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Gelzinis A, Chmeliov J, Tutkus M, Vitulskienė E, Franckevičius M, Büchel C, Robert B, Valkunas L. Fluorescence quenching in aggregates of fucoxanthin-chlorophyll protein complexes: Interplay of fluorescing and dark states. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149030. [PMID: 38163538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.149030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Diatoms, a major group of algae, account for about a quarter of the global primary production on Earth. These photosynthetic organisms face significant challenges due to light intensity variations in their underwater habitat. To avoid photodamage, they have developed very efficient non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanisms. These mechanisms originate in their light-harvesting antenna - the fucoxanthin-chlorophyll protein (FCP) complexes. Spectroscopic studies of NPQ in vivo are often hindered by strongly overlapping signals from the photosystems and their antennae. Fortunately, in vitro FCP aggregates constitute a useful model system to study fluorescence (FL) quenching in diatoms. In this work, we present streak-camera FL measurements on FCPa and FCPb complexes, isolated from a centric diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana, and their aggregates. We find that spectra of non-aggregated FCP are dominated by a single fluorescing species, but the FL spectra of FCP aggregates additionally contain contributions from a redshifted emissive state. We relate this red state to a charge transfer state between chlorophyll c and chlorophyll a molecules. The FL quenching, on the other hand, is due to an additional dark state that involves incoherent energy transfer to the fucoxanthin carotenoids. Overall, the global picture of energy transfer and quenching in FCP aggregates is very similar to that of major light-harvesting complexes in higher plants (LHCII), but microscopic details between FCPs and LHCIIs differ significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrius Gelzinis
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 9-III, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jevgenij Chmeliov
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 9-III, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marijonas Tutkus
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ernesta Vitulskienė
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marius Franckevičius
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bruno Robert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Leonas Valkunas
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 9-III, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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2
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Maity S, Daskalakis V, Jansen TLC, Kleinekathöfer U. Electric Field Susceptibility of Chlorophyll c Leads to Unexpected Excitation Dynamics in the Major Light-Harvesting Complex of Diatoms. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2499-2510. [PMID: 38410961 PMCID: PMC10926154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Diatoms are one of the most abundant photosynthetic organisms on earth and contribute largely to atmospheric oxygen production. They contain fucoxanthin and chlorophyll-a/c binding proteins (FCPs) as light-harvesting complexes with a remarkable adaptation to the fluctuating light on ocean surfaces. To understand the basis of the photosynthetic process in diatoms, the excitation energy funneling within FCPs must be probed. A state-of-the-art multiscale analysis within a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics framework has been employed. To this end, the chlorophyll (Chl) excitation energies within the FCP complex from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum have been determined. The Chl-c excitation energies were found to be 5-fold more susceptible to electric fields than those of Chl-a pigments and thus are significantly lower in FCP than in organic solvents. This finding challenges the general belief that the excitation energy of Chl-c is always higher than that of Chl-a in FCP proteins and reveals that Chl-c molecules are much more sensitive to electric fields within protein scaffolds than in Chl-a pigments. The analysis of the linear absorption spectrum and the two-dimensional electronic spectra of the FCP complex strongly supports these findings and allows us to study the excitation transfer within the FCP complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Maity
- School
of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Vangelis Daskalakis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering,
University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
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3
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Feng Y, Li Z, Li X, Shen L, Liu X, Zhou C, Zhang J, Sang M, Han G, Yang W, Kuang T, Wang W, Shen JR. Structure of a diatom photosystem II supercomplex containing a member of Lhcx family and dimeric FCPII. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi8446. [PMID: 37878698 PMCID: PMC10599620 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi8446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms rely on fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins (FCPs) for their great success in oceans, which have a great diversity in their pigment, protein compositions, and subunit organizations. We report a unique structure of photosystem II (PSII)-FCPII supercomplex from Thalassiosira pseudonana at 2.68-Å resolution by cryo-electron microscopy. FCPIIs within this PSII-FCPII supercomplex exist in dimers and monomers, and a homodimer and a heterodimer were found to bind to a PSII core. The FCPII homodimer is formed by Lhcf7 and associates with PSII through an Lhcx family antenna Lhcx6_1, whereas the heterodimer is formed by Lhcf6 and Lhcf11 and connects to the core together with an Lhcf5 monomer through Lhca2 monomer. An extended pigment network consisting of diatoxanthins, diadinoxanthins, fucoxanthins, and chlorophylls a/c is revealed, which functions in efficient light harvesting, energy transfer, and dissipation. These results provide a structural basis for revealing the energy transfer and dissipation mechanisms and also for the structural diversity of FCP antennas in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Feng
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueyang Liu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cuicui Zhou
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Sang
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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4
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Jiang EY, Fan Y, Phung NV, Xia WY, Hu GR, Li FL. Overexpression of plastid lipid-associated protein in marine diatom enhances the xanthophyll synthesis and storage. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1143017. [PMID: 37152729 PMCID: PMC10160619 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1143017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastoglobules, which are lipoprotein structures surrounded by a single hydrophobic phospholipid membrane, are subcellular organelles in plant chromoplasts and chloroplasts. They contain neutral lipids, tocopherols, quinones, chlorophyll metabolites, carotenoids and their derivatives. Proteomic studies indicated that plastoglobules are involved in carotenoid metabolism and storage. In this study, one of the plastid lipid-associated proteins (PAP), the major protein in plastoglobules, was selected and overexpressed in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The diameter of the plastoglobules in mutants was decreased by a mean of 19.2% versus the wild-type, while the fucoxanthin level was increased by a mean of 51.2%. All mutants exhibited morphological differences from the wild-type, including a prominent increase in the transverse diameter. Moreover, the unsaturated fatty acid levels were increased in different mutants, including an 18.9-59.3% increase in eicosapentaenoic acid content. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PAP expression and the morphological changes altered xanthophyll synthesis and storage, which affected the assembly of the fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding protein and expression of antenna proteins as well as reduced the non-photochemical quenching activity of diatom cells. Therefore, metabolic regulation at the suborganelle level can be achieved by modulating PAP expression. These findings provide a subcellular structural site and target for synthetic biology to modify pigment and lipid metabolism in microalgae chassis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Ying Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Fan,
| | - Nghi-Van Phung
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wan-Yue Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang-Rong Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu-Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- Fu-Li Li,
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5
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Giovagnetti V, Jaubert M, Shukla MK, Ungerer P, Bouly JP, Falciatore A, Ruban AV. Biochemical and molecular properties of LHCX1, the essential regulator of dynamic photoprotection in diatoms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:509-525. [PMID: 34595530 PMCID: PMC8774712 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Light harvesting is regulated by a process triggered by the acidification of the thylakoid lumen, known as nonphotochemical "energy-dependent quenching" (qE). In diatoms, qE is controlled by the light-harvesting complex (LHC) protein LHCX1, while the LHC stress-related (LHCSR) and photosystem II subunit S proteins are essential for green algae and plants, respectively. Here, we report a biochemical and molecular characterization of LHCX1 to investigate its role in qE. We found that, when grown under intermittent light, Phaeodactylum tricornutum forms very large qE, due to LHCX1 constitutive upregulation. This "super qE" is abolished in LHCX1 knockout mutants. Biochemical and spectroscopic analyses of LHCX1 reveal that this protein might differ in the character of binding pigments relative to the major pool of light-harvesting antenna proteins. The possibility of transient pigment binding or not binding pigments at all is discussed. Targeted mutagenesis of putative protonatable residues (D95 and E205) in transgenic P. tricornutum lines does not alter qE capacity, showing that they are not involved in sensing lumen pH, differently from residues conserved in LHCSR3. Our results suggest functional divergence between LHCX1 and LHCSR3 in qE modulation. We propose that LHCX1 evolved independently to facilitate dynamic tracking of light fluctuations in turbulent waters. The evolution of LHCX(-like) proteins in organisms with secondary red plastids, such as diatoms, might have conferred a selective advantage in the control of dynamic photoprotection, ultimately resulting in their ecological success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Giovagnetti
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Marianne Jaubert
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière Chez les Micro-algues, UMR7141, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris 75005, France
| | - Mahendra K Shukla
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Petra Ungerer
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jean-Pierre Bouly
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière Chez les Micro-algues, UMR7141, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris 75005, France
| | - Angela Falciatore
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière Chez les Micro-algues, UMR7141, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris 75005, France
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
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6
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Khaw YS, Yusoff FM, Tan HT, Noor Mazli NAI, Nazarudin MF, Shaharuddin NA, Omar AR. The Critical Studies of Fucoxanthin Research Trends from 1928 to June 2021: A Bibliometric Review. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110606. [PMID: 34822476 PMCID: PMC8623609 DOI: 10.3390/md19110606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a major carotenoid in brown macroalgae and diatoms that possesses a broad spectrum of health benefits. This review evaluated the research trends of the fucoxanthin field from 1928 to June 2021 using the bibliometric method. The present findings unraveled that the fucoxanthin field has grown quickly in recent years with a total of 2080 publications. Japan was the most active country in producing fucoxanthin publications. Three Japan institutes were listed in the top ten productive institutions, with Hokkaido University being the most prominent institutional contributor in publishing fucoxanthin articles. The most relevant subject area on fucoxanthin was the agricultural and biological sciences category, while most fucoxanthin articles were published in Marine Drugs. A total of four research concepts emerged based on the bibliometric keywords analysis: “bioactivities”, “photosynthesis”, “optimization of process’’, and “environment”. The “bioactivities” of fucoxanthin was identified as the priority in future research. The current analysis highlighted the importance of collaboration and suggested that global collaboration could be the key to valorizing and efficiently boosting the consumer acceptability of fucoxanthin. The present bibliometric analysis offers valuable insights into the research trends of fucoxanthin to construct a better future development of this treasurable carotenoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam Sim Khaw
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.S.K.); (H.T.T.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Fatimah Md. Yusoff
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson 71050, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-89408311
| | - Hui Teng Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.S.K.); (H.T.T.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Nur Amirah Izyan Noor Mazli
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.S.K.); (H.T.T.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.S.K.); (H.T.T.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Noor Azmi Shaharuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutic, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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7
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Chrysafoudi A, Maity S, Kleinekathöfer U, Daskalakis V. Robust Strategy for Photoprotection in the Light-Harvesting Antenna of Diatoms: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9626-9633. [PMID: 34585934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms generate a large portion of the oxygen produced on earth due to their exceptional light-harvesting properties involving fucoxanthin and chlorophyll-binding proteins (FCP). At the same time, an efficient adaptation of these complexes to fluctuating light conditions is necessary to protect the diatoms against photodamage. So far, structural and dynamic data for the interaction between FCP and the photoprotective LHCX family of proteins in diatoms are lacking. In this computational study, we provide a structural basis for a remarkable pH-dependent adaptation at the molecular level. Upon binding of the LHCX1 protein to the FCP complex together with a change in pH, conformational changes within the FCP protein result in a variation of the electronic coupling in a specific chlorophyll-fucoxanthin pair, leading to a change in the exciton transfer rate by almost an order of magnitude. A common strategy for photoprotection between diatoms and higher plants is identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Chrysafoudi
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sayan Maity
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kleinekathöfer
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Vangelis Daskalakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3603 Limassol, Cyprus
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8
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Gao F, Teles Cabanelas Itd I, Ferrer-Ledo N, Wijffels RH, Barbosa MJ. Production and high throughput quantification of fucoxanthin and lipids in Tisochrysis lutea using single-cell fluorescence. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124104. [PMID: 32942095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the accumulation of fucoxanthin and lipids in Tisochrysis lutea during growth (N+) and nitrogen-starvation (N-) and to correlate these products with single-cell emissions using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Fucoxanthin content decreased 52.94% from N+ to N- in batch cultivation; increased 40.53% as dilution rate changed from 0.16 to 0.55 d-1 in continuous cultivation. Total lipids (N-) were constant (~250 mg/g), but the abundance of neutral lipids increased from 4.87% to 40.63%. Nile red can stain both polar and neutral lipids. However, in vivo, this differentiation is limited due to an overlapping of signals between 600 and 660 nm, caused by neutral lipids concentrations above 3.48% (W/W). Chlorophyll autofluorescence (720 nm) was reported for the first time as a proxy for fucoxanthin (R2 = 0.90) and polar lipids (R2 = 0.98). FACS can be used in high throughput quantification of pigments and lipids and to select and sort cells with high-fucoxanthin/lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzheng Gao
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Iago Teles Cabanelas Itd
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Narcís Ferrer-Ledo
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - René H Wijffels
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Faculty Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, N-8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Maria J Barbosa
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
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9
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Nagao R, Yokono M, Ueno Y, Shen JR, Akimoto S. Reply to "Comment on 'Acidic pH-Induced Modification of Energy Transfer in Diatom Fucoxanthin Chlorophyll a/ c-Binding Proteins'". J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10588-10589. [PMID: 33164520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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10
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Lepetit B, Büchel C. Comment on “Acidic pH-Induced Modification of Energy Transfer in Diatom Fucoxanthin Chlorophyll a/ c-Binding Proteins”. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10585-10587. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lepetit
- Plant Ecophysiology, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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11
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Comparison of photosynthetic carbon fixation of Nannochloropsis oceanica cultivated with carbon suppliers: CO2, NaHCO3 and CH3OH. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Agostini A, Büchel C, Di Valentin M, Carbonera D. A distinctive pathway for triplet-triplet energy transfer photoprotection in fucoxanthin chlorophyll-binding proteins from Cyclotella meneghiniana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148310. [PMID: 32991847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin chlorophyll-binding proteins (FCPs) are the major light-harvesting complexes of diatoms. In this work, FCPs isolated from Cyclotella meneghiniana have been studied by means of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TR-EPR), with the aim to characterize the photoprotective mechanism based on triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET). The spectroscopic properties of the chromophores carrying the triplet state have been interpreted on the basis of a delved analysis of the recently solved crystallographic structures of FCP. The results point toward a photoprotective role for two fucoxanthin molecules exposed to the exterior of the FCP monomers. This shows that FCP has adopted a structural strategy different from that of related light-harvesting complexes from plants and other microalgae, in which the photoprotective role is carried out by two highly conserved carotenoids in the interior of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Basic pH-induced modification of excitation-energy dynamics in fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins isolated from a pinguiophyte, Glossomastix chrysoplasta. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148306. [PMID: 32926861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have diversified light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) to collect solar energy efficiently, leading to an acquisition of their ecological niches. Herein we report on biochemical and spectroscopic characterizations of fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding protein (FCP) complexes isolated from a marine pinguiophyte Glossomastix chrysoplasta. The pinguiophyte FCP showed one subunit band in SDS-PAGE and one protein-complex band with a molecular weight at around 66 kDa in clear-native PAGE. By HPLC analysis, the FCP possesses chlorophylls a and c, fucoxanthin, and violaxanthin. To clarify excitation-energy-relaxation processes in the FCP, we measured time-resolved fluorescence spectra at 77 K of the FCP adapted to pH 5.0, 6.5, and 8.0. Fluorescence curves measured at pH 5.0 and 8.0 showed shorter lifetime components compared with those at pH 6.5. The rapid decay components at pH 5.0 and 8.0 are unveiled by fluorescence decay-associated (FDA) spectra; fluorescence decays occur in the 270 and 160-ps FDA spectra only at pH 5.0 and 8.0, respectively. In addition, energy-transfer pathways with time constants of tens of picoseconds are altered under the basic pH condition but not the acidic pH condition. These findings provide novel insights into pH-dependent energy-transfer and energy-quenching machinery in not only FCP family but also photosynthetic LHCs.
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15
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Pi X, Zhao S, Wang W, Liu D, Xu C, Han G, Kuang T, Sui SF, Shen JR. The pigment-protein network of a diatom photosystem II-light-harvesting antenna supercomplex. Science 2020; 365:365/6452/eaax4406. [PMID: 31371578 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax4406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms play important roles in global primary productivity and biogeochemical cycling of carbon, in part owing to the ability of their photosynthetic apparatus to adapt to rapidly changing light intensity. We report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the photosystem II (PSII)-fucoxanthin (Fx) chlorophyll (Chl) a/c binding protein (FCPII) supercomplex from the centric diatom Chaetoceros gracilis The supercomplex comprises two protomers, each with two tetrameric and three monomeric FCPIIs around a PSII core that contains five extrinsic oxygen-evolving proteins at the lumenal surface. The structure reveals the arrangement of a huge pigment network that contributes to efficient light energy harvesting, transfer, and dissipation processes in the diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Songhao Zhao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Desheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Caizhe Xu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Sen-Fang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. .,Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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16
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Macroorganisation and flexibility of thylakoid membranes. Biochem J 2019; 476:2981-3018. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The light reactions of photosynthesis are hosted and regulated by the chloroplast thylakoid membrane (TM) — the central structural component of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and algae. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional arrangement of the lipid–protein assemblies, aka macroorganisation, and its dynamic responses to the fluctuating physiological environment, aka flexibility, are the subject of this review. An emphasis is given on the information obtainable by spectroscopic approaches, especially circular dichroism (CD). We briefly summarise the current knowledge of the composition and three-dimensional architecture of the granal TMs in plants and the supramolecular organisation of Photosystem II and light-harvesting complex II therein. We next acquaint the non-specialist reader with the fundamentals of CD spectroscopy, recent advances such as anisotropic CD, and applications for studying the structure and macroorganisation of photosynthetic complexes and membranes. Special attention is given to the structural and functional flexibility of light-harvesting complex II in vitro as revealed by CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. We give an account of the dynamic changes in membrane macroorganisation associated with the light-adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus and the regulation of the excitation energy flow by state transitions and non-photochemical quenching.
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Saravana PS, Shanmugapriya K, Gereniu CRN, Chae SJ, Kang HW, Woo HC, Chun BS. Ultrasound-mediated fucoxanthin rich oil nanoemulsions stabilized by κ-carrageenan: Process optimization, bio-accessibility and cytotoxicity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 55:105-116. [PMID: 31084784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to produce and optimize a κ-carrageenan-based nanoemulsion (NE) to encapsulate seaweed oil, which is rich in fucoxanthin (FX), using ultrasound-assisted emulsification. κ-Carrageenan was produced using subcritical water, and seaweed oil was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide with sunflower oil as the co-solvent. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to understand the influence of several process parameters such as ultrasound amplitude, time, temperature, and duty cycle to produce an NE. The RSM factor was used to focus on droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, viscosity, antioxidant, FX, encapsulation efficiency, and emulsion stability. Our outcomes suggested that the ultrasound process had a noteworthy influence on the NE. The best conditions to obtain an NE were an ultrasound amplitude of 87 µm, a sonication time of 394 s, a temperature of 60 °C, and a duty cycle of 50%. The resulting NE was studied by UV-Vis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Moreover, the NE obtained from optimized conditions was checked for fatty acid content, color, oxidative stability, in vitro digestion, bioaccessibility of FX, and cytotoxicity. The results obtained suggest that lower droplet size of the emulsion can improve oxidative stability, in vitro digestion, bioaccessibility of FX, and good cell inhibition against a few cell lines. Therefore, a κ-carrageenan-stabilized NE can be used as a potential delivery system to endorse applications of seaweed oil, which is rich in FX, in functional foods, beverage systems, and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periaswamy Sivagnanam Saravana
- Food Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Chemistry & Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
| | - Karuppusamy Shanmugapriya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Centre for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology, Pukyong National University, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Collin Rudolf Nobbs Gereniu
- Food Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Fisheries Studies, School of Technology, Maritime, and Fisheries Studies, Solomon Islands National University, P.O. Box R113, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Sol-Ji Chae
- Food Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Centre for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology, Pukyong National University, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Chul Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 365 Sinseon-ro, Namgu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Chun
- Food Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Büchel C. Light harvesting complexes in chlorophyll c-containing algae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148027. [PMID: 31153887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Besides the so-called 'green lineage' of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms that include vascular plants, a huge variety of different algal groups exist that also harvest light by means of membrane intrinsic light harvesting proteins (Lhc). The main taxa of these algae are the Cryptophytes, Haptophytes, Dinophytes, Chromeridae and the Heterokonts, the latter including diatoms, brown algae, Xanthophyceae and Eustigmatophyceae amongst others. Despite the similarity in Lhc proteins between vascular plants and these algae, pigmentation is significantly different since no Chl b is bound, but often replaced by Chl c, and a large diversity in carotenoids functioning in light harvesting and/or photoprotection is present. Due to the presence of Chl c in most of the taxa the name 'Chl c-containing organisms' has become common, however, Chl b-less is more precise since some harbour Lhc proteins that only bind one type of Chl, Chl a. In recent years huge progress has been made about the occurrence and function of Lhc in diatoms, so-called fucoxanthin chlorophyll proteins (FCP), where also the first molecular structure became available recently. In addition, especially energy transfer amongst the unusual pigments bound was intensively studied in many of these groups. This review summarises the present knowledge about the molecular structure, the arrangement of the different Lhc in complexes, the excitation energy transfer abilities and the involvement in photoprotection of the different Lhc systems in the so-called Chl c-containing organisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Light harvesting, edited by Dr. Roberta Croce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Bojko M, Olchawa-Pajor M, Goss R, Schaller-Laudel S, Strzałka K, Latowski D. Diadinoxanthin de-epoxidation as important factor in the short-term stabilization of diatom photosynthetic membranes exposed to different temperatures. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1270-1286. [PMID: 30362127 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The importance of diadinoxanthin (Ddx) de-epoxidation in the short-term modulation of the temperature effect on photosynthetic membranes of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Laurdan fluorescence spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The 5-SASL spin probe employed for the EPR measurements and Laurdan provided information about the membrane area close to the polar head groups of the membrane lipids, whereas with the 16-SASL spin probe, the hydrophobic core, where the fatty acid residues are located, was probed. The obtained results indicate that Ddx de-epoxidation induces a two component mechanism in the short-term regulation of the membrane fluidity of diatom thylakoids during changing temperatures. One component has been termed the "dynamic effect" and the second the "stable effect" of Ddx de-epoxidation. The "dynamic effect" includes changes of the membrane during the time course of de-epoxidation whereas the "stable effect" is based on the rigidifying properties of Dtx. The combination of both effects results in a temporary increase of the rigidity of both peripheral and internal parts of the membrane whereas the persistent increase of the rigidity of the hydrophobic core of the membrane is solely based on the "stable effect."
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bojko
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Olchawa-Pajor
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Reimund Goss
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kazimierz Strzałka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dariusz Latowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Yokono M, Umetani I, Takabayashi A, Akimoto S, Tanaka A. Regulation of excitation energy in Nannochloropsis photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:155-161. [PMID: 29704164 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we isolated a complex consisting of photosystem II (PSII) and light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) from Nannochloropsis granulata (Umetani et al. Photosynth Res 136:49-61, 2017). This complex contained stress-related protein, Lhcx, as a major component of LHC (Protein ID is Naga_100173g12.1), suggesting that non-photochemical quenching activities may be taking place in the PSII-LHC complex. In this study, we examined the energy transfer dynamics in the isolated LHCs and PSII-LHC complexes, and found substantial quenching capacity. In addition, the LHCs contained low-energy chlorophylls with fluorescence maxima at approximately 710 nm, which may enhance the quenching efficiency in the PSII-LHC. Delayed fluorescence analysis suggested that there was an approximately 50% reduction in energy trapping at the PSII reaction center in the PSII-LHC supercomplex under low-pH condition compared to neutral pH condition. Enhanced quenching may confer a survival advantage in the shallow-water habitat of Nannochloropsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makio Yokono
- Innovation Center, Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Atsugi, 243-0041, Japan.
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan.
| | - Ikumi Umetani
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University College of Southeast Norway, Gullbringvegen 36, 3880, Bø, Norway
| | - Atushi Takabayashi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
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Jäger S, Büchel C. Cation-dependent changes in the thylakoid membrane appression of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1860:41-51. [PMID: 30447184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms show a special organisation of their plastid membranes, such that their thylakoids span the entire plastid in bands of three. While in higher plants the interaction of the light harvesting complex II and photosystem II with divalent cations (especially Mg2+) was found to take part in the interplay of electrostatic attraction and repulsion in grana membrane appression, for diatoms the key players in maintaining proper membrane distances were not identified so far. In this work, we investigated the changes in the thylakoid architecture of Thalassiosira pseudonana in reaction to different salts by using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with other techniques. We show that divalent cations have an important influence on optimal pigment organisation and thus also on maintaining membrane appression. Thereby, monovalent cations are far less effective. The concentration needed is in a physiological range and fits well with the values obtained for higher plant grana stacking, despite the fact that strict protein segregation as seen in higher plant grana is missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Jäger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Derks AK, Bruce D. Rapid regulation of excitation energy in two pennate diatoms from contrasting light climates. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 138:149-165. [PMID: 30008155 PMCID: PMC6208626 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a fast acting photoprotective response to high light stress triggered by over excitation of photosystem II. The mechanism for NPQ in the globally important diatom algae has been principally attributed to a xanthophyll cycle, analogous to the well-described qE quenching of higher plants. This study compared the short-term NPQ responses in two pennate, benthic diatom species cultured under identical conditions but which originate from unique light climates. Variable chlorophyll fluorescence was used to monitor photochemical and non-photochemical excitation energy dissipation during high light transitions; whereas whole cell steady state 77 K absorption and emission were used to measure high light elicited changes in the excited state landscapes of the thylakoid. The marine shoreline species Nitzschia curvilineata was found to have an antenna system capable of entering a deeply quenched, yet reversible state in response to high light, with NPQ being highly sensitive to dithiothreitol (a known inhibitor of the xanthophyll cycle). Conversely, the salt flat species Navicula sp. 110-1 exhibited a less robust NPQ that remained largely locked-in after the light stress was removed; however, a lower amplitude, but now highly reversible NPQ persisted in cells treated with dithiothreitol. Furthermore, dithiothreitol inhibition of NPQ had no functional effect on the ability of Navicula cells to balance PSII excitation/de-excitation. These different approaches for non-photochemical excitation energy dissipation are discussed in the context of native light climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen K Derks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Doug Bruce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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Hao TB, Jiang T, Dong HP, Ou LJ, He X, Yang YF. Light-harvesting protein Lhcx3 is essential for high light acclimation of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. AMB Express 2018; 8:174. [PMID: 30353255 PMCID: PMC6199207 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The light-harvesting protein complexes (Lhc) play key roles in the processes of light absorption and protection in diatoms. However, different Lhc protein carries out distinct function in photosynthesis. For now, roles of many Lhc proteins in light acclimation are largely unknown. Here, function of Lhcx3 in marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was examined by using reverse genetic technologies. The overexpression of Lhcx3 led to increased diadinoxanthin + diatoxanthin content and elevated non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) while knockdown of Lhcx3 reduced NPQ level. In addition, the expression of Lhcx3 could be induced by blue light but not by red light. After addition of the photosynthetic inhibitor, upregulation of Lhcx3 transcript in high light could be inhibited by NH4Cl, but not by DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l,l-dim ethylurea). In contrast, DCMU addition increased expression of Lhcx3 in high light. In combination with changes of NPQ after addition of inhibitor, we concluded that the Lhcx3 played key roles in high light acclimation of diatoms. This finding will provide new clues for genetic improvement of P. tricornutum with an aim to cultivate new strains with high growth rate.
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Elnour HM, Dietzel L, Ramanan C, Büchel C, van Grondelle R, Krüger TP. Energy dissipation mechanisms in the FCPb light-harvesting complex of the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:1151-1160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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The evolution of the photoprotective antenna proteins in oxygenic photosynthetic eukaryotes. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1263-1277. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20170304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms require rapid and reversible down-regulation of light harvesting to avoid photodamage. Response to unpredictable light fluctuations is achieved by inducing energy-dependent quenching, qE, which is the major component of the process known as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence. qE is controlled by the operation of the xanthophyll cycle and accumulation of specific types of proteins, upon thylakoid lumen acidification. The protein cofactors so far identified to modulate qE in photosynthetic eukaryotes are the photosystem II subunit S (PsbS) and light-harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR/LHCX) proteins. A transition from LHCSR- to PsbS-dependent qE took place during the evolution of the Viridiplantae (also known as ‘green lineage’ organisms), such as green algae, mosses and vascular plants. Multiple studies showed that LHCSR and PsbS proteins have distinct functions in the mechanism of qE. LHCX(-like) proteins are closely related to LHCSR proteins and found in ‘red lineage’ organisms that contain secondary red plastids, such as diatoms. Although LHCX proteins appear to control qE in diatoms, their role in the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we present the current knowledge on the functions and evolution of these crucial proteins, which evolved in photosynthetic eukaryotes to optimise light harvesting.
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Pieper K, Gundermann K, Dietzel L. Isolating and Incorporating Light-Harvesting Antennas from Diatom Cyclotella Meneghiniana in Liposomes with Thylakoid Lipids. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30222147 DOI: 10.3791/58017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic performance of plants, algae and diatoms strongly depends on the fast and efficient regulation of the light harvesting and energy transfer processes in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. The light harvesting antenna of diatoms, the so called fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding proteins (FCP), are required for the light absorption and efficient transfer to the photosynthetic reaction centers as well as for photo-protection from excessive light. The switch between these two functions is a long-standing matter of research. Many of these studies have been carried out with FCP in detergent micelles. For interaction studies, the detergents have been removed, which led to an unspecific aggregation of FCP complexes. In this approach, it is hard to discriminate between artifacts and physiologically relevant data. Hence, more valuable information about FCP and other membrane bound light harvesting complexes can be obtained by studying protein-protein interactions, energy transfer and other spectroscopic features if they are embedded in their native lipid environment. The main advantage is that liposomes have a defined size and a defined lipid/protein ratio by which the extent of FCP clustering is controlled. Further, changes in the pH and ion composition that regulate light harvesting in vivo can easily be simulated. In comparison to the thylakoid membrane, the liposomes are more homogenous and less complex, which makes it easier to obtain and understand spectroscopic data. The protocol describes the procedure of FCP isolation and purification, liposome preparation, and incorporation of FCP into liposomes with natural lipid composition. Results from a typical application are given and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lars Dietzel
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University;
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27
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Kuthanová Trsková E, Belgio E, Yeates AM, Sobotka R, Ruban AV, Kaňa R. Antenna proton sensitivity determines photosynthetic light harvesting strategy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4483-4493. [PMID: 29955883 PMCID: PMC6093471 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photoprotective non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) represents an effective way to dissipate the light energy absorbed in excess by most phototrophs. It is often claimed that NPQ formation/relaxation kinetics are determined by xanthophyll composition. We, however, found that, for the alveolate alga Chromera velia, this is not the case. In the present paper, we investigated the reasons for the constitutive high rate of quenching displayed by the alga by comparing its light harvesting strategies with those of a model phototroph, the land plant Spinacia oleracea. Experimental results and in silico studies support the idea that fast quenching is due not to xanthophylls, but to intrinsic properties of the Chromera light harvesting complex (CLH) protein, related to amino acid composition and protein folding. The pKa for CLH quenching was shifted by 0.5 units to a higher pH compared with higher plant antennas (light harvesting complex II; LHCII). We conclude that, whilst higher plant LHCIIs are better suited for light harvesting, CLHs are 'natural quenchers' ready to switch into a dissipative state. We propose that organisms with antenna proteins intrinsically more sensitive to protons, such as C. velia, carry a relatively high concentration of violaxanthin to improve their light harvesting. In contrast, higher plants need less violaxanthin per chlorophyll because LHCII proteins are more efficient light harvesters and instead require co-factors such as zeaxanthin and PsbS to accelerate and enhance quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Kuthanová Trsková
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech republic
| | - Erica Belgio
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Anna M Yeates
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech republic
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech republic
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Yamano N, Mizoguchi T, Fujii R. The pH-dependent photophysical properties of chlorophyll-c bound to the light-harvesting complex from a diatom, Chaetoceros calcitrans. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Umetani I, Kunugi M, Yokono M, Takabayashi A, Tanaka A. Evidence of the supercomplex organization of photosystem II and light-harvesting complexes in Nannochloropsis granulata. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 136:49-61. [PMID: 28856533 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diverse light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) have been found in photosynthetic microalgae that originated from secondary endosymbiosis involving primary red algae. However, the associations between LHCs and photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) in these microalgae are not fully understood. Eustigmatophyta is a red algal lineage that appears to have a unique organization in its photosynthetic machinery, consisting of only chlorophyll a and carotenoids that are atypical compared with other closely related groups. In this study, the supramolecular organization of pigment-protein complexes in the eustigmatophyte alga, Nannochloropsis granulata was investigated using Clear Native (CN) PAGE coupled with two-dimensional (2D) SDS-PAGE. Our results showed two slowly migrating green bands that corresponded to PSII supercomplexes, which consisted of reaction centers and LHCs. These green bands were also characterized as PSII complexes by their low temperature fluorescence emission spectra. The protein subunits of the PSII-LHC resolved by 2D CN/SDS-PAGE were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and four different LHC proteins were identified. Phylogenetic analysis of the identified LHC protein sequences revealed that they belonged to four different Lhc groups; (1) stress-related Lhcx proteins, (2) fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding Lhcf proteins, (3) red-shifted Chromera light-harvesting proteins (Red-CLH), and (4) Lhcr proteins, which are commonly found in organisms possessing red algal plastids. This is the first report showing evidence of a pigment-protein supercomplex consisting of PSII and LHCs, and to identify PSII-associated LHC proteins in Nannochloropsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Umetani
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University College of Southeast Norway, Gullbringvegen 36, 3880, Bø, Norway
| | - Motoshi Kunugi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takabayashi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
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Gupta S, Kashyap M, Kumar V, Jain P, Vinayak V, Joshi KB. Peptide mediated facile fabrication of silver nanoparticles over living diatom surface and its application. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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How reduced excitonic coupling enhances light harvesting in the main photosynthetic antennae of diatoms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E11063-E11071. [PMID: 29229806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714656115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong excitonic interactions are a key design strategy in photosynthetic light harvesting, expanding the spectral cross-section for light absorption and creating considerably faster and more robust excitation energy transfer. These molecular excitons are a direct result of exceptionally densely packed pigments in photosynthetic proteins. The main light-harvesting complexes of diatoms, known as fucoxanthin-chlorophyll proteins (FCPs), are an exception, displaying surprisingly weak excitonic coupling between their chlorophyll (Chl) a's, despite a high pigment density. Here, we show, using single-molecule spectroscopy, that the FCP complexes of Cyclotella meneghiniana switch frequently into stable, strongly emissive states shifted 4-10 nm toward the red. A few percent of isolated FCPa complexes and ∼20% of isolated FCPb complexes, on average, were observed to populate these previously unobserved states, percentages that agree with the steady-state fluorescence spectra of FCP ensembles. Thus, the complexes use their enhanced sensitivity to static disorder to increase their light-harvesting capability in a number of ways. A disordered exciton model based on the structure of the main plant light-harvesting complex explains the red-shifted emission by strong localization of the excitation energy on a single Chl a pigment in the terminal emitter domain due to very specific pigment orientations. We suggest that the specific construction of FCP gives the complex a unique strategy to ensure that its light-harvesting function remains robust in the fluctuating protein environment despite limited excitonic interactions.
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Ahmad RA, Dietzel L. Relaxation of cellular K + gradients by valinomycin induces diatoxanthin accumulation in Cyclotella meneghiniana cells and alters FCPa fluorescence yield in vitro. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 161:171-180. [PMID: 28664565 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting involves all major thylakoid membrane complexes. One important factor is the proton motive force (pmf) driving ATP production. Its proton gradient (ΔpH) component regulates the high energy quenching. Potassium ions largely contribute to the formation of the electric field (ΔΨ). ΔΨ and ΔpH partially compensate each other to form pmf. Whilst in plants considerable progress has been made in analyzing the interplay of H+ and K+ gradients, in diatoms knowledge in this field is still scarce. We relaxed cellular K+ gradients by valinomycin in Cyclotella meneghiniana. We observed a slow decrease of PSII maximum quantum yield in the dark upon valinomycin addition correlating with diatoxanthin accumulation which we attribute to the breakdown of organellar K+ gradients (either plastid or mitochondria) which might compensate for the loss of the K+ gradient by adjustment of the thylakoid pH in a secondary step. This response is reversible when ΔpH is relaxed. Similarly, we found higher non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) caused by higher DT accumulation in the steady state in valinomycin-treated cells. In vitro fucoxanthin chlorophyll a (FCPa) antenna complexes in liposomes with natural lipid composition showed a decrease in fluorescence yield if a K+ gradient is built up. The effect reversed by relaxing the gradient. We interpret these fluorescence changes with surface charge dynamics and FCPa organization in the membrane rather than a direct influence of K+ gradients on FCPa complexes. Both experiments reveal that K+ gradients might contribute to fine tuning of light harvesting capacity in relation to pmf in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Ahmad
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Plant Cell Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Lars Dietzel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Plant Cell Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Schaller-Laudel S, Latowski D, Jemioła-Rzemińska M, Strzałka K, Daum S, Bacia K, Wilhelm C, Goss R. Influence of thylakoid membrane lipids on the structure of aggregated light-harvesting complexes of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and the green alga Mantoniella squamata. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 160:339-358. [PMID: 28317130 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of the thylakoid membrane lipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) on the structure of two algal light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). In contrast to higher plants whose thylakoid membranes are characterized by an enrichment of the neutral galactolipids MGDG and DGDG, both the green alga Mantoniella squamata and the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana contain membranes with a high content of the negatively charged lipids SQDG and PG. The algal thylakoids do not show the typical grana-stroma differentiation of higher plants but a regular arrangement. To analyze the effect of the membrane lipids, the fucoxanthin chlorophyll protein (FCP) complex of T. pseudonana and the LHC of M. squamata (MLHC) were prepared by successive cation precipitation using Triton X-100 as detergent. With this method, it is possible to isolate LHCs with a reduced amount of associated lipids in an aggregated state. The results from 77 K fluorescence and photon correlation spectroscopy show that neither the neutral galactolipids nor the negatively charged lipids are able to significantly alter the aggregation state of the FCP or the MLHC. This is in contrast to higher plants where SQDG and PG lead to a strong disaggregation of the LHCII whereas MGDG and DGDG induce the formation of large macroaggregates. The results indicate that LHCs which are integrated into thylakoid membranes with a high amount of negatively charged lipids and a regular arrangement are less sensitive to lipid-induced structural alterations than their counterparts in membranes enriched in neutral lipids with a grana-stroma differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dariusz Latowski
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | | | - Kazimierz Strzałka
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Sebastian Daum
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, D-06120, Germany
| | - Kirsten Bacia
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, D-06120, Germany
| | - Christian Wilhelm
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany
| | - Reimund Goss
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany
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Giovagnetti V, Ruban AV. Detachment of the fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding protein (FCP) antenna is not involved in the acclimative regulation of photoprotection in the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1858:218-230. [PMID: 27989819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
When grown under intermittent light (IL), the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum forms 'super' non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) in response to excess light. The current model of diatom NPQ mechanism involves two quenching sites, one of which detaches from photosystem II reaction centres (RCIIs) and aggregates into oligomeric complexes. Here we addressed how antenna reorganisation controls NPQ kinetics in P. tricornutum cells grown under continuous light (CL) and IL. Overall, IL acclimation induced: (i) reorganisation of chloroplasts, containing greater pigment pools without a strongly enhanced operation of the xanthophyll cycle, and (ii) 'super NPQ' causing a remarkable reduction of the chlorophyll excited state lifetime at Fm'. Regardless of different levels of NPQ formed in both culture conditions, its dark recovery was rapid and similar fractions of their antenna uncoupled (~50%). Although antenna detachment relieved excitation pressure, it provided a minor protective contribution equivalent to NPQ~1, while the largest NPQ was 4.4±0.2 (CL) and 13±0.8 (IL). The PSII cross-section decrease took place only at relatively low NPQ values, beyond which the cross-section remained constant whilst NPQ continued to rise. This finding suggests that the energy trapping efficiency of diatom antenna quenchers cannot over-compete that of RCIIs, similarly to what has been observed on higher plants. We conclude that such 'economic photoprotection' operates to flexibly adjust the overall efficiency of diatom light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Giovagnetti
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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35
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Involvement of the Lhcx protein Fcp6 of the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana in the macro-organisation and structural flexibility of thylakoid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1373-1379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.04.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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36
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In vivo anti-obesity efficacy of fucoxanthin-loaded emulsions stabilized with phospholipid. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-016-0270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Natali A, Gruber JM, Dietzel L, Stuart MCA, van Grondelle R, Croce R. Light-harvesting Complexes (LHCs) Cluster Spontaneously in Membrane Environment Leading to Shortening of Their Excited State Lifetimes. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16730-9. [PMID: 27252376 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.730101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The light reactions of photosynthesis, which include light-harvesting and charge separation, take place in the amphiphilic environment of the thylakoid membrane. The light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) is the main responsible for light absorption in plants and green algae and is involved in photoprotective mechanisms that regulate the amount of excited states in the membrane. The dual function of LHCII has been extensively studied in detergent micelles, but recent results have indicated that the properties of this complex differ in a lipid environment. In this work we checked these suggestions by studying LHCII in liposomes. By combining bulk and single molecule measurements, we monitored the fluorescence characteristics of liposomes containing single complexes up to densely packed proteoliposomes. We show that the natural lipid environment per se does not alter the properties of LHCII, which for single complexes remain very similar to that in detergent. However, we show that LHCII has the strong tendency to cluster in the membrane and that protein interactions and the extent of crowding modulate the lifetimes of the excited state in the membrane. Finally, the presence of LHCII monomers at low concentrations of complexes per liposome is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Natali
- From the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Michael Gruber
- From the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Dietzel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt/M, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- From the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- From the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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38
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Kuzminov FI, Gorbunov MY. Energy dissipation pathways in Photosystem 2 of the diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, under high-light conditions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 127:219-235. [PMID: 26220363 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To prevent photooxidative damage under supraoptimal light, photosynthetic organisms evolved mechanisms to thermally dissipate excess absorbed energy, known as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Here we quantify NPQ-induced alterations in light-harvesting processes and photochemical reactions in Photosystem 2 (PS2) in the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Using a combination of picosecond lifetime analysis and variable fluorescence technique, we examined the dynamics of NPQ activation upon transition from dark to high light. Our analysis revealed that NPQ activation starts with a 2-3-fold increase in the rate constant of non-radiative charge recombination in the reaction center (RC); however, this increase is compensated with a proportional increase in the rate constant of back reactions. The resulting alterations in photochemical processes in PS2 RC do not contribute directly to quenching of antenna excitons by the RC, but favor non-radiative dissipation pathways within the RC, reducing the yields of spin conversion of the RC chlorophyll to the triplet state. The NPQ-induced changes in the RC are followed by a gradual ~ 2.5-fold increase in the yields of thermal dissipation in light-harvesting complexes. Our data suggest that thermal dissipation in light-harvesting complexes is the major sink for NPQ; RCs are not directly involved in the NPQ process, but could contribute to photoprotection via reduction in the probability of (3)Chl formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor I Kuzminov
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Maxim Y Gorbunov
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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Garab G, Ughy B, Goss R. Role of MGDG and Non-bilayer Lipid Phases in the Structure and Dynamics of Chloroplast Thylakoid Membranes. Subcell Biochem 2016; 86:127-57. [PMID: 27023234 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25979-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter we focus our attention on the enigmatic structural and functional roles of the major, non-bilayer lipid monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol (MGDG) in the thylakoid membrane. We give an overview on the state of the art on the role of MGDG and non-bilayer lipid phases in the xanthophyll cycles in different organisms. We also discuss data on the roles of MGDG and other lipid molecules found in crystal structures of different photosynthetic protein complexes and in lipid-protein assemblies, as well as in the self-assembly of the multilamellar membrane system. Comparison and critical evaluation of different membrane models--that take into account and capitalize on the special properties of non-bilayer lipids and/or non-bilayer lipid phases, and thus to smaller or larger extents deviate from the 'standard' Singer-Nicolson model--will conclude this review. With this chapter the authors hope to further stimulate the discussion about, what we think, is perhaps the most exciting question of membrane biophysics: the why and wherefore of non-bilayer lipids and lipid phases in, or in association with, bilayer biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Győző Garab
- Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Bettina Ughy
- Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Reimund Goss
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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40
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Schaller-Laudel S, Volke D, Redlich M, Kansy M, Hoffmann R, Wilhelm C, Goss R. The diadinoxanthin diatoxanthin cycle induces structural rearrangements of the isolated FCP antenna complexes of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 96:364-76. [PMID: 26368016 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the influence of the xanthophyll cycle pigments diadinoxanthin (DD) and diatoxanthin (Dt) on the spectroscopic characteristics, structure and protein composition of isolated fucoxanthin chlorophyll protein (FCP) complexes of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. 77 K fluorescence emission spectra revealed that Dt-containing FCP complexes showed a characteristic long wavelength fluorescence emission at 700 nm at a pH-value of 5 whereas DD-enriched FCPs retained the typical 680 nm fluorescence emission maximum of isolated FCPs. The 700 nm emission in Dt-containing FCPs indicates an aggregation of antenna complexes and is a typical feature of the quenching site Q1 in recent models for non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ). A comparable long-wavelength fluorescence emission was found in FCP complexes prepared with either triton X-100 or n-dodecyl β-D-maltoside as detergent. A treatment of the FCP complexes at low pH-values in the presence of a high concentration of Mg(2+) ions showed that the extent of FCP aggregation which leads to the 700 nm fluorescence emission is different from the macro-aggregation of antenna complexes in higher plants. Protein analyses by mass spectrometry showed that the protein composition of the DD- and Dt-enriched FCP complexes was comparable. However, the Lhcf6 and Lhcr1 polypeptides were only found in Dt-enriched FCPs isolated with dodecyl maltoside whereas the Lhcf17 protein was only detected in DD-enriched FCPs prepared with triton. With respect to low pH-induced antenna aggregation it is important that the Lhcx1 protein was found in both DD- and Dt-enriched FCPs, albeit with only two peptides with confident scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Schaller-Laudel
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Volke
- Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Redlich
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcel Kansy
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Wilhelm
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reimund Goss
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Regulation of excitation energy transfer in diatom PSII dimer: How does it change the destination of excitation energy? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1274-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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42
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Herbstová M, Bína D, Koník P, Gardian Z, Vácha F, Litvín R. Molecular basis of chromatic adaptation in pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:534-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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43
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Derks A, Schaven K, Bruce D. Diverse mechanisms for photoprotection in photosynthesis. Dynamic regulation of photosystem II excitation in response to rapid environmental change. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:468-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Goss R, Lepetit B. Biodiversity of NPQ. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 172:13-32. [PMID: 24854581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In their natural environment plants and algae are exposed to rapidly changing light conditions and light intensities. Illumination with high light intensities has the potential to overexcite the photosynthetic pigments and the electron transport chain and thus induce the production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). To prevent damage by the action of ROS, plants and algae have developed a multitude of photoprotection mechanisms. One of the most important protection mechanisms is the dissipation of excessive excitation energy as heat in the light-harvesting complexes of the photosystems. This process requires a structural change of the photosynthetic antenna complexes that are normally optimized with regard to efficient light-harvesting. Enhanced heat dissipation in the antenna systems is accompanied by a strong quenching of the chlorophyll a fluorescence and has thus been termed non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence, NPQ. The general importance of NPQ for the photoprotection of plants and algae is documented by its wide distribution in the plant kingdom. In the present review we will summarize the present day knowledge about NPQ in higher plants and different algal groups with a special focus on the molecular mechanisms that lead to the structural rearrangements of the antenna complexes and enhanced heat dissipation. We will present the newest models for NPQ in higher plants and diatoms and will compare the features of NPQ in different algae with those of NPQ in higher plants. In addition, we will briefly address evolutionary aspects of NPQ, i.e. how the requirements of NPQ have changed during the transition of plants from the aquatic habitat to the land environment. We will conclude with a presentation of open questions regarding the mechanistic basis of NPQ and suggestions for future experiments that may serve to obtain this missing information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reimund Goss
- Institut für Biologie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Bernard Lepetit
- Institut für Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Büchel C. Evolution and function of light harvesting proteins. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 172:62-75. [PMID: 25240794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic eukaryotes exhibit very different light-harvesting proteins, but all contain membrane-intrinsic light-harvesting complexes (Lhcs), either as additional or sole antennae. Lhcs non-covalently bind chlorophyll a and in most cases another Chl, as well as very different carotenoids, depending on the taxon. The proteins fall into two major groups: The well-defined Lhca/b group of proteins binds typically Chl b and lutein, and the group is present in the 'green lineage'. The other group consists of Lhcr/Lhcf, Lhcz and Lhcx/LhcSR proteins. The former are found in the so-called Chromalveolates, where they mostly bind Chl c and carotenoids very efficient in excitation energy transfer, and in their red algae ancestors. Lhcx/LhcSR are present in most Chromalveolates and in some members of the green lineage as well. Lhcs function in light harvesting, but also in photoprotection, and they influence the organisation of the thylakoid membrane. The different functions of the Lhc subfamilies are discussed in the light of their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Büchel
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Max von Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Giovagnetti V, Flori S, Tramontano F, Lavaud J, Brunet C. The velocity of light intensity increase modulates the photoprotective response in coastal diatoms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103782. [PMID: 25083713 PMCID: PMC4118909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In aquatic ecosystems, the superimposition of mixing events to the light diel cycle exposes phytoplankton to changes in the velocity of light intensity increase, from diurnal variations to faster mixing-related ones. This is particularly true in coastal waters, where diatoms are dominant. This study aims to investigate if coastal diatoms differently activate the photoprotective responses, xanthophyll cycle (XC) and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ), to cope with predictable light diel cycle and unpredictable mixing-related light variations. We compared the effect of two fast light intensity increases (simulating mixing events) with that of a slower increase (corresponding to the light diel cycle) on the modulation of XC and NPQ in the planktonic coastal diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata. During each light treatment, the photon flux density (PFD) progressively increased from darkness to five peaks, ranging from 100 to 650 µmol photons m−2 s−1. Our results show that the diel cycle-related PFD increase strongly activates XC through the enhancement of the carotenoid biosynthesis and induces a moderate and gradual NPQ formation over the light gradient. In contrast, during mixing-related PFD increases, XC is less activated, while higher NPQ rapidly develops at moderate PFD. We observe that together with the light intensity and its increase velocity, the saturation light for photosynthesis (Ek) is a key parameter in modulating photoprotection. We propose that the capacity to adequately regulate and actuate alternative photoprotective ‘safety valves’ in response to changing velocity of light intensity increase further enhances the photophysiological flexibility of diatoms. This might be an evolutionary outcome of diatom adaptation to turbulent marine ecosystems characterized by unpredictable mixing-related light changes over the light diel cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Flori
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Johann Lavaud
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Gardian Z, Litvín R, Bína D, Vácha F. Supramolecular organization of fucoxanthin-chlorophyll proteins in centric and pennate diatoms. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 121:79-86. [PMID: 24715699 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-9998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin-chlorophyll proteins (FCP) are the major light-harvesting proteins of diatom algae, a major contributor to marine carbon fixation. FCP complexes from representatives of centric (Cyclotella meneghiniana) and pennate (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) diatoms were prepared by sucrose gradient centrifugation and studied by means of electron microscopy followed by single particle analysis. The oligomeric FCP from a centric diatom were observed to take the form of unusual chain-like or circular shapes, a very unique supramolecular assembly for such antennas. The existence of the often disputed oligomeric form of FCP in pennate diatoms has been confirmed. Contrary to the centric diatom FCP, pennate diatom FCP oligomers are very similar to oligomeric antennas from related heterokont (Stramenopila) algae. Evolutionary aspects of the presence of novel light-harvesting protein arrangement in centric diatoms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenko Gardian
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Juhas M, von Zadow A, Spexard M, Schmidt M, Kottke T, Büchel C. A novel cryptochrome in the diatomPhaeodactylum tricornutuminfluences the regulation of light-harvesting protein levels. FEBS J 2014; 281:2299-311. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Juhas
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; University of Frankfurt; Germany
| | - Andrea von Zadow
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; University of Frankfurt; Germany
| | - Meike Spexard
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; University of Frankfurt; Germany
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Germany
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; University of Frankfurt; Germany
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Schaller S, Richter K, Wilhelm C, Goss R. Influence of pH, Mg²⁺, and lipid composition on the aggregation state of the diatom FCP in comparison to the LHCII of vascular plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 119:305-17. [PMID: 24197266 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the influence of Mg²⁺ ions and low pH values on the aggregation state of the diatom FCP and the LHCII of vascular plants was studied. In addition, the concentration of thylakoid membrane lipids associated with the complexes was determined. The results demonstrate that the FCP, which contained a significantly higher concentration of the negatively charged lipids SQDG and PG, was less sensitive to Mg²⁺ and low pH values than the LHCII which was characterized by lower amounts of SQDG and a higher concentration of MGDG. High MgCl₂ concentrations and pH values below pH 6 induced significant changes of the absorption and 77K fluorescence emission spectra of the LHCII, indicating a strong aggregation of the light-harvesting complex. This aggregation was also visible as a pellet after centrifugation on a sucrose cushion. Although the FCP responded with changes of the absorption and fluorescence spectra to low pH and Mg²⁺ incubation, these spectral changes were less pronounced than those observed for the LHCII. In addition, the FCP complexes did not show a visible pellet after incubation with either low pH values or high Mg²⁺ concentrations. Only the combined action of Mg²⁺ and pH 5 led to FCP aggregates of a size that could be pelleted by centrifugation. The decreased sensitivity of FCP aggregation to Mg²⁺ and low pH is discussed with respect to the differences in the concentration of the lipids surrounding the FCP and LHCII and the different thylakoid membrane organizations of diatoms and vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Schaller
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Chukhutsina VU, Büchel C, van Amerongen H. Disentangling two non-photochemical quenching processes in Cyclotella meneghiniana by spectrally-resolved picosecond fluorescence at 77K. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:899-907. [PMID: 24582663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms, which are primary producers in the oceans, can rapidly switch on/off efficient photoprotection to respond to fast light-intensity changes in moving waters. The corresponding thermal dissipation of excess-absorbed-light energy can be observed as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Fluorescence-induction measurements on Cyclotella meneghiniana diatoms show two NPQ processes: qE1 relaxes rapidly in the dark while qE2 remains present upon switching to darkness and is related to the presence of the xanthophyll-cycle pigment diatoxanthin (Dtx). We performed picosecond fluorescence measurements on cells locked in different (quenching) states, revealing the following sequence of events during full development of NPQ. At first, trimers of light-harvesting complexes (fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a/c proteins), or FCPa, become quenched, while being part of photosystem II (PSII), due to the induced pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane. This is followed by (partial) detachment of FCPa from PSII after which quenching persists. The pH gradient also causes the formation of Dtx which leads to further quenching of isolated PSII cores and some aggregated FCPa. In subsequent darkness, the pH gradient disappears but Dtx remains present and quenching partly pertains. Only in the presence of some light the system completely recovers to the unquenched state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volha U Chukhutsina
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6703HA Wageningen, The Netherlands; BioSolar Cells, P.O. Box 98, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6703HA Wageningen, The Netherlands; BioSolar Cells, P.O. Box 98, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands; MicroSpectroscopy Centre, Wageningen University, 6703HA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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