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Chandía-Cristi A, Gutiérrez DA, Dulcey AE, Lara M, Vargas L, Lin YH, Jimenez-Muñoz P, Larenas G, Xu X, Wang A, Owens A, Dextras C, Chen Y, Pinto C, Marín T, Almarza-Salazar H, Acevedo K, Cancino GI, Hu X, Rojas P, Ferrer M, Southall N, Henderson MJ, Zanlungo S, Marugan JJ, Álvarez R A. Prophylactic treatment with the c-Abl inhibitor, neurotinib, diminishes neuronal damage and the convulsive state in pilocarpine-induced mice. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114144. [PMID: 38656874 PMCID: PMC11230136 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying seizure generation remain elusive, yet they are crucial for developing effective treatments for epilepsy. The current study shows that inhibiting c-Abl tyrosine kinase prevents apoptosis, reduces dendritic spine loss, and maintains N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) phosphorylated in in vitro models of excitotoxicity. Pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) in mice promotes c-Abl phosphorylation, and disrupting c-Abl activity leads to fewer seizures, increases latency toward SE, and improved animal survival. Currently, clinically used c-Abl inhibitors are non-selective and have poor brain penetration. The allosteric c-Abl inhibitor, neurotinib, used here has favorable potency, selectivity, pharmacokinetics, and vastly improved brain penetration. Neurotinib-administered mice have fewer seizures and improved survival following pilocarpine-SE induction. Our findings reveal c-Abl kinase activation as a key factor in ictogenesis and highlight the impact of its inhibition in preventing the insurgence of epileptic-like seizures in rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- América Chandía-Cristi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela A Gutiérrez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés E Dulcey
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Marcelo Lara
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Biology and Chemistry Faculty, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenue Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 3363, Chile
| | - Lina Vargas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yi-Han Lin
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Pablo Jimenez-Muñoz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Larenas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Xin Xu
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Amy Wang
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Owens
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Dextras
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - YuChi Chen
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Claudio Pinto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara Marín
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Almarza-Salazar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Keryma Acevedo
- Neurology Unit of Pediatric Division, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenue Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo I Cancino
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Xin Hu
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Patricio Rojas
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Biology and Chemistry Faculty, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenue Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 3363, Chile
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Noel Southall
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mark J Henderson
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenue Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan J Marugan
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Alejandra Álvarez R
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile.
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2
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Jiang M, Wang Z, Lu T, Li X, Yang K, Zhao L, Zhang D, Li J, Wang L. Integrative analysis of long noncoding RNAs dysregulation and synapse-associated ceRNA regulatory axes in autism. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:375. [PMID: 38057311 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disorder of neurodevelopment, the function of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in ASD remains essentially unknown. In the present study, gene networks were used to explore the ASD disease mechanisms integrating multiple data types (for example, RNA expression, whole-exome sequencing signals, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and protein-protein interaction) and datasets (five human postmortem datasets). A total of 388 lncRNAs and five co-expression modules were found to be altered in ASD. The downregulated co-expression M4 module was significantly correlated with ASD, enriched with autism susceptibility genes and synaptic signaling. Integrating lncRNAs from the M4 module and microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation data from the literature identified competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. We identified the downregulated mRNAs that interact with miRNAs by the miRTarBase, miRDB, and TargetScan databases. Our analysis reveals that MIR600HG was downregulated in multiple brain tissue datasets and was closely associated with 9 autism-susceptible miRNAs in the ceRNA network. MIR600HG and target mRNAs (EPHA4, MOAP1, MAP3K9, STXBP1, PRKCE, and SCAMP5) were downregulated in the peripheral blood by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis (false discovery rate <0.05). Subsequently, we assessed the role of lncRNA dysregulation in altered mRNA levels. Experimental verification showed that some synapse-associated mRNAs were downregulated after the MIR600HG knockdown. BrainSpan project showed that the expression patterns of MIR600HG (primate-specific lncRNA) and synapse-associated mRNA were similar in different human brain regions and at different stages of development. A combination of support vector machine and random forest machine learning algorithms retrieved the marker gene for ASD in the ceRNA network, and the area under the curve of the diagnostic nomogram was 0.851. In conclusion, dysregulation of MIR600HG, a novel specific lncRNA associated with ASD, is responsible for the ASD-associated miRNA-mRNA axes, thereby potentially regulating synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlan Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xianjing Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Liyang Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Lifang Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
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3
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Schiavi A, Cirotti C, Gerber LS, Di Lauro G, Maglioni S, Shibao PYT, Montresor S, Kirstein J, Petzsch P, Köhrer K, Schins RPF, Wahle T, Barilà D, Ventura N. Abl depletion via autophagy mediates the beneficial effects of quercetin against Alzheimer pathology across species. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:376. [PMID: 37838776 PMCID: PMC10576830 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common age-associated neurodegenerative disorder and the most frequent form of dementia in our society. Aging is a complex biological process concurrently shaped by genetic, dietary and environmental factors and natural compounds are emerging for their beneficial effects against age-related disorders. Besides their antioxidant activity often described in simple model organisms, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of different dietary compounds remain however largely unknown. In the present study, we exploit the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a widely established model for aging studies, to test the effects of different natural compounds in vivo and focused on mechanistic aspects of one of them, quercetin, using complementary systems and assays. We show that quercetin has evolutionarily conserved beneficial effects against Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology: it prevents Amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced detrimental effects in different C. elegans AD models and it reduces Aβ-secretion in mammalian cells. Mechanistically, we found that the beneficial effects of quercetin are mediated by autophagy-dependent reduced expression of Abl tyrosine kinase. In turn, autophagy is required upon Abl suppression to mediate quercetin's protective effects against Aβ toxicity. Our data support the power of C. elegans as an in vivo model to investigate therapeutic options for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Schiavi
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Cirotti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Lora-Sophie Gerber
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Di Lauro
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Silvia Maglioni
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Priscila Yumi Tanaka Shibao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Janine Kirstein
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tina Wahle
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniela Barilà
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Natascia Ventura
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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4
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Verma M, Chopra M, Kumar H. Unraveling the Potential of EphA4: A Breakthrough Target and Beacon of Hope for Neurological Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3375-3391. [PMID: 37477786 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma A4 (EphA4) is a transmembrane receptor protein which is a part of the most prominent family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). It serves a crucial role in both physiological, biological, and functional states binding with their ligand like Ephrins. Its abundance in the majority of the body's systems has been reported. Moreover, it draws much attention in the CNS since it influences axonal and vascular guidance. Also, it has a widespread role at the pathological state of various CNS disorders. Reports suggest it obstructs axonal regeneration in various neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders. Although, neuro-regeneration is still an open challenge to the modern drug discovery community. Hence, in this review, we will provide information about the role of EphA4 in neurological diseases by which it may emerge as a therapeutic target for CNS disease. We will also provide a glance at numerous signaling pathways that activate or inhibit the EphA4-associated biological processes contributing to the course of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, this work might serve as a basis for futuristic studies that are related to the target-based drug discovery in the field of neuro-regeneration. Pathological and physiological events associated with EphA4 and Ephrin upregulation and interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Verma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Manjeet Chopra
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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5
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Motaln H, Rogelj B. The Role of c-Abl Tyrosine Kinase in Brain and Its Pathologies. Cells 2023; 12:2041. [PMID: 37626851 PMCID: PMC10453230 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiated status, low regenerative capacity and complex signaling make neuronal tissues highly susceptible to translating an imbalance in cell homeostasis into cell death. The high rate of neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly population confirms this. The multiple and divergent signaling cascades downstream of the various stress triggers challenge researchers to identify the central components of the stress-induced signaling pathways that cause neurodegeneration. Because of their critical role in cell homeostasis, kinases have emerged as one of the key regulators. Among kinases, non-receptor tyrosine kinase (Abelson kinase) c-Abl appears to be involved in both the normal development of neural tissue and the development of neurodegenerative pathologies when abnormally expressed or activated. However, exactly how c-Abl mediates the progression of neurodegeneration remains largely unexplored. Here, we summarize recent findings on the involvement of c-Abl in normal and abnormal processes in nervous tissue, focusing on neurons, astrocytes and microglial cells, with particular reference to molecular events at the interface between stress signaling, DNA damage, and metabolic regulation. Because inhibition of c-Abl has neuroprotective effects and can prevent neuronal death, we believe that an integrated view of c-Abl signaling in neurodegeneration could lead to significantly improved treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Motaln
- Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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6
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Wei HX, Guan YN, Chen PP, Rao ZZ, Yang JS. Upregulation of EphA4 deteriorate brain damage by shifting microglia M1-polarization via NF-κB signaling after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18429. [PMID: 37519758 PMCID: PMC10375859 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the main reason of disability and mortality in many countries, and currently has limited treatments. The post-stroke inflammation characterized with microglia activation and polarization has been regarded as a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. After ischemia, the activated microglia polarize to classical (M1) phenotype or alternative (M2) phenotype and exhibit biphasic function. Promoting microglia phenotype shift from deleterious M1 phenotype to neuroprotective M2 phenotype will be promising in stroke treatment. Increasing evidence indicates that the erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular (Eph) receptor A4 (EphA4), a kind of abundant Eph receptor, distributes mainly in neuron and participates in multiple links of pathological changes after ischemia. This paper discussed the hypothesis that EphA4 receptor could affect ischemic brain injury through EphA4/ephrin bidirectional signaling between neuron and microglia, and then explored its underlying mechanisms. We manipulated EphA4/ephrin signaling with either EphA4 overexpression lentiviral vectors or the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to upregulate or knock down neuronal EphA4 expression. NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ammonium salt (PDTC) was applied to block NF-κB pathway. According to the experimental results, upregulated neuronal EphA4 induced by ischemia deteriorated neurological function as well as brain damage by shifting microglia M1-polarization via promoting NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xing Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, PR China
| | - Yun-Ni Guan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Ping-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Zhao-Zeng Rao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Longyan People's Hospital, Longyan, PR China
| | - Jin-Shan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, PR China
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7
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Ratan Y, Rajput A, Maleysm S, Pareek A, Jain V, Pareek A, Kaur R, Singh G. An Insight into Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051398. [PMID: 37239068 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prominent neurodegenerative disorder in the aging population. It is characterized by cognitive decline, gradual neurodegeneration, and the development of amyloid-β (Aβ)-plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which constitute hyperphosphorylated tau. The early stages of neurodegeneration in AD include the loss of neurons, followed by synaptic impairment. Since the discovery of AD, substantial factual research has surfaced that outlines the disease's causes, molecular mechanisms, and prospective therapeutics, but a successful cure for the disease has not yet been discovered. This may be attributed to the complicated pathogenesis of AD, the absence of a well-defined molecular mechanism, and the constrained diagnostic resources and treatment options. To address the aforementioned challenges, extensive disease modeling is essential to fully comprehend the underlying mechanisms of AD, making it easier to design and develop effective treatment strategies. Emerging evidence over the past few decades supports the critical role of Aβ and tau in AD pathogenesis and the participation of glial cells in different molecular and cellular pathways. This review extensively discusses the current understanding concerning Aβ- and tau-associated molecular mechanisms and glial dysfunction in AD. Moreover, the critical risk factors associated with AD including genetics, aging, environmental variables, lifestyle habits, medical conditions, viral/bacterial infections, and psychiatric factors have been summarized. The present study will entice researchers to more thoroughly comprehend and explore the current status of the molecular mechanism of AD, which may assist in AD drug development in the forthcoming era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashumati Ratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aishwarya Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sushmita Maleysm
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aaushi Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda 151101, Punjab, India
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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8
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Qiu W, Liu H, Liu Y, Lu X, Wang L, Hu Y, Feng F, Li Q, Sun H. Regulation of beta-amyloid for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Research progress of therapeutic strategies and bioactive compounds. Med Res Rev 2023. [PMID: 36945751 DOI: 10.1002/med.21947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is difficult to treat. Extracellular amyloid is the principal pathological criterion for the diagnosis of AD. Amyloid β (Aβ) interacts with various receptor molecules on the plasma membrane and mediates a series of signaling pathways that play a vital role in the occurrence and development of AD. Research on receptors that interact with Aβ is currently ongoing. Overall, there are no effective medications to treat AD. In this review, we first discuss the importance of Aβ in the pathogenesis of AD, then summarize the latest progress of Aβ-related targets and compounds. Finally, we put forward the challenges and opportunities in the development of effective AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Qiu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyu Hu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Institute of Food and Pharmaceuticals Research, Jiangsu, Huaian, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Álvarez A, Gutiérrez D, Chandía-Cristi A, Yáñez M, Zanlungo S. c-Abl kinase at the crossroads of healthy synaptic remodeling and synaptic dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:237-243. [PMID: 35900397 PMCID: PMC9396477 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our ability to learn and remember depends on the active formation, remodeling, and elimination of synapses. Thus, the development and growth of synapses as well as their weakening and elimination are essential for neuronal rewiring. The structural reorganization of synaptic complexes, changes in actin cytoskeleton and organelle dynamics, as well as modulation of gene expression, determine synaptic plasticity. It has been proposed that dysregulation of these key synaptic homeostatic processes underlies the synaptic dysfunction observed in many neurodegenerative diseases. Much is known about downstream signaling of activated N-methyl-D-aspartate and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoazolepropionate receptors; however, other signaling pathways can also contribute to synaptic plasticity and long-lasting changes in learning and memory. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl (ABL1) is a key signal transducer of intra and extracellular signals, and it shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. This review focuses on c-Abl and its synaptic and neuronal functions. Here, we discuss the evidence showing that the activation of c-Abl can be detrimental to neurons, promoting the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, c-Abl activity seems to be in a pivotal balance between healthy synaptic plasticity, regulating dendritic spines remodeling and gene expression after cognitive training, and synaptic dysfunction and loss in neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, c-Abl genetic ablation not only improves learning and memory and modulates the brain genetic program of trained mice, but its absence provides dendritic spines resiliency against damage. Therefore, the present review has been designed to elucidate the common links between c-Abl regulation of structural changes that involve the actin cytoskeleton and organelles dynamics, and the transcriptional program activated during synaptic plasticity. By summarizing the recent discoveries on c-Abl functions, we aim to provide an overview of how its inhibition could be a potentially fruitful treatment to improve degenerative outcomes and delay memory loss.
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10
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ESR1 dysfunction triggers neuroinflammation as a critical upstream causative factor of the Alzheimer’s disease process. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8595-8614. [DOI: 10.18632/aging.204359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Martinsson I, Quintino L, Garcia MG, Konings SC, Torres-Garcia L, Svanbergsson A, Stange O, England R, Deierborg T, Li JY, Lundberg C, Gouras GK. Aβ/Amyloid Precursor Protein-Induced Hyperexcitability and Dysregulation of Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity in Neuron Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:946297. [PMID: 35928998 PMCID: PMC9344931 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.946297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasingly seen as a disease of synapses and diverse evidence has implicated the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in synapse damage. The molecular and cellular mechanism(s) by which Aβ and/or its precursor protein, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) can affect synapses remains unclear. Interestingly, early hyperexcitability has been described in human AD and mouse models of AD, which precedes later hypoactivity. Here we show that neurons in culture with either elevated levels of Aβ or with human APP mutated to prevent Aβ generation can both induce hyperactivity as detected by elevated calcium transient frequency and amplitude. Since homeostatic synaptic plasticity (HSP) mechanisms normally maintain a setpoint of activity, we examined whether HSP was altered in AD transgenic neurons. Using methods known to induce HSP, we demonstrate that APP protein levels are regulated by chronic modulation of activity and that AD transgenic neurons have an impaired adaptation of calcium transients to global changes in activity. Further, AD transgenic compared to WT neurons failed to adjust the length of their axon initial segments (AIS), an adaptation known to alter excitability. Thus, we show that both APP and Aβ influence neuronal activity and that mechanisms of HSP are disrupted in primary neuron models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isak Martinsson
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Isak Martinsson,
| | - Luis Quintino
- CNS Gene Therapy, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Megg G. Garcia
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sabine C. Konings
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Laura Torres-Garcia
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Neural Plasticity and Repair, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Svanbergsson
- Neural Plasticity and Repair, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oliver Stange
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rebecca England
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Neural Plasticity and Repair, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lundberg
- CNS Gene Therapy, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar K. Gouras
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Gunnar K. Gouras,
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12
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Weber TA, Lundkvist J, Wanngren J, Kvartsberg H, Jin S, Larssen P, Wu D, Oliveira DV, Minta K, Brinkmalm G, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Nordvall G, Winblad B, Portelius E, Karlström H. γ-Secretase modulators show selectivity for γ-secretase-mediated amyloid precursor protein intramembrane processing. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:880-892. [PMID: 34931449 PMCID: PMC8817114 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of β‐amyloid peptide 42 results in the formation of toxic oligomers and plaques, which plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Aβ42 is one of several Aβ peptides, all of Aβ30 to Aβ43 that are produced as a result of γ‐secretase–mediated regulated intramembrane proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein. γ‐Secretase modulators (GSMs) represent a promising class of Aβ42‐lowering anti‐amyloidogenic compounds for the treatment of AD. Gamma‐secretase modulators change the relative proportion of secreted Aβ peptides, while sparing the γ‐secretase–mediated processing event resulting in the release of the cytoplasmic APP intracellular domain. In this study, we have characterized how GSMs affect the γ‐secretase cleavage of three γ‐secretase substrates, E‐cadherin, ephrin type A receptor 4 (EphA4) and ephrin type B receptor 2 (EphB2), which all are implicated in important contexts of cell signalling. By using a reporter gene assay, we demonstrate that the γ‐secretase–dependent generation of EphA4 and EphB2 intracellular domains is unaffected by GSMs. We also show that γ‐secretase processing of EphA4 and EphB2 results in the release of several Aβ‐like peptides, but that only the production of Aβ‐like proteins from EphA4 is modulated by GSMs, but with an order of magnitude lower potency as compared to Aβ modulation. Collectively, these results suggest that GSMs are selective for γ‐secretase–mediated Aβ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Weber
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Medical Scientific Affairs, Aesculap AG, Tuttlingen, Germany
| | - Johan Lundkvist
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Alzecure Pharma, Huddinge, Sweden.,Sinfonia Biotherapeutics AB, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johanna Wanngren
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - ShaoBo Jin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Larssen
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan Wu
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daniel V Oliveira
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Minta
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Nordvall
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Alzecure Pharma, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Geriatric Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Helena Karlström
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Geriatric Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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13
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Szabo MP, Mishra S, Knupp A, Young JE. The role of Alzheimer's disease risk genes in endolysosomal pathways. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 162:105576. [PMID: 34871734 PMCID: PMC9071255 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is ample pathological and biological evidence for endo-lysosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and emerging genetic studies repeatedly implicate endo-lysosomal genes as associated with increased AD risk. The endo-lysosomal network (ELN) is essential for all cell types of the central nervous system (CNS), yet each unique cell type utilizes cellular trafficking differently (see Fig. 1). Challenges ahead involve defining the role of AD associated genes in the functionality of the endo-lysosomal network (ELN) and understanding how this impacts the cellular dysfunction that occurs in AD. This is critical to the development of new therapeutics that will impact, and potentially reverse, early disease phenotypes. Here we review some early evidence of ELN dysfunction in AD pathogenesis and discuss the role of selected AD-associated risk genes in this pathway. In particular, we review genes that have been replicated in multiple genome-wide association studies(Andrews et al., 2020; Jansen et al., 2019; Kunkle et al., 2019; Lambert et al., 2013; Marioni et al., 2018) and reviewed in(Andrews et al., 2020) that have defined roles in the endo-lysosomal network. These genes include SORL1, an AD risk gene harboring both rare and common variants associated with AD risk and a role in trafficking cargo, including APP, through the ELN; BIN1, a regulator of clathrin-mediated endocytosis whose expression correlates with Tau pathology; CD2AP, an AD risk gene with roles in endosome morphology and recycling; PICALM, a clathrin-binding protein that mediates trafficking between the trans-Golgi network and endosomes; and Ephrin Receptors, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases with AD associations and interactions with other AD risk genes. Finally, we will discuss how human cellular models can elucidate cell-type specific differences in ELN dysfunction in AD and aid in therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell P Szabo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America
| | - Swati Mishra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America
| | - Allison Knupp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America
| | - Jessica E Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America.
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14
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Higgins-Chen AT, Thrush KL, Levine ME. Aging biomarkers and the brain. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 116:180-193. [PMID: 33509689 PMCID: PMC8292153 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying biological aging is critical for understanding why aging is the primary driver of morbidity and mortality and for assessing novel therapies to counter pathological aging. In the past decade, many biomarkers relevant to brain aging have been developed using various data types and modeling techniques. Aging involves numerous interconnected processes, and thus many complementary biomarkers are needed, each capturing a different slice of aging biology. Here we present a hierarchical framework highlighting how these biomarkers are related to each other and the underlying biological processes. We review those measures most studied in the context of brain aging: epigenetic clocks, proteomic clocks, and neuroimaging age predictors. Many studies have linked these biomarkers to cognition, mental health, brain structure, and pathology during aging. We also delve into the challenges and complexities in interpreting these biomarkers and suggest areas for further innovation. Ultimately, a robust mechanistic understanding of these biomarkers will be needed to effectively intervene in the aging process to prevent and treat age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert T Higgins-Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Kyra L Thrush
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, 300 George St, Suite 501, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Morgan E Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, Suite LH 315A, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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15
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Zhang L, Qi Z, Li J, Li M, Du X, Wang S, Zhou G, Xu B, Liu W, Xi S, Xu Z, Deng Y. Roles and Mechanisms of Axon-Guidance Molecules in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3290-3307. [PMID: 33675023 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by progressive memory decline and cognitive dysfunctions. Although the causes of AD have not yet been established, many mechanisms have been proposed. Axon-guidance molecules play the roles in the occurrence and development of AD by participating in different mechanisms. Therefore, what roles do axon-guidance molecules play in AD? This study aimed at elucidating how axon-guidance molecules Netrins, Slits, Semaphorins, and Ephrins regulate the levels of Aβ, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, Reelin, and other ways through different signaling pathways, in order to show the roles of axon-guidance molecules in the occurrence and development of AD. And it is hoped that this study can provide a theoretical basis and new perspectives in the search for new therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhipeng Qi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xianchao Du
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhaofa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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16
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Diociaiuti M, Bonanni R, Cariati I, Frank C, D’Arcangelo G. Amyloid Prefibrillar Oligomers: The Surprising Commonalities in Their Structure and Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126435. [PMID: 34208561 PMCID: PMC8235680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that a “common core” of pathologic pathways exists for the large family of amyloid-associated neurodegenerations, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, type II diabetes and Creutzfeldt–Jacob’s Disease. Aggregates of the involved proteins, independently from their primary sequence, induced neuron membrane permeabilization able to trigger an abnormal Ca2+ influx leading to synaptotoxicity, resulting in reduced expression of synaptic proteins and impaired synaptic transmission. Emerging evidence is now focusing on low-molecular-weight prefibrillar oligomers (PFOs), which mimic bacterial pore-forming toxins that form well-ordered oligomeric membrane-spanning pores. At the same time, the neuron membrane composition and its chemical microenvironment seem to play a pivotal role. In fact, the brain of AD patients contains increased fractions of anionic lipids able to favor cationic influx. However, up to now the existence of a specific “common structure” of the toxic aggregate, and a “common mechanism” by which it induces neuronal damage, synaptotoxicity and impaired synaptic transmission, is still an open hypothesis. In this review, we gathered information concerning this hypothesis, focusing on the proteins linked to several amyloid diseases. We noted commonalities in their structure and membrane activity, and their ability to induce Ca2+ influx, neurotoxicity, synaptotoxicity and impaired synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Diociaiuti
- Centro Nazionale Malattie Rare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberto Bonanni
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Ida Cariati
- PhD in Medical-Surgical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudio Frank
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna D’Arcangelo
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (G.D.)
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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17
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Sap KA, Guler AT, Bury A, Dekkers D, Demmers JAA, Reits EA. Identification of Full-Length Wild-Type and Mutant Huntingtin Interacting Proteins by Crosslinking Immunoprecipitation in Mice Brain Cortex. J Huntingtons Dis 2021; 10:335-347. [PMID: 34151850 PMCID: PMC8609692 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-210476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Huntington’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG expansion in the huntingtin gene, resulting in a polyglutamine expansion in the ubiquitously expressed mutant huntingtin protein. Objective: Here we set out to identify proteins interacting with the full-length wild-type and mutant huntingtin protein in the mice cortex brain region to understand affected biological processes in Huntington’s disease pathology. Methods: Full-length huntingtin with 20 and 140 polyQ repeats were formaldehyde-crosslinked and isolated via their N-terminal Flag-tag from 2-month-old mice brain cortex. Interacting proteins were identified and quantified by label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: We identified 30 interactors specific for wild-type huntingtin, 14 interactors specific for mutant huntingtin and 14 shared interactors that interacted with both wild-type and mutant huntingtin, including known interactors such as F8a1/Hap40. Syt1, Ykt6, and Snap47, involved in vesicle transport and exocytosis, were among the proteins that interacted specifically with wild-type huntingtin. Various other proteins involved in energy metabolism and mitochondria were also found to associate predominantly with wild-type huntingtin, whereas mutant huntingtin interacted with proteins involved in translation including Mapk3, Eif3h and Eef1a2. Conclusion: Here we identified both shared and specific interactors of wild-type and mutant huntingtin, which are involved in different biological processes including exocytosis, vesicle transport, translation and metabolism. These findings contribute to the understanding of the roles that wild-type and mutant huntingtin play in a variety of cellular processes both in healthy conditions and Huntington’s disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sap
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arzu Tugce Guler
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra Bury
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Dekkers
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A A Demmers
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A Reits
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Brain-Specific Gene Expression and Quantitative Traits Association Analysis for Mild Cognitive Impairment. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060658. [PMID: 34201204 PMCID: PMC8229744 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome–wide association studies (TWAS) have identified several genes that are associated with qualitative traits. In this work, we performed TWAS using quantitative traits and predicted gene expressions in six brain subcortical structures in 286 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) samples from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. The six brain subcortical structures were in the limbic region, basal ganglia region, and cerebellum region. We identified 9, 15, and 6 genes that were stably correlated longitudinally with quantitative traits in these three regions, of which 3, 8, and 6 genes have not been reported in previous Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or MCI studies. These genes are potential drug targets for the treatment of early–stage AD. Single–Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis results indicated that cis–expression Quantitative Trait Loci (cis–eQTL) SNPs with gene expression predictive abilities may affect the expression of their corresponding genes by specific binding to transcription factors or by modulating promoter and enhancer activities. Further, baseline structure volumes and cis–eQTL SNPs from correlated genes in each region were used to predict the conversion risk of MCI patients. Our results showed that limbic volumes and cis–eQTL SNPs of correlated genes in the limbic region have effective predictive abilities.
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19
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Lee SB, Park A, Ma CT, Kim YH, Yang HO. 3'-O-Acetyl-24-Epi-7,8-Didehydrocimigenol-3-O-β-DXylopryranoside Decreases Amyloid Beta Production in Amyloid Precursor Protein-Transfected HeLa Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:290-294. [PMID: 33619237 PMCID: PMC8094072 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular beta amyloid (Aβ) plaques are the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Accordingly, reducing Aβ levels is considered a promising strategy for AD prevention. 3’-O-acetyl-24-epi-7,8-didehydrocimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopryranoside significantly decreased the Aβ production and this effect was accompanied with reduced sAPPβ production known as a soluble ectodomain APP fragment through β-secretases in HeLa cells overexpressing amyloid precursor proteins (APPs). This compound also increased the level of sAPPα, which is a proteolytic fragment of APP by α-secretases. In addition, 3’-O-acetyl-24-epi-7,8-didehydrocimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopryranoside decreased the protein level of β-secretases, but the protein levels of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family, especially ADAM10 and ADAM17, are increased. Thus, 3’-O-acetyl-24-epi-7,8-didehydrocimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopryranoside could be useful in the development of AD treatment in the aspect of amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bin Lee
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.,Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Ansun Park
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Thanh Ma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Yang
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.,Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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20
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A review of the neuroprotective effects of andrographolide in Alzheimer's disease. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Microglial Pruning: Relevance for Synaptic Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Experimental Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030686. [PMID: 33804596 PMCID: PMC8003660 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, besides being able to react rapidly to a wide range of environmental changes, are also involved in shaping neuronal wiring. Indeed, they actively participate in the modulation of neuronal function by regulating the elimination (or “pruning”) of weaker synapses in both physiologic and pathologic processes. Mounting evidence supports their crucial role in early synaptic loss, which is emerging as a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and its preclinical models. MS is an inflammatory, immune-mediated pathology of the white matter in which demyelinating lesions may cause secondary neuronal death. Nevertheless, primitive grey matter (GM) damage is emerging as an important contributor to patients’ long-term disability, since it has been associated with early and progressive cognitive decline (CD), which seriously worsens the quality of life of MS patients. Widespread synapse loss even in the absence of demyelination, axon degeneration and neuronal death has been demonstrated in different GM structures, thus raising the possibility that synaptic dysfunction could be an early and possibly independent event in the neurodegenerative process associated with MS. This review provides an overview of microglial-dependent synapse elimination in the neuroinflammatory process that underlies MS and its experimental models.
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22
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Yao LC, Jiang XH, Yan SS, Wang W, Wu L, Zhai LL, Xiang F, Ji T, Ye L, Tang ZG. Four potential microRNAs affect the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by targeting MET via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:326. [PMID: 33692858 PMCID: PMC7933770 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common tumor subtype of pancreatic cancer, which exhibits poor patient prognosis due to the lack of effective biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment. The present study aimed to identify the potential biomarkers of PDAC carcinogenesis and progression using three microarray datasets, GSE15471, GSE16515 and GSE28735, which were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The datasets were analyzed to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PDAC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. A total of 143 DEGs were identified, including 132 upregulated genes and 11 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional and signaling pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs, and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction network. The main functions of DEGs include extracellular matrix degradation, and regulation of matrix metalloproteinase activity and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The five hub genes were subsequently screened using Cytoscape software, and survival analysis demonstrated that abnormal expression levels of the hub genes was associated with poor disease-free survival and overall survival. Biological experiments were performed to confirm whether mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) factors promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of PDAC cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, six MET-targeted microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified, four of which had conserved binding sites with MET. Based on the signaling pathway enrichment analysis of these miRNAs, it is suggested that they can affect the progression of PDAC by targeting MET via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, the hub genes and miRNAs that were identified in the present study contribute to the molecular mechanisms of PDAC carcinogenesis and progression. They also provide candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment of patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chao Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Hua Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Si-Si Yan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lun Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ji
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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23
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Fahanik-Babaei J, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M. Differential Effect of Amyloid Beta1-40 on Short-term and Long-term Plasticity in Dentate Gyrus of a Rat Model of Alzheimer Disease. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 11:517-524. [PMID: 33613890 PMCID: PMC7878034 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Synaptic plasticity is inappropriately affected by neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer Disease (AD). In this study, we examined the effect of intrahippocampal amyloid-beta (Aβ1-40) on dentate gyrus Long-term Potentiation (LTP) and presynaptic short-term plasticity in a rat model of AD. Methods: The experimental groups in this research included the control with no treatment, sham-operated receiving the vehicle (normal saline), and Aβ-lesioned groups. For modeling AD, aggregated Aβ1-40 (10 μg/2 μl on each side) was injected into the hippocampal CA1. Three weeks later, Population Spike (PS) amplitude and slope ratios were determined at different Inter-pulse Intervals (IPI) of 10, 20, 30, and 50 ms as a valid indicator of the short-term presynaptic facilitation and/or depression. In addition, PS amplitude and slope were taken as an index of long-term synaptic plasticity after application of High-frequency Stimulation (HFS) to induce LTP in the medial perforant-dentate gyrus pathway. Results: No significant differences were noted amongst the experimental groups regarding fEPSP slope and paired-pulse indices as indicators of short-term plasticity. In contrast, fEPSP slope and PS amplitude significantly decreased following the application of HFS in Aβ-injected group. In addition, there was no significant difference between the control and sham-operated groups regarding the mentioned parameters. Conclusion: Findings of this study clearly demonstrated that microinjection of Aβ1-40 into the CA1 could impair LTP in dentate gyrus but could not modify short-term plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tourandokht Baluchnejadmojarad
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Abeynayake N, Arthur A, Gronthos S. Crosstalk between skeletal and neural tissues is critical for skeletal health. Bone 2021; 142:115645. [PMID: 32949783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence in the literature describes a physical and functional association between the neural and skeletal systems that forms a neuro-osteogenic network. This communication between bone cells and neural tissues within the skeleton is important in facilitating bone skeletal growth, homeostasis and repair. The growth and repair of the skeleton is dependent on correct neural innervation for correct skeletal developmental growth and fracture repair, while pathological conditions such as osteoporosis are accelerated by disruptions to sympathetic innervation. To date, different molecular mechanisms have been reported to mediate communication between bone and neural populations. This review highlights the important role of various cell surface receptors, cytokines and associated ligands as potential regulators of skeletal development, homeostasis, and repair, by mediating interactions between the skeletal and nervous systems. Specifically, this review describes how Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), Eph/ephrin, Chemokine CXCL12, Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP), Netrins, Neurotrophins (NTs), Slit/Robo and the Semaphorins (Semas) contribute to the cross talk between bone cells and peripheral nerves, and the importance of these interactions in maintaining skeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nethmi Abeynayake
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Agnieszka Arthur
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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25
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Competing Endogenous RNA Networks as Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249582. [PMID: 33339180 PMCID: PMC7765627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is classically considered the main cause of neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). However, increasing evidence suggests that alteration of RNA metabolism is a key factor in the etiopathogenesis of these complex disorders. Non-coding RNAs are the major contributor to the human transcriptome and are particularly abundant in the central nervous system, where they have been proposed to be involved in the onset and development of NDDs. Interestingly, some ncRNAs (such as lncRNAs, circRNAs and pseudogenes) share a common functionality in their ability to regulate gene expression by modulating miRNAs in a phenomenon known as the competing endogenous RNA mechanism. Moreover, ncRNAs are found in body fluids where their presence and concentration could serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers of NDDs. In this review, we summarize the ceRNA networks described in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinocerebellar ataxia type 7, and discuss their potential as biomarkers of these NDDs. Although numerous studies have been carried out, further research is needed to validate these complex interactions between RNAs and the alterations in RNA editing that could provide specific ceRNET profiles for neurodegenerative disorders, paving the way to a better understanding of these diseases.
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26
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Wang JKT. Uniting homeostatic plasticity and exosome biology: A revision of the conceptual framework for drug discovery in neurodegenerative diseases? ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 90:277-306. [PMID: 33706937 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are in need of new drug discovery approaches. Our previous systematic analyses of Huntington's Disease (HD) literature for protein-protein interactors (PPIs) and modifiers of mutant Huntingtin-driven phenotypes revealed enrichment for PPIs of genes required for homeostatic synaptic plasticity (HSP) and exosome (EV) function and exosomal proteins, which in turn highly overlapped each other and with PPIs of genes associated with other NDDs. We proposed that HSP and EVs are linked to each other and are also involved in NDD pathophysiology. Recent studies showed that HSP is indeed altered in HD and AD, and that presynaptic homeostatic plasticity in motoneurons compensates for ALS pathology. Eliminating it causes earlier degeneration and death. If this holds true in other NDDs, drug discovery in animal models should then include elucidation of homeostatic compensation that either masks phenotypes of physiologically expressed mutant genes or are overridden by their overexpression. In this new conceptual framework, enhancing such underlying homeostatic compensation forms the basis for novel therapeutic strategies to slow progression of NDDs. Moreover, if EVs are linked to HSP, then their ability to penetrate the brain, target cell types, deliver miRNA and other molecules can be leveraged to develop attractive drug modalities. Testing this new framework is posed as four questions on model development and mechanistic studies progressing from higher throughput platforms to mouse models. Similar approaches may apply to other CNS disorders including schizophrenia, autism, Rett and Fragile X syndromes due to potential links of their susceptibility genes to HSP and EVs.
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27
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Tamura K, Chiu YW, Shiohara A, Hori Y, Tomita T. EphA4 regulates Aβ production via BACE1 expression in neurons. FASEB J 2020; 34:16383-16396. [PMID: 33090569 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001510r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that the aggregation and deposition of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) initiate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, a genome-wide association study demonstrated that a single-nucleotide polymorphism proximal to the EPHA4 gene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, is associated with AD risk. However, the molecular mechanism of EphA4 in the pathogenesis of AD, particularly in Aβ production, remains unknown. Here, we performed several pharmacological and biological experiments both in vitro and in vivo and demonstrated that EphA4 is responsible for the regulation of Aβ production. Pharmacological inhibition of EphA4 signaling and knockdown of Epha4 led to increased Aβ levels accompanied by increased expression of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), which is an enzyme responsible for Aβ production. Moreover, EPHA4 overexpression and activation of EphA4 signaling via ephrin ligands decreased Aβ levels. In particular, the sterile-alpha motif domain of EphA4 was necessary for the regulation of Aβ production. Finally, EPHA4 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in the brains of AD patients, and negatively correlated with BACE1 mRNA levels. Our results indicate a novel mechanism of Aβ regulation by EphA4, which is involved in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Tamura
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yung-Wen Chiu
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Azusa Shiohara
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Contreras PS, Tapia PJ, González-Hódar L, Peluso I, Soldati C, Napolitano G, Matarese M, Heras ML, Valls C, Martinez A, Balboa E, Castro J, Leal N, Platt FM, Sobota A, Winter D, Klein AD, Medina DL, Ballabio A, Alvarez AR, Zanlungo S. c-Abl Inhibition Activates TFEB and Promotes Cellular Clearance in a Lysosomal Disorder. iScience 2020; 23:101691. [PMID: 33163944 PMCID: PMC7607485 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor EB (TFEB) has emerged as a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, exocytosis, and autophagy, promoting the clearance of substrates stored in cells. c-Abl is a tyrosine kinase that participates in cellular signaling in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this study, we explored the connection between c-Abl and TFEB. Here, we show that under pharmacological and genetic c-Abl inhibition, TFEB translocates into the nucleus promoting the expression of its target genes independently of its well-known regulator, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. Active c-Abl induces TFEB phosphorylation on tyrosine and the inhibition of this kinase promotes lysosomal biogenesis, autophagy, and exocytosis. c-Abl inhibition in Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) models, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes, promotes a cholesterol-lowering effect in a TFEB-dependent manner. Thus, c-Abl is a TFEB regulator that mediates its tyrosine phosphorylation, and the inhibition of c-Abl activates TFEB promoting cholesterol clearance in NPC models. c-Abl is a TFEB regulator that mediates its tyr phosphorylation c-Abl inhibition promotes TFEB activity independently of mTORC1 c-Abl inhibition reduces cholesterol accumulation in NPC1 models
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo S Contreras
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331010, Chile.,CARE UC Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Pablo J Tapia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Lila González-Hódar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Ivana Peluso
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Soldati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Napolitano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Matarese
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Macarena Las Heras
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Cristian Valls
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331010, Chile.,CARE UC Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Martinez
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331010, Chile.,CARE UC Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elisa Balboa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Juan Castro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Nancy Leal
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331010, Chile.,CARE UC Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrzej Sobota
- Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrés D Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Universidad Del Desarrollo Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego L Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alejandra R Alvarez
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331010, Chile.,CARE UC Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331010, Chile
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29
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Horie K, Barthélemy NR, Mallipeddi N, Li Y, Franklin EE, Perrin RJ, Bateman RJ, Sato C. Regional correlation of biochemical measures of amyloid and tau phosphorylation in the brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:149. [PMID: 32854776 PMCID: PMC7450927 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathologic change is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that consist of aggregated amyloid beta (Abeta) and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins (p-tau), respectively. Although the global relationship between Abeta and p-tau has been studied for decades, it is still unclear whether a regional correlation exists between Abeta and p-tau in the human brain. Recent studies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have suggested that tau phosphorylation at specific sites such as T217 is modified at an early stage of AD when amyloid plaques become detectable. We applied biochemical and mass spectrometry methods in human brain samples with and without Abeta plaque pathology to measure site-specific phosphorylation occupancies in soluble and insoluble tau. Our quantitative results identified multiple residues specifically hyper-phosphorylated in AD, including at sites T111, T153, S184 (or S185), T205, S208, T217, S262, and S285 in brain soluble tau. In contrast, the most enriched phosphorylated residues in brain insoluble tau were T111, S113, T153, T181, S199, S202, T205, T217, T231, S262, and S396. Tau phosphorylation occupancies in the insoluble fraction were relatively constant across brain regions, suggesting that tau has a consistent phosphorylation pattern once it has aggregated into NFTs. We did not find regional association between Abeta42 and insoluble tau. However, the phosphorylation profile of soluble tau in AD brain was highly correlated to that in AD CSF, which was analyzed in a previous study. We also found a higher regional association between total Abeta42 and soluble tau phosphorylation occupancy at residues T111, T153 and T217 in the brain. This study provides insights into regional interactions between amyloidosis and specific tau phosphorylated residues in the human brain and may explain the specific increases of tau species phosphorylation observed in AD CSF.
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30
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Yañez MJ, Marín T, Balboa E, Klein AD, Alvarez AR, Zanlungo S. Finding pathogenic commonalities between Niemann-Pick type C and other lysosomal storage disorders: Opportunities for shared therapeutic interventions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165875. [PMID: 32522631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are diseases characterized by the accumulation of macromolecules in the late endocytic system and are caused by inherited defects in genes that encode mainly lysosomal enzymes or transmembrane lysosomal proteins. Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD), a LSD characterized by liver damage and progressive neurodegeneration that leads to early death, is caused by mutations in the genes encoding the NPC1 or NPC2 proteins. Both proteins are involved in the transport of cholesterol from the late endosomal compartment to the rest of the cell. Loss of function of these proteins causes primary cholesterol accumulation, and secondary accumulation of other lipids, such as sphingolipids, in lysosomes. Despite years of studying the genetic and molecular bases of NPCD and related-lysosomal disorders, the pathogenic mechanisms involved in these diseases are not fully understood. In this review we will summarize the pathogenic mechanisms described for NPCD and we will discuss their relevance for other LSDs with neurological components such as Niemann- Pick type A and Gaucher diseases. We will particularly focus on the activation of signaling pathways that may be common to these three pathologies with emphasis on how the intra-lysosomal accumulation of lipids leads to pathology, specifically to neurological impairments. We will show that although the primary lipid storage defect is different in these three LSDs, there is a similar secondary accumulation of metabolites and activation of signaling pathways that can lead to common pathogenic mechanisms. This analysis might help to delineate common pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets for lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Yañez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Marín
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Balboa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A D Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - A R Alvarez
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; CARE UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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31
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Rao CV, Asch AS, Carr DJJ, Yamada HY. "Amyloid-beta accumulation cycle" as a prevention and/or therapy target for Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13109. [PMID: 31981470 PMCID: PMC7059149 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle and its regulators are validated targets for cancer drugs. Reagents that target cells in a specific cell cycle phase (e.g., antimitotics or DNA synthesis inhibitors/replication stress inducers) have demonstrated success as broad-spectrum anticancer drugs. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are drivers of cell cycle transitions. A CDK inhibitor, flavopiridol/alvocidib, is an FDA-approved drug for acute myeloid leukemia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is another serious issue in contemporary medicine. The cause of AD remains elusive, although a critical role of latent amyloid-beta accumulation has emerged. Existing AD drug research and development targets include amyloid, amyloid metabolism/catabolism, tau, inflammation, cholesterol, the cholinergic system, and other neurotransmitters. However, none have been validated as therapeutically effective targets. Recent reports from AD-omics and preclinical animal models provided data supporting the long-standing notion that cell cycle progression and/or mitosis may be a valid target for AD prevention and/or therapy. This review will summarize the recent developments in AD research: (a) Mitotic re-entry, leading to the "amyloid-beta accumulation cycle," may be a prerequisite for amyloid-beta accumulation and AD pathology development; (b) AD-associated pathogens can cause cell cycle errors; (c) thirteen among 37 human AD genetic risk genes may be functionally involved in the cell cycle and/or mitosis; and (d) preclinical AD mouse models treated with CDK inhibitor showed improvements in cognitive/behavioral symptoms. If the "amyloid-beta accumulation cycle is an AD drug target" concept is proven, repurposing of cancer drugs may emerge as a new, fast-track approach for AD management in the clinic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug DevelopmentDepartment of MedicineHematology/Oncology SectionUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Adam S. Asch
- Stephenson Cancer CenterDepartment of MedicineHematology/Oncology SectionUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Daniel J. J. Carr
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Hiroshi Y. Yamada
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug DevelopmentDepartment of MedicineHematology/Oncology SectionUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA
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32
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APP Osaka Mutation in Familial Alzheimer's Disease-Its Discovery, Phenotypes, and Mechanism of Recessive Inheritance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041413. [PMID: 32093100 PMCID: PMC7073033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is believed to begin with synaptic dysfunction caused by soluble Aβ oligomers. When this oligomer hypothesis was proposed in 2002, there was no direct evidence that Aβ oligomers actually disrupt synaptic function to cause cognitive impairment in humans. In patient brains, both soluble and insoluble Aβ species always coexist, and therefore it is difficult to determine which pathologies are caused by Aβ oligomers and which are caused by amyloid fibrils. Thus, no validity of the oligomer hypothesis was available until the Osaka mutation was discovered. This mutation, which was found in a Japanese pedigree of familial Alzheimer’s disease, is the deletion of codon 693 of APP gene, resulting in mutant Aβ lacking the 22nd glutamate. Only homozygous carriers suffer from dementia. In vitro studies revealed that this mutation has a very unique character that accelerates Aβ oligomerization but does not form amyloid fibrils. Model mice expressing this mutation demonstrated that all pathologies of Alzheimer’s disease can be induced by Aβ oligomers alone. In this review, we describe the story behind the discovery of the Osaka mutation, summarize the mutant’s phenotypes, and propose a mechanism of its recessive inheritance.
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33
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Elia CA, Losurdo M, Malosio ML, Coco S. Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exert Pleiotropic Effects on Amyloid-β, Inflammation, and Regeneration: A Spark of Hope for Alzheimer's Disease from Tiny Structures? Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800199. [PMID: 30919493 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
No cure yet exists for devastating Alzheimer's disease (AD), despite many years and humongous efforts to find efficacious pharmacological treatments. So far, neither designing drugs to disaggregate amyloid plaques nor tackling solely inflammation turned out to be decisive. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, in particular, extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from them could be proposed as an alternative, strategic approach to attack the pathology. Indeed, MSC-EVs-owing to their ability to deliver lipids/proteins/enzymes/microRNAs endowed with anti-inflammatory, amyloid-β degrading, and neurotrophic activities-may be exploited as therapeutic tools to restore synaptic function, prevent neuronal death, and slow down memory impairment in AD. Herein the results presented in the most recently published studies on this topic are critically evaluated, providing a strong rationale for possible employment of MSC-EVs in AD. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/tBtDbnlRUhg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara A Elia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milano, 20089, Italy
| | - Morris Losurdo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, NeuroMI-Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Maria L Malosio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milano, 20089, Italy.,CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Via Vanvitelli 32, Milano, 20129, Italy
| | - Silvia Coco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, NeuroMI-Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza, 20900, Italy
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34
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Gutierrez DA, Vargas LM, Chandia-Cristi A, de la Fuente C, Leal N, Alvarez AR. c-Abl Deficiency Provides Synaptic Resiliency Against Aβ-Oligomers. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:526. [PMID: 31849613 PMCID: PMC6902026 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spine pathology has been implicated in the early onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where Aβ-Oligomers (AβOs) cause synaptic dysfunction and loss. Previously, we described that pharmacological inhibition of c-Abl prevents AβOs-induced synaptic alterations. Hence, this kinase seems to be a key element in AD progression. Here, we studied the role of c-Abl on dendritic spine morphological changes induced by AβOs using c-Abl null neurons (c-Abl-KO). First, we characterized the effect of c-Abl deficiency on dendritic spine density and found that its absence increases dendritic spine density. While AβOs-treatment reduces the spine number in both wild-type (WT) and c-Abl-KO neurons, AβOs-driven spine density loss was not affected by c-Abl. We then characterized AβOs-induced morphological changes in dendritic spines of c-Abl-KO neurons. AβOs induced a decrease in the number of mushroom spines in c-Abl-KO neurons while preserving the populations of immature stubby, thin, and filopodia spines. Furthermore, synaptic contacts evaluated by PSD95/Piccolo clustering and cell viability were preserved in AβOs-exposed c-Abl-KO neurons. In conclusion, our results indicate that in the presence of AβOs c-Abl participates in synaptic contact removal, increasing susceptibility to AβOs damage. Its deficiency increases the immature spine population reducing AβOs-induced synapse elimination. Therefore, c-Abl signaling could be a relevant actor in the early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Gutierrez
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Science, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lina M Vargas
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Science, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - América Chandia-Cristi
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Science, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina de la Fuente
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Science, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nancy Leal
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Science, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra R Alvarez
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Science, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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35
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Lee WS, Lee WH, Bae YC, Suk K. Axon Guidance Molecules Guiding Neuroinflammation. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:311-319. [PMID: 31308791 PMCID: PMC6614065 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.3.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon guidance molecules (AGMs), such as Netrins, Semaphorins, and Ephrins, have long been known to regulate axonal growth in the developing nervous system. Interestingly, the chemotactic properties of AGMs are also important in the postnatal period, such as in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. In particular, AGMs play pivotal roles in inflammation of the nervous system, by either stimulating or inhibiting inflammatory responses, depending on specific ligand-receptor combinations. Understanding such regulatory functions of AGMs in neuroinflammation may allow finding new molecular targets to treat neurodegenerative diseases, in which neuroinflammation underlies aetiology and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Suk Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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36
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Effects of the Pentapeptide P33 on Memory and Synaptic Plasticity in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice: A Novel Mechanism Presenting the Protein Fe65 as a Target. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123050. [PMID: 31234498 PMCID: PMC6627374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) leads to the formation of fragments, among which the intracellular domain of APP (AICD) was also identified to be a causative of early pathological events. AICD-counteracting proteins, such as Fe65, may serve as alternative therapeutic targets of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The detection of elevated levels of Fe65 in the brains of both human patients and APP transgenic mice may further strengthen the hypothesis that influencing the interaction between Fe65 and APP may have a beneficial effect on the course of AD. Based on a PXP motif, proven to bind to the WW domain of Fe65, a new pentapeptide was designed and tested. The impedimental effect of P33 on the production of beta amyloid (Aβ) (soluble fraction and aggregated plaques) and on the typical features of the AD pathology (decreased dendritic spine density, synaptic markers, elevated inflammatory reactions) was also demonstrated. Significant enhancements of both learning ability and memory function were observed in a Morris water maze paradigm. The results led us to formulate the theory that P33 acts by altering the conformation of Fe65 via binding to its WW domain, consequently hindering any interactions between Fe65 and key members involved in APP processing.
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37
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Song GJ, Rahman MH, Jha MK, Gupta DP, Park SH, Kim JH, Lee SH, Lee IK, Sim T, Bae YC, Lee WH, Suk K. A Bcr-Abl Inhibitor GNF-2 Attenuates Inflammatory Activation of Glia and Chronic Pain. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:543. [PMID: 31164822 PMCID: PMC6535676 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
GNF-2 is an allosteric inhibitor of Bcr-Abl. It was developed as a new class of anti-cancer drug to treat resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia. Recent studies suggest that c-Abl inhibition would provide a neuroprotective effect in animal models of Parkinson’s disease as well as in clinical trials. However, the role of c-Abl and effects of GNF-2 in glia-mediated neuroinflammation or pain hypersensitivity has not been investigated. Thus, in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that c-Abl inhibition by GNF-2 may attenuate the inflammatory activation of glia and the ensuing pain behaviors in animal models. Our results show that GNF-2 reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in cultured glial cells in a c-Abl-dependent manner. The small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of c-Abl attenuated LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) activation and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in glial cell cultures. Moreover, GNF-2 administration significantly attenuated mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities in experimental models of diabetic and inflammatory pain. Together, our findings suggest the involvement of c-Abl in neuroinflammation and pain pathogenesis and that GNF-2 can be used for the management of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyun Jee Song
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, South Korea.,Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Deepak Prasad Gupta
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Park
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, and VORONOI Inc., Incheon, South Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Taebo Sim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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38
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Jun YW, Cho SW, Jung J, Huh Y, Kim Y, Kim D, Ahn KH. Frontiers in Probing Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers with Fluorescent Small Molecules. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:209-217. [PMID: 30834309 PMCID: PMC6396189 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The pathogenesis of the disease is associated with aggregated amyloid-β, hyperphosphorylated tau, a high level of metal ions, abnormal enzyme activities, and reactive astrocytes. This outlook gives an overview of fluorescent small molecules targeting AD biomarkers for ex vivo and in vivo imaging. These chemical imaging probes are categorized based on the potential biomarkers, and their pros and cons are discussed. Guidelines for designing new sensing strategies as well as the desirable properties to be pursued for AD fluorescence imaging are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woong Jun
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic
of Korea
| | - Seo Won Cho
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic
of Korea
| | - Junyang Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,
College of Medicine, Center for Converging
Humanities, and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee
University, 26 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbuhm Huh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,
College of Medicine, Center for Converging
Humanities, and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee
University, 26 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Integrated
Science and Engineering Division, Department of Pharmacy, and Yonsei
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei
University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
- (Y.K.)
E-mail:
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,
College of Medicine, Center for Converging
Humanities, and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee
University, 26 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- (D.K.) E-mail:
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic
of Korea
- (K.H.A.) E-mail:
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Iron Exposure and the Cellular Mechanisms Linked to Neuron Degeneration in Adult Mice. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020198. [PMID: 30813496 PMCID: PMC6406573 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the causal relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and iron overload remains unclear, iron dyshomeostasis or improper transport mechanisms are speculated to lead to the accumulation of this neurotoxic metal in the hippocampal formation and other cerebral areas related to neurodegenerative diseases, resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, ultimately, cell death. In this study, exposure to high dietary iron (HDI) revealed no significant difference in the number of iron-positive cells and iron content in the cortex and hippocampal region between wild-type (WT) and APP/PS1 mice; however, compared with the control mice, the HDI-treated mice exhibited upregulated divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and ferroportin (Fpn) expression, and downregulated transferrin receptor (TFR) expression. Importantly, we confirmed that there were significantly fewer NeuN-positive neurons in both APP/PS1 and WT mice given HDI, than in the respective controls. Moreover, this iron-induced neuron loss may involve increased ROS and oxidative mitochondria dysfunction, decreased DNA repair, and exacerbated apoptosis and autophagy. Although HDI administration might trigger protective antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, and autophagy signaling, especially in pathological conditions, these data clearly indicate that chronic iron exposure results in neuronal loss due to apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis, hence increasing the risk for developing AD.
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40
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Zhou CC, Gao ZY, Wang J, Wu MQ, Hu S, Chen F, Liu JX, Pan H, Yan CH. Lead exposure induces Alzheimers’s disease (AD)-like pathology and disturbes cholesterol metabolism in the young rat brain. Toxicol Lett 2018; 296:173-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Cellular Receptors of Amyloid β Oligomers (AβOs) in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071884. [PMID: 29954063 PMCID: PMC6073792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects tens of millions of people, comprising not only suffering patients, but also their relatives and caregivers. AD is one of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) characterized by progressive synaptic damage and neuronal loss, which result in gradual cognitive impairment leading to dementia. The cause of AD remains still unresolved, despite being studied for more than a century. The hallmark pathological features of this disease are senile plaques within patients’ brain composed of amyloid beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of Tau protein. However, the roles of Aβ and Tau in AD pathology are being questioned and other causes of AD are postulated. One of the most interesting theories proposed is the causative role of amyloid β oligomers (AβOs) aggregation in the pathogenesis of AD. Moreover, binding of AβOs to cell membranes is probably mediated by certain proteins on the neuronal cell surface acting as AβO receptors. The aim of our paper is to describe alternative hypotheses of AD etiology, including genetic alterations and the role of misfolded proteins, especially Aβ oligomers, in Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, in this review we present various putative cellular AβO receptors related to toxic activity of oligomers.
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