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Sala D, Marchet S, Nanetti L, Legati A, Mariotti C, Lamantea E, Ghezzi D, Catania A, Lamperti C. A novel MT-ATP6 variant associated with complicated ataxia in two unrelated Italian patients: case report and functional studies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:200. [PMID: 38755691 PMCID: PMC11100036 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MT-ATP6 is a mitochondrial gene which encodes for the intramembrane subunit 6 (or A) of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, also known asl complex V, which is involved in the last step of oxidative phosphorylation to produce cellular ATP through aerobic metabolism. Although classically associated with the NARP syndrome, recent evidence highlights an important role of MT-ATP6 pathogenic variants in complicated adult-onset ataxias. METHODS We describe two unrelated patients with adult-onset cerebellar ataxia associated with severe optic atrophy and mild cognitive impairment. Whole mitochondrial DNA sequencing was performed in both patients. We employed patients' primary fibroblasts and cytoplasmic hybrids (cybrids), generated from patients-derived cells, to assess the activity of respiratory chain complexes, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential. RESULTS In both patients, we identified the same novel m.8777 T > C variant in MT-ATP6 with variable heteroplasmy level in different tissues. We identifed an additional heteroplasmic novel variant in MT-ATP6, m.8879G > T, in the patients with the most severe phenotype. A significant reduction in complex V activity, OCR and ATP production was observed in cybrid clones homoplasmic for the m.8777 T > C variant, while no functional defect was detected in m.8879G > T homoplasmic clones. In addition, fibroblasts with high heteroplasmic levelsof m.8777 T > C variant showed hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membranes. CONCLUSIONS We describe a novel pathogenic mtDNA variant in MT-ATP6 associated with adult-onset ataxia, reinforcing the value of mtDNA screening within the diagnostic workflow of selected patients with late onset ataxias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Sala
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchet
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Legati
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lamantea
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Catania
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126, Milan, Italy.
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Meyer C, Hertig D, Arnold J, Urzi C, Kurth S, Mayr JA, Schaller A, Vermathen P, Nuoffer JM. Complex I, V, and MDH2 deficient human skin fibroblasts reveal distinct metabolic signatures by 1 H HR-MAS NMR. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:270-279. [PMID: 38084664 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the metabolic signatures of different mitochondrial defects (two different complex I and complex V, and the one MDH2 defect) in human skin fibroblasts (HSF). We hypothesized that using a selective culture medium would cause defect specific adaptation of the metabolome and further our understanding of the biochemical implications for the studied defects. All cells were cultivated under galactose stress condition and compared to glucose-based cell culture condition. We investigated the bioenergetic profile using Seahorse XFe96 cell analyzer and assessed the extracellular metabolic footprints and the intracellular metabolic fingerprints using NMR. The galactose-based culture condition forced a bioenergetic switch from a glycolytic to an oxidative state in all cell lines which improved overall separation of controls from the different defect groups. The extracellular metabolome was discriminative for separating controls from defects but not the specific defects, whereas the intracellular metabolome suggests CI and CV changes and revealed clear MDH2 defect-specific changes in metabolites associated with the TCA cycle, malate aspartate shuttle, and the choline metabolism, which are pronounced under galactose condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Meyer
- Magnetic Resonance Methodology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Damian Hertig
- Magnetic Resonance Methodology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Janine Arnold
- Magnetic Resonance Methodology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Urzi
- Magnetic Resonance Methodology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Kurth
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - André Schaller
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vermathen
- Magnetic Resonance Methodology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Nuoffer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Zhao Y, Wei S, Chen L, Zhou X, Ma X. Primary biliary cholangitis: molecular pathogenesis perspectives and therapeutic potential of natural products. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1164202. [PMID: 37457696 PMCID: PMC10349375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1164202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic immune liver disease characterized by persistent cholestasis, interlobular bile duct damage, portal inflammation, liver fibrosis, eventual cirrhosis, and death. Existing clinical and animal studies have made a good progress in bile acid metabolism, intestinal flora disorder inflammatory response, bile duct cell damage, and autoimmune response mechanisms. However, the pathogenesis of PBC has not been clearly elucidated. We focus on the pathological mechanism and new drug research and development of PBC in clinical and laboratory in the recent 20 years, to discuss the latest understanding of the pathological mechanism, treatment options, and drug discovery of PBC. Current clinical treatment mode and symptomatic drug support obviously cannot meet the urgent demand of patients with PBC, especially for the patients who do not respond to the current treatment drugs. New treatment methods are urgently needed. Drug candidates targeting reported targets or signals of PBC are emerging, albeit with some success and some failure. Single-target drugs cannot achieve ideal clinical efficacy. Multitarget drugs are the trend of future research and development of PBC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lisheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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4
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Magistrati M, Gilea AI, Gerra MC, Baruffini E, Dallabona C. Drug Drop Test: How to Quickly Identify Potential Therapeutic Compounds for Mitochondrial Diseases Using Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10696. [PMID: 37445873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) refer to a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous pathologies characterized by defective mitochondrial function and energy production. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for most MDs, and current therapeutic management is limited to relieving symptoms. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been efficiently used as a model organism to study mitochondria-related disorders thanks to its easy manipulation and well-known mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. It has been successfully exploited both to validate alleged pathogenic variants identified in patients and to discover potential beneficial molecules for their treatment. The so-called "drug drop test", a phenotype-based high-throughput screening, especially if coupled with a drug repurposing approach, allows the identification of molecules with high translational potential in a cost-effective and time-saving manner. In addition to drug identification, S. cerevisiae can be used to point out the drug's target or pathway. To date, drug drop tests have been successfully carried out for a variety of disease models, leading to very promising results. The most relevant aspect is that studies on more complex model organisms confirmed the effectiveness of the drugs, strengthening the results obtained in yeast and demonstrating the usefulness of this screening as a novel approach to revealing new therapeutic molecules for MDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Magistrati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alexandru Ionut Gilea
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Gerra
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Baruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Dallabona
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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5
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Kao YC, Chang YW, Lai CP, Chang NW, Huang CH, Chen CS, Huang HC, Juan HF. Ectopic ATP synthase stimulates the secretion of extracellular vesicles in cancer cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:642. [PMID: 37322056 PMCID: PMC10272197 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTARCT Ectopic ATP synthase on the plasma membrane (eATP synthase) has been found in various cancer types and is a potential target for cancer therapy. However, whether it provides a functional role in tumor progression remains unclear. Here, quantitative proteomics reveals that cancer cells under starvation stress express higher eATP synthase and enhance the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are vital regulators within the tumor microenvironment. Further results show that eATP synthase generates extracellular ATP to stimulate EV secretion by enhancing P2X7 receptor-triggered Ca2+ influx. Surprisingly, eATP synthase is also located on the surface of tumor-secreted EVs. The EVs-surface eATP synthase increases the uptake of tumor-secreted EVs in Jurkat T-cells via association with Fyn, a plasma membrane protein found in immune cells. The eATP synthase-coated EVs uptake subsequently represses the proliferation and cytokine secretion of Jurkat T-cells. This study clarifies the role of eATP synthase on EV secretion and its influence on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Kao
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Charles P Lai
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hao Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Food Safety / Hygiene and Risk Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Center for Computational and Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Singh V. F 1F o adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase is a potential drug target in non-communicable diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3849-3862. [PMID: 36715790 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
F1Fo adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, also known as the complex V, is the central ATP-producing unit in the cells arranged in the mitochondrial and plasma membranes. F1Fo ATP synthase also regulates the central metabolic processes in the human body driven by proton motive force (Δp). Numerous studies have immensely contributed toward highlighting its regulation in improving energy homeostasis and maintaining mitochondrial integrity, which otherwise gets compromised in illnesses. Yet, its role in the implication of non-communicable diseases remains unknown. F1Fo ATP synthase dysregulation at gene level leads to reduced activity and delocalization in the cristae and plasma membranes, which is directly associated with non-communicable diseases: cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and renal diseases. Individual subunits of the F1Fo ATP synthase target ligand-based competitive or non-competitive inhibition. After performing a systematic literature review to understand its specific functions and its novel drug targets, the present article focuses on the central role of F1Fo ATP synthase in primary non-communicable diseases. Next, it discusses its involvement through various pathways and the effects of multiple inhibitors, activators, and modulators specific to non-communicable diseases with a futuristic outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Singh
- Centre for Life Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
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7
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Lin W, Li Y, Luo C, Huang G, Hu G, He X. Proteomic analysis of ubiquitinated proteins in ‘Xiangshui’ lemon [Citrus limon (L.)] pistils after self- and cross-pollination. J Proteomics 2022; 264:104631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Amor H, Hammadeh ME. A Systematic Review of the Impact of Mitochondrial Variations on Male Infertility. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071182. [PMID: 35885965 PMCID: PMC9325252 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
According to current estimates, infertility affects one in four couples trying to conceive. Primary or secondary infertility can be due either to both partners or only to the man or the woman. Up to 15% of infertility cases in men can be attributed to genetic factors that can lead to irreversible partial or complete spermatogenic arrest. The increased use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has provided not only insights into the causes of male infertility but also afforded a diagnostic tool to detect and manage this condition among couples. Genes control a variety of physiological attributes, such as the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, development, and germ cell differentiation. In the era of ART, it is important to understand the genetic basis of infertility so as to provide the most tailored therapy and counseling to couples. Genetic factors involved in male infertility can be chromosome abnormalities or single-gene disorders, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, Y-chromosome deletions, multifactorial disorders, imprinting disorders, or endocrine disorders of genetic origin. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondria and the mitochondrial genome as an indicator of sperm quality and fertility.
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Sequiera GL, Srivastava A, Sareen N, Yan W, Alagarsamy KN, Verma E, Aghanoori MR, Aliani M, Kumar A, Fernyhough P, Rockman-Greenberg C, Dhingra S. Development of iPSC-based clinical trial selection platform for patients with ultrarare diseases. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl4370. [PMID: 35394834 PMCID: PMC8993122 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A "Leap-of-Faith" approach is used to treat patients with previously unknown ultrarare pathogenic mutations, often based on evidence from patients having dissimilar but more prevalent mutations. This uncertainty reflects the need to develop personalized prescreening platforms for these patients to assess drug efficacy before considering clinical trial enrollment. In this study, we report an 18-year-old patient with ultrarare Leigh-like syndrome. This patient had previously participated in two clinical trials with unfavorable responses. We established an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based platform for this patient, and assessed the efficacy of a panel of drugs. The iPSC platform validated the safety and efficacy of the screened drugs. The efficacy of three of the screened drugs was also investigated in the patient. After 3 years of treatment, the drugs were effective in shifting the metabolic profile of this patient toward healthy control. Therefore, this personalized iPSC-based platform can act as a prescreening tool to help in decision-making with respect to patient's participation in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Lester Sequiera
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Abhay Srivastava
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Niketa Sareen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Weiang Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Keshav Narayan Alagarsamy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Elika Verma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mohamad Reza Aghanoori
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface General Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michel Aliani
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface General Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface General Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Cheryl Rockman-Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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Oxidative Phosphorylation Is Required for Powering Motility and Development of the Sleeping Sickness Parasite Trypanosoma brucei in the Tsetse Fly Vector. mBio 2022; 13:e0235721. [PMID: 35012336 PMCID: PMC8749461 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02357-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The single-celled parasite Trypanosoma brucei is transmitted by hematophagous tsetse flies. Life cycle progression from mammalian bloodstream form to tsetse midgut form and, subsequently, infective salivary gland form depends on complex developmental steps and migration within different fly tissues. As the parasite colonizes the glucose-poor insect midgut, ATP production is thought to depend on activation of mitochondrial amino acid catabolism via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). This process involves respiratory chain complexes and F1Fo-ATP synthase and requires protein subunits of these complexes that are encoded in the parasite's mitochondrial DNA (kDNA). Here, we show that progressive loss of kDNA-encoded functions correlates with a decreasing ability to initiate and complete development in the tsetse. First, parasites with a mutated F1Fo-ATP synthase with reduced capacity for OXPHOS can initiate differentiation from bloodstream to insect form, but they are unable to proliferate in vitro. Unexpectedly, these cells can still colonize the tsetse midgut. However, these parasites exhibit a motility defect and are severely impaired in colonizing or migrating to subsequent tsetse tissues. Second, parasites with a fully disrupted F1Fo-ATP synthase complex that is completely unable to produce ATP by OXPHOS can still differentiate to the first insect stage in vitro but die within a few days and cannot establish a midgut infection in vivo. Third, parasites lacking kDNA entirely can initiate differentiation but die soon after. Together, these scenarios suggest that efficient ATP production via OXPHOS is not essential for initial colonization of the tsetse vector but is required to power trypanosome migration within the fly. IMPORTANCE African trypanosomes cause disease in humans and their livestock and are transmitted by tsetse flies. The insect ingests these parasites with its blood meal, but to be transmitted to another mammal, the trypanosome must undergo complex development within the tsetse fly and migrate from the insect's gut to its salivary glands. Crucially, the parasite must switch from a sugar-based diet while in the mammal to a diet based primarily on amino acids when it develops in the insect. Here, we show that efficient energy production by an organelle called the mitochondrion is critical for the trypanosome's ability to swim and to migrate through the tsetse fly. Surprisingly, trypanosomes with impaired mitochondrial energy production are only mildly compromised in their ability to colonize the tsetse fly midgut. Our study adds a new perspective to the emerging view that infection of tsetse flies by trypanosomes is more complex than previously thought.
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Pramanik SK, Das A. Fluorescent probes for imaging bioactive species in subcellular organelles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12058-12073. [PMID: 34706371 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent molecular probes and nanoscale materials have become important tools in biosensing and bioimaging applications because of their high sensitivity, fast response, specificity, and methodological simplicity. In recent years, there has been a notable advancement in fluorescent probes that respond to the subtle changes in subcellular microenvironments (e.g., polarity, pH, and viscosity) or distribution of certain crucial biomarkers (e.g., reactive oxygen species, ions, amino acids, and enzymes). The dynamic fluctuations of these bio-molecules in subcellular microenvironments control cellular homeostasis, immunity, signal conduction, and metabolism. Their abnormal expressions are linked to various biological disorders and disease states. Thus, the real-time monitoring of such bioactive species is intimately linked to clinical diagnostics. Appropriately designed luminescent probes are ideally suited for desired organelle specificity, as well as for reporting intracellular changes in biochemicals/microenvironmental factors with the luminescence ON response. In this perspective, we review our recent work on the development of fluorescent probes for sensing and imaging within sub-cellular organelles. We have also discussed the design aspects for developing a prodrug with a fluorescent probe as an integral part of possible theranostic applications. An overview of the design principles, photophysical properties, detection mechanisms, current challenges, and potential future directions of fluorescent probes is presented in this feature article. We have also discussed the limitations and challenges of developing the solution platform for sensing technologies in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Pramanik
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India.
| | - Amitva Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741 246, West Bengal, India.
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12
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Zanfardino P, Doccini S, Santorelli FM, Petruzzella V. Tackling Dysfunction of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8325. [PMID: 34361091 PMCID: PMC8348117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is the basic function of mitochondria, although the landscape of mitochondrial functions is continuously growing to include more aspects of cellular homeostasis. Thanks to the application of -omics technologies to the study of the OxPhos system, novel features emerge from the cataloging of novel proteins as mitochondrial thus adding details to the mitochondrial proteome and defining novel metabolic cellular interrelations, especially in the human brain. We focussed on the diversity of bioenergetics demand and different aspects of mitochondrial structure, functions, and dysfunction in the brain. Definition such as 'mitoexome', 'mitoproteome' and 'mitointeractome' have entered the field of 'mitochondrial medicine'. In this context, we reviewed several genetic defects that hamper the last step of aerobic metabolism, mostly involving the nervous tissue as one of the most prominent energy-dependent tissues and, as consequence, as a primary target of mitochondrial dysfunction. The dual genetic origin of the OxPhos complexes is one of the reasons for the complexity of the genotype-phenotype correlation when facing human diseases associated with mitochondrial defects. Such complexity clinically manifests with extremely heterogeneous symptoms, ranging from organ-specific to multisystemic dysfunction with different clinical courses. Finally, we briefly discuss the future directions of the multi-omics study of human brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zanfardino
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Stefano Doccini
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | | | - Vittoria Petruzzella
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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The Repurposing of Acetylsalicylic Acid as a Photosensitiser to Inactivate the Growth of Cryptococcal Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050404. [PMID: 33922831 PMCID: PMC8146328 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic treatment (PDT) is often successful when used against aerobic microbes, given their natural susceptibility to oxidative damage. To this end, the current study aimed to explore the photodynamic action of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; aspirin, which is commonly used to treat non-infectious ailments), when administered to respiring cryptococcal cells. The treatment of cryptococcal cells, i.e., exposure to 0.5 or 1 mM of ASA in the presence of ultraviolet light (UVL) for 10 min, resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the growth of tested cells when compared to non-treated (non-Rx) cells, i.e., no ASA and no UVL. The treated cells were also characterised by diseased mitochondria, which is crucial for the survival of respiring cells, as observed by a significant (p < 0.05) loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM) and significant (p < 0.05) accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when compared to non-Rx cells. Moreover, the photolytic products of acetylsalicylic acid altered the ultrastructural appearance of treated cells as well as limited the expression levels of the capsular-associated gene, CAP64, when compared to non-Rx cells. The results of the study highlight the potential use of ASA as a photosensitiser that is effective for controlling the growth of cryptococcal cells. Potentially, this treatment can also be used as an adjuvant, to complement and support the usage of current anti-microbial agents.
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14
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Zwicker VE, Sergeant GE, New EJ, Jolliffe KA. A colorimetric sensor array for the classification of biologically relevant tri-, di- and mono-phosphates. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1017-1021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02397c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic tetrapeptide paired with six commercially available indicators provides a chemosensing array able to classify biological phosphate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth J. New
- The University of Sydney
- School of Chemistry
- Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)
- The University of Sydney
| | - Katrina A. Jolliffe
- The University of Sydney
- School of Chemistry
- Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)
- The University of Sydney
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15
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Fernandez-Vizarra E, Zeviani M. Mitochondrial disorders of the OXPHOS system. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:1062-1106. [PMID: 33159691 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are among the most frequent inborn errors of metabolism, their primary cause being the dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). OXPHOS is composed of the electron transport chain (ETC), formed by four multimeric enzymes and two mobile electron carriers, plus an ATP synthase [also called complex V (cV)]. The ETC performs the redox reactions involved in cellular respiration while generating the proton motive force used by cV to synthesize ATP. OXPHOS biogenesis involves multiple steps, starting from the expression of genes encoded in physically separated genomes, namely the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, to the coordinated assembly of components and cofactors building each individual complex and eventually the supercomplexes. The genetic cause underlying around half of the diagnosed mitochondrial disease cases is currently known. Many of these cases result from pathogenic variants in genes encoding structural subunits or additional factors directly involved in the assembly of the ETC complexes. Here, we review the historical and most recent findings concerning the clinical phenotypes and the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying this particular group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Fernandez-Vizarra
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Italy
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16
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Human Mitochondrial Pathologies of the Respiratory Chain and ATP Synthase: Contributions from Studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110304. [PMID: 33238568 PMCID: PMC7700678 DOI: 10.3390/life10110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ease with which the unicellular yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be manipulated genetically and biochemically has established this organism as a good model for the study of human mitochondrial diseases. The combined use of biochemical and molecular genetic tools has been instrumental in elucidating the functions of numerous yeast nuclear gene products with human homologs that affect a large number of metabolic and biological processes, including those housed in mitochondria. These include structural and catalytic subunits of enzymes and protein factors that impinge on the biogenesis of the respiratory chain. This article will review what is currently known about the genetics and clinical phenotypes of mitochondrial diseases of the respiratory chain and ATP synthase, with special emphasis on the contribution of information gained from pet mutants with mutations in nuclear genes that impair mitochondrial respiration. Our intent is to provide the yeast mitochondrial specialist with basic knowledge of human mitochondrial pathologies and the human specialist with information on how genes that directly and indirectly affect respiration were identified and characterized in yeast.
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17
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Tian H, Zhang B, Li L, Wang G, Li H, Zheng J. Manipulation of Mitochondrial Plasticity Changes the Metabolic Competition Between "Foe" and "Friend" During Tumor Malignant Transformation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1692. [PMID: 32974209 PMCID: PMC7471250 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria as the cellular energy powerhouses provide a common site for multiple metabolic reactions in order to cover energy and biomolecule demands, thus integrating the diverse metabolic pathways to endow cells with metabolic adaptation. Mitochondrial plasticity is normally regulated by mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. Given that tumor cells and T cells share the metabolic similarities of survival, proliferation, expansion as well as effector function, manipulation of mitochondrial plasticity would change the metabolic competition between “foe” and “friend” during tumor malignant progression. On the one hand, for “foe” tumor cells, mitochondrial plasticity provides the enhancement of tumor metastasis and the development of resistance to‘ diverse antitumor drugs. On the other hand, for “friend” T cells, mitochondrial plasticity promotes the generation of long-term memory T (TM) cells and alleviates the exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Therefore, downregulation of mitochondrial plasticity of tumor cells through engineering tumor-targeting nanoparticles may effectively potentiate metabolic vulnerability and re-sensitize tumor to relevant therapeutic treatment. On the contrary, upregulation of mitochondrial plasticity of T cells through optimizing adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy would provide T cells with the robust metabolic fitness and the persistent immune function, thus blocking tumor metastasis and reoccurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tian
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Baofu Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liantao Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huizhong Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - JunNian Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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18
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Ding Q, Kucharczyk R, Zhao W, Dautant A, Xu S, Niedzwiecka K, Su X, Giraud MF, Gombeau K, Zhang M, Xie H, Zeng C, Bouhier M, di Rago JP, Liu Z, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, Chen H. Case Report: Identification of a Novel Variant (m.8909T>C) of Human Mitochondrial ATP6 Gene and Its Functional Consequences on Yeast ATP Synthase. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090215. [PMID: 32971864 PMCID: PMC7555451 DOI: 10.3390/life10090215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of next generation sequencing, the list of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations identified in patients rapidly and continuously expands. They are frequently found in a limited number of cases, sometimes a single individual (as with the case herein reported) and in heterogeneous genetic backgrounds (heteroplasmy), which makes it difficult to conclude about their pathogenicity and functional consequences. As an organism amenable to mitochondrial DNA manipulation, able to survive by fermentation to loss-of-function mtDNA mutations, and where heteroplasmy is unstable, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent model for investigating novel human mtDNA variants, in isolation and in a controlled genetic context. We herein report the identification of a novel variant in mitochondrial ATP6 gene, m.8909T>C. It was found in combination with the well-known pathogenic m.3243A>G mutation in mt-tRNALeu. We show that an equivalent of the m.8909T>C mutation compromises yeast adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) synthase assembly/stability and reduces the rate of mitochondrial ATP synthesis by 20-30% compared to wild type yeast. Other previously reported ATP6 mutations with a well-established pathogenicity (like m.8993T>C and m.9176T>C) were shown to have similar effects on yeast ATP synthase. It can be inferred that alone the m.8909T>C variant has the potential to compromise human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Ding
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 211166, China; (Q.D.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (M.Z.); (H.X.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Róża Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00090 Warsaw, Poland; (R.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 211166, China; (Q.D.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (M.Z.); (H.X.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Alain Dautant
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (A.D.); (X.S.); (M.-F.G.); (K.G.); (M.B.); (J.-P.d.R.)
| | - Shutian Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 211166, China; (Q.D.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (M.Z.); (H.X.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Niedzwiecka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00090 Warsaw, Poland; (R.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Xin Su
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (A.D.); (X.S.); (M.-F.G.); (K.G.); (M.B.); (J.-P.d.R.)
| | - Marie-France Giraud
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (A.D.); (X.S.); (M.-F.G.); (K.G.); (M.B.); (J.-P.d.R.)
| | - Kewin Gombeau
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (A.D.); (X.S.); (M.-F.G.); (K.G.); (M.B.); (J.-P.d.R.)
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 211166, China; (Q.D.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (M.Z.); (H.X.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Honglang Xie
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 211166, China; (Q.D.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (M.Z.); (H.X.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Caihong Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 211166, China; (Q.D.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (M.Z.); (H.X.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Marine Bouhier
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (A.D.); (X.S.); (M.-F.G.); (K.G.); (M.B.); (J.-P.d.R.)
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (A.D.); (X.S.); (M.-F.G.); (K.G.); (M.B.); (J.-P.d.R.)
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 211166, China; (Q.D.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (M.Z.); (H.X.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (A.D.); (X.S.); (M.-F.G.); (K.G.); (M.B.); (J.-P.d.R.)
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, 75000 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (D.T.-T.); (H.C.)
| | - Huimei Chen
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 211166, China; (Q.D.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (M.Z.); (H.X.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.T.-T.); (H.C.)
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19
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Su X, Dautant A, Godard F, Bouhier M, Zoladek T, Kucharczyk R, di Rago JP, Tribouillard-Tanvier D. Molecular Basis of the Pathogenic Mechanism Induced by the m.9191T>C Mutation in Mitochondrial ATP6 Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145083. [PMID: 32708436 PMCID: PMC7404254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Probing the pathogenicity and functional consequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations from patient’s cells and tissues is difficult due to genetic heteroplasmy (co-existence of wild type and mutated mtDNA in cells), occurrence of numerous mtDNA polymorphisms, and absence of methods for genetically transforming human mitochondria. Owing to its good fermenting capacity that enables survival to loss-of-function mtDNA mutations, its amenability to mitochondrial genome manipulation, and lack of heteroplasmy, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent model for studying and resolving the molecular bases of human diseases linked to mtDNA in a controlled genetic background. Using this model, we previously showed that a pathogenic mutation in mitochondrial ATP6 gene (m.9191T>C), that converts a highly conserved leucine residue into proline in human ATP synthase subunit a (aL222P), severely compromises the assembly of yeast ATP synthase and reduces by 90% the rate of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Herein, we report the isolation of intragenic suppressors of this mutation. In light of recently described high resolution structures of ATP synthase, the results indicate that the m.9191T>C mutation disrupts a four α-helix bundle in subunit a and that the leucine residue it targets indirectly optimizes proton conduction through the membrane domain of ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; (X.S.); (A.D.); (F.G.); (M.B.); (J.-P.d.R.)
| | - Alain Dautant
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; (X.S.); (A.D.); (F.G.); (M.B.); (J.-P.d.R.)
| | - François Godard
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; (X.S.); (A.D.); (F.G.); (M.B.); (J.-P.d.R.)
| | - Marine Bouhier
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; (X.S.); (A.D.); (F.G.); (M.B.); (J.-P.d.R.)
| | - Teresa Zoladek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (T.Z.); (R.K.)
| | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (T.Z.); (R.K.)
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; (X.S.); (A.D.); (F.G.); (M.B.); (J.-P.d.R.)
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; (X.S.); (A.D.); (F.G.); (M.B.); (J.-P.d.R.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Su X, Rak M, Tetaud E, Godard F, Sardin E, Bouhier M, Gombeau K, Caetano-Anollés D, Salin B, Chen H, di Rago JP, Tribouillard-Tanvier D. Deregulating mitochondrial metabolite and ion transport has beneficial effects in yeast and human cellular models for NARP syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3792-3804. [PMID: 31276579 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The m.8993T>G mutation of the mitochondrial MT-ATP6 gene has been associated with numerous cases of neuropathy, ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa and maternally inherited Leigh syndrome, which are diseases known to result from abnormalities affecting mitochondrial energy transduction. We previously reported that an equivalent point mutation severely compromised proton transport through the ATP synthase membrane domain (FO) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and reduced the content of cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV or COX) by 80%. Herein, we report that overexpression of the mitochondrial oxodicarboxylate carrier (Odc1p) considerably increases Complex IV abundance and tricarboxylic acid-mediated substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP coupled to conversion of α-ketoglutarate into succinate in m.8993T>G yeast. Consistently in m.8993T>G yeast cells, the retrograde signaling pathway was found to be strongly induced in order to preserve α-ketoglutarate production; when Odc1p was overexpressed, this stress pathway returned to an almost basal activity. Similar beneficial effects were induced by a partial uncoupling of the mitochondrial membrane with the proton ionophore, cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone. This chemical considerably improved the glutamine-based, respiration-dependent growth of human cytoplasmic hybrid cells that are homoplasmic for the m.8993T>G mutation. These findings shed light on the interdependence between ATP synthase and Complex IV biogenesis, which could lay the groundwork for the creation of nutritional or metabolic interventions for attenuating the effects of mtDNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université Victor Segalen, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, CEDEX 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Malgorzata Rak
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université Victor Segalen, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, CEDEX 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Tetaud
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université Victor Segalen, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, CEDEX 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Godard
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université Victor Segalen, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, CEDEX 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Sardin
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université Victor Segalen, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, CEDEX 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marine Bouhier
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université Victor Segalen, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, CEDEX 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kewin Gombeau
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université Victor Segalen, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, CEDEX 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Derek Caetano-Anollés
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bénédicte Salin
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université Victor Segalen, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, CEDEX 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Huimei Chen
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université Victor Segalen, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, CEDEX 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université Victor Segalen, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, CEDEX 33077 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Paris, France
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21
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Xu DQ, Li CJ, Jiang ZZ, Wang L, Huang HF, Li ZJ, Sun LX, Fan SS, Zhang LY, Wang T. The hypoglycemic mechanism of catalpol involves increased AMPK-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:791-799. [PMID: 31937931 PMCID: PMC7470840 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria serve as sensors of energy regulation and glucose levels, which are impaired by diabetes progression. Catalpol is an iridoid glycoside that exerts a hypoglycemic effect by improving mitochondrial function, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the current study we explored the effects of catalpol on mitochondrial function in db/db mice and C2C12 myotubes in vitro. After oral administration of catalpol (200 mg·kg−1·d−1) for 8 weeks, db/db mice exhibited a decreased fasting blood glucose level and restored mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. Catalpol increased mitochondrial biogenesis, evidenced by significant elevations in the number of mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA levels, and the expression of three genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaco-activator 1 (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1). In C2C12 myotubes, catalpol significantly increased glucose uptake and ATP production. These effects depended on activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, catalpol improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial function by activating AMPK-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings may guide the development of a new therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes.
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22
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Kochi C, Pokkunuri I, Salvi A, Asghar M, Salim S. Simulated vehicle exhaust exposure (SVEE) in rats impairs renal mitochondrial function. Clin Exp Hypertens 2020; 42:571-579. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2020.1766059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Kochi
- Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Indira Pokkunuri
- Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Heart and Kidney Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ankita Salvi
- The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohammad Asghar
- Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Heart and Kidney Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samina Salim
- Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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23
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Bajaj S, Alam SI, Ahmad B, Farooqi H, Gupta ML. Combination of podophyllotoxin and rutin modulate radiation-induced alterations of jejunal proteome in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:879-893. [PMID: 32167845 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1741721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Gastrointestinal (GI) injuries post ionizing radiation (IR) becomes a crucial factor in survival. Thus, the current study was aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms behind IR produced GI proteome alterations and their amelioration by a safe radioprotective formulation candidate, G-003M (podophyllotoxin+rutin).Materials and method: C57BL/6 mice were administered with G-003M 1 h before 9 Gy whole body γ irradiation. 2DE-MS analysis was conducted to identify differential expression of jejunum proteins with fold change >1.5 (p < .05) at various time-points. Results: G-003M pre-administration decreased total number of differential proteins. It mediated protection to cytoskeleton, modulated stress, apoptosis and inflammatory proteins. Direct effect on eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4H (Eif4h), thioredoxin domain-containing protein 17 (Txndc17) and interferon-induced protein 35 (Ifi35) was observed. Bioinformatics depicted transcription factor-MYC, was also positively modulated by G-003M. Further, it also enhanced level of citrulline (ELISA analysis), and restored crypts and villi lengths (histological analysis) against severe damage caused by lethal irradiation.Conclusion: Current findings reveal that G-003M may be an efficient candidate in protecting key proteins of metabolic and biochemical pathways assisting in the rapid recovery of GI proteome. This fairly improved the chances of animal survival exposed to lethal doses of whole body radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Bajaj
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Syed Imteyaz Alam
- Biotechnology Division, Defence R&D Establishment (DRDE), Defence R&D Organization (DRDO), Gwalior, India
| | - Basir Ahmad
- JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, New Delhi, India
| | - Humaira Farooqi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Manju Lata Gupta
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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Stendel C, Neuhofer C, Floride E, Yuqing S, Ganetzky RD, Park J, Freisinger P, Kornblum C, Kleinle S, Schöls L, Distelmaier F, Stettner GM, Büchner B, Falk MJ, Mayr JA, Synofzik M, Abicht A, Haack TB, Prokisch H, Wortmann SB, Murayama K, Fang F, Klopstock T. Delineating MT-ATP6-associated disease: From isolated neuropathy to early onset neurodegeneration. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2020; 6:e393. [PMID: 32042921 PMCID: PMC6975175 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To delineate the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum in carriers of mitochondrial MT-ATP6 mutations in a large international cohort. Methods We analyzed in detail the clinical, genetical, and neuroimaging data from 132 mutation carriers from national registries and local databases from Europe, USA, Japan, and China. Results We identified 113 clinically affected and 19 asymptomatic individuals with a known pathogenic MT-ATP6 mutation. The most frequent mutations were m.8993 T > G (53/132, 40%), m.8993 T > C (30/132, 23%), m.9176 T > C (30/132, 23%), and m.9185 T > C (12/132, 9%). The degree of heteroplasmy was high both in affected (mean 95%, range 20%–100%) and unaffected individuals (mean 73%, range 20%–100%). Age at onset ranged from prenatal to the age of 75 years, but almost half of the patients (49/103, 48%) became symptomatic before their first birthday. In 28 deceased patients, the median age of death was 14 months. The most frequent symptoms were ataxia (81%), cognitive dysfunction (49%), neuropathy (48%), seizures (37%), and retinopathy (14%). A diagnosis of Leigh syndrome was made in 55% of patients, whereas the classic syndrome of neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) was rare (8%). Conclusions In this currently largest series of patients with mitochondrial MT-ATP6 mutations, the phenotypic spectrum ranged from asymptomatic to early onset multisystemic neurodegeneration. The degree of mutation heteroplasmy did not reliably predict disease severity. Leigh syndrome was found in more than half of the patients, whereas classic NARP syndrome was rare. Oligosymptomatic presentations were rather frequent in adult-onset patients, indicating the need to include MT-ATP6 mutations in the differential diagnosis of both ataxias and neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stendel
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuhofer
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Floride
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Shi Yuqing
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Rebecca D Ganetzky
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Joohyun Park
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Freisinger
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kornblum
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kleinle
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Georg M Stettner
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Boriana Büchner
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Marni J Falk
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Angela Abicht
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (C.N.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.F.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University; Division of Clinical Genetics Salzburg State Hospitals and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (S.Y., F.F.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (R.D.G., M.J.F.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Division of Human Genetics (R.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics (R.D.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Children's Hospital (P.F.), Klinikum Reutlingen, Reutlingen; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Medical Genetic Center (S.K.), Munich; Department of Neurodegeneration (L.S., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen; Department of General Pediatrics (F.D.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.M.S.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (J.A.M.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology (A.A.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Medical Genetic Center (A.A.), Munich; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (T.B.H.), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (H.P.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.W.), Salzburg State Hospitals (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.B.W.), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Medical Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
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Biochemical thresholds for pathological presentation of ATP synthase deficiencies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:1036-1041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Liu YL, Shen ZJ, Simon M, Li H, Ma DN, Zhu XY, Zheng HL. Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Effects of H 2S on Salt Tolerance of Mangrove Plant Kandelia obovata. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010118. [PMID: 31878013 PMCID: PMC6981851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a dominant mangrove species, Kandelia obovata is distributed in an intertidal marsh with an active H2S release. Whether H2S participates in the salt tolerance of mangrove plants is still ambiguous, although increasing evidence has demonstrated that H2S functions in plant responses to multiple abiotic stresses. In this study, NaHS was used as an H2S donor to investigate the regulatory mechanism of H2S on the salt tolerance of K. obovata seedlings by using a combined physiological and proteomic analysis. The results showed that the reduction in photosynthesis (Pn) caused by 400 mM of NaCl was recovered by the addition of NaHS (200 μM). Furthermore, the application of H2S enhanced the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and the membrane lipid stability, implying that H2S is beneficial to the survival of K. obovata seedlings under high salinity. We further identified 37 differentially expressed proteins by proteomic approaches under salinity and NaHS treatments. Among them, the proteins that are related to photosynthesis, primary metabolism, stress response and hormone biosynthesis were primarily enriched. The physiological and proteomic results highlighted that exogenous H2S up-regulated photosynthesis and energy metabolism to help K. obovata to cope with high salinity. Specifically, H2S increased photosynthetic electron transfer, chlorophyll biosynthesis and carbon fixation in K. obovata leaves under salt stress. Furthermore, the abundances of other proteins related to the metabolic pathway, such as antioxidation (ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CSD2), and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1)), protein synthesis (heat-shock protein (HSP), chaperonin family protein (Cpn) 20), nitrogen metabolism (glutamine synthetase 1 and 2 (GS2), GS1:1), glycolysis (phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI)), and the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle were increased by H2S under high salinity. These findings provide new insights into the roles of H2S in the adaptations of the K. obovata mangrove plant to high salinity environments.
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Ratajczak K, Lukasiak A, Grel H, Dworakowska B, Jakiela S, Stobiecka M. Monitoring of dynamic ATP level changes by oligomycin-modulated ATP synthase inhibition in SW480 cancer cells using fluorescent "On-Off" switching DNA aptamer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6899-6911. [PMID: 31407049 PMCID: PMC6834760 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy source in cells and an important biomolecule participating in cellular reactions in living organisms. Since the ATP level changes dynamically reflecting the development of a debilitating disease or carcinogenesis, we have focused in this work on monitoring of the oligomycin (OMC)-modulated ATP synthase inhibition using a fluorescent-switching DNA aptamer designed for the detection of ATP (Apt(ATP)), as the model for studies of dynamic ATP level variation. The behavior of the ATP aptamer has been characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy. The Intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (iFRET) operates in the proposed aptamer from the FAM dye moiety to guanines of the aptamer G-quadruplex when the target ATP is present and binds to the aptamer changing its conformation. The iFRET process enables the detection of ATP down to the limit of detection, LOD = 17 μM, without resorting to any extra chemi-amplification schemes. The selectivity coefficients for relevant interferent triphosphates (UTP, GTP, and CTP) are low for the same concentration as that of ATP. We have demonstrated an efficient transfection of intact cells and OMC-treated SW480 colon cancer cells with Apt(ATP), using microscopic imaging, iFRET measurements, and cell viability testing with MTT method. The applicability of the switching DNA aptamer for the analysis of real samples, obtained by lysis of SW480 cells, was also tested. The proposed Apt(ATP) may be considered as a viable candidate for utilization in measurements of dynamic ATP level modulation in cells in different stages of cancer development and testing of new drugs in pharmacological studies. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ratajczak
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lukasiak
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Grel
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Dworakowska
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Jakiela
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Stobiecka
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland.
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Kucharczyk R, Dautant A, Godard F, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, di Rago JP. Functional investigation of an universally conserved leucine residue in subunit a of ATP synthase targeted by the pathogenic m.9176 T>G mutation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1860:52-59. [PMID: 30414414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protons are transported from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space of mitochondria during the transfer of electrons to oxygen and shuttled back to the matrix by the a subunit and a ring of identical c subunits across the membrane domain (FO) of ATP synthase, which is coupled to ATP synthesis. A mutation (m.9176 T > G) of the mitochondrial ATP6 gene that replaces an universally conserved leucine residue into arginine at amino acid position 217 of human subunit a (aL217R) has been associated to NARP (Neuropathy, Ataxia and Retinitis Pigmentosa) and MILS (Maternally Inherited Leigh's Syndrome) diseases. We previously showed that an equivalent thereof in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (aL237R) severely impairs subunit a assembly/stability and decreases by >90% the rate of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Herein we identified three spontaneous first-site intragenic suppressors (aR237M, aR237T and aR237S) that fully restore ATP synthase assembly. However, mitochondrial ATP synthesis rate was only partially recovered (40-50% vs wild type yeast). In light of recently described high-resolution yeast ATP synthase structures, the detrimental consequences of the aL237R change can be explained by steric and electrostatic hindrance with the universally conserved subunit a arginine residue (aR176) that is essential to FO activity. aL237 together with three other nearby hydrophobic residues have been proposed to prevent ion shortage between two physically separated hydrophilic pockets within the FO. Our results suggest that aL237 favors subunit c-ring rotation by optimizing electrostatic interaction between aR176 and an acidic residue in subunit c (cE59) known to be essential also to the activity of FO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Alain Dautant
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS-Bordeaux University (UMR5095), 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux 33077 cedex, France
| | - François Godard
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS-Bordeaux University (UMR5095), 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux 33077 cedex, France
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS-Bordeaux University (UMR5095), 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux 33077 cedex, France
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS-Bordeaux University (UMR5095), 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux 33077 cedex, France..
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Russo E, Nguyen H, Lippert T, Tuazon J, Borlongan CV, Napoli E. Mitochondrial targeting as a novel therapy for stroke. Brain Circ 2018; 4:84-94. [PMID: 30450413 PMCID: PMC6187947 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_14_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite the increasing development of innovative treatments for stroke, most are unsuccessful in clinical trials. In recent years, an encouraging strategy for stroke therapy has been identified in stem cells transplantation. In particular, grafting cells and their secretion products are leading with functional recovery in stroke patients by promoting the growth and function of the neurovascular unit – a communication framework between neurons, their supply microvessels along with glial cells – underlying stroke pathology and recovery. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recently recognized as a hallmark in ischemia/reperfusion neural damage. Emerging evidence of mitochondria transfer from stem cells to ischemic-injured cells points to transfer of healthy mitochondria as a viable novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic diseases. Hence, a more in-depth understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial impairment may lead to new tools for stroke treatment. In this review, we focus on the current evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in stroke, investigating favorable approaches of healthy mitochondria transfer in ischemic neurons, and exploring the potential of mitochondria-based cellular therapy for clinical applications. This paper is a review article. Referred literature in this paper has been listed in the references section. The data sets supporting the conclusions of this article are available online by searching various databases, including PubMed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Russo
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Trenton Lippert
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Julian Tuazon
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Zhu Y, Dean AE, Horikoshi N, Heer C, Spitz DR, Gius D. Emerging evidence for targeting mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction in cancer therapy. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3682-3691. [PMID: 30168803 DOI: 10.1172/jci120844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells use a complex network of redox-dependent processes necessary to maintain cellular integrity during oxidative metabolism, as well as to protect against and/or adapt to stress. The disruption of these redox-dependent processes, including those in the mitochondria, creates a cellular environment permissive for progression to a malignant phenotype and the development of resistance to commonly used anticancer agents. An extension of this paradigm is that when these mitochondrial functions are altered by the events leading to transformation and ensuing downstream metabolic processes, they can be used as molecular biomarkers or targets in the development of new therapeutic interventions to selectively kill and/or sensitize cancer versus normal cells. In this Review we propose that mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is altered in tumor cells, and the central theme of this dysregulation is electron transport chain activity, folate metabolism, NADH/NADPH metabolism, thiol-mediated detoxification pathways, and redox-active metal ion metabolism. It is proposed that specific subgroups of human malignancies display distinct mitochondrial transformative and/or tumor signatures that may benefit from agents that target these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela Elizabeth Dean
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nobuo Horikoshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Collin Heer
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Understanding the Role of Dysfunctional and Healthy Mitochondria in Stroke Pathology and Its Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072127. [PMID: 30037107 PMCID: PMC6073421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains a major cause of death and disability in the United States and around the world. Solid safety and efficacy profiles of novel stroke therapeutics have been generated in the laboratory, but most failed in clinical trials. Investigations into the pathology and treatment of the disease remain a key research endeavor in advancing scientific understanding and clinical applications. In particular, cell-based regenerative medicine, specifically stem cell transplantation, may hold promise as a stroke therapy, because grafted cells and their components may recapitulate the growth and function of the neurovascular unit, which arguably represents the alpha and omega of stroke brain pathology and recovery. Recent evidence has implicated mitochondria, organelles with a central role in energy metabolism and stress response, in stroke progression. Recognizing that stem cells offer a source of healthy mitochondria—one that is potentially transferrable into ischemic cells—may provide a new therapeutic tool. To this end, deciphering cellular and molecular processes underlying dysfunctional mitochondria may reveal innovative strategies for stroke therapy. Here, we review recent studies capturing the intimate participation of mitochondrial impairment in stroke pathology, and showcase promising methods of healthy mitochondria transfer into ischemic cells to critically evaluate the potential of mitochondria-based stem cell therapy for stroke patients.
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32
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Protein carbamylation exacerbates vascular calcification. Kidney Int 2018; 94:72-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Masserrat A, Sharifpanah F, Akbari L, Tonekaboni SH, Karimzadeh P, Asharafi MR, Mazouei S, Sauer H, Houshmand M. Mitochondrial G8292A and C8794T mutations in patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:65-73. [PMID: 29930807 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a neurovisceral lipid storage disorder. At the cellular level, the disorder is characterized by accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and glycolipids in the lysosomal/late endosomal system. NP-C is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner and is caused by mutations in either the NPC1 (95% of families) or NPC2 gene. The estimated disease incidence is 1 in 120,000 live births, but this likely represents an underestimate, as the disease may be under-diagnosed due to its highly heterogeneous presentation. Variants of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) subunit 6 and ATPase subunit 8 (ATPase6/8) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been reported in different types of genetic diseases including NP-C. In the present study, the blood samples of 22 Iranian patients with NP-C and 150 healthy subjects as a control group were analyzed. The DNA of the blood samples was extracted by the salting out method and analyzed for ATPase6/8 mutations using polymerase chain reaction sequencing. Sequence variations in mitochondrial genome samples were determined via the Mitomap database. Analysis of sequencing data confirmed the existence of 11 different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in patients with NP-C1. One of the most prevalent polymorphisms was the A8860G variant, which was observed in both affected and non-affected groups and determined to have no significant association with NP-C incidence. Amongst the 11 polymorphisms, only one was identified in the ATPase8 gene, while 9 including A8860G were observed in the ATPase6 gene. Furthermore, two SNPs, G8292A and C8792A, located in the non-coding region of mtDNA and the ATPase6 gene, respectively, exhibited significantly higher prevalence rates in NP-C1 patients compared with the control group (P<0.01). The present study suggests that there may be an association between mitochondrial ATPase6/8 mutations and the incidence of NP-C disease. In addition, the mitochondrial SNPs identified maybe pathogenic mutations involved in the development and prevalence of NP-C. Furthermore, these results suggest a higher occurrence of mutations in ATPase6 than in ATPase8 in NP-C patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Masserrat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Damghan 3671639998, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sharifpanah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Leila Akbari
- Houshmand Genetic Diagnostics Laboratory, Taban Clinic, Tehran 1997844151, Iran.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Seyed Hasan Tonekaboni
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Karimzadeh
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Mahmood Reza Asharafi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Safoura Mazouei
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Massoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 14965/161, Iran
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34
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Erice O, Munoz-Garrido P, Vaquero J, Perugorria MJ, Fernandez-Barrena MG, Saez E, Santos-Laso A, Arbelaiz A, Jimenez-Agüero R, Fernandez-Irigoyen J, Santamaria E, Torrano V, Carracedo A, Ananthanarayanan M, Marzioni M, Prieto J, Beuers U, Oude Elferink RP, LaRusso NF, Bujanda L, Marin JJG, Banales JM. MicroRNA-506 promotes primary biliary cholangitis-like features in cholangiocytes and immune activation. Hepatology 2018; 67:1420-1440. [PMID: 28922472 PMCID: PMC5857422 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease associated with autoimmune phenomena targeting intrahepatic bile duct cells (cholangiocytes). Although its etiopathogenesis remains obscure, development of antimitochondrial autoantibodies against pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 is a common feature. MicroRNA (miR) dysregulation occurs in liver and immune cells of PBC patients, but its functional relevance is largely unknown. We previously reported that miR-506 is overexpressed in PBC cholangiocytes and directly targets both Cl- / HCO3- anion exchanger 2 and type III inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, leading to cholestasis. Here, the regulation of miR-506 gene expression and its role in cholangiocyte pathophysiology and immune activation was studied. Several proinflammatory cytokines overexpressed in PBC livers (such as interleukin-8 [IL8], IL12, IL17, IL18, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) stimulated miR-506 promoter activity in human cholangiocytes, as revealed by luciferase reporter assays. Experimental overexpression of miR-506 in cholangiocytes dysregulated the cell proteomic profile (by mass spectrometry), affecting proteins involved in different biological processes including mitochondrial metabolism. In cholangiocytes, miR-506 (1) induced dedifferentiation with down-regulation of biliary and epithelial markers together with up-regulation of mesenchymal, proinflammatory, and profibrotic markers; (2) impaired cell proliferation and adhesion; (3) increased oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress; (4) caused DNA damage; and (5) sensitized to caspase-3-dependent apoptosis induced by cytotoxic bile acids. These events were also associated with impaired energy metabolism in mitochondria (proton leak and less adenosine triphosphate production) and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 overexpression. Coculture of miR-506 overexpressing cholangiocytes with PBC immunocytes induced activation and proliferation of PBC immunocytes. CONCLUSION Different proinflammatory cytokines enhance the expression of miR-506 in biliary epithelial cells; miR-506 induces PBC-like features in cholangiocytes and promotes immune activation, representing a potential therapeutic target for PBC patients. (Hepatology 2018;67:1420-1440).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Erice
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Patricia Munoz-Garrido
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, and Fondation ARC, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria J Perugorria
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maite G Fernandez-Barrena
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Division of Hepatology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Saez
- Division of Hepatology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Santos-Laso
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ander Arbelaiz
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Raul Jimenez-Agüero
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Joaquin Fernandez-Irigoyen
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaria
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Verónica Torrano
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- CIBERONC
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- CIBERONC
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Marco Marzioni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jesus Prieto
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Division of Hepatology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Oude Elferink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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35
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Oláhová M, Yoon WH, Thompson K, Jangam S, Fernandez L, Davidson JM, Kyle JE, Grove ME, Fisk DG, Kohler JN, Holmes M, Dries AM, Huang Y, Zhao C, Contrepois K, Zappala Z, Frésard L, Waggott D, Zink EM, Kim YM, Heyman HM, Stratton KG, Webb-Robertson BJM, Snyder M, Merker JD, Montgomery SB, Fisher PG, Feichtinger RG, Mayr JA, Hall J, Barbosa IA, Simpson MA, Deshpande C, Waters KM, Koeller DM, Metz TO, Morris AA, Schelley S, Cowan T, Friederich MW, McFarland R, Van Hove JLK, Enns GM, Yamamoto S, Ashley EA, Wangler MF, Taylor RW, Bellen HJ, Bernstein JA, Wheeler MT. Biallelic Mutations in ATP5F1D, which Encodes a Subunit of ATP Synthase, Cause a Metabolic Disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:494-504. [PMID: 29478781 PMCID: PMC6117612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, δ subunit (ATP5F1D; formerly ATP5D) is a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase and plays an important role in coupling proton translocation and ATP production. Here, we describe two individuals, each with homozygous missense variants in ATP5F1D, who presented with episodic lethargy, metabolic acidosis, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, and hyperammonemia. Subject 1, homozygous for c.245C>T (p.Pro82Leu), presented with recurrent metabolic decompensation starting in the neonatal period, and subject 2, homozygous for c.317T>G (p.Val106Gly), presented with acute encephalopathy in childhood. Cultured skin fibroblasts from these individuals exhibited impaired assembly of F1FO ATP synthase and subsequent reduced complex V activity. Cells from subject 1 also exhibited a significant decrease in mitochondrial cristae. Knockdown of Drosophila ATPsynδ, the ATP5F1D homolog, in developing eyes and brains caused a near complete loss of the fly head, a phenotype that was fully rescued by wild-type human ATP5F1D. In contrast, expression of the ATP5F1D c.245C>T and c.317T>G variants rescued the head-size phenotype but recapitulated the eye and antennae defects seen in other genetic models of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation deficiency. Our data establish c.245C>T (p.Pro82Leu) and c.317T>G (p.Val106Gly) in ATP5F1D as pathogenic variants leading to a Mendelian mitochondrial disease featuring episodic metabolic decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Oláhová
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Wan Hee Yoon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kyle Thompson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sharayu Jangam
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liliana Fernandez
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jean M Davidson
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Megan E Grove
- Clinical Genomics Program, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dianna G Fisk
- Clinical Genomics Program, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennefer N Kohler
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Holmes
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Annika M Dries
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yong Huang
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chunli Zhao
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kévin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zachary Zappala
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laure Frésard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daryl Waggott
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erika M Zink
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Heino M Heyman
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Kelly G Stratton
- Computing & Analytics Division, National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Bobbie-Jo M Webb-Robertson
- Computing & Analytics Division, National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jason D Merker
- Clinical Genomics Program, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul G Fisher
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - René G Feichtinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julie Hall
- Department of Neuroradiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Ines A Barbosa
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Charu Deshpande
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Guys and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Katrina M Waters
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - David M Koeller
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Andrew A Morris
- Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Willink Metabolic Unit, Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Susan Schelley
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tina Cowan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marisa W Friederich
- Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Johan L K Van Hove
- Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gregory M Enns
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Clinical Genomics Program, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew T Wheeler
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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36
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Vrbacký M, Kovalčíková J, Chawengsaksophak K, Beck IM, Mráček T, Nůsková H, Sedmera D, Papoušek F, Kolář F, Sobol M, Hozák P, Sedlacek R, Houštěk J. Knockout of Tmem70 alters biogenesis of ATP synthase and leads to embryonal lethality in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 25:4674-4685. [PMID: 28173120 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM70, a 21-kDa protein localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane, has been shown to facilitate the biogenesis of mammalian F1Fo ATP synthase. Mutations of the TMEM70 gene represent the most frequent cause of isolated ATP synthase deficiency resulting in a severe mitochondrial disease presenting as neonatal encephalo-cardiomyopathy (OMIM 604273). To better understand the biological role of this factor, we generated Tmem70-deficient mice and found that the homozygous Tmem70-/- knockouts exhibited profound growth retardation and embryonic lethality at ∼9.5 days post coitum. Blue-Native electrophoresis demonstrated an isolated deficiency in fully assembled ATP synthase in the Tmem70-/- embryos (80% decrease) and a marked accumulation of F1 complexes indicative of impairment in ATP synthase biogenesis that was stalled at the early stage, following the formation of F1 oligomer. Consequently, a decrease in ADP-stimulated State 3 respiration, respiratory control ratio and ATP/ADP ratios, indicated compromised mitochondrial ATP production. Tmem70-/- embryos exhibited delayed development of the cardiovascular system and a disturbed heart mitochondrial ultrastructure, with concentric or irregular cristae structures. Tmem70+/- heterozygous mice were fully viable and displayed normal postnatal growth and development of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system. Nevertheless, they presented with mild deterioration of heart function. Our results demonstrated that Tmem70 knockout in the mouse results in embryonic lethality due to the lack of ATP synthase and impairment of mitochondrial energy provision. This is analogous to TMEM70 dysfunction in humans and verifies the crucial role of this factor in the biosynthesis and assembly of mammalian ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Vrbacký
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kovalčíková
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kallayanee Chawengsaksophak
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Inken M Beck
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Mráček
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Nůsková
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Department of Cardiovascular Morphogenesis, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic,Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Papoušek
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Kolář
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Margarita Sobol
- Laboratory of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hozák
- Laboratory of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Houštěk
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Niu Y, Moghimyfiroozabad S, Safaie S, Yang Y, Jonas EA, Alavian KN. Phylogenetic Profiling of Mitochondrial Proteins and Integration Analysis of Bacterial Transcription Units Suggest Evolution of F1Fo ATP Synthase from Multiple Modules. J Mol Evol 2017; 85:219-233. [PMID: 29177973 PMCID: PMC5709465 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-017-9819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ATP synthase is a complex universal enzyme responsible for ATP synthesis across all kingdoms of life. The F-type ATP synthase has been suggested to have evolved from two functionally independent, catalytic (F1) and membrane bound (Fo), ancestral modules. While the modular evolution of the synthase is supported by studies indicating independent assembly of the two subunits, the presence of intermediate assembly products suggests a more complex evolutionary process. We analyzed the phylogenetic profiles of the human mitochondrial proteins and bacterial transcription units to gain additional insight into the evolution of the F-type ATP synthase complex. In this study, we report the presence of intermediary modules based on the phylogenetic profiles of the human mitochondrial proteins. The two main intermediary modules comprise the α3β3 hexamer in the F1 and the c-subunit ring in the Fo. A comprehensive analysis of bacterial transcription units of F1Fo ATP synthase revealed that while a long and constant order of F1Fo ATP synthase genes exists in a majority of bacterial genomes, highly conserved combinations of separate transcription units are present among certain bacterial classes and phyla. Based on our findings, we propose a model that includes the involvement of multiple modules in the evolution of F1Fo ATP synthase. The central and peripheral stalk subunits provide a link for the integration of the F1/Fo modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Niu
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, E508, Burlington Danes Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Key Lab of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Sepehr Safaie
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, The Bahá'í Institute for Higher Education (BIHE), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Lab of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kambiz N Alavian
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, E508, Burlington Danes Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Department of Biology, The Bahá'í Institute for Higher Education (BIHE), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Permana Maksum I, Saputra SR, Indrayati N, Yusuf M, Subroto T. Bioinformatics Study of m.9053G>A Mutation at the ATP6 Gene in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cataract Diseases. Bioinform Biol Insights 2017; 11:1177932217728515. [PMID: 28932107 PMCID: PMC5598796 DOI: 10.1177/1177932217728515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial disease often associated with various illnesses in relation to the activity of cells metabolites and the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), including alteration in the mitochondrial DNA. The mutation of m.9053G>A at the ATP6 gene was found in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM type 2) and cataract. Therefore, this mutation is predicted to be clinical features of the 2 diseases. ATP6 gene encodes protein subunit of ATPase6, a part of ATP synthase, which is important in the electron transfer and proton translocation in intracellular respiration system. This study aims to investigate the mutation effect of m.9053G>A at the ATP6 gene (S167N) to the structure and function of ATPase6 using bioinformatics method. The structure of ATPase6 was constructed using homology modeling method. The crystal structure of bovine’s ATP synthase (Protein Data Bank ID 5FIL) was used as a template because of high sequence similarity (77%) and coverage (96%) of the input sequence. The effect of mutation was investigated at the proton translocation channel of ATPase6. It is predicted that the channel was disrupted due to changes in electrostatic potential from serine to asparagine. Furthermore, molecular docking suggests that water binding on the proton translocation channel in the S167N mutant was different from the wild type. The result of this study is hoped to be useful in the development of a new genetic marker for DM type 2 and cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Permana Maksum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Sandy Risfi Saputra
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nenden Indrayati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Research Centre of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Toto Subroto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Research Centre of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Mitochondrial transition ROS spike (mTRS) results from coordinated activities of complex I and nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:955-965. [PMID: 28866380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria exhibit suppressed ATP production, membrane potential (∆Ψmt) polarization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts during some cellular metabolic transitions. Although mitochondrial ROS release is influenced by ∆Ψmt and respiratory state, the relationship between these properties remains controversial primarily because they have not been measured simultaneously. We developed a multiparametric method for probing mitochondrial function that allowed precise characterization of the temporal relationship between ROS, ∆Ψmt and respiration. We uncovered a previously unknown spontaneous ROS spike - termed mitochondrial transition ROS spike (mTRS) - associated with re-polarization of ∆Ψmt that occurs at the transition between mitochondrial energy states. Pharmacological inhibition of complex CI (CI), nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) and antioxidant system significantly decreased the ability of mitochondria to exhibit mTRS. NADH levels followed a similar trend to that of ROS during the mTRS, providing a link between CI and NNT in mTRS regulation. We show that (i) mTRS is enhanced by simultaneous activation of CI and complex II (CII); (ii) CI is the principal origin of mTRS; (iii) NNT regulates mTRS via NADH- and ∆Ψmt-dependent mechanisms; (iv) mTRS is not a pH spike; and (v), mTRS changes in amplitude under stress conditions and its occurrence can be a signature of mitochondrial health. Collectively, we uncovered and characterized the biophysical properties and mechanisms of mTRS, and propose it as a potential diagnostic tool for CI-related dysfunctions, and as a biomarker of mitochondrial functional integrity.
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40
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Wang J, Shi Y, Elzo MA, Dang S, Jia X, Lai S. Genetic diversity of ATP8 and ATP6 genes is associated with high-altitude adaptation in yak. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:385-393. [PMID: 28306370 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2017.1285292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
ATP synthase 8 (ATP8) and ATPase synthase 6 (ATP6) play an important role in mitochondrial ATPase assembly. Mutations in either of these units could affect the ATP processing and the respiration chain in mitochondria. To find out if there were differences in gene diversity between Tibetan yaks and domestic cattle, we sequenced the ATP8 and ATP6 genes in 66 Tibetan yaks and 81 domestic cattle. We identified 20 SNPs in the ATP8 gene and 60 SNPs in the ATP6 gene. Ten SNPs detected in ATP8 were probably positively associated with high-altitude adaptation, of which SNPs m.8164 G > A, m.8210 G > A, m.8231 C > T and m. 8249 C > T resulted in amino acid changes. Similarly, SNPs m.8308A > G, m.8370A > C, m.8514G > A of ATP6 also appeared to be associated with high-altitude adaptability. Specifically, m.8308 A > G, located in the overlap region, might bring in a conserved region found in cytochrome b561 which play an important role in iron regulation, thus it might help the Tibetan yaks with this mutation to utilize rare oxygen efficiently. Considering all mutations, three of eight haplotypes identified in gene ATP8 were present only in Tibetan yaks, and six (H3 to H8) out of 21 haplotypes (H1 to H21) in gene ATP6 were restricted to Tibetan yaks. Haplotypes present only in Tibetan yaks could be positively associated with high-altitude adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Yu Shi
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Mauricio A Elzo
- b Department of Animal Sciences , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Shuzhang Dang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Xianbo Jia
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Songjia Lai
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
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41
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Panosyan FB, Tawil R, Herrmann DN. Episodic weakness and Charcot-marie-tooth disease due to a mitochondrial MT-ATP6 mutation. Muscle Nerve 2017; 55:922-927. [PMID: 27783406 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Episodic muscle weakness is the hallmark of a heterogeneous group of disorders known as periodic paralysis. A majority are due to single nucleotide mutations causing membrane depolarization. METHODS We report 2 family members with chronic, slowly progressive, distal axonal neuropathy, or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2) and episodic weakness resembling periodic paralysis. RESULTS Next generation sequencing (NGS) identified a mitochondrial MT-ATP6 mutation m.9185T>C (p.Leu220Pro) in both patients, consistent with a previous report of an association with this phenotype. The episodic weakness has been responsive to acetazolamide therapy for a few decades. By contrast, the underlying axonal neuropathy is quite progressive despite treatment with acetazolamide. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial DNA mutations should be considered in patients with a history of episodic weakness and axonal inherited neuropathy (CMT2). The episodic weakness is responsive to acetazolamide therapy, and electrophysiological testing for periodic paralysis with a long exercise protocol is negative in these cases. Muscle Nerve 55: 922-927, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis B Panosyan
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 673, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Rabi Tawil
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 673, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - David N Herrmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 673, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
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Wen S, Niedzwiecka K, Zhao W, Xu S, Liang S, Zhu X, Xie H, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, Giraud MF, Zeng C, Dautant A, Kucharczyk R, Liu Z, di Rago JP, Chen H. Identification of G8969>A in mitochondrial ATP6 gene that severely compromises ATP synthase function in a patient with IgA nephropathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36313. [PMID: 27812026 PMCID: PMC5095641 DOI: 10.1038/srep36313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we elucidated the pathogenesis of a 14-year-old Chinese female who initially developed an isolated nephropathy followed by a complex clinical presentation with brain and muscle problems, which indicated that the disease process was possibly due to a mitochondrial dysfunction. Careful evaluation of renal biopsy samples revealed a decreased staining of cells induced by COX and NADH dehydrogenase activities, and a strong fragmentation of the mitochondrial network. These anomalies were due to the presence of a mutation in the mitochondrial ATP6 gene, G8969>A. This mutation leads to replacement of a highly conserved serine residue at position 148 of the a-subunit of ATP synthase. Increasing the mutation load in cybrid cell lines was paralleled by the appearance of abnormal mitochondrial morphologies, diminished respiration and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. An equivalent of the G8969>A mutation in yeast had dramatic consequences on ATP synthase, with a block in proton translocation. The mutation was particularly abundant (89%) in the kidney compared to blood and urine, which is likely the reason why this organ was affected first. Based on these findings, we suggest that nephrologists should pay more attention to the possibility of a mitochondrial dysfunction when evaluating patients suffering from kidney problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Wen
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Katarzyna Niedzwiecka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shutian Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoshan Liang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglang Xie
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-France Giraud
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Caihong Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Alain Dautant
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Róża Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Huimei Chen
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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43
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Boominathan A, Vanhoozer S, Basisty N, Powers K, Crampton AL, Wang X, Friedricks N, Schilling B, Brand MD, O'Connor MS. Stable nuclear expression of ATP8 and ATP6 genes rescues a mtDNA Complex V null mutant. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:9342-9357. [PMID: 27596602 PMCID: PMC5100594 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the possibility of re-engineering mitochondrial genes and expressing them from the nucleus as an approach to rescue defects arising from mitochondrial DNA mutations. We have used a patient cybrid cell line with a single point mutation in the overlap region of the ATP8 and ATP6 genes of the human mitochondrial genome. These cells are null for the ATP8 protein, have significantly lowered ATP6 protein levels and no Complex V function. Nuclear expression of only the ATP8 gene with the ATP5G1 mitochondrial targeting sequence appended restored viability on Krebs cycle substrates and ATP synthesis capabilities but, failed to restore ATP hydrolysis and was insensitive to various inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation. Co-expressing both ATP8 and ATP6 genes under similar conditions resulted in stable protein expression leading to successful integration into Complex V of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery. Tests for ATP hydrolysis / synthesis, oxygen consumption, glycolytic metabolism and viability all indicate a significant functional rescue of the mutant phenotype (including re-assembly of Complex V) following stable co-expression of ATP8 and ATP6 Thus, we report the stable allotopic expression, import and function of two mitochondria encoded genes, ATP8 and ATP6, resulting in simultaneous rescue of the loss of both mitochondrial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shon Vanhoozer
- SENS Research Foundation Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA
| | - Nathan Basisty
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kathleen Powers
- SENS Research Foundation Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA
| | | | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Natalie Friedricks
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Martin D Brand
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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44
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Zhao P, Wang M, Zhao L. Dissecting stylar responses to self-pollination in wild tomato self-compatible and self-incompatible species using comparative proteomics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 106:177-186. [PMID: 27163628 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI), a phenomenon that is widespread among flowering plants (angiosperms), promotes outbreeding, resulting in increased genetic diversity and species survival. SI is also important in establishing intra- or interspecies reproductive barriers, such as those that are evident in the tomato clade, Solanum section Lycopersicon, where they limit the use of wild species inbreeding programs to improve cultivated tomato. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying SI are poorly understood in the tomato clade. In this study, an SI (Solanum chilense, LA0130) and a self-compatible (SC, Solanum pimpinellifolium, LA1585) tomato species were chosen to dissect the mechanism of SI formation using a comparative proteomics approach. A total of 635 and 627 protein spots were detected in two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) maps of proteins from the SI and SC species, respectively. In the SC species, 22 differently expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected in SCP versus SCUP (self-pollination versus non-pollination in SC species). Of these, 3 and 18 showed an up-or down-regulated expression in the SCP protein sample, respectively, while only one DEP (MSRA, Solyc03g111720) was exclusively expressed in the SCP sample. In the SI species, 14 DEPs were found between SIP/SIUP, and 5 of these showed higher expression in SIP, whereas two DEPs (MLP-like protein 423-like, gene ID, 460386008 and (ATP synthase subunit alpha, gene ID, Solyc00g042130) were exclusively expressed in SIP or SIUP, respectively. Finally, two S-RNases (gene IDs, 313247946 and 157377662) were exclusively expressed in the SI species. Sequence homology analysis and a gene ontology tool were used to assign the DEPs to the 'metabolism', 'energy', 'cytoskeleton dynamics', 'protein degradation', 'signal transduction', 'defence/stress responses', 'self-incompatibility' and 'unknown' protein categories. We discuss the putative functions of the DEPs in different biological processes and how these might be associated with the regulation of SI formation in the tomato clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Zhao
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Environment Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lingxia Zhao
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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45
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Chuquilin M, Govindarajan R, Peck D, Font Montgomery E. Response to letter to the editor: Why does Leigh syndrome responds to immunotherapy? Mol Genet Metab Rep 2016; 8:85-6. [PMID: 27547733 PMCID: PMC4982918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Chuquilin
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, HSC Box 100236, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Raghav Govindarajan
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri in Columbia, Five Hospital Drive CE 514, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Dawn Peck
- Department of Genetics, University of Missouri in Columbia, 404 N Keene St, Suite 101, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Esperanza Font Montgomery
- Department of Genetics, University of Missouri in Columbia, 404 N Keene St, Suite 101, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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46
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García-Bermúdez J, Cuezva JM. The ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1): A master regulator of energy metabolism and of cell survival. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1857:1167-1182. [PMID: 26876430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution we summarize most of the findings reported for the molecular and cellular biology of the physiological inhibitor of the mitochondrial H(+)-ATP synthase, the engine of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and gate of cell death. We first describe the structure and major mechanisms and molecules that regulate the activity of the ATP synthase placing the ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1) as a major determinant in the regulation of the activity of the ATP synthase and hence of OXPHOS. Next, we summarize the post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate the expression of IF1 and emphasize, in addition to the regulation afforded by the protonation state of histidine residues, that the activity of IF1 as an inhibitor of the ATP synthase is also regulated by phosphorylation of a serine residue. Phosphorylation of S39 in IF1 by the action of a mitochondrial cAMP-dependent protein kinase A hampers its interaction with the ATP synthase, i.e., only dephosphorylated IF1 interacts with the enzyme. Upon IF1 interaction with the ATP synthase both the synthetic and hydrolytic activities of the engine of OXPHOS are inhibited. These findings are further placed into the physiological context to stress the emerging roles played by IF1 in metabolic reprogramming in cancer, in hypoxia and in cellular differentiation. We review also the implication of IF1 in other cellular situations that involve the malfunctioning of mitochondria. Special emphasis is given to the role of IF1 as driver of the generation of a reactive oxygen species signal that, emanating from mitochondria, is able to reprogram the nucleus of the cell to confer by various signaling pathways a cell-death resistant phenotype against oxidative stress. Overall, our intention is to highlight the urgent need of further investigations in the molecular and cellular biology of IF1 and of its target, the ATP synthase, to unveil new therapeutic strategies in human pathology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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47
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Chuquilin M, Govindarajan R, Peck D, Font-Montgomery E. Response to immunotherapy in a patient with adult onset Leigh syndrome and T9176C mtDNA mutation. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2016; 8:28-32. [PMID: 27408822 PMCID: PMC4932611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a mitochondrial disease caused by mutations in different genes, including ATP6A for which no known therapy is available. We report a case of adult-onset Leigh syndrome with response to immunotherapy. A twenty year-old woman with baseline learning difficulties was admitted with progressive behavioral changes, diplopia, headaches, bladder incontinence, and incoordination. Brain MRI and PET scan showed T2 hyperintensity and increased uptake in bilateral basal ganglia, respectively. Autoimmune encephalitis was suspected and she received plasmapheresis with clinical improvement. She was readmitted 4 weeks later with dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia. Plasmapheresis was repeated with resolution of her symptoms. Given the multisystem involvement and suggestive MRI changes, genetic testing was done, revealing a homoplasmic T9176C ATPase 6 gene mtDNA mutation. Monthly IVIG provided clinical improvement with worsening when infusions were delayed. Leigh syndrome secondary to mtDNA T9176C mutations could have an autoimmune mechanism that responds to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Chuquilin
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri in Columbia, Five Hospital Drive CE 537 DC 047.00, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Raghav Govindarajan
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri in Columbia, Five Hospital Drive CE 537, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Dawn Peck
- Department of Genetics, University of Missouri in Columbia, 404 N Keene St, Suite 101, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Esperanza Font-Montgomery
- Department of Genetics, University of Missouri in Columbia, 404 N Keene St, Suite 101, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Hahn A, Parey K, Bublitz M, Mills DJ, Zickermann V, Vonck J, Kühlbrandt W, Meier T. Structure of a Complete ATP Synthase Dimer Reveals the Molecular Basis of Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Morphology. Mol Cell 2016; 63:445-56. [PMID: 27373333 PMCID: PMC4980432 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We determined the structure of a complete, dimeric F1Fo-ATP synthase from yeast Yarrowia lipolytica mitochondria by a combination of cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography. The final structure resolves 58 of the 60 dimer subunits. Horizontal helices of subunit a in Fo wrap around the c-ring rotor, and a total of six vertical helices assigned to subunits a, b, f, i, and 8 span the membrane. Subunit 8 (A6L in human) is an evolutionary derivative of the bacterial b subunit. On the lumenal membrane surface, subunit f establishes direct contact between the two monomers. Comparison with a cryo-EM map of the F1Fo monomer identifies subunits e and g at the lateral dimer interface. They do not form dimer contacts but enable dimer formation by inducing a strong membrane curvature of ∼100°. Our structure explains the structural basis of cristae formation in mitochondria, a landmark signature of eukaryotic cell morphology. Cryo-EM structure of a yeast F1Fo-ATP synthase dimer Inhibitor-free X-ray structure of the F1 head and rotor complex Mechanism of ATP generation by rotary catalysis Structural basis of cristae formation in the inner mitochondrial membrane
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hahn
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kristian Parey
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maike Bublitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Deryck J Mills
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Zickermann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical School, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Janet Vonck
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Werner Kühlbrandt
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Thomas Meier
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Niedzwiecka K, Kabala AM, Lasserre JP, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, Golik P, Dautant A, di Rago JP, Kucharczyk R. Yeast models of mutations in the mitochondrial ATP6 gene found in human cancer cells. Mitochondrion 2016; 29:7-17. [PMID: 27083309 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of somatic mtDNA mutations in tumor cells, multiple studies have focused on establishing a causal relationship between those changes and alterations in energy metabolism, a hallmark of cancer cells. Yet the consequences of these mutations on mitochondrial function remain largely unknown. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model to investigate the functional consequences of four cancer-associated missense mutations (8914C>A, 8932C>T, 8953A>G, 9131T>C) found in the mitochondrial MT-ATP6 gene. This gene encodes the a-subunit of F1FO-ATP synthase, which catalyzes the last steps of ATP production in mitochondria. Although the four studied mutations affected well-conserved residues of the a-subunit, only one of them (8932C>T) had a significant impact on mitochondrial function, due to a less efficient incorporation of the a-subunit into ATP synthase. Our findings indicate that these ATP6 genetic variants found in human tumors are neutral mitochondrial genome substitutions with a limited, if any, impact on the energetic function of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Niedzwiecka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Magdalena Kabala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR5095, Université de Bordeaux, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Paul Lasserre
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR5095, Université de Bordeaux, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR5095, Université de Bordeaux, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Pawel Golik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alain Dautant
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR5095, Université de Bordeaux, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR5095, Université de Bordeaux, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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50
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Lasserre JP, Dautant A, Aiyar RS, Kucharczyk R, Glatigny A, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, Rytka J, Blondel M, Skoczen N, Reynier P, Pitayu L, Rötig A, Delahodde A, Steinmetz LM, Dujardin G, Procaccio V, di Rago JP. Yeast as a system for modeling mitochondrial disease mechanisms and discovering therapies. Dis Model Mech 2016; 8:509-26. [PMID: 26035862 PMCID: PMC4457039 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are severe and largely untreatable. Owing to the many essential processes carried out by mitochondria and the complex cellular systems that support these processes, these diseases are diverse, pleiotropic, and challenging to study. Much of our current understanding of mitochondrial function and dysfunction comes from studies in the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Because of its good fermenting capacity, S. cerevisiae can survive mutations that inactivate oxidative phosphorylation, has the ability to tolerate the complete loss of mitochondrial DNA (a property referred to as ‘petite-positivity’), and is amenable to mitochondrial and nuclear genome manipulation. These attributes make it an excellent model system for studying and resolving the molecular basis of numerous mitochondrial diseases. Here, we review the invaluable insights this model organism has yielded about diseases caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, which ranges from primary defects in oxidative phosphorylation to metabolic disorders, as well as dysfunctions in maintaining the genome or in the dynamics of mitochondria. Owing to the high level of functional conservation between yeast and human mitochondrial genes, several yeast species have been instrumental in revealing the molecular mechanisms of pathogenic human mitochondrial gene mutations. Importantly, such insights have pointed to potential therapeutic targets, as have genetic and chemical screens using yeast. Summary: In this Review, we discuss the use of budding yeast to understand mitochondrial diseases and help in the search for their treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Lasserre
- University Bordeaux-CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Alain Dautant
- University Bordeaux-CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Raeka S Aiyar
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Annie Glatigny
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 avenue de la terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest F-29200, France
| | - Joanna Rytka
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Marc Blondel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest F-29200, France
| | - Natalia Skoczen
- University Bordeaux-CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux F-33000, France Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Pascal Reynier
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Angers 49933, Cedex 9, France Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers 49933, Cedex 9, France
| | - Laras Pitayu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, rue Gregor Mendel, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Agnès Rötig
- Inserm U1163, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 149 rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Agnès Delahodde
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, rue Gregor Mendel, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Lars M Steinmetz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany Stanford Genome Technology Center, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5301, USA
| | - Geneviève Dujardin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 avenue de la terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Angers 49933, Cedex 9, France Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers 49933, Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- University Bordeaux-CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux F-33000, France
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