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Cherepanov DA, Kurashov V, Gostev FE, Shelaev IV, Zabelin AA, Shen G, Mamedov MD, Aybush A, Shkuropatov AY, Nadtochenko VA, Bryant DA, Golbeck JH, Semenov AY. Femtosecond optical studies of the primary charge separation reactions in far-red photosystem II from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149044. [PMID: 38588942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Primary processes of light energy conversion by Photosystem II (PSII) were studied using femtosecond broadband pump-probe absorption difference spectroscopy. Transient absorption changes of core complexes isolated from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335 grown under far-red light (FRL-PSII) were compared with the canonical Chl a containing spinach PSII core complexes upon excitation into the red edge of the Qy band. Absorption changes of FRL-PSII were monitored at 278 K in the 400-800 nm spectral range on a timescale of 0.1-500 ps upon selective excitation at 740 nm of four chlorophyll (Chl) f molecules in the light harvesting antenna, or of one Chl d molecule at the ChlD1 position in the reaction center (RC) upon pumping at 710 nm. Numerical analysis of absorption changes and assessment of the energy levels of the presumed ion-radical states made it possible to identify PD1+ChlD1- as the predominant primary charge-separated radical pair, the formation of which upon selective excitation of Chl d has an apparent time of ∼1.6 ps. Electron transfer to the secondary acceptor pheophytin PheoD1 has an apparent time of ∼7 ps with a variety of excitation wavelengths. The energy redistribution between Chl a and Chl f in the antenna occurs within 1 ps, whereas the energy migration from Chl f to the RC occurs mostly with lifetimes of 60 and 400 ps. Potentiometric analysis suggests that in canonical PSII, PD1+ChlD1- can be partially formed from the excited (PD1ChlD1)* state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Cherepanov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina st., 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, building 40, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vasily Kurashov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Fedor E Gostev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina st., 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V Shelaev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina st., 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Zabelin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Mahir D Mamedov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, building 40, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arseny Aybush
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina st., 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly Ya Shkuropatov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Victor A Nadtochenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina st., 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Alexey Yu Semenov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina st., 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, building 40, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Elias E, Oliver TJ, Croce R. Oxygenic Photosynthesis in Far-Red Light: Strategies and Mechanisms. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:231-256. [PMID: 38382567 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090722-125847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis, the process that converts light energy into chemical energy, is traditionally associated with the absorption of visible light by chlorophyll molecules. However, recent studies have revealed a growing number of organisms capable of using far-red light (700-800 nm) to drive oxygenic photosynthesis. This phenomenon challenges the conventional understanding of the limits of this process. In this review, we briefly introduce the organisms that exhibit far-red photosynthesis and explore the different strategies they employ to harvest far-red light. We discuss the modifications of photosynthetic complexes and their impact on the delivery of excitation energy to photochemical centers and on overall photochemical efficiency. Finally, we examine the solutions employed to drive electron transport and water oxidation using relatively low-energy photons. The findings discussed here not only expand our knowledge of the remarkable adaptation capacities of photosynthetic organisms but also offer insights into the potential for enhancing light capture in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Elias
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Thomas J Oliver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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Discovery of Chlorophyll d: Isolation and Characterization of a Far-Red Cyanobacterium from the Original Site of Manning and Strain (1943) at Moss Beach, California. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040819. [PMID: 35456869 PMCID: PMC9029297 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have isolated a chlorophyll-d-containing cyanobacterium from the intertidal field site at Moss Beach, on the coast of Central California, USA, where Manning and Strain (1943) originally discovered this far-red chlorophyll. Here, we present the cyanobacterium’s environmental description, culturing procedure, pigment composition, ultrastructure, and full genome sequence. Among cultures of far-red cyanobacteria obtained from red algae from the same site, this strain was an epiphyte on a brown macroalgae. Its Qyin vivo absorbance peak is centered at 704–705 nm, the shortest wavelength observed thus far among the various known Acaryochloris strains. Its Chl a/Chl d ratio was 0.01, with Chl d accounting for 99% of the total Chl d and Chl a mass. TEM imagery indicates the absence of phycobilisomes, corroborated by both pigment spectra and genome analysis. The Moss Beach strain codes for only a single set of genes for producing allophycocyanin. Genomic sequencing yielded a 7.25 Mbp circular chromosome and 10 circular plasmids ranging from 16 kbp to 394 kbp. We have determined that this strain shares high similarity with strain S15, an epiphyte of red algae, while its distinct gene complement and ecological niche suggest that this strain could be the closest known relative to the original Chl d source of Manning and Strain (1943). The Moss Beach strain is designated Acaryochloris sp. (marina) strain Moss Beach.
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Takashima Y, Saga Y. Isomerization kinetics of bacteriochlorophyll b and bacteriopheophytin b under acidic conditions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1193-1199. [PMID: 35349123 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) b has a unique π-conjugation system, in which the bacteriochlorin macrocycle is conjugated with the C8-ethylidene group. This π-system is converted easily to the chlorin macrocycle. However, the effects of the central magnesium in BChl b on this conversion are unclear. In this study, the isomerization kinetics of BChl b and its demetalated pigment, bacteriopheophytin (BPhe) b, was analyzed under weakly acidic conditions. BChl b exhibited faster acid-induced isomerization than BPhe b. These results were attributed to the stabilization of a cationic intermediate, whose C8-ethylidene group is protonated, during the isomerization of BChl b compared to BPhe b because of a difference in the electron densities of the π-conjugation systems between BChl b and BPhe b. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses indicated that BChl b was primarily isomerized to 3-acetyl Chl a, followed by demetalation. The reaction order was due to the slower demetalation kinetics of metallobacteriochlorins than metallochlorins. These results will be helpful for handling unstable BChl b and BPhe b. The reaction properties of BChl b and BPhe b demonstrated here will be helpful for understanding the in vivo formation of BPhe b, which acts as the primary electron acceptor in photosynthetic reaction center complexes in BChl b-containing purple photosynthetic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takashima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
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5
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Banu S, Yadav PP. Chlorophyll: the ubiquitous photocatalyst of nature and its potential as an organo-photocatalyst in organic syntheses. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8584-8598. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01473d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of chlorophyll, the principal photoacceptor of green plants, as an organo-photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Banu
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Prem P. Yadav
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Gorka M, Baldansuren A, Malnati A, Gruszecki E, Golbeck JH, Lakshmi KV. Shedding Light on Primary Donors in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:735666. [PMID: 34659164 PMCID: PMC8517396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.735666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls (Chl)s exist in a variety of flavors and are ubiquitous in both the energy and electron transfer processes of photosynthesis. The functions they perform often occur on the ultrafast (fs-ns) time scale and until recently, these have been difficult to measure in real time. Further, the complexity of the binding pockets and the resulting protein-matrix effects that alter the respective electronic properties have rendered theoretical modeling of these states difficult. Recent advances in experimental methodology, computational modeling, and emergence of new reaction center (RC) structures have renewed interest in these processes and allowed researchers to elucidate previously ambiguous functions of Chls and related pheophytins. This is complemented by a wealth of experimental data obtained from decades of prior research. Studying the electronic properties of Chl molecules has advanced our understanding of both the nature of the primary charge separation and subsequent electron transfer processes of RCs. In this review, we examine the structures of primary electron donors in Type I and Type II RCs in relation to the vast body of spectroscopic research that has been performed on them to date. Further, we present density functional theory calculations on each oxidized primary donor to study both their electronic properties and our ability to model experimental spectroscopic data. This allows us to directly compare the electronic properties of hetero- and homodimeric RCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gorka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Amgalanbaatar Baldansuren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Amanda Malnati
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Elijah Gruszecki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - John H. Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - K. V. Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
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7
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Diers JR, Kirmaier C, Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF, Holten D. A perspective on the redox properties of tetrapyrrole macrocycles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19130-19140. [PMID: 34490865 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01943k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tetrapyrrole macrocycles serve a multitude of roles in biological systems, including oxygen transport by heme and light harvesting and charge separation by chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls. Synthetic tetrapyrroles are utilized in diverse applications ranging from solar-energy conversion to photomedicine. Nevertheless, students beginning tetrapyrrole research, as well as established practitioners, are often puzzled when comparing properties of related tetrapyrroles. Questions arise as to why optical spectra of two tetrapyrroles often shift in wavelength/energy in a direction opposite to that predicted by common chemical intuition based on the size of a π-electron system. Gouterman's four-orbital model provides a framework for understanding these optical properties. Similarly, it can be puzzling as to why the oxidation potentials differ significantly when comparing two related tetrapyrroles, yet the reduction potentials change very little or shift in the opposite direction. In order to understand these redox properties, it must be recognized that structural/electronic alterations affect the four frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO, LUMO, HOMO-1 and LUMO+1) unequally and in many cases the LUMO+1, and not the LUMO, may track the HOMO in energy. This perspective presents a fundamental framework concerning tetrapyrrole electronic properties that should provide a foundation for rational molecular design in tetrapyrrole science.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Diers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403, USA
| | - Christine Kirmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4889, USA.
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - David F Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403, USA
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4889, USA.
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8
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Baptista MS, Cadet J, Greer A, Thomas AH. Photosensitization Reactions of Biomolecules: Definition, Targets and Mechanisms. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1456-1483. [PMID: 34133762 DOI: 10.1111/php.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitization reactions have been demonstrated to be largely responsible for the deleterious biological effects of UV and visible radiation, as well as for the curative actions of photomedicine. A large number of endogenous and exogenous photosensitizers, biological targets and mechanisms have been reported in the past few decades. Evolving from the original definitions of the type I and type II photosensitized oxidations, we now provide physicochemical frameworks, classifications and key examples of these mechanisms in order to organize, interpret and understand the vast information available in the literature and the new reports, which are in vigorous growth. This review surveys in an extended manner all identified photosensitization mechanisms of the major biomolecule groups such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids bridging the gap with the subsequent biological processes. Also described are the effects of photosensitization in cells in which UVA and UVB irradiation triggers enzyme activation with the subsequent delayed generation of superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide. Definitions of photosensitized reactions are identified in biomolecules with key insights into cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrés H Thomas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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9
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Kondo M, Matsuda H, Noji T, Nango M, Dewa T. Photocatalytic activity of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) monomer. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Chlorophyll-catalyzed tandem oxidation /[3+2] cycloaddition reactions toward the construction of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines under visible light. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Yalçın S, Uzun M, Karakaş Ö, Sözgen Başkan K, Okudan EŞ, Apak MR. Determination of Total Antioxidant Capacities of Algal Pigments in Seaweed by the Combination of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with A Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) Assay. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1855439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Yalçın
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Uzun
- Institute of Graduate Students, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Karakaş
- Institute of Graduate Students, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kevser Sözgen Başkan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Şükran Okudan
- Faculty of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Reşat Apak
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Wang Y, Chen L, Compton RG. Selective voltammetric detection of chlorophylls using a semi-circular potential wave. Food Chem 2020; 323:126844. [PMID: 32335461 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple electrochemical method employing a novel semi-circular potential sweep voltammetry on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode was developed to distinguish and quantify two main chlorophyll components (chlorophyll a and b) present in their mixtures. The semi-circular potential sweep generates large, transient scan rates, enabling the selective detection of species with closely similar oxidative potentials. The proposed method shows good applicability in mixtures of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll b (Chl b) with concentrations ranging from 46.2 to 110.8 μM and 46.2 to 92.4 μM respectively, which were prepared to mimic varying compositions of chlorophyll a and b in nature for the application in food quality control. The method was successfully applied to real sample of spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Lifu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Richard G Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
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13
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Saga Y, Nakagawa S. Structural effects on epimerization of bacteriochlorophyll a and chlorophyll a revealed using 3-acetyl chlorophyll a. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) and bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) pigments, which are crucial cyclic tetrapyrroles in photosynthesis, generally have a chiral center in their exo-cyclic five-membered E-ring. Although [Formula: see text]-epimers (primed-type) of (B)Chl pigments are rarely present in photosynthetic organisms, they play key roles in photosynthetic reaction center complexes. The epimerization mechanism of (B)Chl pigments in vivo has not been unraveled. The structural effects on the physicochemical properties of (B)Chl epimerization reactions provide useful information to tackle this question. We analyzed epimerization of three pigments, BChl [Formula: see text], Chl [Formula: see text], and 3-acetyl Chl [Formula: see text], to elucidate the structural factors that are responsible for epimerization reactions. We compared the epimerization kinetics of the three pigments and concluded that the bacteriochlorin skeleton (7,8,17,18-tetrahydroporphyrin) significantly retarded the epimerization kinetics. Thus, BChl [Formula: see text] exhibited slower epimerization kinetics than Chl [Formula: see text] in spite of the presence of the electron-withdrawing 3-acetyl group that accelerates epimerization. In contrast to the large structural effects of (B)Chl molecules on epimerization kinetics, the thermodynamic properties at equilibrium in the epimerization of the three pigments were barely influenced by their molecular structures. This study also demonstrates that a semi-synthetic pigment, 3-acetyl Chl [Formula: see text], is appropriate for comparative analyses of the structural effects of BChl [Formula: see text] and Chl [Formula: see text] on their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shiori Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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14
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Taguchi S, Suga K, Hayashi K, Yoshimoto M, Okamoto Y, Nakamura H, Umakoshi H. Aggregation of chlorophyll a induced in self-assembled membranes composed of DMPC and DHPC. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 175:403-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Chen HC, Reek JNH, Williams RM, Brouwer AM. Halogenated earth abundant metalloporphyrins as photostable sensitizers for visible-light-driven water oxidation in a neutral phosphate buffer solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 18:15191-8. [PMID: 27197873 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Very photostable tetrachloro-metalloporphyrins were developed as sensitizers for visible-light-driven water oxidation coupled to cobalt based water-oxidation catalysts in concentrated (0.1 M) phosphate buffer solution. Potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) acts as a sacrificial electron acceptor to oxidize the metalloporphyrin photosensitizers in their excited states. The radical cations thus produced drive the cobalt based water-oxidation catalysts: Co4O4-cubane and Co(NO3)2 as pre-catalyst for cobalt-oxide (CoOx) nanoparticles. Two different metalloporphyrins (Cu(ii) and Ni(ii)) both showed very high photostability in the photocatalytic reaction, as compared to non-halogenated analogues. This indicates that photostability primarily depends on the substitution of the porphyrin macrocycle, not on the central metal. Furthermore, our molecular design strategy not only positively increases the electrochemical potential by 120-140 mV but also extends the absorption spectrum up to ∼600 nm. As a result, the solar photon capturing abilities of halogenated metalloporphyrins (Cu(ii) and Ni(ii)) are comparable to that of the natural photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll a. We successfully demonstrate long-term (>3 h) visible-light-driven water oxidation using our molecular system based on earth-abundant (first-row transition) metals in concentrated phosphate buffer solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Cheng Chen
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Joost N H Reek
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - René M Williams
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert M Brouwer
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Pathak V, Prasad A, Pospíšil P. Formation of singlet oxygen by decomposition of protein hydroperoxide in photosystem II. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181732. [PMID: 28732060 PMCID: PMC5521840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is formed by triplet-triplet energy transfer from triplet chlorophyll to O2 via Type II photosensitization reaction in photosystem II (PSII). Formation of triplet chlorophyll is associated with the change in spin state of the excited electron and recombination of triplet radical pair in the PSII antenna complex and reaction center, respectively. Here, we have provided evidence for the formation of 1O2 by decomposition of protein hydroperoxide in PSII membranes deprived of Mn4O5Ca complex. Protein hydroperoxide is formed by protein oxidation initiated by highly oxidizing chlorophyll cation radical and hydroxyl radical formed by Type I photosensitization reaction. Under highly oxidizing conditions, protein hydroperoxide is oxidized to protein peroxyl radical which either cyclizes to dioxetane or recombines with another protein peroxyl radical to tetroxide. These highly unstable intermediates decompose to triplet carbonyls which transfer energy to O2 forming 1O2. Data presented in this study show for the first time that 1O2 is formed by decomposition of protein hydroperoxide in PSII membranes deprived of Mn4O5Ca complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Pathak
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Allakhverdiev SI, Kreslavski VD, Zharmukhamedov SK, Voloshin RA, Korol'kova DV, Tomo T, Shen JR. Chlorophylls d and f and Their Role in Primary Photosynthetic Processes of Cyanobacteria. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:201-12. [PMID: 27262189 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The finding of unique Chl d- and Chl f-containing cyanobacteria in the last decade was a discovery in the area of biology of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Chl b, Chl c, and Chl f are considered to be accessory pigments found in antennae systems of photosynthetic organisms. They absorb energy and transfer it to the photosynthetic reaction center (RC), but do not participate in electron transport by the photosynthetic electron transport chain. However, Chl d as well as Chl a can operate not only in the light-harvesting complex, but also in the photosynthetic RC. The long-wavelength (Qy) Chl d and Chl f absorption band is shifted to longer wavelength (to 750 nm) compared to Chl a, which suggests the possibility for oxygenic photosynthesis in this spectral range. Such expansion of the photosynthetically active light range is important for the survival of cyanobacteria when the intensity of light not exceeding 700 nm is attenuated due to absorption by Chl a and other pigments. At the same time, energy storage efficiency in photosystem 2 for cyanobacteria containing Chl d and Chl f is not lower than that of cyanobacteria containing Chl a. Despite great interest in these unique chlorophylls, many questions related to functioning of such pigments in primary photosynthetic processes are still not elucidated. This review describes the latest advances in the field of Chl d and Chl f research and their role in primary photosynthetic processes of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Allakhverdiev
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
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18
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Komatsu H, Wada K, Kanjoh T, Miyashita H, Sato M, Kawachi M, Kobayashi M. Unique chlorophylls in picoplankton Prochlorococcus sp. "Physicochemical properties of divinyl chlorophylls, and the discovery of monovinyl chlorophyll b as well as divinyl chlorophyll b in the species Prochlorococcus NIES-2086". PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:445-467. [PMID: 27334004 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we introduce our recent studies on divinyl chlorophylls functioning in unique marine picoplankton Prochlorococcus sp. (1) Essential physicochemical properties of divinyl chlorophylls are compared with those of monovinyl chlorophylls; separation by normal-phase and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with isocratic eluent mode, absorption spectra in four organic solvents, fluorescence information (emission spectra, quantum yields, and life time), circular dichroism spectra, mass spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and redox potentials. The presence of a mass difference of 278 in the mass spectra between [M+H]+ and the ions indicates the presence of a phytyl tail in all the chlorophylls. (2) Precise high-performance liquid chromatography analyses show divinyl chlorophyll a' and divinyl pheophytin a as the minor key components in four kinds of Prochlorococcus sp.; neither monovinyl chlorophyll a' nor monovinyl pheophytin a is detected, suggesting that the special pair in photosystem I and the primary electron acceptor in photosystem II are not monovinyl but divinyl-type chlorophylls. (3) Only Prochlorococcus sp. NIES-2086 possesses both monovinyl chlorophyll b and divinyl chlorophyll b, while any other monovinyl-type chlorophylls are absent in this strain. Monovinyl chlorophyll b is not detected at all in the other three strains. Prochlorococcus sp. NIES-2086 is the first example that has both monovinyl chlorophyll b as well as divinyl chlorophylls a/b as major chlorophylls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Komatsu
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Wada
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Terumitsu Kanjoh
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyashita
- Graduate School of Human and Environment Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mayumi Sato
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawachi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masami Kobayashi
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.
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Singh D, Buhmann AK, Flowers TJ, Seal CE, Papenbrock J. Salicornia as a crop plant in temperate regions: selection of genetically characterized ecotypes and optimization of their cultivation conditions. AOB PLANTS 2014; 6:plu071. [PMID: 25387752 PMCID: PMC4268490 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plu071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rising sea levels and salinization of groundwater due to global climate change result in fast-dwindling sources of freshwater. Therefore, it is important to find alternatives to grow food crops and vegetables. Halophytes are naturally evolved salt-tolerant plants that are adapted to grow in environments that inhibit the growth of most glycophytic crop plants substantially. Members of the Salicornioideae are promising candidates for saline agriculture due to their high tolerance to salinity. Our aim was to develop genetically characterized lines of Salicornia and Sarcocornia for further breeding and to determine optimal cultivation conditions. To obtain a large and diverse genetic pool, seeds were collected from different countries and ecological conditions. The external transcribed spacer (ETS) sequence of 62 Salicornia and Sarcocornia accessions was analysed: ETS sequence data showed a clear distinction between the two genera and between different Salicornia taxa. However, in some cases the ETS was not sufficiently variable to resolve morphologically distinct species. For the determination of optimal cultivation conditions, experiments on germination, seedling establishment and growth to a harvestable size were performed using different accessions of Salicornia spp. Experiments revealed that the percentage germination was greatest at lower salinities and with temperatures of 20/10 °C (day/night). Salicornia spp. produced more harvestable biomass in hydroponic culture than in sand culture, but the nutrient concentration requires optimization as hydroponically grown plants showed symptoms of stress. Salicornia ramosissima produced more harvestable biomass than Salicornia dolichostachya in artificial sea water containing 257 mM NaCl. Based on preliminary tests on ease of cultivation, gain in biomass, morphology and taste, S. dolichostachya was investigated in more detail, and the optimal salinity for seedling establishment was found to be 100 mM. Harvesting of S. dolichostachya twice in a growing season was successful, but the interval between the harvests needs to be optimized to maximize biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Singh
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, D-30419 Hannover, Germany Department of Environmental Sciences-Botany, Basel University, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne K Buhmann
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim J Flowers
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Johnik Maynard Smith Building, Falmer, Brightons BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Charlotte E Seal
- Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK
| | - Jutta Papenbrock
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
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20
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van Amerongen H, Croce R. Light harvesting in photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:251-63. [PMID: 23595278 PMCID: PMC3824292 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Water oxidation in photosynthesis takes place in photosystem II (PSII). This photosystem is built around a reaction center (RC) where sunlight-induced charge separation occurs. This RC consists of various polypeptides that bind only a few chromophores or pigments, next to several other cofactors. It can handle far more photons than the ones absorbed by its own pigments and therefore, additional excitations are provided by the surrounding light-harvesting complexes or antennae. The RC is located in the PSII core that also contains the inner light-harvesting complexes CP43 and CP47, harboring 13 and 16 chlorophyll pigments, respectively. The core is surrounded by outer light-harvesting complexes (Lhcs), together forming the so-called supercomplexes, at least in plants. These PSII supercomplexes are complemented by some "extra" Lhcs, but their exact location in the thylakoid membrane is unknown. The whole system consists of many subunits and appears to be modular, i.e., both its composition and organization depend on environmental conditions, especially on the quality and intensity of the light. In this review, we will provide a short overview of the relation between the structure and organization of pigment-protein complexes in PSII, ranging from individual complexes to entire membranes and experimental and theoretical results on excitation energy transfer and charge separation. It will become clear that time-resolved fluorescence data can provide invaluable information about the organization and functioning of thylakoid membranes. At the end, an overview will be given of unanswered questions that should be addressed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands,
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21
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Loughlin P, Lin Y, Chen M. Chlorophyll d and Acaryochloris marina: current status. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:277-93. [PMID: 23615924 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the chlorophyll d-containing cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina in 1996 precipitated a shift in our understanding of oxygenic photosynthesis. The presence of the red-shifted chlorophyll d in the reaction centre of the photosystems of Acaryochloris has opened up new avenues of research on photosystem energetics and challenged the unique status of chlorophyll a in oxygenic photosynthesis. In this review, we detail the chemistry and role of chlorophyll d in photosynthesis and summarise the unique adaptations that have allowed the proliferation of Acaryochloris in diverse ecological niches around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Loughlin
- School of Biological Sciences (A08), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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22
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Olson TL, Williams JC, Allen JP. Influence of protein interactions on oxidation/reduction midpoint potentials of cofactors in natural and de novo metalloproteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:914-22. [PMID: 23466333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As discussed throughout this special issue, oxidation and reduction reactions play critical roles in the function of many organisms. In photosynthetic organisms, the conversion of light energy drives oxidation and reduction reactions through the transfer of electrons and protons in order to create energy-rich compounds. These reactions occur in proteins such as cytochrome c, a heme-containing water-soluble protein, the bacteriochlorophyll-containing reaction center, and photosystem II where water is oxidized at the manganese cluster. A critical measure describing the ability of cofactors in proteins to participate in such reactions is the oxidation/reduction midpoint potential. In this review, the basic concepts of oxidation/reduction reactions are reviewed with a summary of the experimental approaches used to measure the midpoint potential of metal cofactors. For cofactors in proteins, the midpoint potential not only depends upon the specific chemical characteristics of cofactors but also upon interactions with the surrounding protein, such as the nature of the coordinating ligands and protein environment. These interactions can be tailored to optimize an oxidation/reduction reaction carried out by the protein. As examples, the midpoint potentials of hemes in cytochromes, bacteriochlorophylls in reaction centers, and the manganese cluster of photosystem II are discussed with an emphasis on the influence that protein interactions have on these potentials. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Metals in Bioenergetics and Biomimetics Systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
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23
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Photosystem trap energies and spectrally-dependent energy-storage efficiencies in the Chl d-utilizing cyanobacterium, Acaryochloris marina. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:255-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Novak I, Komorsky-Lovrić Š. Square-Wave Voltammetry of Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin on Glassy-Carbon and Paraffin-Impregnated Graphite Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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26
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Tamiaki H, Machida S, Mizutani K. Modification of 3-Substituents in (Bacterio)Chlorophyll Derivatives to Prepare 3-Ethylated, Methylated, and Unsubstituted (Nickel) Pyropheophorbides and Their Optical Properties. J Org Chem 2012; 77:4751-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300442t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Machida
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mizutani
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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27
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Saito K, Shen JR, Ishikita H. Cationic state distribution over the chlorophyll d-containing P(D1)/P(D2) pair in photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1817:1191-5. [PMID: 22192718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Most of the chlorophyll (Chl) cofactors in photosystem II (PSII) from Acaryochloris marina are Chld, although a few Chla molecules are also present. To evaluate the possibility that Chla may participate in the P(D1)/P(D2) Chl pair in PSII from A. marina, the P(D1)(•+)/P(D2)(•+) charge ratio was investigated using the PSII crystal structure analyzed at 1.9-Å resolution, while considering all possibilities for the Chld-containing P(D1)/P(D2) pair, i.e., Chld/Chld, Chla/Chld, and Chld/Chla pairs. Chld/Chld and Chla/Chld pairs resulted in a large P(D1)(•+) population relative to P(D2)(•+), as identified in Chla/Chla homodimer pairs in PSII from other species, e.g., Thermosynechococcus elongatus PSII. However, the Chld/Chla pair possessed a P(D1)(•+)/P(D2)(•+) ratio of approximately 50/50, which is in contrast to previous spectroscopic studies on A. marina PSII. The present results strongly exclude the possibility that the Chld/Chla pair serves as P(D1)/P(D2) in A. marina PSII. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability: from Natural to Artificial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Saito
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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28
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Neverov KV, Santabarbara S, Krasnovsky AA. Phosphorescence study of chlorophyll d photophysics. Determination of the energy and lifetime of the photo-excited triplet state. Evidence of singlet oxygen photosensitization. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2011; 108:101-106. [PMID: 21573948 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll d (Chl d) is the major pigment in both photosystems (PSI and II) of the cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina, whose pigment composition represents an interesting alternative in oxygenic photosynthesis. While abundant information is available relative to photophysical properties of Chl a , the understanding of Chl d photophysics is still incomplete. In this paper, we present for the first time a characterization of Chl d phosphorescence, which accompanies radiative deactivation of the photoexcited triplet state of this pigment. Reliable information was obtained on the energy and lifetime of the Chl d triplet state in frozen solutions at 77 K using diethyl ether and aqueous dispersions of Triton X100 as solvents. It is shown that triplet Chl d is effectively populated upon photoexcitation of pigment molecules and efficiently sensitizes singlet oxygen phosphorescence in aerobic solutions under ambient conditions. The data obtained are compared with the previous results of the phosphorescence studies of Chl a and Pheo a, and their possible biological implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V Neverov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii pr., 33, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation
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29
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Saito K, Ishida T, Sugiura M, Kawakami K, Umena Y, Kamiya N, Shen JR, Ishikita H. Distribution of the Cationic State over the Chlorophyll Pair of the Photosystem II Reaction Center. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14379-88. [DOI: 10.1021/ja203947k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Saito
- 202 Building E, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toyokazu Ishida
- Nanosystem Research Institute (NRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Miwa Sugiura
- Cell-Free Science and Technology Research Center, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Umena
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kamiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology/Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- 202 Building E, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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30
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Theiss C, Schmitt FJ, Pieper J, Nganou C, Grehn M, Vitali M, Olliges R, Eichler HJ, Eckert HJ. Excitation energy transfer in intact cells and in the phycobiliprotein antennae of the chlorophyll d containing cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:1473-1487. [PMID: 21396735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina is unique because it mainly contains Chlorophyll d (Chl d) in the core complexes of PS I and PS II instead of the usually dominant Chl a. Furthermore, its light harvesting system has a structure also different from other cyanobacteria. It has both, a membrane-internal chlorophyll containing antenna and a membrane-external phycobiliprotein (PBP) complex. The first one binds Chl d and is structurally analogous to CP43. The latter one has a rod-like structure consisting of three phycocyanin (PC) homohexamers and one heterohexamer containing PC and allophycocyanin (APC). In this paper, we give an overview on the investigations of excitation energy transfer (EET) in this PBP-light-harvesting system and of charge separation in the photosystem II (PS II) reaction center of A. marina performed at the Technische Universität Berlin. Due to the unique structure of the PBP antenna in A. marina, this EET occurs on a much shorter overall time scale than in other cyanobacteria. We also briefly discuss the question of the pigment composition in the reaction center (RC) of PS II and the nature of the primary donor of the PS II RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Theiss
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Berlin, Germany.
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31
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Croce R, van Amerongen H. Light-harvesting and structural organization of Photosystem II: From individual complexes to thylakoid membrane. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:142-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Sadaoka K, Kashimura S, Saga Y. Effects of molecular structures on reduction properties of formyl groups in chlorophylls and pheophytins prepared from oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3901-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Mielke SP, Kiang NY, Blankenship RE, Gunner MR, Mauzerall D. Efficiency of photosynthesis in a Chl d-utilizing cyanobacterium is comparable to or higher than that in Chl a-utilizing oxygenic species. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:1231-6. [PMID: 21708123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina uses chlorophyll d to carry out oxygenic photosynthesis in environments depleted in visible and enhanced in lower-energy, far-red light. However, the extent to which low photon energies limit the efficiency of oxygenic photochemistry in A. marina is not known. Here, we report the first direct measurements of the energy-storage efficiency of the photosynthetic light reactions in A. marina whole cells, and find it is comparable to or higher than that in typical, chlorophyll a-utilizing oxygenic species. This finding indicates that oxygenic photosynthesis is not fundamentally limited at the photon energies employed by A. marina, and therefore is potentially viable in even longer-wavelength light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Mielke
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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34
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Hirai Y, Sasaki SI, Tamiaki H, Kashimura S, Saga Y. Substitution Effects in the A- and B-Rings of the Chlorin Macrocycle on Demetalation Properties of Zinc Chlorophyll Derivatives. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:3240-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1117486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Sasaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kashimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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35
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Tomo T, Allakhverdiev SI, Mimuro M. Constitution and energetics of photosystem I and photosystem II in the chlorophyll d-dominated cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:333-40. [PMID: 21530298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This mini review presents current topics of discussion about photosystem (PS) I and PS II of photosynthesis in the Acaryochloris marina. A. marina is a photosynthetic cyanobacterium in which chlorophyll (Chl) d is the major antenna pigment (>95%). However, Chl a is always present in a few percent. Chl d absorbs light with a wavelength up to 30 nm red-shifted from Chl a. Therefore, the chlorophyll species of the special pair in PS II has been a matter of debate because if Chl d was the special pair component, the overall energetics must be different in A. marina. The history of this field indicates that a purified sample is necessary for the reliable identification and characterization of the special pair. In view of the spectroscopic data and the redox potential of pheophytin, we discuss the nature of special pair constituents and the localization of the enigmatic Chl a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Tomo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Sciences, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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36
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Shevela D. Adventures with cyanobacteria: a personal perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 2:28. [PMID: 22645530 PMCID: PMC3355777 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, or the blue-green algae as they used to be called until 1974, are the oldest oxygenic photosynthesizers. We summarize here adventures with them since the early 1960s. This includes studies on light absorption by cyanobacteria, excitation energy transfer at room temperature down to liquid helium temperature, fluorescence (kinetics as well as spectra) and its relationship to photosynthesis, and afterglow (or thermoluminescence) from them. Further, we summarize experiments on their two-light reaction - two-pigment system, as well as the unique role of bicarbonate (hydrogen carbonate) on the electron-acceptor side of their photosystem II, PSII. This review, in addition, includes a discussion on the regulation of changes in phycobilins (mostly in PSII) and chlorophyll a (Chl a; mostly in photosystem I, PSI) under oscillating light, on the relationship of the slow fluorescence increase (the so-called S to M rise, especially in the presence of diuron) in minute time scale with the so-called state-changes, and on the possibility of limited oxygen evolution in mixotrophic PSI (minus) mutants, up to 30 min, in the presence of glucose. We end this review with a brief discussion on the position of cyanobacteria in the evolution of photosynthetic systems.
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37
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Saga Y, Hojo S, Hirai Y. Comparison of demetalation properties between zinc chlorin and zinc porphyrin derivatives: Effect of macrocyclic structures. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5697-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Renger T, Schlodder E. Primary Photophysical Processes in Photosystem II: Bridging the Gap between Crystal Structure and Optical Spectra. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:1141-53. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Hoober JK, Eggink LL, Chen M, Larkum AWD. Chapter 15 The Chemistry and Biology of Light-Harvesting Complex II and Thylakoid Biogenesis: raison d’etre of Chlorophylls b and c. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-8531-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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40
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Replacement of chlorophyll with di-vinyl chlorophyll in the antenna and reaction center complexes of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: Characterization of spectral and photochemical properties. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:191-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 12/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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41
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Björn LO, Papageorgiou GC, Blankenship RE. A viewpoint: why chlorophyll a? PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 99:85-98. [PMID: 19125349 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a (Chl a) serves a dual role in oxygenic photosynthesis: in light harvesting as well as in converting energy of absorbed photons to chemical energy. No other Chl is as omnipresent in oxygenic photosynthesis as is Chl a, and this is particularly true if we include Chl a(2), (=[8-vinyl]-Chl a), which occurs in Prochlorococcus, as a type of Chl a. One exception to this near universal pattern is Chl d, which is found in some cyanobacteria that live in filtered light that is enriched in wavelengths >700 nm. They trap the long wavelength electronic excitation, and convert it into chemical energy. In this Viewpoint, we have traced the possible reasons for the near ubiquity of Chl a for its use in the primary photochemistry of Photosystem II (PS II) that leads to water oxidation and of Photosystem I (PS I) that leads to ferredoxin reduction. Chl a appears to be unique and irreplaceable, particularly if global scale oxygenic photosynthesis is considered. Its uniqueness is determined by its physicochemical properties, but there is more. Other contributing factors include specially tailored protein environments, and functional compatibility with neighboring electron transporting cofactors. Thus, the same molecule, Chl a in vivo, is capable of generating a radical cation at +1 V or higher (in PS II), a radical anion at -1 V or lower (in PS I), or of being completely redox silent (in antenna holochromes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Olof Björn
- Department of Cell and Organism Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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42
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Kuroiwa Y, Kato Y, Watanabe T. Negative shift of chlorophyll a oxidation potential by aggregation in acetonitrile/ionic liquid mixed solvents. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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43
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Hirai Y, Tamiaki H, Kashimura S, Saga Y. Demetalation kinetics of natural chlorophylls purified from oxygenic photosynthetic organisms: effect of the formyl groups conjugated directly to the chlorin π-macrocycle. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:1701-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Schenderlein M, Çetin M, Barber J, Telfer A, Schlodder E. Spectroscopic studies of the chlorophyll d containing photosystem I from the cyanobacterium, Acaryochloris marina. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2008; 1777:1400-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ohashi S, Miyashita H, Okada N, Iemura T, Watanabe T, Kobayashi M. Unique photosystems in Acaryochloris marina. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 98:141-149. [PMID: 18985431 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A short overview is given on the discovery of the chlorophyll d-dominated cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina and the minor pigments that function as key components therein. In photosystem I, chlorophyll d', chlorophyll a, and phylloquinone function as the primary electron donor, the primary electron acceptor and the secondary electron acceptor, respectively. In photosystem II, pheophytin a serves as the primary electron acceptor. The oxidation potential of chlorophyll d was higher than that of chlorophyll a in vitro, while the oxidation potential of P740 was almost the same as that of P700. These results help us to broaden our view on the questions about the unique photosystems in Acaryochloris marina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ohashi
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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46
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Bailleul B, Johnson X, Finazzi G, Barber J, Rappaport F, Telfer A. The Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Electron Transfer between Cytochrome b6f and Photosystem I in the Chlorophyll d-dominated Cyanobacterium, Acaryochloris marina. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:25218-25226. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803047200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Mimuro M, Tomo T, Tsuchiya T. Two unique cyanobacteria lead to a traceable approach of the first appearance of oxygenic photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 97:167-176. [PMID: 18568415 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary route from anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria to oxygenic cyanobacteria is discontinuous in terms of photochemical/photophysical reaction systems. It is difficult to describe this transition process simply because there are no recognized intermediary organisms between the two bacterial groups. Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421 might be a model organism that is suitable for analysis because it still possesses primordial characteristics such as the absence of thylakoid membranes. Whole genome analysis and biochemical and biophysical surveys of G. violaceus have favored the hypothesis that it is an intermediary organism. On the other hand, species differentiation is an evolutionary process that could be driven by changes in a small number of genes, and this process might give fair information more in details by monitoring of those genes. Comparative studies of genes, including those in Acaryochloris marina MBIC 11017, have provided information relevant to species differentiation; in particular, the acquisition of a new pigment, chlorophyll d, and changes in amino acid sequences have been informative. Here, based on experimental evidence from these two species, we discuss some of the evolutionary pathways for the appearance and differentiation of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Mimuro
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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48
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Tamiaki H, Fukai K, Shimazu H, Nishide K, Shibata Y, Itoh S, Kunieda M. Covalently linked zinc chlorophyll dimers as a model of a chlorophyllous pair in photosynthetic reaction centers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:1231-7. [PMID: 18846288 DOI: 10.1039/b802353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A heterodimer, where zinc pyropheophorbide-a was linked with zinc pyropheophorbide-d through ethylene glycol diester, was prepared, as well as the corresponding homodimers. The synthetic dimers were complexed with methanol in benzene to give folded dimers by mutual Zn...O(Me)-H...O=C13(1) bonding. Such complexes had furthest red (Qy) absorption bands at longer wavelengths than the monomeric species. These red-shifts were ascribable to excitonic coupling of the Qy transition states in the chlorin pi-pi stacking conformer. In the heterodimeric system, a minor band was observed at the shorter wavelength side of the main Qy band. This observation can be explained by an additional contribution of Qy vibronic state to the exciton-coupled states. Based on the experimental results, a pair of chlorophyll(Chl)-d with Chl-a as well as a Chl-d homopair were proposed as dimers in reaction centers of Chl-d dominating cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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49
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Renger T, Schlodder E. The Primary Electron Donor of Photosystem II of the Cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina Is a Chlorophyll d and the Water Oxidation Is Driven by a Chlorophyll a/Chlorophyll d Heterodimer. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:7351-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801900e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Renger
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and Max Volmer Laboratory for Biophysical Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Schlodder
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and Max Volmer Laboratory for Biophysical Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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50
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Raven JA, Larkum AWD. Are there ecological implications for the proposed energetic restrictions on photosynthetic oxygen evolution at high oxygen concentrations? PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2007; 94:31-42. [PMID: 17611812 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been shown that, in subthylakoid particles prepared using detergent, there is inhibition of oxygen production reactions in photosynthesis by thermodynamic feedback from oxygen build-up, with 50% inhibition at 230 kPa partial pressure of oxygen. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of laboratory data on the effects of high oxygen partial pressures on photosynthesis, and on photo-lithotrophic and chemo-organotrophic growth, of oxygen-producing organisms. The article also contains an analysis of the extent to which high oxygen concentrations occur at the site of photosystem II (PSII) activity under natural conditions today and in the past. The conclusion is that the oxygen concentrations found in nature are very unlikely to reach that needed to cause 50% inhibition of the photosynthetic oxygen production reaction in subthylakoid particles, but that it is just possible that a small part of the inhibition of photosynthesis and of photo-lithotrophic growth by oxygen can be attributed to inhibition of oxygen production by PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Raven
- Plant Research Unit, University of Dundee at SCRI, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK.
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