by increasing adiponectin levels, which affects energy intake and prevents diet-induced obesity. However, the mechanism by which centrally administered DNJ exerts anorexigenic effects has not been studied until now. We investigated the effect of DNJ in the hypothalamus of mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Results showed that intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of DNJ reduced hypothalamic ER stress, which activated the leptin-induced Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway to cause appetite suppression. We conclude that DNJ may reduce obesity by moderating feeding behavior and ER stress in the hypothalamic portion of the central nervous system (CNS).
Collapse
|
3
|
Gómez-Hernández A, Beneit N, Díaz-Castroverde S, Escribano Ó. Differential Role of Adipose Tissues in Obesity and Related Metabolic and Vascular Complications. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:1216783. [PMID: 27766104 PMCID: PMC5059561 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1216783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the contribution of white, brown, and perivascular adipose tissues to the pathophysiology of obesity and its associated metabolic and vascular complications. Weight gain in obesity generates excess of fat, usually visceral fat, and activates the inflammatory response in the adipocytes and then in other tissues such as liver. Therefore, low systemic inflammation responsible for insulin resistance contributes to atherosclerotic process. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between body mass index and brown adipose tissue activity has been described. For these reasons, in recent years, in order to combat obesity and its related complications, as a complement to conventional treatments, a new insight is focusing on the role of the thermogenic function of brown and perivascular adipose tissues as a promising therapy in humans. These lines of knowledge are focused on the design of new drugs, or other approaches, in order to increase the mass and/or activity of brown adipose tissue or the browning process of beige cells from white adipose tissue. These new treatments may contribute not only to reduce obesity but also to prevent highly prevalent complications such as type 2 diabetes and other vascular alterations, such as hypertension or atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Beneit
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabela Díaz-Castroverde
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Obesity ensues from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure that results from gene-environment interactions, which favour a positive energy balance. A society that promotes unhealthy food and encourages sedentary lifestyle (that is, an obesogenic environment) has become a major contributory factor in excess fat deposition in individuals predisposed to obesity. Energy homeostasis relies upon control of energy intake as well as expenditure, which is in part determined by the themogenesis of brown adipose tissue and mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Several areas of the brain that constitute cognitive and autonomic brain systems, which in turn form networks involved in the control of appetite and thermogenesis, also contribute to energy homeostasis. These networks include the dopamine mesolimbic circuit, as well as the opioid, endocannabinoid and melanocortin systems. The activity of these networks is modulated by peripheral factors such as hormones derived from adipose tissue and the gut, which access the brain via the circulation and neuronal signalling pathways to inform the central nervous system about energy balance and nutritional status. In this Review, I focus on the determinants of energy homeostasis that have emerged as prominent factors relevant to obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Richard
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Whittle AJ, Walsh J, de Lecea L. Light and chemical control of neuronal circuits: possible applications in neurotherapy. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 14:1007-17. [PMID: 25115180 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.948850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide suffer from diseases that result from a failure of central pathways to regulate behavioral and physiological processes. Advances in genetics and pharmacology have already allowed us to appreciate that rather than this dysregulation being systemic throughout the brain, it is usually rooted in specific subsets of dysfunctional cells within discrete neurological circuits. This article discusses the advent of opto- and chemogenetic tools and how they are providing the means to dissect these circuits with a degree of temporal and spatial sensitivity not previously possible. We also highlight the potential applications for treating disease and the key developments likely to have the greatest impact over the next 5 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Whittle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang Y, Song NN, Lan W, Hu L, Su CJ, Ding YQ, Zhang L. Expression of transcription factor Satb2 in adult mouse brain. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:452-61. [PMID: 23386513 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigations on the expression and function of special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2 (Satb2) are largely limited to the cerebral cortex. Here, we explore the expression of Satb2 thoroughly by immunohistochemistry in the adult mouse central nervous system (CNS). Besides the cerebral cortex, we found that Satb2 is specifically expressed in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, horizontal limb of the diagonal band, lateral hypothalamic area, arcuate nucleus, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, ventral tegmental nucleus, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, rostral periolivary region, and parabrachial nucleus. Double immunostaining showed that Satb2 is exclusively expressed in the excitatory neurons of neocortex. In addition, Satb2 is specifically expressed in A12 group of hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons and in serotonergic neurons in the dorsal part of the dorsal raphe nucleus. Our results present a comprehensive overview of Satb2 expression in the adult brain and provide insights for studying the role of Satb2 in the mature CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rendenbach C, Ganswindt S, Seitz S, Barvencik F, Huebner AK, Baranowsky A, Streichert T, Niemeier A, Heeren J, Amling M, Bartelt A, Schinke T. Increased expression of transthyretin in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice is not causative for their major phenotypic abnormalities. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:14-22. [PMID: 22849972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The hormone leptin is a critical regulator of adipogenesis and energy metabolism. Similarly, leptin-deficient ob/ob mice display various metabolic abnormalities, including not only obesity and insulin resistance, but also hypogonadism and high bone mass. By genome-wide expression analysis using hypothalamus RNA from wild-type and ob/ob mice, we observed the increased expression of the gene for transthyretin (Ttr) in the latter, as confirmed by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction. Because Ttr encodes a carrier protein for retinol transport, and because we further found increased retinol levels in the serum of ob/ob mice, we investigated whether the additional absence of Ttr would influence the ob/ob phenotype. It was found that Ttr-deficient ob/ob mice were indistinguishable from ob/ob littermates in terms of body weight, as well as serum glucose, insulin and cholesterol levels. Although all of these parameters were identical to wild-type controls in Ttr-deficient mice, we found that the sole deletion of Ttr caused a significant increase of trabecular bone mass, bone marrow adiposity and mean adipocyte area in white adipose tissue. Interestingly, all these latter parameters were highest in Ttr-deficient ob/ob mice, and only in these mice did we observe a full penetrance of liver steatosis at 24 weeks of age. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the increased expression of Ttr in ob/ob mice does not cause (but rather attenuates) their phenotypic abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Rendenbach
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alemany M. Adjustment to dietary energy availability: from starvation to overnutrition. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
9
|
Stranahan AM, Martin B, Chadwick W, Park SS, Wang L, Becker KG, WoodIII WH, Zhang Y, Maudsley S. Metabolic context regulates distinct hypothalamic transcriptional responses to antiaging interventions. Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012:732975. [PMID: 22934110 PMCID: PMC3427989 DOI: 10.1155/2012/732975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is an essential relay in the neural circuitry underlying energy metabolism that needs to continually adapt to changes in the energetic environment. The neuroendocrine control of food intake and energy expenditure is associated with, and likely dependent upon, hypothalamic plasticity. Severe disturbances in energy metabolism, such as those that occur in obesity, are therefore likely to be associated with disruption of hypothalamic transcriptomic plasticity. In this paper, we investigated the effects of two well-characterized antiaging interventions, caloric restriction and voluntary wheel running, in two distinct physiological paradigms, that is, diabetic (db/db) and nondiabetic wild-type (C57/Bl/6) animals to investigate the contextual sensitivity of hypothalamic transcriptomic responses. We found that, both quantitatively and qualitatively, caloric restriction and physical exercise were associated with distinct transcriptional signatures that differed significantly between diabetic and non-diabetic mice. This suggests that challenges to metabolic homeostasis regulate distinct hypothalamic gene sets in diabetic and non-diabetic animals. A greater understanding of how genetic background contributes to hypothalamic response mechanisms could pave the way for the development of more nuanced therapeutics for the treatment of metabolic disorders that occur in diverse physiological backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M. Stranahan
- Physiology Department, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- *Alexis M. Stranahan:
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
| | - Wayne Chadwick
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
| | - Liyun Wang
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
| | - William H. WoodIII
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Panariello F, Polsinelli G, Borlido C, Monda M, De Luca V. The role of leptin in antipsychotic-induced weight gain: genetic and non-genetic factors. J Obes 2012; 2012:572848. [PMID: 22523667 PMCID: PMC3317122 DOI: 10.1155/2012/572848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic and disabling mental illness affecting millions of people worldwide. A greater proportion of people with schizophrenia tends to be overweight. Antipsychotic medications have been considered the primary risk factor for obesity in schizophrenia, although the mechanisms by which they increase weight and produce metabolic disturbances are unclear. Several lines of research indicate that leptin could be a good candidate involved in pathways linking antipsychotic treatment and weight gain. Leptin is a circulating hormone released by adipocytes in response to increased fat deposition to regulate body weight, acting through receptors in the hypothalamus. In this work, we reviewed preclinical, clinical, and genetic data in order to infer the potential role played by leptin in antipsychotic-induced weight gain considering two main hypotheses: (1) leptin is an epiphenomenon of weight gain; (2) leptin is a consequence of antipsychotic-induced "leptin-resistance status," causing weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Panariello
- Spedali Civili Brescia, Department Mental Health, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gina Polsinelli
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, room 30, 250 College street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Carol Borlido
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, room 30, 250 College street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, room 30, 250 College street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
- *Vincenzo De Luca:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gardi J, Nelson OL, Robbins CT, Szentirmai É, Kapás L, Krueger JM. Energy homeostasis regulatory peptides in hibernating grizzly bears. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 172:181-3. [PMID: 21187098 PMCID: PMC3263427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) are inactive for up to 6 months during hibernation. They undergo profound seasonal changes in food intake, body mass, and energy expenditure. The circa-annual regulation of metabolism is poorly understood. In this study, we measured plasma ghrelin, leptin, obestatin, and neuropeptide-Y (NPY) levels, hormones known to be involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, in ten grizzly bears. Blood samples were collected during the active summer period, early hibernation and late hibernation. Plasma levels of leptin, obestatin, and NPY did not change between the active and the hibernation periods. Plasma total ghrelin and desacyl-ghrelin concentrations significantly decreased during the inactive winter period compared to summer levels. The elevated ghrelin levels may help enhance body mass during pre-hibernation, while the low plasma ghrelin concentrations during hibernation season may contribute to the maintenance of hypophagia, low energy utilization and behavioral inactivity. Our results suggest that ghrelin plays a potential role in the regulation of metabolic changes and energy homeostasis during hibernation in grizzly bears.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- János Gardi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8–10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - O. Lynne Nelson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 646610, Pullman, WA 99164-6610, USA
| | - Charles T. Robbins
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 646410, Pullman, WA 99164-6410, USA
| | - Éva Szentirmai
- WWAMI Medical Education Program, Washington State University, PO Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA
- Department of Veterinary Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, PO Box 646520, Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA
| | - Levente Kapás
- WWAMI Medical Education Program, Washington State University, PO Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA
- Department of Veterinary Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, PO Box 646520, Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA
| | - James M. Krueger
- WWAMI Medical Education Program, Washington State University, PO Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA
- Department of Veterinary Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, PO Box 646520, Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA
| |
Collapse
|