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Tieck MP, Vasilenko N, Ruschil C, Kowarik MC. Peripheral memory B cells in multiple sclerosis vs. double negative B cells in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: disease driving B cell subsets during CNS inflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1337339. [PMID: 38385147 PMCID: PMC10879280 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1337339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
B cells are fundamental players in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). A deeper understanding of disease-specific B cell functions has led to the differentiation of both diseases and the development of different treatment strategies. While NMOSD is strongly associated with pathogenic anti-AQP4 IgG antibodies and proinflammatory cytokine pathways, no valid autoantibodies have been identified in MS yet, apart from certain antigen targets that require further evaluation. Although both diseases can be effectively treated with B cell depleting therapies, there are distinct differences in the peripheral B cell subsets that influence CNS inflammation. An increased peripheral blood double negative B cells (DN B cells) and plasmablast populations has been demonstrated in NMOSD, but not consistently in MS patients. Furthermore, DN B cells are also elevated in rheumatic diseases and other autoimmune entities such as myasthenia gravis and Guillain-Barré syndrome, providing indirect evidence for a possible involvement of DN B cells in other autoantibody-mediated diseases. In MS, the peripheral memory B cell pool is affected by many treatments, providing indirect evidence for the involvement of memory B cells in MS pathophysiology. Moreover, it must be considered that an important effector function of B cells in MS may be the presentation of antigens to peripheral immune cells, including T cells, since B cells have been shown to be able to recirculate in the periphery after encountering CNS antigens. In conclusion, there are clear differences in the composition of B cell populations in MS and NMOSD and treatment strategies differ, with the exception of broad B cell depletion. This review provides a detailed overview of the role of different B cell subsets in MS and NMOSD and their implications for treatment options. Specifically targeting DN B cells and plasmablasts in NMOSD as opposed to memory B cells in MS may result in more precise B cell therapies for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. C. Kowarik
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Center for Neurology, and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Moriguchi K, Nakamura Y, Park AM, Sato F, Kuwahara M, Khadka S, Omura S, Ahmad I, Kusunoki S, Tsunoda I. Anti-Glycolipid Antibody Examination in Five EAE Models and Theiler's Virus Model of Multiple Sclerosis: Detection of Anti-GM1, GM3, GM4, and Sulfatide Antibodies in Relapsing-Remitting EAE. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12937. [PMID: 37629117 PMCID: PMC10454742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-glycolipid antibodies have been reported to play pathogenic roles in peripheral inflammatory neuropathies, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome. On the other hand, the role in multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory demyelinating disease in the central nervous system (CNS), is largely unknown, although the presence of anti-glycolipid antibodies was reported to differ among MS patients with relapsing-remitting (RR), primary progressive (PP), and secondary progressive (SP) disease courses. We investigated whether the induction of anti-glycolipid antibodies could differ among experimental MS models with distinct clinical courses, depending on induction methods. Using three mouse strains, SJL/J, C57BL/6, and A.SW mice, we induced five distinct experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55, MOG92-106, or myelin proteolipid protein (PLP)139-151, with or without an additional adjuvant curdlan injection. We also induced a viral model of MS, using Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). Each MS model had an RR, SP, PP, hyperacute, or chronic clinical course. Using the sera from the MS models, we quantified antibodies against 11 glycolipids: GM1, GM2, GM3, GM4, GD3, galactocerebroside, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b, GQ1b, and sulfatide. Among the MS models, we detected significant increases in four anti-glycolipid antibodies, GM1, GM3, GM4, and sulfatide, in PLP139-151-induced EAE with an RR disease course. We also tested cellular immune responses to the glycolipids and found CD1d-independent lymphoproliferative responses only to sulfatide with decreased interleukin (IL)-10 production. Although these results implied that anti-glycolipid antibodies might play a role in remissions or relapses in RR-EAE, their functional roles need to be determined by mechanistic experiments, such as injections of monoclonal anti-glycolipid antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Moriguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (A.-M.P.); (F.S.); (S.K.); (S.O.); (I.A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Self Defense Forces Hanshin Hospital, Kawanishi City 666-0024, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yumina Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (A.-M.P.); (F.S.); (S.K.); (S.O.); (I.A.)
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka City 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ah-Mee Park
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (A.-M.P.); (F.S.); (S.K.); (S.O.); (I.A.)
- Department of Arts and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Sato
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (A.-M.P.); (F.S.); (S.K.); (S.O.); (I.A.)
| | - Motoi Kuwahara
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sundar Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (A.-M.P.); (F.S.); (S.K.); (S.O.); (I.A.)
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Seiichi Omura
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (A.-M.P.); (F.S.); (S.K.); (S.O.); (I.A.)
| | - Ijaz Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (A.-M.P.); (F.S.); (S.K.); (S.O.); (I.A.)
| | - Susumu Kusunoki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (M.K.); (S.K.)
- Japan Community Health care Organization (JCHO) Headquarters, Minato City 108-8583, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (A.-M.P.); (F.S.); (S.K.); (S.O.); (I.A.)
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3
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Poppell M, Hammel G, Ren Y. Immune Regulatory Functions of Macrophages and Microglia in Central Nervous System Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5925. [PMID: 36982999 PMCID: PMC10059890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages can be characterized as a very multifunctional cell type with a spectrum of phenotypes and functions being observed spatially and temporally in various disease states. Ample studies have now demonstrated a possible causal link between macrophage activation and the development of autoimmune disorders. How these cells may be contributing to the adaptive immune response and potentially perpetuating the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and neural injuries is not fully understood. Within this review, we hope to illustrate the role that macrophages and microglia play as initiators of adaptive immune response in various CNS diseases by offering evidence of: (1) the types of immune responses and the processes of antigen presentation in each disease, (2) receptors involved in macrophage/microglial phagocytosis of disease-related cell debris or molecules, and, finally, (3) the implications of macrophages/microglia on the pathogenesis of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Quagliata M, Nuti F, Real-Fernandez F, Kirilova Kirilova K, Santoro F, Carotenuto A, Papini AM, Rovero P. Glucopeptides derived from myelin-relevant proteins and hyperglucosylated nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae bacterial adhesin cross-react with multiple sclerosis specific antibodies: A step forward in the identification of native autoantigens in multiple sclerosis. J Pept Sci 2023:e3475. [PMID: 36597597 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and autoimmune disorder, in which an antibody-mediated demyelination mechanism plays a critical role. We prepared two glucosylated peptides derived from the human myelin proteins, that is, oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMGp) and reticulon-4 receptor (RTN4R), selected by a bioinformatic approach for their conformational homology with CSF114(Glc), a designed β-turn antigenic probe derived from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a glycoprotein present in the CNS. This synthetic antigen is specifically recognized by antibodies in sera of MS patients. We report herein the antigenic properties of these peptides, showing, on the one hand, that MS patient antibodies recognize the two glucosylated peptides and, on the other hand, that these antibodies cross-react with CSF114(Glc) and with the previously described hyperglucosylated nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae bacterial adhesin protein HMW1ct(Glc). These observations point to an immunological association between human and bacterial protein antigens, underpinning the hypothesis that molecular mimicry triggers the breakdown of self-tolerance in MS and suggesting that RTN4R and OMGp can be considered as autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Quagliata
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesca Nuti
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Feliciana Real-Fernandez
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Kalina Kirilova Kirilova
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Federica Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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5
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Guerrero S, Sánchez-Tirado E, Agüí L, González-Cortés A, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón J. Monitoring autoimmune diseases by bioelectrochemical detection of autoantibodies. Application to the determination of anti-myelin basic protein autoantibodies in serum of multiple sclerosis patients. Talanta 2022; 243:123304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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6
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Lima M, Aloizou AM, Siokas V, Bakirtzis C, Liampas I, Tsouris Z, Bogdanos DP, Baloyannis SJ, Dardiotis E. Coronaviruses and their relationship with multiple sclerosis: is the prevalence of multiple sclerosis going to increase after the Covid-19 pandemia? Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:703-720. [PMID: 35258237 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to examine whether there is a possible (etiological/triggering) relationship between infection with various Coronaviruses, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the Coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) pandemia, and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and whether an increase of the prevalence of MS after the current Covid-19 pandemia should be expected, examining new and preexisting data. Although the exact pathogenesis of MS remains unknown, environmental agents seem to greatly influence the onset of the disease, with viruses being the most popular candidate. Existing data support this possible etiological relationship between viruses and MS, and experimental studies show that Coronaviruses can actually induce an MS-like demyelinating disease in animal models. Findings in MS patients could also be compatible with this coronaviral MS hypothesis. More importantly, current data from the Covid-19 pandemia show that SARS-CoV-2 can trigger autoimmunity and possibly induce autoimmune diseases, in the Central Nervous System as well, strengthening the viral hypothesis of MS. If we accept that Coronaviruses can induce MS, it is reasonable to expect an increase in the prevalence of MS after the Covid-19 pandemia. This knowledge is of great importance in order to protect the aging groups that are more vulnerable against autoimmune diseases and MS specifically, and to establish proper vaccination and health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lima
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- B' Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Liampas
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Zisis Tsouris
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 40500 Viopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Stavros J Baloyannis
- Research Institute for Alzheimer's disease, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57200 Iraklio Lagkada, Thessaloniki, Greece.,1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
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Libbey JE, Fujinami RS. Viral mouse models used to study multiple sclerosis: past and present. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1015-1033. [PMID: 33582855 PMCID: PMC7882042 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although the etiology of MS is unknown, genetics and environmental factors, such as infections, play a role. Viral infections of mice have been used as model systems to study this demyelinating disease of humans. Three viruses that have long been studied in this capacity are Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus, mouse hepatitis virus, and Semliki Forest virus. This review describes the viruses themselves, the infection process, the disease caused by infection and its accompanying pathology, and the model systems and their usefulness in studying MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Libbey
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - R S Fujinami
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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8
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Blechinger S, Ehler J, Bsteh G, Winkelmann A, Leutmezer F, Meister S, Santer A, Hecker M, Berger T, Rommer P, Zettl UK. Therapeutic plasma exchange in steroid-refractory multiple sclerosis relapses. A retrospective two-center study. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2021; 14:1756286420975642. [PMID: 33552236 PMCID: PMC7844455 DOI: 10.1177/1756286420975642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is frequently used in glucocorticosteroid (GCS)-refractory multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses. Data regarding predictors of treatment response are scarce. The objective of this study was to analyze predictive factors for response to TPE in GCS-refractory MS patients. Methods: A total of 118 MS patients in two tertiary MS centers were analyzed. Primary outcome was TPE response defined as marked, mild, or no improvement. Secondary outcome was change in expanded disability status scale (ΔEDSS). ΔEDSS and relapse activity within 6 months after TPE were studied. Results: Marked or mild improvement was observed in 78.8% of patients. ΔEDSS correlated significantly inversely with time from relapse to start of TPE (τ = –0.239, p = 0.001), age (τ = 0.182, p = 0.009) and disease duration (τ = –0.167, p = 0.017). In multivariate analysis, TPE response was predicted by diagnosis of relapsing MS [odds ratio (OR): 3.1], gadolinum-enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (OR 3.2), age (OR 0.5 per 5 years older) and time from relapse onset to TPE (OR 0.7 per 7 days longer). Conclusion: Patients with longer disease duration and higher EDSS pre and post-TPE were more likely to show further disability progression or relapses within 6 months after TPE. No sustained effects were observed during the follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Ehler
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gabriel Bsteh
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Fritz Leutmezer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Meister
- Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Agnes Santer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hecker
- Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulus Rommer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Uwe Klaus Zettl
- Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Comi G, Bar-Or A, Lassmann H, Uccelli A, Hartung HP, Montalban X, Sørensen PS, Hohlfeld R, Hauser SL. Role of B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders. Ann Neurol 2020; 89:13-23. [PMID: 33091175 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The success of clinical trials of selective B-cell depletion in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) and primary progressive MS has led to a conceptual shift in the understanding of MS pathogenesis, away from the classical model in which T cells were the sole central actors and toward a more complex paradigm with B cells having an essential role in both the inflammatory and neurodegenerative components of the disease process. The role of B cells in MS was selected as the topic of the 27th Annual Meeting of the European Charcot Foundation. Results of the meeting are presented in this concise review, which recaps current concepts underlying the biology and therapeutic rationale behind B-cell-directed therapeutics in MS, and proposes strategies to optimize the use of existing anti-B-cell treatments and provide future directions for research in this area. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:13-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Comi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroinflammation and Neurotherapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology (Center for Brain Research), University Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Genetic Ophthalmology, and Infant Maternity Science, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Neurology-Neuroimmunology Department and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Per Solberg Sørensen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen L Hauser
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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10
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Sobel RA, Eaton MJ, Jaju PD, Lowry E, Hinojoza JR. Anti-Myelin Proteolipid Protein Peptide Monoclonal Antibodies Recognize Cell Surface Proteins on Developing Neurons and Inhibit Their Differentiation. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:819-843. [PMID: 31400116 PMCID: PMC6703999 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) peptides, we found that in addition to CNS myelin, mAbs to external face but not cytoplasmic face epitopes immunostained neurons in immature human CNS tissues and in adult hippocampal dentate gyrus and olfactory bulbs, that is neural stem cell niches (NSCN). To explore the pathobiological significance of these observations, we assessed the mAb effects on neurodifferentiation in vitro. The mAbs to PLP 50-69 (IgG1κ and IgG2aκ), and 178-191 and 200-219 (both IgG1κ) immunostained live cell surfaces and inhibited neurite outgrowth of E18 rat hippocampal precursor cells and of PC12 cells, which do not express PLP. Proteins immunoprecipitated from PC12 cell extracts and captured by mAb-coated magnetic beads were identified by GeLC-MS/MS. Each neurite outgrowth-inhibiting mAb captured a distinct set of neurodifferentiation molecules including sequence-similar M6 proteins and other unrelated membrane and extracellular matrix proteins, for example integrins, Eph receptors, NCAM-1, and protocadherins. These molecules are expressed in adult human NSCN and are implicated in the pathogenesis of many chronic CNS disease processes. Thus, diverse anti-PLP epitope autoantibodies may inhibit neuronal precursor cell differentiation via multispecific recognition of cell surface molecules thereby potentially impeding endogenous neuroregeneration in NSCN and in vivo differentiation of exogenous neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Sobel
- Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mary Jane Eaton
- Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Prajakta Dilip Jaju
- Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Eugene Lowry
- Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Julian R Hinojoza
- Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Roggenbuck D, Delmont E, Reinhold D, Schierack P, Conrad K, Boucraut J. Autoimmune Peripheral Neuropathies and Contribution of Antiganglioside/Sulphatide Autoantibody Testing. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2020; 31:10-18. [PMID: 32411930 PMCID: PMC7219652 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.31.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral immune-mediated polyneuropathies (IMPN) are a diverse group of rare neurological illnesses characterized by nerve damage. Leading morphological features are mostly nerve fibre demyelination or combination of axonal damage and demyelination. There has been remarkable progress in the clinical and electrophysiological categorization of acute (fulminant, life-threatening) and chronic (progressive/remitting-relapsing) immune-mediated neuropathies recently. Besides electrophysiological and morphological makers, autoantibodies against glycolipids or paranodal/nodal molecules have been recommended as candidate markers for IMPN. The progress in testing for autoantibodies (autoAbs) to glycolipids such as gangliosides and sulfatide may have significant implications on the stratification of patients and their treatment response. Thus, this topic was reviewed in a presentation held during the 1st Panhellenic Congress of Autoimmune Diseases, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology in Portaria, Pelion, Greece. For acute IMPN, often referred to as Guillain-Barré syndrome and its variants, several serological markers including autoAbs to gangliosides and sulphatide have been employed successfully in clinical routine. However, the evolution of serological diagnosis of chronic variants, such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy or multifocal motor neuropathy, is less satisfactory. Serological diagnostic markers could, therefore, help in the differential diagnosis due to their assumed pathogenic role. Additionally, stratification of patients to improve their response to treatment may be possible. In general, a majority of patients respond well to causal therapy that includes intravenous immunoglobulins and plasmapheresis. As second line therapy options, biologicals (e.g., rituximab) and immunosuppressant or immunomodulatory drugs may be considered when patients do not respond adequately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Roggenbuck
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Emilien Delmont
- Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, La Timone Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille France
| | - Dirk Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph Boucraut
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Medicine Faculty, Marseille, France.,Immunology laboratory, Conception Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
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12
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Garcia PS, Brum DG, Oliveira ON, Higa AM, Ierich JCM, Moraes ADS, Shimizu FM, Okuda-Shinagawa NM, Peroni LA, da Gama PD, Machini MT, Leite FL. Nanoimmunosensor based on atomic force spectroscopy to detect anti-myelin basic protein related to early-stage multiple sclerosis. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 211:112946. [PMID: 32028099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.112946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the central nervous system for which biomarkers for diagnosis still remain unknown. One potential biomarker is the myelin basic protein. Here, a nanoimmunosensor based on atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) successfully detected autoantibodies against the MBP85-99 peptide from myelin basic protein. The nanoimmunosensor consisted of an atomic force microscope tip functionalization with MBP85-99 peptide, which was made to interact with a mica surface coated either with a layer of anti-MBP85-99 (positive control) or samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from five multiple sclerosis (MS) patients at different stages of the disease and five non-MS subjects. The adhesion forces obtained from AFS pointed to a high concentration of anti-MBP85-99 for the two patients at early stages of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), which were indistinguishable from the positive control. In contrast, considerably lower adhesion forces were measured for all the other eight subjects, including three MS patients with longer history of the disease and under treatment, without episodes of acute MS activity. We have also shown that the average adhesion force between MBP85-99 and anti-MBP85-99 is compatible with the value estimated using steered molecular dynamics. Though further tests will be required with a larger cohort of patients, the present results indicate that the nanoimmunosensor may be a simple tool to detect early-stage MS patients and be useful to understand the molecular mechanisms behind MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Soto Garcia
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Nanoneurobiophysics Research Group, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052780, Brazil; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Doralina Guimarães Brum
- Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, São Paulo State University, 18618-687, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Akemi Martins Higa
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Nanoneurobiophysics Research Group, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052780, Brazil; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Cristiane Magalhães Ierich
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Nanoneurobiophysics Research Group, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052780, Brazil; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariana de Souza Moraes
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Nanoneurobiophysics Research Group, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052780, Brazil; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Makoto Shimizu
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Nancy M Okuda-Shinagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Antonio Peroni
- Rheabiotech Laboratory Research and Development, 13084-791, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - M Teresa Machini
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Lima Leite
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Nanoneurobiophysics Research Group, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052780, Brazil.
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13
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Merrheim J, Villegas J, Van Wassenhove J, Khansa R, Berrih-Aknin S, le Panse R, Dragin N. Estrogen, estrogen-like molecules and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102468. [PMID: 31927086 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In western countries, the slope of autoimmune disease (AD) incidence is increasing and affects 5-8% of the population. Mainly prevalent in women, these pathologies are due to thymic tolerance processes breakdown. The female sex hormone, estrogen, is involved in this AD female susceptibility. However, predisposition factors have to act in concert with unknown triggering environmental factors (virus, microbiota, pollution) to initiate AD. Individuals are exposed to various environmental compounds that display endocrine disruption abilities. The cellular effects of some of these molecules may be mediated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Here, we review the effects of these molecules on the homeostasis of the thymic cells, the immune tolerance intrinsic factors (transcription factors, epigenetic marks) and on the immune tolerance extrinsic factors (microbiota, virus sensibility). This review highlights the contribution of estrogen and endocrine disruptors on the dysregulation of mechanisms sustaining AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Merrheim
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - José Villegas
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Van Wassenhove
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Khansa
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Rozen le Panse
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nadine Dragin
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; Inovarion, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
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14
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Mechanisms of activation induced by antiphospholipid antibodies in multiple sclerosis: Potential biomarkers of disease? J Immunol Methods 2019; 474:112663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.112663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Mazón-Cabrera R, Vandormael P, Somers V. Antigenic Targets of Patient and Maternal Autoantibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1474. [PMID: 31379804 PMCID: PMC6659315 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose behavioral symptoms become apparent in early childhood. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are only partially understood and the clinical manifestations are heterogeneous in nature, which poses a major challenge for diagnosis, prognosis and intervention. In the last years, an important role of a dysregulated immune system in ASD has emerged, but the mechanisms connecting this to a disruption of brain development are still largely unknown. Although ASD is not considered as a typical autoimmune disease, self-reactive antibodies or autoantibodies against a wide variety of targets have been found in a subset of ASD patients. In addition, autoantibodies reactive to fetal brain proteins have also been described in the prenatal stage of neurodevelopment, where they can be transferred from the mother to the fetus by transplacental transport. In this review, we give an extensive overview of the antibodies described in ASD according to their target antigens, their different origins, and timing of exposure during neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veerle Somers
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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16
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Skaper SD, Barbierato M, Facci L, Borri M, Contarini G, Zusso M, Giusti P. Co-Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin Facilitates the Development of Differentiating and Undifferentiated Rat Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 55:103-114. [PMID: 28822061 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells of the central nervous system (CNS), have limited capability to bring about repair in chronic CNS neuroinflammatory demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). MS lesions are characterized by a compromised pool of undifferentiated oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) unable to mature into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. An attractive strategy may be to replace lost OLs and/or promote their maturation. N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) is an endogenous fatty acid amide signaling molecule with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions. Recent studies show a co-ultramicronized composite of PEA and the flavonoid luteolin (co-ultraPEALut) to be more efficacious than PEA in improving outcome in CNS injury models. Here, we examined the effects of co-ultraPEALut on development of OPCs from newborn rat cortex cultured under conditions favoring either differentiation (Sato medium) or proliferation (fibroblast growth factor-2 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA-supplemented serum-free medium ("SFM")). OPCs in SFM displayed high expression of PDGF receptor alpha gene and the proliferation marker Ki-67. In Sato medium, in contrast, OPCs showed rapid decreases in PDGF receptor alpha and Ki-67 expression with a concomitant rise in myelin basic protein (MBP) expression. In these conditions, co-ultraPEALut (10 μM) enhanced OPC morphological complexity and expression of MBP and the transcription factor TCF7l2. Surprisingly, co-ultraPEALut also up-regulated MBP mRNA expression in OPCs in SFM. MBP expression in all cases was sensitive to inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin. Within the context of strategies to promote endogenous remyelination in MS which focus on enhancing long-term survival of OPCs and stimulating their differentiation into remyelinating oligodendrocytes, co-ultraPEALut may represent a novel pharmacological approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Skaper
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo "Egidio Meneghetti" 2, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Massimo Barbierato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo "Egidio Meneghetti" 2, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Facci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo "Egidio Meneghetti" 2, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Mila Borri
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo "Egidio Meneghetti" 2, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriella Contarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo "Egidio Meneghetti" 2, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Morena Zusso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo "Egidio Meneghetti" 2, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Giusti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo "Egidio Meneghetti" 2, 35131, Padua, Italy
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17
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Gan ZS, Stein SC, Swanson R, Guan S, Garcia L, Mehta D, Smith DH. Blood Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Quantitative Assessment of Diagnostic and Prognostic Accuracy. Front Neurol 2019; 10:446. [PMID: 31105646 PMCID: PMC6498532 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood biomarkers have been explored for their potential to provide objective measures in the assessment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, it is not clear which biomarkers are best for diagnosis and prognosis in different severities of TBI. Here, we compare existing studies on the discriminative abilities of serum biomarkers for four commonly studied clinical situations: detecting concussion, predicting intracranial damage after mild TBI (mTBI), predicting delayed recovery after mTBI, and predicting adverse outcome after severe TBI (sTBI). We conducted a literature search of publications on biomarkers in TBI published up until July 2018. Operating characteristics were pooled for each biomarker for comparison. For detecting concussion, 4 biomarker panels and creatine kinase B type had excellent discriminative ability. For detecting intracranial injury and the need for a head CT scan after mTBI, 2 biomarker panels, and hyperphosphorylated tau had excellent operating characteristics. For predicting delayed recovery after mTBI, top candidates included calpain-derived αII-spectrin N-terminal fragment, tau A, neurofilament light, and ghrelin. For predicting adverse outcome following sTBI, no biomarker had excellent performance, but several had good performance, including markers of coagulation and inflammation, structural proteins in the brain, and proteins involved in homeostasis. The highest-performing biomarkers in each of these categories may provide insight into the pathophysiologies underlying mild and severe TBI. With further study, these biomarkers have the potential to be used alongside clinical and radiological data to improve TBI diagnostics, prognostics, and evidence-based medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe S Gan
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sherman C Stein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Randel Swanson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Rehabilitation Medicine Service, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shaobo Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lizette Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Devanshi Mehta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Douglas H Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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18
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Klehmet J, Märschenz S, Ruprecht K, Wunderlich B, Büttner T, Hiemann R, Roggenbuck D, Meisel A. Analysis of anti-ganglioside antibodies by a line immunoassay in patients with chronic-inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies (CIDP). Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 56:919-926. [PMID: 29329103 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike for acute immune-mediated neuropathies (IN), anti-ganglioside autoantibody (aGAAb) testing has been recommended for only a minority of chronic IN yet. Thus, we used a multiplex semi-quantitative line immunoassay (LIA) to search for aGAAb in chronic-inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and its clinical variants. METHODS Anti-GAAb to 11 gangliosides and sulfatide (SF) were investigated by LIA in 61 patients with IN (27 typical CIDP, 12 distal-acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy, 6 multifocal-acquired demyelinating sensory/motor polyneuropathy, 10 sensory CIDP, 1 focal CIDP and 5 multifocal-motoric neuropathy), 40 with other neuromuscular disorders (OND) (15 non-immune polyneuropathies, 25 myasthenia gravis), 29 with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 54 healthy controls (HC). RESULTS In contrast to IgG, positive anti-GAAB IgM against at least one ganglioside/SF was found in 17/61 (27.9%) IN compared to 2/40 (5%) in OND, 2/29 MS (6.9%) and 4/54 (7.4%) in HC (p=0.001). There was a statistically higher prevalence of anti-sulfatide (aSF) IgM in IN compared to OND (p=0.008). Further, aGM1 IgM was more prevalent in IN compared to OND and HC (p=0.009) as well as GD1b in IN compared to HC (p<0.04). The prevalence of aGM1 IgM in CIDP was lower compared to in multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) (12% vs. 60%, p=0.027). Patients showing aSF, aGM1 and aGM2 IgM were younger compared to aGAAb negatives (p<0.05). Patients with aSF IgM positivity presented more frequently typical CIDP and MMN phenotypes (p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The aGAAb LIA revealed an elevated frequency of at least one aGAAb IgM in CIDP/MMN patients. Anti-SF, aGM1 and aGM2 IgM were associated with younger age and anti-SF with IN phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Klehmet
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany, Phone: +0049 30 450 639807.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Märschenz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klemens Ruprecht
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wunderlich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rico Hiemann
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Scienes, Brandenburg University of Technology, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- GA Generic Assays GmbH, Dahlewitz/Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Scienes, Brandenburg University of Technology, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Skaper SD. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells as a therapeutic target for demyelinating diseases. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 245:119-144. [PMID: 30961866 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating differentiation of multipotent oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) are critical to our understanding of myelination and remyelination. Following acute demyelination in the central nervous system, adult OPCs migrate to the injury site, differentiate into OLs and generate new myelin sheaths. A common feature of regenerative processes is the fact that remyelination efficiency declines with aging and, accounts for the observation that chronic demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by an ineffective remyelination. Without doubt, impairment of OPC differentiation is an essential determinant of the aging effects in remyelination. However, spontaneous remyelination is limited in demyelinating diseases such as MS, owing in part to the failure of adult OPCs to differentiate into myelinating OLs. The inability to restore myelin after injury compromises axon integrity and renders them vulnerable to degeneration. Although the genes that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of OPCs during development have been intensively studied, relatively little is known about the molecular signals that regulate the function of adult OPCs after demyelination. Elucidating the mechanisms regulating OPC differentiation are key to identifying pharmacological targets for remyelination-enhancing therapy. This review will discuss OPC biology, myelination, and possible pharmacological targets for promoting the differentiation of OPCs as a strategy to enhance remyelination, including the potential for nanoscale delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Skaper
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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20
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D'Angelo C, Franch O, Fernández-Paredes L, Oreja-Guevara C, Núñez-Beltrán M, Comins-Boo A, Reale M, Sánchez-Ramón S. Antiphospholipid Antibodies Overlapping in Isolated Neurological Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis: Neurobiological Insights and Diagnostic Challenges. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:107. [PMID: 30941020 PMCID: PMC6433987 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by arterial and venous thrombosis, pregnancy morbidity and fetal loss caused by pathogenic autoantibodies directed against phospholipids (PL) and PL-cofactors. Isolated neurological APS may represent a significant diagnostic challenge, as epidemiological, clinical and neuroimaging features may overlap with those of multiple sclerosis (MS). In an open view, MS could be considered as an organ-specific anti-lipid (phospholipid and glycosphingolipid associated proteins) disease, in which autoreactive B cells and CD8+ T cells play a dominant role in its pathophysiology. In MS, diverse autoantibodies against the lipid-protein cofactors of the myelin sheath have been described, whose pathophysiologic role has not been fully elucidated. We carried out a review to select clinical studies addressing the prevalence of antiphospholipid (aPL) autoantibodies in the so-called MS-like syndrome. The reported prevalence ranged between 2% and 88%, particularly aCL and aβ2GPI, with predominant IgM isotype and suggesting worse MS prognosis. Secondarily, an updated summary of current knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms and events responsible for these conditions is presented. We draw attention to the clinical relevance of diagnosing isolated neurological APS. Prompt and accurate diagnosis and antiaggregant and anticoagulant treatment of APS could be vital to prevent or at least reduce APS-related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara D'Angelo
- Department of Clinical Immunology and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriol Franch
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Fernández-Paredes
- Department of Clinical Immunology and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Núñez-Beltrán
- Department of Clinical Immunology and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Comins-Boo
- Department of Clinical Immunology and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
- Department of Clinical Immunology and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Lee S, Salapa HE, Levin MC. Localization of near-infrared labeled antibodies to the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212357. [PMID: 30768649 PMCID: PMC6377130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies, including antibodies to the RNA binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, thus it is important to assess their biological activity using animal models of disease. Near-infrared optical imaging of fluorescently labeled antibodies and matrix metalloproteinase activity were measured and quantified in an animal model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We successfully labeled, imaged and quantified the fluorescence signal of antibodies that localized to the central nervous system of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Fluorescently labeled anti-heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 antibodies persisted in the central nervous system of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, colocalized with matrix metalloproteinase activity, correlated with clinical disease and shifted rostrally within the spinal cord, consistent with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis being an ascending paralysis. The fluorescent antibody signal also colocalized with matrix metalloproteinase activity in brain. Previous imaging studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis analyzed inflammatory markers such as cellular immune responses, dendritic cell activity, blood brain barrier integrity and myelination, but none assessed fluorescently labeled antibodies within the central nervous system. This data suggests a strong association between autoantibody localization and disease. This system can be used to detect other antibodies that might contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system including multiple sclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Brain/diagnostic imaging
- Central Nervous System/diagnostic imaging
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A1/immunology
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
- Spinal Cord/diagnostic imaging
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hannah E. Salapa
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Michael C. Levin
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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22
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Roggenbuck JJ, Boucraut J, Delmont E, Conrad K, Roggenbuck D. Diagnostic insights into chronic-inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:337. [PMID: 30306076 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.07.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare immune-mediated neuropathy with demyelination of nerve fibers as leading morphological feature. The course of disease can be chronic progressive or remitting relapsing. Whereas for acute immune-mediated neuropathies several serological markers have been identified and used successfully in clinical routine, the serological diagnosis of chronic variants such as CIDP has not yet been evolved satisfactory. The typical CIDP and its various atypical variants are characterized by a certain diversity of clinical phenotype and response to treatment. Thus, diagnostic markers could aid in the differential diagnosis of CIDP variants and stratification of patients for a better treatment response. Most patients respond well to a causal therapy including steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins and plasmapheresis. Apart from electrophysiological and morphological markers, several autoantibodies have been reported as candidate markers for CIDP, including antibodies against glycolipids or paranodal/nodal molecules. The present review provides a summary of the progress in autoantibody testing in CIDP and its possible implication on the stratification of the CIDP variants and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Boucraut
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Medicine Faculty, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Immunology laboratory, Conception Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Emilien Delmont
- Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, La Timone Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- GA Generic Assays GmbH, Dahlewitz/Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology, Senftenberg, Germany
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23
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Saberi A, Akhondzadeh S, Kazemi S. Infectious agents and different course of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Acta Neurol Belg 2018; 118:361-377. [PMID: 30006858 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-018-0976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes demyelination of white matter of central nervous system and neuro-degeneration due to inflammation. Different types of MS, as well as disease progression, come with different pathology and pathophysiology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible association between different micro-organisms and the relapse or progression of MS. Studies indexed in Medline/PMC, Scopus and Web of Science published without time and language limitation until March 2017 were identified through the search terms "infection" or "infectious" and "multiple sclerosis". A total of 20878 abstracts were identified through the initial search terms. Selection of articles and assessment of their quality was done based on Cochrane library guidelines. Full texts were reviewed for 33 articles out of which 14 articles met the criteria for inclusion. Different micro-organisms are known to play roles in the pathogenesis of MS and its relapse; including Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Chlamydia pneumoniae and Torque teno virus (TTV). But in this review only HHV-6, C. pneumoniae and TTV have been considered to play a role in disease progression in some studies and not all of them. This review concluded that some micro-organisms such as HHV-6, C. pneumoniae and TTV have been considered as cofactors to make MS a progressive type. It should be considered that these findings do not necessarily rule out the role of other pathogens in MS progression but may represent population differences or different sensitivity of the technique used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Saberi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Kazemi
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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24
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Barald KF, Shen YC, Bianchi LM. Chemokines and cytokines on the neuroimmunoaxis: Inner ear neurotrophic cytokines in development and disease. Prospects for repair? Exp Neurol 2018; 301:92-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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25
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Pazhouhandeh M, Sahraian MA, Siadat SD, Fateh A, Vaziri F, Tabrizi F, Ajorloo F, Arshadi AK, Fatemi E, Piri Gavgani S, Mahboudi F, Rahimi Jamnani F. A systems medicine approach reveals disordered immune system and lipid metabolism in multiple sclerosis patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 192:18-32. [PMID: 29194580 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of autoimmune processes and introduction of new autoantigens involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) can be helpful in the design of new drugs to prevent unresponsiveness and side effects in patients. To find significant changes, we evaluated the autoantibody repertoires in newly diagnosed relapsing-remitting MS patients (NDP) and those receiving disease-modifying therapy (RP). Through a random peptide phage library, a panel of NDP- and RP-specific peptides was identified, producing two protein data sets visualized using Gephi, based on protein--protein interactions in the STRING database. The top modules of NDP and RP networks were assessed using Enrichr. Based on the findings, a set of proteins, including ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1), neurogenic locus notch homologue protein 1 (NOTCH1), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET), RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (RAF1) and proto-oncogene vav (VAV1) was found in NDP and was involved in over-represented terms correlated with cell-mediated immunity and cancer. In contrast, transcription factor RelB (RELB), histone acetyltransferase p300 (EP300), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACACB), adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 mitochondrial (PCK2) had major contributions to viral infections and lipid metabolism as significant events in RP. According to these findings, further research is required to demonstrate the pathogenic roles of such proteins and autoantibodies targeting them in MS and to develop therapeutic agents which can ameliorate disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pazhouhandeh
- Human Antibody Lab, Innovation Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M-A Sahraian
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S D Siadat
- Human Antibody Lab, Innovation Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Fateh
- Human Antibody Lab, Innovation Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Vaziri
- Human Antibody Lab, Innovation Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Tabrizi
- Human Antibody Lab, Innovation Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Ajorloo
- Human Antibody Lab, Innovation Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - A K Arshadi
- Human Antibody Lab, Innovation Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Fatemi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Piri Gavgani
- Human Antibody Lab, Innovation Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Mahboudi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Rahimi Jamnani
- Human Antibody Lab, Innovation Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that B cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). B cells occupy distinct central nervous system (CNS) compartments in MS, including the cerebrospinal fluid and white matter lesions. Also, it is now known that, in addition to entering the CNS, B cells can circulate into the periphery via a functional lymphatic system. Data suggest that the role of B cells in MS mainly involves their in situ activation in demyelinating lesions, leading to altered pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and a highly effective antigen-presenting cell function, resulting in activation of memory or naïve T cells. Clinically, B cell-depleting agents show significant efficacy in MS. In addition, many disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) traditionally understood to target T cells are now known to influence B cell number and function. One of the earliest DMTs to be developed, glatiramer acetate (GA), has been shown to reduce the total frequency of B cells, plasmablasts, and memory B cells. It also appears to promote a shift toward reduced inflammation by increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine release and/or reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine release by B cells. In the authors' opinion, this may be mediated by cross-reactivity of B cell receptors for GA with antigen (possibly myelin basic protein) expressed in the MS lesion. More research is required to further characterize the role of B cells and their bidirectional trafficking in the pathogenesis of MS. This may uncover novel targets for MS treatments and facilitate the development of B cell biomarkers of drug response.
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27
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Kapadia M, Bijelić D, Zhao H, Ma D, Stojanovich L, Milošević M, Andjus P, Šakić B. Effects of sustained i.c.v. infusion of lupus CSF and autoantibodies on behavioral phenotype and neuronal calcium signaling. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:70. [PMID: 28882191 PMCID: PMC5590168 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a potentially fatal autoimmune disease that is often accompanied by brain atrophy and diverse neuropsychiatric manifestations of unknown origin. More recently, it was observed that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients and lupus-prone mice can be neurotoxic and that acute administration of specific brain-reactive autoantibodies (BRAs) can induce deficits in isolated behavioral tasks. Given the chronic and complex nature of CNS SLE, the current study examines broad behavioral performance and neuronal Ca2+ signaling in mice receiving a sustained infusion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from CNS SLE patients and putative BRAs (anti-NR2A, anti-ribosomal P, and anti-α-tubulin). A 2-week intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of CSF altered home-cage behavior and induced olfactory dysfunction, excessive immobility in the forced swim test, and perseveration in a learning task. Conversely, sustained administration of purified BRAs produced relatively mild, both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on olfaction, spatial learning/memory, and home-cage behavior. In vitro studies revealed that administration of some CSF samples induces a rapid influx of extracellular Ca2+ into murine neurons, an effect that could be partially mimicked with the commercial anti-NR2A antibody and blocked with selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. The current findings confirm that the CSF from CNS SLE patients can be neuroactive and support the hypothesis that intrathecal BRAs induce synergistically diverse effects on all domains of behavior. In addition, anti-NMDA receptor antibodies may alter Ca2+ homeostasis of central neurons, thus accounting for excitotoxicity and contributing to the heterogeneity of psychiatric manifestations in CNS SLE and other autoantibody-related brain disorders.
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28
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Nguyen A, Gresle M, Marshall T, Butzkueven H, Field J. Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: emergence of B-cell-targeted therapies. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1895-1907. [PMID: 28319650 PMCID: PMC5466523 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS, and one of the most common causes of disability in young adults. Over the last decade, new disease-modifying therapies have emerged, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that provide highly targeted therapies with greater efficacy than platform therapies. In particular, monoclonal antibodies directed against CD20-positive B cells have shown remarkable results in recent clinical trials and renewed interest in the mechanism of B cell-depleting therapies to ameliorate relapse activity and progression in MS. Here, we review the mechanisms of action and clinical evidence of approved and emerging mAbs, with a focus on B cell-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai‐Lan Nguyen
- Melbourne Brain Centre and Department of Medicine at the Royal Melbourne HospitalUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Melissa Gresle
- Melbourne Brain Centre and Department of Medicine at the Royal Melbourne HospitalUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Tessa Marshall
- Multiple Sclerosis DivisionThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Helmut Butzkueven
- Melbourne Brain Centre and Department of Medicine at the Royal Melbourne HospitalUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
- Eastern HealthMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
| | - Judith Field
- Multiple Sclerosis DivisionThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleVic.Australia
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
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29
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Pardo E, Cárcamo C, Uribe-San Martín R, Ciampi E, Segovia-Miranda F, Curkovic-Peña C, Montecino F, Holmes C, Tichauer JE, Acuña E, Osorio-Barrios F, Castro M, Cortes P, Oyanadel C, Valenzuela DM, Pacheco R, Naves R, Soza A, González A. Galectin-8 as an immunosuppressor in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and a target of human early prognostic antibodies in multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28650992 PMCID: PMC5484466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a member of a glycan-binding protein family that regulates the immune system, among other functions, and is a target of antibodies in autoimmune disorders. However, its role in multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), remains unknown. We study the consequences of Gal-8 silencing on lymphocyte subpopulations and the development of experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), to then assess the presence and clinical meaning of anti-Gal-8 antibodies in MS patients. Lgals8/Lac-Z knock-in mice lacking Gal-8 expression have higher polarization toward Th17 cells accompanied with decreased CCR6+ and higher CXCR3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) frequency. These conditions result in exacerbated MOG35-55 peptide-induced EAE. Gal-8 eliminates activated Th17 but not Th1 cells by apoptosis and ameliorates EAE in C57BL/6 wild-type mice. β-gal histochemistry reflecting the activity of the Gal-8 promoter revealed Gal-8 expression in a wide range of CNS regions, including high expression in the choroid-plexus. Accordingly, we detected Gal-8 in human cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting a role in the CNS immune-surveillance circuit. In addition, we show that MS patients generate function-blocking anti-Gal-8 antibodies with pathogenic potential. Such antibodies block cell adhesion and Gal-8-induced Th17 apoptosis. Furthermore, circulating anti-Gal-8 antibodies associate with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), and not with progressive MS phenotypes, predicting clinical disability at diagnosis within the first year of follow-up. Our results reveal that Gal-8 has an immunosuppressive protective role against autoimmune CNS inflammation, modulating the balance of Th17 and Th1 polarization and their respective Tregs. Such a role can be counteracted during RRMS by anti-Gal-8 antibodies, worsening disease prognosis. Even though anti-Gal-8 antibodies are not specific for MS, our results suggest that they could be a potential early severity biomarker in RRMS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion/physiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Female
- Galectins/genetics
- Galectins/immunology
- Galectins/metabolism
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism
- Prognosis
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Pardo
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Cárcamo
- Departamento de Neurología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Reinaldo Uribe-San Martín
- Departamento de Neurología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ethel Ciampi
- Departamento de Neurología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Segovia-Miranda
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal Curkovic-Peña
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Montecino
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher Holmes
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Enrique Tichauer
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eric Acuña
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Marjorie Castro
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Priscilla Cortes
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Oyanadel
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Naves
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Soza
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (AG); (AS)
| | - Alfonso González
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (AG); (AS)
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30
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Tolpeeva OA, Zakharova MN. The diagnostic significance of antibodies to myelin proteins in demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. NEUROCHEM J+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712417010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Navas-Madroñal M, Valero-Mut A, Martínez-Zapata MJ, Simón-Talero MJ, Figueroa S, Vidal-Fernández N, López-Góngora M, Escartín A, Querol L. Absence of antibodies against KIR4.1 in multiple sclerosis: A three-technique approach and systematic review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175538. [PMID: 28414733 PMCID: PMC5393569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibodies targeting the inward-rectifying potassium channel KIR4.1 have been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) but studies using diverse techniques have failed to replicate this association. The detection of these antibodies is challenging; KIR4.1 glycosylation patterns and the use of diverse technical approaches may account for the disparity of results. We aimed to replicate the association using three different approaches to overcome the technical limitations of a single technique. We also performed a systematic review to examine the association of anti-KIR4.1 antibodies with MS. Methods Serum samples from patients with MS (n = 108) and controls (n = 77) were tested for the presence of anti-KIR4.1 antibodies using three methods: 1) by ELISA with the low-glycosylated fraction of recombinant KIR4.1 purified from transfected HEK293 cells according to original protocols; 2) by immunocytochemistry using KIR4.1-transfected HEK293 cells; and 3) by immunocytochemistry using the KIR4.1.-transfected MO3.13 oligodendrocyte cell line. We developed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association of anti-KIR4.1 antibodies with MS according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results We did not detect anti-KIR4.1 antibodies in the MS patients or in controls using ELISA. Neither did we detect any significant reactivity against the antigen on the cell surface using the KIR4.1-transfected HEK293 cells or the KIR4.1-transfected MO3.13 cells. We included 13 prospective controlled studies in the systematic review. Only three studies showed a positive association between anti-KIR4.1 and MS. Clinical and statistical heterogeneity between studies precluded meta-analysis of their results. Conclusion We found no association between anti-KIR4.1 antibody positivity and MS. Although this lack of replication may be due to technical limitations, evidence from our study and others is mounting against the role of KIR4.1 as a relevant MS autoantigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Navas-Madroñal
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Valero-Mut
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Martínez-Zapata
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Javier Simón-Talero
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastián Figueroa
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Vidal-Fernández
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana López-Góngora
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Escartín
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Querol
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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32
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Rivas JR, Ireland SJ, Chkheidze R, Rounds WH, Lim J, Johnson J, Ramirez DMO, Ligocki AJ, Chen D, Guzman AA, Woodhall M, Wilson PC, Meffre E, White C, Greenberg BM, Waters P, Cowell LG, Stowe AM, Monson NL. Peripheral VH4+ plasmablasts demonstrate autoreactive B cell expansion toward brain antigens in early multiple sclerosis patients. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:43-60. [PMID: 27730299 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasmablasts are a highly differentiated, antibody secreting B cell subset whose prevalence correlates with disease activity in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). For most patients experiencing partial transverse myelitis (PTM), plasmablasts are elevated in the blood at the first clinical presentation of disease (known as a clinically isolated syndrome or CIS). In this study we found that many of these peripheral plasmablasts are autoreactive and recognize primarily gray matter targets in brain tissue. These plasmablasts express antibodies that over-utilize immunoglobulin heavy chain V-region subgroup 4 (VH4) genes, and the highly mutated VH4+ plasmablast antibodies recognize intracellular antigens of neurons and astrocytes. Most of the autoreactive, highly mutated VH4+ plasmablast antibodies recognize only a portion of cortical neurons, indicating that the response may be specific to neuronal subgroups or layers. Furthermore, CIS-PTM patients with this plasmablast response also exhibit modest reactivity toward neuroantigens in the plasma IgG antibody pool. Taken together, these data indicate that expanded VH4+ peripheral plasmablasts in early MS patients recognize brain gray matter antigens. Peripheral plasmablasts may be participating in the autoimmune response associated with MS, and provide an interesting avenue for investigating the expansion of autoreactive B cells at the time of the first documented clinical event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Rivas
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sara J Ireland
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rati Chkheidze
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William H Rounds
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Lim
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jordan Johnson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Denise M O Ramirez
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ann J Ligocki
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ding Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa A Guzman
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mark Woodhall
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrick C Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles White
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Patrick Waters
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lindsay G Cowell
- Department of Clinical Science, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nancy L Monson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Walvoort MTC, Testa C, Eilam R, Aharoni R, Nuti F, Rossi G, Real-Fernandez F, Lanzillo R, Brescia Morra V, Lolli F, Rovero P, Imperiali B, Papini AM. Antibodies from multiple sclerosis patients preferentially recognize hyperglucosylated adhesin of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39430. [PMID: 28008952 PMCID: PMC5180199 DOI: 10.1038/srep39430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In autoimmune diseases, there have been proposals that exogenous “molecular triggers”, i.e., specific ‘non-self antigens’ accompanying infectious agents, might disrupt control of the adaptive immune system resulting in serious pathologies. The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear. However, epidemiologic data suggest that exposure to infectious agents may be associated with increased MS risk and progression may be linked to exogenous, bacterially-derived, antigenic molecules, mimicking mammalian cell surface glycoconjugates triggering autoimmune responses. Previously, antibodies specific to a gluco-asparagine (N-Glc) glycopeptide, CSF114(N-Glc), were identified in sera of an MS patient subpopulation. Since the human glycoproteome repertoire lacks this uniquely modified amino acid, we turned our attention to bacteria, i.e., Haemophilus influenzae, expressing cell-surface adhesins including N-Glc, to establish a connection between H. influenzae infection and MS. We exploited the biosynthetic machinery from the opportunistic pathogen H. influenzae (and the homologous enzymes from A. pleuropneumoniae) to produce a unique set of defined glucosylated adhesin proteins. Interestingly we revealed that a hyperglucosylated protein domain, based on the cell-surface adhesin HMW1A, is preferentially recognized by antibodies from sera of an MS patient subpopulation. In conclusion the hyperglucosylated adhesin is the first example of an N-glucosylated native antigen that can be considered a relevant candidate for triggering pathogenic antibodies in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe T. C. Walvoort
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chiara Testa
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Rina Aharoni
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Francesca Nuti
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giada Rossi
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Feliciana Real-Fernandez
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Lolli
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- PeptLab@UCP and Laboratory of Chemical Biology EA4505, Université Paris-Seine, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise, France
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Claes N, Fraussen J, Vanheusden M, Hellings N, Stinissen P, Van Wijmeersch B, Hupperts R, Somers V. Age-Associated B Cells with Proinflammatory Characteristics Are Expanded in a Proportion of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4576-4583. [PMID: 27837111 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune aging occurs in the elderly and in autoimmune diseases. Recently, IgD-CD27- (double negative, DN) and CD21-CD11c+ (CD21low) B cells were described as age-associated B cells with proinflammatory characteristics. This study investigated the prevalence and functional characteristics of DN and CD21low B cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrated a higher proportion of MS patients younger than 60 y with peripheral expansions of DN (8/41) and CD21low (9/41) B cells compared with age-matched healthy donors (1/33 and 2/33, respectively), which indicates an increase in age-associated B cells in MS patients. The majority of DN B cells had an IgG+ memory phenotype, whereas CD21low B cells consisted of a mixed population of CD27- naive, CD27+ memory, IgG+, and IgM+ cells. DN B cells showed similar (MS patients) or increased (healthy donors) MHC-II expression as class-switched memory B cells and intermediate costimulatory molecule expression between naive and class-switched memory B cells, indicating their potential to induce (proinflammatory) T cell responses. Further, DN B cells produced proinflammatory and cytotoxic cytokines following ex vivo stimulation. Increased frequencies of DN and CD21low B cells were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients compared with paired peripheral blood. In conclusion, a proportion of MS patients showed increased peripheral expansions of age-associated B cells. DN and CD21low B cell frequencies were further increased in MS cerebrospinal fluid. These cells could contribute to inflammation by induction of T cell responses and the production of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Claes
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and School of Life Sciences, Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Judith Fraussen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and School of Life Sciences, Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marjan Vanheusden
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and School of Life Sciences, Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and School of Life Sciences, Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Piet Stinissen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and School of Life Sciences, Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Wijmeersch
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and School of Life Sciences, Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Rehabilitation and MS-Center, B-3900 Overpelt, Belgium
| | - Raymond Hupperts
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; and.,Department of Neurology, Academic MS Center Limburg, Zuyderland Medical Center, 6162 BG Sittard, the Netherlands
| | - Veerle Somers
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and School of Life Sciences, Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
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Fraussen J, Claes N, Van Wijmeersch B, van Horssen J, Stinissen P, Hupperts R, Somers V. B cells of multiple sclerosis patients induce autoreactive proinflammatory T cell responses. Clin Immunol 2016; 173:124-132. [PMID: 27717695 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-independent B cell functions play an important role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. In this study, B cell antigen presentation and costimulation in MS were studied. Peripheral blood B cells of MS patients showed increased expression of costimulatory CD86 and CD80 molecules compared with healthy controls (HC). In MS cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 12-fold and 2-fold increases in CD86+ and CD80+ B cells, respectively, were evidenced compared with peripheral blood. Further, B cells from MS patients induced proinflammatory T cells in response to myelin basic protein (MBP). Immunomodulatory treatment restored B cell costimulatory molecule expression and caused significantly reduced B cell induced T cell responses. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of B cells from MS patients to induce autoreactive proinflammatory T cell responses. Immunomodulatory therapy abrogated this effect, emphasizing the importance of B cell antigen presentation and costimulation in MS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Fraussen
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nele Claes
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Wijmeersch
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Revalidation & MS Center, Overpelt, Belgium
| | - Jack van Horssen
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Stinissen
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Raymond Hupperts
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Academic MS Center Limburg, Zuyderland Medisch Centrum, Sittard, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Somers
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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36
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Fraussen J, de Bock L, Somers V. B cells and antibodies in progressive multiple sclerosis: Contribution to neurodegeneration and progression. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:896-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Filippidou N, Krashias G, Pericleous C, Rahman A, Ioannou Y, Giles I, Demetriou C, Anatolitou A, Christodoulou C, Pantzaris M, Lambrianides A. The association between IgG and IgM antibodies against cardiolipin, β2-glycoprotein I and Domain I of β2-glycoprotein I with disease profile in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mol Immunol 2016; 75:161-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Patejdl R, Penner IK, Noack TK, Zettl UK. Multiple sclerosis and fatigue: A review on the contribution of inflammation and immune-mediated neurodegeneration. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:210-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Northrup L, Christopher MA, Sullivan BP, Berkland C. Combining antigen and immunomodulators: Emerging trends in antigen-specific immunotherapy for autoimmunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 98:86-98. [PMID: 26546466 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A majority of current therapies for autoimmune diseases are general immunosuppressants, which can compromise patient response to opportunistic infection and lead to adverse events. Using antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) to selectively disarm autoimmune diseases, without suppressing the global immune response, would be a transformative therapy for patients. ASIT has been used historically in allergy hyposensitization therapy to induce tolerance to an allergen. Similar strategies to induce immune tolerance toward autoantigens responsible for autoimmune disease have been attempted but have yielded limited clinical success. Recent studies of ASIT for autoimmunity have explored combination therapy, combining the disease-causing autoantigen with an immunomodulatory compound. ASIT combination therapy may direct the immune response in an antigen-specific manner, potentially reversing the root cause of autoimmunity while limiting side effects. This review analyzes recent advances in ASIT applied to autoimmune diseases, emphasizing current combination therapies and future strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Northrup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Matthew A Christopher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Bradley P Sullivan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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40
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Anoctamin 2 identified as an autoimmune target in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:2188-93. [PMID: 26862169 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518553113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system and also is regarded as an autoimmune condition. However, the antigenic targets of the autoimmune response in MS have not yet been deciphered. In an effort to mine the autoantibody repertoire within MS, we profiled 2,169 plasma samples from MS cases and population-based controls using bead arrays built with 384 human protein fragments selected from an initial screening with 11,520 antigens. Our data revealed prominently increased autoantibody reactivity against the chloride-channel protein anoctamin 2 (ANO2) in MS cases compared with controls. This finding was corroborated in independent assays with alternative protein constructs and by epitope mapping with peptides covering the identified region of ANO2. Additionally, we found a strong interaction between the presence of ANO2 autoantibodies and the HLA complex MS-associated DRB1*15 allele, reinforcing a potential role for ANO2 autoreactivity in MS etiopathogenesis. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis in human MS brain tissue showed ANO2 expression as small cellular aggregates near and inside MS lesions. Thus this study represents one of the largest efforts to characterize the autoantibody repertoire within MS. The findings presented here demonstrate that an ANO2 autoimmune subphenotype may exist in MS and lay the groundwork for further studies focusing on the pathogenic role of ANO2 autoantibodies in MS.
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41
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Metz I, Beißbarth T, Ellenberger D, Pache F, Stork L, Ringelstein M, Aktas O, Jarius S, Wildemann B, Dihazi H, Friede T, Brück W, Ruprecht K, Paul F. Serum peptide reactivities may distinguish neuromyelitis optica subgroups and multiple sclerosis. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2016; 3:e204. [PMID: 26894206 PMCID: PMC4747481 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess in an observational study whether serum peptide antibody reactivities may distinguish aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody (Ab)-positive and -negative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS We screened 8,700 peptides that included human and viral antigens of potential relevance for inflammatory demyelinating diseases and random peptides with pooled sera from different patient groups and healthy controls to set up a customized microarray with 700 peptides. With this microarray, we tested sera from 66 patients with AQP4-Ab-positive (n = 16) and AQP4-Ab-negative (n = 19) NMOSD, RRMS (n = 11), and healthy controls (n = 20). RESULTS Differential peptide reactivities distinguished NMOSD subgroups from RRMS in 80% of patients. However, the 2 NMOSD subgroups were not well-discriminated, although those patients are clearly separated by their antibody reactivities against AQP4 in cell-based assays. Elevated reactivities to myelin and Epstein-Barr virus peptides were present in RRMS and to AQP4 and AQP1 peptides in AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD. CONCLUSIONS While AQP4-Ab-positive and -negative NMOSD subgroups are not well-discriminated by peptide antibody reactivities, our findings suggest that peptide antibody reactivities may have the potential to distinguish between both NMOSD subgroups and MS. Future studies should thus concentrate on evaluating peptide antibody reactivities for the differentiation of AQP4-Ab-negative NMOSD and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Metz
- Departments of Neuropathology (I.M., L.S., W.B.), Medical Statistics (T.B., D.E., T.F.), and Nephrology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine (H.D.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Department of Neurology (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul) and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F. Pache, F. Paul), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.R., O.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; and Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology (S.J., B.W.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Beißbarth
- Departments of Neuropathology (I.M., L.S., W.B.), Medical Statistics (T.B., D.E., T.F.), and Nephrology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine (H.D.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Department of Neurology (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul) and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F. Pache, F. Paul), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.R., O.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; and Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology (S.J., B.W.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Ellenberger
- Departments of Neuropathology (I.M., L.S., W.B.), Medical Statistics (T.B., D.E., T.F.), and Nephrology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine (H.D.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Department of Neurology (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul) and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F. Pache, F. Paul), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.R., O.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; and Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology (S.J., B.W.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florence Pache
- Departments of Neuropathology (I.M., L.S., W.B.), Medical Statistics (T.B., D.E., T.F.), and Nephrology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine (H.D.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Department of Neurology (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul) and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F. Pache, F. Paul), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.R., O.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; and Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology (S.J., B.W.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lidia Stork
- Departments of Neuropathology (I.M., L.S., W.B.), Medical Statistics (T.B., D.E., T.F.), and Nephrology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine (H.D.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Department of Neurology (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul) and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F. Pache, F. Paul), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.R., O.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; and Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology (S.J., B.W.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Ringelstein
- Departments of Neuropathology (I.M., L.S., W.B.), Medical Statistics (T.B., D.E., T.F.), and Nephrology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine (H.D.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Department of Neurology (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul) and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F. Pache, F. Paul), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.R., O.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; and Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology (S.J., B.W.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Departments of Neuropathology (I.M., L.S., W.B.), Medical Statistics (T.B., D.E., T.F.), and Nephrology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine (H.D.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Department of Neurology (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul) and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F. Pache, F. Paul), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.R., O.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; and Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology (S.J., B.W.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Jarius
- Departments of Neuropathology (I.M., L.S., W.B.), Medical Statistics (T.B., D.E., T.F.), and Nephrology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine (H.D.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Department of Neurology (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul) and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F. Pache, F. Paul), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.R., O.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; and Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology (S.J., B.W.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Wildemann
- Departments of Neuropathology (I.M., L.S., W.B.), Medical Statistics (T.B., D.E., T.F.), and Nephrology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine (H.D.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Department of Neurology (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul) and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F. Pache, F. Paul), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.R., O.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; and Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology (S.J., B.W.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hassan Dihazi
- Departments of Neuropathology (I.M., L.S., W.B.), Medical Statistics (T.B., D.E., T.F.), and Nephrology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine (H.D.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Department of Neurology (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul) and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F. Pache, F. Paul), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.R., O.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; and Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology (S.J., B.W.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Friede
- Departments of Neuropathology (I.M., L.S., W.B.), Medical Statistics (T.B., D.E., T.F.), and Nephrology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine (H.D.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Department of Neurology (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul) and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F. Pache, F. Paul), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.R., O.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; and Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology (S.J., B.W.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Departments of Neuropathology (I.M., L.S., W.B.), Medical Statistics (T.B., D.E., T.F.), and Nephrology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine (H.D.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Department of Neurology (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul) and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F. Pache, F. Paul), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.R., O.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; and Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology (S.J., B.W.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klemens Ruprecht
- Departments of Neuropathology (I.M., L.S., W.B.), Medical Statistics (T.B., D.E., T.F.), and Nephrology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine (H.D.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Department of Neurology (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul) and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F. Pache, F. Paul), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.R., O.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; and Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology (S.J., B.W.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Departments of Neuropathology (I.M., L.S., W.B.), Medical Statistics (T.B., D.E., T.F.), and Nephrology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine (H.D.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Department of Neurology (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul) and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center (F. Pache, K.R., F. Paul), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F. Pache, F. Paul), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.R., O.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; and Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology (S.J., B.W.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Hecker M, Fitzner B, Wendt M, Lorenz P, Flechtner K, Steinbeck F, Schröder I, Thiesen HJ, Zettl UK. High-Density Peptide Microarray Analysis of IgG Autoantibody Reactivities in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1360-80. [PMID: 26831522 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.051664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG) synthesis and oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the antigen specificities remain enigmatic. Our study is the first investigating the autoantibody repertoire in paired serum and CSF samples from patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), primary progressive MS (PPMS), and other neurological diseases by the use of high-density peptide microarrays. Protein sequences of 45 presumed MS autoantigens (e.g.MOG, MBP, and MAG) were represented on the microarrays by overlapping 15mer peptides. IgG reactivities were screened against a total of 3991 peptides, including also selected viral epitopes. The measured antibody reactivities were highly individual but correlated for matched serum and CSF samples. We found 54 peptides to be recognized significantly more often by serum or CSF antibodies from MS patients compared with controls (pvalues <0.05). The results for RRMS and PPMS clearly overlapped. However, PPMS patients presented a broader peptide-antibody signature. The highest signals were detected for a peptide mapping to a region of the Epstein-Barr virus protein EBNA1 (amino acids 392-411), which is homologous to the N-terminal part of human crystallin alpha-B. Our data confirmed several known MS-associated antigens and epitopes, and they delivered additional potential linear epitopes, which await further validation. The peripheral and intrathecal humoral immune response in MS is polyspecific and includes antibodies that are also found in serum of patients with other diseases. Further studies are required to assess the pathogenic relevance of autoreactive and anti-EBNA1 antibodies as well as their combinatorial value as biomarkers for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hecker
- From the ‡University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany; §Steinbeis Transfer Center for Proteome Analysis, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Brit Fitzner
- From the ‡University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany; §Steinbeis Transfer Center for Proteome Analysis, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Wendt
- From the ‡University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Lorenz
- ¶University of Rostock, Institute of Immunology, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kristin Flechtner
- ¶University of Rostock, Institute of Immunology, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Felix Steinbeck
- ¶University of Rostock, Institute of Immunology, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany; ‖Gesellschaft für Individualisierte Medizin mbH (IndyMED), Lessingstr. 17, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ina Schröder
- From the ‡University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Thiesen
- §Steinbeis Transfer Center for Proteome Analysis, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany; ¶University of Rostock, Institute of Immunology, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany; ‖Gesellschaft für Individualisierte Medizin mbH (IndyMED), Lessingstr. 17, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Klaus Zettl
- From the ‡University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
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43
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Sternberg Z. Promoting sympathovagal balance in multiple sclerosis; pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and surgical strategies. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:113-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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44
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Kallaur AP, Reiche EMV, Oliveira SR, Simão ANC, Pereira WLDCJ, Alfieri DF, Flauzino T, Proença CDM, Lozovoy MAB, Kaimen-Maciel DR, Maes M. Genetic, Immune-Inflammatory, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers as Predictors for Disability and Disease Progression in Multiple Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:31-44. [PMID: 26732588 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the TNFβ NcoI polymorphism (rs909253) and immune-inflammatory, oxidative, and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) biomarkers as predictors of disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). We included 212 MS patients (150 female, 62 male, mean (±standard deviation (SD)) age = 42.7 ± 13.8 years) and 249 healthy controls (177 female, 72 male, 36.8 ± 11 years). The disability was measured the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) in 2006 and 2011. We determined the TNFβ NcoI polymorphism and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17, albumin, ferritin, and plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxides (CL-LOOH), carbonyl protein, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP). The mean EDSS (±SD) in 2006 was 1.62 ± 2.01 and in 2011 3.16 ± 2.29, and disease duration was 7.34 ± 7.0 years. IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, AOPP, and NOx levels were significantly higher and IL-4 lower in MS patients with a higher 2011 EDSS scores (≥3) as compared with those with EDSS < 3. The actual increases in EDSS from 2006 to 2011 were positively associated with TNF-α and IFN-γ. Increased IFN-γ values were associated with higher pyramidal symptoms and increased IL-6 with sensitive symptoms. Increased carbonyl protein and IL-10 but lowered albumin levels predicted cerebellar symptoms. The TNFB1/B2 genotype decreased risk towards progression of pyramidal symptoms. Treatments with IFN-β and glatiramer acetate significantly reduced TNF-α but did not affect the other IO&NS biomarkers or disease progression. Taken together, IO&NS biomarkers and NcoI TNFβ genotypes predict high disability in MS and are associated with different aspects of disease progression. New drugs to treat MS should also target oxidative stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Kallaur
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86.038-440, Brazil
| | - Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86.038-440, Brazil.
| | - Sayonara Rangel Oliveira
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86.038-440, Brazil
| | - Andrea Name Colado Simão
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86.038-440, Brazil
| | - Wildea Lice de Carvalho Jennings Pereira
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86.038-440, Brazil.,Outpatient Clinic for Demyelinating Diseases, University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86061-335, Brazil
| | - Daniela Frizon Alfieri
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86.038-440, Brazil
| | - Tamires Flauzino
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86.038-440, Brazil
| | - Caio de Meleck Proença
- Outpatient Clinic for Demyelinating Diseases, University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86061-335, Brazil
| | - Marcell Alysson Batisti Lozovoy
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86.038-440, Brazil
| | - Damacio Ramón Kaimen-Maciel
- Outpatient Clinic for Demyelinating Diseases, University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86061-335, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86.038-440, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Impact Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn, Bangkok, Thailand
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de Bock L, Fraussen J, Villar LM, Álvarez-Cermeño JC, Van Wijmeersch B, van Pesch V, Stinissen P, Somers V. Anti-SPAG16 antibodies in primary progressive multiple sclerosis are associated with an elevated progression index. Eur J Neurol 2015; 23:722-8. [PMID: 26706657 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sperm-associated antigen 16 (SPAG16), a sperm protein which is upregulated in reactive astrocytes in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, has recently been identified as a novel autoantibody target in MS. The aim of this study was to investigate whether anti-SPAG16 antibody levels differ between MS subtypes (relapsing-remitting, RR; primary or secondary progressive, PP, SP) and whether antibody positivity is associated with clinical characteristics. METHODS Plasma anti-SPAG16 antibody levels were determined by recombinant protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 374 MS patients (274 RRMS, 39 SPMS and 61 PPMS) and 106 healthy controls. RESULTS Significantly elevated anti-SPAG16 antibodies were found in 22% of MS patients with 93% specificity. Anti-SPAG16 seropositivity was associated with an increased Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) in overall MS. A higher proportion of PPMS patients showed anti-SPAG16 antibody reactivity (34%) compared to RRMS (19%) and SPMS (26%), and presented with higher anti-SPAG16 antibody levels. Seropositive PPMS patients had a significantly increased progression index compared to seronegative patients. CONCLUSIONS Anti-SPAG16 antibodies are associated with an increased EDSS in overall MS, indicating that they are linked to a worse MS disease outcome. Moreover, the presence of anti-SPAG16 antibodies may be a biomarker for a more severe disease in PPMS patients, as indicated by an increased progression index.
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Affiliation(s)
- L de Bock
- Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - J Fraussen
- Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - L M Villar
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Álvarez-Cermeño
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Van Wijmeersch
- Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Multiple Sclerosis and Rehabilitation Center, Overpelt, Belgium
| | - V van Pesch
- Institute of Neurosciences, Neurochemistry Unit, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Stinissen
- Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - V Somers
- Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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46
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Hohlfeld R, Dornmair K, Meinl E, Wekerle H. The search for the target antigens of multiple sclerosis, part 2: CD8+ T cells, B cells, and antibodies in the focus of reverse-translational research. Lancet Neurol 2015; 15:317-31. [PMID: 26724102 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Interest in CD8+ T cells and B cells was initially inspired by observations in multiple sclerosis rather than in animal models: CD8+ T cells predominate in multiple sclerosis lesions, oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands in CSF have long been recognised as diagnostic and prognostic markers, and anti-B-cell therapies showed considerable efficacy in multiple sclerosis. Taking a reverse-translational approach, findings from human T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire studies provided strong evidence for antigen-driven clonal expansion in the brain and CSF. New methods allow the reconstruction of human TCRs and antibodies from tissue-infiltrating immune cells, which can be used for the unbiased screening of antigen libraries. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) has received renewed attention as an antibody target in childhood multiple sclerosis and in a small subgroup of adult patients with multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that a separate condition in adults exists, tentatively called MOG-antibody-associated encephalomyelitis, which has clinical features that overlap with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis. Although CD8+ T cells and B cells are thought to have a pathogenic role in some subgroups of patients, their target antigens have yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Campus Martinsried-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Klaus Dornmair
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Campus Martinsried-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Campus Martinsried-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Wekerle
- HERTIE Senior Professor Group Neuroimmunology, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
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47
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Claes N, Fraussen J, Stinissen P, Hupperts R, Somers V. B Cells Are Multifunctional Players in Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis: Insights from Therapeutic Interventions. Front Immunol 2015; 6:642. [PMID: 26734009 PMCID: PMC4685142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by autoimmune inflammation and neurodegeneration. Historically, damage to the CNS was thought to be mediated predominantly by activated pro-inflammatory T cells. B cell involvement in the pathogenesis of MS was solely attributed to autoantibody production. The first clues for the involvement of antibody-independent B cell functions in MS pathology came from positive results in clinical trials of the B cell-depleting treatment rituximab in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS. The survival of antibody-secreting plasma cells and decrease in T cell numbers indicated the importance of other B cell functions in MS such as antigen presentation, costimulation, and cytokine production. Rituximab provided us with an example of how clinical trials can lead to new research opportunities concerning B cell biology. Moreover, analysis of the antibody-independent B cell functions in MS has gained interest since these trials. Limited information is present on the effects of current immunomodulatory therapies on B cell functions, although effects of both first-line (interferon, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, and teriflunomide), second-line (fingolimod, natalizumab), and even third-line (monoclonal antibody therapies) treatments on B cell subtype distribution, expression of functional surface markers, and secretion of different cytokines by B cells have been studied to some extent. In this review, we summarize the effects of different MS-related treatments on B cell functions that have been described up to now in order to find new research opportunities and contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Claes
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Judith Fraussen
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Piet Stinissen
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Raymond Hupperts
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Academic MS Center Limburg, Zuyderland Medisch Centrum, Sittard, Netherlands
| | - Veerle Somers
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences , Diepenbeek , Belgium
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48
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Barbierato M, Facci L, Marinelli C, Zusso M, Argentini C, Skaper SD, Giusti P. Co-ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin Promotes the Maturation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16676. [PMID: 26578323 PMCID: PMC4649338 DOI: 10.1038/srep16676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes have limited ability to repair the damage to themselves or to other nerve cells, as seen in demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis. An important strategy may be to replace the lost oligodendrocytes and/or promote the maturation of undifferentiated oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Recent studies show that a composite of co-ultramicronized N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) and luteolin (co-ultramicronized PEA/luteolin, 10:1 by mass) is efficacious in improving outcome in experimental models of spinal cord and traumatic brain injuries. Here, we examined the ability of co-ultramicronized PEA/luteolin to promote progression of OPCs into a more differentiated phenotype. OPCs derived from newborn rat cortex were placed in culture and treated the following day with 10 μM co-ultramicronized PEA/luteolin. Cells were collected 1, 4 and 8 days later and analyzed for expression of myelin basic protein (MBP). qPCR and Western blot analyses revealed a time-dependent increase in expression of both mRNA for MBP and MBP content, along with an increased expression of genes involved in lipid biogenesis. Ultramicronized PEA or luteolin, either singly or in simple combination, were ineffective. Further, co-ultramicronized PEA/luteolin promoted morphological development of OPCs and total protein content without affecting proliferation. Co-ultramicronized PEA/luteolin may represent a novel pharmacological strategy to promote OPC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Barbierato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Facci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Carla Marinelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Morena Zusso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Carla Argentini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Stephen D Skaper
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Giusti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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Jha MK, Lee WH, Suk K. Functional polarization of neuroglia: Implications in neuroinflammation and neurological disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 103:1-16. [PMID: 26556658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent neuroscience research has established the adult brain as a dynamic organ having a unique ability to undergo changes with time. Neuroglia, especially microglia and astrocytes, provide dynamicity to the brain. Activation of these glial cells is a major component of the neuroinflammatory responses underlying brain injury and neurodegeneration. Glial cells execute functional reaction programs in response to diverse microenvironmental signals manifested by neuropathological conditions. Activated microglia exist along a continuum of two functional states of polarization namely M1-type (classical/proinflammatory activation) and M2-type (alternative/anti-inflammatory activation) as in macrophages. The balance between classically and alternatively activated microglial phenotypes influences disease progression in the CNS. The classically activated state of microglia drives the neuroinflammatory response and mediates the detrimental effects on neurons, whereas in their alternative activation state, which is apparently a beneficial activation state, the microglia play a crucial role in tissue maintenance and repair. Likewise, in response to immune or inflammatory microenvironments astrocytes also adopt neurotoxic or neuroprotective phenotypes. Reactive astrocytes exhibit two distinctive functional phenotypes defined by pro- or anti-inflammatory gene expression profile. In this review, we have thoroughly covered recent advances in the understanding of the functional polarization of brain and peripheral glia and its implications in neuroinflammation and neurological disorders. The identifiable phenotypes adopted by neuroglia in response to specific insult or injury can be exploited as promising diagnostic markers of neuroinflammatory diseases. Furthermore, harnessing the beneficial effects of the polarized glia could undoubtedly pave the way for the formulation of novel glia-based therapeutic strategies for diverse neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Ligocki AJ, Rivas JR, Rounds WH, Guzman AA, Li M, Spadaro M, Lahey L, Chen D, Henson PM, Graves D, Greenberg BM, Frohman EM, Ward ES, Robinson W, Meinl E, White CL, Stowe AM, Monson NL. A Distinct Class of Antibodies May Be an Indicator of Gray Matter Autoimmunity in Early and Established Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients. ASN Neuro 2015; 7:7/5/1759091415609613. [PMID: 26489686 PMCID: PMC4710131 DOI: 10.1177/1759091415609613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
*These authors contributed equally to the work in this manuscript.We have previously identified a distinct class of antibodies expressed by B cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of early and established relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients that is not observed in healthy donors. These antibodies contain a unique pattern of mutations in six codons along VH4 antibody genes that we termed the antibody gene signature (AGS). In fact, patients who have such B cells in their CSF are identified as either having RRMS or developing RRMS in the future. As mutations in antibody genes increase antibody affinity for particular antigens, the goal for this study was to investigate whether AGS(+) antibodies bind to brain tissue antigens. Single B cells were isolated from the CSF of 10 patients with early or established RRMS. We chose 32 of these B cells that expressed antibodies enriched for the AGS for further study. We generated monoclonal full-length recombinant human antibodies (rhAbs) and used both immunological assays and immunohistochemistry to investigate the capacity of these AGS(+) rhAbs to bind brain tissue antigens. AGS(+) rhAbs did not recognize myelin tracts in the corpus callosum. Instead, AGS(+) rhAbs recognized neuronal nuclei and/or astrocytes, which are prevalent in the cortical gray matter. This pattern was unique to the AGS(+) antibodies from early and established RRMS patients, as AGS(+) antibodies from an early neuromyelitis optica patient did not display the same reactivity. Prevalence of CSF-derived B cells expressing AGS(+) antibodies that bind to these cell types may be an indicator of gray matter-directed autoimmunity in early and established RRMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann J Ligocki
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Rivas
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William H Rounds
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa A Guzman
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Melania Spadaro
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lauren Lahey
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Ding Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Paul M Henson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Donna Graves
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin M Greenberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elliot M Frohman
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - E Sally Ward
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William Robinson
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Charles L White
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nancy L Monson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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