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Tang W, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li K, Zhao Z, Ma H, Jiang X, Jia Z, Ma Q. Progress in the study of association between hematological indicators and retinopathy of prematurity (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 21:111. [PMID: 38912168 PMCID: PMC11190637 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinopathy caused by abnormal proliferation of blood vessels in premature infants. It can lead to retinal detachment and, in severe cases, blindness, rendering ROP a critical condition. Advances in neonatal medicine have improved survival rates of low birth weight and low gestational age infants. However, this progress has also led to a rise in incidence of ROP. Currently, premature birth, low birth weight and high postpartum oxygen levels are independent risk factors for ROP. Other factors include mode of delivery, multiple births, anemia, blood transfusion, maternal pregnancy factors, neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia, use of surfactants, arterial ductus arteriosus and necrotizing enterocolitis. Laboratory indicators in premature infants such as platelet count, levels of blood glucose, inflammatory cells, lipid and hemoglobin and blood transfusion may also be associated with ROP. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of ROP are not fully understood. A number of factors may influence the onset and progression of ROP, including decreased platelet counts, decreased hemoglobin levels, increased white blood cell counts, increased blood glucose levels, and disorders of lipid metabolism. The present study reviewed the effects of platelet count, hemoglobin, blood glucose, inflammatory cells and factors, blood lipids, and plasma metabolic pathways on ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Haifang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Kejun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Huijie Ma
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Xinli Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyang Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Qingmin Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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Zheng J, Zhang W, Xu R, Liu L. The role of adiponectin and its receptor signaling in ocular inflammation-associated diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 717:150041. [PMID: 38710142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Ocular inflammation-associated diseases are leading causes of global visual impairment, with limited treatment options. Adiponectin, a hormone primarily secreted by adipose tissue, binds to its receptors, which are widely distributed throughout the body, exerting powerful physiological regulatory effects. The protective role of adiponectin in various inflammatory diseases has gained increasing attention in recent years. Previous studies have confirmed the presence of adiponectin and its receptors in the eyes. Furthermore, adiponectin and its analogs have shown potential as novel drugs for the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases. This article summarizes the evidence for the interplay between adiponectin and inflammatory eye diseases and provides new perspectives on the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqiu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Choubey M, Tirumalasetty MB, Bora NS, Bora PS. Linking Adiponectin and Its Receptors to Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Biomedicines 2023; 11:3044. [PMID: 38002042 PMCID: PMC10668948 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a captivating focus of interest in elucidating the intricate crosstalk between adiponectin (APN), a versatile fat-associated adipokine and ocular pathologies. Unveiling the intricate relationship between adipocytokine APN and its receptors (AdipoRs) with aging eye disorders has emerged as a fascinating frontier in medical research. This review article delves into this connection, illuminating the hidden influence of APN on retinal health. This comprehensive review critically examines the latest findings and breakthroughs that underscore the pivotal roles of APN/AdipoRs signaling in maintaining ocular homeostasis and protecting against eye ailments. Here, we meticulously explore the intriguing mechanisms by which APN protein influences retinal function and overall visual acuity. Drawing from an extensive array of cutting-edge studies, the article highlights APN's multifaceted functions, ranging from anti-inflammatory properties and oxidative stress reduction to angiogenic regulation within retinal and macula tissues. The involvement of APN/AdipoRs in mediating these effects opens up novel avenues for potential therapeutic interventions targeting prevalent aging eye conditions. Moreover, this review unravels the interplay between APN signaling pathways and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The single-cell RNA-seq results validate the expression of both the receptor isoforms (AdipoR1/R2) in retinal cells. The transcriptomic analysis showed lower expression of AdipoR1/2 in dry AMD pathogenesis compared to healthy subjects. The inhibitory adiponectin peptide (APN1) demonstrated over 75% suppression of CNV, whereas the control peptide did not exert any inhibitory effect on choroidal neovascularization (CNV). The elucidation of these relationships fosters a deeper understanding of adipose tissue's profound influence on ocular health, presenting new prospects for personalized treatments and preventative measures. Because APN1 inhibits CNV and leakage, it can be used to treat human AMD, although the possibility to treat human AMD is in the early stage and more clinical research is needed. In conclusion, this review provides a captivating journey into the enthralling world of APN, intertwining the realms of adipose biology and ophthalmology in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Choubey
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (M.C.); (M.B.T.)
| | - Munichandra B. Tirumalasetty
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (M.C.); (M.B.T.)
| | - Nalini S. Bora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, Pat & Willard Walker Eye Research Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Puran S. Bora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, Pat & Willard Walker Eye Research Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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An Y, Cao B, Li K, Xu Y, Zhao W, Zhao D, Ke J. A Prediction Model for Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Plasma Adipokines among Patients with Mild Diabetic Retinopathy. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:8831609. [PMID: 37920605 PMCID: PMC10620016 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8831609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has suggested a link between adipokines and diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study is aimed at investigating the risk factors for sight-threatening DR (STDR) and establishing a prognostic model for predicting STDR among a high-risk population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Plasma concentrations of adipokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the case-control set, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to select optimal predictive cytokines for STDR, involving severe nonproliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR. Support vector machine (SVM) was used to examine the possible combination of baseline plasma adipokines to discriminate the patients with mild NPDR who will later develop STDR. An individual prospective cohort with a follow-up period of 3 years was used for the external validation. Results In both training and testing sets, involving 306 patients with T2DM, median levels of plasma adiponectin (APN), leptin, and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) were significantly higher in the STDR group than those in mild NPDR. Except for adipsin, the other three adipokines, FABP4, APN, and leptin, were selected by PCA and integrated into SVM. The accuracy of the multivariate SVM classification model was acceptable in both the training set (AUC = 0.81, sensitivity = 71%, and specificity = 91%) and the testing set (AUC = 0.77, sensitivity = 61%, and specificity = 92%). 110 T2DM patients with mild NPDR, the high-risk population of STDR, were enrolled for external validation. Based on the SVM, the risk of each patient was calculated. More STDR occurred in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group, which were grouped by the median value of APN, FABP4, and leptin, respectively. The model was validated in an individual cohort using SVM with the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity reaching 0.77, 64%, and 91%, respectively. Conclusions Adiponectin, leptin, and FABP4 were demonstrated to be associated with the severity of DR and maybe good predictors for STDR, suggesting that adipokines may play an important role in the pathophysiology of DR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin An
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Kun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Yongsong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Wenying Zhao
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Jing Ke
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
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5
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Fagian Pansani V, Dolfini Celim LB, Amorim Oliveira G, Rosa Degasperi G. Adiponectin: A "Friendly adipokine" in Diabetic Retinopathy? Semin Ophthalmol 2023; 38:602-609. [PMID: 37157861 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2205929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adiponectin has also been associated with diabetic retinopathy, a diabetic microvascular complication. However, the mechanism of action of adiponectin in retinopathy is still under investigation. This review summarizes emerging evidence on the association with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. METHODS We reviwed papers from 2004 to 2022 and included studies related to retinopathy and its association with blood and intraocular adiponectin in type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Most of the studies analyzed in this review suggested an association between the diabetic retinopathy progression and intraocular, serum, or plasma adiponectin levels. Increased levels of adiponectin contributed to the development of the disease in diabetic patients. In a minority of studies, it was indicated an inversely proportional relationship between adiponectin concentration and diabetic retinopathy severity. CONCLUSION The high levels of adiponectin in diabetic patients may be related to the decrease in renal clearance. Under this situation, if the predominant isoform is globular adiponectin, this may explain the retinopathy progression, considering a pro-inflammatory response induced by this isoform. However, the actions of adiponectin in diabetic retinopathy pathophysiology are still controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fagian Pansani
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Fu Z, Lundgren P, Pivodic A, Yagi H, Harman JC, Yang J, Ko M, Neilsen K, Talukdar S, Hellström A, Smith LEH. FGF21 via mitochondrial lipid oxidation promotes physiological vascularization in a mouse model of Phase I ROP. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:409-421. [PMID: 36943533 PMCID: PMC10328855 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in early postnatal life of preterm infants with incompletely vascularized retinas is associated with increased risk of potentially blinding neovascular retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Neovascular ROP (Phase II ROP) is a compensatory but ultimately pathological response to the suppression of physiological postnatal retinal vascular development (Phase I ROP). Hyperglycemia in neonatal mice which suppresses physiological retinal vascular growth is associated with decreased expression of systemic and retinal fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). FGF21 administration promoted and FGF21 deficiency suppressed the physiological retinal vessel growth. FGF21 increased serum adiponectin (APN) levels and loss of APN abolished FGF21 promotion of physiological retinal vascular development. Blocking mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation also abolished FGF21 protection against delayed physiological retinal vessel growth. Clinically, preterm infants developing severe neovascular ROP (versus non-severe ROP) had a lower total lipid intake with more parenteral and less enteral during the first 4 weeks of life. Our data suggest that increasing FGF21 levels in the presence of adequate enteral lipids may help prevent Phase I retinopathy (and therefore prevent neovascular disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pia Lundgren
- The Sahlgrenska Centre for Pediatric Ophthalmology Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aldina Pivodic
- The Sahlgrenska Centre for Pediatric Ophthalmology Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hitomi Yagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jarrod C Harman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jay Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Minji Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Katherine Neilsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Ann Hellström
- The Sahlgrenska Centre for Pediatric Ophthalmology Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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7
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Choubey M, Bora P. Emerging Role of Adiponectin/AdipoRs Signaling in Choroidal Neovascularization, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, and Diabetic Retinopathy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:982. [PMID: 37371562 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of irreversible blindness in adults, may result in poor central vision, making it difficult to see, read, and drive. AMD is generally classified in either dry or wet types. Milder cases of dry AMD may progress to geographic atrophy (GA), leading to significant visual disability; wet, or neovascular AMD, which involves choroidal neovascularization (CNV), can lead to complete loss of central vision. Adiponectin (APN) discovery in the mid-1990's and, subsequently, its two cognate receptors (AdipoRs) in the early 2000s have led to a remarkable progress in better understanding metabolic disorders, as well as metabolism-associated ocular pathology. APN/AdipoRs signaling plays a central role in a variety of molecular and cellular physiological events, including glucose and lipid metabolism, whole-body energy regulation, immune and inflammation responses, insulin sensitivity and retinal cell biological functions. This review is an amalgamation of recent information related to APN/AdipoRs in the pathophysiology of retinal diseases and furthers its association with AMD and diabetic retinopathy. Additionally, we present our original research, where we designed control peptide and CNV inhibitory peptide from the globular region of APN to see the effect of these peptides on the mouse model of laser-induced CNV. The inhibitory peptide (APN1) inhibited CNV by more than 75% while the control peptide did not inhibit CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Choubey
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Puran Bora
- Pat & Willard Walker Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Deng H, Ai M, Cao Y, Cai L, Guo X, Yang X, Yi G, Fu M. Potential Protective Function of Adiponectin in Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:1519-1534. [PMID: 37000404 PMCID: PMC10164206 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, one of the most ubiquitous adipokines found in the blood, plays a major role in glucolipid metabolism and energy metabolism and regulation. In recent years, a growing body of research indicates that adiponectin also plays a significant role in diabetic retinopathy. In the present review, we specifically address the protective effects of adiponectin on the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy through improvement in insulin resistance, alleviation of oxidative stress, limiting of inflammation, and prevention of vascular remodeling, with the aim to explore new potential approaches and targets for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue Middle, Haizhu, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Meichen Ai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue Middle, Haizhu, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuchen Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue Middle, Haizhu, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Liyang Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue Middle, Haizhu, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Guo
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiongyi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue Middle, Haizhu, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoguo Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 26, Erheng Road, Yuancun, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China.
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue Middle, Haizhu, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
- The Second Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Bartol-Puyal FDA, Isanta C, Verdes G, Ruiz-Moreno Ó, Calvo P, Pablo L. Influence of inflammatory plasma biomarkers on choroidal thickness in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:468-482. [PMID: 36062616 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221124691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the influence of inflammatory plasma biomarkers on choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Cross-sectional study enrolling T2D patients and age-matched healthy controls (>55 years of age, Caucasian, axial length <26 mm, no macular edema, and naïve). Patients were examined with swept-source OCT Triton, obtaining automatic measurements. CT was analyzed using the ETDRS grid and the recently proposed choroidal division. A blood analysis was commanded: general biochemical profile, liver status, T2D status, thyroid and parathyroid activity, coagulation, general immunological profile, and inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS 124 eyes of 124 patients with a mean age between 66 and 68 years were examined. The new choroidal division showed differences between groups (p < 0.05) in more sectors than the ETDRS grid, and more biomarkers influenced these new sectors. T2D patients had higher levels of IL-8, TNF-α, MCP1, adiponectin and L-selectin. CT was influenced by TNF-α, IL-17, leukocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, as well as by HDL cholesterol, albumin, liver function biomarkers, and TSH. HbA1c showed little influence on CT. CONCLUSIONS T2D patients present increased plasma inflammatory biomarkers, exhibiting an influence on CT. IL-17 is related to a thicker choroid but TNF-α is related to a thinner choroid. HbA1c has little influence on CT. The recently proposed choroidal division is more sensitive to CT changes than the ETDRS grid. Some sectors are more sensitive to plasma biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de Asís Bartol-Puyal
- Ophthalmology Department, 16488Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragón Institute for Health Research (507423IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Isanta
- Ophthalmology Department, 16488Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragón Institute for Health Research (507423IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guayente Verdes
- Endocrinology Department, 16678Hospital de Alcañiz, Alcañiz, Spain
| | - Óscar Ruiz-Moreno
- Ophthalmology Department, 16488Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragón Institute for Health Research (507423IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,16765Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Calvo
- Ophthalmology Department, 16488Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragón Institute for Health Research (507423IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Pablo
- Ophthalmology Department, 16488Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragón Institute for Health Research (507423IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,16765Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Biotech Vision SLP, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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10
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Vitreous protein networks around ANG2 and VEGF in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and the differential effects of aflibercept versus bevacizumab pre-treatment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21062. [PMID: 36473885 PMCID: PMC9726866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signalling proteins interact in networks rather than in isolation. In this context we investigated vitreous protein levels, including placental growth factor (PlGF), angiopoietin-2 (ANG2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with variable disease severities, and after anti-VEGF pre-treatment. Vitreous samples of 112 consecutive patients undergoing vitrectomy for PDR and of 52 non-diabetic patients with macular holes as controls were studied. A subset of the PDR patients were treated with either aflibercept (AFB, n = 25) or bevacizumab (BVZ)/ranibizumab (RZB) (n = 13), before surgery. Antibody-based analysis of 35 proteins (growth factors and cytokines) showed a significant increase in expression levels of 27 proteins in PDR patients as compared to controls. In network analysis of co-regulated proteins, a strong correlation in expression levels between VEGF, PlGF, MCP1 and ANG2 was found, mostly clustered around ANG2. In the AFB treatment group, concentrations of several proteins were decreased, including VEGFR1, whereas interleukin 6 and 8 were increased as compared to untreated PDR patients. The observed differences in vitreous protein levels between the different treatments and untreated PDR patients may underlie differences in clinical outcomes in patients with PDR.
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11
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Casciano F, Zauli E, Rimondi E, Mura M, Previati M, Busin M, Zauli G. The role of the mTOR pathway in diabetic retinopathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:973856. [PMID: 36388931 PMCID: PMC9663464 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.973856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The retina, the part of the eye, translates the light signal into an electric current that can be sent to the brain as visual information. To achieve this, the retina requires fine-tuned vascularization for its energy supply. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) causes alterations in the eye vascularization that reduce the oxygen supply with consequent retinal neurodegeneration. During DR, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway seems to coordinate retinal neurodegeneration with multiple anabolic and catabolic processes, such as autophagy, oxidative stress, cell death, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are closely related to chronic hyperglycemia. This review outlines the normal anatomy of the retina and how hyperglycemia can be involved in the neurodegeneration underlying this disease through over activation or inhibition of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Casciano
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Mura
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maurizio Previati
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Busin
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Bushra S, Al-Sadeq DW, Bari R, Sahara A, Fadel A, Rizk N. Adiponectin Ameliorates Hyperglycemia-Induced Retinal Endothelial Dysfunction, Highlighting Pathways, Regulators, and Networks. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3135-3166. [PMID: 35662872 PMCID: PMC9156523 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s358594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is multifaced. A low level of circulating adiponectin (APN) in type 2 diabetes is associated with microvasculature complications, and its role in the evolution of DR is complex. Aim This study is designed to explore the potential impact of APN in the pathogenesis of DR, linking the changes in cellular and biological processes with the pathways, networks, and regulators involved in its actions. Methods Human microvascular retinal endothelial cells (HMRECs) were exposed to 30mM glucose (HG) and treated with globular adiponectin (30μg/mL) for 24 hours. The cells were evaluated for reactive oxidative stress (ROS) and apoptosis. RT-PCR profile arrays were utilized to evaluate the profile of genes involved in endothelial functions, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix, and adhesion molecules for hyperglycemic HMRECs treated with adiponectin. In addition, the barrier function, leukocyte migration, and angiogenesis were evaluated. The differential expressed genes (DEGs) were outlined, and bioinformatic analysis was applied. Results Adiponectin suppresses ROS production and apoptosis in HMRECs under HG conditions. Adiponectin improved migration and barrier functions in hyperglycemic cells. The bioinformatic analysis highlighted that the signaling pathways of integrin, HMGB1, and p38 AMPK, are mainly involved in the actions of APN on HMRECs. APN significantly affects molecular functions, including the adhesion of cells, chemotaxis, migration of WBCs, and angiogenesis. STAT3, NFKB, IKBKB, and mir-8 are the top upstream regulators, which affect the expressions of the genes of the data set, while TNF and TGFB1 are the top regulators. Conclusion Adiponectin significantly counteracts hyperglycemia at various cellular and molecular levels, reducing its impact on the pathophysiological progression towards DR in vitro using HMRECs. Adiponectin ameliorates inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and endothelial barrier dysfunction using a causal network of NFBk complex, TNF, and HMGB1 and integrin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Bushra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Duaa W Al-Sadeq
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Redwana Bari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afifah Sahara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amina Fadel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nasser Rizk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Correspondence: Nasser Rizk, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar, Tel +974-4403-4786, Email
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Luo Q, Leley SP, Bello E, Dhami H, Mathew D, Bhatwadekar AD. Dapagliflozin protects neural and vascular dysfunction of the retina in diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:e002801. [PMID: 35577387 PMCID: PMC9114950 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-002801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose transporter inhibitor, effectively reduces blood glucose and is indicated for individuals with kidney diseases and cardiovascular disorders. In this study, we further expand the therapeutic benefit of dapagliflozin in the neural and vascular retina, with the potential to effectively manage diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common complication of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Db/db mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes, were treated with dapagliflozin orally, and the electroretinogram (ERG) response and acellular capillary numbers were assessed. Messenger RNA levels of inflammatory cytokines were studied using real-time quantitative (q)PCR. We assessed endothelial cell migration in a scratch wound assay and retinal glucose uptake using human retinal endothelial cells. RESULTS The dapagliflozin treatment improved the ERG b-wave amplitude and decreased acellular capillary numbers. The scratch wound assay demonstrated a reduction in wound closure after dapagliflozin treatment. Retinal glucose uptake reduced after dapagliflozin treatment compared with the respective controls. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggest that dapagliflozin treatment effectively corrects neural and vascular dysfunction of the retina in diabetes. This effect is mediated by a decrease in inflammation and improved glycemic control. In addition, dapagliflozin exhibits decreased wound healing and glucose uptake, which could benefit the retina. Thus, dapagliflozin could be helpful in the management of DR, with multimodal therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sameer P Leley
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Erika Bello
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hurshdeep Dhami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Deepa Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Kollari E, Zografou I, Sampanis C, Athyros VG, Didangelos T, Mantzoros CS, Karagiannis A. Serum adipokine levels in patients with type 1 diabetes are associated with degree of obesity but only resistin is independently associated with atherosclerosis markers. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:91-101. [PMID: 34716910 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-021-00328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of adipokines in causing inflammation and insulin resistance in normal weight and obese patients is generally well studied. However, there are often conflicting results regarding their levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients and their relationship to micro- and macrovascular disease. We therefore investigated which serum adipokine levels are independently associated with markers of early atherosclerosis and microvascular complications in patients with T1DM. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic of Hippokrateion General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. Sixty T1DM patients (30 females, mean age 38.8 ± 10.6 years, mean diabetes duration 17.4 ± 9.9 years) were included. Plasma adiponectin, leptin, and resistin, carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT), and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV/SpygmoCor CP System and Mobil-O-Graph 24 h PWA) were assessed. RESULTS Leptin and resistin levels were significantly higher in overweight and obese patients (p = 0.002 and p = 0.039, respectively). Adiponectin was the only adipokine negatively correlated with BMI (rs = - 0.41, p = 0.001). We report a bivariate association between serum adiponectin levels and retinopathy (p = 0.007). Resistin was the only adipokine that showed significant correlation with systolic (rs = 0.42, p = 0.001) and diastolic (rs = 0.29, p = 0.024) hypertension and PWV (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Serum adipokine levels demonstrate similar bivariate associations with anthropometric variables in patients with T1DM to those in normal weight subjects. Although microvascular complications are associated with serum adipokine levels by bivariate analysis, only resistin, an inflammatory marker, is independently associated with arterial stiffness in patients with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erieta Kollari
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ioanna Zografou
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Sampanis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilios G Athyros
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asterios Karagiannis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Gouliopoulos N, Siasos G, Bouratzis N, Oikonomou E, Kollia C, Konsola T, Oikonomou D, Rouvas A, Kassi E, Tousoulis D, Moschos MM. Polymorphism analysis of ADIPOQ gene in Greek patients with diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 43:326-331. [PMID: 34895017 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.2015787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several genetic polymorphisms have been identified as risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) onset. The purpose of our study was to determine whether ADIPOQ rs1501299 and rs2241766 gene polymorphisms are associated with DR in a cohort of Greek diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS 218 patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included in the study; 109 suffered from DR and 109 not. All the participants underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, while clinical and demographic data were assessed. Furthermore, they were genotyped for G276T (rs1501299) and T45G (rs2241766) single nucleotide polymorphisms of ADIPOQ gene. RESULTS Between the studied groups, no significant differences were detected regarding the demographic and clinical data (p > .05 for all), except for hemoglobin A1c levels and frequency of insulin treatment (higher in DR patients). We detected that the frequency of rs1501299 GT genotype was significantly elevated in DR patients (53% vs. 34%, p = .004) and was associated with a higher risk of developing retinopathy (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.30-4.11). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the rs1501299 GT genotype was significantly and independently associated with increased odds for DR development in diabetic subjects (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.38-5.21, p = .004), regardless of the impact of other known risk factors. CONCLUSIONS We documented that rs1501299 GT genotype could be recognized as an independent risk factor of retinopathy in T2DM Greek patients, while no role for rs2241766 polymorphism was identified. Further research in different ethnic groups will clarify the exact association of these polymorphisms with the risk of DR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Gouliopoulos
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Bouratzis
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1 Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Kollia
- 1 Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodosia Konsola
- 1 Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Oikonomou
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Rouvas
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kassi
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- 1 Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Marilita M Moschos
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Serum and aqueous humor adiponectin levels correlate with diabetic retinopathy development and progression. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259683. [PMID: 34780524 PMCID: PMC8592425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare adiponectin (APN) levels in the serum and aqueous humor (AH) and evaluate their association with the development/progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS Diabetic patients with (group 3; n = 59) and without (group 2; n = 39) DR and age- and sex-matched normal subjects (group 1; n = 35) were compared. Duration of diabetes, body mass index, serum HbA1c, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), APN, pentraxin 3 (PTX3), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and APN were measured and analyzed. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-three participants were included. Compared to patients without diabetes, diabetic patients with DR had significantly elevated average serum APN levels (5.99±3.89 μg/ml versus 3.51±1.44 μg/ml, P = 0.002) and average AH APN levels (10.94±11.74 ng/ml versus 3.65±3.33 ng/ml, P<0.001). Serum APN was significantly correlated with AH APN (R = 0.512, P<0.001) and AH VEGF (R = 0.202, P = 0.020). The log serum APN was significantly correlated with intraocular cytokines, including log APN, log VEGF, log ICAM, log leptin, log PTX3, log PDGF, angiopoietin, C-reactive protein, and interleukins (IL)-5 and IL-10 (P<0.001, P = 0.020, P<0.001, P<0.001, P = 0.001, P<0.001, P = 0.008, P = 0.009, P<0.001, and P = 0.046, respectively). Log serum VEGF showed a significant correlation only with log AH VEGF (P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to evaluate the association of DR progression and cytokine concentrations; log Serum APN and log AH APN showed good correlation with the DR progression in each model. CONCLUSIONS AH APN levels correlated well with DR development and progression. Serum APN could be a better marker for estimating intraocular cytokines, including both intraocular APN and VEGF concentrations in clinical field, than serum VEGF in DR patients.
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Tomita Y, Usui-Ouchi A, Nilsson AK, Yang J, Ko M, Hellström A, Fu Z. Metabolism in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111119. [PMID: 34832995 PMCID: PMC8620873 DOI: 10.3390/life11111119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity is defined as retinal abnormalities that occur during development as a consequence of disturbed oxygen conditions and nutrient supply after preterm birth. Both neuronal maturation and retinal vascularization are impaired, leading to the compensatory but uncontrolled retinal neovessel growth. Current therapeutic interventions target the hypoxia-induced neovessels but negatively impact retinal neurons and normal vessels. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic disturbance is a significant and underexplored risk factor in the disease pathogenesis. Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia correlate with the retinal neurovascular dysfunction in infants born prematurely. Nutritional and hormonal supplementation relieve metabolic stress and improve retinal maturation. Here we focus on the mechanisms through which metabolism is involved in preterm-birth-related retinal disorder from clinical and experimental investigations. We will review and discuss potential therapeutic targets through the restoration of metabolic responses to prevent disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Tomita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.T.); (J.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Ayumi Usui-Ouchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba 279-0021, Japan;
| | - Anders K. Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 19 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.K.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Jay Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.T.); (J.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Minji Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.T.); (J.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Ann Hellström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 19 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.K.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.T.); (J.Y.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common microvascular complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of acquired blindness in the working-age population. Individuals with diabetes still develop DR despite appropriate glycemic and blood pressure control, highlighting the pressing need to identify useful biomarkers for risk stratification. The purpose of this review is to systematically summarize potential metabolic biomarkers and pathways of DR, which could facilitate developing an understanding of the disease mechanisms, as well as new therapeutic measures. Methods We searched PubMed and Web of Science for relevant metabolomics studies on humans published before September 30, 2020. Information regarding authors, title, publication date, study subjects, analytical platforms, methods of statistical analysis, biological samples, directions of change of potential metabolic biomarkers, and predictive values of metabolic biomarker panels was extracted, and the quality of the studies was assessed. Pathway analysis, including enrichment analysis and topology analysis, was derived from integrating differential metabolites using MetaboAnalyst 3.0, based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Human Metabolome Database. Results We found nine studies focused on the identification of potential biomarkers. Repeatedly identified metabolites including l-glutamine, l-lactic acid, pyruvic acid, acetic acid, l-glutamic acid, d-glucose, l-alanine, l-threonine, citrulline, l-lysine, and succinic acid were found to be potential biomarkers of DR. It was observed that l-glutamine and citrulline changed in all biological samples. Dysregulation of metabolic pathways involved amino acid and energy metabolism. Conclusions This review summarizes potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways, providing insights into new pathogenic pathways for this microvascular complication of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Hou
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Potential Effects of Nutraceuticals in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020079. [PMID: 33499180 PMCID: PMC7912639 DOI: 10.3390/life11020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the most common cause of childhood blindness, is a hypoxia-induced eye disease characterized by retinal neovascularization. In the normal retina, a well-organized vascular network provides oxygen and nutrients as energy sources to maintain a normal visual function; however, it is disrupted when pathological angiogenesis is induced in ROP patients. Under hypoxia, inadequate oxygen and energy supply lead to oxidative stress and stimulate neovasculature formation as well as affecting the function of photoreceptors. In order to meet the metabolic needs in the developing retina, protection against abnormal vascular formation is one way to manage ROP. Although current treatments provide beneficial effects in reducing the severity of ROP, these invasive therapies may also induce life-long consequences such as systemic structural and functional complications as well as neurodevelopment disruption in the developing infants. Nutritional supplements for the newborns are a novel concept for restoring energy supply by protecting the retinal vasculature and may lead to better ROP management. Nutraceuticals are provided in a non-invasive manner without the developmental side effects associated with current treatments. These nutraceuticals have been investigated through various in vitro and in vivo methods and are indicated to protect retinal vasculature. Here, we reviewed and discussed how the use of these nutraceuticals may be beneficial in ROP prevention and management.
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Causal Relationship between Adiponectin and Diabetic Retinopathy: A Mendelian Randomization Study in an Asian Population. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010017. [PMID: 33374471 PMCID: PMC7823606 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) is suggested to be a potential biomarker for predicting diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk, but the association between APN and DR has been inconsistent in observational studies. We used a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate if circulating APN levels result in DR. We applied three different genetic risk scores (GRS): GRSAll combined all 47 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) database-catalog reach significance level; GRSLimited comprised 16 GRSAll-SNPs with a rigorous threshold (p < 5.0 × 10-8 for GWAS), and GRSAPN combined 5 SNPs significantly associated with APN level. The MR-inverse-variance weighted method analysis showed that for each 1-SD increase in genetically induced increase in plasma APN, the OR of having DR was β = 0.20 (95% CI: -0.46-0.85, p = 0.553) for GRSAPN, 0.61 (95% CI: 0.10-1.13, p = 0.020) for GRSAll, and 0.57 (95% CI: -0.06 to 1.20, p = 0.078) for GRSLimited. Sensitivity analysis, including MR-egger regression and the weighted-median approach, did not provide evidence of the pleiotropic effect of IVs. Limited evidence for the causal role of APN in DR risk among Taiwanese diabetic patients was shown based on MR analysis in the present study.
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Ucgun NI, Zeki-Fikret C, Yildirim Z. Inflammation and diabetic retinopathy. Mol Vis 2020; 26:718-721. [PMID: 33209014 PMCID: PMC7655973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the relationship between inflammation in the vitreous and diabetic retinopathy. Methods Vitreous samples from 21 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), 21 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and 21 nondiabetic patients with idiopathic epiretinal membranes (control) were studied. The interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and adiponectin levels in the vitreous were detected in all samples with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples were stored at -80 °C until analyzed. Results The TNF-α levels in the vitreous were not statistically significant between all groups (p>0.005). The mean IFN-γ levels were statistically significantly higher in patients with PDR (70.98 pg/ml) and patients with NPDR (46.61 pg/ml) than in nondiabetic patients (22.02 pg/ml). There was a difference in the IFN-γ levels in the vitreous between patients with PDR and patients with NPDR (p<0.005). The MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentrations in the vitreous were not different between all groups (p>0.05). There was a correlation between the IFN-γ and TNF-α levels. We investigated the statistically significantly decreased levels of adiponectin in the proliferative (p<0.05) and nonproliferative (p<0.05) diabetic eyes compared to the nondiabetic eyes. Conclusions Increased levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the vitreous were found in patients with diabetes compared to nondiabetic patients. Decreased levels of adiponectin in the vitreous were found in patients with diabetes compared to nondiabetic patients. The data support the hypothesis that inflammation is associated with diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Irem Ucgun
- Ankara City Hospital, Associate Professor Doctor of Ophtalmology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Zuhal Yildirim
- Ankara Public Health Laboratory, Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
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Graziosi A, Perrotta M, Russo D, Gasparroni G, D’Egidio C, Marinelli B, Di Marzio G, Falconio G, Mastropasqua L, Li Volti G, Mangifesta R, Gazzolo D. Oxidative Stress Markers and the Retinopathy of Prematurity. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092711. [PMID: 32825796 PMCID: PMC7563779 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of potentially preventable blindness in low birth weight preterm infants. Several perinatal and postnatal factors contribute to the incomplete maturation of retinal vascularization, leading to oxidative stress damage. Literature data suggest that the lack of equilibrium between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants plays a key role. In the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in identifying the antecedents of ROP and the relevant pathogenic mechanisms involved. In this context, a panel of biomarkers was investigated in order to achieve early detection of oxidative stress occurrence and to prevent retinal damage. Several nutritional elements have been found to play a relevant role in ROP prevention. At this stage, no conclusive data have been shown to support the usefulness of one biomarker over another. Recently, the Food and Drugs Administration, the European Medicine Agency, and the National Institute of Health proposed a series of criteria in order to promote the inclusion of new biomarkers in perinatal clinical guidelines and daily practice. The aim of the present review is to offer an update on a panel of biomarkers, currently investigated as potential predictors of ROP, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Graziosi
- Neonatal Intensive Unit Care, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.G.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marika Perrotta
- Neonatal Intensive Unit Care, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.G.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniele Russo
- Neonatal Intensive Unit Care, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.G.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gasparroni
- Neonatal Intensive Unit Care, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.G.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudia D’Egidio
- Neonatal Intensive Unit Care, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.G.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
| | | | - Guido Di Marzio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University “G. D’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.D.M.); (G.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Gennaro Falconio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University “G. D’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.D.M.); (G.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Leonardo Mastropasqua
- Department of Ophthalmology, University “G. D’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.D.M.); (G.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | | | - Diego Gazzolo
- Neonatal Intensive Unit Care, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.G.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0871-358221
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Wang T, Tsirukis DI, Sun Y. Targeting Neuroinflammation in Neovascular Retinal Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:234. [PMID: 32210818 PMCID: PMC7076162 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal blood vessels provide the necessary energy, nutrients and oxygen in order to support visual function and remove harmful particles from blood, thus acting to protect neuronal cells. The homeostasis of the retinal vessels is important for the maintenance of retinal visual function. Neovascularization is the most common cause of blindness in patients with retinopathy. Previous studies have shown that inflammatory mediators are known key regulators in retinopathy, but their causal link has been elusive. Although inflammation is often thought to arise from inflammatory cells like macrophages, neutrophils, and resident microglia, retinal neurons have also been reported to contribute to inflammation, through inflammatory signals, which mediate blood vessel growth. Therefore, it is important to explore the detailed mechanisms of neuroinflammation’s effects on retinal neovascularization. This review looks to summarize current research on the relationship between retinal angiogenesis and neuroinflammation in retinopathy, as well as the potential effects of neuroinflammation on retinal neovascularization in different animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Demetrios I Tsirukis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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24
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Yaghoobi G, Shokoohi-Rad S, Jafarzadeh H, Abdollahi E. Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Patients with and without Pterygia. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2020; 15:38-44. [PMID: 32095207 PMCID: PMC7001032 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v15i1.5940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pterygium is a common fibro-vascular-related eye disease. The fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) helps reduce neovascularization. Previous studies have shown that the serum level of FGF21 correlates with vascular eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. In this study, the serum FGF21 is compared in patients with and without pterygium. Methods This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study examines individuals with pterygium who visited the Ophthalmology Clinic of Khatam-al-Anbia Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, during 2017–2018. Control subjects were selected from healthy people without pterygium disease. Patients with a history of acute illness, chronic liver and kidney disease, diabetes, cancer, malnutrition and drug use, women who were pregnant or breastfeeding, and subjects who were taking anticonvulsants or glucocorticoids were excluded as these may affect insulin and glycosuria levels. Sixty people (30 in each group) were chosen using the convenient sampling method. Intravenous blood samples were taken from all patients. After preparing the patients, the freeze was checked using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method after samples had been taken. Data were analyzed by SPSS using an independent t-test, Mann–Whitney, Chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests (α = 0.05). Results The serum FGF21 levels were 319.09 ± 246.93 pg/ml and 608.88 ± 449.81 pg/ml (P = 0.005) in the pterygium group and control subjects, respectively. The average serum FGF21 was 281.55 ± 40.74 pg/ml in males and 361.375 ± 10.298 pg/ml in females in the pterygium group. The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.19) Conclusion Our study showed that FGF21 levels were lower in patients with pterygium than the control subjects to a statistically significant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamhosein Yaghoobi
- Ophthalmology Department, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Valiasr Hospital, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Shokoohi-Rad
- Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Jafarzadeh
- Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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25
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Fu Z, Sun Y, Cakir B, Tomita Y, Huang S, Wang Z, Liu CH, S. Cho S, Britton W, S. Kern T, Antonetti DA, Hellström A, E.H. Smith L. Targeting Neurovascular Interaction in Retinal Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1503. [PMID: 32098361 PMCID: PMC7073081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tightly structured neural retina has a unique vascular network comprised of three interconnected plexuses in the inner retina (and choroid for outer retina), which provide oxygen and nutrients to neurons to maintain normal function. Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that neuronal metabolic needs control both normal retinal vascular development and pathological aberrant vascular growth. Particularly, photoreceptors, with the highest density of mitochondria in the body, regulate retinal vascular development by modulating angiogenic and inflammatory factors. Photoreceptor metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation may cause adaptive but ultimately pathological retinal vascular responses, leading to blindness. Here we focus on the factors involved in neurovascular interactions, which are potential therapeutic targets to decrease energy demand and/or to increase energy production for neovascular retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.F.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.T.); (S.H.); (Z.W.); (C.-H.L.); (S.S.C.); (W.B.)
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.F.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.T.); (S.H.); (Z.W.); (C.-H.L.); (S.S.C.); (W.B.)
| | - Bertan Cakir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.F.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.T.); (S.H.); (Z.W.); (C.-H.L.); (S.S.C.); (W.B.)
| | - Yohei Tomita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.F.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.T.); (S.H.); (Z.W.); (C.-H.L.); (S.S.C.); (W.B.)
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.F.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.T.); (S.H.); (Z.W.); (C.-H.L.); (S.S.C.); (W.B.)
| | - Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.F.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.T.); (S.H.); (Z.W.); (C.-H.L.); (S.S.C.); (W.B.)
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.F.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.T.); (S.H.); (Z.W.); (C.-H.L.); (S.S.C.); (W.B.)
| | - Steve S. Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.F.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.T.); (S.H.); (Z.W.); (C.-H.L.); (S.S.C.); (W.B.)
| | - William Britton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.F.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.T.); (S.H.); (Z.W.); (C.-H.L.); (S.S.C.); (W.B.)
| | - Timothy S. Kern
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - David A. Antonetti
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
| | - Ann Hellström
- Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - Lois E.H. Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.F.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.T.); (S.H.); (Z.W.); (C.-H.L.); (S.S.C.); (W.B.)
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26
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Niu T, Cheng L, Wang H, Zhu S, Yang X, Liu K, Jin H, Xu X. KS23, a novel peptide derived from adiponectin, inhibits retinal inflammation and downregulates the proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells during experimental autoimmune uveitis. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:278. [PMID: 31883532 PMCID: PMC6935244 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveitis is a potentially sight-threatening form of ocular inflammation that affects the uvea in the wall of the eye. Currently available treatments for uveitis have exhibited profound adverse side effects. However, KS23 is a novel 23-amino-acid anti-inflammatory peptide derived from adiponectin that may have the capability to function as a safe alternative to these existing treatment options. We, therefore, evaluated the preventive effect of KS23 in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). METHODS EAU was induced in mice via immunization with the peptide interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein 161-180 (IRBP161-180). KS23 was then administered every 2 days via intraperitoneal injection to induce protection against EAU. Clinical and histopathological scores were employed to evaluate the disease progression. Inflammatory cytokines were also quantified using ELISA, and the expression levels of specific chemokines and chemokine receptors were assessed via qRT-PCR. In addition, the proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells were detected via flow cytometry, and the expression levels of specific proteins were quantified from the retina of mice using western blot analysis, to elucidate the specific mechanism of action employed by KS23 to suppress the inflammation associated with EAU. RESULTS KS23 was found to significantly improve EAU-associated histopathological scores, while decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A), chemokines (LARC, RANTES, MIG, IP-10), and chemokine receptors (CCR6 and CXCR3). The proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells were also suppressed following intraperitoneal injection with KS23. The anti-inflammatory mechanism employed by KS23 was determined to be associated with the activation of AMPK and subsequent inhibition of NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS KS23 decreased the proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells to effectively ameliorate the progression of EAU. It may, therefore, serve as a promising potential therapeutic agent for uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaopin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyi Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
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27
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Liao WL, Chen YH, Chen CC, Huang YC, Lin HJ, Chen YT, Ban B, Wu CM, Chang YW, Hsieh AR, Tsai FJ. Effect of adiponectin level and genetic variation of its receptors on diabetic retinopathy: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14878. [PMID: 30882695 PMCID: PMC6426570 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) and its receptors have been reported to be associated with metabolic phenotypes. To better understand the effects of APN levels and its receptors on diabetic retinopathy (DR), we investigated the association of the plasma APN level and variations in APN-related genes with DR, individually and in combination.Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D; N = 1604), above 20 years of age from the Taiwanese population participated in the study. Demographic information, blood pressure, and serological markers were recorded at enrollment. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyped. The plasma APN levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.T2D patients with DR (N = 632) had diabetes for a longer duration, and had higher HbA1c, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to those without DR (N = 972) (P < .001, for all the parameters). Overall, 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADIPOQ and CDH13 susceptibility loci were associated with DR. Gene risk score (GRS) was calculated based on 10 SNPs for each subject and the cumulative effect of genes was observed. Among the subjects with plasma APN level (N = 518), natural logarithm (LN) of APN (LN [APN]; odds ratio [OR] = 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-2.25) and GRS (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.11-3.26 for middle range of GRS, and OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.48-4.59 for high range of GRS) were independent risk factors for DR after adjustment for other parameters.In conclusion, the plasma APN level and the genetic variations in adiponectin receptors were associated with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Liao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University
- Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University
| | - Ching-Chu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University
- Human Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital
| | - Yng-Tay Chen
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bo Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University
- Chinese Research Center for Behavior Medicine in Growth and Development, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Chia-Ming Wu
- Human Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Ya-Wen Chang
- Human Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Ai-Ru Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, China Medical University
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University
- Human Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University
- Division of Pediatrics Genetics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Hwang IC, Bae JH, Kim JM. Relationship between body fat and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide survey in Korea. Eye (Lond) 2019; 33:980-987. [PMID: 30760896 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body fat with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Among the 1130 participants 19 years of age or older with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the nationwide survey, a total of 887 participants were included in the analyses after excluding patients with ungradable fundus images. The presence and severity of DR were graded with seven-field fundus photographs. The associations between DR and anthropometric parameters and total body fat, which was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, were analysed using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS Patients were divided into three groups according to severity of DR: no DR (n = 702, 79.1%), mild/moderate DR (n = 130, 14.7%), and vision-threatening DR (n = 55, 6.2%). In multivariate-adjusted analyses, higher BMI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-0.92; P = 0.001), larger waist circumference (aOR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.91-1.00; P = 0.047), and higher total body fat (aOR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79-0.92; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with a lower risk of vision-threatening DR. In sex-stratified analyses, however, only total body fat in women showed a significant inverse association with the presence of DR (aOR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.98; P < 0.001) and independently with the severity of DR (P for trend = 0.004). CONCLUSION In Korean patients with type 2 diabetes, obese patients might be less likely to have vision-threatening DR. Total body fat in women appears to be inversely and independently associated with DR prevalence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Cheol Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Bae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Mo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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29
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Petrofsky J, Laymon M, Lee H. The influence of ageing and diabetic peripheral neuropathy on posture sway, tremor, and the time to achieve balance equilibrium. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:1011-1017. [PMID: 30411597 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well recognized that ageing and diabetes are associated with reduced balance and impaired gait. However, one important factor may be not just balance, but how long it takes to achieve balance equilibrium after a balance challenge. This study examined the relationship between balance, tremor, and time to achieve balance after a challenge to stability in young and old individuals without and without diabetes. METHODS Twenty-four of the subjects were young controls, 22 were older controls, 23 were individuals with diabetes, and 21 were young people with diabetes. Posture sway, tremor, and time to achieve stability were assessed on a force plate during 8 progressively challenging balance tasks. RESULTS For postural sway, tremor and time to reach postural stability, there was a significant difference in all groups with the increased balance challenge of the 8 tests (P<0.01). However, ageing and diabetes made balance, tremor and time to reach stability worse. In general, the young group with diabetes, for example, had similar responses to the old group without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS In the subjects with diabetes, balance was poorer than the non-diabetes groups. The young subjects with diabetes showed similar results to the older subjects without diabetes. Diabetes subjects had more muscle tremor and a slower response time of the body to a balance challenge. This may account for increased falls in individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold Petrofsky
- School of Physical Therapy, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, NV, USA
| | - Michael Laymon
- School of Physical Therapy, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, NV, USA
| | - Haneul Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea -
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Palanisamy K, Nareshkumar RN, Sivagurunathan S, Raman R, Sulochana KN, Chidambaram S. Anti-angiogenic effect of adiponectin in human primary microvascular and macrovascular endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2018; 122:136-145. [PMID: 30144414 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neovascularization in retina and choroid involves interplay of many cytokines and growth factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) being a pro-angiogenic molecule has been found to be high in aqueous and vitreous humour of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). VEGF is also found in the fibroblast and retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) of choroidal neovascular (CNV) membranes isolated from patients. Though anti-VEGF agents cause regression of clinically visible new vessels, there is evidence that they increase the occurrence of retinal tractional detachment and other adverse effects in PDR and CNV treatments. Adiponectin (APN) is a cytokine, found to be involved in the pathobiology of PDR. It is unclear whether APN plays a reparative or pathological role in the disease condition. In this study, we explored the effect of APN on tube formation in the primary culture of human umbilical vein macrovascular endothelial cells (HUVEC), human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hREC) and human choroidal endothelial cells (hCEC). Anti-VEGF agent, bevacizumab (avastin) was used as a control. Full-length pAc-APN transfected in HUVEC, hRECs and hCECs inhibited basal tube formation and migration comparable to bevacizumab (Avastin™). In hRECs, full length pAc-APN reduced VEGF or PDR vitreous mediated migration. In a similar way, rAPN significantly disrupted VEGF and PDR vitreous induced tube formation in HUVEC and hREC. Moreover, rAPN significantly reduced VEGF influenced proliferation and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hREC. Altogether, our study suggests that APN may be effective in the treatment of retinal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikka Palanisamy
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBRIVO, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Ragavachetty Nagaraj Nareshkumar
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBRIVO, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Suganya Sivagurunathan
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBRIVO, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Rajiv Raman
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBRIVO, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | | | - Subbulakshmi Chidambaram
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBRIVO, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India.
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31
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Vidhya S, Ramya R, Coral K, Sulochana KN, Bharathidevi SR. Free amino acids hydroxyproline, lysine, and glycine promote differentiation of retinal pericytes to adipocytes: A protective role against proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2018; 173:179-187. [PMID: 29752946 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted to estimate the aminoacid levels in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and to correlate it with the adiponectin levels. Secondly to test if these amino acids can alter or induce adiponectin levels and its related factors in retinal cells like pericyte as an in vitro model. METHODS All human studies were done as per declaration of Helsinki with institutional approval and after obtaining consent from participating individuals. The vitreous amino acids were estimated in PDR (Proliferative diabetic retinopathy) and MH (Macular Hole) as disease control using HPLC. Bovine retinal pericytes (BRP) were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium and treated with 0.5 mM of any one of the individual amino acids (proline, hydroxyproline, phenylalanine, alanine, serine, glycine, lysine, isoleucine or valine) along with 100 nM insulin for 14 days in high glucose (25 mM) condition. The mRNA expression profile of adipogenic markers (such as Pref1, APN, ZAG and PPARγ), angiogenic markers (VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9, TGF-β) and antioxidant markers (Nrf2 and UCP-2) were evaluated by qPCR. Adipogenesis was further confirmed by adipogenesis assay, secretion of adiponectin in medium and triglyceride accumulation by Oil red O staining in Bovine retinal pericytes. RESULTS Amino acids valine (p < 0.004), isoleucine (p < 0.0007), leucine (p < 0.022), serine (p < 0.0007), glycine (p < 0.001), alanine (p < 0.017), phenylalanine (p < 0.013), and lysine (p < 0.001) were significantly elevated in the vitreous of PDR group (n = 30) when compared to macular hole (n = 20). There was a significant positive correlation between serine (p < 0.021), alanine (p < 0.00016), phenylalanine (p < 0.04), isoleucine (p < 0.023), leucine (p < 0.043), and lysine (p < 0.026) with adiponectin level in the vitreous. The amino acids hydroxyproline, proline, lysine, glycine and alanine induced the triglyceride accumulation and expression of Adiponectin. VEGF and MMP-9 expression was decreased with all the amino acids treated and PEDF was significantly increased with phenylalanine treatment. TGFβ mRNA expression showed a significant decrease with proline, alanine, glycine, lysine and isoleucine. The Nrf2 expression was significantly increased in alanine and serine when compared to control. The UCP-2 gene showed a significant increase in proline and lysine treatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results suggest that amino acids hydroxyproline, proline, lysine, glycine and alanine which are elevated in the PDR vitreous show a tendency to induce adipogenic effects in retinal pericytes by triggering the accumulation of triglycerides and adiponectin. Hence we hypothesize that these aminoacids when elevated along with insulin and glucose can induce metabolic changes in pericytes. The functional implications of these changes tend to be protective as it increases the antioxidant potential and decreases the angiogenesis markers which are potentially pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vidhya
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai 600 006, India
| | - R Ramya
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai 600 006, India
| | - K Coral
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai 600 006, India
| | - K N Sulochana
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai 600 006, India
| | - S R Bharathidevi
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai 600 006, India.
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32
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Fu Z, Wang Z, Liu CH, Gong Y, Cakir B, Liegl R, Sun Y, Meng SS, Burnim SB, Arellano I, Moran E, Duran R, Poblete A, Cho SS, Talukdar S, Akula JD, Hellström A, Smith LEH. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Protects Photoreceptor Function in Type 1 Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2018; 67:974-985. [PMID: 29487115 PMCID: PMC5909994 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinal neuronal abnormalities occur before vascular changes in diabetic retinopathy. Accumulating experimental evidence suggests that neurons control vascular pathology in diabetic and other neovascular retinal diseases. Therefore, normalizing neuronal activity in diabetes may prevent vascular pathology. We investigated whether fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) prevented retinal neuronal dysfunction in insulin-deficient diabetic mice. We found that in diabetic neural retina, photoreceptor rather than inner retinal function was most affected and administration of the long-acting FGF21 analog PF-05231023 restored the retinal neuronal functional deficits detected by electroretinography. PF-05231023 administration protected against diabetes-induced disorganization of photoreceptor segments seen in retinal cross section with immunohistochemistry and attenuated the reduction in the thickness of photoreceptor segments measured by optical coherence tomography. PF-05231023, independent of its downstream metabolic modulator adiponectin, reduced inflammatory marker interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA levels. PF-05231023 activated the AKT-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway and reduced IL-1β expression in stressed photoreceptors. PF-05231023 administration did not change retinal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of early diabetic retinopathy by protecting photoreceptor function in diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/metabolism
- Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Electroretinography
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Interleukin-1beta/drug effects
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/drug effects
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/drug effects
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/metabolism
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Retinal Neurons/drug effects
- Retinal Neurons/metabolism
- Retinal Neurons/pathology
- Tomography, Optical Coherence
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/drug effects
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bertan Cakir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Raffael Liegl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steven S Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samuel B Burnim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ivana Arellano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth Moran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rubi Duran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alexander Poblete
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steve S Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - James D Akula
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ann Hellström
- Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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33
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Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, Harpp DN, Irwin MH, Kanara I, Pinkert CA, Powers WR, Steliou K, Vavvas DG, Kodukula K. Epigenetic Treatment of Neurodegenerative Ophthalmic Disorders: An Eye Toward the Future. Biores Open Access 2017; 6:169-181. [PMID: 29291141 PMCID: PMC5747116 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2017.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye disease is one of the primary medical conditions that requires attention and therapeutic intervention in ageing populations worldwide. Further, the global burden of diabetes and obesity, along with heart disease, all lead to secondary manifestations of ophthalmic distress. Therefore, there is increased interest in developing innovative new approaches that target various mechanisms and sequelae driving conditions that result in adverse vision. The research challenge is even greater given that the terrain of eye diseases is difficult to landscape into a single therapeutic theme. This report addresses the burden of eye disease due to mitochondrial dysfunction, including antioxidant, autophagic, epigenetic, mitophagic, and other cellular processes that modulate the biomedical end result. In this light, we single out lipoic acid as a potent known natural activator of these pathways, along with alternative and potentially more effective conjugates, which together harness the necessary potency, specificity, and biodistribution parameters required for improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H. Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- ShangPharma Innovation, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Douglas V. Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ioannis P. Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David N. Harpp
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael H. Irwin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | | | - Carl A. Pinkert
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Whitney R. Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Krishna Kodukula
- ShangPharma Innovation, Inc., South San Francisco, California
- PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
- Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Virginia
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34
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Fu Z, Gong Y, Liegl R, Wang Z, Liu CH, Meng SS, Burnim SB, Saba NJ, Fredrick TW, Morss PC, Hellstrom A, Talukdar S, Smith LEH. FGF21 Administration Suppresses Retinal and Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1606-1613. [PMID: 28199833 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological neovascularization, a leading cause of blindness, is seen in retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Using a mouse model of hypoxia-driven retinal neovascularization, we find that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) administration suppresses, and FGF21 deficiency worsens, retinal neovessel growth. The protective effect of FGF21 against neovessel growth was abolished in adiponectin (APN)-deficient mice. FGF21 administration also decreased neovascular lesions in two models of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: very-low-density lipoprotein-receptor-deficient mice with retinal angiomatous proliferation and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. FGF21 inhibited tumor necrosis α (TNF-α) expression but did not alter Vegfa expression in neovascular eyes. These data suggest that FGF21 may be a therapeutic target for pathologic vessel growth in patients with neovascular eye diseases, including retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raffael Liegl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven S Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuel B Burnim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas J Saba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas W Fredrick
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peyton C Morss
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ann Hellstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Saswata Talukdar
- Cardiometabolic Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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35
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Fu Z, Liegl R, Wang Z, Gong Y, Liu CH, Sun Y, Cakir B, Burnim SB, Meng SS, Löfqvist C, SanGiovanni JP, Hellström A, Smith LEH. Adiponectin Mediates Dietary Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Protection Against Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:3862-3870. [PMID: 28763559 PMCID: PMC5539800 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of legal blindness in the elderly. Diets with omega3-long-chain-polyunsaturated-fatty-acid (ω3-LCPUFA) correlate with a decreased risk of AMD. Dietary ω3-LCPUFA versus ω6-LCPUFA inhibits mouse ocular neovascularization, but the underlying mechanism needs further exploration. The aim of this study was to investigate if adiponectin (APN) mediated ω3-LCPUFA suppression of neovessels in AMD. Methods The mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model was used to mimic some of the inflammatory aspect of AMD. CNV was compared between wild-type (WT) and Apn−/− mice fed either otherwise matched diets with 2% ω3 or 2% ω6-LCPUFAs. Vldlr−/− mice were used to mimic some of the metabolic aspects of AMD. Choroid assay ex vivo and human retinal microvascular endothelial cell (HRMEC) proliferation assay in vitro was used to investigate the APN pathway in angiogenesis. Western blot for p-AMPKα/AMPKα and qPCR for Apn, Mmps, and IL-10 were used to define mechanism. Results ω3-LCPUFA intake suppressed laser-induced CNV in WT mice; suppression was abolished with APN deficiency. ω3-LCPUFA, mediated by APN, decreased mouse Mmps expression. APN deficiency decreased AMPKα phosphorylation in vivo and exacerbated choroid-sprouting ex vivo. APN pathway activation inhibited HRMEC proliferation and decreased Mmps. In Vldlr−/− mice, ω3-LCPUFA increased retinal AdipoR1 and inhibited NV. ω3-LCPUFA decreased IL-10 but did not affect Mmps in Vldlr−/− retinas. Conclusions APN in part mediated ω3-LCPUFA inhibition of neovascularization in two mouse models of AMD. Modulating the APN pathway in conjunction with a ω3-LCPUFA-enriched-diet may augment the beneficial effects of ω3-LCPUFA in AMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Raffael Liegl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bertan Cakir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Samuel B Burnim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Steven S Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Chatarina Löfqvist
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Paul SanGiovanni
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Ann Hellström
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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36
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Gong Y, Fu Z, Liegl R, Chen J, Hellström A, Smith LEH. ω-3 and ω-6 long-chain PUFAs and their enzymatic metabolites in neovascular eye diseases. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:16-26. [PMID: 28515072 PMCID: PMC5486202 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.153825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascular eye diseases, including retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration, threaten the visual health of children and adults. Current treatment options, including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and laser retinal photocoagulation, have limitations and are associated with adverse effects; therefore, the identification of additional therapies is highly desirable. Both clinical and experimental studies show that dietary ω-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) reduce retinal and choroidal angiogenesis. The ω-3 LC-PUFA metabolites from 2 groups of enzymes, cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases, inhibit [and the ω-6 (n-6) LC-PUFA metabolites promote] inflammation and angiogenesis. However, both of the ω-3 and the ω-6 lipid products of cytochrome P450 oxidase 2C promote neovascularization in both the retina and choroid, which suggests that inhibition of this pathway might be beneficial. This review summarizes our current understanding of the roles of ω-3 and ω-6 LC-PUFAs and their enzymatic metabolites in neovascular eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Raffael Liegl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Ann Hellström
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lois EH Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
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37
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Gong Y, Shao Z, Fu Z, Edin ML, Sun Y, Liegl RG, Wang Z, Liu CH, Burnim SB, Meng SS, Lih FB, SanGiovanni JP, Zeldin DC, Hellström A, Smith LEH. Fenofibrate Inhibits Cytochrome P450 Epoxygenase 2C Activity to Suppress Pathological Ocular Angiogenesis. EBioMedicine 2016; 13:201-211. [PMID: 27720395 PMCID: PMC5264653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascular eye diseases including retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy and age-related-macular-degeneration are major causes of blindness. Fenofibrate treatment in type 2 diabetes patients reduces progression of diabetic retinopathy independent of its peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α agonist lipid lowering effect. The mechanism is unknown. Fenofibrate binds to and inhibits cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP)2C with higher affinity than to PPARα. CYP2C metabolizes ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). While ω-3 LCPUFA products from other metabolizing pathways decrease retinal and choroidal neovascularization, CYP2C products of both ω-3 and ω-6 LCPUFAs promote angiogenesis. We hypothesized that fenofibrate inhibits retinopathy by reducing CYP2C ω-3 LCPUFA (and ω-6 LCPUFA) pro-angiogenic metabolites. Fenofibrate reduced retinal and choroidal neovascularization in PPARα-/-mice and augmented ω-3 LCPUFA protection via CYP2C inhibition. Fenofibrate suppressed retinal and choroidal neovascularization in mice overexpressing human CYP2C8 in endothelial cells and reduced plasma levels of the pro-angiogenic ω-3 LCPUFA CYP2C8 product, 19,20-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid. 19,20-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid reversed fenofibrate-induced suppression of angiogenesis ex vivo and suppression of endothelial cell functions in vitro. In summary fenofibrate suppressed retinal and choroidal neovascularization via CYP2C inhibition as well as by acting as an agonist of PPARα. Fenofibrate augmented the overall protective effects of ω-3 LCPUFAs on neovascular eye diseases. Fenofibrate inhibits retinal and choroidal neovascularization by inhibiting CYP2C activity as well as by activating PPARα. Fenofibrate augments the protective effects of ω-3 LCPUFAs on pathological ocular angiogenesis. Inhibition of CYP2C is a potential therapeutic approach for treatment of proliferative retinopathy and neovascular AMD.
Findings from clinical trials indicate that fenofibrate reduces the progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but the mechanism of this effect is currently unknown. Dietary intake of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) is generally associated with a suppression of proliferative retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration acting through LCPUFA cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites. However, cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP)2C ω-3 and ω-6 LCPUFA metabolites promote retinopathy. Fenofibrate is a potent inhibitor of CYP2C. Our findings suggested that fenofibrate suppressed retinal and choroidal neovascularization via CYP2C inhibition. Combination therapy of dietary ω-3 LCPUFA supplementation with fenofibrate may be a promising approach to prevent incidence or progression of neovascular eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Zhuo Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Raffael G Liegl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Samuel B Burnim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Steven S Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Fred B Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - John Paul SanGiovanni
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Ann Hellström
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States.
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38
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A mutation in ADIPOR1 causes nonsyndromic autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1375-1387. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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39
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Guo C, Li C, Yu Y, Chen W, Ma T, Zhou Z. Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of protodioscin in a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18448k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protodioscin attenuated hyperglycaemia and dyslipidemia in diabetic rats by improving the insulin sensitivity and increasing adiponectin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
- School of Chinese Medicines
| | - Can Li
- School of Chinese Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Chinese Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Chinese Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- P. R. China
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Chinese Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- P. R. China
| | - Zhangjin Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- P. R. China
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