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Swanson M, Yun J, Collier DM, Challagundla L, Dogan M, Kuscu C, Garrett MR, Regner KR, Chung JH, Park F. Removal of the catalytic subunit of DNA-protein kinase in the proximal tubules promotes DNA and tubular damage during kidney injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.22.609216. [PMID: 39229063 PMCID: PMC11370575 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.22.609216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Tubular epithelial cell damage can be repaired through a series of complex signaling pathways. An early event in many forms of tubular damage is the observation of DNA damage, which can be repaired by specific pathways depending upon the type of genomic alteration.. In this study, we report that the catalytic subunit of DNA protein kinase (DNA-PKcs), a central DNA repair enzyme involved in sensing DNA damage and performing double stranded DNA break repair, plays an important role in the extent of tubular epithelial cell damage following exposure to injurious acute and chronic stimuli. Selective loss of DNA-PKcs in the proximal tubules led to increased markers of kidney dysfunction, DNA damage, and tubular epithelial cell injury in multiple models of acute kidney injury, specifically bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and single dose of cisplatin (15 mg/kg IP). In contrast, in a mouse model of kidney fibrosis and chronic kidney disease (UUO),the protective effects of DNA-PKcs was not as obvious histologically from the tissue sections. In the absence of proximal tubular DNA-PKcs, there was reduced levels of fibrotic markers, α-SMA and fibronectin, which suggests that there may be a biphasic role of DNA-PKcs depending upon the conditions exerted upon the kidney. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the catalytic subunit of DNA-PKcs plays a context-dependent role in the kidney to reduce DNA damage during exposure to various types of acute, but not chronic forms of injurious stimuli.
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2
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Wang Y, Sun N, He R, Wang Z, Jin J, Gao T, Qu J. Molecular characterization of m6A RNA methylation regulators with features of immune dysregulation in IgA nephropathy. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:92. [PMID: 38693353 PMCID: PMC11062981 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The role of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in immunity is being elucidated. This study aimed to explore the potential association between m6A regulators and the immune microenvironment in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The expression profiles of 24 m6A regulators in 107 IgAN patients were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and logistic regression analysis were utilized to construct a model for distinguishing IgAN from control samples. Based on the expression levels of m6A regulators, unsupervised clustering was used to identify m6A-induced molecular clusters in IgAN. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immunocyte infiltration among different clusters were examined. The gene modules with the highest correlation for each of the three clusters were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A model containing 10 m6A regulators was developed using LASSO and logistic regression analyses. Three molecular clusters were determined using consensus clustering of 24 m6A regulators. A decrease in the expression level of YTHDF2 in IgAN samples was significantly negatively correlated with an increase in resting natural killer (NK) cell infiltration and was positively correlated with the abundance of M2 macrophage infiltration. The risk scores calculated by the nomogram were significantly higher for cluster-3, and the expression levels of m6A regulators in this cluster were generally low. Immunocyte infiltration and pathway enrichment results for cluster-3 differed significantly from those for the other two clusters. Finally, the expression of YTHDF2 was significantly decreased in IgAN based on immunohistochemical staining. This study demonstrated that m6A methylation regulators play a significant role in the regulation of the immune microenvironment in IgAN. Based on m6A regulator expression patterns, IgAN can be classified into multiple subtypes, which might provide additional insights into novel therapeutic methods for IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Rui He
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zida Wang
- Department of Emergency, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jingsi Jin
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Emergency, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Junwen Qu
- Department of Urology, Jiading Branch, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201899, China.
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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3
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Zhu J, Xiang X, Shi L, Song Z, Dong Z. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Cold Storage-associated Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00730. [PMID: 38632678 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000005016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is acknowledged that ischemia-reperfusion injury is the primary pathology of cold storage-associated kidney transplantation, its underlying mechanism is not well elucidated. METHODS To extend the understanding of molecular events and mine hub genes posttransplantation, we performed bulk RNA sequencing at different time points (24 h, day 7, and day 14) on a murine kidney transplantation model with prolonged cold storage (10 h). RESULTS In the present study, we showed that genes related to the regulation of apoptotic process, DNA damage response, cell cycle/proliferation, and inflammatory response were steadily elevated at 24 h and day 7. The upregulated gene profiling delicately transformed to extracellular matrix organization and fibrosis at day 14. It is prominent that metabolism-associated genes persistently took the first place among downregulated genes. The gene ontology terms of particular note to enrich are fatty acid oxidation and mitochondria energy metabolism. Correspondingly, the key enzymes of the above processes were the products of hub genes as recognized. Moreover, we highlighted the proximal tubular cell-specific increased genes at 24 h by combining the data with public RNA-Seq performed on proximal tubules. We also focused on ferroptosis-related genes and fatty acid oxidation genes to show profound gene dysregulation in kidney transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive characterization of transcriptomic analysis may help provide diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefu Zhu
- Department of Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA
| | - Xiaohong Xiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lang Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixia Song
- Department of Nephrology, The First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Center People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA
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Taguchi K, Sugahara S, Elias BC, Pabla NS, Canaud G, Brooks CR. IL-22 is secreted by proximal tubule cells and regulates DNA damage response and cell death in acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2024; 105:99-114. [PMID: 38054920 PMCID: PMC11068062 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects over 13 million people worldwide annually and is associated with a 4-fold increase in mortality. Our lab and others have shown that DNA damage response (DDR) governs the outcome of AKI in a bimodal manner. Activation of DDR sensor kinases protects against AKI, while hyperactivation of DDR effector proteins, such as p53, induces cell death and worsens AKI. The factors that trigger DDR to switch from pro-repair to pro-cell death remain to be resolved. Here we investigated the role of interleukin 22 (IL-22), an IL-10 family member whose receptor (IL-22RA1) is expressed on proximal tubule cells (PTCs), in DDR activation and AKI. Using cisplatin and aristolochic acid (AA) induced nephropathy as models of DNA damage, we identified PTCs as a novel source of urinary IL-22. Functionally, IL-22 binding IL-22RA1 on PTCs amplified the DDR. Treating primary PTCs with IL-22 alone induced rapid activation of the DDR. The combination of IL-22 and either cisplatin- or AA-induced cell death in primary PTCs, while the same dose of cisplatin or AA alone did not. Global deletion of IL-22 protected against cisplatin- or AA-induced AKI, reduced expression of DDR components, and inhibited PTC cell death. To confirm PTC IL-22 signaling contributed to AKI, we knocked out IL-22RA1 specifically in kidney tubule cells. IL-22RA1ΔTub mice displayed reduced DDR activation, cell death, and kidney injury compared to controls. Thus, targeting IL-22 represents a novel therapeutic approach to prevent the negative consequences of the DDR activation while not interfering with repair of damaged DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensei Taguchi
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sho Sugahara
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bertha C Elias
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Navjot S Pabla
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Guillaume Canaud
- Overgrowth Syndrome and Vascular Anomalies Unit, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Craig R Brooks
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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5
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Wang W, Zhang H, Sandai D, Zhao R, Bai J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang HL, Song ZJ. ATP-induced cell death: a novel hypothesis for osteoporosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1324213. [PMID: 38161333 PMCID: PMC10755924 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1324213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-induced cell death has emerged as a captivating realm of inquiry with profound ramifications in the context of osteoporosis. This study unveils a paradigm-shifting hypothesis that illuminates the prospective involvement of ATP-induced cellular demise in the etiology of osteoporosis. Initially, we explicate the morphological attributes of ATP-induced cell death and delve into the intricacies of the molecular machinery and regulatory networks governing ATP homeostasis and ATP-induced cell death. Subsequently, our focus pivots towards the multifaceted interplay between ATP-induced cellular demise and pivotal cellular protagonists, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, accentuating their potential contributions to secondary osteoporosis phenotypes, encompassing diabetic osteoporosis, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, and postmenopausal osteoporosis. Furthermore, we probe the captivating interplay between ATP-induced cellular demise and alternative modalities of cellular demise, encompassing apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. Through an all-encompassing inquiry into the intricate nexus connecting ATP-induced cellular demise and osteoporosis, our primary goal is to deepen our comprehension of the underlying mechanisms propelling this malady and establish a theoretical bedrock to underpin the development of pioneering therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haolong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Doblin Sandai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rui Zhao
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinxia Bai
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Pathology Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zhi-Jing Song
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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6
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Zhang C, Zheng Z, Xu K, Cheng G, Wu H, Liu J. Proximal Tubular Lats2 Ablation Exacerbates Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (IRI)-Induced Renal Maladaptive Repair through the Upregulation of P53. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15258. [PMID: 37894939 PMCID: PMC10607662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway mediates renal maladaptive repair after acute kidney injury (AKI), which has been considered a driving force in the progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). LATS2, a core kinase of the Hippo pathway, exerts non-Hippo-dependent functions in the regulation of the cell cycle and cell fate, providing new insights into AKI and further repair. However, its role remains unknown. Here, we utilized a proximal tubular Lats2 conditional knockout mouse strain (Lats2-CKO) to evaluate the effect of LATS2 deficiency on ischemia/reperfusion-induced AKI-to-CKD transition. Lats2-CKO mice presented with more severe tubular maladaptive repair, inflammatory infiltration, interstitial fibrosis, and apoptosis following AKI. Importantly, we discovered that Lats2 ablation caused the activation of p53, with increased levels of cellular apoptotic molecules (p21, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3), and decreased levels of anti-apoptotic molecules (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL). Pifithirin-α (p53 inhibitor) effectively attenuated renal fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis in Lats2-CKO mice after AKI. Consistently, in vitro Lats2 overexpression decreased p53, p21, Bax and cleaved caspase 3 expression after hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment. Of note, the phosphorylation of MDM2, which promotes the ubiquitination degradation of p53, at site Ser186 was decreased in Lats2-CKO kidneys, but increased by Lats2 overexpression in vitro. Therefore, LATS2 deficiency aggravated ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced maladaptive repair via regulating the tubular MDM2-p53 axis in AKI-to-CKD transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhihuang Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guozhe Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
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7
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Dominguez JH, Xie D, Kelly KJ. Renal, but not platelet or skin, extracellular vesicles decrease oxidative stress, enhance nascent peptide synthesis, and protect from ischemic renal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F164-F176. [PMID: 37318988 PMCID: PMC10393335 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00321.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is deadly and expensive, and specific, effective therapy remains a large unmet need. We have demonstrated the beneficial effects of transplanted adult tubular cells and extracellular vesicles (EVs; exosomes) derived from those renal cells on experimental ischemic AKI, even when administered after renal failure is established. To further examine the mechanisms of benefit with renal EVs, we tested the hypothesis that EVs from other epithelia or platelets (a rich source of EVs) might be protective, using a well-characterized ischemia-reperfusion model. When given after renal failure was present, renal EVs, but not those from skin or platelets, markedly improved renal function and histology. The differential effects allowed us to examine the mechanisms of benefit with renal EVs. We found significant decreases in oxidative stress postischemia in the renal EV-treated group with preservation of renal superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as increases in anti-inflammatory interleukin-10. In addition, we propose a novel mechanism of benefit: renal EVs enhanced nascent peptide synthesis following hypoxia in cells and in postischemic kidneys. Although EVs have been used therapeutically, these results serve as "proof of principle" to examine the mechanisms of injury and protection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Acute kidney injury is common and deadly, yet the only approved treatment is dialysis. Thus, a better understanding of injury mechanisms and potential therapies is needed. We found that organ-specific, but not extrarenal, extracellular vesicles improved renal function and structure postischemia when given after renal failure occurred. Oxidative stress was decreased and anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 increased with renal, but not skin or platelet, exosomes. We also propose enhanced nascent peptide synthesis as a novel protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus H. Dominguez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Danhui Xie
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - K. J. Kelly
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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8
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Taguchi K, Sugahara S, Elias BC, Pabla N, Canaud G, Brooks CR. IL-22 promotes acute kidney injury through activation of the DNA damage response and cell death in proximal tubule cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.08.544134. [PMID: 37333314 PMCID: PMC10274795 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.544134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects over 13 million people world-wide annually and is associated with a fourfold increase in mortality. Our lab and others have shown that DNA damage response (DDR) governs the outcome of AKI in a bimodal manner. Activation of DDR sensor kinases protects against AKI, while hyperactivation of DDR effector proteins, such as p53, induces to cell death and worsens AKI. The factors that trigger the switch from pro-reparative to pro-cell death DDR remain to be resolved. Here we investigate the role of interleukin 22 (IL-22), an IL-10 family member whose receptor (IL-22RA1) is expressed on proximal tubule cells (PTCs), in DDR activation and AKI. Using cisplatin and aristolochic acid (AA) induced nephropathy as models of DNA damage, we identify PTCs as a novel source of urinary IL-22, making PTCs the only epithelial cells known to secret IL-22, to our knowledge. Functionally, IL-22 binding its receptor (IL-22RA1) on PTCs amplifies the DDR. Treating primary PTCs with IL-22 alone induces rapid activation of the DDR in vitro. The combination of IL-22 + cisplatin or AA treatment on primary PTCs induces cell death, while the same dose of cisplatin or AA alone does not. Global deletion of IL-22 protects against cisplatin or AA induced AKI. IL-22 deletion reduces expression of components of the DDR and inhibits PTC cell death. To confirm PTC IL-22 signaling contributes to AKI, we knocked out IL-22RA1 in renal epithelial cells by crossing IL-22RA1floxed mice with Six2-Cre mice. IL-22RA1 KO reduced DDR activation, cell death, and kidney injury. These data demonstrate that IL-22 promotes DDR activation in PTCs, switching pro-recovery DDR responses to a pro-cell death response and worsening AKI. Targeting IL-22 represents a novel therapeutic approach to prevent the negative consequences of the DDR activation while not interfering with the processes necessary for repair of damaged DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensei Taguchi
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sho Sugahara
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bertha C Elias
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Navjot Pabla
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Guillaume Canaud
- Overgrowth Syndrome and Vascular Anomalies Unit, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Craig R Brooks
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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9
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He L, Wang B, Wang X, Liu Y, Song X, Zhang Y, Li X, Yang H. Uncover diagnostic immunity/hypoxia/ferroptosis/epithelial mesenchymal transformation-related CCR5, CD86, CD8A, ITGAM, and PTPRC in kidney transplantation patients with allograft rejection. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1850-1865. [PMID: 36330810 PMCID: PMC9639483 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2141648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify predictive immunity/hypoxia/ferroptosis/epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT)-related biomarkers, pathways and new drugs in allograft rejection in kidney transplant patients. First, gene expression data were downloaded followed by identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Second, diagnostic model was construction based on key genes, followed by correlation analysis between immune/hypoxia/ferroptosis/EMT and key diagnostic genes. Finally, drug prediction of diagnostic key genes was carried out. Five diagnostic genes were further identified, including CCR5, CD86, CD8A, ITGAM, and PTPRC, which were positively correlated with allograft rejection after the kidney transplant. Highly infiltrated immune cells, highly expression of hypoxia-related genes and activated status of EMT were significantly positively correlated with five diagnostic genes. Interestingly, suppressors of ferroptosis (SOFs) and drivers of ferroptosis (DOFs) showed a complex regulatory relationship between ferroptosis and five diagnostic genes. CD86, CCR5, and ITGAM were respectively drug target of ABATACEPT, MARAVIROC, and CLARITHROMYCIN. PTPRC was drug target of both PREDNISONE and EPOETIN BETA. In conclusion, the study could be useful in understanding changes in the microenvironment within transplantation, which may promote or sustain the development of allograft rejection after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long He
- Organ Transplantation Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang City, China
| | - Boqian Wang
- Organ Transplantation Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang City, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- Organ Transplantation Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang City, China
| | - Yuewen Liu
- Organ Transplantation Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang City, China
| | - Xing Song
- Organ Transplantation Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang City, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Organ Transplantation Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang City, China
| | - Xin Li
- Organ Transplantation Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang City, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang City, China
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10
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Wang J, Shen F, Liu F, Zhuang S. Histone Modifications in Acute Kidney Injury. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 8:466-477. [PMID: 36590679 PMCID: PMC9798838 DOI: 10.1159/000527799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious clinical problem associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathophysiology and pathogenesis of AKI is complex and multifactorial. In recent years, epigenetics has emerged as an important regulatory mechanism in AKI. Summary There are several types of histone modification, including methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, crotonylation, citrullination, and sumoylation. Histone modifications are associated with the transcription of many genes and activation of multiple signaling pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of AKI. Thus, targeting histone modification may offer novel strategies to protect kidneys from AKI and enhance kidney repair and recovery. In this review, we summarize recent advances on the modification, regulation, and implication of histone modifications in AKI. Key Messages Histone modifications contribute to the pathogenesis of AKI. Understanding of epigenetic regulation in AKI will aid in establishing the utility of pharmacologic targeting of histone modification as a potential novel therapy for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengchen Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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11
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Airik M, Phua YL, Huynh AB, McCourt BT, Rush BM, Tan RJ, Vockley J, Murray SL, Dorman A, Conlon PJ, Airik R. Persistent DNA damage underlies tubular cell polyploidization and progression to chronic kidney disease in kidneys deficient in the DNA repair protein FAN1. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1042-1056. [PMID: 35931300 PMCID: PMC9588672 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Defective DNA repair pathways contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying DNA damage-induced CKD pathogenesis are not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of tubular cell DNA damage in the pathogenesis of CKD using mice in which the DNA repair protein Fan1 was knocked out. The phenotype of these mice is orthologous to the human DNA damage syndrome, karyomegalic interstitial nephritis (KIN). Inactivation of Fan1 in kidney proximal tubule cells sensitized the kidneys to genotoxic and obstructive injury characterized by replication stress and persistent DNA damage response activity. Accumulation of DNA damage in Fan1 tubular cells induced epithelial dedifferentiation and tubular injury. Characteristic to KIN, cells with chronic DNA damage failed to complete mitosis and underwent polyploidization. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that polyploidization was caused by the overexpression of DNA replication factors CDT1 and CDC6 in FAN1 deficient cells. Mechanistically, inhibiting DNA replication with Roscovitine reduced tubular injury, blocked the development of KIN and mitigated kidney function in these Fan1 knockout mice. Thus, our data delineate a mechanistic pathway by which persistent DNA damage in the kidney tubular cells leads to kidney injury and development of CKD. Furthermore, therapeutic modulation of cell cycle activity may provide an opportunity to mitigate the DNA damage response induced CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Airik
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu Leng Phua
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amy B Huynh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Blake T McCourt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brittney M Rush
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roderick J Tan
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan L Murray
- Department of Nephrology, Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anthony Dorman
- Department of Nephrology, Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter J Conlon
- Department of Nephrology, Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rannar Airik
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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12
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Wang Z, Zhang C. From AKI to CKD: Maladaptive Repair and the Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810880. [PMID: 36142787 PMCID: PMC9504835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a pathological condition in which the glomerular filtration rate decreases rapidly over a short period of time, resulting in changes in the physiological function and tissue structure of the kidney. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that there is an inseparable relationship between acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD). With the progress in research in this area, researchers have found that the recovery of AKI may also result in the occurrence of CKD due to its own maladaptation and other potential mechanisms, which involve endothelial cell injury, inflammatory reactions, progression to fibrosis and other pathways that promote the progress of the disease. Based on these findings, this review summarizes the occurrence and potential mechanisms of maladaptive repair in the progression of AKI to CKD and explores possible treatment strategies in this process so as to provide a reference for the inhibition of the progression of AKI to CKD.
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13
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2-Mercaptoethanol protects against DNA double-strand breaks after kidney ischemia and reperfusion injury through GPX4 upregulation. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1041-1053. [PMID: 35989399 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is characterized by tubular cell death. DNA double-strand breaks is one of the major sources of tubular cell death induced by IRI. 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME) is protective against DNA double-strand breaks derived from calf thymus and bovine embryo. Here, we sought to determine whether treatment with 2-ME attenuated DNA double-strand breaks, resulting in reduced kidney dysfunction and structural damage in IRI. METHODS Kidney IRI or sham-operation in mice was carried out. The mice were treated with 2-ME, Ras-selective lethal 3, or vehicle. Kidney function, tubular injury, DNA damage, antioxidant enzyme expression, and DNA damage response (DDR) kinases activation were assessed. RESULTS Treatment with 2-ME significantly attenuated kidney dysfunction, tubular injury, and DNA double-strand breaks after IRI. Among DDR kinases, IRI induced phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR), but IRI reduced phosphorylation of other DDR kinases including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related, checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), Chk2, and Chinese hamster cells 1 (XRCC1). Treatment with 2-ME enhanced phosphorylation of ATM and ATM-mediated effector kinases in IRI-subjected kidneys, suggesting that 2-ME activates ATM-mediated DDR signaling pathway. Furthermore, 2-ME dramatically upregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in IRI-subjected kidneys. Inhibition of GPX4 augmented adverse IRI consequences including kidney dysfunction, tubular injury, DNA double-strand breaks, and inactivation of ATM-mediated DDR signaling pathway after IRI in 2-ME-treated kidneys. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that exogenous 2-ME protects against DNA double-strand breaks after kidney IRI through GPX4 upregulation and ATM activation.
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14
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Zhang H, Dong QQ, Shu HP, Tu YC, Liao QQ, Yao LJ. TOPK Activation Exerts Protective Effects on Cisplatin-induced Acute Kidney Injury. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:742-753. [PMID: 35678915 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T-LAK-cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK), a PSD95-Disc large-ZO1 (PDZ) binding kinase (PBK), is a novel member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. Studies have shown that TOPK plays a critical role in the function of tumor cells, including apoptosis and mitosis. However, little is known on the effect of TOPK in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CP-AKI). This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of TOPK in CP-AKI. METHODS Cisplatin was administered to C57BL/6 mice and cultured kidney tubular epithelial cells (TECs) to establish the CP-AKI murine or cellular models. TECs were then stimulated with the specific inhibitor of TOPK OTS514 or transfected with the recombinant-activated plasmid TOPK-T9E to inhibit or activate TOPK. The TECs were treated with AKT inhibitor VIII following stimulation with OTS514 or cisplatin. Western blotting and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the cell cycle and apoptosis of TECs. RESULTS The analysis revealed that the TOPK activity was significantly suppressed by cisplatin, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of TOPK by OTS514, a specific inhibitor of TOPK, exacerbated the cisplatin-induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and apoptosis of cultured TECs. Moreover, the TOPK activation via the TOPK-T9E plasmid transfection could partially reverse the cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis of cisplatin-treated TECs. In addition, AKT/protein kinase B (PKB), as a TOPK target protein, was inhibited by cisplatin in cultured TECs. The pharmaceutical inhibition of AKT further aggravated the apoptosis of TECs induced by cisplatin or TOPK inhibition. TOPK systematically mediated the apoptosis via the AKT pathway in the CP-AKI cell model. CONCLUSION These results indicate that TOPK activation protects against CP-AKI by ameliorating the G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qing-Qing Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hua-Pan Shu
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu-Chi Tu
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qian-Qian Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li-Jun Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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15
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Xiang X, Zhu J, Dong G, Dong Z. Epigenetic Regulation in Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:861498. [PMID: 35464484 PMCID: PMC9024296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is a standard care for end stage renal disease, but it is also associated with a complex pathogenesis including ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammation, and development of fibrosis. Over the past decade, accumulating evidence has suggested a role of epigenetic regulation in kidney transplantation, involving DNA methylation, histone modification, and various kinds of non-coding RNAs. Here, we analyze these recent studies supporting the role of epigenetic regulation in different pathological processes of kidney transplantation, i.e., ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute rejection, and chronic graft pathologies including renal interstitial fibrosis. Further investigation of epigenetic alterations, their pathological roles and underlying mechanisms in kidney transplantation may lead to new strategies for the discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veteran Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiefu Zhu
- Center of Nephrology and Dialysis, Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guie Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veteran Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veteran Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
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16
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Gupta N, Matsumoto T, Hiratsuka K, Saiz EG, Zhang C, Galichon P, Miyoshi T, Susa K, Tatsumoto N, Yamashita M, Morizane R. Modeling injury and repair in kidney organoids reveals that homologous recombination governs tubular intrinsic repair. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj4772. [PMID: 35235339 PMCID: PMC9161367 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj4772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kidneys have the capacity for intrinsic repair, preserving kidney architecture with return to a basal state after tubular injury. When injury is overwhelming or repetitive, however, that capacity is exceeded and incomplete repair results in fibrotic tissue replacing normal kidney parenchyma. Loss of nephrons correlates with reduced kidney function, which defines chronic kidney disease (CKD) and confers substantial morbidity and mortality to the worldwide population. Despite the identification of pathways involved in intrinsic repair, limited treatments for CKD exist, partly because of the limited throughput and predictivity of animal studies. Here, we showed that kidney organoids can model the transition from intrinsic to incomplete repair. Single-nuclear RNA sequencing of kidney organoids after cisplatin exposure identified 159 differentially expressed genes and 29 signal pathways in tubular cells undergoing intrinsic repair. Homology-directed repair (HDR) genes including Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 (FANCD2) and RAD51 recombinase (RAD51) were transiently up-regulated during intrinsic repair but were down-regulated in incomplete repair. Single cellular transcriptomics in mouse models of obstructive and hemodynamic kidney injury and human kidney samples of immune-mediated injury validated HDR gene up-regulation during tubular repair. Kidney biopsy samples with tubular injury and varying degrees of fibrosis confirmed loss of FANCD2 during incomplete repair. Last, we performed targeted drug screening that identified the DNA ligase IV inhibitor, SCR7, as a therapeutic candidate that rescued FANCD2/RAD51-mediated repair to prevent the progression of CKD in the cisplatin-induced organoid injury model. Our findings demonstrate the translational utility of kidney organoids to identify pathologic pathways and potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Gupta
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken Hiratsuka
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edgar Garcia Saiz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pierre Galichon
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomoya Miyoshi
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Koichiro Susa
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Narihito Tatsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michifumi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Epigenetic restoration of endogenous Klotho expression alleviates acute kidney injury-diabetes comorbidity. Life Sci 2022; 288:120194. [PMID: 34864061 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed at exploring the mechanisms behind Klotho regulation in hyperglycemia augmented AKI. In addition, epigenetic ways to restore the Klotho expression in AKI-diabetes comorbidity have been evaluated. MAIN METHODS Bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and chemical hypoxia-reperfusion injury (HRI) were developed in diabetic rats and, NRK52E cells under high glucose conditions respectively, to mimic the AKI condition. Plasma, urine, tubular lysate of the kidney and NRK52E cell lysate were used for biochemical, ELISA, histology, immunoblotting, RT-PCR and RNA interference studies. KEY FINDINGS Hyperglycemia significantly aggravated IRI/HRI induced AKI as evidenced by biochemical and histological results. We also observed a significant increase in expressions of kidney specific histone deacetylases (HDACs), apoptotic and inflammatory proteins, and decrease in levels of endogenous Klotho, H3K9Ac and H3K27Ac proteins in hyperglycemic IRI/HRI groups. SIGNIFICANCE Diabetes comorbidity exaggerates AKI, where endogenous Klotho loss could be a potential connecting link. However, kidney-specific HDACs inhibition showed reno-protection via restoring the endogenous Klotho loss and thus prevention of inflammation and apoptosis, which could prove to be a potential therapeutic strategy against diabetes-AKI comorbidity.
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18
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Tolouee M, Hendriks KDW, Lie FF, Gartzke LP, Goris M, Hoogstra-Berends F, Bergink S, Henning RH. Cooling of Cells and Organs Confers Extensive DNA Strand Breaks Through Oxidative Stress and ATP Depletion. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221108705. [PMID: 35808831 PMCID: PMC9272479 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221108705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooling at 4°C is routinely used to lower metabolism and preserve cell and tissue integrity in laboratory and clinical settings, including organ transplantation. However, cooling and rewarming produce cell damage, attributed primarily to a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon rewarming. While DNA represents a highly vulnerable target of ROS, it is unknown whether cooling and/or rewarming produces DNA damage. Here, we show that cooling alone suffices to produce extensive DNA damage in cultured primary cells and cell lines, including double-strand breaks (DSBs), as shown by comet assay and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Cooling-induced DSB formation is time- and temperature-dependent and coincides with an excess production of ROS, rather than a decrease in ATP levels. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that DNA damage activates the DNA damage response marked by the formation of nuclear foci of proteins involved in DSB repair, γ-H2Ax, and 53BP1. Subsequent rewarming for 24 h fails to recover ATP levels and only marginally lowers DSB amounts and nuclear foci. Precluding ROS formation by dopamine and the hydroxychromanol, Sul-121, dose-dependently reduces DSBs. Finally, a standard clinical kidney transplant procedure, using cold static storage in UW preservation solution up to 24 h in porcine kidney, lowered ATP, increased ROS, and produced increasing amounts of DSBs with recruitment of 53BP1. Given that DNA repair is erroneous by nature, cooling-inflicted DNA damage may affect cell survival, proliferation, and genomic stability, significantly impacting cellular and organ function, with relevance in stem cell and transplantation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Tolouee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen D W Hendriks
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fia Fia Lie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lucas P Gartzke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Goris
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Hoogstra-Berends
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Bergink
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems (BSCS), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Gupta K, Pandey S, Bagang N, Mehra K, Singh G. Trimetazidine an emerging paradigm in renal therapeutics: Preclinical and clinical insights. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 913:174624. [PMID: 34774496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Trimetazidine (TMZ) is a well-known anti-ischemic agent used for the treatment of angina pectoris. In the past decades, the efficacy of this drug has been tested in a wide range of kidney injuries, including drug-induced nephrotoxicity (DIN), radio-contrast agent-induced nephropathy, and surgically induced renal ischemic injury. TMZhas renoprotective effects by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine release, maintaining oxygen and energy balance. Moreover, TMZ administration prevented kidney graft rejection in the porcine model by suppressing the infiltration of mononuclear cells, preserving mitochondrial functions, and maintaining Ca+ homeostasis. In DIN and diabetic kidney diseases,TMZ treatment prevents renal injury by inactivating immune cells, attenuating renal fibrosis, inflammation, apoptosis, and histological abnormalities. Interestingly, the clinical therapeutic efficacy of TMZ has also been documented in pre-existing kidney disease patients undergoing contrast exposure for diagnostic intervention. However, the mechanistic insights into the TMZ mediated renoprotective effects in other forms of renal injuries, including type-2 diabetes, drug-induced nephrotoxicity, and hypertension-induced chronic kidney diseases, remain uninvestigated and incomplete. Moreover, the clinical utility of TMZ as a renoprotective agent in radio-contrast-induced nephrotoxicity needs to be tested in a large patient population. Nevertheless, the available pieces of evidence suggest that TMZ is a promising and emerging renal therapy for the treatment and management of kidney diseases of variable etiologies. This review discusses the various pre-clinical and clinical findings and provides mechanistic insights into the TMZ mediated beneficial effects in various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala (Haryana), India
| | - Sneha Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Newly Bagang
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Kamalpreet Mehra
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala (Haryana), India
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20
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Shibata K, Hashimoto T, Hasumi K, Nobe K. Potent efficacy of Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol-7, a small molecule having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, in a mouse model of acute kidney injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174496. [PMID: 34506776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) increases the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), complicates existing CKD, and can lead to the end-stage renal disease. However, there are no approved effective therapeutics for AKI. Recent studies have suggested that inflammation and oxidative stress are the primary causes of AKI. We previously reported the potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol-7 (SMTP-7). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of SMTP-7 in AKI model mice. AKI was induced in mice by ischemia of the left renal artery and vein for 45 min followed by reperfusion, 2 weeks after the removal of right kidney. The efficacy of SMTP-7 was determined by measuring the renal function using urine and serum samples and morphological assessment. For deciphering the mechanism of action of SMTP-7, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in kidney were detected. SMTP-7 (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 mg/kg) dose-dependently improved the renal function. In addition, it improved the damage to renal tubules and exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in the kidney of AKI mice. These results indicate the potential of SMTP-7 as a medicinal compound for the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Shibata
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Terumasa Hashimoto
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Koji Nobe
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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21
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Xiang X, Zhu J, Zhang G, Ma Z, Livingston MJ, Dong Z. Proximal Tubule p53 in Cold Storage/Transplantation-Associated Kidney Injury and Renal Graft Dysfunction. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:746346. [PMID: 34746182 PMCID: PMC8569378 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.746346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury associated with cold storage/transplantation is a primary factor for delayed graft function and poor outcome of renal transplants. p53 contributes to both ischemic and nephrotoxic kidney injury, but its involvement in kidney cold storage/transplantation is unclear. Here, we report that p53 in kidney proximal tubules plays a critical role in cold storage/transplantation kidney injury and inhibition of p53 can effectively improve the histology and function of transplanted kidneys. In a mouse kidney cold storage/transplantation model, we detected p53 accumulation in proximal tubules in a cold storage time-dependent manner, which correlated with tubular injury and cell death. Pifithrin-α, a pharmacologic p53 inhibitor, could reduce acute tubular injury, apoptosis and inflammation at 24 h after cold storage/transplantation. Similar effects were shown by the ablation of p53 from proximal tubule cells. Notably, pifithrin-α also ameliorated kidney injury and improved the function of transplanted kidneys in 6 days when it became the sole life-supporting kidney in recipient mice. in vitro, cold storage followed by rewarming induced cell death in cultured proximal tubule cells, which was accompanied by p53 activation and suppressed by pifithrin-α and dominant-negative p53. Together, these results support a pathogenic role of p53 in cold storage/transplantation kidney injury and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of p53 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jiefu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center of Nephrology and Dialysis, Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Center of Organ Transplantation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengwei Ma
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Man J. Livingston
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
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22
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Abstract
Epigenetics examines heritable changes in DNA and its associated proteins except mutations in gene sequence. Epigenetic regulation plays fundamental roles in kidney cell biology through the action of DNA methylation, chromatin modification via epigenetic regulators and non-coding RNA species. Kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease and renal fibrosis are multistep processes associated with numerous molecular alterations even in individual kidney cells. Epigenetic alterations, including anomalous DNA methylation, aberrant histone alterations and changes of microRNA expression all contribute to kidney pathogenesis. These changes alter the genome-wide epigenetic signatures and disrupt essential pathways that protect renal cells from uncontrolled growth, apoptosis and development of other renal associated syndromes. Molecular changes impact cellular function within kidney cells and its microenvironment to drive and maintain disease phenotype. In this chapter, we briefly summarize epigenetic mechanisms in four kidney diseases including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease and renal fibrosis. We primarily focus on current knowledge about the genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation and histone modification, and epigenetic regulation on specific gene(s) in the pathophysiology of these diseases and the translational potential of identifying new biomarkers and treatment for prevention and therapy. Incorporating epigenomic testing into clinical research is essential to elucidate novel epigenetic biomarkers and develop precision medicine using emerging therapies.
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Liu Q, Kong Y, Guo X, Liang B, Xie H, Hu S, Han M, Zhao X, Feng P, Lyu Q, Dong W, Liang X, Wang W, Li C. GSK-3β inhibitor TDZD-8 prevents reduction of aquaporin-1 expression via activating autophagy under renal ischemia reperfusion injury. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21809. [PMID: 34314052 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100549r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a main cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Aquaporin (AQP)-1 water channel in the kidney is critical for the maintenance of water homeostasis and the urinary concentrating ability. Increasing evidence supports an important role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of AKI induced by renal I/R. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether activation of autophagy prevents downregulation of AQP1 protein induced by renal I/R and potential molecular mechanisms. Renal I/R induced consistently reduced protein expression of AQP1, 2, and 3, as well as sodium cotransporters Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransporter and α-Na,K-ATPase, which was associated with increased urine output and decreased creatinine clearance in rats. Renal I/R also suppressed autophagy and increased inflammatory responses in the kidney. 4-Benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (TDZD-8), the glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor, ameliorated renal injury under I/R, activated autophagy and markedly increased expression of AQPs and sodium transporters in the kidney, which was associated with improved urine output and creatinine clearance in rats. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induced suppression of autophagy and downregulation of AQP1 in murine inner medullary collecting duct 3 (IMCD3) cells, which was fully prevented by TDZD-8 treatment. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine or Atg5 gene knockdown attenuated recovery of AQP1 protein expression induced by TDZD-8 in IMCD3 cells with H/R. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) decreased the abundance of AQP1 protein in IMCD3 cells. H/R induced increases in protein expression of nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 and IL-1β, which was reversed by TDZD-8. In conclusion, TDZD-8 treatment prevented downregulation of AQP1 expression under renal I/R injury, likely via activating autophagy and decreasing IL-1β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojuan Liu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglun Kong
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Guo
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baien Liang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Xie
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengke Han
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoduo Zhao
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinning Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Lyu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang M, Yuan J, Dong R, Da J, Li Q, Hu Y, Yu F, Ran Y, Zha Y, Long Y. Hyperhomocysteinemia exacerbates ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced acute kidney injury by mediating oxidative stress, DNA damage, JNK pathway, and apoptosis. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:537-543. [PMID: 34124373 PMCID: PMC8165256 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) plays an important role in the progression of many kidney diseases; however, the relationship between HHcy and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced acute kidney injury (IRI-induced AKI) is far from clear. In this study, we try to investigate the effect and possible mechanisms of HHcy on IRI-induced AKI. Methods Twenty C57/BL6 mice were reared with a regular diet or high methionine diet for 2 weeks (to generate HHcy mice); after that, mice were subgrouped to receive sham operation or ischemia-reperfusion surgery. Twenty four hour after reperfusion, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. H&E staining for tubular injury, western blot for γH2AX, JNK, p-JNK, and cleaved caspase 3, and TUNEL assay for tubular cell apoptosis were also performed. Results Our results showed that HHcy did not influence the renal function and histological structure, as well as the levels of MDA, γH2AX, JNK, p-JNK, and tubular cell apoptosis in control mice. However, in IRI-induced AKI mice, HHcy caused severer renal dysfunction and tubular injury, higher levels of oxidative stress, DNA damage, JNK pathway activation, and tubular cell apoptosis. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that HHcy could exacerbate IRI-induced AKI, which may be achieved through promoting oxidative stress, DNA damage, JNK pathway activation, and consequent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Division of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Nephritic & Urinary Disease, No. 83 East ZhongShan Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Dong
- Division of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Nephritic & Urinary Disease, No. 83 East ZhongShan Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Da
- Division of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Nephritic & Urinary Disease, No. 83 East ZhongShan Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Nephritic & Urinary Disease, No. 83 East ZhongShan Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Nephritic & Urinary Disease, No. 83 East ZhongShan Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Nephritic & Urinary Disease, No. 83 East ZhongShan Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ran
- Division of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Nephritic & Urinary Disease, No. 83 East ZhongShan Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zha
- Division of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Nephritic & Urinary Disease, No. 83 East ZhongShan Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Long
- Division of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Nephritic & Urinary Disease, No. 83 East ZhongShan Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
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25
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Wu W, Fu Y, Liu Z, Shu S, Wang Y, Tang C, Cai J, Dong Z. NAM protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by suppressing the PARP1/p53 pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 418:115492. [PMID: 33722665 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a commonly used anti-cancer drug, but it induces nephrotoxicity. As a water-soluble vitamin B family member, nicotinamide (NAM) was recently demonstrated to have beneficial effects for renal injury, but its underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we suggest that NAM may exert protective effects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) mainly via suppressing the poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1)/p53 pathway. In our experiment, NAM protected against cisplatin-induced apoptosis both in cultured renal proximal tubular cells and AKI in mice. Mechanistically, NAM suppressed the expression and activation of p53, a known mediator of cisplatin-induced AKI. Upstream of p53, NAM attenuated the induction of γ-H2AX, a hallmark of DNA damage response. Interestingly, PARP1 was activated in cisplatin AKI and this activation was inhibited by NAM. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 with PJ34 significantly ameliorated p53 activation and cisplatin-induced cell death in RPTCs and AKI in mice. Thus, NAM may protect against cisplatin-induced AKI by suppressing the PARP1/p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha 410011, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha 410011, China
| | - Shaoqun Shu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha 410011, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha 410011, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha 410011, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha 410011, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA..
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26
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Franzin R, Stasi A, Ranieri E, Netti GS, Cantaluppi V, Gesualdo L, Stallone G, Castellano G. Targeting Premature Renal Aging: from Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence to Senolytic Trials. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:630419. [PMID: 33995028 PMCID: PMC8117359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.630419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological process of renal aging is characterized by progressive structural and functional deterioration of the kidney leading to end-stage renal disease, requiring renal replacement therapy. Since the discovery of pivotal mechanisms of senescence such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis inhibition, and the development of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), efforts in the understanding of how senescent cells participate in renal physiological and pathological aging have grown exponentially. This has been encouraged by both preclinical studies in animal models with senescent cell clearance or genetic depletion as well as due to evidence coming from the clinical oncologic experience. This review considers the molecular mechanism and pathways that trigger premature renal aging from mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications to autophagy, DNA damage repair (DDR), and the involvement of extracellular vesicles. We also discuss the different pharmaceutical approaches to selectively target senescent cells (namely, senolytics) or the development of systemic SASP (called senomorphics) in basic models of CKD and clinical trials. Finally, an overview will be provided on the potential opportunities for their use in renal transplantation during ex vivo machine perfusion to improve the quality of the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Franzin
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine and Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
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Role of Oxidative DNA Damage and Repair in Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083838. [PMID: 33917194 PMCID: PMC8068079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) represent the two most common clinical cardiac diseases, characterized by angina, arrhythmia, myocardial damage, and cardiac dysfunction, significantly contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and posing a heavy socio-economic burden on society worldwide. Current treatments of these two diseases are mainly symptomatic and lack efficacy. There is thus an urgent need to develop novel therapies based on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Emerging evidence indicates that oxidative DNA damage might be a major underlying mechanism that promotes a variety of cardiac diseases, including AF and IHD. Antioxidants, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) boosters, and enzymes involved in oxidative DNA repair processes have been shown to attenuate oxidative damage to DNA, making them potential therapeutic targets for AF and IHD. In this review, we first summarize the main molecular mechanisms responsible for oxidative DNA damage and repair both in nuclei and mitochondria, then describe the effects of oxidative DNA damage on the development of AF and IHD, and finally discuss potential targets for oxidative DNA repair-based therapeutic approaches for these two cardiac diseases.
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28
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Targeting chromatin dysregulation in organ fibrosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:64-72. [PMID: 32900600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis leads to destruction of organ architecture accompanied by chronic inflammation and loss of function. Fibrosis affects nearly every organ in the body and accounts for ∼45% of total deaths worldwide. Over the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the basic mechanisms leading to organ fibrosis. However, we are limited with therapeutic options and there is a significant need to develop highly effective anti-fibrotic therapies. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have advanced the burgeoning field of epigenetics towards molecular understanding at a higher resolution. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances in chromatin regulatory processes, specifically DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histones, and chromatin remodeling complexes in kidney, liver and lung fibrosis. Although this research field is young, we discuss new strategies for potential therapeutic interventions for treating organ fibrosis.
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29
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Yan Y, Ma Z, Zhu J, Zeng M, Liu H, Dong Z. miR-214 represses mitofusin-2 to promote renal tubular apoptosis in ischemic acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F878-F887. [PMID: 32003595 PMCID: PMC7191449 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00567.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of mitochondrial dynamics is an important pathogenic event in both acute and chronic kidney diseases, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we report the regulation of mitofusin-2 (Mfn2; a key mitochondrial fusion protein) by microRNA-214 (miR-214) in renal ischemia-reperfusion that contributes to mitochondrial fragmentation, renal tubular cell death, and ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI). miR-214 was induced, whereas Mfn2 expression was decreased, in mouse ischemic AKI and cultured rat kidney proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) following ATP depletion treatment. Overexpression of miR-214 decreased Mfn2. Conversely, inhibition of miR-214 with anti-miR-214 prevented Mfn2 downregulation in RPTCs following ATP depletion. Anti-miR-214 further ameliorated mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis, whereas overexpression of miR-214 increased apoptosis, in ATP-depleted RPTCs. To test regulation in vivo, we established a mouse model with miR-214 specifically deleted from kidney proximal tubular cells (PT-miR-214-/-). Compared with wild-type mice, PT-miR-214-/- mice had less severe tissue damage, fewer apoptotic cells, and better renal function after ischemic AKI. miR-214 induction in ischemic AKI was suppressed in PT-miR-214-/- mice, accompanied by partial preservation of Mfn2 in kidneys. These results unveil the miR-214/Mfn2 axis that contributes to the disruption of mitochondrial dynamics and tubular cell death in ischemic AKI, offering new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zhengwei Ma
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jiefu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengru Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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30
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Conditioning attenuates kidney and heart injury in rats following transient suprarenal occlusion of the abdominal aorta. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5040. [PMID: 32193441 PMCID: PMC7081351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Suprarenal aortic clamping during abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair results in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in local (i.e. kidney) and distant (i.e. heart) tissue. To investigate perioperative approaches that mitigate IRI-induced tissue damage, Wistar rats underwent suprarenal aortic clamping either alone or in combination with short cycles of ischemic conditioning before and/or after clamping. Serum analysis revealed significant reduction in key biochemical parameters reflecting decreased tissue damage at systemic level and improved renal function in conditioned groups compared to controls (p < 0.05), which was corroborated by histolopathological evaluation. Importantly, the levels of DNA damage, as reflected by the biomarkers 8-oxo-G, γH2AX and pATM were reduced in conditioned versus non-conditioned cases. In this setting, NADPH oxidase, a source of free radicals, decreased in the myocardium of conditioned cases. Of note, administration of 5-HD and 8-SPT blocking key protective signaling routes abrogated the salutary effect of conditioning. To further understand the non-targeted effect of IRI on the heart, it was noted that serum TGF-β1 levels decreased in conditioned groups, whereas this difference was eliminated after 5-HD and 8-SPT administration. Collectively, conditioning strategies reduced both renal and myocardial injury. Additionally, the present study highlights TGF-β1 as an attractive target for manipulation in this context.
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31
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Pharmacological inhibition of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated exacerbates acute kidney injury by activating p53 signaling in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4441. [PMID: 32157166 PMCID: PMC7064514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response after kidney injury induces cell cycle arrest in renal tubular epithelial cells, resulting in the secretion of pro-fibrotic cytokines, thereby promoting interstitial fibrosis in a paracrine manner. Phosphorylation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is the initial step in the DNA damage response and subsequent cell cycle arrest; however, the effects of ATM inhibition on the injured kidney have not been explored. Pharmacological ATM inhibition by KU55933 in cisplatin-treated mice did not ameliorate, but instead exacerbated cisplatin-induced DNA damage and tubular injury, thereby increasing mortality. Analysis of isolated tubular epithelia by FACS from bigenic SLC34a1-CreERt2; R26tdTomato proximal tubular-specific reporter mice revealed that KU55933 upregulated p53 and subsequent pro-apoptotic signaling in tubular epithelia of cisplatin-treated mice, leading to marked mitochondrial injury and apoptosis. In addition, KU55933 attenuated several DNA repair processes after cisplatin treatment, including single-strand DNA repair and Fanconi anemia pathways, suggesting that DNA repair after dual treatment of cisplatin and KU55933 was not sufficient to prevent the cisplatin-induced tubular injury. Our study suggested that ATM inhibition does not increase DNA repair after cisplatin-induced DNA damage and exacerbates tubular injury through the upregulation of p53-dependent pro-apoptotic signaling. Acute kidney injury must be carefully monitored when ATM inhibitors become available in clinical practice in the future.
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32
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Lu QB, Du Q, Wang HP, Tang ZH, Wang YB, Sun HJ. Salusin-β mediates tubular cell apoptosis in acute kidney injury: Involvement of the PKC/ROS signaling pathway. Redox Biol 2019; 30:101411. [PMID: 31884071 PMCID: PMC6939056 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salusin-β is abundantly expressed in many organs and tissues including heart, blood vessels, brain and kidneys. Recent studies have identified salusin-β as a bioactive peptide that contributes to various diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, the role of salusin-β in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is largely unclear. In the present study, we investigated the roles of salusin-β in cisplatin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal injury. Herein, we found that salusin-β expression was upregulated in both renal tubular cells and kidney tissues induced by both cisplatin and LPS. In vitro, silencing of salusin-β diminished, whereas overexpression of salusin-β exaggerated the increased PKC phosphorylation, oxidative stress, histone γH2AX expression, p53 activation and apoptosis in either cisplatin or LPS-challenged renal tubular cells. More importantly, salusin-β overexpression-induced tubular cell apoptosis were abolished by using the PKC inhibitor Go 6976, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger NAC, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor apocynin (Apo) or p53 inhibitor Pifithrin-α. In animals, blockade of salusin-β alleviated PKC phosphorylation, ROS accumulation, DNA damage, and p53 activation as well as renal dysfunction in mice after administration of cisplatin or LPS. Taken together, these results suggest that overexpressed salusin-β is deleterious in AKI by activation of the PKC/ROS signaling pathway, thereby priming renal tubular cells for apoptosis and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bo Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Qiong Du
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Hui-Ping Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Zi-Han Tang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Yuan-Ben Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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33
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The role of DNA damage as a therapeutic target in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Expert Rev Mol Med 2019; 21:e6. [PMID: 31767049 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2019.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic kidney disease and is caused by heterozygous germ-line mutations in either PKD1 (85%) or PKD2 (15%). It is characterised by the formation of numerous fluid-filled renal cysts and leads to adult-onset kidney failure in ~50% of patients by 60 years. Kidney cysts in ADPKD are focal and sporadic, arising from the clonal proliferation of collecting-duct principal cells, but in only 1-2% of nephrons for reasons that are not clear. Previous studies have demonstrated that further postnatal reductions in PKD1 (or PKD2) dose are required for kidney cyst formation, but the exact triggering factors are not clear. A growing body of evidence suggests that DNA damage, and activation of the DNA damage response pathway, are altered in ciliopathies. The aims of this review are to: (i) analyse the evidence linking DNA damage and renal cyst formation in ADPKD; (ii) evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of biomarkers to assess DNA damage in ADPKD and finally, (iii) evaluate the potential effects of current clinical treatments on modifying DNA damage in ADPKD. These studies will address the significance of DNA damage and may lead to a new therapeutic approach in ADPKD.
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Kishi S, Brooks CR, Taguchi K, Ichimura T, Mori Y, Akinfolarin A, Gupta N, Galichon P, Elias BC, Suzuki T, Wang Q, Gewin L, Morizane R, Bonventre JV. Proximal tubule ATR regulates DNA repair to prevent maladaptive renal injury responses. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4797-4816. [PMID: 31589169 PMCID: PMC6819104 DOI: 10.1172/jci122313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive proximal tubule (PT) repair has been implicated in kidney fibrosis through induction of cell-cycle arrest at G2/M. We explored the relative importance of the PT DNA damage response (DDR) in kidney fibrosis by genetically inactivating ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR), which is a sensor and upstream initiator of the DDR. In human chronic kidney disease, ATR expression inversely correlates with DNA damage. ATR was upregulated in approximately 70% of Lotus tetragonolobus lectin-positive (LTL+) PT cells in cisplatin-exposed human kidney organoids. Inhibition of ATR resulted in greater PT cell injury in organoids and cultured PT cells. PT-specific Atr-knockout (ATRRPTC-/-) mice exhibited greater kidney function impairment, DNA damage, and fibrosis than did WT mice in response to kidney injury induced by either cisplatin, bilateral ischemia-reperfusion, or unilateral ureteral obstruction. ATRRPTC-/- mice had more cells in the G2/M phase after injury than did WT mice after similar treatments. In conclusion, PT ATR activation is a key component of the DDR, which confers a protective effect mitigating the maladaptive repair and consequent fibrosis that follow kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kishi
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Craig R. Brooks
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kensei Taguchi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Takaharu Ichimura
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yutaro Mori
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akinwande Akinfolarin
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Navin Gupta
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pierre Galichon
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S1155, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Bertha C. Elias
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tomohisa Suzuki
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leslie Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph V. Bonventre
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Vogelaar PC, Roorda M, de Vrij EL, Houwertjes MC, Goris M, Bouma H, van der Graaf AC, Krenning G, Henning RH. The 6-hydroxychromanol derivative SUL-109 ameliorates renal injury after deep hypothermia and rewarming in rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:2128-2138. [PMID: 29660027 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in kidney damage in various pathologies, including acute and chronic kidney injury and diabetic nephropathy. In addition to the well-studied ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, hypothermia/rewarming (H/R) also inflicts acute kidney injury. Substituted 6-hydroxychromanols are a novel class of mitochondrial medicines that ameliorate mitochondrial oxidative stress and protect the mitochondrial network. To identify a novel 6-hydroxychromanol that protects mitochondrial structure and function in the kidney during H/R, we screened multiple compounds in vitro and subsequently assessed the efficacy of the 6-hydroxychromanol derivatives SUL-109 and SUL-121 in vivo to protect against kidney injury after H/R in rats. Methods Human proximal tubule cell viability was assessed following exposure to H/R for 48/4 h in the presence of various 6-hydroxychromanols. Selected compounds (SUL-109, SUL-121) or vehicle were administered to ketamine-anaesthetized male Wistar rats (IV 135 µg/kg/h) undergoing H/R at 15°C for 3 h followed by rewarming and normothermia for 1 h. Metabolic parameters and body temperature were measured throughout. In addition, renal function, renal injury, histopathology and mitochondrial fitness were assessed. Results H/R injury in vitro lowered cell viability by 94 ± 1%, which was counteracted dose-dependently by multiple 6-hydroxychomanols derivatives. In vivo, H/R in rats showed kidney injury molecule 1 expression in the kidney and tubular dilation, accompanied by double-strand DNA breaks and protein nitrosylation. SUL-109 and SUL-121 ameliorated tubular kidney damage, preserved mitochondrial mass and maintained cortical adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels, although SUL-121 did not reduce protein nitrosylation. Conclusions The substituted 6-hydroxychromanols SUL-109 and SUL-121 ameliorate kidney injury during in vivo H/R by preserving mitochondrial mass, function and ATP levels. In addition, both 6-hydroxychromanols limit DNA damage, but only SUL-109 also prevented protein nitrosylation in tubular cells. Therefore SUL-109 offers a promising therapeutic strategy to preserve kidney mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter C Vogelaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Sulfateq B.V., Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits Roorda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin L de Vrij
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin C Houwertjes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Goris
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar Bouma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Guido Krenning
- Sulfateq B.V., Groningen, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Zhou D, Fu H, Liu S, Zhang L, Xiao L, Bastacky SI, Liu Y. Early activation of fibroblasts is required for kidney repair and regeneration after injury. FASEB J 2019; 33:12576-12587. [PMID: 31461626 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900651rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating condition with high morbidity and mortality. AKI is characterized by tubular injury, inflammation, and vascular impairment. However, the role of interstitial fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of AKI is largely unknown. Here, we show that fibroblasts were activated, as defined by vimentin expression, at 1 h after AKI triggered by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). They rapidly entered the cell cycle with Ki-67-positive staining, which started at 1 h and peaked at 12 h after IRI, whereas tubular cell proliferation peaked at 3 d. The trigger for such an early activation of fibroblasts was identified as sonic hedgehog (Shh), which was rapidly induced in renal tubules and could target interstitial fibroblasts. Tubule-specific knockout of Shh in mice inhibited fibroblast activation and aggravated kidney injury and functional decline after IRI. Likewise, pharmacologic inhibition of Shh signaling with cyclopamine also hindered fibroblast activation and exacerbated kidney damage. These studies uncover that tubule-derived Shh triggers the early activation of fibroblasts, which is required for kidney repair and regeneration. Our findings for the first time illustrate a previously unrecognized importance of interstitial fibroblasts in conferring renal protection in AKI.-Zhou, D., Fu, H., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Xiao, L., Bastacky, S. I., Liu, Y. Early activation of fibroblasts is required for kidney repair and regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haiyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangxiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheldon I Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Youhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Guo C, Dong G, Liang X, Dong Z. Epigenetic regulation in AKI and kidney repair: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 15:220-239. [PMID: 30651611 PMCID: PMC7866490 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major public health concern associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite decades of research, the pathogenesis of AKI remains incompletely understood and effective therapies are lacking. An increasing body of evidence suggests a role for epigenetic regulation in the process of AKI and kidney repair, involving remarkable changes in histone modifications, DNA methylation and the expression of various non-coding RNAs. For instance, increases in levels of histone acetylation seem to protect kidneys from AKI and promote kidney repair. AKI is also associated with changes in genome-wide and gene-specific DNA methylation; however, the role and regulation of DNA methylation in kidney injury and repair remains largely elusive. MicroRNAs have been studied quite extensively in AKI, and a plethora of specific microRNAs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AKI. Emerging research suggests potential for microRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers of AKI. Further investigation into these epigenetic mechanisms will not only generate novel insights into the mechanisms of AKI and kidney repair but also might lead to new strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyuan Guo
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Guie Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xinling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Minor T, von Horn C, Paul A. Role of erythrocytes in short-term rewarming kidney perfusion after cold storage. Artif Organs 2019; 43:584-592. [PMID: 30511774 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Short term normothermic reconditioning by machine perfusion after cold storage has shown beneficial effects in renal transplantation models. Systematic investigations concerning the inclusion of washed erythrocytes as oxygen carriers are lacking in this context. Porcine kidneys were subjected to 20 h of static cold storage. Prior to reperfusion, grafts were put on a machine for 2 h of oxygenated (95% O2 ; 5% CO2 ) rewarming perfusion. In one group (n = 6) washed erythrocytes were added to the perfusate after temperature has reached 20°C; the other group (n = 6) was run without additives. Control kidneys (n = 6) were immediately reperfused without treatment. Upon reperfusion in vitro, a more than twofold improvement of renal clearance of creatinine, urinary protein loss, fractional excretion of sodium, efficiency of oxygen utilization (TNa/VO2 ) and a significant reduction of innate immune activation (HMGB1, tenascin C, expression of TLR4) was seen after machine perfusion, compared with the controls. However, no advantage could be obtained by the addition of erythrocytes and inner cortical tissue pO2 always remained above normal values during cell-free machine perfusion. Our data strongly argue in favor of a rewarming perfusion of cold stored donor kidneys but do not substantiate an indication for adding oxygen carriers in this particular setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Minor
- Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Charlotte von Horn
- Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Paul
- Clinic for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Epigenetic Modification Mechanisms Involved in Inflammation and Fibrosis in Renal Pathology. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:2931049. [PMID: 30647531 PMCID: PMC6311799 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2931049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing incidence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, coupled with the aging of the population, is increasing the prevalence of renal diseases in our society. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by persistent inflammation, fibrosis, and loss of renal function leading to end-stage renal disease. Nowadays, CKD treatment has limited effectiveness underscoring the importance of the development of innovative therapeutic options. Recent studies have identified how epigenetic modifications participate in the susceptibility to CKD and have explained how the environment interacts with the renal cell epigenome to contribute to renal damage. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate critical processes involved in gene regulation and downstream cellular responses. The most relevant epigenetic modifications that play a critical role in renal damage include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and changes in miRNA levels. Importantly, these epigenetic modifications are reversible and, therefore, a source of potential therapeutic targets. Here, we will explain how epigenetic mechanisms may regulate essential processes involved in renal pathology and highlight some possible epigenetic therapeutic strategies for CKD treatment.
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Sarhan M, Land WG, Tonnus W, Hugo CP, Linkermann A. Origin and Consequences of Necroinflammation. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:727-780. [PMID: 29465288 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When cells undergo necrotic cell death in either physiological or pathophysiological settings in vivo, they release highly immunogenic intracellular molecules and organelles into the interstitium and thereby represent the strongest known trigger of the immune system. With our increasing understanding of necrosis as a regulated and genetically determined process (RN, regulated necrosis), necrosis and necroinflammation can be pharmacologically prevented. This review discusses our current knowledge about signaling pathways of necrotic cell death as the origin of necroinflammation. Multiple pathways of RN such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis have been evolutionary conserved most likely because of their differences in immunogenicity. As the consequence of necrosis, however, all necrotic cells release damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that have been extensively investigated over the last two decades. Analysis of necroinflammation allows characterizing specific signatures for each particular pathway of cell death. While all RN-pathways share the release of DAMPs in general, most of them actively regulate the immune system by the additional expression and/or maturation of either pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. In addition, DAMPs have been demonstrated to modulate the process of regeneration. For the purpose of better understanding of necroinflammation, we introduce a novel classification of DAMPs in this review to help detect the relative contribution of each RN-pathway to certain physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Sarhan
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Walter G Land
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Wulf Tonnus
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Christian P Hugo
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
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Tang C, Ma Z, Zhu J, Liu Z, Liu Y, Liu Y, Cai J, Dong Z. P53 in kidney injury and repair: Mechanism and therapeutic potentials. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 195:5-12. [PMID: 30347214 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major kidney disease with poor clinical outcome. Besides its acute consequence of high mortality, AKI may also contribute significantly to the occurrence and progression of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that maladaptive and incomplete kidney repair after AKI leads to the development of renal fibrosis and, ultimately, CKD. p53, a well-known tumor suppressor, plays a critical role in AKI and subsequent kidney repair through the regulation of various cell biologic processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy. Despite the notable progress in deciphering the involvement of p53 in kidney injury and repair, the underlying mechanisms of p53 in these pathological processes remain largely unknown. Further investigation in this area is essential for the application of p53 as therapeutic target to prevent and treat AKI or impede its progression to CKD. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in understanding p53 regulation of AKI and kidney repair, pinpoint the potential of p53 as a therapeutic target, and present future research interests and directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengwei Ma
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jiefu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Yoon YJ, Suh MJ, Lee HY, Lee HJ, Choi EH, Moon IS, Song K. Anti-tumor effects of cold atmospheric pressure plasma on vestibular schwannoma demonstrate its feasibility as an intra-operative adjuvant treatment. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:43-56. [PMID: 29138018 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vestibular schwannoma (VS), although a benign intracranial tumor, causes morbidities by brainstem compression. Since chemotherapy is not very effective in most Nf2-negative schwannomas, surgical removal or radiation therapy is required. However, depending on the size and site of the tumor, these approaches may cause loss of auditory or vestibular functions, and severely decrease the post-surgical wellbeing. Here, we examined the feasibility of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) as an intra-operative adjuvant treatment for VS after surgery. Cell death was efficiently induced in both human HEI-193 and mouse SC4 VS cell lines upon exposure to CAP for seven minutes. Interestingly, both apoptosis and necroptosis were simultaneously induced by CAP treatment, and cell death was not completely inhibited by pan-caspase and receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIK1) inhibitors. Upon CAP exposure, cell death phenotype was similarly observed in patient-derived primary VS cells and tumor mass. In addition, CAP exposure after the surgical removal of primary tumor efficiently inhibited tumor recurrence in SC4-grafted mouse models. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that CAP should be developed as an efficient adjuvant treatment for VS after surgery to eliminate the possible remnant tumor cells, and to minimize the surgical area in the brain for post-surgical wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Jun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Michelle J Suh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 46269, Korea
| | - Hae June Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 46269, Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center and Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - In Seok Moon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Kiwon Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Shen S, Zhou J, Meng S, Wu J, Ma J, Zhu C, Deng G, Liu D. The protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effects on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4077-4082. [PMID: 29067100 PMCID: PMC5647708 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effects on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=12) including sham operation (S) group, ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R) group and ischemic preconditioning (IP) group. After anesthesia with intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate, bilateral renal pedicles were clipped for 45 min, followed by perfusion for 6 h to establish the I/R model. Both kidneys in rats of S group were separated and exposed for 45 min, but renal pedicles were not clipped. In IP group, bilateral renal pedicles were clipped for 5 min, followed by perfusion for 5 min, this procedure was repeated 3 times. Then bilateral renal pedicles were clipped for 45 min, followed by perfusion for 6 h. Blood samples were collected and rats were sacrificed to collect renal tissue. Levels of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured by xanthine oxidase assay. Degree of renal injury was evaluated by H&E staining. TUNEL kit was used to detect the number of apoptotic cells in renal tissue. Expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by semi-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Results showed that levels of Cr and BUN in I/R and IP groups were significantly higher than those in S group, and levels of Cr and BUN in I/R group were significantly higher than that in IP group (P<0.05). Activity of SOD in I/R group and IP group were significantly lower than those in S group, and activity of SOD in I/R group were significantly lower than those in IP group (P<0.05). H&E staining showed that, compared with S group, renal injury in the I/R and IP groups was more serious than that in the S group, and I/R group was more serious than the IP group (P<0.05). TUNEL apoptosis assay showed that number of apoptotic cells in IP and I/R groups were significantly higher than that in the S group (P<0.01). Semi-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis showed that, compared with the S group, expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased, expression levels of Bax mRNA and protein were significantly increased, and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly decreased in the IP and I/R groups (P<0.01). Compared with the I/R group, expression level of Bcl-2 was significantly increased, the level of Bax was significantly deceased, and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly increased in the IP group (P<0.01). As a result, ischemic preconditioning can protect rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury possibly by increasing the expression level of Bcl-2 and decreasing the expression level of Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Shen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Second Pronincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Jiexue Zhou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Second Pronincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Shandong Meng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Second Pronincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqing Wu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Second Pronincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Juan Ma
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Second Pronincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Zhu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Second Pronincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Gengguo Deng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Second Pronincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Second Pronincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
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44
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Walz G. Role of primary cilia in non-dividing and post-mitotic cells. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:11-25. [PMID: 28361305 PMCID: PMC5487853 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The essential role of primary (non-motile) cilia during the development of multi-cellular tissues and organs is well established and is underlined by severe disease manifestations caused by mutations in cilia-associated molecules that are collectively termed ciliopathies. However, the role of primary cilia in non-dividing and terminally differentiated, post-mitotic cells is less well understood. Although the prevention of cells from re-entering the cell cycle may represent a major chore, primary cilia have recently been linked to DNA damage responses, autophagy and mitochondria. Given this connectivity, primary cilia in non-dividing cells are well positioned to form a signaling hub outside of the nucleus. Such a center could integrate information to initiate responses and to maintain cellular homeostasis if cell survival is jeopardized. These more discrete functions may remain undetected until differentiated cells are confronted with emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Walz
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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45
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Pressly JD, Hama T, Brien SO, Regner KR, Park F. TRIP13-deficient tubular epithelial cells are susceptible to apoptosis following acute kidney injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43196. [PMID: 28256593 PMCID: PMC5335694 DOI: 10.1038/srep43196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to renal tubular epithelial cells by genetic, environmental, or biological insults can initiate complex signaling mechanisms that promote kidney repair and functional recovery. In this study, we demonstrated that thyroid receptor interacting protein 13 (TRIP13) is a critical modulator of tubular epithelial cell repair following ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI), a common type of renal stressor. In Trip13Gt/Gthypomorph mice treated with unilateral renal IRI, persistent tubular epithelial cell damage was determined in the IRI-treated kidney throughout the 168 hours of experimental period compared to the contralateral kidneys. The damaged epithelial cells were associated with increased levels of DNA damage (ɣH2AX) and apoptotic markers (p53, cleaved caspase-7, and TUNEL-positive cells). Correspondingly, TRIP13 was found to directly interact with Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain 5 (TTC5), a p53 co‐factor, and genetic knockdown of TRIP13 in murine inner medullary collecting duct cells in the presence of hydrogen peroxide showed increased activity of p53 at Serine 15. In all, these studies suggest that insufficient TRIP13 increased the susceptibility of damaged tubular epithelial cells to progress towards apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Pressly
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Taketsugu Hama
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shannon O' Brien
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kevin R Regner
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Frank Park
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Memphis, TN, USA
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46
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Stop adding insult to injury-identifying and managing risk factors for the progression of acute kidney injury in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:2235-2243. [PMID: 28197888 PMCID: PMC5655580 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in children admitted to hospital. Whilst some recover normal kidney function following an acute kidney insult, a significant proportion experience long-term sequelae. The aim of this review is to summarize current understanding of the processes that can lead to sequelae following AKI. Kidney injury, repair, recovery and progression are described. Risk factors for progression are outlined, and potential strategies to stratify the risk of progression in children with AKI are discussed. Clinical management priorities to minimize sequelae are suggested. Looking ahead, novel therapeutic targets are discussed with the potential to accelerate adaptive repair and ameliorate the progression and sequelae of AKI in the future.
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47
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Pressly JD, Park F. DNA repair in ischemic acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F551-F555. [PMID: 27927651 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00492.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury leading to an induction of oxidative stress, cellular dysfunction, and loss of renal function. DNA damage, including oxidative base modifications and physical DNA strand breaks, is a consequence of renal IRI. Like many other organs in the body, a redundant and highly conserved set of endogenous repair pathways have evolved to selectively recognize the various types of cellular DNA damage and combat its negative effects on cell viability. Severe damage to the DNA, however, can trigger cell death and elimination of the injured tubular epithelial cells. In this minireview, we summarize the state of the current field of DNA damage and repair in the kidney and provide some expected and, in some cases, unexpected effects of IRI on DNA damage and repair in the kidney. These findings may be applicable to other forms of acute kidney injury and could provide new opportunities for renal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Pressly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Frank Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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48
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Land WG, Agostinis P, Gasser S, Garg AD, Linkermann A. Transplantation and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). Am J Transplant 2016; 16:3338-3361. [PMID: 27421829 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Upon solid organ transplantation and during cancer immunotherapy, cellular stress responses result in the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The various cellular stresses have been characterized in detail over the last decades, but a unifying classification based on clinically important aspects is lacking. Here, we provide an in-depth review of the most recent literature along with a unifying concept of the danger/injury model, suggest a classification of DAMPs, and review the recently elaborated mechanisms that result in the emission of such factors. We further point out the differences in DAMP responses including the release following a heat shock pattern, endoplasmic reticulum stress, DNA damage-mediated DAMP release, and discuss the diverse pathways of regulated necrosis in this respect. The understanding of various forms of DAMPs and the consequences of their different release patterns are prerequisite to associate serum markers of cellular stresses with clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Land
- German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich, Germany.,Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, Plateforme GENOMAX, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,LabexTRANSPLANTEX, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Gasser
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Linkermann
- Cluster of Excellence EXC306, Inflammation at Interfaces, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.,Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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49
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Wei J, Song J, Jiang S, Zhang G, Wheeler D, Zhang J, Wang S, Lai EY, Wang L, Buggs J, Liu R. Role of intratubular pressure during the ischemic phase in acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F1158-F1165. [PMID: 28579560 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00527.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by clamping of renal vein or pedicle is more severe than clamping of artery, but the mechanism has not been clarified. In the present study, we tested our hypothesis that increased proximal tubular pressure (Pt) during the ischemic phase exacerbates kidney injury and promotes the development of AKI. We induced AKI by bilateral clamping of renal arteries, pedicles, or veins for 18 min at 37°C, respectively. Pt during the ischemic phase was measured with micropuncture. We found that higher Pt was associated with more severe AKI. To determine the role of Pt during the ischemic phase on the development of AKI, we adjusted the Pt by altering renal artery pressure. We induced AKI by bilateral clamping of renal veins, and the Pt was changed by adjusting the renal artery pressure during the ischemic phase by constriction of aorta and mesenteric artery. When we decreased renal artery pressure from 85 ± 5 to 65 ± 8 mmHg, Pt decreased from 53.3 ± 2.7 to 44.7 ± 2.0 mmHg. Plasma creatinine decreased from 2.48 ± 0.23 to 1.91 ± 0.21 mg/dl at 24 h after renal ischemia. When we raised renal artery pressure to 103 ± 7 mmHg, Pt increased to 67.2 ± 5.1 mmHg. Plasma creatinine elevated to 3.17 ± 0.14 mg·dl·24 h after renal ischemia. Changes in KIM-1, NGAL, and histology were in the similar pattern as plasma creatinine. In summary, we found that higher Pt during the ischemic phase promoted the development of AKI, while lower Pt protected from kidney injury. Pt may be a potential target for treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jiangping Song
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Donald Wheeler
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida;
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50
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DNA damage response in nephrotoxic and ischemic kidney injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 313:104-108. [PMID: 27984128 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage activates specific cell signaling cascades for DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, senescence, and/or cell death. Recent studies have demonstrated DNA damage response (DDR) in experimental models of acute kidney injury (AKI). In cisplatin-induced AKI or nephrotoxicity, the DDR pathway of ATR/Chk2/p53 is activated and contributes to renal tubular cell apoptosis. In ischemic AKI, DDR seems more complex and involves at least the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family, and p53; however, while ATM may promote DNA repair, p53 may trigger cell death. Targeting DDR for kidney protection in AKI therefore relies on a thorough elucidation of the DDR pathways in various forms of AKI.
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