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Marhl M. What do stimulated beta cells have in common with cancer cells? Biosystems 2024; 242:105257. [PMID: 38876357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the metabolic parallels between stimulated pancreatic beta cells and cancer cells, focusing on glucose and glutamine metabolism. Addressing the significant public health challenges of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and cancer, we aim to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms driving insulin secretion and cellular proliferation. Our analysis of anaplerotic cycles and the role of NADPH in biosynthesis elucidates their vital functions in both processes. Additionally, we point out that both cell types share an antioxidative response mediated by the Nrf2 signaling pathway, glutathione synthesis, and UCP2 upregulation. Notably, UCP2 facilitates the transfer of C4 metabolites, enhancing reductive TCA cycle metabolism. Furthermore, we observe that hypoxic responses are transient in beta cells post-stimulation but persistent in cancer cells. By synthesizing these insights, the research may suggest novel therapeutic targets for T2D, highlighting the shared metabolic strategies of stimulated beta cells and cancer cells. This comparative analysis not only illuminates the metabolic complexity of these conditions but also emphasizes the crucial role of metabolic pathways in cell function and survival, offering fresh perspectives for tackling T2D and cancer challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Marhl
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia; Faculty of Education, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
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2
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Szeőcs D, Vida B, Petővári G, Póliska S, Janka E, Sipos A, Uray K, Sebestyén A, Krasznai Z, Bai P. Cell-free ascites from ovarian cancer patients induces Warburg metabolism and cell proliferation through TGFβ-ERK signaling. GeroScience 2024; 46:3581-3597. [PMID: 38196068 PMCID: PMC11226691 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Ascites plays a key role in supporting the metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells. Shear stress and carry-over of cancer cells by ascites flow support carcinogenesis and metastasis formation. In addition, soluble factors may participate in the procarcinogenic effects of ascites in ovarian cancer. This study aimed to determine the biological effects of cell-free ascites on carcinogenesis in ovarian cancer cells. Cell-free ascites from ovarian cancer patients (ASC) non-selectively induced cell proliferation in multiple models of ovarian cancer and untransformed primary human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, ASC induced a Warburg-type rearrangement of cellular metabolism in A2780 ovarian cancer cells characterized by increases in cellular oxygen consumption and glycolytic flux; increases in glycolytic flux were dominant. ASC induced mitochondrial uncoupling and fundamentally reduced fatty acid oxidation. Ascites-elicited effects were uniform among ascites specimens. ASC-elicited transcriptomic changes in A2780 ovarian cancer cells included induction of the TGFβ-ERK/MEK pathway, which plays a key role in inducing cell proliferation and oncometabolism. ASC-induced gene expression changes, as well as the overexpression of members of the TGFβ signaling system, were associated with poor survival in ovarian cancer patients. We provided evidence that the activation of the autocrine/paracrine of TGFβ signaling system may be present in bladder urothelial carcinoma and stomach adenocarcinoma. Database analysis suggests that the TGFβ system may feed forward bladder urothelial carcinoma and stomach adenocarcinoma. Soluble components of ASC support the progression of ovarian cancer. These results suggest that reducing ascites production may play an essential role in the treatment of ovarian cancer by inhibiting the progression and reducing the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Szeőcs
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary, 4032
- Center of Excellence, The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Vida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary, 4032
| | - Gábor Petővári
- Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary, 4032
| | - Eszter Janka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary, 4032
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary, 4032
- Center of Excellence, The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- HUN-REN-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary, 4032
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary, 4032
- Center of Excellence, The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoárd Krasznai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary, 4032
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary, 4032.
- Center of Excellence, The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary.
- HUN-REN-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary, 4032.
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary, 4032.
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary, 4032.
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Seo KJ, Yoon JH, Chung BY, Lee HK, Park WS, Chae HS. Effects of photobiomodulation on colon cancer cell line HT29 according to mitochondria. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 257:112966. [PMID: 38970968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Although photobiomodulation therapy (PBMt) is available to alleviate post-operative side effects of malignant diseases, its application is still controversial due to some potential of cancer recurrence and occurrence of a secondary malignancy. We investigated effect of PBMt on mitochondrial function in HT29 colon cancer cells. METHODS HT29 cell proliferation was determined with MTT assay after PBMt. Immunofluorescent staining was performed to determine mitochondrial biogenesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured with Mitotracker. Western blotting was executed to determine expression of fission, fusion, UCP2, and cyclin B1 and D1 proteins. In vivo study was performed by subcutaneously inoculating cancer cells into nude mice and immunohistochemistry was done to determine expression of FIS1, MFN2, UCP2, and p-AKT. RESULTS The proliferation and migration of HT29 cells reached maximum with PBMt (670 nm, light emitting diode, LED) at 2.0 J/cm2 compared to control (P < 0.05) with more expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescent staining showed that ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential were enhanced after PBMt compared to control. ATP synthesis of mitochondria was also higher in the PBMt group than in the control (P < 0.05). Expression levels of fission and fusion proteins were significantly increased in the PBMt group than in the control (P < 0.05). Electron microscopy revealed that the percentage of mitochondria showing fission was not significantly different between the two groups. Oncometabolites including D-2-hydoxyglutamate in the supernatant of cell culture were higher in the PBMt group than in the control with increased UCP2 expression (P < 0.05). Both tumor size and weight of xenograft in nude mice model were bigger and heavier in the PBMt group than in the control (P < 0.05). Immunohistologically, mitochondrial biogenesis proteins UCP2 and p-AKT in xenograft of nude mice were expressed more in the PBMt group than in the control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with PBM using red light LED may induce proliferation and progression of HT29 cancer cells by increasing mitochondrial activity and fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Jin Seo
- Department of Pathology, Uijongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bom Yee Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Uijongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hiun Suk Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yadav N, Babu D, Madigubba S, Panigrahi M, Phanithi PB. Tyrphostin A9 attenuates glioblastoma growth by suppressing PYK2/EGFR-ERK signaling pathway. J Neurooncol 2023; 163:675-692. [PMID: 37415005 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal primary brain tumor with extremely poor clinical outcomes. The anticancer efficiency of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been shown in GBM and other cancer, with limited therapeutic outcomes. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the clinical impact of active proline-rich tyrosine kinase-2 (PYK2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in GBM and evaluate its druggability by a synthetic TKI-Tyrphostin A9 (TYR A9). METHODS The expression profile of PYK2 and EGFR in astrocytoma biopsies (n = 48) and GBM cell lines were evaluated through quantitative PCR, western blots, and immunohistochemistry. The clinical association of phospho-PYK2 and EGFR was analyzed with various clinicopathological features and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. The phospho-PYK2 and EGFR druggability and subsequent anticancer efficacy of TYR A9 was evaluated in GBM cell lines and intracranial C6 glioma model. RESULTS Our expression data revealed an increased phospho-PYK2, and EGFR expression aggravates astrocytoma malignancy and is associated with patients' poor survival. The mRNA and protein correlation analysis showed a positive association between phospho-PYK2 and EGFR in GBM tissues. The in-vitro studies demonstrated that TYR A9 reduced GBM cell growth, cell migration, and induced apoptosis by attenuating PYK2/EGFR-ERK signaling. The in-vivo data showed TYR A9 treatment dramatically reduced glioma growth with augmented animal survival by repressing PYK2/EGFR-ERK signaling. CONCLUSION Altogether, this study report that increased phospho-PYK2 and EGFR expression in astrocytoma was associated with poor prognosis. The in-vitro and in-vivo evidence underlined translational implication of TYR A9 by suppressing PYK2/EGFR-ERK modulated signaling pathway. The schematic diagram displayed proof of concept of the current study indicating activated PYK2 either through the Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII) signaling pathway or autophosphorylation at Tyr402 induces association to the SH2 domain of c-Src that leads to c-Src activation. Activated c-Src in turn activates PYK2 at other tyrosine residues that recruit Grb2/SOS complex and trigger ERK½ activation. Besides, PYK2 interaction with c-Src acts as an upstream of EGFR transactivator that can activate the ERK½ signaling pathway, which induces cell proliferation and cell survival by increasing anti-apoptotic proteins or inhibiting pro-apoptotic proteins. TYR A9 treatment attenuate GBM cell proliferation and migration; and induce GBM cell death by inhibiting PYK2 and EGFR-induced ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neera Yadav
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India
| | - Deepak Babu
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India
| | - Sailaja Madigubba
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500 003, India
| | - Manas Panigrahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500 003, India
| | - Prakash Babu Phanithi
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Room No: F-23/F-71, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India.
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Nagai-Singer MA, Morrison HA, Woolls MK, Leedy K, Imran KM, Tupik JD, Allen IC. NLRX1 functions as a tumor suppressor in Pan02 pancreatic cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1155831. [PMID: 37342194 PMCID: PMC10277690 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1155831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly malignancy with limited treatment options. NLRX1 is a unique, understudied member of the Nod-like Receptor (NLR) family of pattern recognition receptors that regulates a variety of biological processes that are highly relevant to pancreatic cancer. The role of NLRX1 in cancer remains highly enigmatic, with some studies defining its roles as a tumor promoter, while others characterize its contributions to tumor suppression. These seemingly contradicting roles appear to be due, at least in part, to cell type and temporal mechanisms. Here, we define roles for NLRX1 in regulating critical hallmarks of pancreatic cancer using both gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies in murine Pan02 cells. Our data reveals that NLRX1 increases susceptibility to cell death, while also suppressing proliferation, migration, and reactive oxygen species production. We also show that NLRX1 protects against upregulated mitochondrial activity and limits energy production in the Pan02 cells. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that the protective phenotypes associated with NLRX1 are correlated with attenuation of NF-κB, MAPK, AKT, and inflammasome signaling. Together, these data demonstrate that NLRX1 diminishes cancer-associated biological functions in pancreatic cancer cells and establishes a role for this unique NLR in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Nagai-Singer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Holly A. Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Mackenzie K. Woolls
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Katerina Leedy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Khan Mohammad Imran
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Juselyn D. Tupik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA,
United States
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Lu Q, Zou LF, Gao YZ, Ye T, Li MJ, Zhang YK, Liang B, Sun W, Xing DM. Liquiritigenin reverses skin aging by inhibiting UV-induced mitochondrial uncoupling and excessive energy consumption. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1017-1030. [PMID: 36575875 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by UV radiation can lead to lipid, protein, nucleic acid, and organelle damage, one of the core mechanisms mediating skin aging. In the photoaging process, how ROS drives the imbalance of the body's complex repair system to induce senescence-like features is not fully understood. METHODS We irradiated human epidermal keratinocytes with 12 J/cm2 of UVA to establish an in vitro photoaging model. Then we employed whole-transcriptome sequencing and O2K mitochondrial function assay to reveal the photoprotective mechanisms of liquiritigenin (LQ). DISCUSSION We found that skin reduces endogenous ROS by promoting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling in response to UVA-induced damage. However, this also causes excessive consumption and idling of nutrients, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation, and ultimately accelerating the skin aging process. Here, we demonstrated that LQ can reduce stress in keratinocytes, increase oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production efficiency, and block the massive loss of skin nutrients and net energy stress. Furthermore, LQ can promote collagen synthesis and keratinocyte proliferation through the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby reversing photoaging. CONCLUSION This work provides a new skin aging mechanism and solution strategy with high clinical translation value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin-Feng Zou
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan-Zhen Gao
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Jiao Li
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Kun Zhang
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenshe Sun
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dong-Ming Xing
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Johansen A, Thiede B, Anonsen JH, Nilsson GE. Surviving without oxygen involves major tissue specific changes in the proteome of crucian carp ( Carassius carassius). PeerJ 2023; 11:e14890. [PMID: 36915662 PMCID: PMC10007964 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The crucian carp (Carassius carassius) can survive complete oxygen depletion (anoxia) for several months at low temperatures, making it an excellent model for studying molecular adaptations to anoxia. Still, little is known about how its global proteome responds to anoxia and reoxygenation. By applying mass spectrometry-based proteome analyses on brain, heart and liver tissue from crucian carp exposed to normoxia, five days anoxia, and reoxygenation, we found major changes in particularly cardiac and hepatic protein levels in response to anoxia and reoxygenation. These included tissue-specific differences in mitochondrial proteins involved in aerobic respiration and mitochondrial membrane integrity. Enzymes in the electron transport system (ETS) decreased in heart and increased massively in liver during anoxia and reoxygenation but did not change in the brain. Importantly, the data support a special role for the liver in succinate handling upon reoxygenation, as suggested by a drastic increase of components of the ETS and uncoupling protein 2, which could allow for succinate metabolism without excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also during reoxygenation, the levels of proteins involved in the cristae junction organization of the mitochondria changed in the heart, possibly functioning to suppress ROS formation. Furthermore, proteins involved in immune (complement) system activation changed in the anoxic heart compared to normoxic controls. The results emphasize that responses to anoxia are highly tissue-specific and related to organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernd Thiede
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Haug Anonsen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Climate & Environment Department, NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre AS, Stavanger, Norway
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Cheng YT, Nakagawa-Goto K, Lee KH, Shyur LF. MicroRNA-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Involved in the Anti-triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Activity of Phytosesquiterpene Lactones. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:198-214. [PMID: 35850524 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Emerging evidence suggests that modulating redox homeostasis through targeting mitochondrial functions may be a useful strategy for suppressing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) activities. However, whether there are specific microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in regulating oxidative stress-associated mitochondrial functions that can act as therapeutic targets to suppress TNBC activities remains unclear. Here, we aimed to identify the role of redox-associated miRNAs in TNBC and investigated their potential as therapeutic targets. Results: We identified oxidative stress-responsive differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) regulated by phytosesquiterpene lactone deoxyelephantopin (DET) and its novel derivative DETD-35, which are known to inhibit TNBC growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, using comparative miRNA microarray analysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging approaches. Mitochondrial dysfunction was identified as a major biological function regulated by a few specific DEMs. In particular, miR-4284 was identified to play a role in DET- and DETD-35-mediated ROS production, mitochondrial basal proton leak, and antiproliferation activity in TNBC cells. Moreover, DET- and DETD-35-induced mitochondrial DNA damage was observed in TNBC cells and xenograft tumors. miR-4284 was also identified to play a role in oxidative DNA damage in TNBC tumors. Innovation: We identified a novel role for miR-4284 in regulating mitochondrial basal proton leak in TNBC cells, and highlighted its significance in TNBC tumor oxidative DNA damage, and its direct correlation with TNBC patient survival. Conclusion: We used DET and DETD-35 as proof of concept to demonstrate that activities of anticancer agents can involve regulation of multiple miRNAs playing different roles in cancer progression. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 198-214.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Cheng
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kyoko Nakagawa-Goto
- College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,PhD Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Gulaia V, Shmelev M, Romanishin A, Shved N, Farniev V, Goncharov N, Biktimirov A, Vargas IL, Khodosevich K, Kagansky A, Kumeiko V. Single-nucleus transcriptomics of IDH1- and TP53-mutant glioma stem cells displays diversified commitment on invasive cancer progenitors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18975. [PMID: 36348001 PMCID: PMC9643511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a devastating brain tumor with a high mortality rate attributed to the glioma stem cells (GSCs) possessing high plasticity. Marker mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase type 1 (IDH1) and tumor protein 53 (TP53) are frequent in gliomas and impact the cell fate decisions. Understanding the GSC heterogeneity within IDH1- and TP53- mutant tumors may elucidate possible treatment targets. Here, we performed single-nucleus transcriptomics of mutant and wild-type glioma samples sorted for Sox2 stem cell marker. For the first time the rare subpopulations of Sox2 + IDH1- and TP53-mutant GSCs were characterized. In general, GSCs contained the heterogeneity root subpopulation resembling active neural stem cells capable of asymmetric division to quiescent and transit amplifying cell branches. Specifically, double-mutant GSCs revealed the commitment on highly invasive oligodendrocyte- and astroglia-like progenitors. Additionally, double-mutant GSCs displayed upregulated markers of collagen synthesis, altered lipogenesis and high migration, while wild-type GSCs expressed genes related to ATP production. Wild-type GSC root population was highly heterogeneous and lacked the signature marker expression, thus glioblastoma treatment should emphasize on establishing differentiation protocol directed against residual GSCs. For the more differentiated IDH1- and TP53-mutant gliomas we suggest therapeutic targeting of migration molecules, such as CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriia Gulaia
- grid.440624.00000 0004 0637 7917Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Medical Center, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922 Russia
| | - Mikhail Shmelev
- grid.440624.00000 0004 0637 7917Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Medical Center, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922 Russia
| | - Aleksander Romanishin
- grid.440624.00000 0004 0637 7917Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Medical Center, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922 Russia ,grid.410686.d0000 0001 1018 9204School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041 Russia
| | - Nikita Shved
- grid.440624.00000 0004 0637 7917Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Medical Center, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922 Russia ,grid.417808.20000 0001 1393 1398A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, 690041 Russia
| | - Vladislav Farniev
- grid.440624.00000 0004 0637 7917Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Medical Center, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922 Russia
| | - Nikolay Goncharov
- grid.440624.00000 0004 0637 7917Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Medical Center, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922 Russia
| | - Arthur Biktimirov
- grid.440624.00000 0004 0637 7917Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Medical Center, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922 Russia
| | - Irene Lisa Vargas
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XBiotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konstantin Khodosevich
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XBiotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- grid.440624.00000 0004 0637 7917Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Medical Center, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922 Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- grid.440624.00000 0004 0637 7917Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Medical Center, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922 Russia ,grid.417808.20000 0001 1393 1398A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, 690041 Russia
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10
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Ghiulai R, Mioc A, Racoviceanu R, Mioc M, Milan A, Prodea A, Semenescu A, Dehelean C, Barbu Tudoran L, Avram Ș, Trandafirescu C, Șoica C. The Anti-Melanoma Effect of Betulinic Acid Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles: A Mechanistic In Vitro Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1362. [PMID: 36355533 PMCID: PMC9698836 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementing metallic nanoparticles as research instruments for the transport of therapeutically active compounds remains a fundamentally vital work direction that can still potentially generate novelties in the field of drug formulation development. Gold nanoparticles (GNP) are easily tunable carriers for active phytocompounds like pentacyclic triterpenes. These formulations can boost the bioavailability of a lipophilic structure and, in some instances, can also enhance its therapeutic efficacy. In our work, we proposed a biological in vitro assessment of betulinic acid (BA)-functionalized GNP. BA-GNP were obtained by grafting BA onto previously synthesized citrate-capped GNP through the use of cysteamine as a linker. The nanoformulation was tested in HaCaT human keratinocytes and RPMI-7951 human melanoma cells, revealing selective cytotoxic properties and stronger antiproliferative effects compared to free BA. Further examinations revealed a pro-apoptotic effect, as evidenced by morphological changes in melanoma cells and supported by western blot data showing the downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression coupled with the upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax. GNP also significantly inhibited mitochondrial respiration, confirming its mitochondrial-targeted activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Ghiulai
- Department of Pharmacology-Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Milan
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Prodea
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Semenescu
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Lucian Barbu Tudoran
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Biology and Geology, “Babes-Bolyai” University, 5–7 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Electron Microscopy Integrated Laboratory, National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67–103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ștefana Avram
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Deparment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Trandafirescu
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Codruța Șoica
- Department of Pharmacology-Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
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11
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Zhao Y, Qin R. Vitamin D3 affects browning of white adipocytes by regulating autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p53 signaling in vitro and in vivo. Apoptosis 2022; 27:992-1003. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01765-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Lipotoxicity in a Vicious Cycle of Pancreatic Beta Cell Exhaustion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071627. [PMID: 35884932 PMCID: PMC9313354 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a common metabolic disorder in modern society and may precede hyperglycemia and diabetes by several years. Exactly how disorders of lipid and glucose metabolism are related is still a mystery in many respects. We analyze the effects of hyperlipidemia, particularly free fatty acids, on pancreatic beta cells and insulin secretion. We have developed a computational model to quantitatively estimate the effects of specific metabolic pathways on insulin secretion and to assess the effects of short- and long-term exposure of beta cells to elevated concentrations of free fatty acids. We show that the major trigger for insulin secretion is the anaplerotic pathway via the phosphoenolpyruvate cycle, which is affected by free fatty acids via uncoupling protein 2 and proton leak and is particularly destructive in long-term chronic exposure to free fatty acids, leading to increased insulin secretion at low blood glucose and inadequate insulin secretion at high blood glucose. This results in beta cells remaining highly active in the “resting” state at low glucose and being unable to respond to anaplerotic signals at high pyruvate levels, as is the case with high blood glucose. The observed fatty-acid-induced disruption of anaplerotic pathways makes sense in the context of the physiological role of insulin as one of the major anabolic hormones.
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13
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El-Gammal Z, Nasr MA, Elmehrath AO, Salah RA, Saad SM, El-Badri N. Regulation of mitochondrial temperature in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:1043-1051. [PMID: 35780250 PMCID: PMC9492600 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial temperature is produced by various metabolic processes inside the mitochondria, particularly oxidative phosphorylation. It was recently reported that mitochondria could normally operate at high temperatures that can reach 50℃. The aim of this review is to identify mitochondrial temperature differences between normal cells and cancer cells. Herein, we discussed the different types of mitochondrial thermosensors and their advantages and disadvantages. We reviewed the studies assessing the mitochondrial temperature in cancer cells and normal cells. We shed the light on the factors involved in maintaining the mitochondrial temperature of normal cells compared to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab El-Gammal
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt.,Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Nasr
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Elmehrath
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Radwa A Salah
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shams M Saad
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt.
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14
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Heslop KA, Burger P, Kappler C, Solanki AK, Gooz M, Peterson YK, Mills C, Benton T, Duncan SA, Woster PM, Maldonado EN. Small molecules targeting the NADH-binding pocket of VDAC modulate mitochondrial metabolism in hepatocarcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112928. [PMID: 35447542 PMCID: PMC9400819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage dependent anion channels (VDAC) control the flux of most anionic respiratory substrates, ATP, ADP, and small cations, crossing the outer mitochondrial membrane. VDAC closure contributes to the partial suppression of mitochondrial metabolism that favors the Warburg phenotype of cancer cells. Recently, it has been shown that NADH binds to a specific pocket in the inner surface of VDAC1, also conserved in VDAC2 and 3, closing the channel. We hypothesized that binding of small molecules to the NADH pocket, maintain VDAC in an open configuration by preventing closure induced by NADH and possible other endogenous regulators. We screened in silico, the South Carolina Compound Collection SC3 (~ 100,000 proprietary molecules), using shape-based queries of the NADH binding region of VDAC. After molecular docking of selected compounds, we physically screened candidates using mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), as an overall readout of mitochondrial metabolism. We identified SC18, as the most potent compound. SC18 bound to VDAC1, as assessed by a thermal shift assay. Short-term treatment with SC18 decreased ΔΨm in SNU-449 and HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells. Mitochondrial depolarization was similar in wild type, VDAC1/2, 1/3, and 2/3 double KO HepG2 cells indicating that the effect of SC18 was not VDAC isoform-dependent. In addition, SC18 decreased mitochondrial NADH and cellular ATP production; and increased basal respiration. Long-term exposure to SC18, decreased cell proliferation as determined by wound-healing and cell viability assays. In summary, SC18 is a novel VDAC-targeting small molecule that induces mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem A Heslop
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Pieter Burger
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Christiana Kappler
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ashish K Solanki
- Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Monika Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yuri K Peterson
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Catherine Mills
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Thomas Benton
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephen A Duncan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Patrick M Woster
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Eduardo N Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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15
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Phillips MC. Metabolic Strategies in Healthcare: A New Era. Aging Dis 2022; 13:655-672. [PMID: 35656107 PMCID: PMC9116908 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern healthcare systems are founded on a disease-centric paradigm, which has conferred many notable successes against infectious disorders in the past. However, today's leading causes of death are dominated by non-infectious "lifestyle" disorders, broadly represented by the metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Our disease-centric paradigm regards these disorders as distinct disease processes, caused and driven by disease targets that must be suppressed or eliminated to clear the disease. By contrast, a health-centric paradigm recognizes the lifestyle disorders as a series of hormonal and metabolic responses to a singular, lifestyle-induced disease of mitochondria dysfunction, a disease target that must be restored to improve health, which may be defined as optimized mitochondria function. Seen from a health-centric perspective, most drugs target a response rather than the disease, whereas metabolic strategies, such as fasting and carbohydrate-restricted diets, aim to restore mitochondria function, mitigating the impetus that underlies and drives the lifestyle disorders. Substantial human evidence indicates either strategy can effectively mitigate the metabolic syndrome. Preliminary evidence also indicates potential benefits in atherosclerosis, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Given the existing evidence, integrating metabolic strategies into modern healthcare systems should be identified as a global health priority.
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16
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Barreto P, Dambire C, Sharma G, Vicente J, Osborne R, Yassitepe J, Gibbs DJ, Maia IG, Holdsworth MJ, Arruda P. Mitochondrial retrograde signaling through UCP1-mediated inhibition of the plant oxygen-sensing pathway. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1403-1411.e4. [PMID: 35114096 PMCID: PMC8967405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial retrograde signaling is an important component of intracellular stress signaling in eukaryotes. UNCOUPLING PROTEIN (UCP)1 is an abundant plant inner-mitochondrial membrane protein with multiple functions including uncoupled respiration and amino-acid transport1,2 that influences broad abiotic stress responses. Although the mechanism(s) through which this retrograde function acts is unknown, overexpression of UCP1 activates expression of hypoxia (low oxygen)-associated nuclear genes.3,4 Here we show in Arabidopsis thaliana that UCP1 influences nuclear gene expression and physiological response by inhibiting the cytoplasmic PLANT CYSTEINE OXIDASE (PCO) branch of the PROTEOLYSIS (PRT)6 N-degron pathway, a major mechanism of oxygen and nitric oxide (NO) sensing.5 Overexpression of UCP1 (UCP1ox) resulted in the stabilization of an artificial PCO N-degron pathway substrate, and stability of this reporter protein was influenced by pharmacological interventions that control UCP1 activity. Hypoxia and salt-tolerant phenotypes observed in UCP1ox lines resembled those observed for the PRT6 N-recognin E3 ligase mutant prt6-1. Genetic analysis showed that UCP1 regulation of hypoxia responses required the activity of PCO N-degron pathway ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF)VII substrates. Transcript expression analysis indicated that UCP1 regulation of hypoxia-related gene expression is a normal component of seedling development. Our results show that mitochondrial retrograde signaling represses the PCO N-degron pathway, enhancing substrate function, thus facilitating downstream stress responses. This work reveals a novel mechanism through which mitochondrial retrograde signaling influences nuclear response to hypoxia by inhibition of an ancient cytoplasmic pathway of eukaryotic oxygen sensing. UCP1 inhibits the PCO branch of the PRT6 N-degron pathway Inhibition leads to substrate stabilization and altered gene expression Inhibition transduces UCP1 function during development and in response to stress
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barreto
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Charlene Dambire
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jorge Vicente
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Rory Osborne
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Juliana Yassitepe
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Gibbs
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ivan G Maia
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael J Holdsworth
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Paulo Arruda
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genetica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Uncoupling Proteins and Regulated Proton Leak in Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031528. [PMID: 35163451 PMCID: PMC8835771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher concentration of protons in the mitochondrial intermembrane space compared to the matrix results in an electrochemical potential causing the back flux of protons to the matrix. This proton transport can take place through ATP synthase complex (leading to formation of ATP) or can occur via proton transporters of the mitochondrial carrier superfamily and/or membrane lipids. Some mitochondrial proton transporters, such as uncoupling proteins (UCPs), transport protons as their general regulating function; while others are symporters or antiporters, which use the proton gradient as a driving force to co-transport other substrates across the mitochondrial inner membrane (such as phosphate carrier, a symporter; or aspartate/glutamate transporter, an antiporter). Passage (or leakage) of protons across the inner membrane to matrix from any route other than ATP synthase negatively impacts ATP synthesis. The focus of this review is on regulated proton transport by UCPs. Recent findings on the structure and function of UCPs, and the related research methodologies, are also critically reviewed. Due to structural similarity of members of the mitochondrial carrier superfamily, several of the known structural features are potentially expandable to all members. Overall, this report provides a brief, yet comprehensive, overview of the current knowledge in the field.
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18
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Geldenhuys WJ, Piktel D, Moore JC, Rellick SL, Meadows E, Pinti MV, Hollander JM, Ammer AG, Martin KH, Gibson LF. Loss of the redox mitochondrial protein mitoNEET leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:226-235. [PMID: 34496224 PMCID: PMC8478879 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) affects both pediatric and adult patients. Chemotherapy resistant tumor cells that contribute to minimal residual disease (MRD) underlie relapse and poor clinical outcomes in a sub-set of patients. Targeting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the treatment of refractory leukemic cells is a potential novel approach to sensitizing tumor cells to existing standard of care therapeutic agents. In the current study, we have expanded our previous investigation of the mitoNEET ligand NL-1 in the treatment of ALL to interrogate the functional role of the mitochondrial outer membrane protein mitoNEET in B-cell ALL. Knockout (KO) of mitoNEET (gene: CISD1) in REH leukemic cells led to changes in mitochondrial ultra-structure and function. REH cells have significantly reduced OXPHOS capacity in the KO cells coincident with reduction in electron flow and increased reactive oxygen species. In addition, we found a decrease in lipid content in KO cells, as compared to the vector control cells was observed. Lastly, the KO of mitoNEET was associated with decreased proliferation as compared to control cells when exposed to the standard of care agent cytarabine (Ara-C). Taken together, these observations suggest that mitoNEET is essential for optimal function of mitochondria in B-cell ALL and may represent a novel anti-leukemic drug target for treatment of minimal residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, USA; Mitochondria Metabolism and Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Debbie Piktel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA; West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Javohn C Moore
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephanie L Rellick
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ethan Meadows
- Department of Human Performance, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA; Mitochondria Metabolism and Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Mark V Pinti
- Department of Human Performance, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA; Mitochondria Metabolism and Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - John M Hollander
- Department of Human Performance, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA; Mitochondria Metabolism and Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Amanda G Ammer
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Karen H Martin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA; West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Laura F Gibson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA; West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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19
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Johar D, Elmehrath AO, Khalil RM, Elberry MH, Zaky S, Shalabi SA, Bernstein LH. Protein networks linking Warburg and reverse Warburg effects to cancer cell metabolism. Biofactors 2021; 47:713-728. [PMID: 34453457 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It was 80 years after the Otto Warburg discovery of aerobic glycolysis, a major hallmark in the understanding of cancer. The Warburg effect is the preference of cancer cell for glycolysis that produces lactate even when sufficient oxygen is provided. "reverse Warburg effect" refers to the interstitial tissue communications with adjacent epithelium, that in the process of carcinogenesis, is needed to be explored. Among these cell-cell communications, the contact between epithelial cells; between epithelial cells and matrix; and between fibroblasts and inflammatory cells in the underlying matrix. Cancer involves dysregulation of Warburg and reverse Warburg cellular metabolic pathways. How these gene and protein-based regulatory mechanisms have functioned has been the basis for this review. The importance of the Warburg in oxidative phosphorylation suppression, with increased glycolysis in cancer growth and proliferation is emphasized. Studies that are directed at pathways that would be expected to shift cell metabolism to an increased oxidation and to a decrease in glycolysis are emphasized. Key enzymes required for oxidative phosphorylation, and affect the inhibition of fatty acid metabolism and glutamine dependence are conferred. The findings are of special interest to cancer pharmacotherapy. Studies described in this review are concerned with the effects of therapeutic modalities that are intimately related to the Warburg effect. These interactions described may be helpful as adjuvant therapy in controlling the process of proliferation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Johar
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Women for Arts, Sciences and Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Rania M Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacy College, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mostafa H Elberry
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy Zaky
- Hepatogastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy A Shalabi
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Consultant Pathologist, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Larry H Bernstein
- Emeritus Prof. Department of Pathology, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
- Triplex Consulting Pharmaceuticals, 54 Firethorn Lane Northampton, MA 01060, USA
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20
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Andreidesz K, Szabo A, Kovacs D, Koszegi B, Bagone Vantus V, Vamos E, Isbera M, Kalai T, Bognar Z, Kovacs K, Gallyas F. Cytostatic Effect of a Novel Mitochondria-Targeted Pyrroline Nitroxide in Human Breast Cancer Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169016. [PMID: 34445722 PMCID: PMC8396499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as a prospective target to overcome drug resistance that limits triple-negative breast cancer therapy. A novel mitochondria-targeted compound, HO-5114, demonstrated higher cytotoxicity against human breast cancer lines than its component-derivative, Mito-CP. In this study, we examined HO-5114′s anti-neoplastic properties and its effects on mitochondrial functions in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. At a 10 µM concentration and within 24 h, the drug markedly reduced viability and elevated apoptosis in both cell lines. After seven days of exposure, even at a 75 nM concentration, HO-5114 significantly reduced invasive growth and colony formation. A 4 h treatment with 2.5 µM HO-5114 caused a massive loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, a decrease in basal and maximal respiration, and mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production. However, reactive oxygen species production was only moderately elevated by HO-5114, indicating that oxidative stress did not significantly contribute to the drug’s anti-neoplastic effect. These data indicate that HO-5114 may have potential for use in the therapy of triple-negative breast cancer; however, the in vivo toxicity and anti-neoplastic effectiveness of the drug must be determined to confirm its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Andreidesz
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Aliz Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Dominika Kovacs
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Balazs Koszegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Viola Bagone Vantus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Eszter Vamos
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Mostafa Isbera
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (M.I.); (T.K.)
| | - Tamas Kalai
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (M.I.); (T.K.)
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zita Bognar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Krisztina Kovacs
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, 1245 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-536-278
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21
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Yang Z, Li G, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Yuan X, Meng L, Liu H, Han Y, Jia L, Zhang S. Molecular Insights into the Recruiting Between UCP2 and DDX5/UBAP2L in the Metabolic Plasticity of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3978-3987. [PMID: 34308648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is distributed in tumor cells with a link to the support of systemic metabolic deregulation, and the downregulation of UCP2 has been unveiled as a biomarker of oncogenesis and chemoresistance in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, the underlying mechanism of how UCP2 cooperates with other proteins in this metabolic reprogramming remains largely unsolved. We employed a combined computational and experimental strategy to explore into the recruiting of DDX5 with other proteins, and we unraveled the underlying structural mechanisms. We found that recruiting by ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5 (DDX5)/ubiquitin-associated protein 2-like (UBAP2L) might help UCP2 to play the pathological roles in NSCLC cells. According to the view of thermodynamics in physics, UCP2 tends to recruit DDX5 rather than UBAP2L, as shown by the ensemble-based docking, molecular dynamics simulations and molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) approach. Cellular immunofluorescence assays further demonstrated that UCP2 associate with DDX5, and the recruiting of DDX5 with UCP2 at least partially contribute to the metabolic plasticity of NSCLCs via the AKT/mTOR pathway. Our study proposed an efficient way for detecting the protein-protein association via the experimentally validated molecular simulation. Our results shed light on the functional annotation of UCP and DDX family proteins in dysregulated metabolism, and the identification of candidate therapeutic targets for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Guoyin Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yizhen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lingjie Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Huadong Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Lintao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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22
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Sheraj I, Guray NT, Banerjee S. A pan-cancer transcriptomic study showing tumor specific alterations in central metabolism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13637. [PMID: 34211032 PMCID: PMC8249409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in metabolic rewiring of tumors to identify clinically relevant genes. However, most of these studies have had either focused on individual tumors, or are too general, providing a broad outlook on overall changes. In this study, we have first curated an extensive list of genes encoding metabolic enzymes and metabolite transporters relevant to carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation and biosynthesis. Next, we have used publicly available transcriptomic data for 20 different tumor types from The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (TCGA) and focused on differential expression of these genes between tumor and adjacent normal tissue. Our study revealed major transcriptional alterations in genes that are involved in central metabolism. Most tumors exhibit upregulation in carbohydrate and amino acid transporters, increased glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, and decreased fatty acid and amino acid oxidation. On the other hand, the expression of genes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, anaplerotic reactions and electron transport chain differed between tumors. Although most transcriptomic alterations were conserved across many tumor types suggesting the initiation of common regulatory programs, expression changes unique to specific tumors were also identified, which can provide gene expression fingerprints as potential biomarkers or drug targets. Our study also emphasizes the value of transcriptomic data in the deeper understanding of metabolic changes in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Sheraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - N Tulin Guray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory (CanSyl), Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
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23
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Friedrich VK, Rubel MA, Schurr TG. Mitochondrial genetic variation in human bioenergetics, adaptation, and adult disease. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23629. [PMID: 34146380 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondria are critical for the survival of eukaryotic organisms due to their ability to produce cellular energy, which drives virtually all aspects of host biology. However, the effects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in relation to disease etiology and adaptation within contemporary global human populations remains incompletely understood. METHODS To develop a more holistic understanding of the role of mtDNA diversity in human adaptation, health, and disease, we investigated mitochondrial biology and bioenergetics. More specifically, we synthesized details from studies of mitochondrial function and variation in the context of haplogroup background, climatic adaptation, and oxidative disease. RESULTS The majority of studies show that mtDNA variation arose during modern human dispersal around the world. Some of these variants appear to have been positively selected for their adaptiveness in colder climates, with these sequence changes having implications for tissue-specific function and thermogenic capacity. In addition, many variants modulating energy production are also associated with damaging metabolic byproducts and mitochondrial dysfunction, which, in turn, are implicated in the onset and severity of several different adult mitochondrial diseases. Thus, mtDNA variation that governs bioenergetics, metabolism, and thermoregulation may potentially have adverse consequences for human health, depending on the genetic background and context in which it occurs. CONCLUSIONS Our review suggests that the mitochondrial research field would benefit from independently replicating mtDNA haplogroup-phenotype associations across global populations, incorporating potentially confounding environmental, demographic, and disease covariates into studies of mtDNA variation, and extending association-based studies to include analyses of complete mitogenomes and assays of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volney K Friedrich
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meagan A Rubel
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Translational Imaging and Precision Medicine, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Theodore G Schurr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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24
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Coricovac D, Dehelean CA, Pinzaru I, Mioc A, Aburel OM, Macasoi I, Draghici GA, Petean C, Soica C, Boruga M, Vlaicu B, Muntean MD. Assessment of Betulinic Acid Cytotoxicity and Mitochondrial Metabolism Impairment in a Human Melanoma Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094870. [PMID: 34064489 PMCID: PMC8125295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma represents one of the most aggressive and drug resistant skin cancers with poor prognosis in its advanced stages. Despite the increasing number of targeted therapies, novel approaches are needed to counteract both therapeutic resistance and the side effects of classic therapy. Betulinic acid (BA) is a bioactive phytocompound that has been reported to induce apoptosis in several types of cancers including melanomas; however, its effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics are less investigated. The present study performed in A375 human melanoma cells was aimed to characterize the effects of BA on mitochondrial bioenergetics and cellular behavior. BA demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect in both mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in A375 melanoma cells and at sub-toxic concentrations (10 μM) induced mitochondrial dysfunction by eliciting a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and changes in mitochondria morphology and localization. In addition, BA triggered a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect characterized by apoptotic features: morphological alterations (nuclear fragmentation, apoptotic bodies) and the upregulation of pro-apoptotic markers mRNA expression (Bax, Bad and Bak). BA represents a viable therapeutic option via a complex modulatory effect on mitochondrial metabolism that might be useful in advanced melanoma or as reliable strategy to counteract resistance to standard therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604
| | - Oana-Maria Aburel
- Faculty of Medicine “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.-M.A.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (M.D.M.)
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,” Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - George Andrei Draghici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Crina Petean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Codruta Soica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Madalina Boruga
- Faculty of Medicine “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.-M.A.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Brigitha Vlaicu
- Faculty of Medicine “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.-M.A.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Mirela Danina Muntean
- Faculty of Medicine “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.-M.A.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (M.D.M.)
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,” Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
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25
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Cellular oxygen consumption, ROS production and ROS defense in two different size-classes of an Amazonian obligate air-breathing fish (Arapaima gigas). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236507. [PMID: 32730281 PMCID: PMC7392269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In air-breathing fish a reduction of gill surface area reduces the danger of losing oxygen taken up in the air-breathing organ (ABO) to hypoxic water, but it also reduces the surface area available for ion exchange, so that ion regulation may at least in part be transferred to other organs, like the kidney or the gut. In the air-breathing Arapaima gigas, gill lamellae regress as development proceeds, and starting as a water-breathing embryo Arapaima turns into an obligate air-breathing fish with proceeding development, suggesting that ion regulation is shifted away from the gills as the fish grows. In Arapaima the kidney projects medially into the ABO and thus, probably a unique situation among fishes, is in close contact to the gas of the ABO. We therefore hypothesized that the kidney would be predestined to adopt an increased importance for ion homeostasis, because the elevated ATP turnover connected to ion transport can easily be met by aerobic metabolism based on the excellent oxygen supply directly from the ABO. We also hypothesized that in gill tissue the reduced ion regulatory activity should result in a reduced metabolic activity. High metabolic activity and exposure to high oxygen tensions are connected to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), therefore the tissues exposed to these conditions should have a high ROS defense capacity. Using in vitro studies, we assessed metabolic activity and ROS production of gill, kidney and ABO tissue, and determined the activity of ROS degrading enzymes in small (~ 5g, 2–3 weeks old) and larger (~ 670 g, 3–4 months old) A. gigas. Comparing the three tissues revealed that kidney tissue oxygen uptake by far exceeded the uptake measured in gill tissue or ABO. ROS production was particularly high in gill tissue, and all three tissues had a high capacity to degrade ROS. Gill tissue was characterized by high activities of enzymes involved in the glutathione pathway to degrade ROS. By contrast, the tissues of the ABO and in particular the kidney were characterized by high catalase activities, revealing different, tissue-specific strategies in ROS defense in this species. Overall the differences in the activity of cells taken from small and larger fish were not as pronounced as expected, while at the tissue level the metabolic activity of kidney cells by far exceeded the activity of ABO and gill cells.
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26
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Li X, Ren H. Long noncoding RNA PVT1 promotes tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration and inhibits apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma by regulating miR‑150‑5p/GLUT‑1. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1524-1538. [PMID: 32945498 PMCID: PMC7448409 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a cancer with high morbidity and mortality. Research has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical for tumor initiation and development. In the present study, we aimed to ascertain the functions and potential mechanisms of lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in OSCC. Firstly, we found that the expression of PVT1 was increased in human OSCC tumor tissues and it was related to reduced survival of the patients. Furthermore, miR-150-5p expression was downregulated in OSCC tumor tissues and it was negatively related with PVT1. Moreover, GLUT-1 protein expression was upregulated in human OSCC tumor tissues. In addition, cell proliferation capacity was measured by CCK-8 assay and cell invasion and migration were measured by Transwell assay. PVT1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, invasion and migration, while these effects were abrogated by PVT1 downregulation. In addition, luciferase gene reporter assay verified the miR-150-5p directly binds with PVT1, which regulates the biological functions of OSCC. Additionally, luciferase gene reporter assay confirmed that GLUT-1 was a target for miR-150-5p. The promotion of cell proliferation, invasion and migration in LV-PVT1-transfected cells was eliminated following miR-150-5p overexpression. Finally, in vivo nude mouse xenograft model further verified that PVT1 knockdown inhibited tumor growth, formation, invasion and migration. According to the results, PVT1 is increased in human OSCC tumor tissues, and is related to the poor prognosis of human OSCC patients. We uncovered a previously unappreciated PVT1/miR-150-5p/GLUT-1 signaling axis that promotes cell proliferation, invasion, migration and inhibits apoptosis in OSCC cell lines and in vivo, which suggests that this axis could be a target for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Hengjie Ren
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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27
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Barreto P, Couñago RM, Arruda P. Mitochondrial uncoupling protein-dependent signaling in plant bioenergetics and stress response. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:109-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Salamoun JM, Garcia CJ, Hargett SR, Murray JH, Chen SY, Beretta M, Alexopoulos SJ, Shah DP, Olzomer EM, Tucker SP, Hoehn KL, Santos WL. 6-Amino[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4- b]pyrazin-5-ol Derivatives as Efficacious Mitochondrial Uncouplers in STAM Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6203-6224. [PMID: 32392051 PMCID: PMC11042500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule mitochondrial uncouplers have recently garnered great interest for their potential in treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this study, we report the structure-activity relationship profiling of a 6-amino[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-ol core, which utilizes the hydroxy moiety as the proton transporter across the mitochondrial inner membrane. We demonstrate that a wide array of substituents is tolerated with this novel scaffold that increased cellular metabolic rates in vitro using changes in oxygen consumption rate as a readout. In particular, compound SHS4121705 (12i) displayed an EC50 of 4.3 μM in L6 myoblast cells and excellent oral bioavailability and liver exposure in mice. In the STAM mouse model of NASH, administration of 12i at 25 mg kg-1 day-1 lowered liver triglyceride levels and improved liver markers such as alanine aminotransferase, NAFLD activity score, and fibrosis. Importantly, no changes in body temperature or food intake were observed. As potential treatment of NASH, mitochondrial uncouplers show promise for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Christopher J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Jacob H Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Divya P Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Simon P Tucker
- Continuum Biosciences, Pty Ltd., Sydney 2035, Australia
- Continuum Biosciences Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02116, United States
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Childress ES, Salamoun JM, Hargett SR, Alexopoulos SJ, Chen SY, Shah DP, Santiago-Rivera J, Garcia CJ, Dai Y, Tucker SP, Hoehn KL, Santos WL. [1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4- b]pyrazine-5,6-diamine Derivatives as Mitochondrial Uncouplers for the Potential Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2511-2526. [PMID: 32017849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule mitochondrial uncouplers are emerging as a new class of molecules for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We utilized BAM15, a potent protonophore that uncouples the mitochondria without depolarizing the plasma membrane, as a lead compound for structure-activity profiling. Using oxygen consumption rate as an assay for determining uncoupling activity, changes on the 5- and 6-position of the oxadiazolopyrazine core were introduced. Our studies suggest that unsymmetrical aniline derivatives bearing electron withdrawing groups are preferred compared to the symmetrical counterparts. In addition, alkyl substituents are not tolerated, and the N-H proton of the aniline ring is responsible for the protonophore activity. In particular, compound 10b had an EC50 value of 190 nM in L6 myoblast cells. In an in vivo model of NASH, 10b decreased liver triglyceride levels and showed improvement in fibrosis, inflammation, and plasma ALT. Taken together, our studies indicate that mitochondrial uncouplers have potential for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Childress
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Stephanie J Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Divya P Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - José Santiago-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Christopher J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yumin Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Simon P Tucker
- Continuum Biosciences, Pty Ltd., 2035 Sydney, Australia.,Continuum Biosciences Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02116, United States
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Alshangiti AM, Tuboly E, Hegarty SV, McCarthy CM, Sullivan AM, O'Keeffe GW. 4-Hydroxychalcone Induces Cell Death via Oxidative Stress in MYCN-Amplified Human Neuroblastoma Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1670759. [PMID: 31885773 PMCID: PMC6915131 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1670759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonal malignancy that arises from cells of sympathoadrenal lineage during the development of the nervous system. It is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor and is responsible for 15% of childhood deaths from cancer. Fifty percent of cases are diagnosed as high-risk metastatic disease with a low overall 5-year survival rate. More than half of patients experience disease recurrence that can be refractory to treatment. Amplification of the MYCN gene is an important prognostic indicator that is associated with rapid disease progression and a poor prognosis, highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches. In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on identifying anticancer properties of naturally occurring chalcones, which are secondary metabolites with variable phenolic structures. Here, we report that 4-hydroxychalcone is a potent cytotoxin for MYCN-amplified IMR-32 and SK-N-BE (2) neuroblastoma cells, when compared to non-MYCN-amplified SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and to the non-neuroblastoma human embryonic kidney cell line, HEK293t. Moreover, 4-hydroxychalcone treatment significantly decreased cellular levels of the antioxidant glutathione and increased cellular reactive oxygen species. In addition, 4-hydroxychalcone treatment led to impairments in mitochondrial respiratory function, compared to controls. In support of this, the cytotoxic effect of 4-hydroxychalcone was prevented by co-treatment with either the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a pharmacological inhibitor of oxidative stress-induced cell death (IM-54) or the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species scavenger, Mito-TEMPO. When combined with the anticancer drugs cisplatin or doxorubicin, 4-hydroxychalcone led to greater reductions in cell viability than was induced by either anti-cancer agent alone. In summary, this study identifies a cytotoxic effect of 4-hydroxychalcone in MYCN-amplified human neuroblastoma cells, which rationalizes its further study in the development of new therapies for pediatric neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnah M. Alshangiti
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eszter Tuboly
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shane V. Hegarty
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cathal M. McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aideen M. Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard W. O'Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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32
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Klaus S, Ost M. Mitochondrial uncoupling and longevity - A role for mitokines? Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110796. [PMID: 31786315 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been viewed both as a random process due to accumulation of molecular and cellular damage over time and as a programmed process linked to cellular pathway important for growth and maturation. These views converge on mitochondria as both the major producer of damaging reactive oxidant species (ROS) and as signaling organelles. A finite proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane leading to a slight uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and respiration is an intrinsic property of all mitochondria and according to the "uncoupling to survive" hypothesis it has evolved to protect against ROS production to minimize oxidative damage. This hypothesis is supported by evidence linking an increased endogenous, uncoupling protein (UCP1) mediated, as well as experimentally induced mitochondrial uncoupling to an increased lifespan in rodents. This is possibly due to the synergistic activation of molecular pathways linked to life extending effects of caloric restriction as well as a mitohormetic response. Mitohormesis is an adaptive stress response through mitonuclear signaling which increases stress resistance resulting in health promoting effects. Part of this response is the induction of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), two stress-induced mitokines which elicit beneficial systemic metabolic effects via endocrine action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Klaus
- German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Mario Ost
- German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
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Bokil A, Sancho P. Mitochondrial determinants of chemoresistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:634-646. [PMID: 35582564 PMCID: PMC8992520 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance constitute nowadays the major contributor to therapy failure in most cancers. There are main factors that mitigate cell response to therapy, such as target organ, inherent sensitivity to the administered compound, its metabolism, drug efflux and influx or alterations on specific cellular targets, among others. We now know that intrinsic properties of cancer cells, including metabolic features, substantially contribute to chemoresistance. In fact, during the last years, numerous reports indicate that cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy demonstrate significant alterations in mitochondrial metabolism, membrane polarization and mass. Metabolic activity and expression of several mitochondrial proteins are modulated under treatment to cope with stress, making these organelles central players in the development of resistance to therapies. Here, we review the role of mitochondria in chemoresistant cells in terms of metabolic rewiring and function of key mitochondria-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansooya Bokil
- IIS Aragon, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Patricia Sancho
- IIS Aragon, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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34
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Baranovičová E, Galanda T, Galanda M, Hatok J, Kolarovszki B, Richterová R, Račay P. Metabolomic profiling of blood plasma in patients with primary brain tumours: Basal plasma metabolites correlated with tumour grade and plasma biomarker analysis predicts feasibility of the successful statistical discrimination from healthy subjects - a preliminary study. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1994-2002. [PMID: 31419008 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The brain tumours represent a complex tissue that has its own characteristic metabolic features and is interfaced with the whole organism. We investigated changes in basal blood plasma metabolites in the presence of primary brain tumour, their correlation with tumour grade, as well as the feasibility of statistical discrimination based on plasma metabolites. Together 60 plasma samples from patients with clinically defined glioblastoma, meningioma, oligodendrioglioma, astrocytoma, and non-specific glial tumour and plasma samples from 28 healthy volunteers without any cancer history were measured by NMR spectroscopy. In blood plasma of primary brain tumour patients, we found significantly increased levels of glycolytic metabolites glucose and pyruvate, and significantly decreased level of glutamine and also metabolites participating in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, citrate and succinate, when compared with controls. Further, plasma metabolites levels: tyrosine, phenylalanine, glucose, creatine and creatinine correlated significantly with tumour grade. In general, observed changes are parallel to the biochemistry expected for tumourous tissue and metabolic changes in plasma seem to follow the similar rules in all primary brain tumours, with very subtle variations among tumour types. Only two plasma metabolites tyrosine and phenylalanine were increased exclusively in blood plasma of patients with glioblastoma. Based on metabolite levels, an excellent discrimination between plasma from patient's tumours and controls was attainable. The metabolites creatine, pyruvate, glucose, formate, creatinine and citrate were of the highest discriminatory power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Baranovičová
- Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical Center BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Galanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Slovak Medical University, Roosevelt Hospital, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Galanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Slovak Medical University, Roosevelt Hospital, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Hatok
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Kolarovszki
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Commenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Romana Richterová
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Commenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Račay
- Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical Center BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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E6 Oncoproteins from High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Induce Mitochondrial Metabolism in a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Model. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080351. [PMID: 31398842 PMCID: PMC6722992 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells that are positive for human papillomavirus (HPV+) favor mitochondrial metabolism rather than glucose metabolism. However, the involvement of mitochondrial metabolism in HNSCC HPV+ cells is still unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of E6 oncoproteins from HPV16 and HPV18 in the mitochondrial metabolism in an HNSCC model. We found that E6 from both viral types abates the phosphorylation of protein kinase B-serine 473 (pAkt), which is associated with a shift in mitochondrial metabolism. E6 oncoproteins increased the levels of protein subunits of mitochondrial complexes (I to IV), as well as the ATP synthase and the protein levels of the voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC). Although E6 proteins increased the basal and leak respiration, the ATP-linked respiration was not affected, which resulted in mitochondrial decoupling. This increase in leak respiration was associated to the induction of oxidative stress (OS) in cells expressing E6, as it was observed by the fall in the glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) rate and the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonylated proteins, and DNA damage. Taken together, our results suggest that E6 oncoproteins from HPV16 and HPV18 are inducers of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Sun S, Wu C, Yang C, Chen J, Wang X, Nan Y, Huang Z, Ma L. Prognostic roles of mitochondrial transcription termination factors in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3453-3462. [PMID: 31516563 PMCID: PMC6732965 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transcription termination factors (MTERFs) regulate mitochondrial gene transcription and metabolism in numerous types of cells. Previous studies have indicated that MTERFs serve pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of various cancer types. However, the expression and prognostic roles of MTERFs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain elusive. The present study investigated the gene alteration frequency and expression level using Gene Expression Omnibus datasets and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and evaluated the prognostic roles of MTERFs in patients with NSCLC using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. In human lung cancer tissues, it was observed that the mRNA levels of MTERF1, 2, 3 and 4 were positively associated with the copy number of these genes. The mRNA expression levels of MTERF1 and 3 were significantly increased in NSCLC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues; however, the mRNA expression of MTERF2 was significantly decreased in NSCLC tissues. High mRNA expression levels of MTERF1, 2, 3 and 4 were strongly associated with an improved overall survival rate (OS) in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Additionally, high mRNA expression levels of MTERF1, 2, 3 and 4 were also strongly associated with an improved OS of patients with NSCLC in the earlier stages of disease (stage I) or patients with negative surgical margins. These results indicate the critical prognostic values of MTERF expression levels in NSCLC. The findings of the present study may be beneficial for understanding the molecular biology mechanism of NSCLC and for generating effective therapeutic approaches for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Sun
- Department of Radiology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Chunjiao Wu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Changliang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yingji Nan
- Department of Radiology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- Department of Radiology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Ma
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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Zambrano A, Molt M, Uribe E, Salas M. Glut 1 in Cancer Cells and the Inhibitory Action of Resveratrol as A Potential Therapeutic Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133374. [PMID: 31324056 PMCID: PMC6651361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An important hallmark in cancer cells is the increase in glucose uptake. GLUT1 is an important target in cancer treatment because cancer cells upregulate GLUT1, a membrane protein that facilitates the basal uptake of glucose in most cell types, to ensure the flux of sugar into metabolic pathways. The dysregulation of GLUT1 is associated with numerous disorders, including cancer and metabolic diseases. There are natural products emerging as a source for inhibitors of glucose uptake, and resveratrol is a molecule of natural origin with many properties that acts as antioxidant and antiproliferative in malignant cells. In the present review, we discuss how GLUT1 is involved in the general scheme of cancer cell metabolism, the mechanism of glucose transport, and the importance of GLUT1 structure to understand the inhibition process. Then, we review the current state-of-the-art of resveratrol and other natural products as GLUT1 inhibitors, focusing on those directed at treating different types of cancer. Targeting GLUT1 activity is a promising strategy for the development of drugs aimed at treating neoplastic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angara Zambrano
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Microbiologia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 0000000, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Matías Molt
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Microbiologia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 0000000, Chile
| | - Elena Uribe
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Mónica Salas
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Microbiologia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 0000000, Chile.
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38
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Franco DG, Moretti IF, Marie SKN. Mitochondria Transcription Factor A: A Putative Target for the Effect of Melatonin on U87MG Malignant Glioma Cell Line. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051129. [PMID: 29747444 PMCID: PMC6099566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of mitochondrial activity has been associated with cancer development because it contributes to regulating apoptosis and is the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is a protein that maintains mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity, and alterations in its expression are associated with mitochondrial damage and cancer development. In addition, studies have shown that mitochondria are a known target of melatonin, the pineal gland hormone that plays an important anti-tumorigenic role. Thus, we hypothesized that melatonin decreases the expression of TFAM (RNA and protein) in the human glioblastoma cell line U87MG, which disrupts mtDNA expression and results in cell death due to increased ROS production and mitochondrial damage. Our results confirm the hypothesis, and also show that melatonin reduced the expression of other mitochondrial transcription factors mRNA (TFB1M and TFB2M) and interfered with mtDNA transcription. Moreover, melatonin delayed cell cycle progression and potentiated the reduction of cell survival due to treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide. In conclusion, elucidating the effect of melatonin on TFAM expression should help to understand the signaling pathways involved in glioblastoma progression, and melatonin could be potentially applied in the treatment of this type of brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane G Franco
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil.
| | - Isabele F Moretti
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil.
| | - Suely K N Marie
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil.
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39
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Abstract
Mitochondria generate most of the heat in endotherms. Given some impedance of heat transfer across protein-rich bioenergetic membranes, mitochondria must operate at a higher temperature than body temperature in mammals and birds. But exactly how much hotter has been controversial, with physical calculations suggesting that maximal heat gradients across cells could not be greater than 10−5 K. Using the thermosensitive mitochondrial-targeted fluorescent dye Mito Thermo Yellow (MTY), Chrétien and colleagues suggest that mitochondria are optimised to nearly 50 °C, 10 °C hotter than body temperature. This extreme value questions what temperature really means in confined far-from-equilibrium systems but encourages a reconsideration of thermal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Lane
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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40
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Ježek J, Cooper KF, Strich R. Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Dynamics: The Yin and Yang of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cancer Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E13. [PMID: 29337889 PMCID: PMC5789323 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles with a highly dynamic ultrastructure maintained by a delicate equilibrium between its fission and fusion rates. Understanding the factors influencing this balance is important as perturbations to mitochondrial dynamics can result in pathological states. As a terminal site of nutrient oxidation for the cell, mitochondrial powerhouses harness energy in the form of ATP in a process driven by the electron transport chain. Contemporaneously, electrons translocated within the electron transport chain undergo spontaneous side reactions with oxygen, giving rise to superoxide and a variety of other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrially-derived ROS can mediate redox signaling or, in excess, cause cell injury and even cell death. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial ultrastructure is tightly coupled to ROS generation depending on the physiological status of the cell. Yet, the mechanism by which changes in mitochondrial shape modulate mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis is less clear. Aberrant mitochondrial morphology may lead to enhanced ROS formation, which, in turn, may deteriorate mitochondrial health and further exacerbate oxidative stress in a self-perpetuating vicious cycle. Here, we review the latest findings on the intricate relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and ROS production, focusing mainly on its role in malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ježek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Katrina F Cooper
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Randy Strich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
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Thomas F, Ujvari B, Renaud F, Vincent M. Cancer adaptations: Atavism, de novo selection, or something in between? Bioessays 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/MIVEGEC; UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290; Montpellier Cedex France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences; DeakinUniversity; Waurn Ponds Australia
| | - François Renaud
- CREEC/MIVEGEC; UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290; Montpellier Cedex France
| | - Mark Vincent
- Department of Oncology; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
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