1
|
Galatolo D, Rocchiccioli S, Di Giorgi N, Dal Canto F, Signore G, Morani F, Ceccherini E, Doccini S, Santorelli FM. Proteomics and lipidomic analysis reveal dysregulated pathways associated with loss of sacsin. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1375299. [PMID: 38911600 PMCID: PMC11191878 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1375299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is a rare incurable neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the SACS gene, which codes for sacsin, a large protein involved in protein homeostasis, mitochondrial function, cytoskeletal dynamics, autophagy, cell adhesion and vesicle trafficking. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying sacsin dysfunction are still largely uncharacterized, and so attempts to develop therapies are still in the early stages. Methods To achieve further understanding of how processes are altered by loss of sacsin, we used untargeted proteomics to compare protein profiles in ARSACS fibroblasts versus controls. Results Our analyses confirmed the involvement of known biological pathways and also implicated calcium and lipid homeostasis in ARSACS skin fibroblasts, a finding further verified in SH-SY5Y SACS -/- cells. Validation through mass spectrometry-based analysis and comparative quantification of lipids by LC-MS in fibroblasts revealed increased levels of ceramides coupled with a reduction of diacylglycerols. Discussion In addition to confirming aberrant Ca2+ homeostasis in ARSACS, this study described abnormal lipid levels associated with loss of sacsin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni Signore
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Morani
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Ceccherini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Doccini
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee SE, Lim ES, Yoon JW, Park HJ, Kim SH, Lee HB, Han DH, Kim EY, Park SP. Cell starvation regulates ceramide-induced autophagy in mouse preimplantation embryo development. Cells Dev 2023; 175:203859. [PMID: 37271244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide induces autophagy upon starvation via downregulation of nutrient transporters. To elucidate the mechanism by which starvation regulates autophagy in mouse embryos, the present study investigated nutrient transporter expression and the effect of C2-ceramide on in vitro embryo development, apoptosis, and autophagy. The transcript levels of the glucose transporters Glut1 and Glut3 were high at the 1- and 2-cell stages, and gradually decreased at the morula and blastocyst (BL) stages. Similarly, expression of the amino acid transporters L-type amino transporter-1 (LAT-1) and 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc) gradually decreased from the zygote to the BL stage. Upon ceramide treatment, expression of Glut1, Glut3, LAT-1, and 4F2hc was significantly reduced at the BL stage, while expression of the autophagy-related genes Atg5, LC3, and Gabarap and synthesis of LC3 were significantly induced. Ceramide-treated embryos exhibited significantly reduced developmental rates and total cell numbers per blastocyst, and increased levels of apoptosis and expression of Bcl2l1 and Casp3 at the BL stage. Ceramide treatment significantly decreased the average mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondrial area at the BL stage. In addition, ceramide treatment significantly decreased mTOR expression. These results suggest that ceramide-induced autophagy promotes apoptosis by following downregulation of nutrient transporters during mouse embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Eun Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seo Lim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Yoon
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Park
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Bi Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Han
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Mirae Cell Bio, 1502 isbiz-tower 147, Seongsui-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04795, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Pill Park
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Mirae Cell Bio, 1502 isbiz-tower 147, Seongsui-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04795, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio Medical Informatics, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Quiles JM, Gustafsson ÅB. The role of mitochondrial fission in cardiovascular health and disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:723-736. [PMID: 35523864 PMCID: PMC10584015 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles involved in the regulation of various important cellular processes, ranging from ATP generation to immune activation. A healthy mitochondrial network is essential for cardiovascular function and adaptation to pathological stressors. Mitochondria undergo fission or fusion in response to various environmental cues, and these dynamic changes are vital for mitochondrial function and health. In particular, mitochondrial fission is closely coordinated with the cell cycle and is linked to changes in mitochondrial respiration and membrane permeability. Another key function of fission is the segregation of damaged mitochondrial components for degradation by mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). Mitochondrial fission is induced by the large GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and is subject to sophisticated regulation. Activation requires various post-translational modifications of DRP1, actin polymerization and the involvement of other organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes. A decrease in mitochondrial fusion can also shift the balance towards mitochondrial fission. Although mitochondrial fission is necessary for cellular homeostasis, this process is often aberrantly activated in cardiovascular disease. Indeed, strong evidence exists that abnormal mitochondrial fission directly contributes to disease development. In this Review, we compare the physiological and pathophysiological roles of mitochondrial fission and discuss the therapeutic potential of preventing excessive mitochondrial fission in the heart and vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Quiles
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fiserova I, Trinh MD, Elkalaf M, Vacek L, Heide M, Martinkova S, Bechynska K, Kosek V, Hajslova J, Fiser O, Tousek P, Polak J. Isoprenaline modified the lipidomic profile and reduced β-oxidation in HL-1 cardiomyocytes: In vitro model of takotsubo syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:917989. [PMID: 36072861 PMCID: PMC9441769 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.917989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested a pathogenetic link between impaired mitochondria and Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), which is closely connected with catecholamine overstimulation, poor outcomes, and changes in lipid metabolism. We investigated the changes in lipid metabolism at the level of fatty acid β-oxidation and changes in the intracellular lipidomic spectrum. The immortalized cell line of HL-1 cardiomyocytes was used in this study as an established in vitro model of TTS. The cells were exposed to the non-selective β-agonist isoprenaline (ISO) for acute (2 h) and prolonged (24 h) periods. We investigated the impact on mitochondrial adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) production and β-oxidation using real-time cell metabolic analysis, total lipid content, and changes in the lipidomic spectrum using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, modifications of selected lipid transporters were determined using real-time – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or Western blot techniques. By choosing this wide range of targets, we provide a detailed overview of molecular changes in lipid metabolism during catecholamine overstimulation. The present study demonstrates that acute exposure to ISO decreased ATP production by up to 42.2%, and prolonged exposure to ISO decreased β-oxidation by 86.4%. Prolonged exposure to ISO also increased lipid accumulation by 4%. Lipid spectrum analysis of prolonged exposure to ISO showed a reduced concentration of cardioprotective and an increased concentration of lipotoxic lipid molecules during long-term exposure. Decreased lipid utilization can lead to higher intracellular lipid accumulation and the formation of lipotoxic molecules. Changes in the lipid spectrum can induce pathophysiological signaling pathways leading to cardiomyocyte remodeling or apoptosis. Thus, changes in lipid metabolism induced by excessive doses of catecholamines may cause TTS and contribute to a progression of heart failure, which is at increased risk after a TTS episode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Fiserova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cardiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czechia
| | - Minh Duc Trinh
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cardiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czechia
| | - Moustafa Elkalaf
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Lukas Vacek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marek Heide
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Stanislava Martinkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kamila Bechynska
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vit Kosek
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Fiser
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Tousek
- Department of Cardiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Polak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jan Polak,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang SY, Lu YY, Lin YK, Chen YC, Chen YA, Chung CC, Lin WS, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Ceramide modulates electrophysiological characteristics and oxidative stress of pulmonary vein cardiomyocytes. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13690. [PMID: 34662431 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceramide is involved in regulating metabolism and energy expenditure, and its abnormal myocardial accumulation may contribute to heart injury or lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Whether ceramide can modulate the electrophysiology of pulmonary veins (PVs) remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used conventional microelectrodes to measure the electrical activity of isolated rabbit PV tissue preparations before and after treatment with various concentrations of ceramide with or without H2 O2 (2 mM), MitoQ, wortmannin or 740 YP. A whole-cell patch clamp and fluorescence imaging were used to record the ionic currents, calcium (Ca2+ ) transients, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sodium (Na+ ) in isolated single PV cardiomyocytes before and after ceramide (1 μM) treatment. RESULTS Ceramide (0.1, 0.3, 1 and 3 μM) reduced the beating rate of PV tissues. Furthermore, ceramide (1 μM) suppressed the 2 mM H2 O2 -induced faster PV beating rate, triggered activities and burst firings, which were further reduced by MitoQ. In the presence of wortmannin, ceramide did not change the PV beating rate. The H2 O2 -induced faster PV beating rate could be counteracted by MitoQ or wortmannin with no additive effect from the ceramide. Ceramide inhibited pPI3K. Ceramide reduced Ca2+ transients, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ contents, L-type Ca2+ currents, Na+ currents, late Na+ currents, Na+ -hydrogen exchange currents, and intracellular ROS and Na+ in PV cardiomyocytes, but did not change Na+ -Ca2+ exchange currents. CONCLUSION C2 ceramide may exert the distinctive electrophysiological effect of modulating PV activities, which may be affected by PI3K pathway-mediated oxidative stress, and might play a role in the pathogenesis of PV arrhythmogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yu Huang
- Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Cardiovascular Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Lu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ann Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Chung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiang Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Total ceramide levels in cardiac tissue relate to cardiac dysfunction in animal models. However, emerging evidence suggests that the fatty acyl chain length of ceramides also impacts their relationship to cardiac function. This review explores evidence regarding the relationship between ceramides and left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. It further explores possible mechanisms underlying these relationships. RECENT FINDINGS In large, community-based cohorts, a higher ratio of specific plasma ceramides, C16 : 0/C24 : 0, related to worse left ventricular dysfunction. Increased left ventricular mass correlated with plasma C16 : 0/C24 : 0, but this relationship became nonsignificant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Decreased left atrial function and increased left atrial size also related to C16 : 0/C24 : 0. Furthermore, increased incident heart failure, overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and all-cause mortality were associated with higher C16 : 0/C24 : 0 (or lower C24 : 0/C16 : 0). Finally, a number of possible biological mechanisms are outlined supporting the link between C16 : 0/C24 : 0 ceramides, ceramide signalling and CVD. SUMMARY High cardiac levels of total ceramides are noted in heart failure. In the plasma, C16 : 0/C24 : 0 ceramides may be a valuable biomarker of preclinical left ventricular dysfunction, remodelling, heart failure and mortality. Continued exploration of the mechanisms underlying these profound relationships may help develop specific lipid modulators to combat cardiac dysfunction and heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Valene Garr-Barry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Juan Hong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - John Heebink
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Rajan Sah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Linda R. Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shalaby YM, Al Aidaros A, Valappil A, Ali BR, Akawi N. Role of Ceramides in the Molecular Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies of Cardiometabolic Diseases: What we Know so Far. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:816301. [PMID: 35127726 PMCID: PMC8808480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.816301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramides represent a class of biologically active lipids that are involved in orchestrating vital signal transduction pathways responsible for regulating cellular differentiation and proliferation. However, accumulating clinical evidence have shown that ceramides are playing a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of several diseases including cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes and obesity, collectively referred to as cardiometabolic disease. Therefore, it has become necessary to study in depth the role of ceramides in the pathophysiology of such diseases, aiming to tailor more efficient treatment regimens. Furthermore, understanding the contribution of ceramides to the pathological molecular mechanisms of those interrelated conditions may improve not only the therapeutic but also the diagnostic and preventive approaches of the preceding hazardous events. Hence, the purpose of this article is to review currently available evidence on the role of ceramides as a common factor in the pathological mechanisms of cardiometabolic diseases as well as the mechanism of action of the latest ceramides-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef M Shalaby
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Egypt
| | - Anas Al Aidaros
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anjana Valappil
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia Akawi
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eynaudi A, Díaz-Castro F, Bórquez JC, Bravo-Sagua R, Parra V, Troncoso R. Differential Effects of Oleic and Palmitic Acids on Lipid Droplet-Mitochondria Interaction in the Hepatic Cell Line HepG2. Front Nutr 2021; 8:775382. [PMID: 34869541 PMCID: PMC8632770 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.775382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid overload, either of the saturated palmitic acid (PA) or the unsaturated oleic acid (OA), causes triglyceride accumulation into specialized organelles termed lipid droplets (LD). However, only PA overload leads to liver damage mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction. Whether these divergent outcomes stem from differential effects of PA and OA on LD and mitochondria joint dynamics remains to be uncovered. Here, we contrast how both fatty acids impact the morphology and interaction between both organelles and mitochondrial bioenergetics in HepG2 cells. Using confocal microscopy, we showed that short-term (2–24 h) OA overload promotes more and bigger LD accumulation than PA. Oxygen polarography indicated that both treatments stimulated mitochondrial respiration; however, OA favored an overall build-up of the mitochondrial potential, and PA evoked mitochondrial fragmentation, concomitant with an ATP-oriented metabolism. Even though PA-induced a lesser increase in LD-mitochondria proximity than OA, those LD associated with highly active mitochondria suggest that they interact mainly to fuel fatty acid oxidation and ATP synthesis (that is, metabolically “active” LD). On the contrary, OA overload seemingly stimulated LD-mitochondria interaction mainly for LD growth (thus metabolically “passive” LDs). In sum, these differences point out that OA readily accumulates in LD, likely reducing their toxicity, while PA preferably stimulates mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, which may contribute to liver damage progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Eynaudi
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Bórquez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Laboratorio de Obesidad y Metabolismo Energético (OMEGA), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Red de Investigación en Envejecimiento Saludable, Consorcio de Universidades del Estado de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Red Para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de Alta Letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vitamin D 3 Supplementation Alleviates Left Ventricular Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetes: Potential Involvement of Cardiac Lipotoxicity Modulation. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 36:245-256. [PMID: 33661433 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation, in secondary prevention, on cardiac remodeling and function, as well as lipid profile, in a mouse model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes. METHODS Mice were fed a high fat and sucrose diet for 10 weeks. Afterward, diet was maintained for 15 more weeks and two groups were formed, with and without cholecalciferol supplementation. A control group was fed with normal chow. Glucose homeostasis and cardiac function were assessed at baseline and at the 10th and 24th weeks. Animals were killed at the 10th and 25th weeks for plasma and cardiac sample analysis. Cardiac lipid profile was characterized by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS After 10 weeks of diet, mice exhibited pre-diabetes, mild left ventricle hypertrophy, and impaired longitudinal strain, but preserved myocardial circumferential as well as global diastolic and systolic cardiac function. After 15 more weeks of diet, animals presented with well-established type 2 diabetes, pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and impaired regional myocardial function. Cholecalciferol supplementation had no effect on glucose homeostasis but improved cardiac remodeling and regional myocardial function. After 25 weeks, non-supplemented mice exhibited increased myocardial levels of ceramides and diacylglycerol, both of which were normalized by vitamin D3 supplementation. CONCLUSION This work brought to light the beneficial effects of cholecalciferol supplementation, in secondary prevention, on cardiac remodeling and function in a mouse model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes. Those cardioprotective effects may be, at least in part, attributed to the modulation of myocardial levels of lipotoxic species by vitamin D.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jaña F, Bustos G, Rivas J, Cruz P, Urra F, Basualto-Alarcón C, Sagredo E, Ríos M, Lovy A, Dong Z, Cerda O, Madesh M, Cárdenas C. Complex I and II are required for normal mitochondrial Ca 2+ homeostasis. Mitochondrion 2019; 49:73-82. [PMID: 31310854 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic calcium (cCa2+) entry into mitochondria is facilitated by the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), an electrochemical gradient generated by the electron transport chain (ETC). Is has been assumed that as long as mutations that affect the ETC do not affect the ΔΨm, the mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) homeostasis remains normal. We show that knockdown of NDUFAF3 and SDHB reduce ETC activity altering mCa2+ efflux and influx rates while ΔΨm remains intact. Shifting the equilibrium toward lower [Ca2+]m accumulation renders cells resistant to death. Our findings reveal an unexpected relationship between complex I and II with the mCa2+ homeostasis independent of ΔΨm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Jaña
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Galdo Bustos
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Rivas
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cruz
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felix Urra
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Basualto-Alarcón
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Anatomy and Legal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Sagredo
- Centro de Investigación y Tratamiento del Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Melany Ríos
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alenka Lovy
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; Center for Neuroscience Research, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Oscar Cerda
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile.; The Wound Repair, Treatment and Health (WoRTH), Chile
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - César Cárdenas
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mahmod M, Pal N, Rayner J, Holloway C, Raman B, Dass S, Levelt E, Ariga R, Ferreira V, Banerjee R, Schneider JE, Rodgers C, Francis JM, Karamitsos TD, Frenneaux M, Ashrafian H, Neubauer S, Rider O. The interplay between metabolic alterations, diastolic strain rate and exercise capacity in mild heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2018; 20:88. [PMID: 30580760 PMCID: PMC6304764 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-018-0511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is characterized by altered myocardial substrate metabolism which can lead to myocardial triglyceride accumulation (steatosis) and lipotoxicity. However its role in mild HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is uncertain. We measured myocardial triglyceride content (MTG) in HFpEF and assessed its relationships with diastolic function and exercise capacity. METHODS Twenty seven HFpEF (clinical features of HF, left ventricular EF >50%, evidence of mild diastolic dysfunction and evidence of exercise limitation as assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise test) and 14 controls underwent 1H-cardiovascular magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-CMRS) to measure MTG (lipid/water, %), 31P-CMRS to measure myocardial energetics (phosphocreatine-to-adenosine triphosphate - PCr/ATP) and feature-tracking cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging for diastolic strain rate. RESULTS When compared to controls, HFpEF had 2.3 fold higher in MTG (1.45 ± 0.25% vs. 0.64 ± 0.16%, p = 0.009) and reduced PCr/ATP (1.60 ± 0.09 vs. 2.00 ± 0.10, p = 0.005). HFpEF had significantly reduced diastolic strain rate and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), which both correlated significantly with elevated MTG and reduced PCr/ATP. On multivariate analyses, MTG was independently associated with diastolic strain rate while diastolic strain rate was independently associated with VO2 max. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial steatosis is pronounced in mild HFpEF, and is independently associated with impaired diastolic strain rate which is itself related to exercise capacity. Steatosis may adversely affect exercise capacity by indirect effect occurring via impairment in diastolic function. As such, myocardial triglyceride may become a potential therapeutic target to treat the increasing number of patients with HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masliza Mahmod
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
- National University of Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nikhil Pal
- Divisions of Experimental Therapeutics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer Rayner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Cameron Holloway
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Betty Raman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Sairia Dass
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Eylem Levelt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Rina Ariga
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Vanessa Ferreira
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Rajarshi Banerjee
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jurgen E. Schneider
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Christopher Rodgers
- Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jane M. Francis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Theodoros D. Karamitsos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Frenneaux
- Norwich Medical School, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, James Watson Road, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ UK
| | - Houman Ashrafian
- Divisions of Experimental Therapeutics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Oliver Rider
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Walejko JM, Koelmel JP, Garrett TJ, Edison AS, Keller-Wood M. Multiomics approach reveals metabolic changes in the heart at birth. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E1212-E1223. [PMID: 30300011 PMCID: PMC6336953 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00297.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During late gestation, the fetal heart primarily relies on glucose and lactate to support rapid growth and development. Although numerous studies describe changes in heart metabolism to utilize fatty acids preferentially a few weeks after birth, little is known about metabolic changes of the heart within the first day following birth. Therefore, we used the ovine model of pregnancy to investigate metabolic differences between the near-term fetal and the newborn heart. Heart tissue was collected for metabolomic, lipidomic, and transcriptomic approaches from the left and right ventricles and intraventricular septum in 7 fetuses at gestational day 142 and 7 newborn lambs on the day of birth. Significant metabolites and lipids were identified using a Student's t-test, whereas differentially expressed genes were identified using a moderated t-test with empirical Bayes method [false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected P < 0.10]. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to identify pathways enriched on a transcriptomic level (FDR-corrected P < 0.05), whereas overrepresentation enrichment analysis was used to identify pathways enriched on a metabolomic level ( P < 0.05). We observed greater abundance of metabolites involved in butanoate and propanoate metabolism, and glycolysis in the term fetal heart and differential expression in these pathways were confirmed with ssGSEA. Immediately following birth, newborn hearts displayed enrichment in purine, fatty acid, and glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways as well as oxidative phosphorylation with significant alterations in both lipids and metabolites to support transcriptomic findings. A better understanding of metabolic alterations that occur in the heart following birth may improve treatment of neonates at risk for heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn M Walejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jeremy P Koelmel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Arthur S Edison
- Departments of Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia
| | - Maureen Keller-Wood
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kang P, Zhang W, Chen X, Yi X, Song P, Chang Y, Zhang S, Gao T, Li C, Li S. TRPM2 mediates mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of melanocytes under oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:259-268. [PMID: 30138713 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal mitochondrial calcium accumulation plays a critical role in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of melanocytes. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 (TRPM2) is a calcium channel sensitive to oxidative stress. However, whether TRPM2 participates in melanocyte apoptosis under oxidative stress was unknown before. In the present study, we initially found that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced the demethylation of the promoter region in TRPM2 gene and increased the expression of TRPM2 in normal human melanocytes (NHMs). Meanwhile, TRPM2 was overexpressed in lesional melanocytes of vitiligo that is a skin disease caused by melanocyte loss under oxidative stress. Furthermore, either TRPM2 inhibitors or TRPM2 shRNA could ameliorate H2O2-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss in NHMs, which was similar to the effects of an anti-oxidant. More importantly, TRPM2 mediated the calcium influx into the cytoplasm and the mitochondria of NHMs exposed to H2O2, and a specific mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake inhibitor Ruthenium 360 (Ru360) could also protect NHMs from apoptosis and mitochondrial damages caused by H2O2. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that oxidative stress promotes the expression of TRPM2 and thus facilitates mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of melanocytes by increasing calcium influx. Our study indicates that TRPM2 is a potential target for protecting melanocytes against oxidative damages in vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Xuguang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Pu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Yuqian Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Shaolong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shannxi, China.
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shannxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rogalska A, Gajek A, Łukawska M, Oszczapowicz I, Marczak A. Novel oxazolinoanthracyclines as tumor cell growth inhibitors-Contribution of autophagy and apoptosis in solid tumor cells death. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201296. [PMID: 30040861 PMCID: PMC6057680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical modification of known, effective drugs are one method to improve the chemotherapy of tumors. We reported ability of oxazoline analogs of doxorubicin (O-DOX) and daunorubicin (O-DAU) to induce apoptosis and autophagy in ovarian and liver cancer cells. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively), together with intracellular calcium-mediated downstream signaling, are essential for the anticancer effect of these new anthracycline analogs. The changes of mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of the ceramide pathway suggests that these compounds induce cell death by apoptosis. In addition, a significant increase of autophagosome formation was observed by fluorescence assay and acridine orange staining, indicating that the new analogs also induce autophagic cell death. Compared to free DOX- and DAU-treated cells, we observed inhibition of colony formation and migration, a time-dependency between ROS/RNS levels and a greater fall in mitochondrial membrane potential. Altogether, our research broadens the base of molecular oxazolinoanthracyclines targets and reveals that derivatives mediated oxidative stress, ceramide production and increase in intracellular calcium level by mitochondria. Furthermore, our data highlight the importance of mitochondria that simultaneously assume the role of activator of autophagy and apoptosis signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gajek
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Łukawska
- Department of Modified Antibiotics, Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Oszczapowicz
- Department of Modified Antibiotics, Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Carvalho LP, Tan SH, Ow GS, Tang Z, Ching J, Kovalik JP, Poh SC, Chin CT, Richards AM, Martinez EC, Troughton RW, Fong AYY, Yan BP, Seneviratna A, Sorokin V, Summers SA, Kuznetsov VA, Chan MY. Plasma Ceramides as Prognostic Biomarkers and Their Arterial and Myocardial Tissue Correlates in Acute Myocardial Infarction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:163-175. [PMID: 30062203 PMCID: PMC6060200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeted profiling of ceramides identified a 12-ceramide plasma signature that predicted 12-month cardiovascular death, MI, and stroke in 2 prospective cohorts of AMI patients. Among coronary artery bypass grafting patients, plasma ceramides were higher in those with recent AMI compared with those without recent acute MI. Analysis of rat ischemic myocardium revealed a consistent increase in ceramide levels and overexpression of 3 enzymes in ceramide biosynthesis.
We identified a plasma signature of 11 C14 to C26 ceramides and 1 C16 dihydroceramide predictive of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, those with recent AMI, compared with those without recent AMI, showed a significant increase in 5 of the signature’s 12 ceramides in plasma but not simultaneously-biopsied aortic tissue. In contrast, a rat AMI model, compared with sham control, showed a significant increase in myocardial concentrations of all 12 ceramides and up-regulation of 3 ceramide-producing enzymes, suggesting ischemic myocardium as a possible source of this ceramide signature.
Collapse
Key Words
- AMI, acute myocardial infarction
- CABG, coronary artery bypass graft
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- CerS6, ceramide synthase 6
- DDg, data-driven grouping
- HILIC, hydrophilic interaction LC
- LAD, left anterior descending
- MACCE, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events
- MI, myocardial infarction
- SPT, serine palmitoyl transferase
- SPTLC2, serine palmitoyl transferase-2
- SWVg, statistically-weighted voting grouping
- acute coronary syndrome
- ceramides
- dihydroceramides
- major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events
- nSMase, neutral sphingomelinase
- prognosis
- risk prediction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo P de Carvalho
- Federal University of Sao Paulo State, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,National University Heart Center, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sock Hwee Tan
- National University Heart Center, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Zhiqun Tang
- Bioinformatics Institute, ASTAR, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR, Singapore
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Chee-Tang Chin
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Mark Richards
- National University Heart Center, Singapore, Singapore.,Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Richard W Troughton
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Alan Yean-Yip Fong
- Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia.,Department of Cardiology, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Bryan P Yan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Vitaly Sorokin
- National University Heart Center, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Vladimir A Kuznetsov
- Bioinformatics Institute, ASTAR, Singapore.,Nanyang Institute of Technology in Health & Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Mark Y Chan
- National University Heart Center, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Assessment of cytosolic free calcium changes during ceramide-induced cell death in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells expressing the calcium sensor GCaMP6m. Cell Calcium 2018; 72:39-50. [PMID: 29748132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in Ca2+ signaling can regulate key cancer hallmarks such as proliferation, invasiveness and resistance to cell death. Changes in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ and specific components of Ca2+ influx are a feature of several cancers and/or cancer subtypes, including the basal-like breast cancer subtype, which has a poor prognosis. The development of genetically encoded calcium indicators, such as GCaMP6, represents an opportunity to measure changes in intracellular free Ca2+ during processes relevant to breast cancer progression that occur over long periods (e.g. hours), such as cell death. This study describes the development of a MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line stably expressing GCaMP6m. The cell line retained the key features of this aggressive basal-like breast cancer cell line. Using this model, we defined alterations in relative cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]CYT) when the cells were treated with C2-ceramide. Cell death was measured simultaneously via assessment of propidium iodide permeability. Treatment with ceramide produced delayed and heterogeneous sustained increases in [Ca2+]CYT. Where cell death occurred, [Ca2+]CYT increases preceded cell death. The sustained increases in [Ca2+]CYT were not related to the rapid morphological changes induced by ceramide. Silencing of the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase isoform 1 (PMCA1) was associated with an augmentation in ceramide-induced increases in [Ca2+]CYT and also cell death. This work demonstrates the utility of GCaMP6 Ca2+ indicators for investigating [Ca2+]CYT changes in breast cancer cells during events relevant to tumor progression, which occur over hours rather than minutes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Law BA, Hancock WD, Cowart LA. Getting to the heart of the sphingolipid riddle. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 1:111-122. [PMID: 33195889 PMCID: PMC7665081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome induce dyslipidemia resulting in inundation of peripheral organs with fatty acids. These not only serve as substrates for energy production, but also contribute to aberrant production of bioactive lipids. Moreover, lipid metabolism is affected in many cardiac disorders including heart failure, ischemia reperfusion injury, and others. While lipids serve crucial homeostatic roles, perturbing biosynthesis of lipid mediators leads to aberrant cell signaling, which contributes to maladaptive cardiovascular programs. Bioactive sphingolipids, in particular, have been implicated in pathophysiology in the heart and vasculature by a variety of studies in cells, animal models, and humans. Because of the burgeoning interest in sphingolipid-driven biology in the cardiovascular system, it is necessary to discuss the experimental considerations for studying sphingolipid metabolism and signaling, emphasizing the caveats to some widely available experimental tools and approaches. Additionally, there is a growing appreciation for the diversity of ceramide structures generated via specific enzymes and bearing disparate cellular functions. While targeting these individual species and enzymes constitutes a major advance, studies show that sphingolipid synthesis readily adapts to compensate for experimental targeting of any individual pathway, thereby convoluting data interpretation. Furthermore, though some molecular mechanisms of sphingolipid action are known, signaling pathways impacted by sphingolipids remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss these issues and highlight recent studies as well as future directions that may extend our understanding of the metabolism and signaling actions of these enigmatic lipids in the cardiovascular context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britany A Law
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Present Address: Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Duke University, Durham NC
| | - William D. Hancock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - L Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
It is thought that at least 6,500 low-molecular-weight metabolites exist in humans, and these metabolites have various important roles in biological systems in addition to proteins and genes. Comprehensive assessment of endogenous metabolites is called metabolomics, and recent advances in this field have enabled us to understand the critical role of previously unknown metabolites or metabolic pathways in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we will focus on heart failure and how metabolomic analysis has contributed to improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of this critical condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Ikegami
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences.,Division of Molecular Aging and Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Yohko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences.,Division of Molecular Aging and Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Adjustment of Dysregulated Ceramide Metabolism in a Murine Model of Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040839. [PMID: 28420138 PMCID: PMC5412423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction, in particular of the left ventricle, is a common and early event in sepsis, and is strongly associated with an increase in patients’ mortality. Acid sphingomyelinase (SMPD1)—the principal regulator for rapid and transient generation of the lipid mediator ceramide—is involved in both the regulation of host response in sepsis as well as in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure. This study determined the degree and the potential role to which SMPD1 and its modulation affect sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy using both genetically deficient and pharmacologically-treated animals in a polymicrobial sepsis model. As surrogate parameters of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, cardiac function, markers of oxidative stress as well as troponin I levels were found to be improved in desipramine-treated animals, desipramine being an inhibitor of ceramide formation. Additionally, ceramide formation in cardiac tissue was dysregulated in SMPD1+/+ as well as SMPD1−/− animals, whereas desipramine pretreatment resulted in stable, but increased ceramide content during host response. This was a result of elevated de novo synthesis. Strikingly, desipramine treatment led to significantly improved levels of surrogate markers. Furthermore, similar results in desipramine-pretreated SMPD1−/− littermates suggest an SMPD1-independent pathway. Finally, a pattern of differentially expressed transcripts important for regulation of apoptosis as well as antioxidative and cytokine response supports the concept that desipramine modulates ceramide formation, resulting in beneficial myocardial effects. We describe a novel, protective role of desipramine during sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction that controls ceramide content. In addition, it may be possible to modulate cardiac function during host response by pre-conditioning with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug desipramine.
Collapse
|
20
|
QGQS Granule in SHR Serum Metabonomics Study Based on Tools of UPLC-Q-TOF and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Form Protein Profilin-1. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4854720. [PMID: 28367224 PMCID: PMC5358465 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4854720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
QGQS granule is effective for the therapeutic of hypertension in clinic. The aim of this research is to observe the antihypertension effect of QGQS granule on SHR and explain the mechanism of its lowering blood pressure. 30 SHR were selected as model group, captopril group, and QGQS group, 10 WKYr were used as control group, and RBP were measured on tail artery consciously. And all the serum sample analysis was carried out on UPLC-TOF-MS system to determine endogenous metabolites and to find the metabonomics pathways. Meanwhile, ELISA kits for the determination pharmacological indexes of PRA, AngI, AngII, and ALD were used for pathway confirmatory; WB for determination of profilin-1 protein expression was conducted for Ang II pathway analysis as well. It is demonstrated that QGQS granule has an excellent therapeutic effect on antihypertension, which exerts effect mainly on metabonomics pathway by regulating glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, and arachidonic acid metabolism, and it could inhibit the overexpression of the profilin-1 protein. We can come to a conclusion that RAAS should be responsible mainly for the metabonomics pathway of QGQS granule on antihypertension, and it plays a very important role in protein of profilin-1 inhibition.
Collapse
|
21
|
Batova A, Altomare D, Creek KE, Naviaux RK, Wang L, Li K, Green E, Williams R, Naviaux JC, Diccianni M, Yu AL. Englerin A induces an acute inflammatory response and reveals lipid metabolism and ER stress as targetable vulnerabilities in renal cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172632. [PMID: 28296891 PMCID: PMC5351975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the top ten most common forms of cancer and is the most common malignancy of the kidney. Clear cell renal carcinoma (cc-RCC), the most common type of RCC, is one of the most refractory cancers with an incidence that is on the rise. Screening of plant extracts in search of new anti-cancer agents resulted in the discovery of englerin A, a guaiane sesquiterpene with potent cytotoxicity against renal cancer cells and a small subset of other cancer cells. Though a few cellular targets have been identified for englerin A, it is still not clear what mechanisms account for the cytotoxicity of englerin A in RCC, which occurs at concentrations well below those used to engage the targets previously identified. Unlike any prior study, the current study used a systems biology approach to explore the mechanism(s) of action of englerin A. Metabolomics analyses indicated that englerin A profoundly altered lipid metabolism by 24 h in cc-RCC cell lines and generated significant levels of ceramides that were highly toxic to these cells. Microarray analyses determined that englerin A induced ER stress signaling and an acute inflammatory response, which was confirmed by quantitative PCR and Western Blot analyses. Additionally, fluorescence confocal microscopy revealed that englerin A at 25 nM disrupted the morphology of the ER confirming the deleterious effect of englerin A on the ER. Collectively, our findings suggest that cc-RCC is highly sensitive to disruptions in lipid metabolism and ER stress and that these vulnerabilities can be targeted for the treatment of cc-RCC and possibly other lipid storing cancers. Furthermore, our results suggest that ceramides may be a mediator of some of the actions of englerin A. Lastly, the acute inflammatory response induced by englerin A may mediate anti-tumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Batova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Diego Altomare
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kim E. Creek
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert K. Naviaux
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kefeng Li
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Erica Green
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jane C. Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Mitchell Diccianni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Alice L. Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Z, Wu F, Zhang X, Chai Y, Chen D, Yang Y, Xu K, Yin J, Li R, Shi H, Wang Z, Li X, Xiao J, Zhang H. Valproate Attenuates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Cells via the AKT/GSK3β Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020315. [PMID: 28208696 PMCID: PMC5343851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis plays an important role in a range of neurological disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, spinal cord injury, and diabetic neuropathy. Valproate (VPA), a typical antiepileptic drug, is commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and epilepsy. Recently, VPA has been reported to exert neurotrophic effects and promote neurite outgrowth, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether VPA inhibited ER stress and promoted neuroprotection and neuronal restoration in SH-SY5Y cells and in primary rat cortical neurons, respectively, upon exposure to thapsigargin (TG). In SH-SY5Y cells, cell viability was detected by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the expression of ER stress-related apoptotic proteins such as glucose‑regulated protein (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and cleaved caspase-12/-3 were analyzed with Western blot analyses and immunofluorescence assays. To explore the pathway involved in VPA-induced cell proliferation, we also examined p-AKT, GSK3β, p-JNK and MMP-9. Moreover, to detect the effect of VPA in primary cortical neurons, immunofluorescence staining of β-III tubulin and Anti-NeuN was analyzed in primary cultured neurons exposed to TG. Our results demonstrated that VPA administration improved cell viability in cells exposed to TG. In addition, VPA increased the levels of GRP78 and p-AKT and decreased the levels of ATF6, XBP-1, GSK3β, p-JNK and MMP-9. Furthermore, the levels of the ER stress-induced apoptosis response proteins CHOP, cleaved caspase-12 and cleaved caspase-3 were inhibited by VPA treatment. Meanwhile, VPA administration also increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Moreover, VPA can maintain neurite outgrowth of primary cortical neurons. Collectively, the neurotrophic effect of VPA is related to the inhibition of ER stress-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells and the maintenance of neuronal growth. Collectively, our results suggested a new approach for the therapeutic function of VPA in neurological disorders and neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Fenzan Wu
- Science and Education division, Cixi People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315300, China.
| | - Xie Zhang
- Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China.
| | - Yi Chai
- Department of neurosurgery, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Daqing Chen
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Yuetao Yang
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Kebin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Jiayu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Hongxue Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sasset L, Zhang Y, Dunn TM, Di Lorenzo A. Sphingolipid De Novo Biosynthesis: A Rheostat of Cardiovascular Homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:807-819. [PMID: 27562337 PMCID: PMC5075255 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SL) are both fundamental structural components of the eukaryotic membranes and signaling molecules that regulate a variety of biological functions. The highly-bioactive lipids, ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, have emerged as important regulators of cardiovascular function in health and disease. In this review we discuss recent insights into the role of SLs, particularly ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, in the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. We also highlight advances into the molecular mechanisms regulating serine palmitoyltransferase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of de novo SL biosynthesis, with an emphasis on the recently discovered inhibitors of serine palmitoyltransferase, ORMDL and NOGO-B proteins. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating this biosynthetic pathway may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sasset
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Teresa M Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Annarita Di Lorenzo
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Paredes F, Parra V, Torrealba N, Navarro-Marquez M, Gatica D, Bravo-Sagua R, Troncoso R, Pennanen C, Quiroga C, Chiong M, Caesar C, Taylor WR, Molgó J, San Martin A, Jaimovich E, Lavandero S. HERPUD1 protects against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through downregulation of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 90:206-18. [PMID: 26616647 PMCID: PMC4710961 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine-inducible, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducible, ubiquitin-like domain member 1 (HERPUD1), an ER resident protein, is upregulated in response to ER stress and Ca(2+) homeostasis deregulation. HERPUD1 exerts cytoprotective effects in various models, but its role during oxidative insult remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether HERPUD1 contributes to cytoprotection in response to redox stress and participates in mediating stress-dependent signaling pathways. Our data showed that HERPUD1 protein levels increased in HeLa cells treated for 30 min with H2O2 or angiotensin II and in aortic tissue isolated from mice treated with angiotensin II for 3 weeks. Cell death was higher in HERPUD1 knockdown (sh-HERPUD1) HeLa cells treated with H2O2 in comparison with control (sh-Luc) HeLa cells. This effect was abolished by the intracellular Ca(2+) chelating agent BAPTA-AM or the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ITPR) antagonist xestospongin B, suggesting that the response to H2O2 was dependent on intracellular Ca(2+) stores and the ITPR. Ca(2+) kinetics showed that sh-HERPUD1 HeLa cells exhibited greater and more sustained cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca(2+) increases than sh-Luc HeLa cells. This higher sensitivity of sh-HERPUD1 HeLa cells to H2O2 was prevented with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor cyclosporine A. We concluded that the HERPUD1-mediated cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress depends on the ITPR and Ca(2+) transfer from the ER to mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Paredes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838049 Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838049 Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Torrealba
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838049 Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Navarro-Marquez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838049 Santiago, Chile
| | - Damian Gatica
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838049 Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838049 Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838049 Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Pennanen
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838049 Santiago, Chile
| | - Clara Quiroga
- ACCDiS, Cardiovascular Diseases Division, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838049 Santiago, Chile
| | - Christa Caesar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - W Robert Taylor
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jordi Molgó
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Alejandra San Martin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 838049 Santiago, Chile; Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Borodzicz S, Czarzasta K, Kuch M, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A. Sphingolipids in cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:55. [PMID: 26076974 PMCID: PMC4470334 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many investigations suggest the pivotal role of sphingolipids in the pathogenesis of lifestyle diseases such as myocardial infarction, hypertension, stroke, diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity. Some studies suggest that sphingolipids are important factors in cellular signal transduction. They serve as biologically active components of cell membrane and are involved in many processes such as proliferation, maturation and apoptosis. Recently, ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate have become the target of many investigations. Ceramide is generated in three metabolic pathways and many factors induce its production as a cellular stress response. Ceramide has proapoptotic properties and acts as a precursor for many other sphingolipids. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a ceramide derivative, acting antiapoptotically and mitogenically and it is importantly involved in cardioprotection. Further research on the involvement of sphingolipids in cellular pathophysiology may improve the prevention and therapy of lifestyle diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Borodzicz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, First Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland. .,1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Czarzasta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, First Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marek Kuch
- Department of Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Chair and Department of Cardiology, Hypertension and Internal Diseases, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, First Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Talati M, Hemnes A. Fatty acid metabolism in pulmonary arterial hypertension: role in right ventricular dysfunction and hypertrophy. Pulm Circ 2015; 5:269-78. [PMID: 26064451 DOI: 10.1086/681227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex, multifactorial disease in which an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance leads to increased afterload on the right ventricle (RV), causing right heart failure and death. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of RV dysfunction in PAH is limited but is constantly improving. Increasing evidence suggests that in PAH RV dysfunction is associated with various components of metabolic syndrome, such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. The relationship between RV dysfunction and fatty acid/glucose metabolites is multifaceted, and in PAH it is characterized by a shift in utilization of energy sources toward increased glucose utilization and reduced fatty acid consumption. RV dysfunction may be caused by maladaptive fatty acid metabolism resulting from an increase in fatty acid uptake by fatty acid transporter molecule CD36 and an imbalance between glucose and fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria. This leads to lipid accumulation in the form of triglycerides, diacylglycerol, and ceramides in the cytoplasm, hallmarks of lipotoxicity. Current interventions in animal models focus on improving RV dysfunction through altering fatty acid oxidation rates and limiting lipid accumulation, but more specific and effective therapies may be available in the coming years based on current research. In conclusion, a deeper understanding of the complex mechanisms of the metabolic remodeling of the RV will aid in the development of targeted treatments for RV failure in PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Talati
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
20 years of leptin: Role of leptin in cardiomyocyte physiology and physiopathology. Life Sci 2015; 140:10-8. [PMID: 25748420 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of leptin in 1994 by Zhang et al., there have been a number of reports showing its implication in the development of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. However, there exists some controversy about how leptin can induce or preserve cardiovascular function, as different authors have found contradictory results about leptin beneficial or detrimental effects in leptin deficient/resistant murine models and in wild type tissue and cardiomyocytes. Here, we will focus on the main discoveries about the leptin functions at cardiac level within the last two decades, focusing on its role in cardiac metabolism, remodeling and contractile function.
Collapse
|
28
|
Glucagon-like peptide-1 protects the murine hippocampus against stressors via Akt and ERK1/2 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:274-9. [PMID: 25660451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction and neuronal cell death in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an insulinotropic peptides. GLP-1-associated medicines are widely used as treatments for type 2 diabetes. In addition, they have been shown to ameliorate pathology in AD mouse models. Here, we investigated the effects of GLP-1 on different stressors in murine hippocampal HT22 cells. GLP-1 (7-36) prevented H2O2-, l-glutamate-, tunicamycin-, thapsigargin-, and amyloid β1-42-induced neuronal cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. GLP-1 (7-36) treatment for 1 h significantly increased phosphorylated Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) when compared with vehicle-treatment. These results suggest that GLP-1 (7-36) is protective against these stressors via activation of survival signaling molecules, such as Akt and ERK1/2 in HT22 cells. In conclusion, GLP-1 and activators of the GLP-1 receptor might be useful targets for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
|
29
|
Samokhvalov V, Zlobine I, Jamieson KL, Jurasz P, Chen C, Lee KSS, Hammock BD, Seubert JM. PPARδ signaling mediates the cytotoxicity of DHA in H9c2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 232:10-20. [PMID: 25300478 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3, DHA) is an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) known to affect numerous biological functions. While DHA possesses many properties that impact cell survival such as suppressing cell growth and inducing apoptosis, the exact molecular and cellular mechanism(s) remain unknown. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors that regulate many cell pathways including cell death. As DHA acts as a ligand to PPARs the aim of this study was to examine the involvement of PPARδ in DHA-mediated cytotoxicity toward H9c2 cells. Treatment with DHA (100μM) resulted in a significant decline in cell viability, cellular metabolic activity and total antioxidant capacity coinciding with increased total proteasome activities and activity of released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). No changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or accumulation of lipid peroxidation products were observed but DHA promoted apoptotic cell death as detected by flow cytometry, increased caspase-3 activity and decreased phosphorylation of Akt. Importantly, DHA enhanced PPARδ DNA binding activity in H9c2 cells strongly signifying that the cytotoxic effect of DHA might be mediated via PPARδ signaling. Co-treatment with the selective PPARδ antagonist GSK 3787 (1μM) abolished the cytotoxic effects of DHA in H9c2 cells. Cytotoxic effects of DHA were attenuated by co-treatment with myriocin, a selective inhibitor of serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT), preventing de novo ceramide biosynthesis. LC/MS analysis revealed that treatment with DHA resulted in the accumulation of ceramide, which was blocked by GSK 3787. Interestingly, inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) oxidase with MS-PPOH (50μM) abolished DHA-mediated cytotoxicity suggesting downstream metabolites as the active mediators. We further demonstrate that CYP oxidase metabolites of DHA, methyl epoxy docosapentaenoate (EDP methyl esters, 1μM) (mix 1:1:1:1:1:1; 4,5-, 7,8-, 10,11-, 13,14-, 16,17- and 19,20-EDP methyl esters) and 19,20-EDP cause cytotoxicity via activation of PPARδ signaling leading to increased levels of intracellular ceramide. These results illustrate novel pathways for DHA-induced cytotoxicity that suggest an important role for CYP-derived metabolites, EDPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Samokhvalov
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Igor Zlobine
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kristi L Jamieson
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Jurasz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Christopher Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John M Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Shimazawa M, Hashizume T, Hara H. Zonisamide suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuronal cell damage in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 746:301-7. [PMID: 25261037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Zonisamide has been reported to have protective effects on epilepsy and Parkinson׳s disease and to work via various mechanisms of action, such as inhibition of monoamine oxidase-B and enhancement of tyrosine hydroxylase. Recently, it has been suggested that zonisamide itself shows neuroprotective actions. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the neuroprotective effects of zonisamide against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We used human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells and investigated the protective effects of zonisamide against tunicamycin- and thapsigargin-induced neuronal cell death. In addition, we investigated the effect of zonisamide against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced cell death and the mechanism of protection against ER stress. In vivo, we investigated the effect of zonisamide (20 mg/kg, p.o.) in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of Parkinson׳s disease. Zonisamide not only suppressed MPP⁺-induced cell death, but also inhibited ER stress-induced cell death and suppressed the expression of ER stress-related factors such as C/EBO homologous protein (CHOP) in vivo. Furthermore, zonisamide inhibited the activation of caspase-3 in vitro. These results suggest that zonisamide affected ER stress via caspase-3. We think that ER stress, particularly the mechanism via caspase-3, is involved in part of the neuroprotective effect of zonisamide against the experimental models of Parkinson׳s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saori Tsujii
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Mitsue Ishisaka
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Takanori Hashizume
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kuzmicic J, Parra V, Verdejo HE, López-Crisosto C, Chiong M, García L, Jensen MD, Bernlohr DA, Castro PF, Lavandero S. Trimetazidine prevents palmitate-induced mitochondrial fission and dysfunction in cultured cardiomyocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:323-36. [PMID: 25091560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic and cardiovascular disease patients have increased plasma levels of lipids and, specifically, of palmitate, which can be toxic for several tissues. Trimetazidine (TMZ), a partial inhibitor of lipid oxidation, has been proposed as a metabolic modulator for several cardiovascular pathologies. However, its mechanism of action is controversial. Given the fact that TMZ is able to alter mitochondrial metabolism, we evaluated the protective role of TMZ on mitochondrial morphology and function in an in vitro model of lipotoxicity induced by palmitate. We treated cultured rat cardiomyocytes with BSA-conjugated palmitate (25 nM free), TMZ (0.1-100 μM), or a combination of both. We evaluated mitochondrial morphology and lipid accumulation by confocal fluorescence microscopy, parameters of mitochondrial metabolism (mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption rate [OCR], and ATP levels), and ceramide production by mass spectrometry and indirect immunofluorescence. Palmitate promoted mitochondrial fission evidenced by a decrease in mitochondrial volume (50%) and an increase in the number of mitochondria per cell (80%), whereas TMZ increased mitochondrial volume (39%), and decreased mitochondrial number (56%), suggesting mitochondrial fusion. Palmitate also decreased mitochondrial metabolism (ATP levels and OCR), while TMZ potentiated all the metabolic parameters assessed. Moreover, pretreatment with TMZ protected the cardiomyocytes from palmitate-induced mitochondrial fission and dysfunction. TMZ also increased lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes, and prevented palmitate-induced ceramide production. Our data show that TMZ protects cardiomyocytes by changing intracellular lipid management. Thus, the beneficial effects of TMZ on patients with different cardiovascular pathologies can be related to modulation of the mitochondrial morphology and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Kuzmicic
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila López-Crisosto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena García
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Piperazine designer drugs induce toxicity in cardiomyoblast h9c2 cells through mitochondrial impairment. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:178-89. [PMID: 24968061 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abuse of synthetic drugs is widespread among young people worldwide. In this context, piperazine derived drugs recently appeared in the recreational drug market. Clinical studies and case-reports describe sympathomimetic effects including hypertension, tachycardia, and increased heart rate. Our aim was to investigate the cytotoxicity of N-benzylpiperazine (BZP), 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine (TFMPP), 1-(4-methoxyphenyl) piperazine (MeOPP), and 1-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl) piperazine (MDBP) in the H9c2 rat cardiac cell line. Complete cytotoxicity curves were obtained at a 0-20 mM concentration range after 24 h incubations with each drug. The EC50 values (μM) were 343.9, 59.6, 570.1, and 702.5 for BZP, TFMPP, MeOPP, and MDBP, respectively. There was no change in oxidative stress markers. However, a decrease in total GSH content was noted for MDBP, probably due to metabolic conjugation reactions. All drugs caused significant decreases in intracellular ATP, accompanied by increased intracellular calcium levels and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential that seems to involve the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. The cell death mode revealed early apoptotic cells and high number of cells undergoing secondary necrosis. Among the tested drugs, TFMPP seems to be the most potent cytotoxic compound. Overall, piperazine designer drugs are potentially cardiotoxic and support concerns on risks associated with the intake of these drugs.
Collapse
|
33
|
Xuan LL, Shi J, Yao CS, Bai JY, Qu F, Zhang JL, Hou Q. Vam3, a resveratrol dimer, inhibits cigarette smoke-induced cell apoptosis in lungs by improving mitochondrial function. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:779-91. [PMID: 24747163 PMCID: PMC4086386 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of Vam3 (a resveratrol dimer extracted from Vitis amurensis Rupr) on cigarette smoke (CS)-induced cell apoptosis in lungs in vitro and in vivo and the underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B was exposed to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC, 300 mg/L), and cell apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry and Hoechst staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was examined with TMRE staining. ROS and ceramide levels were detected with DCFH-DA fluorescence and HPLC-MS/MS, respectively. Cytochrome c release was detected using immunofluorescence. Caspase-9 and neutral sphingomyelinase 2 expression was measured with Western blotting. The breast carcinoma cell line MCF7 stably expressing GFP-tagged Bax was used to elucidate the role of mitochondria in CS-induced apoptosis. For in vivo study, male mice were exposed to CS for 5 min twice a day for 4 weeks. The mice were orally administered Vam3 (50 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) or resveratrol (30 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) each day 1 h before the first CS exposure. RESULTS Pretreatment of BEAS-2B cells with Vam3 (5 μmol/L) or resveratrol (5 μmol/L) significantly suppressed CSC-induced apoptosis, and prevented CSC-induced Bax level increase in the mitochondria, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation. Furthermore, pretreatment of BEAS-2B cells with Vam3 or resveratrol significantly suppressed CSC-stimulated intracellular ceramide production, and CSC-induced upregulation of neutral sphingomyelinase 2, the enzyme responsible for ceramide production in bronchial epithelial cells. Similar results were obtained in C6-pyridinium ceramide-induced apoptosis of GFP-Bax-stable MCF7 cells in vitro, and in the lungs of CS-exposed mice that were treated with oral administration of Vam3 or resveratrol. CONCLUSION Vam3 protects bronchial epithelial cells from CS-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-ling Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ji Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chun-suo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin-ye Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Feng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin-lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hahn WS, Kuzmicic J, Burrill JS, Donoghue MA, Foncea R, Jensen MD, Lavandero S, Arriaga EA, Bernlohr DA. Proinflammatory cytokines differentially regulate adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, and dynamics. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1033-45. [PMID: 24595304 PMCID: PMC4010657 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00422.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines differentially regulate adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, and dynamics. Macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue and the chronic low-grade production of inflammatory cytokines have been mechanistically linked to the development of insulin resistance, the forerunner of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we evaluated the chronic effects of TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β on adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism and morphology using the 3T3-L1 model cell system. TNFα treatment of cultured adipocytes led to significant changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics, including increased proton leak, decreased ΔΨm, increased basal respiration, and decreased ATP turnover. In contrast, although IL-6 and IL-1β decreased maximal respiratory capacity, they had no effect on ΔΨm and varied effects on ATP turnover, proton leak, or basal respiration. Only TNFα treatment of 3T3-L1 cells led to an increase in oxidative stress (as measured by superoxide anion production and protein carbonylation) and C16 ceramide synthesis. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with cytokines led to decreased mRNA expression of key transcription factors and control proteins implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis, including PGC-1α and eNOS as well as deceased expression of COX IV and Cyt C. Whereas each cytokine led to effects on expression of mitochondrial markers, TNFα exclusively led to mitochondrial fragmentation and decreased the total level of OPA1 while increasing OPA1 cleavage, without expression of levels of mitofusin 2, DRP-1, or mitofilin being affected. In summary, these results indicate that inflammatory cytokines have unique and specialized effects on adipocyte metabolism, but each leads to decreased mitochondrial function and a reprogramming of fat cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S Hahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhu W, Wang X, Zhou Y, Wang H. C2-ceramide induces cell death and protective autophagy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3336-55. [PMID: 24566153 PMCID: PMC3958915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15023336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are second messengers involved in several intracellular processes in cancer cells, amongst others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy of C2-ceramide (C2-Cer; N-acetyl-d-sphingosine) by investigating cell death and autophagy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. C2-Cer showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in HN4 and HN30 cell lines. It simultaneously induced caspase-3-independent apoptosis and programmed necrosis. C2-Cer markedly increased the expression level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) type II associated with protective autophagy. An autophagy inhibitor enhanced C2-Cer-mediated cytotoxicity, while a programmed-necrosis inhibitor produced the opposite effect. Furthermore, C2-Cer up-regulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, but down-regulated its downstream substrate phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) during the autophagy process. These results suggested that C2-Cer exerts anti-tumor effects by inducing programmed apoptosis and necrosis in HNSCC, and these cytotoxic effects are enhanced by an autophagy inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Huiming Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Parra V, Verdejo HE, Iglewski M, del Campo A, Troncoso R, Jones D, Zhu Y, Kuzmicic J, Pennanen C, Lopez‑Crisosto C, Jaña F, Ferreira J, Noguera E, Chiong M, Bernlohr DA, Klip A, Hill JA, Rothermel BA, Abel ED, Zorzano A, Lavandero S. Insulin stimulates mitochondrial fusion and function in cardiomyocytes via the Akt-mTOR-NFκB-Opa-1 signaling pathway. Diabetes 2014; 63:75-88. [PMID: 24009260 PMCID: PMC3868041 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin regulates heart metabolism through the regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Studies have indicated that insulin can also regulate mitochondrial function. Relevant to this idea, mitochondrial function is impaired in diabetic individuals. Furthermore, the expression of Opa-1 and mitofusins, proteins of the mitochondrial fusion machinery, is dramatically altered in obese and insulin-resistant patients. Given the role of insulin in the control of cardiac energetics, the goal of this study was to investigate whether insulin affects mitochondrial dynamics in cardiomyocytes. Confocal microscopy and the mitochondrial dye MitoTracker Green were used to obtain three-dimensional images of the mitochondrial network in cardiomyocytes and L6 skeletal muscle cells in culture. Three hours of insulin treatment increased Opa-1 protein levels, promoted mitochondrial fusion, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevated both intracellular ATP levels and oxygen consumption in cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, the silencing of Opa-1 or Mfn2 prevented all the metabolic effects triggered by insulin. We also provide evidence indicating that insulin increases mitochondrial function in cardiomyocytes through the Akt-mTOR-NFκB signaling pathway. These data demonstrate for the first time in our knowledge that insulin acutely regulates mitochondrial metabolism in cardiomyocytes through a mechanism that depends on increased mitochondrial fusion, Opa-1, and the Akt-mTOR-NFκB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Hugo E. Verdejo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Myriam Iglewski
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Andrea del Campo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Deborah Jones
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Yi Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jovan Kuzmicic
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Pennanen
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Lopez‑Crisosto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Jaña
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Ferreira
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David A. Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota: Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Amira Klip
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph A. Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Beverly A. Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Evan Dale Abel
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Programa de Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|