1
|
Lijassi I, Arahou F, Mansouri Z, Wahby A, Rhazi L, Wahby I. Comparative Analysis of Effect of Culture Conditions on Growth and C-Phycocyanin Production in Helical and Linear Spirulina. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:152. [PMID: 38652305 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Spirulina (Arthrospira and Spirulina spp.) has always been characterized by the helical trichomes, despite the existence of linear forms. A great debate is now open on the morphological flexibility of Spirulina, but it seems that both trichome morphology and C-phycocyanin (C-PC) concentrations are influenced by the culture conditions.This work compared the effect of some key growth factors (medium pH as well as its carbon, potassium, and salt contents) on the growth and C-PC concentration of helical and linear Spirulina strains. Further, two-phase strategies, including light and nitrogen variation, were applied to increase the in vivo C-PC accumulation into the trichomes. Results showed that high pH induced trichomes elongation and improved growth but decreased C-PC content (+ 65 and + 43% vs. -83 and -49%, for helical and linear strains, respectively). Variations in carbon and salt concentrations negatively impacted growth and C-PC content, even if the linear strain was more robust against these fluctuations. It was also interesting to see that potassium increasing improved growth and C-PC content for both strains.The variation of light wavelength during the enrichment phase (in the two-phase strategy) improved by 50% C-PC accumulation in trichomes, especially after blue lighting for 96 h. Similar result was obtained after 48 h of nitrogen reduction, while its removal from the medium caused trichomes disintegration. The current work highlights the robustness of linear Spirulina strain and presents an efficient and scalable way to increase C-PC in vivo without affecting growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissam Lijassi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Research Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnologies, Biodiversity and Environment, Laboratory of Botany and Valorisation of Plant and Fungal Resources, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Fadia Arahou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Research Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnologies, Biodiversity and Environment, Laboratory of Botany and Valorisation of Plant and Fungal Resources, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zineb Mansouri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Research Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnologies, Biodiversity and Environment, Laboratory of Botany and Valorisation of Plant and Fungal Resources, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Anass Wahby
- Laboratory of Water, Studies and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Laila Rhazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Research Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnologies, Biodiversity and Environment, Laboratory of Botany and Valorisation of Plant and Fungal Resources, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Imane Wahby
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Research Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnologies, Biodiversity and Environment, Laboratory of Botany and Valorisation of Plant and Fungal Resources, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nagao R, Ueno Y, Furutani M, Kato K, Shen JR, Akimoto S. Biochemical and spectroscopic characterization of PSI-LHCI from the red alga Cyanidium caldarium. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 156:315-323. [PMID: 36781711 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-00999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) have been diversified in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, and play an essential role in capturing light energy which is transferred to two types of photosystem cores to promote charge-separation reactions. Red algae are one of the groups of photosynthetic eukaryotes, and their chlorophyll (Chl) a-binding LHCs are specifically associated with photosystem I (PSI). In this study, we purified three types of preparations, PSI-LHCI supercomplexes, PSI cores, and isolated LHCIs, from the red alga Cyanidium caldarium, and examined their properties. The polypeptide bands of PSI-LHCI showed characteristic PSI and LHCI components without contamination by other proteins. The carotenoid composition of LHCI displayed zeaxanthins, β-cryptoxanthins, and β-carotenes. Among the carotenoids, zeaxanthins were enriched in LHCI. On the contrary, both zeaxanthins and β-cryptoxanthins could not be detected from PSI, suggesting that zeaxanthins and β-cryptoxanthins are bound to LHCI but not PSI. A Qy peak of Chl a in the absorption spectrum of LHCI was shifted to a shorter wavelength than those in PSI and PSI-LHCI. This tendency is in line with the result of fluorescence-emission spectra, in which the emission maxima of PSI-LHCI, PSI, and LHCI appeared at 727, 719, and 677 nm, respectively. Time-resolved fluorescence spectra of LHCI represented no 719 and 727-nm fluorescence bands from picoseconds to nanoseconds. These results indicate that energy levels of Chls around/within LHCIs and within PSI are changed by binding LHCIs to PSI. Based on these findings, we discuss the expression, function, and structure of red algal PSI-LHCI supercomplexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
- Institute of Arts and Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Miyu Furutani
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Structural Biology Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-Gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang L, Yu S, Chen H, Pei H. Enhanced phycocyanin production from Spirulina subsalsa via freshwater and marine cultivation with optimized light source and temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 378:129009. [PMID: 37011840 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To find out optimum and cost-efficient strategy for phycocyanin production, the effect of light source and temperature on Spirulina subsalsa growth were studied in chemically defined freshwater medium and seawater supplied with wastewater from glutamic acid fermentation tank. Maximum growth rate and the highest phycocyanin content were obtained by 35 °C and green light, respectively. A two-stage cultivation strategy was proposed and applied, which combines biomass accumulation at 35 °C and phycocyanin synthesis simulated under green light. As a result, phycocyanin production reached 70 mg/L/d and 11 mg/L/d from freshwater and seawater medium, respectively. With all tested conditions, a strong correlation between biomass and phycocyanin/chlorophyll ratio, rather than phycocyanin, revealed the dependence of Spirulina subsalsa growth on coordinating regulation of photosynthetic pigments. The relationship between growth and phycocyanin production under various light and temperature can be a good basis for improving phycocyanin production from Spirulina subsalsa with or without freshwater consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Siteng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 202162, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pelagatti M, Mori G, Falsini S, Ballini R, Lazzara L, Papini A. Blue and Yellow Light Induce Changes in Biochemical Composition and Ultrastructure of Limnospira fusiformis (Cyanoprokaryota). Microorganisms 2023; 11:1236. [PMID: 37317210 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Limnospira fusiformis (also known as Spirulina) is a cyanobacterium that is widely cultivated due to its economic importance. It has specific pigments such as phycocyanin that allow it to grow at different light wavelengths compared to other cultivated algae. Our study investigated the effect of yellow (590 nm) and blue (460 nm) light fields on various biochemical features, including the pigment concentration, protein content, dry weight, and cell ultrastructure of L. fusiformis. Our findings revealed that biomass growth was faster in yellow light compared to blue light, with a higher relative amount of proteins even after one day of exposure. However, after eight days, the relative protein content in yellow versus blue light was not statistically different. Furthermore, in yellow light, we observed a decrease in chlorophyll a, an increase in cyanophycin granules, and an increase in the amount of dilated thylakoids. On the other hand, in blue light, there was an increase in phycocyanin after one day, along with an increase in electron-dense bodies, which are attributable to carboxysomes. However, after eight days, the differences in pigment content compared to the control were not statistically significant. Our study showed that using specific wavelengths during the harvesting phase of spirulina growth can enhance phycocyanin content with blue light (after one day) and biomass, growth rates, and protein content with yellow light after six days. This highlights the biotechnological potential of this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Pelagatti
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via P.A. Micheli, 1-3, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mori
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via P.A. Micheli, 1-3, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Falsini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via P.A. Micheli, 1-3, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Raffaello Ballini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via P.A. Micheli, 1-3, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Luigi Lazzara
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via P.A. Micheli, 1-3, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via P.A. Micheli, 1-3, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pistelli L, Del Mondo A, Smerilli A, Corato F, Sansone C, Brunet C. Biotechnological response curve of the cyanobacterium Spirulina subsalsa to light energy gradient. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:28. [PMID: 36803279 PMCID: PMC9940373 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae represent a suitable and eco-sustainable resource for human needs thanks to their fast growth ability, together with the great diversity in species and intracellular secondary bioactive metabolites. These high-added-value compounds are of great interest for human health or animal feed. The intracellular content of these valuable compound families is tightly associated with the microalgal biological state and responds to environmental cues, e.g., light. Our study develops a Biotechnological response curve strategy exploring the bioactive metabolites synthesis in the marine cyanobacterium Spirulina subsalsa over a light energy gradient. The Relative Light energy index generated in our study integrates the red, green and blue photon flux density with their relative photon energy. The Biotechnological response curve combined biochemical analysis of the macromolecular composition (total protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content), total sterols, polyphenols and flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamins (A, B1, B2, B6, B9, B12, C, D2, D3, E, H, and K1), phycobiliproteins, together with the antioxidant activity of the biomass as well as the growth ability and photosynthesis. RESULTS Results demonstrated that light energy significantly modulate the biochemical status of the microalga Spirulina subsalsa revealing the relevance of the light energy index to explain the light-induced biological variability. The sharp decrease of the photosynthetic rate at high light energy was accompanied with an increase of the antioxidant network response, such as carotenoids, total polyphenols, and the antioxidant capacity. Conversely, low light energy favorized the intracellular content of lipids and vitamins (B2, B6, B9, D3, K1, A, C, H, and B12) compared to high light energy. CONCLUSIONS Results of the Biotechnological response curves were discussed in their functional and physiological relevance as well as for the essence of their potential biotechnological applications. This study emphasized the light energy as a relevant tool to explain the biological responses of microalgae towards light climate variability, and, therefore, to design metabolic manipulation of microalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Pistelli
- Stazione zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, via ammiraglio F. Acton, 55., 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Del Mondo
- Stazione zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, via ammiraglio F. Acton, 55., 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna Smerilli
- Stazione zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, via ammiraglio F. Acton, 55., 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Corato
- Stazione zoologica Anton Dohrn, villa comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Clementina Sansone
- Stazione zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, via ammiraglio F. Acton, 55., 80133, Naples, Italy.
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Stazione zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, via ammiraglio F. Acton, 55., 80133, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khayatian S, Bavali A, Moradi S, Farhadi M, Behnamedin Jameie S. Fluorescence inner filters of Arthrospira platensis: Novel perspective for precise fluorescence-based sensors. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 284:121791. [PMID: 36057160 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been reputed as novel biological materials due to their unique structure, surface functionality and optical activity, making them worthwhile agents in biosensing and theranostic applications. However, further scrutiny is required for utilizing them in routine optical techniques due to their complex structure and diverse chemical components. Here, laser induced fluorescence (LIF) features of a bio-compatible microalgae i. e. Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) have been assessed. Typical fluorescence properties as well as the inner filter effects (IFEs) were examined and revealed to be strongly dependent on concentration, excitation wavelength, and detection geometry as well. IFEs and resulting spectral shifts have been analyzed considering various SP chromophores, reabsorption processes, and resonance energy transfer (RET) mainly from "Carotenoids to Phycobilisomes" as well as "Phycobilisomes to Chlorophyll-a". As a result, LIF spectral shift due to the re-absorption events (secondary-IFE) is introduced as a credible parameter for design of precise fluorescence-based sensors, due to being less dependent on ambient noises. We hope that the findings provide novel features regarding the LIF of Spirulina (SP) that could be utilized to design and develop optical sensors in the field of photonics, material diagnosis and biomedical theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Khayatian
- Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Bavali
- Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Moradi
- Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Farhadi
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Behnamedin Jameie
- Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sapeta H, Yokono M, Takabayashi A, Ueno Y, Cordeiro AM, Hara T, Tanaka A, Akimoto S, Oliveira MM, Tanaka R. Reversible down-regulation of photosystems I and II leads to fast photosynthesis recovery after long-term drought in Jatropha curcas. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:336-351. [PMID: 36269314 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas is a drought-tolerant plant that maintains its photosynthetic pigments under prolonged drought, and quickly regains its photosynthetic capacity when water is available. It has been reported that drought stress leads to increased thermal dissipation in PSII, but that of PSI has been barely investigated, perhaps due to technical limitations in measuring the PSI absolute quantum yield. In this study, we combined biochemical analysis and spectroscopic measurements using an integrating sphere, and verified that the quantum yields of both photosystems are temporarily down-regulated under drought. We found that the decrease in the quantum yield of PSII was accompanied by a decrease in the core complexes of PSII while light-harvesting complexes are maintained under drought. In addition, in drought-treated plants, we observed a decrease in the absolute quantum yield of PSI as compared with the well-watered control, while the amount of PSI did not change, indicating that non-photochemical quenching occurs in PSI. The down-regulation of both photosystems was quickly lifted in a few days upon re-watering. Our results indicate, that in J. curcas under drought, the down-regulation of both PSII and PSI quantum yield protects the photosynthetic machinery from uncontrolled photodamage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Sapeta
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Genomics of Plant Stress, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Makio Yokono
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takabayashi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - André M Cordeiro
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Genomics of Plant Stress, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Toshihiko Hara
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - M Margarida Oliveira
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Genomics of Plant Stress, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ryouichi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sohani E, Pajoum Shariati F, Pajoum Shariati SR. Assessment of various colored lights on the growth pattern and secondary metabolites synthesis in Spirulina platensis. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:412-423. [PMID: 35895500 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2098320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic aquatic microorganisms with light and dark photosynthesis reactions. In the present study, the effect of various light spectrums on light and dark reactions in Spirulina platensis was investigated. Chlorophyll a and phycocyanin as light reaction pigments and vitamin B12 as a product of dark reaction were examined. S. platensis was exposed to four different color LEDs (white, red, blue, and yellow) at a fixed intensity. In light reaction, chlorophyll-a has the highest amount in blue, red, white, and yellow by 61.23, 45.46, 34.85, and 22.55 mg·g-1, respectively. Those microalgae cultured in the blue color produced the highest amount of Chlorophyll a and c-phycocyanin. For C-phycocyanin, the highest to the lowest amount belong to blue, red, yellow, and white light by 168.6, 102.4, 85.77, and 53.81 mg·g-1. The amount of vitamin B12, from high to low is related to blue, red, white, and yellow light by 68.91, 59.73, 52.56, and 10.2 µg·g-1. The trend of vitamin B12's production was similar to the chlorophyll a. In conclusion, blue color can increase the production of vitamin B12 while keeping light reaction products at their highest level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Sohani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Pajoum Shariati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jung CHG, Waldeck P, Sykora S, Braune S, Petrick I, Küpper JH, Jung F. Influence of Different Light-Emitting Diode Colors on Growth and Phycobiliprotein Generation of Arthrospira platensis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:895. [PMID: 35743926 PMCID: PMC9225284 DOI: 10.3390/life12060895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LED) can be utilized as tailorable artificial light sources for the cultivation of cyanobacteria such as Arthrospira platensis (AP). To study the influence of different LED light colors on phototrophic growth and biomass composition, AP was cultured in closed bioreactors and exposed to red, green, blue, or white LED lights. The illumination with red LED light resulted in the highest cell growth and highest cell densities compared to all other light sources (order of cell densities: red > white > green > blue LED light). In contrast, the highest phycocyanin concentrations were found when AP was cultured under blue LED light (e.g., order of concentrations: blue > white > red > green LED light). LED-blue light stimulated the accumulation of nitrogen compounds in the form of phycobiliproteins at the expense of cell growth. The results of the study revealed that exposure to different LED light colors can improve the quality and quantity of the biomass gained in AP cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conrad H. G. Jung
- Carbon Biotech Social Enterprise AG, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany; (C.H.G.J.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Peter Waldeck
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Thermodynamics, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany; (P.W.); (I.P.)
| | - Shadi Sykora
- Experimental Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Energy Systems, Brandenburg University of Technology, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany;
| | - Steffen Braune
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany;
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Ingolf Petrick
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Thermodynamics, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany; (P.W.); (I.P.)
| | - Jan-Heiner Küpper
- Carbon Biotech Social Enterprise AG, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany; (C.H.G.J.); (J.-H.K.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany;
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Jung
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cadondon JG, Ong PMB, Vallar EA, Shiina T, Galvez MCD. Chlorophyll-a Pigment Measurement of Spirulina in Algal Growth Monitoring Using Portable Pulsed LED Fluorescence Lidar System. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22082940. [PMID: 35458924 PMCID: PMC9025811 DOI: 10.3390/s22082940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll-a measurement is important in algal growth and water quality monitoring in natural waters. A portable pulsed LED fluorescence lidar system based on the preliminary algal organic matter and pigments excitation–emission matrix (EEM) of commercialized AZTEC Spirulina powder at varying concentrations was developed. Fluorescence peaks from EEMs showed increasing intensity as the Spirulina concentration increases. Using this information, an LED fluorescence lidar with a wavelength of 385 nm, pulse width of 10 ns, and repetition frequency of 500 kHz was constructed for chlorophyll detection at 680 nm. Turbidity measurements were also conducted at 700 nm emission wavelength at the same excitation wavelength. Range-resolved fluorescence lidar signals from the portable pulsed LED fluorescence lidar system are highly correlated with the standard methods such as optical density at 680 nm (R2 = 0.87), EEM fluorescence chlorophyll-a pigment at 680 nm (R2 = 0.89), and corrected chlorophyll-a concentration (R2 =0.92). The F680/F700 lidar ratio was measured to provide a linear relationship of chlorophyll-a and turbidity in waters. The F680/F700 measurement showed strong correlations with Spirulina concentration (R2 = 0.94), absorbance at 680 nm (R2 = 0.84), EEM chlorophyll-a pigment at 680 nm (R2 = 0.83), and corrected chlorophyll-a concentration (R2 = 0.86). Results revealed that this new technique of chlorophyll-a measurement can be used as an alternative to other standard methods in algal growth monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jumar G. Cadondon
- Environment And RemoTe sensing researcH (EARTH) Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, De La Salle University Manila, 1004 Taft Avenue, Manila 0922, Philippines; (P.M.B.O.); (E.A.V.); (M.C.D.G.)
- Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Miagao Campus, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao 5023, Philippines
- Correspondence:
| | - Prane Mariel B. Ong
- Environment And RemoTe sensing researcH (EARTH) Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, De La Salle University Manila, 1004 Taft Avenue, Manila 0922, Philippines; (P.M.B.O.); (E.A.V.); (M.C.D.G.)
| | - Edgar A. Vallar
- Environment And RemoTe sensing researcH (EARTH) Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, De La Salle University Manila, 1004 Taft Avenue, Manila 0922, Philippines; (P.M.B.O.); (E.A.V.); (M.C.D.G.)
| | - Tatsuo Shiina
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Chiba 263-8522, Japan;
| | - Maria Cecilia D. Galvez
- Environment And RemoTe sensing researcH (EARTH) Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, De La Salle University Manila, 1004 Taft Avenue, Manila 0922, Philippines; (P.M.B.O.); (E.A.V.); (M.C.D.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nagao R, Kato K, Kumazawa M, Ifuku K, Yokono M, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Akita F, Akimoto S, Miyazaki N, Shen JR. Structural basis for different types of hetero-tetrameric light-harvesting complexes in a diatom PSII-FCPII supercomplex. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1764. [PMID: 35365610 PMCID: PMC8976053 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin chlorophyll (Chl) a/c-binding proteins (FCPs) function as light harvesters in diatoms. The structure of a diatom photosystem II-FCPII (PSII-FCPII) supercomplex have been solved by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) previously; however, the FCPII subunits that constitute the FCPII tetramers and monomers are not identified individually due to their low resolutions. Here, we report a 2.5 Å resolution structure of the PSII-FCPII supercomplex using cryo-EM. Two types of tetrameric FCPs, S-tetramer, and M-tetramer, are identified as different types of hetero-tetrameric complexes. In addition, three FCP monomers, m1, m2, and m3, are assigned to different gene products of FCP. The present structure also identifies the positions of most Chls c and diadinoxanthins, which form a complicated pigment network. Excitation-energy transfer from FCPII to PSII is revealed by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. These structural and spectroscopic findings provide insights into an assembly model of FCPII and its excitation-energy transfer and quenching processes. Fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins (FCPs) harvest light energy in diatoms. The authors analyzed a structure of PSII-FCPII supercomplex at high resolution by cryo-EM, which identified each FCP subunit and pigment network in the supercomplex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Koji Kato
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Minoru Kumazawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Fusamichi Akita
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Naoyuki Miyazaki
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nagao R, Yokono M, Ueno Y, Nakajima Y, Suzuki T, Kato KH, Tsuboshita N, Dohmae N, Shen JR, Ehira S, Akimoto S. Excitation-energy transfer in heterocysts isolated from the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 as studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148509. [PMID: 34793768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heterocysts are formed in filamentous heterocystous cyanobacteria under nitrogen-starvation conditions, and possess a very low amount of photosystem II (PSII) complexes than vegetative cells. Molecular, morphological, and biochemical characterizations of heterocysts have been investigated; however, excitation-energy dynamics in heterocysts are still unknown. In this study, we examined excitation-energy-relaxation processes of pigment-protein complexes in heterocysts isolated from the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Thylakoid membranes from the heterocysts showed no oxygen-evolving activity under our experimental conditions and no thermoluminescence-glow curve originating from charge recombination of S2QA-. Two dimensional blue-native/SDS-PAGE analysis exhibits tetrameric, dimeric, and monomeric photosystem I (PSI) complexes but almost no dimeric and monomeric PSII complexes in the heterocyst thylakoids. The steady-state fluorescence spectrum of the heterocyst thylakoids at 77 K displays both characteristic PSI fluorescence and unusual PSII fluorescence different from the fluorescence of PSII dimer and monomer complexes. Time-resolved fluorescence spectra at 77 K, followed by fluorescence decay-associated spectra, showed different PSII and PSI fluorescence bands between heterocysts and vegetative thylakoids. Based on these findings, we discuss excitation-energy-transfer mechanisms in the heterocysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Makio Yokono
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakajima
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ka-Ho Kato
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Tsuboshita
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shigeki Ehira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nagao R, Yokono M, Kato KH, Ueno Y, Shen JR, Akimoto S. High-light modification of excitation-energy-relaxation processes in the green flagellate Euglena gracilis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:303-311. [PMID: 34037905 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms finely tune their photosynthetic machinery including pigment compositions and antenna systems to adapt to various light environments. However, it is poorly understood how the photosynthetic machinery in the green flagellate Euglena gracilis is modified under high-light conditions. In this study, we examined high-light modification of excitation-energy-relaxation processes in Euglena cells. Oxygen-evolving activity in the cells incubated at 300 µmol photons m-2 s-1 (HL cells) cannot be detected, reflecting severe photodamage to photosystem II (PSII) in vivo. Pigment compositions in the HL cells showed relative increases in 9'-cis-neoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, and chlorophyll b compared with the cells incubated at 30 µmol photons m-2 s-1 (LL cells). Absolute fluorescence spectra at 77 K exhibit smaller intensities of the PSII and photosystem I (PSI) fluorescence in the HL cells than in the LL cells. Absolute fluorescence decay-associated spectra at 77 K of the HL cells indicate suppression of excitation-energy transfer from light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) to both PSI and PSII with the time constant of 40 ps. Rapid energy quenching in LHCs and PSII in the HL cells is distinctly observed by averaged Chl-fluorescence lifetimes. These findings suggest that Euglena modifies excitation-energy-relaxation processes in addition to pigment compositions to deal with excess energy. These results provide insights into the photoprotection strategies of this alga under high-light conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Makio Yokono
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Ka-Ho Kato
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liyanaarachchi VC, Premaratne M, Ariyadasa TU, Nimarshana P, Malik A. Two-stage cultivation of microalgae for production of high-value compounds and biofuels: A review. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
15
|
Toyoshima M, Sakata M, Ueno Y, Toya Y, Matsuda F, Akimoto S, Shimizu H. Proteome analysis of response to different spectral light irradiation in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J Proteomics 2021; 246:104306. [PMID: 34157441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In cyanobacteria, it is known that the excitation ratios of photosystem (PS) I and PSII changes with the wavelength of irradiated light due to mobile phycobilisome (PBS) and spillover, affecting the photosynthetic ATP/NADPH synthesis ratio and metabolic flux state. However, the mechanisms by which these changes are controlled have not been well studied. In this study, we performed a targeted proteomic analysis of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under different spectral light conditions to clarify the regulation mechanisms of mobile PBS, spillover and metabolisms under different light qualities at the protein level. The results showed an increase in the amount of proteins mainly involved in CO2 fixation under Red1 light conditions with a high specific growth rate, suggesting that the rate of intracellular metabolism is controlled by the rate of carbon uptake, not by changes in the amount of each enzyme. Correlation analysis between protein levels and PSI/PSII excitation ratios revealed that PsbQUY showed high correlations and significantly increased under Blue and Red2 light conditions, where the PSI/PSII excitation ratio was higher due to spillover. In the strains lacking the genes encoding these proteins, a decrease in the PSI/PSII excitation ratio was observed, suggesting that PsbQUY contribute to spillover occurrence. SIGNIFICANCE: In cyanobacteria, the photosynthetic apparatus's responses, such as state transition [mobile PBS and spillover], occur due to the intensity and wavelength of irradiated light, resulting in changes in photosynthetic electron transport and metabolic flux states. Previous studies have analyzed the response of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to light intensity from various directions, but only spectroscopic analysis of the photosynthetic apparatus has been done on the response to changes in the wavelength of irradiated light. This study analyzed the response mechanisms of mobile PBS, spillover, photosynthetic, and metabolic systems in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under six different spectral light conditions by a targeted proteomic analysis. As a result, many proteins were successfully quantified, and the metabolic enzymes and photosynthetic apparatus were analyzed using an integrated approach. Principal component and correlation analyses and volcano plots revealed that the PSII subunits PsbQ, PsbU, and PsbY have a strong correlation with the PSI/PSII excitation ratio and contribute to spillover occurrence. Thus, statistical analysis based on proteome data revealed that PsbQ, PsbU, and PsbY are involved in spillover, as revealed by spectroscopic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Toyoshima
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masumi Sakata
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Toya
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumio Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Role of Selected Wavelengths of Light in the Activity of Photosystem II in Gloeobacter violaceus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084021. [PMID: 33924720 PMCID: PMC8069770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gloeobacter violaceus is a cyanobacteria species with a lack of thylakoids, while photosynthetic antennas, i.e., phycobilisomes (PBSs), photosystem II (PSII), and I (PSI), are located in the cytoplasmic membrane. We verified the hypothesis that blue–red (BR) light supplemented with a far-red (FR), ultraviolet A (UVA), and green (G) light can affect the photosynthetic electron transport chain in PSII and explain the differences in the growth of the G. violaceus culture. The cyanobacteria were cultured under different light conditions. The largest increase in G. violaceus biomass was observed only under BR + FR and BR + G light. Moreover, the shape of the G. violaceus cells was modified by the spectrum with the addition of G light. Furthermore, it was found that both the spectral composition of light and age of the cyanobacterial culture affect the different content of phycobiliproteins in the photosynthetic antennas (PBS). Most likely, in cells grown under light conditions with the addition of FR and G light, the average antenna size increased due to the inactivation of some reaction centers in PSII. Moreover, the role of PSI and gloeorhodopsin as supplementary sources of metabolic energy in the G. violaceus growth is discussed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Petit L, Vernès L, Cadoret JP. Docking and in silico toxicity assessment of Arthrospira compounds as potential antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2021; 33:1579-1602. [PMID: 33776210 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-40890/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A race is currently being launched as a result of the international health situation. This race aims to find, by various means, weapons to counter the Covid-19 pandemic now widespread on all continents. The aquatic world and in particular that of photosynthetic organisms is regularly highlighted but paradoxically little exploited in view of the tremendous possibilities it offers. Computational tools allow not only to clear the existence and activity of many molecules but also to model their relationships with receptors identified in potential hosts. On a routine basis, our laboratory carries out a research activity on functionalities of molecules derived from algae using in silico tools. We have implemented our skills in algae biology and in modeling, as tests in order to identify molecules expressed by the genus Arthrospira showing an antiviral potential and more particularly anti-SARS-CoV-2. Using consensus docking and redocking with Autodock Vina and SwissDock, we were able to identify several promising molecules from Arthrospira: phycocyanobilin, phycoerythrobilin, phycourobilin, and folic acid. These four compounds showed reliable binding energies comprised between - 6.95 and - 7.45 kcal.mol-1 in Autodock Vina and between - 9.285 and - 10.35 kcal.mol-1 with SwissDock. Toxicity prediction as well as current regulations provided promising arguments for the inclusion of these compounds in further studies to assess their ability to compete with the SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 complex both in vitro and in vivo. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10811-021-02372-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léna Petit
- Algama, 81 rue Réaumur, 75002 Paris, France
| | - Léa Vernès
- Algama, 81 rue Réaumur, 75002 Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yoshikawa K, Ogawa K, Toya Y, Akimoto S, Matsuda F, Shimizu H. Mutations in hik26 and slr1916 lead to high-light stress tolerance in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Commun Biol 2021; 4:343. [PMID: 33727624 PMCID: PMC7966805 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased tolerance to light stress in cyanobacteria is a desirable feature for their applications. Here, we obtained a high light tolerant (Tol) strain of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 through an adaptive laboratory evolution, in which the cells were repeatedly sub-cultured for 52 days under high light stress conditions (7000 to 9000 μmol m-2 s-1). Although the growth of the parental strain almost stopped when exposed to 9000 μmol m-2 s-1, no growth inhibition was observed in the Tol strain. Excitation-energy flow was affected because of photosystem II damage in the parental strain under high light conditions, whereas the damage was alleviated and normal energy flow was maintained in the Tol strain. The transcriptome data indicated an increase in isiA expression in the Tol strain under high light conditions. Whole genome sequence analysis and reverse engineering revealed two mutations in hik26 and slr1916 involved in high light stress tolerance in the Tol strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Yoshikawa
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Kenichi Ogawa
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Toya
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Fumio Matsuda
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Petit L, Vernès L, Cadoret JP. Docking and in silico toxicity assessment of Arthrospira compounds as potential antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2021; 33:1579-1602. [PMID: 33776210 PMCID: PMC7979453 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-021-02372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A race is currently being launched as a result of the international health situation. This race aims to find, by various means, weapons to counter the Covid-19 pandemic now widespread on all continents. The aquatic world and in particular that of photosynthetic organisms is regularly highlighted but paradoxically little exploited in view of the tremendous possibilities it offers. Computational tools allow not only to clear the existence and activity of many molecules but also to model their relationships with receptors identified in potential hosts. On a routine basis, our laboratory carries out a research activity on functionalities of molecules derived from algae using in silico tools. We have implemented our skills in algae biology and in modeling, as tests in order to identify molecules expressed by the genus Arthrospira showing an antiviral potential and more particularly anti-SARS-CoV-2. Using consensus docking and redocking with Autodock Vina and SwissDock, we were able to identify several promising molecules from Arthrospira: phycocyanobilin, phycoerythrobilin, phycourobilin, and folic acid. These four compounds showed reliable binding energies comprised between - 6.95 and - 7.45 kcal.mol-1 in Autodock Vina and between - 9.285 and - 10.35 kcal.mol-1 with SwissDock. Toxicity prediction as well as current regulations provided promising arguments for the inclusion of these compounds in further studies to assess their ability to compete with the SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 complex both in vitro and in vivo. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10811-021-02372-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léna Petit
- Algama, 81 rue Réaumur, 75002 Paris, France
| | - Léa Vernès
- Algama, 81 rue Réaumur, 75002 Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Akimoto S, Ueno Y, Yokono M, Shen JR, Nagao R. Adaptation of light-harvesting and energy-transfer processes of a diatom Chaetoceros gracilis to different light qualities. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:87-93. [PMID: 31970552 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are a major group of microalgae in marine and freshwater environments. To utilize the light energy in blue to green region, diatoms possess unique antenna pigment-protein complexes, fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins (FCPs). Depending on light qualities and quantities, diatoms form FCPs with different energies: normal-type and red-shifted FCPs. In the present study, we examined changes in light-harvesting and energy-transfer processes of a diatom Chaetoceros gracilis cells grown using white- and single-colored light-emitting diodes (LEDs), by means of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The blue LED, which is harvested by FCPs, modified energy transfer involving CP47, and suppressed energy transfer to PSI. Under the red-LED conditions, which is absorbed by both FCPs and PSs, energy transfer to PSI was enhanced, and the red-shifted FCP appeared. The red-shifted FCP was also recognized under the green- and yellow-LEDs, suggesting that lack of the shorter-wavelength light induces the red-shifted FCP. Functions of the red-shifted FCPs are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Innovation Center, Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd, Atsugi, 243-0041, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tanabe M, Ueno Y, Yokono M, Shen JR, Nagao R, Akimoto S. Changes in excitation relaxation of diatoms in response to fluctuating light, probed by fluorescence spectroscopies. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:143-150. [PMID: 32067138 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A marine pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Pt) and a marine centric diatom Chaetoceros gracilis (Cg) possess unique light-harvesting complexes, fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins (FCPs). FCPs have dual functions: light harvesting in the blue to green regions and quenching of excess energy. So far, excitation dynamics including FCPs have been studied by altering continuous light conditions. In the present study, we examined responses of the diatom cells to fluctuating light (FL) conditions. Excitation dynamics in the cells incubated under the FL conditions were analyzed by time-resolved fluorescence measurements followed by global analysis. As responses common to the Pt and Cg cells, quenching behaviors were observed in photosystem (PS) II with time constants of hundreds of picoseconds. The PSII → PSI energy transfer was modified only in the Pt cells, whereas quenching in FCPs was suggested only in the Cg cells, indicating different strategy for the dissipation of excess energy under the FL conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Tanabe
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Innovation Center, Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Atsugi, 243-0041, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Oka K, Ueno Y, Yokono M, Shen JR, Nagao R, Akimoto S. Adaptation of light-harvesting and energy-transfer processes of a diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to different light qualities. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:227-234. [PMID: 31965467 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin-chlorophyll (Chl) a/c-binding proteins (FCPs) are light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes found in diatoms and brown algae. Due to the characteristic pigments, such as fucoxanthin and Chl c, FCPs can capture light energy in blue-to green regions. A pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum synthesizes a red-shifted form of FCP under weak or red light, extending a light-absorption ability to longer wavelengths. In the present study, we examined changes in light-harvesting and energy-transfer processes of P. tricornutum cells grown under white- and single-colored light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The red-shifted FCP appears in the cells grown under the green, yellow, and red LEDs, and exhibited a fluorescence peak around 714 nm. Additional energy-transfer pathways are established in the red-shifted FCP; two forms (F713 and F718) of low-energy Chl a work as energy traps at 77 K. Averaged fluorescence lifetimes are prolonged in the cells grown under the yellow and red LEDs, whereas they are shortened in the blue-LED-grown cells. Based on these results, we discussed the light-adaptation machinery of P. tricornutum cells involved in the red-shifted FCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Oka
- Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Innovation Center, Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd, Atsugi, 243-0041, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Molecular organizations and function of iron-stress-induced-A protein family in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148327. [PMID: 33069682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Iron-stress-induced-A proteins (IsiAs) are expressed in cyanobacteria under iron-deficient conditions, and surround photosystem I (PSI) trimer with a ring formation. A cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 has four isiA genes; however, it is unknown how the IsiAs are associated with PSI. Here we report on molecular organizations and function of the IsiAs in this cyanobacterium. A deletion mutant of the isiA1 gene was constructed, and the four types of thylakoids were prepared from the wild-type (WT) and ΔisiA1 cells under iron-replete (+Fe) and iron-deficient (-Fe) conditions. Immunoblotting analysis exhibits a clear expression of the IsiA1 in the WT-Fe. The PSI-IsiA1 supercomplex is found in the WT-Fe, and excitation-energy transfer from IsiA1 to PSI is verified by time-resolved fluorescence analyses. Instead of the IsiA1, both IsiA2 and IsiA3 are bound to PSI monomer in the ΔisiA1-Fe. These findings provide insights into multiple-expression system of the IsiA family in this cyanobacterium.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sivasankari S, Vinoth M, Ravindran D, Baskar K, Alqarawi AA, Abd Allah EF. Efficacy of red light for enhanced cell disruption and fluorescence intensity of phycocyanin. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:141-150. [PMID: 32886233 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, red LED and urea used as light and nitrogen sources, respectively, for the cultivation of Spirulina to enhance the fluorescence property and purity of phycocyanin. Besides, there is a high concentration of phycocyanin leached out from red light (RL) grown cells than white light (WL) without cell disruption. This type of cultivation reduces the complexity of extraction methods and cost of the downstream process. The fluorescence intensity of C-PC enhanced while using red LEDs and purity ratio improved by single-step cation exchange chromatography. Phycocyanin from red-light-exposed culture exhibited pronounced antibacterial activity against bacteria. The hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of C-PC (93.7%) is higher than the WL cultures (88.8%). Phycocyanin from RL culture exhibited a strong antiproliferative activity (64.1%) against HeLa cancer cell line. The present study aims to analyze the influence of red light and urea on enhancing the phycocyanin production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivaprakasam Sivasankari
- Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-DU, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, 624302, India.
| | - Mani Vinoth
- Research Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620020, India
| | - David Ravindran
- Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-DU, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, 624302, India.
| | - Kathirvelu Baskar
- Department of Ecotoxicology and Genetic Toxicology, Ross Lifescience Pvt., Ltd., Pune, Maharastra, 411026, India.
| | - Abdulaziz A Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Investigations of the Energy Transfer in the Phycobilisome Antenna of Arthrospira platensis Using Femtosecond Spectroscopy. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the energy transfer in phycobilisomes extracted from cyanobacteria can be used for building biomimetic hybrid systems for optimized solar energy collection and photocurrent amplification. In this paper, we applied time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy to investigate the ultrafast dynamics in a hemidiscoidal phycobilisome obtained from Arthrospira platensis. We obtained the steady-state and time-resolved optical properties and identified the possible pathways of the excitation energy transfer in the phycobilisome and its components, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin. The transient absorption data were studied using global analysis and revealed the existence of ultrafast kinetics down to 850 fs in the phycobilisome. The fluorescence lifetimes in the nanosecond time-scale assigned to the final emitters in each sample were obtained from the time-correlated single photon counting fluorescence experiments.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ueno Y, Shimakawa G, Aikawa S, Miyake C, Akimoto S. Photoprotection mechanisms under different CO 2 regimes during photosynthesis in a green alga Chlorella variabilis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 144:397-407. [PMID: 32377933 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy via electron transport and assimilates CO2 in the Calvin-Benson cycle with the chemical energy. Thus, high light and low CO2 conditions induce the accumulation of electrons in the photosynthetic electron transport system, resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species. To prevent the accumulation of electrons, oxygenic photosynthetic organisms have developed photoprotection mechanisms, including non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and alternative electron flow (AEF). There are diverse molecular mechanisms underlying NPQ and AEF, and the corresponding molecular actors have been identified and characterized using a model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In contrast, detailed information about the photoprotection mechanisms is lacking for other green algal species. In the current study, we examined the photoprotection mechanisms responsive to CO2 in the green alga Chlorella variabilis by combining the analyses of pulse-amplitude-modulated fluorescence, O2 evolution, and the steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectra. Under the CO2-limited condition, ΔpH-dependent NPQ occurred in photosystems I and II. Moreover, O2-dependent AEF was also induced. Under the CO2-limited condition with carbon supplementation, NPQ was relaxed and light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex II was isolated from both photosystems. In C. variabilis, the O2-dependent AEF and the mechanisms that instantly convert the light-harvesting functions of both photosystems may be important for maintaining efficient photosynthetic activities under various CO2 conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Shimpei Aikawa
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nagao R, Yokono M, Ueno Y, Shen JR, Akimoto S. Acidic pH-Induced Modification of Energy Transfer in Diatom Fucoxanthin Chlorophyll a/c-Binding Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4919-4923. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
C-phycocyanin extraction from two freshwater cyanobacteria by freeze thaw and pulsed electric field techniques to improve extraction efficiency and purity. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
29
|
Nagao R, Yokono M, Ueno Y, Jiang TY, Shen JR, Akimoto S. pH-Induced Regulation of Excitation Energy Transfer in the Cyanobacterial Photosystem I Tetramer. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:1949-1954. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Innovation Center, Nippon Flour Mills Company, Ltd., Atsugi 243-0041, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tian-Yi Jiang
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nagao R, Yokono M, Ueno Y, Shen JR, Akimoto S. Excitation-Energy Transfer and Quenching in Diatom PSI-FCPI upon P700 Cation Formation. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:1481-1486. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Innovation Center, Nippon Flour Mills Company Ltd., Atsugi 243-0041, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
García-López DA, Olguín EJ, González-Portela RE, Sánchez-Galván G, De Philippis R, Lovitt RW, Llewellyn CA, Fuentes-Grünewald C, Parra Saldívar R. A novel two-phase bioprocess for the production of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima LJGR1 at pilot plant scale during different seasons and for phycocyanin induction under controlled conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122548. [PMID: 31837580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A two-phase outdoor cultivation bioprocess for Arthrospira maxima LJGR1 combined with phycocyanin induction in concentrated cultures under controlled conditions was evaluated using a modified low-cost Zarrouk medium. Growth was monitored during 4 cycles in 2018 and 4 cycles in 2019. Biomass was harvested and concentrated using membrane technology at the end of each cycle for further phycocyanin induction using blue LED light (controlled conditions, 24 h). The highest biomass productivity was observed during spring and summer cycles (13.63-18.97 gDWm-2 d-1); during mid-fall and mid-end fall, a decrease was observed (9.93-7.76 gDWm-2 d-1). Under favorable growth conditions, phycocyanin induction was successful. However, during cycles with unfavorable growth condition, phycocyanin induction was not observed. Reactive-grade phycocyanin (3.72 ± 0.14) was recovered and purified using microfiltration and ultrafiltration technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A García-López
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Institute of Ecology (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico
| | - E J Olguín
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Institute of Ecology (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico.
| | - R E González-Portela
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Institute of Ecology (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico
| | - G Sánchez-Galván
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Institute of Ecology (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico
| | - R De Philippis
- Department of Agriculture, Environment, Food and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, Florence 50144, Italy
| | - R W Lovitt
- Membranology Ltd., Swansea Enterprise Park, Rainbow Business Centre, Llansamlet, Swansea, Wales SA79PF, United Kingdom
| | - C A Llewellyn
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales SA28PP, United Kingdom
| | - C Fuentes-Grünewald
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales SA28PP, United Kingdom
| | - R Parra Saldívar
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guerra V, Rufo J, Rabadan J, Perez-Jimenez R. Effect of moving microalgae on underwater wireless optical links. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:515-520. [PMID: 32225328 DOI: 10.1364/ao.379436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Underwater wireless optical communications is a promising technique for addressing short-range data networks, as it provides cost, performance, and complexity improvements as compared with other alternatives, such as acoustic communications or radio frequency links. It is a part of the optical wireless communications research area, since for these applications, broad optical sources such as visible LED lamps can be used. Unless those links are designed for short distances (about 1 m, as in data-muling services on internet-of-things submerged systems), they are still severely affected by channel perturbations, such as scattering due to the presence of particles. This effect is particularly important when considering sensing applications for algae or aquaculture farming, which are becoming a crucial economic resource in many maritime areas. In this work, the effects of moving microalgae on underwater short-range optical links are studied so as to estimate a model for this scattering under dynamic conditions. The statistical parameters over experimentally measured received signal level and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are calculated, and the experimental setup is described. Results show that in clear water (no-algae scenario), the water-pump-induced movement effect over the mean and variance of the received optical power can be neglected, while when microalgae are present, the average optical power value decreases and the variance increases with all measured wavelengths. Finally, the SNR penalty due to the movement of microalgae is statistically evaluated.
Collapse
|
33
|
Toyoshima M, Toya Y, Shimizu H. Flux balance analysis of cyanobacteria reveals selective use of photosynthetic electron transport components under different spectral light conditions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 143:31-43. [PMID: 31625072 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria acclimate and adapt to changing light conditions by controlling the energy transfer between photosystem I (PSI) and II (PSII) and pigment composition. Photosynthesis is driven by balancing the excitation between PSI and PSII. To predict the detailed electron transfer flux of cyanobacteria, we refined the photosynthesis-related reactions in our previously reconstructed genome-scale model. Two photosynthetic bacteria, Arthrospira and Synechocystis, were used as models. They were grown under various spectral light conditions and flux balance analysis (FBA) was performed using photon uptake fluxes into PSI and PSII, which were converted from each light spectrum by considering the photoacclimation of pigments and the distribution ratio of phycobilisome to PSI and PSII. In Arthrospira, the FBA was verified with experimental data using six types of light-emitting diodes (White, Blue, Green, Yellow, Red1, and Red2). FBA predicted the cell growth of Synechocystis for the LEDs, excepting Red2. In an FBA simulation, cells used respiratory terminal oxidases and two NADH dehydrogenases (NDH-1 and NDH-2) to balance the PSI and PSII excitations depending on the light conditions. FBA simulation with our refined model functionally implicated NDH-1 and NDH-2 as a component of cyclic electron transport in the varied light environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Toyoshima
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Toya
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hasunuma T, Takaki A, Matsuda M, Kato Y, Vavricka CJ, Kondo A. Single-Stage Astaxanthin Production Enhances the Nonmevalonate Pathway and Photosynthetic Central Metabolism in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:2701-2709. [PMID: 31653173 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The natural pigment astaxanthin is widely used in aquaculture, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries due to superior antioxidant properties. The green alga Haematococcus pluvialis is currently used for commercial production of astaxanthin pigment. However, slow growing H. pluvialis requires a complex two-stage stress-induced process with high light intensity leading to increased contamination risks. In contrast, the fast-growing euryhaline cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (Synechococcus 7002) is able to reach high density under stress-free phototrophic conditions, and is therefore a promising metabolic engineering platform for astaxanthin production. In the present study, genes encoding β-carotene hydroxylase and β-carotene ketolase, from the marine bacterium Brevundimonas sp. SD212, are integrated into the endogenous plasmid of Synechococcus 7002, and then expressed to biosynthesize astaxanthin. Although Synechococcus 7002 does not inherently produce astaxanthin, the recombinant ZW strain yields 3 mg/g dry cell weight astaxanthin from CO2 as the sole carbon source, with significantly higher astaxanthin content than previous cyanobacteria reports. Synechococcus 7002 astaxanthin productivity reached 3.35 mg/L/day after just 2 days in a continuous autotrophic process, which is comparable to the best H. pluvialis astaxanthin productivities when factoring in growth times. Metabolomics analysis reveals increases in fractions of hexose-, pentose-, and triose phosphates along with intermediates involved in the nonmevalonate pathway. Dynamic metabolomics analysis of 13C labeled metabolites clearly indicates flux enhancements in the Calvin cycle and glycolysis resulting from the overexpression of astaxanthin biosynthetic genes. This study suggests that cyanobacteria may enhance central metabolism as well as the nonmevalonate pathway in an attempt to replenish depleted pigments such as β-carotene and zeaxanthin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ayako Takaki
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mami Matsuda
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kato
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Christopher J. Vavricka
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro,
Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ueno Y, Nagao R, Shen JR, Akimoto S. Spectral Properties and Excitation Relaxation of Novel Fucoxanthin Chlorophyll a/ c-Binding Protein Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5148-5152. [PMID: 31424938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins (FCPs) are unique light harvesters for some photosynthetic organisms. There were several reports for the alterations of FCPs in response to light conditions. Here, we present the spectral profiles and excitation dynamics of novel FCP complexes isolated from the diatom Chaetoceros gracilis. Under a red-light condition, C. gracilis cells expressed three types of FCP complexes, two of which are very similar to FCP complexes found in the white-light grown cells, and one of which is the novel FCP complex. The combination of steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectra and time-resolved fluorescence spectra revealed that, compared to other types of FCP complexes, the novel FCP complexes exhibited red-shifted absorption and fluorescence spectra and fast decay of excitation. This finding will provide new insights into not only the light-harvesting strategies of diatoms but also the diversity of light adaptation machinery for photosynthetic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nagao R, Ueno Y, Yokono M, Shen JR, Akimoto S. Effects of excess light energy on excitation-energy dynamics in a pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 141:355-365. [PMID: 30993504 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling excitation energy flow is a fundamental ability of photosynthetic organisms to keep a better performance of photosynthesis. Among the organisms, diatoms have unique light-harvesting complexes, fucoxanthin chlorophyll (Chl) a/c-binding proteins. We have recently investigated light-adaptation mechanisms of a marine centric diatom, Chaetoceros gracilis, by spectroscopic techniques. However, it remains unclear how pennate diatoms regulate excitation energy under different growth light conditions. Here, we studied light-adaptation mechanisms in a marine pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum grown at 30 µmol photons m-2 s-1 and further incubated for 24 h either in the dark, or at 30 or 300 µmol photons m-2 s-1 light intensity, by time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) spectroscopy. The high-light incubated cells showed no detectable oxygen-evolving activity of photosystem II, indicating the occurrence of a severe photodamage. The photodamaged cells showed alterations of steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectra and TRF spectra compared with the dark and low-light adapted cells. In particular, excitation-energy quenching is significantly accelerated in the photodamaged cells as shown by mean lifetime analysis of the Chl fluorescence. These spectral changes by the high-light treatment may result from arrangements of pigment-protein complexes to maintain the photosynthetic performance under excess light illumination. These growth-light dependent spectral properties in P. tricornutum are largely different from those in C. gracilis, thus providing insights into the different light-adaptation mechanisms between the pennate and centric diatoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd, Innovation Center, Atsugi, 243-0041, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nagao R, Yokono M, Ueno Y, Shen JR, Akimoto S. pH-Sensing Machinery of Excitation Energy Transfer in Diatom PSI-FCPI Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3531-3535. [PMID: 31192608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Excitation energy-transfer processes in photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes are strongly affected by the surrounding environments of pigments. Here we report on the effects of pH changes on excitation energy dynamics in both diatom photosystem I-fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/ c-binding protein (PSI-FCPI) and PSI core complexes by means of fluorescence spectroscopies. The steady-state fluorescence spectra of the PSI-FCPI showed similar features among three samples at pH 5.0, 6.5, and 8.0. However, fluorescence decay-associated spectra of the pH 5.0- and 8.0-adapted PSI-FCPI within 100 ps exhibit peak shifts to longer and shorter wavelengths, respectively, than the peaks in the pH 6.5 spectra. Because such spectral changes hardly occur in the PSI complexes, the peak shifts at pH 5.0 and 8.0 in the PSI-FCPI can be ascribed to alterations of pigment-pigment and/or pigment-protein interactions around/within FCPI caused by the pH changes. These findings provide novel physical insights into the pH-sensing light-harvesting strategy in diatom PSI-FCPI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Innovation Center , Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd. , Atsugi 243-0041 , Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science , Kobe University , Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science , Kobe University , Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chukhutsina VU, Holzwarth AR, Croce R. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements on leaves: principles and recent developments. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:355-369. [PMID: 30478711 PMCID: PMC6509100 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis starts when a pigment in the photosynthetic antennae absorbs a photon. The electronic excitation energy is then transferred through the network of light-harvesting pigments to special chlorophyll (Chl) molecules in the reaction centres, where electron transfer is initiated. Energy transfer and primary electron transfer processes take place on timescales ranging from femtoseconds to nanoseconds, and can be monitored in real time via time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. This method is widely used for measurements on unicellular photosynthetic organisms, isolated photosynthetic membranes, and individual complexes. Measurements on intact leaves remain a challenge due to their high structural heterogeneity, high scattering, and high optical density, which can lead to optical artefacts. However, detailed information on the dynamics of these early steps, and the underlying structure-function relationships, is highly informative and urgently required in order to get deeper insights into the physiological regulation mechanisms of primary photosynthesis. Here, we describe a current methodology of time-resolved fluorescence measurements on intact leaves in the picosecond to nanosecond time range. Principles of fluorescence measurements on intact leaves, possible sources of alterations of fluorescence kinetics and the ways to overcome them are addressed. We also describe how our understanding of the organisation and function of photosynthetic proteins and energy flow dynamics in intact leaves can be enriched through the application of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy on leaves. For that, an example of a measurement on Zea mays leaves is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volha U Chukhutsina
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and LaserLaB Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred R Holzwarth
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and LaserLaB Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and LaserLaB Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ueno Y, Aikawa S, Kondo A, Akimoto S. Adaptation of light-harvesting functions of unicellular green algae to different light qualities. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:145-154. [PMID: 29808364 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms perform photosynthesis efficiently by distributing captured light energy to photosystems (PSs) at an appropriate balance. Maintaining photosynthetic efficiency under changing light conditions requires modification of light-harvesting and energy-transfer processes. In the current study, we examined how green algae regulate their light-harvesting functions in response to different light qualities. We measured low-temperature time-resolved fluorescence spectra of unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella variabilis cells grown under different light qualities. By observing the delayed fluorescence spectra, we demonstrated that both types of green algae primarily modified the associations between light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complexes (LHCs) and PSs (PSII and PSI). Under blue light, Chlamydomonas transferred more energy from LHC to chlorophyll (Chl) located far from the PSII reaction center, while energy was transferred from LHC to PSI via different energy-transfer pathways in Chlorella. Under green light, both green algae exhibited enhanced energy transfer from LHCs to both PSs. Red light induced fluorescence quenching within PSs in Chlamydomonas and LHCs in Chlorella. In Chlorella, energy transfer from PSII to PSI appears to play an important role in balancing excitation between PSII and PSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shimpei Aikawa
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kubota-Kawai H, Burton-Smith RN, Tokutsu R, Song C, Akimoto S, Yokono M, Ueno Y, Kim E, Watanabe A, Murata K, Minagawa J. Ten antenna proteins are associated with the core in the supramolecular organization of the photosystem I supercomplex in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4304-4314. [PMID: 30670590 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a large pigment-protein complex mediating light-driven charge separation and generating a highly negative redox potential, which is eventually utilized to produce organic matter. In plants and algae, PSI possesses outer antennae, termed light-harvesting complex I (LHCI), which increase the energy flux to the reaction center. The number of outer antennae for PSI in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is known to be larger than that of land plants. However, their exact number and location remain to be elucidated. Here, applying a newly established sample purification procedure, we isolated a highly pure PSI-LHCI supercomplex containing all nine LHCA gene products under state 1 conditions. Single-particle cryo-EM revealed the 3D structure of this supercomplex at 6.9 Å resolution, in which the densities near the PsaF and PsaJ subunits were assigned to two layers of LHCI belts containing eight LHCIs, whereas the densities between the PsaG and PsaH subunits on the opposite side of the LHCI belt were assigned to two extra LHCIs. Using single-particle cryo-EM, we also determined the 2D projection map of the lhca2 mutant, which confirmed the assignment of LHCA2 and LHCA9 to the densities between PsaG and PsaH. Spectroscopic measurements of the PSI-LHCI supercomplex suggested that the bound LHCA2 and LHCA9 proteins have the ability to increase the light-harvesting energy for PSI. We conclude that the PSI in C. reinhardtii has a larger and more distinct outer-antenna organization and higher light-harvesting capability than that in land plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Kubota-Kawai
- From the Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Raymond N Burton-Smith
- From the Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- From the Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,the Departments of Basic Biology and
| | - Chihong Song
- the National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- the Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan, and
| | - Makio Yokono
- the Innovation Center, Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Atsugi 243-0041, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- the Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan, and
| | - Eunchul Kim
- From the Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Akimasa Watanabe
- From the Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,the Departments of Basic Biology and
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- the National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.,Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- From the Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,the Departments of Basic Biology and
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nagao R, Yokono M, Ueno Y, Shen JR, Akimoto S. Low-Energy Chlorophylls in Fucoxanthin Chlorophyll a/c-Binding Protein Conduct Excitation Energy Transfer to Photosystem I in Diatoms. J Phys Chem B 2018; 123:66-70. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Innovation Center, Atsugi 243-0041, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Enhanced B-phycoerythrin production by the red microalga Porphyridium marinum: A powerful agent in industrial applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:2106-2114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
43
|
Gaignard C, Gargouch N, Dubessay P, Delattre C, Pierre G, Laroche C, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S, Michaud P. New horizons in culture and valorization of red microalgae. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 37:193-222. [PMID: 30500354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Research on marine microalgae has been abundantly published and patented these last years leading to the production and/or the characterization of some biomolecules such as pigments, proteins, enzymes, biofuels, polyunsaturated fatty acids, enzymes and hydrocolloids. This literature focusing on metabolic pathways, structural characterization of biomolecules, taxonomy, optimization of culture conditions, biorefinery and downstream process is often optimistic considering the valorization of these biocompounds. However, the accumulation of knowledge associated with the development of processes and technologies for biomass production and its treatment has sometimes led to success in the commercial arena. In the history of the microalgae market, red marine microalgae are well positioned particularly for applications in the field of high value pigment and hydrocolloid productions. This review aims to establish the state of the art of the diversity of red marine microalgae, the advances in characterization of their metabolites and the developments of bioprocesses to produce this biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clement Gaignard
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nesrine Gargouch
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales appliquées à l'amélioration des cultures, Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Pascal Dubessay
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cedric Delattre
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Celine Laroche
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales appliquées à l'amélioration des cultures, Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Alterations of pigment composition and their interactions in response to different light conditions in the diatom Chaetoceros gracilis probed by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:524-530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
45
|
LHCSR1-dependent fluorescence quenching is mediated by excitation energy transfer from LHCII to photosystem I in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:3722-3727. [PMID: 29555769 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720574115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms are frequently exposed to light intensities that surpass the photosynthetic electron transport capacity. Under these conditions, the excess absorbed energy can be transferred from excited chlorophyll in the triplet state (3Chl*) to molecular O2, which leads to the production of harmful reactive oxygen species. To avoid this photooxidative stress, photosynthetic organisms must respond to excess light. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the fastest response to high light is nonphotochemical quenching, a process that allows safe dissipation of the excess energy as heat. The two proteins, UV-inducible LHCSR1 and blue light-inducible LHCSR3, appear to be responsible for this function. While the LHCSR3 protein has been intensively studied, the role of LHCSR1 has been only partially elucidated. To investigate the molecular functions of LHCSR1 in C. reinhardtii, we performed biochemical and spectroscopic experiments and found that the protein mediates excitation energy transfer from light-harvesting complexes for Photosystem II (LHCII) to Photosystem I (PSI), rather than Photosystem II, at a low pH. This altered excitation transfer allows remarkable fluorescence quenching under high light. Our findings suggest that there is a PSI-dependent photoprotection mechanism that is facilitated by LHCSR1.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ueno Y, Shimakawa G, Miyake C, Akimoto S. Light-Harvesting Strategy during CO 2-Dependent Photosynthesis in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1028-1033. [PMID: 29425442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To maximize the efficiency of photosynthesis, photosynthetic organisms must properly balance their light-harvesting ability and CO2 utilization. However, the molecular mechanisms of light harvesting under various CO2 conditions remain unclear. To reveal these mechanisms, we performed new analysis on cells of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under different CO2 conditions. The analysis combines three kinds of fluorometries: pulse-amplitude modulated fluorescence, steady-state fluorescence with absolute intensity, and time-resolved fluorescence. Under low CO2 conditions, the main regulatory mechanism was migration of a light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex (LHC) II from photosystem (PS) II to PSI. However, under CO2-deficient conditions with carbon supplementation, some of the LHCII separated from the PSI and aggregated with quenching. These different light-harvesting abilities of LHCII may play an important role in the regulation of light harvesting in C. reinhardtii under various CO2 conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University , Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University , Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kim E, Akimoto S, Tokutsu R, Yokono M, Minagawa J. Fluorescence lifetime analyses reveal how the high light-responsive protein LHCSR3 transforms PSII light-harvesting complexes into an energy-dissipative state. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18951-18960. [PMID: 28972177 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.805192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In green algae, light-harvesting complex stress-related 3 (LHCSR3) is responsible for the pH-dependent dissipation of absorbed light energy, a function vital for survival under high-light conditions. LHCSR3 binds the photosystem II and light-harvesting complex II (PSII-LHCII) supercomplex and transforms it into an energy-dissipative form under acidic conditions, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here we show that in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, LHCSR3 modulates the excitation energy flow and dissipates the excitation energy within the light-harvesting complexes of the PSII supercomplex. Using fluorescence decay-associated spectra analysis, we found that, when the PSII supercomplex is associated with LHCSR3 under high-light conditions, excitation energy transfer from light-harvesting complexes to chlorophyll-binding protein CP43 is selectively inhibited compared with that to CP47, preventing excess excitation energy from overloading the reaction center. By analyzing femtosecond up-conversion fluorescence kinetics, we further found that pH- and LHCSR3-dependent quenching of the PSII-LHCII-LHCSR3 supercomplex is accompanied by a fluorescence emission centered at 684 nm, with a decay time constant of 18.6 ps, which is equivalent to the rise time constant of the lutein radical cation generated within a chlorophyll-lutein heterodimer. These results suggest a mechanism in which LHCSR3 transforms the PSII supercomplex into an energy-dissipative state and provide critical insight into the molecular events and characteristics in LHCSR3-dependent energy quenching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunchul Kim
- From the Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- the Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, and
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- From the Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585
| | - Makio Yokono
- the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- From the Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585,
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hamada F, Murakami A, Akimoto S. Adaptation of Divinyl Chlorophyll a/b-Containing Cyanobacterium to Different Light Conditions: Three Strains of Prochlorococcus marinus. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9081-9090. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Hamada
- Graduate
School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akio Murakami
- Graduate
School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Awaji 656-2401, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate
School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ueno Y, Aikawa S, Niwa K, Abe T, Murakami A, Kondo A, Akimoto S. Variety in excitation energy transfer processes from phycobilisomes to photosystems I and II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:235-243. [PMID: 28185041 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The light-harvesting antennas of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms capture light energy and transfer it to the reaction centers of their photosystems. The light-harvesting antennas of cyanobacteria and red algae, called phycobilisomes (PBSs), supply light energy to both photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). However, the excitation energy transfer processes from PBS to PSI and PSII are not understood in detail. In the present study, the energy transfer processes from PBS to PSs in various cyanobacteria and red algae were examined in vivo by selectively exciting their PSs or PBSs, and measuring the resulting picosecond to nanosecond time-resolved fluorescences. By observing the delayed fluorescence spectrum of PBS-selective excitation in Arthrospira platensis, we demonstrated that energy transfer from PBS to PSI via PSII (PBS→PSII→PSI transfer) occurs even for PSI trimers. The contribution of PBS→PSII→PSI transfer was species dependent, being largest in the wild-type of red alga Pyropia yezoensis (formerly Porphyra yezoensis) and smallest in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Comparing the time-resolved fluorescence after PSs- and PBS-selective excitation, we revealed that light energy flows from CP43 to CP47 by energy transfer between the neighboring PSII monomers in PBS-PSII supercomplexes. We also suggest two pathways of energy transfer: direct energy transfer from PBS to PSI (PBS→PSI transfer) and indirect transfer through PSII (PBS→PSII→PSI transfer). We also infer that PBS→PSI transfer conveys light energy to a lower-energy red chlorophyll than PBS→PSII→PSI transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shimpei Aikawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Niwa
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Akashi, Hyogo, 674-0093, Japan
| | - Tomoko Abe
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akio Murakami
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Awaji, 656-2401, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Onishi A, Aikawa S, Kondo A, Akimoto S. Energy transfer in Anabaena variabilis filaments adapted to nitrogen-depleted and nitrogen-enriched conditions studied by time-resolved fluorescence. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:317-326. [PMID: 28210833 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is among the most important nutritious elements for photosynthetic organisms such as plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Therefore, nitrogen depletion severely compromises the growth, development, and photosynthesis of these organisms. To preserve their integrity under nitrogen-depleted conditions, filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria reduce atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, and self-adapt by regulating their light-harvesting and excitation energy-transfer processes. To investigate the changes in the primary processes of photosynthesis, we measured the steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectra and time-resolved fluorescence spectra (TRFS) of whole filaments of the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis at 77 K. The filaments were grown in standard and nitrogen-free media for 6 months. The TRFS were measured with a picosecond time-correlated single photon counting system. Despite the phycobilisome degradation, the energy-transfer paths within phycobilisome and from phycobilisome to both photosystems were maintained. However, the energy transfer from photosystem II to photosystem I was suppressed and a specific red chlorophyll band appeared under the nitrogen-depleted condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Onishi
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shimpei Aikawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|