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Qin S, Bie F, Chen S, Xu Y, Chen L, Shu B, Yang F, Lu Y, Li J, Zhao J. Targeting S100A12 to Improve Angiogenesis and Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02073-8. [PMID: 38954262 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Long-term inflammation and impaired angiogenesis are thought to be the causes of delayed healing or nonhealing of diabetic wounds. S100A12 is an essential pro-inflammatory factor involved in inflammatory reactions and serves as a biomarker for various inflammatory diseases. However, whether high level of S100A12 exists in and affects the healing of diabetic wounds, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, remain unclear. In this study, we found that the serum concentration of S100A12 is significantly elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes. Exposure of stratified epidermal cells to high glucose environment led to increased expression and secretion of S100A12, resulting in impaired endothelial function by binding to the advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) or Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on endothelial cell. The transcription factor Krüpple-like Factor 5 (KLF5) is highly expressed in the epidermis under high glucose conditions, activating the transcriptional activity of the S100A12 and boost its expression. By establishing diabetic wounds model in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbit, we found that local inhibition of S100A12 significantly accelerated diabetic wound healing by promoting angiogenesis. Our results illustrated the novel endothelial-specific injury function of S100A12 in diabetic wounds and suggest that S100A12 is a potential target for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitian Qin
- Department of Burns, Wound Repair and Reconstruction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, PR China
| | - Fan Bie
- Department of Burns, Wound Repair and Reconstruction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, PR China
| | - Shuying Chen
- Department of Burns, Wound Repair and Reconstruction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, PR China
| | - Yingbin Xu
- Department of Burns, Wound Repair and Reconstruction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Burns, Wound Repair and Reconstruction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, PR China
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of Burns, Wound Repair and Reconstruction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Burns, Wound Repair and Reconstruction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, PR China
| | - Yangzhou Lu
- Department of Burns, Wound Repair and Reconstruction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, PR China
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, PR China
| | - Jingling Zhao
- Department of Burns, Wound Repair and Reconstruction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, PR China.
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Gui LK, Liu HJ, Jin LJ, Peng XC. Krüpple-like factors in cardiomyopathy: emerging player and therapeutic opportunities. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1342173. [PMID: 38516000 PMCID: PMC10955087 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1342173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy, a heterogeneous pathological condition characterized by changes in cardiac structure or function, represents a significant risk factor for the prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Research conducted over the years has led to the modification of definition and classification of cardiomyopathy. Herein, we reviewed seven of the most common types of cardiomyopathies, including Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC), diabetic cardiomyopathy, Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM), desmin-associated cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM), Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (ICM), and obesity cardiomyopathy, focusing on their definitions, epidemiology, and influencing factors. Cardiomyopathies manifest in various ways ranging from microscopic alterations in cardiomyocytes, to tissue hypoperfusion, cardiac failure, and arrhythmias caused by electrical conduction abnormalities. As pleiotropic Transcription Factors (TFs), the Krüppel-Like Factors (KLFs), a family of zinc finger proteins, are involved in regulating the setting and development of cardiomyopathies, and play critical roles in associated biological processes, including Oxidative Stress (OS), inflammatory reactions, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, and cellular autophagy and apoptosis, particularly in diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, research into KLFs in cardiomyopathy is still in its early stages, and the pathophysiologic mechanisms of some KLF members in various types of cardiomyopathies remain unclear. This article reviews the roles and recent research advances in KLFs, specifically those targeting and regulating several cardiomyopathy-associated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Kun Gui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Huang-Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Jun Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Bai W, Guo T, Wang H, Li B, Sun Q, Wu W, Zhang J, Zhou J, Luo J, Zhu M, Lu J, Li P, Dong B, Han S, Pang X, Zhang G, Bai Y, Wang S. S-nitrosylation of AMPKγ impairs coronary collateral circulation and disrupts VSMC reprogramming. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:128-143. [PMID: 38177907 PMCID: PMC10897329 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Collateral circulation is essential for blood resupply to the ischemic heart, which is dictated by the contractile phenotypic restoration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Here we investigate whether S-nitrosylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator of the VSMC phenotype, impairs collateral circulation. In rats with collateral growth and development, nitroglycerin decreases coronary collateral blood flow (CCBF), inhibits vascular contractile phenotypic restoration, and increases myocardial infarct size, accompanied by reduced AMPK activity in the collateral zone. Nitric oxide (NO) S-nitrosylates human recombinant AMPKγ1 at cysteine 131 and decreases AMP sensitivity of AMPK. In VSMCs, exogenous expression of S-nitrosylation-resistant AMPKγ1 or deficient NO synthase (iNOS) prevents the disruption of VSMC reprogramming. Finally, hyperhomocysteinemia or hyperglycemia increases AMPKγ1 S-nitrosylation, prevents vascular contractile phenotypic restoration, reduces CCBF, and increases the infarct size of the heart in Apoe-/- mice, all of which is rescued in Apoe-/-/iNOSsm-/- mice or Apoe-/- mice with enforced expression of the AMPKγ1-C130A mutant following RI/MI. We conclude that nitrosative stress disrupts coronary collateral circulation during hyperhomocysteinemia or hyperglycemia through AMPK S-nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Bai
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Han Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Coronary Circulation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanzhou Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Coronary Circulation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxiong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Coronary Circulation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jipeng Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Coronary Circulation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingmin Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Coronary Circulation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Moli Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Junxiu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shufang Han
- Department of Cardiology, The 960th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyan Pang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Coronary Circulation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongping Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Coronary Circulation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Shuangxi Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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Li X, Chen D, Ouyang B, Wang S, Li Y, Li L, Zhu S, Zheng G. KLF5/MDM2 Axis Modulates Oxidative Stress and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Lens Epithelial Cells: The Role in Diabetic Cataract. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100226. [PMID: 37532224 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cataract (DC) is a common cause of visual loss in older diabetic subjects. Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) plays an essential role in migration and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in diverse cells and is involved in oxidative stress. However, the effects of KLF5 on DC remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the biological function of KLF5 in DC and its underlying mechanism. The expression patterns of KLF5 were detected in vivo and in vitro. Then, KLF5 was knocked down in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) to explore its functional roles and underlying mechanisms. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis were used to detect whether KLF5 could bind the promoter of E3 ubiquitin ligase mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), a key regulator of EMT. Lastly, the regulation of KLF5 in the biological behaviors of HLECs via MDM2 was analyzed. We found a significant increase of KLF5 in the DC lens anterior capsular, diabetic rat lens, and high glucose (HG)-stimulated HLECs. Knockdown of KLF5 inhibited oxidative stress, inflammation, migration, and EMT of HG-stimulated HLECs. KLF5 silencing impeded MDM2 expression and restricted the activation of MARK1/FAK and NF-κB signaling pathways in HLECs under HG condition. Additionally, KLF5 was found to bind the MDM2 promoter and enhance the transcriptional activity of MDM2. The protective effects by silencing KLF5 on HG-cultured HLECs could be offset by MDM2 overexpression. We demonstrated that knockdown of KLF5 alleviated oxidative stress, migration, and EMT of HG-cultured HLECs by regulating MDM2, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Doudou Chen
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bowen Ouyang
- Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Siquan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Guangying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Shah SA, Reagan CE, Bresticker JE, Wolpe AG, Good ME, Macal EH, Billcheck HO, Bradley LA, French BA, Isakson BE, Wolf MJ, Epstein FH. Obesity-Induced Coronary Microvascular Disease Is Prevented by iNOS Deletion and Reversed by iNOS Inhibition. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:501-514. [PMID: 37325396 PMCID: PMC10264569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular disease (CMD) caused by obesity and diabetes is major contributor to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; however, the mechanisms underlying CMD are not well understood. Using cardiac magnetic resonance applied to mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet as a model of CMD, we elucidated the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 1400W, an iNOS antagonist, in CMD. Global iNOS deletion prevented CMD along with the associated oxidative stress and diastolic and subclinical systolic dysfunction. The 1400W treatment reversed established CMD and oxidative stress and preserved systolic/diastolic function in mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. Thus, iNOS may represent a therapeutic target for CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham A. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Claire E. Reagan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Julia E. Bresticker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Abigail G. Wolpe
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Miranda E. Good
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Edgar H. Macal
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Helen O. Billcheck
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Leigh A. Bradley
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brent A. French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brant E. Isakson
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew J. Wolf
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Frederick H. Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Yin YL, Chen Y, Ren F, Wang L, Zhu ML, Lu JX, Wang QQ, Lu CB, Liu C, Bai YY, Wang SX, Wang JZ, Li P. Nitrosative stress induced by homocysteine thiolactone drives vascular cognitive impairments via GTP cyclohydrolase 1 S-nitrosylation in vivo. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressive cells mitigate over-adipogenesis of bone marrow microenvironment in aplastic anemia by inhibiting CD8 + T cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:620. [PMID: 35851002 PMCID: PMC9293984 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a blood disorder resulted from over-activated T-cell related hematopoietic failure, with the characterization of hypocellularity and enhanced adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stroma cells (MSCs) in bone marrow (BM). However, little is known about the relationship between immune imbalance and polarized adipogenic abnormity of BM microenvironment in this disease entity. In the present study, we differentiated BM-MSCs into osteoblastic or adipogenic lineages to mimic the osteo-adipogenic differentiation. Activated CD8+ T cells and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were found to stimulate adipogenesis of BM-MSCs either in vitro or in vivo of AA mouse model. Interestingly, myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs), one of the immune-regulating populations, were decreased within BM of AA mice. We found that it was not CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6C- granulocytic-MDSCs (gMDSCs) but CD11b+Ly6G-Ly6C+ monocytic-MDSCs (mMDSCs) inhibiting both T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production via inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) pathway. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of AA- and mMDSCs-treated murine BM cells revealed that mMDSCs transfusion could reconstitute BM hematopoietic progenitors by inhibiting T cells population and signature cytokines and decreasing immature Adipo-Cxcl12-abundant reticular cells within BM. Multi-injection of mMDSCs into AA mice reduced intra-BM T cells infiltration and suppressed BM adipogenesis, which subsequently restored the intra-BM immune balance and eventually prevented pancytopenia and hypo-hematopoiesis. In conclusion, adoptive transfusion of mMDSCs might be a novel immune-regulating strategy to treat AA, accounting for not only restoring the intra-BM immune balance but also improving stroma's multi-differentiating microenvironment.
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yang Z, Zhang XH, Miao Q, Li M, Zhai TY, Zheng B, Wen JK. miR-155 down-regulation protects the heart from hypoxic damage by activating fructose metabolism in cardiac fibroblasts. J Adv Res 2022; 39:103-117. [PMID: 35777901 PMCID: PMC9263644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α has been shown to be activated and induces a glycolytic shift under hypoxic condition, however, little attention was paid to the role of HIF1α-actuated fructolysis in hypoxia-induced heart injury. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aim to explore the molecular mechanisms of miR-155-mediated fructose metabolism in hypoxic cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). METHODS Immunostaining, western blot and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed to detect the expression of glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5), ketohexokinase (KHK)-A and KHK-C in miR-155-/- and miR-155wt CFs under normoxia or hypoxia. A microarray analysis of circRNAs was performed to identify circHIF1α. Then CoIP, RIP and mass spectrometry analysis were performed and identified SKIV2L2 (MTR4) and transformer 2 alpha (TRA2A), a member of the transformer 2 homolog family. pAd-SKIV2L2 was administrated after coronary artery ligation to investigate whether SKIV2L2 can provide a protective effect on the infarcted heart. RESULTS When both miR-155-/- and miR-155wt CFs were exposed to hypoxia for 24 h, these two cells exhibited an increased glycolysis and decreased glycogen synthesis, and the expression of KHK-A and KHK-C, the central fructose-metabolizing enzyme, was upregulated. Mechanistically, miR-155 deletion in CFs enhanced SKIV2L2 expression and its interaction with TRA2A, which suppresses the alternative splicing of HIF1α pre-mRNA to form circHIF1α, and then decreased circHIF1α contributed to the activation of fructose metabolism through increasing the production of the KHK-C isoform. Finally, exogenous delivery of SKIV2L2 reduced myocardial damage in the infarcted heart. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated that miR-155 deletion facilitates the activation of fructose metabolism in hypoxic CFs through regulating alternative splicing of HIF1α pre-mRNA and thus circHIF1ɑ formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University 050000, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University 050000, China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Qing Miao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Tian-Ying Zhai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Jin-Kun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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Zhou G, Hu T, Du Q, Huang W, Yao C. Nanoparticle-Delivered microRNA-153-3p Alleviates Myocardial Infarction-Induced Myocardial Injury in a Rat Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1696-1705. [PMID: 35255686 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although microRNA-153-3p (miR-153-3p) has been demonstrated to confer protective roles in ischemia/reperfusion injury, its potential role in myocardial infarction (MI) remains undefined. Small-molecule modifiers and nanoparticles loaded with microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential therapeutic reagents for MI treatment. In this study, we prepared liposome nanoparticles, hyaluronic acid (HA)-cationic liposomes (CLPs) complex, for the delivery of miR-153-3p and delineated the mechanistic actions of miR-153-3p modified by nHA-CLPs in MI-induced injury. Our data suggested that nHA-CLPs-loaded miR-153-3p protected cardiomyocytes against MI-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial injury. miR-153-3p was bioinformatically predicted and experimentally verified to bind to Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) 3'UTR and negatively regulate its expression. Hypoxia was adopted to stimulate MI-induced injury to cardiomyocytes in vitro, in which miR-153-3p presented anti-apoptotic potential. However, restoration of KLF5 reversed this anti-apoptotic effect of miR-153-3p. Furthermore, KLF5 was demonstrated to be an activator of the NF-κB pathway. KLF5 enhanced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammation under hypoxic conditions through NF-κB pathway activation, while nHA-CLPs-loaded miR-153-3p suppressed inflammation by blocking the NF-κB pathway. Collectively, our findings suggested the cardioprotective role of miR-153-3p against MI and the successful delivery of miR-153-3p by nHA-CLPs. The identification of KLF5-mediated activation of NF-κB pathway as an apoptotic and inflammatory mechanism aids in better understanding of the biology of MI and development of novel therapeutic strategies for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang 337000, P. R. China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang 337000, P. R. China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang 337000, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang 337000, P. R. China
| | - Chang Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang 337000, P. R. China
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Mendes Furtado M, Lima Rocha JÉ, da Silva Mendes AV, Mello Neto RS, Brito AKDS, Sena de Almeida JOC, Rodrigues Queiroz EI, de Sousa França JV, Cunha Sales ALDC, Gomes Vasconcelos A, Felix Cabral W, de Oliveira Lopes L, Souza do Carmo I, Souza Kückelhaus SA, de Souza de Almeida Leite JR, Nunes AMV, Rizzo MDS, Citó AMDGL, Fortes Lustosa AKM, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Martins MDCDCE, Arcanjo DDR. Effects of ω-3 PUFA-Rich Oil Supplementation on Cardiovascular Morphology and Aortic Vascular Reactivity of Adult Male Rats Submitted to an Hypercholesterolemic Diet. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020202. [PMID: 35205069 PMCID: PMC8869584 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Currently, processed and ultraprocessed foods represent a significant component of the diet of modern societies, increasing the risk of developing obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis. Therefore, replacing saturated fats with mono- and polyunsaturated fats, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), has been considered as a dietary strategy to reduce clinical events related to atherosclerosis. In the present study, the effects of 56-day ω-3 PUFA-rich oil supplementation on liver function, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic rats were investigated, as well as its impact on cardiovascular health. Interestingly, we observed a positive effect in reducing hepatic markers, preserving cardiovascular morphology, and increasing vasodilator responsiveness. These findings contribute to the generation of consistent recommendations for the therapeutic use of ω-3 PUFAs in the treatment of atherosclerosis, leading to a consequent reduction in related morbidity and mortality. Abstract Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease associated with abnormalities of vascular functions. The consumption of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids can be considered a strategy to reduce clinical events related to atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of supplementation with 310 mg of ω-3 PUFAs (2:1 eicosapentaenoic/docosahexaenoic acids) for 56 days on rats with hypercholesterolemia induced by a diet containing cholesterol (0.1%), cholic acid (0.5%), and egg yolk. Serum biochemical parameters were determined by the enzymatic colorimetric method. Assessment of vascular effects was performed by analysis of histological sections of the heart and aortic arch stained with hematoxylin and eosin and vascular reactivity of the aorta artery. We observed that treatment with ω-3 PUFAs did not promote alterations in lipid profile. On the other hand, we documented a favorable reduction in liver biomarkers, as well as contributions to the preservation of heart and aortic arch morphologies. Interestingly, the vascular reactivity of rat thoracic aortic preparations was improved after treatment with ω-3 PUFAs, with a decrease in hyperreactivity to phenylephrine and increased vasorelaxation promoted by acetylcholine. Our findings suggest that the supplementation of hypercholesterolemic rats with ω-3 PUFAs promoted improvement in liver and vascular endothelial function as well as preserving heart and aortic tissue, reinforcing the early health benefits of ω-3 PUFAs in the development of atherosclerotic plaque and further related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariely Mendes Furtado
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
| | - Joana Érica Lima Rocha
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Sampaio Mello Neto
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Lina de Carvalho Cunha Sales
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
- University Hospital, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
| | - Andreanne Gomes Vasconcelos
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Felix Cabral
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Luana de Oliveira Lopes
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Selma Aparecida Souza Kückelhaus
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Maria Viana Nunes
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
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11
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Feng DD, Zheng B, Yu J, Zhang ML, Ma Y, Hao X, Wen JK, Zhang XH. 17β-Estradiol Inhibits Proliferation and Oxidative Stress in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Upregulating BHLHE40 Expression. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:768662. [PMID: 34917665 PMCID: PMC8669345 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.768662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Intimal hyperplasia is a major complication of restenosis after angioplasty. The abnormal proliferation and oxidative stress of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the basic pathological feature of neointimal hyperplasia. 17β-Estradiol can inhibit VSMCs proliferation and inflammation. However, it is still unclear whether and how 17β-Estradiol affects intimal hyperplasia. Methods: The neointima hyperplasia was observed by hematoxylin/eosin staining. The expression of PCNA, cyclin D1, NOX1, NOX4 and p47phox in neointima hyperplasia tissues and VSMCs was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. MTS assay, cell counting and EdU staining were performed to detect cells proliferation. The oxidative stress was assessed by ROS staining. Results: 17β-Estradiol suppressed carotid artery ligation-induced intimal hyperplasia, which is accompanied by an increase of BHLHE40 level. Furthermore, loss- and gain-of-function experiments revealed that BHLHE40 knockdown promotes, whereas BHLHE40 overexpression inhibits TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation and oxidative stress. 17β-Estradiol inhibited TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation and oxidative stress by promoting BHLHE40 expression, thereby suppressing MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, enforcing the expression of BHLHE40 leads to amelioration of intimal hyperplasia. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that 17β-Estradiol inhibits proliferation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro by promotion of BHLHE40 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Feng
- Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Man-Li Zhang
- Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao Hao
- Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jin-Kun Wen
- Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhang
- Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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12
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17 β-Estradiol Attenuates LPS-Induced Macrophage Inflammation In Vitro and Sepsis-Induced Vascular Inflammation In Vivo by Upregulating miR-29a-5p Expression. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9921897. [PMID: 34220338 PMCID: PMC8211527 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9921897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive release of cytokines such as IL-1β and other inflammatory mediators synthesized and secreted by macrophages is the fundamental link of uncontrolled inflammatory response in sepsis. 17β-Estradiol (E2) plays anti-inflammatory and vascular protective effects by regulating leukocyte infiltration and the expression of chemokines or cytokines induced by injury. However, the role of E2 in the inflammatory response of macrophages in sepsis and its mechanism are still not fully understood. In the present study, we show that E2 alleviates vascular inflammation in sepsis mice induced by cecal ligation puncture (CLP). E2 significantly decreases RAW 264.7 cell inflammation response by downregulating the expression of NLRP3. Furthermore, we found that miR-29a-5p was significantly downregulated in LPS-treated macrophages. Treating RAW 264.7 cells with E2 markedly upregulated the miR-29a-5p expression level. More importantly, we demonstrated that miR-29a-5p repressed NLRP3 expression by directly targeting its 3′-UTR. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments revealed that transfection of the miR-29a-5p mimic abrogates LPS-induced macrophage inflammation. Moreover, depletion of miR-29a-5p by its inhibitor largely promotes LPS-induced macrophage inflammation. In summary, miR-29a-5p upregulation induced by E2 alleviated RAW 264.7 cell inflammation response by aggravating miR-29a-5p repression of NLRP3 expression. E2 exerts significant anti-inflammatory efficacy in macrophages by regulating the miR-29a-5p/NLRP3 axis. Targeting miR-29a-5p may be a novel therapeutic strategy to suppress sepsis-induced vascular inflammation.
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13
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Li J, Liu L, Zhou W, Cai L, Xu Z, Rane MJ. Roles of Krüppel-like factor 5 in kidney disease. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2342-2355. [PMID: 33523554 PMCID: PMC7933973 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a member of the Krüppel-like factors' (KLFs) family. KLF5 regulates a number of cellular functions, such as apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, KLF5 can play a role in many diseases, including, cancer, cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal disorders. An important role for KLF5 in the kidney was recently reported, such that KLF5 regulated podocyte apoptosis, renal cell proliferation, tubulointerstitial inflammation and renal fibrosis. In this review, we have summarized the available information in the literature with a brief description on how transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications of KLF5 modulate its function in a variety of organs including the kidney with a focus of its importance on the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases. Furthermore, we also have outlined the current and possible mechanisms of KLF5 activation in kidney diseases. These studies suggest a need for more systemic investigations, particularly for generation of animal models with renal cell-specific deletion or overexpression of KLF5 gene to examine direct contributions of KLF5 to various kidney diseases. This will promote further experimentation in the development of therapies to prevent or treat various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of NephrologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of RadiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Wen‐Qian Zhou
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- The Center of Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Zhong‐Gao Xu
- Department of NephrologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Madhavi J. Rane
- Department of MedicineDivision of NephrologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
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14
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Wang S, Zheng B, Zhao H, Li Y, Zhang X, Wen J. Downregulation of lncRNA MIR181A2HG by high glucose impairs vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration through the dysregulation of the miRNAs/AKT2 axis. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:35. [PMID: 33537821 PMCID: PMC7891834 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and diabetic vascular disease induced by chronic hyperglycemia involve complex interactions among high glucose, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) and the Ser/Thr kinase AKT. However, the molecular mechanisms under-lying the regulatory crosstalk between these have not yet been completely elucidated. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms whereby high glucose (HG)-induced lncRNA MIR181A2HG modulates human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and migration by regulating AKT2 expression. The persistent exposure of HUVECs to HG resulted in MIR181A2HG down-regulation and thus reduced its ability to sponge miR-6832-5p, miR-6842-5p and miR-8056, subsequently leading to an increase in miR-6832-5p, miR-6842-5p and miR-8056 levels. Mechanistically, miR-6832-5p, miR-6842-5p and miR-8056 were found to target the 3′UTR of AKT2 mRNA in HUVECs, and the increase in their levels led to a decreased expression of AKT2. Thus, this also led to the suppression of HUVEC proliferation and migration, and the formation of capillary-like structures. Moreover, the suppression of HUVEC proliferation and migration induced by MIR181A2HG downregulation was accompanied by changes in glucose metabolism. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that the downregulation of lncRNA MIR181A2HG by HG impairs HUVEC proliferation and migration by dysregulating the miRNA/AKT2 axis. The MIR181A2HG/miRNA/AKT2 regulatory axis may thus be a potential therapeutic target for HG-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Hongye Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratorial Examination, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. Chin
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Jinkun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
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15
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Xie Z, Chen J, Wang C, Zhang J, Wu Y, Yan X. Current knowledge of Krüppel-like factor 5 and vascular remodeling: providing insights for therapeutic strategies. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:79-90. [PMID: 33493334 PMCID: PMC8104942 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a pathological basis of various disorders. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the occurrence, prevention, and treatment of vascular remodeling. Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) has been identified as a significant factor in cardiovascular diseases during the last two decades. This review provides a mechanism network of function and regulation of KLF5 in vascular remodeling based on newly published data and gives a summary of its potential therapeutic applications. KLF5 modulates numerous biological processes, which play essential parts in the development of vascular remodeling, such as cell proliferation, phenotype switch, extracellular matrix deposition, inflammation, and angiogenesis by altering downstream genes and signaling pathways. Considering its essential functions, KLF5 could be developed as a potent therapeutic target in vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Junye Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yanxiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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16
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Zhu XS, Zhou HY, Yang F, Zhang HS, Ma KZ. miR-381-3p inhibits high glucose-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by targeting HMGB1. J Gene Med 2020; 23:e3274. [PMID: 32902022 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia increases the risk of many cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and the dysregulation of proliferation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) also participates in the pathogenesis of CVD. miR-381-3p is known to suppress the proliferation and migration of multiple human cell types. Nevertheless, the function of miR-381-3p in VSMCs remains largely indistinct. METHODS A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to investigate miR-381-3p expression in high-glucose-induced VSMCs. Inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6, as well as oxidative stress markers SOD and MDA, were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reactive oxygen species generation was examined using a 2,7'-dichlorofluorescein kit. The proliferation, migration and apoptosis of VSMCs were monitored by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazl2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetazolium bromide (MTT), transwell and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays. The TargetScan database (http://www.targetscan.org) was employed to seek the potential target gene of miR-381-3p. Interaction between miR-381-3p and HMGB1 was determined by a qRT-PCR, western blotting and a luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS miR-381-3p expression was significantly reduced in a VSMCs dysfunction model induced by high-glucose in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Transfection of miR-381-3p mimics suppressed the inflammation, oxidative stress, proliferation and migration of VSMCs, whereas apoptosis of VSMCs was promoted, and the transfection of miR-381-3p inhibitors had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, HMGB1, an important factor in inflammation response, was confirmed as a target gene of miR-381-3p. CONCLUSIONS miR-381-3p targets HMGB1 to suppress the inflammation, oxidative stress, proliferation and migration of high-glucose-induced VSMCs by targeting HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Science, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province, 441021, China
| | - Han-Yun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Science, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province, 441021, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Science, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province, 441021, China
| | - Hong-Shen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Science, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province, 441021, China
| | - Ke-Zhong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Science, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province, 441021, China
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17
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Yang B, Gao X, Sun Y, Zhao J, Chen J, Gao L, Zhao L, Li Y. Dihydroartemisinin alleviates high glucose-induced vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and inflammation by depressing the miR-376b-3p/KLF15 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:574-580. [PMID: 32753318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are seen to play critical roles in the development of vascular complications induced by diabetes and hyperglycemia. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been identified as a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin that exhibits broad protective effects. However, the effect of DHA on high glucose (HG)-induced inflammation and proliferation of VSMCs remains unknown. Therefore, this study aims to show that DHA significantly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs and that expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α was induced by HG in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, we were able to determine that KLF15 played a critical role in HG-induced VSMC proliferation and inflammation, confirming its protective effects observed after DHA treatment in the HG-induced inflammatory response of VSMCs. DHA was observed to directly depress the HG-induced expression of miR-376b-3p, which targeted the 3'-UTR of KLF15 and inhibited its expression. These results suggested that DHA plays a protective role in HG-induced VSMC proliferation and associated inflammation by inhibiting the miR-376b-3p/KLF15 axis. Our findings provide new evidence of the mechanisms of DHA and its critical role in treating the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Yang
- Department of Conduit Room, Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xueliang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yunchao Sun
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jianing Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Limin Gao
- Department of Conduit Room, Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yongzhang Li
- Department of Urology, Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
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18
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He M, Wu N, Leong MC, Zhang W, Ye Z, Li R, Huang J, Zhang Z, Li L, Yao X, Zhou W, Liu N, Yang Z, Dong X, Li Y, Chen L, Li Q, Wang X, Wen J, Zhao X, Lu B, Yang Y, Wang Q, Hu R. miR-145 improves metabolic inflammatory disease through multiple pathways. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:152-162. [PMID: 30941422 PMCID: PMC7109608 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, yet the mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we demonstrated that serum LPS levels were significantly higher in newly diagnosed diabetic patients than in normal control. miR-145 level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells decreased in type 2 diabetics. LPS repressed the transcription of miR-143/145 cluster and decreased miR-145 levels. Attenuation of miR-145 activity by anti-miR-145 triggered liver inflammation and increased serum chemokines in C57BL/6 J mice. Conversely, lentivirus-mediated miR-145 overexpression inhibited macrophage infiltration, reduced body weight, and improved glucose metabolism in db/db mice. And miR-145 overexpression markedly reduced plaque size in the aorta in ApoE-/- mice. Both OPG and KLF5 were targets of miR-145. miR-145 repressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis partially by targeting OPG and KLF5. miR-145 also suppressed NF-κB activation by targeting OPG and KLF5. Our findings provide an association of the environment with the progress of metabolic disorders. Increasing miR-145 may be a new potential therapeutic strategy in preventing and treating metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Cheong Leong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rumei Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianxi Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbai Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naijia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehong Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yintao Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanchun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yehong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renming Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Vascular smooth muscle cell senescence and age-related diseases: State of the art. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1810-1821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Yan W, Wu J, Song B, Luo Q, Xu Y. Treatment with a brain-selective prodrug of 17β-estradiol improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease mice by regulating klf5-NF-κB pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:879-886. [PMID: 30879099 PMCID: PMC7260153 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01639-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
10β,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED) which is a brain-selective prodrug of 17β-estradiol has been reported to improve the cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mice model. However, little is known about the potential mechanism for cognitive improvement. In the present study, we used AD mice to investigate the effects and mechanisms of DHED treatment. Female Tg2576 transgenic AD mice were ovariectomized and then treated by implanting Alzet osmotic minipumps containing DHED or vehicle subcutaneously for 8 weeks. Consistent with previous report, DHED treatment ameliorated cognitive function of AD mice with decreasing Aβ levels in the hippocampus. Besides, we also found DHED treatment could reduce oxidative and inflammatory stress and the level of p-tau. The mechanisms underlying the cognitive function improvement may be linked with estrogen receptor (ER)-klf5-NF-κB pathway, demonstrated by decreased expression of klf5 and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. However, the effects of DHED treatment could be reversed when ERα was inhibited by ICI182780. Taken together, our findings uncovered a new mechanism for DHED to improve the cognitive function of AD mice and may provide a viable therapy to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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21
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Sartoretto SM, Santos FF, Costa BP, Ceravolo GS, Santos-Eichler R, Carvalho MHC, Fortes ZB, Akamine EH. Involvement of inducible nitric oxide synthase and estrogen receptor ESR2 (ERβ) in the vascular dysfunction in female type 1 diabetic rats. Life Sci 2018; 216:279-286. [PMID: 30447304 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation is involved in diabetes-related vascular dysfunction. Estrogen receptor ESR2/ERβ induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) and inflammation. The present study investigated the effect of alloxan-induced type 1 diabetes on the iNOS and ESR2 expression and the effect of the chronic iNOS inhibition on the vascular smooth muscle dysfunction in diabetic female rats. In addition, we evaluated the involvement of ESR2 in iNOS expression. MAIN METHODS Alloxan-induced diabetic female rats were treated or not with iNOS inhibitor (L-NIL). iNOS and ESR2 immunostaining, S-nitrosylated proteins and IL-1β protein expression in aorta and plasmatic NO levels were analyzed. Contractile response to noradrenaline was analyzed in endothelium-denuded aorta. iNOS mRNA expression was analyzed in isolated aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) of female rats, incubated with 22 mM glucose and an ESR2 antagonist. KEY FINDINGS Aortic iNOS and ESR2 immunostaining, S-nitrosylated proteins, IL-1β protein expression and plasmatic NO levels were all increased, whereas noradrenaline-induced contraction was reduced in aorta of diabetic female rats. With the exception of iNOS and ESR2 immunostaining, all these parameters were corrected by L-NIL treatment. High glucose increased iNOS mRNA expression in ASMCs, which was reduced by an ESR2 antagonist. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrated that increased iNOS-NO contributed to the impairment of the contractile response of aortic smooth muscle cells in female type 1 diabetic rats and that increased expression of iNOS may involve the participation of ESR2/ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Marcieli Sartoretto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandes Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Pereira Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziela Scalianti Ceravolo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Santos-Eichler
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Zuleica Bruno Fortes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Hiromi Akamine
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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22
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Estrogen in vascular smooth muscle cells: A friend or a foe? Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 111:15-21. [PMID: 30227233 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide. The effect of estrogen on these diseases has been assessed in in vitro and in vivo models, as well as in observational studies. Collectively, these studies alluded to a cardiovasculo-protective effect of estrogen. However, comprehensive clinical investigation failed to produce concrete proof of a cardiovascular protective effect for hormone replacement therapy (HRT), let alone rule out potential harm. These seemingly paradoxical effects of estrogen were explained by the 'theory of timing and opportunity'. This theory states that the effect of estrogen, whether cardiovasculo-protective or pathological, significantly depends on the age of the individual when estrogen administration takes place. Here, we review the conflicting effects of estrogen on vascular smooth muscle cells, mainly proliferation and migration as two cellular capacities intimately related to physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. Furthermore, we critically discuss the major parameters and signaling pathways that may account for the aforementioned paradoxical observations, as well as the key molecular players involved.
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23
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Sweet DR, Fan L, Hsieh PN, Jain MK. Krüppel-Like Factors in Vascular Inflammation: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:6. [PMID: 29459900 PMCID: PMC5807683 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammation in vascular disease is well recognized, involving dysregulation of both circulating immune cells as well as the cells of the vessel wall itself. Unrestrained vascular inflammation leads to pathological remodeling that eventually contributes to atherothrombotic disease and its associated sequelae (e.g., myocardial/cerebral infarction, embolism, and critical limb ischemia). Signaling events during vascular inflammation orchestrate widespread transcriptional programs that affect the functions of vascular and circulating inflammatory cells. The Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of transcription factors central in regulating vascular biology in states of homeostasis and disease. Given their abundance and diversity of function in cells associated with vascular inflammation, understanding the transcriptional networks regulated by KLFs will further our understanding of the pathogenesis underlying several pervasive health concerns (e.g., atherosclerosis, stroke, etc.) and consequently inform the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Within this review, we will discuss the role of KLFs in coordinating protective and deleterious responses during vascular inflammation, while addressing the potential targeting of these critical transcription factors in future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Sweet
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Liyan Fan
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Paishiun N Hsieh
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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