1
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Barzi M, Johnson CG, Chen T, Rodriguiz RM, Hemmingsen M, Gonzalez TJ, Rosales A, Beasley J, Peck CK, Ma Y, Stiles AR, Wood TC, Maeso-Diaz R, Diehl AM, Young SP, Everitt JI, Wetsel WC, Lagor WR, Bissig-Choisat B, Asokan A, El-Gharbawy A, Bissig KD. Rescue of glutaric aciduria type I in mice by liver-directed therapies. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf4086. [PMID: 37075130 PMCID: PMC10676743 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-1) is an inborn error of metabolism with a severe neurological phenotype caused by the deficiency of glutaryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (GCDH), the last enzyme of lysine catabolism. Current literature suggests that toxic catabolites in the brain are produced locally and do not cross the blood-brain barrier. In a series of experiments using knockout mice of the lysine catabolic pathway and liver cell transplantation, we uncovered that toxic GA-1 catabolites in the brain originated from the liver. Moreover, the characteristic brain and lethal phenotype of the GA-1 mouse model was rescued by two different liver-directed gene therapy approaches: Using an adeno-associated virus, we replaced the defective Gcdh gene or we prevented flux through the lysine degradation pathway by CRISPR deletion of the aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase (Aass) gene. Our findings question the current pathophysiological understanding of GA-1 and reveal a targeted therapy for this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Barzi
- Y.T. and Alice Chen Center for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Collin G Johnson
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tong Chen
- Y.T. and Alice Chen Center for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ramona M Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Madeline Hemmingsen
- Y.T. and Alice Chen Center for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Trevor J Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alan Rosales
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - James Beasley
- Y.T. and Alice Chen Center for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cheryl K Peck
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yunhan Ma
- Y.T. and Alice Chen Center for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ashlee R Stiles
- Y.T. and Alice Chen Center for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Timothy C Wood
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Raquel Maeso-Diaz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sarah P Young
- Y.T. and Alice Chen Center for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Everitt
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - William R Lagor
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Beatrice Bissig-Choisat
- Y.T. and Alice Chen Center for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME) at the Duke University Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Cancer Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Areeg El-Gharbawy
- Y.T. and Alice Chen Center for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Karl-Dimiter Bissig
- Y.T. and Alice Chen Center for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME) at the Duke University Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Cancer Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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2
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Leandro J, Dodatko T, Aten J, Nemeria NS, Zhang X, Jordan F, Hendrickson RC, Sanchez R, Yu C, DeVita RJ, Houten SM. DHTKD1 and OGDH display substrate overlap in cultured cells and form a hybrid 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex in vivo. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1168-1179. [PMID: 32160276 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) is an inborn error of lysine degradation characterized by a specific encephalopathy that is caused by toxic accumulation of lysine degradation intermediates. Substrate reduction through inhibition of DHTKD1, an enzyme upstream of the defective glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, has been investigated as a potential therapy, but revealed the existence of an alternative enzymatic source of glutaryl-CoA. Here, we show that loss of DHTKD1 in glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase-deficient HEK-293 cells leads to a 2-fold decrease in the established GA1 clinical biomarker glutarylcarnitine and demonstrate that oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) is responsible for this remaining glutarylcarnitine production. We furthermore show that DHTKD1 interacts with OGDH, dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase to form a hybrid 2-oxoglutaric and 2-oxoadipic acid dehydrogenase complex. In summary, 2-oxoadipic acid is a substrate for DHTKD1, but also for OGDH in a cell model system. The classical 2-oxoglutaric dehydrogenase complex can exist as a previously undiscovered hybrid containing DHTKD1 displaying improved kinetics towards 2-oxoadipic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Leandro
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tetyana Dodatko
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jan Aten
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands
| | - Natalia S Nemeria
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Ronald C Hendrickson
- Microchemistry and Proteomics Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Roberto Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chunli Yu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Mount Sinai Genomics, Inc., Stamford, CT 06902, USA
| | - Robert J DeVita
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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3
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Gonzalez Melo M, Remacle N, Cudré-Cung HP, Roux C, Poms M, Cudalbu C, Barroso M, Gersting SW, Feichtinger RG, Mayr JA, Costanzo M, Caterino M, Ruoppolo M, Rüfenacht V, Häberle J, Braissant O, Ballhausen D. The first knock-in rat model for glutaric aciduria type I allows further insights into pathophysiology in brain and periphery. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 133:157-181. [PMID: 33965309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I, OMIM # 231670) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH). Patients develop acute encephalopathic crises (AEC) with striatal injury most often triggered by catabolic stress. The pathophysiology of GA-I, particularly in brain, is still not fully understood. We generated the first knock-in rat model for GA-I by introduction of the mutation p.R411W, the rat sequence homologue of the most common Caucasian mutation p.R402W, into the Gcdh gene of Sprague Dawley rats by CRISPR/CAS9 technology. Homozygous Gcdhki/ki rats revealed a high excretor phenotype, but did not present any signs of AEC under normal diet (ND). Exposure to a high lysine diet (HLD, 4.7%) after weaning resulted in clinical and biochemical signs of AEC. A significant increase of plasmatic ammonium concentrations was found in Gcdhki/ki rats under HLD, accompanied by a decrease of urea concentrations and a concomitant increase of arginine excretion. This might indicate an inhibition of the urea cycle. Gcdhki/ki rats exposed to HLD showed highly diminished food intake resulting in severely decreased weight gain and moderate reduction of body mass index (BMI). This constellation suggests a loss of appetite. Under HLD, pipecolic acid increased significantly in cerebral and extra-cerebral liquids and tissues of Gcdhki/ki rats, but not in WT rats. It seems that Gcdhki/ki rats under HLD activate the pipecolate pathway for lysine degradation. Gcdhki/ki rat brains revealed depletion of free carnitine, microglial activation, astroglyosis, astrocytic death by apoptosis, increased vacuole numbers, impaired OXPHOS activities and neuronal damage. Under HLD, Gcdhki/ki rats showed imbalance of intra- and extracellular creatine concentrations and indirect signs of an intracerebral ammonium accumulation. We successfully created the first rat model for GA-I. Characterization of this Gcdhki/ki strain confirmed that it is a suitable model not only for the study of pathophysiological processes, but also for the development of new therapeutic interventions. We further brought up interesting new insights into the pathophysiology of GA-I in brain and periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gonzalez Melo
- Pediatric Metabolic Unit, Pediatrics, Woman-Mother-Child Department, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Noémie Remacle
- Pediatric Metabolic Unit, Pediatrics, Woman-Mother-Child Department, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hong-Phuc Cudré-Cung
- Pediatric Metabolic Unit, Pediatrics, Woman-Mother-Child Department, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clothilde Roux
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Poms
- Klinische Chemie und Biochemie Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Cristina Cudalbu
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Madalena Barroso
- University Children's Research, UCR@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Søren Waldemar Gersting
- University Children's Research, UCR@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - René Günther Feichtinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Johannes Adalbert Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Michele Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marianna Caterino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Véronique Rüfenacht
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Johannes Häberle
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Diana Ballhausen
- Pediatric Metabolic Unit, Pediatrics, Woman-Mother-Child Department, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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4
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Märtner EMC, Maier EM, Mengler K, Thimm E, Schiergens KA, Marquardt T, Santer R, Weinhold N, Marquardt I, Das AM, Freisinger P, Grünert SC, Vossbeck J, Steinfeld R, Baumgartner MR, Beblo S, Dieckmann A, Näke A, Lindner M, Heringer-Seifert J, Lenz D, Hoffmann GF, Mühlhausen C, Ensenauer R, Garbade SF, Kölker S, Boy N. Impact of interventional and non-interventional variables on anthropometric long-term development in glutaric aciduria type 1: A national prospective multi-centre study. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:629-638. [PMID: 33274439 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) is a rare neurometabolic disorder, caused by inherited deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mostly affecting the brain. Early identification by newborn screening (NBS) significantly improves neurologic outcome. It has remained unclear whether recommended therapy, particular low lysine diet, is safe or negatively affects anthropometric long-term outcome. This national prospective, observational, multi-centre study included 79 patients identified by NBS and investigated effects of interventional and non-interventional parameters on body weight, body length, body mass index (BMI) and head circumference as well as neurological parameters. Adherence to recommended maintenance and emergency treatment (ET) had a positive impact on neurologic outcome and allowed normal anthropometric development until adulthood. In contrast, non-adherence to ET, resulting in increased risk of dystonia, had a negative impact on body weight (mean SDS -1.07; P = .023) and body length (mean SDS -1.34; P = -.016). Consistently, longitudinal analysis showed a negative influence of severe dystonia on weight and length development over time (P < .001). Macrocephaly was more often found in female (mean SDS 0.56) than in male patients (mean SDS -0.20; P = .049), and also in individuals with high excreter phenotype (mean SDS 0.44) compared to low excreter patients (mean SDS -0.68; P = .016). In GA1, recommended long-term treatment is effective and allows for normal anthropometric long-term development up to adolescence, with gender- and excreter type-specific variations. Delayed ET and severe movement disorder result in poor anthropometric outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Charlotte Märtner
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther M Maier
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Mengler
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Thimm
- Division of Experimental Paediatrics and Metabolism, Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of General Paediatrics, Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - René Santer
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Weinhold
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Chronically Sick Children, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iris Marquardt
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anibh M Das
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Metabolic Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Sarah C Grünert
- Department of General Paediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Judith Vossbeck
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical School, Ulm, Germany
| | - Robert Steinfeld
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias R Baumgartner
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Skadi Beblo
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Paediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospitals, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Dieckmann
- Centre for Inborn Metabolic Disorders, Department of Neuropaediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Näke
- Children's Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Lindner
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jana Heringer-Seifert
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominic Lenz
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chris Mühlhausen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regina Ensenauer
- Division of Experimental Paediatrics and Metabolism, Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven F Garbade
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolas Boy
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Leandro J, Bender A, Dodatko T, Argmann C, Yu C, Houten SM. Glutaric aciduria type 3 is a naturally occurring biochemical trait in inbred mice of 129 substrains. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 132:139-145. [PMID: 33483254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The glutaric acidurias are a group of inborn errors of metabolism with different etiologies. Glutaric aciduria type 3 (GA3) is a biochemical phenotype with uncertain clinical relevance caused by a deficiency of succinyl-CoA:glutarate-CoA transferase (SUGCT). SUGCT catalyzes the succinyl-CoA-dependent conversion of glutaric acid into glutaryl-CoA preventing urinary loss of the organic acid. Here, we describe the presence of a GA3 trait in mice of 129 substrains due to SUGCT deficiency, which was identified by screening of urine organic acid profiles obtained from different inbred mouse strains including 129S2/SvPasCrl. Molecular and biochemical analyses in an F2 population of the parental C57BL/6J and 129S2/SvPasCrl strains (B6129F2) confirmed that the GA3 trait occurred in Sugct129/129 animals. We evaluated the impact of SUGCT deficiency on metabolite accumulation in the glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) mouse model. We found that GA1 mice with SUGCT deficiency have decreased excretion of urine 3-hydroxyglutaric acid and decreased levels glutarylcarnitine in urine, plasma and kidney. Our work demonstrates that SUGCT contributes to the production of glutaryl-CoA under conditions of low and pathologically high glutaric acid levels. Our work also highlights the notion that unexpected biochemical phenotypes can occur in widely used inbred animal lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Leandro
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aaron Bender
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tetyana Dodatko
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chunli Yu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mount Sinai Genomics, Inc, Stamford, CT 06902, USA
| | - Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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6
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Wajner M, Vargas CR, Amaral AU. Disruption of mitochondrial functions and oxidative stress contribute to neurologic dysfunction in organic acidurias. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 696:108646. [PMID: 33098870 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic acidurias (OADs) are inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism biochemically characterized by accumulation of short-chain carboxylic acids in tissues and biological fluids of the affected patients and clinically by predominant neurological manifestations. Some of these disorders are amenable to treatment, which significantly decreases mortality and morbidity, but it is still ineffective to prevent long-term neurologic and systemic complications. Although pathogenesis of OADs is still poorly established, recent human and animal data, such as lactic acidosis, mitochondrial morphological alterations, decreased activities of respiratory chain complexes and altered parameters of oxidative stress, found in tissues from patients and from genetic mice models with these diseases indicate that disruption of critical mitochondrial functions and oxidative stress play an important role in their pathophysiology. Furthermore, organic acids that accumulate in the most prevalent OADs were shown to compromise bioenergetics, by decreasing ATP synthesis, mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing equivalent content and calcium retention capacity, besides inducing mitochondrial swelling, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation and apoptosis. It is therefore presumed that secondary mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by major metabolites accumulating in OADs contribute to tissue damage in these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
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7
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Leandro J, Dodatko T, DeVita RJ, Chen H, Stauffer B, Yu C, Houten SM. Deletion of 2-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase limits metabolite accumulation in cell and mouse models for glutaric aciduria type 1. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:1154-1164. [PMID: 32567100 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) is an inborn error of lysine degradation characterized by acute encephalopathy that is caused by toxic accumulation of lysine degradation intermediates. We investigated the efficacy of substrate reduction through inhibition of 2-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase (AASS), an enzyme upstream of the defective glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH), in a cell line and mouse model of GA1. We show that loss of AASS function in GCDH-deficient HEK-293 cells leads to an approximately fivefold reduction in the established GA1 clinical biomarker glutarylcarnitine. In the GA1 mouse model, deletion of Aass leads to a 4.3-, 3.8-, and 3.2-fold decrease in the glutaric acid levels in urine, brain, and liver, respectively. Parallel decreases were observed in urine and brain 3-hydroxyglutaric acid levels, and plasma, urine, and brain glutarylcarnitine levels. These in vivo data demonstrate that the saccharopine pathway is the main source of glutaric acid production in the brain and periphery of a mouse model for GA1, and support the notion that pharmacological inhibition of AASS may represent an attractive strategy to treat GA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Leandro
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tetyana Dodatko
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert J DeVita
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York, USA
- Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Mount Sinai Genomics, Inc., Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brandon Stauffer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Mount Sinai Genomics, Inc., Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chunli Yu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Mount Sinai Genomics, Inc., Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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8
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Pathogenesis of brain damage in glutaric acidemia type I: Lessons from the genetic mice model. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 78:215-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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9
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Cudré-Cung HP, Remacle N, do Vale-Pereira S, Gonzalez M, Henry H, Ivanisevic J, Schmiesing J, Mühlhausen C, Braissant O, Ballhausen D. Ammonium accumulation and chemokine decrease in culture media of Gcdh -/- 3D reaggregated brain cell cultures. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:416-428. [PMID: 30686684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glutaric Aciduria type I (GA-I) is caused by mutations in the GCDH gene. Its deficiency results in accumulation of the key metabolites glutaric acid (GA) and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3-OHGA) in body tissues and fluids. Present knowledge on the neuropathogenesis of GA-I suggests that GA and 3-OHGA have toxic properties on the developing brain. We analyzed morphological and biochemical features of 3D brain cell aggregates issued from Gcdh-/- mice at two different developmental stages, day-in-vitro (DIV) 8 and 14, corresponding to the neonatal period and early childhood. We also induced a metabolic stress by exposing the aggregates to 10 mM l-lysine (Lys). Significant amounts of GA and 3-OHGA were detected in Gcdh-/- aggregates and their culture media. Ammonium was significantly increased in culture media of Gcdh-/- aggregates at the early developmental stage. Concentrations of GA, 3-OHGA and ammonium increased significantly after exposure to Lys. Gcdh-/- aggregates manifested morphological alterations of all brain cell types at DIV 8 while at DIV 14 they were only visible after exposure to Lys. Several chemokine levels were significantly decreased in culture media of Gcdh-/- aggregates at DIV 14 and after exposure to Lys at DIV 8. This new in vitro model for brain damage in GA-I mimics well in vivo conditions. As seen previously in WT aggregates exposed to 3-OHGA, we confirmed a significant ammonium production by immature Gcdh-/- brain cells. We described for the first time a decrease of chemokines in Gcdh-/- culture media which might contribute to brain cell injury in GA-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Phuc Cudré-Cung
- Pediatric Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Chemin de Mont-Paisible 18, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Noémie Remacle
- Pediatric Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Chemin de Mont-Paisible 18, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sonia do Vale-Pereira
- Pediatric Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Chemin de Mont-Paisible 18, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mary Gonzalez
- Pediatric Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Chemin de Mont-Paisible 18, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Hugues Henry
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 19, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jessica Schmiesing
- Department of Biochemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Children's Hospital, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Chris Mühlhausen
- Department of Biochemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Children's Hospital, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Diana Ballhausen
- Pediatric Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Chemin de Mont-Paisible 18, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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10
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Zielonka M, Probst J, Carl M, Hoffmann GF, Kölker S, Okun JG. Bioenergetic dysfunction in a zebrafish model of acute hyperammonemic decompensation. Exp Neurol 2019; 314:91-99. [PMID: 30653968 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy is a life-threatening manifestation of individuals with urea cycle disorders, which is associated with high mortality rates and severe neurological sequelae in survivors. Cerebral bioenergetic failure has been proposed as one of the key mechanisms underlying hyperammonemia-induced brain damage, but data supporting this hypothesis remain inconclusive and partially contradictory. Using a previously established zebrafish model of acute hyperammonemic decompensation, we unraveled that acute hyperammonemia leads to a transamination-dependent withdrawal of 2-oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle with consecutive TCA cycle dysfunction, ultimately causing impaired oxidative phosphorylation with ATP shortage, decreased ATP/ADP-ratio and elevated lactate concentrations. Thus, our study supports and extends the hypothesis that cerebral bioenergetic dysfunction is an important pathophysiological hallmark of hyperammonemia-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Zielonka
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division for Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Research Center for Molecular Medicine (HRCMM), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Joris Probst
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division for Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Carl
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Laboratory of Translational Neurogenetics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Georg Friedrich Hoffmann
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division for Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division for Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Günther Okun
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division for Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Olivera-Bravo S, Seminotti B, Isasi E, Ribeiro CA, Leipnitz G, Woontner M, Goodman SI, Souza D, Barbeito L, Wajner M. Long Lasting High Lysine Diet Aggravates White Matter Injury in Glutaryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficient (Gcdh−/−) Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:648-657. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Boy N, Mengler K, Thimm E, Schiergens KA, Marquardt T, Weinhold N, Marquardt I, Das AM, Freisinger P, Grünert SC, Vossbeck J, Steinfeld R, Baumgartner MR, Beblo S, Dieckmann A, Näke A, Lindner M, Heringer J, Hoffmann GF, Mühlhausen C, Maier EM, Ensenauer R, Garbade SF, Kölker S. Newborn screening: A disease-changing intervention for glutaric aciduria type 1. Ann Neurol 2018; 83:970-979. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Boy
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Katharina Mengler
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Eva Thimm
- Division of Experimental Pediatrics and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics; Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of General Pediatrics; Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Natalie Weinhold
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Chronically Sick Children; Berlin Germany
| | - Iris Marquardt
- Department of Child Neurology; Children's Hospital Oldenburg; Oldenburg Germany
| | - Anibh M. Das
- Department of Pediatrics; Pediatric Metabolic Medicine, Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | | | - Sarah C. Grünert
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine, and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine; Medical Center, University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Judith Vossbeck
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine; Ulm University Medical School; Ulm Germany
| | - Robert Steinfeld
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology; University Medical Center; Göttingen Germany
| | - Matthias R. Baumgartner
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Skadi Beblo
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents; Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospitals, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Andrea Dieckmann
- Center for Inborn Metabolic Disorders, Department of Neuropediatrics; Jena University Hospital; Jena Germany
| | - Andrea Näke
- Children's Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Lindner
- Division of Pediatric Neurology; University Children's Hospital Frankfurt; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Jana Heringer
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Georg F. Hoffmann
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Chris Mühlhausen
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Esther M. Maier
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - Regina Ensenauer
- Division of Experimental Pediatrics and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics; Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Sven F. Garbade
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
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13
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Sun S, Guo Z, Fu H, Ge X, Zhu J, Gu Z. Based on the Metabolomic Approach the Energy Metabolism Responses of Oriental River Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense Hepatopancreas to Acute Hypoxia and Reoxygenation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:76. [PMID: 29686619 PMCID: PMC5900017 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia represents a major physiological challenge for prawns and is a problem in aquaculture. Therefore, an understanding of the metabolic response mechanism of economically important prawn species to hypoxia and re-oxygenation is essential. However, little is known about the intrinsic mechanisms by which the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense copes with hypoxia at the metabolic level. In this study, we conducted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics studies and assays of energy metabolism-related parameters to investigate the metabolic mechanisms in the hepatopancreas of M. nipponense in response to 2.0 O2/L hypoxia for 6 and 24 h, and reoxygenation for 6 h following hypoxia for 24 h. Prawns under hypoxic stress displayed higher glycolysis-related enzyme activities and lower mRNA expression levels of aerobic respiratory enzymes than those in the normoxic control group, and those parameters returned to control levels in the reoxygenated group. Our results showed that hypoxia induced significant metabolomic alterations in the prawn hepatopancreas within 24 h. The main metabolic alterations were depletion of amino acids and 2-hydroxybutanoic acid and accumulation of lactate. Further, the findings indicated that hypoxia disturbed energy metabolism and induced antioxidant defense regulation in prawns. Surprisingly, recovery from hypoxia (i.e., reoxygenation) significantly affected 25 metabolites. Some amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, glutamate, and methionine) were markedly decreased compared to the control group, suggesting that increased degradation of amino acids occurred to provide energy in prawns at reoxygenation conditions. This study describes the acute metabolomic alterations that occur in prawns in response to hypoxia and demonstrates the potential of the altered metabolites as biomarkers of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhongbao Guo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhimin Gu
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
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14
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Vendramin Pasquetti M, Meier L, Loureiro S, Ganzella M, Junges B, Barbieri Caus L, Umpierrez Amaral A, Koeller DM, Goodman S, Woontner M, Gomes de Souza DO, Wajner M, Calcagnotto ME. Impairment of GABAergic system contributes to epileptogenesis in glutaric acidemia type I. Epilepsia 2017; 58:1771-1781. [PMID: 28762469 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glutaric acidemia type I (GA-I) is an inherited neurometabolic disorder caused by deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) and characterized by increased levels of glutaric, 3-OH-glutaric, and glutaconic acids in the brain parenchyma. The increment of these organic acids inhibits glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and consequently lowers the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis. Untreated patients exhibit severe neurologic deficits during development, including epilepsy, especially following an acute encephalopathy outbreak. In this work, we evaluated the role of the GABAergic system on epileptogenesis in GA-I using the Gcdh-/- mice exposed to a high lysine diet (Gcdh-/- -Lys). METHODS Spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), seizure susceptibility, and changes in brain oscillations were evaluated by video-electroencephalography (EEG). Cortical GABAergic synaptic transmission was evaluated using electrophysiologic and neurochemical approaches. RESULTS SRS were observed in 72% of Gcdh-/- -Lys mice, whereas no seizures were detected in age-matched controls (Gcdh+/+ or Gcdh-/- receiving normal diet). The severity and number of PTZ-induced seizures were higher in Gcdh-/- -Lys mice. EEG spectral analysis showed a significant decrease in theta and gamma oscillations and predominant delta waves in Gcdh-/- -Lys mice, associated with increased EEG left index. Analysis of cortical synaptosomes revealed a significantly increased percentage of glutamate release and decreased GABA release in Gcdh-/- -Lys mice that were associated with a decrease in cortical GAD immunocontent and activity and confirmed by reduced frequency of inhibitory events in cortical pyramidal cells. SIGNIFICANCE Using an experimental model with a phenotype similar to that of GA-I in humans-the Gcdh-/- mice under high lysine diet (Gcdh-/- -Lys)-we provide evidence that a reduction in cortical inhibition of Gcdh-/- -Lys mice, probably induced by GAD dysfunction, leads to hyperexcitability and increased slow oscillations associated with neurologic abnormalities in GA-I. Our findings offer a new perspective on the pathophysiology of brain damage in GA-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Vendramin Pasquetti
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory-NNNESP Lab.), Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Letícia Meier
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory-NNNESP Lab.), Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Samanta Loureiro
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ganzella
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Junges
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory-NNNESP Lab.), Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Letícia Barbieri Caus
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory-NNNESP Lab.), Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - David M Koeller
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A
| | - Stephen Goodman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Michael Woontner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Diogo Onofre Gomes de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Calcagnotto
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory-NNNESP Lab.), Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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15
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Biagosch C, Ediga RD, Hensler SV, Faerberboeck M, Kuehn R, Wurst W, Meitinger T, Kölker S, Sauer S, Prokisch H. Elevated glutaric acid levels in Dhtkd1-/Gcdh- double knockout mice challenge our current understanding of lysine metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2220-2228. [PMID: 28545977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I) is a rare organic aciduria caused by the autosomal recessive inherited deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH). GCDH deficiency leads to disruption of l-lysine degradation with characteristic accumulation of glutarylcarnitine and neurotoxic glutaric acid (GA), glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3-OHGA). DHTKD1 acts upstream of GCDH, and its deficiency leads to none or often mild clinical phenotype in humans, 2-aminoadipic 2-oxoadipic aciduria. We hypothesized that inhibition of DHTKD1 may prevent the accumulation of neurotoxic dicarboxylic metabolites suggesting DHTKD1 inhibition as a possible treatment strategy for GA-I. In order to validate this hypothesis we took advantage of an existing GA-I (Gcdh-/-) mouse model and established a Dhtkd1 deficient mouse model. Both models reproduced the biochemical and clinical phenotype observed in patients. Under challenging conditions of a high lysine diet, only Gcdh-/- mice but not Dhtkd1-/- mice developed clinical symptoms such as lethargic behaviour and weight loss. However, the genetic Dhtkd1 inhibition in Dhtkd1-/-/Gcdh-/- mice could not rescue the GA-I phenotype. Biochemical results confirm this finding with double knockout mice showing similar metabolite accumulations as Gcdh-/- mice with high GA in brain and liver. This suggests that DHTKD1 inhibition alone is not sufficient to treat GA-I, but instead a more complex strategy is needed. Our data highlights the many unresolved questions within the l-lysine degradation pathway and provides evidence for a so far unknown mechanism leading to glutaryl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Biagosch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Raga Deepthi Ediga
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja-Viola Hensler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Faerberboeck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kuehn
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Sauer
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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