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Xie X, Liao Y, Lin Z, Luo H, Wei G, Huang N, Li Y, Chen J, Su Z, Yu X, Chen L, Liu Y. Patchouli alcohol alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis via inhibiting mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane disruption-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112634. [PMID: 38971107 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a severe metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) characterized by abnormal hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Previous studies have shown that Patchouli alcohol (PA), the primary component of Pogostemonis Herba, can alleviate digestive system diseases. However, its protection against MASH remains unclear. This study explored the protective effects and underlying mechanism of PA against high-fat diet-induced MASH in rats. Results showed that PA considerably reduced body weight, epididymal fat, and liver index and attenuated liver histological injury in MASH rats. PA alleviated hepatic injury by inhibiting steatosis and inflammation. These effects are associated with the improvement of SREBP-1c- and PPARα-mediated lipid metabolism and inhibition of the STING-signaling pathway-mediated inflammatory response. Moreover, PA-inhibited hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, reducing SREBP-1c and STING expressions and enhance PPARα expression. PA treatment had the strongest effect on the regulation of mitogen fusion protein 2 (Mfn2) in inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction. Mfn2 is an important structural protein for binding ERs and mitochondria to form mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). MASH-mediated disruption of MAMs was inhibited after PA treatment-induced Mfn2 activation. Therefore, the pharmacological effect of PA on MASH is mainly attributed to the inhibition of MAM disruption-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation. The findings of this study may have implications for MASH treatment that do not neglect the role of Mfn2-mediated MAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingyi Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zixin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huijuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Guilan Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ning Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yucui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiuting Yu
- Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China; Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China.
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China.
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Sun X, Wu T, Yang Z, Chen S, Zhao Z, Hu C, Wu S, Wu J, Mao Y, Liu J, Guo C, Cao G, Xu X, Huang S, Liang G. Regulatory role of PDK1 via integrated gene analysis of mitochondria-immune response in periodontitis. Gene 2024; 918:148476. [PMID: 38657876 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the association between mitochondrial events and immune response in periodontitis and related regulatory genes. MAIN METHODS Gene expression profiles in gingival tissues were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Mitochondria-immune response-related differentially expressed genes (MIR-DEGs) between the healthy and periodontitis samples were determined. WGCNA, GO, and KEGG were used to investigate the function and the enriched pathways of MIR-DEGs. The correlation between MIR-DEGs expression and clinical probing pocket depth was analyzed. The MIR-DEGs were further identified and verified in animal samples. A periodontitis model was established in C57BL/6 mice with silk ligation. Micro-computed tomography was used to assess alveolar bone loss. Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemical analyses further validated the differential expression of the MIR-DEGs. KEY FINDINGS A total of ten MIR-DEGs (CYP24A1, PRDX4, GLDC, PDK1, BCL2A1, CBR3, ARMCX3, BNIP3, IFI27, and UNG) were identified, the expression of which could effectively distinguish patients with periodontitis from the healthy controls. Enhanced immune response was detected in the periodontitis group with that in the healthy controls, especially in B cells. PDK1 was a critical MIR-DEG correlated with B cell immune response and clinical periodontal probing pocket depth. Both animal and clinical periodontal samples presented higher gene and protein expression of PDK1 than the control samples. Additionally, PDK1 colocalized with B cells in both animal and clinical periodontal tissues. SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria participate in the regulation of the immune response in periodontitis. PDK1 may be the key mitochondria-related gene regulating B-cell immune response in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China; Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Chen
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zheyu Zhao
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaoming Hu
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengzhuang Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiujiang University, 320 Xunyang East Road, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province 332000, China
| | - Yixin Mao
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiefan Liu
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen Guo
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Xiangwei Xu
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China.
| | - Shengbin Huang
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China.
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Chen Y, Gao R, Fang J, Ding S. A review: Polysaccharides targeting mitochondria to improve obesity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134448. [PMID: 39102922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are one of the most important and widely used bioactive components of natural products, which can be used to treat metabolic diseases. Natural polysaccharides (NPs) have been the subject of much study and research in the field of treating obesity in recent years. Studies in the past have demonstrated that mitochondria are important for the initiation, progression, and management of obesity. Additionally, NPs have the ability to improve mitochondrial dysfunction via a variety of mechanisms. This review summarized the relationship between the structure of NPs and their anti-obesity activity, focusing on the anti-obesity effects of these compounds at the mitochondrial level. We discussed the association between the structure and anti-obesity action of NPs, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage, conformation and extraction methods. Furthermore, NPs can demonstrate a range of functions in adipose tissue, including but not limited to improving the mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain, inhibiting oxidative stress, and maintaining mitochondrial mass homeostasis. The purpose of this work is to acquire a thorough understanding of the function that mitochondria play in the anti-obesity effects of NPs and to offer fresh insights for the investigation of how NPs prevent obesity and the creation of natural anti-obesity medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Rong Gao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Sujuan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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Shen X, Yang H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Sun Q. The cellular and molecular targets of natural products against metabolic disorders: a translational approach to reach the bedside. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e664. [PMID: 39049964 PMCID: PMC11266934 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, including obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome, are characterized by insulin resistance, abnormalities in circulating cholesterol and lipid profiles, and hypertension. The most common pathophysiologies of metabolic disorders are glucose/lipid metabolism dysregulation, insulin resistance, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. Although several agents have been approved for the treatment of metabolic disorders, there is still a strong demand for more efficacious drugs with less side effects. Natural products have been critical sources of drug research and discovery for decades. However, the usefulness of bioactive natural products is often limited by incomplete understanding of their direct cellular targets. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the established and emerging molecular mechanisms of metabolic disorders. We further summarize the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of natural products on metabolic disorders, with highlights on their direct cellular targets, which are mainly implicated in the regulation of glucose/lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, metabolic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Finally, this review also covers the clinical studies of natural products in metabolic disorders. These progresses are expected to facilitate the application of these natural products and their derivatives in the development of novel drugs against metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Shen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Hongling Yang
- Department of Nephrology and Institute of NephrologySichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Kidney DiseasesChengduChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduChina
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical GeneticsSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduChina
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduChina
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Parente AD, Bolland DE, Huisinga KL, Provost JJ. Physiology of malate dehydrogenase and how dysregulation leads to disease. Essays Biochem 2024:EBC20230085. [PMID: 38962852 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20230085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is pivotal in mammalian tissue metabolism, participating in various pathways beyond its classical roles and highlighting its adaptability to cellular demands. This enzyme is involved in maintaining redox balance, lipid synthesis, and glutamine metabolism and supports rapidly proliferating cells' energetic and biosynthetic needs. The involvement of MDH in glutamine metabolism underlines its significance in cell physiology. In contrast, its contribution to lipid metabolism highlights its role in essential biosynthetic processes necessary for cell maintenance and proliferation. The enzyme's regulatory mechanisms, such as post-translational modifications, underscore its complexity and importance in metabolic regulation, positioning MDH as a potential target in metabolic dysregulation. Furthermore, the association of MDH with various pathologies, including cancer and neurological disorders, suggests its involvement in disease progression. The overexpression of MDH isoforms MDH1 and MDH2 in cancers like breast, prostate, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, alongside structural modifications, implies their critical role in the metabolic adaptation of tumor cells. Additionally, mutations in MDH2 linked to pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other metabolic diseases emphasize MDH's role in metabolic homeostasis. This review spotlights MDH's potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target, advocating for further research into its multifunctional roles and regulatory mechanisms in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Parente
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mercyhurst University, Erie, PA, U.S.A
| | - Danielle E Bolland
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Morris, Morris, MN 56267, U.S.A
| | - Kathryn L Huisinga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Malone University, Canton, OH 44709, U.S.A
| | - Joseph J Provost
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, U.S.A
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Pérez B, Torre-Villalvazo I, Wilson-Verdugo M, Lau-Corona D, Muciño-Olmos E, Coutiño-Hernández D, Noriega-López L, Resendis-Antonio O, Valdés VJ, Torres N, Tovar AR. Epigenetic reprogramming of H3K4me3 in adipose-derived stem cells by HFS diet consumption leads to a disturbed transcriptomic profile in adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E13-E26. [PMID: 38717362 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00093.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue metabolism is actively involved in the regulation of energy balance. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) play a critical role in maintaining adipose tissue function through their differentiation into mature adipocytes (Ad). This study aimed to investigate the impact of an obesogenic environment on the epigenetic landscape of ASCs and its impact on adipocyte differentiation and its metabolic consequences. Our results showed that ASCs from rats on a high-fat sucrose (HFS) diet displayed reduced adipogenic capacity, increased fat accumulation, and formed larger adipocytes than the control (C) group. Mitochondrial analysis revealed heightened activity in undifferentiated ASC-HFS but decreased respiratory and glycolytic capacity in mature adipocytes. The HFS diet significantly altered the H3K4me3 profile in ASCs on genes related to adipogenesis, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and immunomodulation. After differentiation, adipocytes retained H3K4me3 alterations, confirming the upregulation of genes associated with inflammatory and immunomodulatory pathways. RNA-seq confirmed the upregulation of genes associated with inflammatory and immunomodulatory pathways in adipocytes. Overall, the HFS diet induced significant epigenetic and transcriptomic changes in ASCs, impairing differentiation and causing dysfunctional adipocyte formation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Obesity is associated with the development of chronic diseases like metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, and adipose tissue plays a crucial role. In a rat model, our study reveals how an obesogenic environment primes adipocyte precursor cells, leading to epigenetic changes that affect inflammation, adipogenesis, and mitochondrial activity after differentiation. We highlight the importance of histone modifications, especially the trimethylation of histone H3 to lysine 4 (H3K4me3), showing its influence on adipocyte expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martí Wilson-Verdugo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dana Lau-Corona
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erick Muciño-Olmos
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Biología de Sistemas, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica - Red de Apoyo a la Investigación - Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Coutiño-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lilia Noriega-López
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio
- Laboratorio de Biología de Sistemas, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica - Red de Apoyo a la Investigación - Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor Julián Valdés
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Deshmukh H, Santos JM, Bender M, Dufour JM, Lovett J, Shen CL. Peanut Shell Extract Improves Mitochondrial Function in db/db Mice via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Nutrients 2024; 16:1977. [PMID: 38999726 PMCID: PMC11243022 DOI: 10.3390/nu16131977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows a strong correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. We evaluated the effects of dietary peanut shell extract (PSE) supplementation on mitochondrial function and antioxidative stress/inflammation markers in diabetic mice. Fourteen db/db mice were randomly assigned to a diabetic group (DM in AIN-93G diet) and a PSE group (1% wt/wt PSE in AIN-93G diet) for 5 weeks. Six C57BL/6J mice were fed with an AIN-93G diet for 5 weeks (control group). Gene and protein expression in the liver, brain, and white adipose tissue (WAT) were determined using qRT-PCR and Immunoblot, respectively. Compared to the control group, the DM group had (i) increased gene and protein expression levels of DRP1 (fission), PINK1 (mitophagy), and TNFα (inflammation) and (ii) decreased gene and protein expression levels of MFN1, MFN2, OPA1 (fusion), TFAM, PGC-1α (biogenesis), NRF2 (antioxidative stress) and IBA1 (microglial activation) in the liver, brain, and WAT of db/db mice. Supplementation of PSE into the diet restored the DM-induced changes in the gene and protein expression of DRP1, PINK1, TNFα, MFN1, MFN2, OPA1, TFAM, PGC-1α, NRF2, and IBA1 in the liver, brain, and WAT of db/db mice. This study demonstrates that PSE supplementation improved mitochondrial function in the brain, liver, and WAT of db/db mice, in part due to suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemalata Deshmukh
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (H.D.); (J.M.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Julianna M. Santos
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (H.D.); (J.M.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Matthew Bender
- Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (M.B.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Jannette M. Dufour
- Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (M.B.); (J.M.D.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA
| | - Jacob Lovett
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (H.D.); (J.M.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (H.D.); (J.M.S.); (J.L.)
- Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA
- Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Abbattista R, Feinberg NG, Snodgrass IF, Newman JW, Dandekar AM. Unveiling the "hidden quality" of the walnut pellicle: a precious source of bioactive lipids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1395543. [PMID: 38957599 PMCID: PMC11217525 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1395543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Tree nut consumption has been widely associated with various health benefits, with walnuts, in particular, being linked with improved cardiovascular and neurological health. These benefits have been attributed to walnuts' vast array of phenolic antioxidants and abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, recent studies have revealed unexpected clinical outcomes related to walnut consumption, which cannot be explained simply with the aforementioned molecular hallmarks. With the goal of discovering potential molecular sources of these unexplained clinical outcomes, an exploratory untargeted metabolomics analysis of the isolated walnut pellicle was conducted. This analysis revealed a myriad of unusual lipids, including oxylipins and endocannabinoids. These lipid classes, which are likely present in the pellicle to enhance the seeds' defenses due to their antimicrobial properties, also have known potent bioactivities as mammalian signaling molecules and homeostatic regulators. Given the potential value of this tissue for human health, with respect to its "bioactive" lipid fraction, we sought to quantify the amounts of these compounds in pellicle-enriched waste by-products of mechanized walnut processing in California. An impressive repertoire of these compounds was revealed in these matrices, and in notably significant concentrations. This discovery establishes these low-value agriculture wastes promising candidates for valorization and translation into high-value, health-promoting products; as these molecules represent a potential explanation for the unexpected clinical outcomes of walnut consumption. This "hidden quality" of the walnut pellicle may encourage further consumption of walnuts, and walnut industries may benefit from a revaluation of abundant pellicle-enriched waste streams, leading to increased sustainability and profitability through waste upcycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Abbattista
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Noah G. Feinberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Isabel F. Snodgrass
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John W. Newman
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, United States
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Abhaya M. Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Das S, Mukhuty A, Mullen GP, Rudolph MC. Adipocyte Mitochondria: Deciphering Energetic Functions across Fat Depots in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6681. [PMID: 38928386 PMCID: PMC11203708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, a central player in energy balance, exhibits significant metabolic flexibility that is often compromised in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mitochondrial dysfunction within adipocytes leads to inefficient lipid handling and increased oxidative stress, which together promote systemic metabolic disruptions central to obesity and its complications. This review explores the pivotal role that mitochondria play in altering the metabolic functions of the primary adipocyte types, white, brown, and beige, within the context of obesity and T2D. Specifically, in white adipocytes, these dysfunctions contribute to impaired lipid processing and an increased burden of oxidative stress, worsening metabolic disturbances. Conversely, compromised mitochondrial function undermines their thermogenic capabilities, reducing the capacity for optimal energy expenditure in brown adipocytes. Beige adipocytes uniquely combine the functional properties of white and brown adipocytes, maintaining morphological similarities to white adipocytes while possessing the capability to transform into mitochondria-rich, energy-burning cells under appropriate stimuli. Each type of adipocyte displays unique metabolic characteristics, governed by the mitochondrial dynamics specific to each cell type. These distinct mitochondrial metabolic phenotypes are regulated by specialized networks comprising transcription factors, co-activators, and enzymes, which together ensure the precise control of cellular energy processes. Strong evidence has shown impaired adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism and faulty upstream regulators in a causal relationship with obesity-induced T2D. Targeted interventions aimed at improving mitochondrial function in adipocytes offer a promising therapeutic avenue for enhancing systemic macronutrient oxidation, thereby potentially mitigating obesity. Advances in understanding mitochondrial function within adipocytes underscore a pivotal shift in approach to combating obesity and associated comorbidities. Reigniting the burning of calories in adipose tissues, and other important metabolic organs such as the muscle and liver, is crucial given the extensive role of adipose tissue in energy storage and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehasis Das
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Alpana Mukhuty
- Department of Zoology, Rampurhat College, Rampurhat 731224, India
| | - Gregory P. Mullen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael C. Rudolph
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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10
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Carneiro FS, Katashima CK, Dodge JD, Cintra DE, Pauli JR, Da Silva ASR, Ropelle ER. Tissue-specific roles of mitochondrial unfolded protein response during obesity. Obes Rev 2024:e13791. [PMID: 38880974 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide multifactorial disease caused by an imbalance in energy metabolism, increasing adiposity, weight gain, and promoting related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Recent findings have reported that metabolic stress related to obesity induces a mitochondrial stress response called mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a quality control pathway that occurs in a nuclear DNA-mitochondria crosstalk, causing transduction of chaperones and proteases under stress conditions. The duality of UPRmt signaling, with both beneficial and detrimental effects, acts in different contexts depending on the tissue, cell type, and physiological states, affecting the mitochondrial function and efficiency and the metabolism homeostasis during obesity, which remains not fully clarified. Therefore, this review discusses the most recent findings regarding UPRmt signaling during obesity, bringing an overview of UPRmt across different metabolic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S Carneiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos K Katashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joshua D Dodge
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington (UTA), Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomic, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R Da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Wang P, Yu J, Zhao Y, Simayi R, Shi D. The independent and joint associations of vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid on the risk of mortality in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03448-1. [PMID: 38864864 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the independent and joint associations of vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid (MMA) with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). METHODS We included 6797 individuals with MASLD from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum MMA was measured using gas/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Serum vitamin B12 was measured using commercial kits. The separate and joint associations of dietary intake and serum vitamin B12 (cutoff: 400 pg/mL) and MMA (cutoff: 250 nmol/L) levels with mortality were assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 9.3 years, 1604 deaths were documented, including 438 from CVD and 365 from cancer. In MASLD patients, dietary intake and serum vitamin B12 did not associate with mortality, while MMA was associated with a 1.35-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality (P-trend < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratios for the joint association of vitamin B12 and MMA with all-cause and CVD mortality were 1 in the B12lowMMAlow group (reference), 1.02 (0.87-1.20) and 1.15 (0.90-1.47) in the B12highMMAlow group, 1.55 (1.29-1.86) and 1.84 (1.28-2.65) in the B12lowMMAhigh group, and 1.82 (1.49-2.21) and 2.28 (1.40-3.71) in the B12highMMAhigh group, respectively. The joint association was modified by serum folate (P-interaction = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In MASLD patients, MMA rather than dietary and serum vitamin B12 was positively associated with all-cause mortality. The joint effect of high levels of MMA and vitamin B12 showed the strongest associations with all-cause and CVD mortality, with a significant interaction with serum folate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition Food and Children's Health, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxuan Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rukiya Simayi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Research Centre for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Nutrition Innovation Platform-Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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12
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Rossi MM, Signorini FJ, Castillo TA, Parada MPS, Moser F, Baez MDC. Sleeve Gastrectomy Reduces Oxidative Stress and Reverses Mitochondrial Dysfunction Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. Obes Surg 2024; 34:2042-2053. [PMID: 38653888 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have detected mitochondrial alterations in tissues of individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metabolic surgery could be an effective treatment to improve mitochondrial morphology and reduce oxidative stress (OS). METHODS An experimental study was carried out using 48 male Wistar rats, divided into 6 groups (n = 8): control (C), induced Metabolic Syndrome (MS); intervention with sleeve gastrectomy (SG), MS + SG with 6 weeks postoperatively (MS + SG6), MS + SG with 12 weeks postoperatively (MS + SG12), and MS + SG with 24 weeks postoperatively (MS + SG24). Biochemical markers indicative of MS (glycemia, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels) and oxidative stress markers (nitric oxide levels, Superoxide dismutase and Myeloperoxidase activity) were determined. To study mitochondrial morphology, tissue sections of the thoracic aorta, stomach, liver, heart, and kidney were observed by electron microscopy. RESULTS MS group exhibited elevated glycemic values and dyslipidemia. SG and MS + SG groups showed improvements in glycemia and lipid profiles compared to MS. OS biomarkers indicated reduced oxidative stress in SG and MS + SG groups compared to MS. Electron microscopy revealed mitochondrial alterations in MS. SG group showed no changes compared to the control. MS + SG6 and MS + SG12 groups showed a recovery of mitochondrial morphology until reaching images similar to the control in MS + SG24. CONCLUSION Metabolic surgery could improve mitochondrial function by restoring mitochondrial morphology and architecture and, consequently, reducing systemic oxidative stress and remitting associated metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela M Rossi
- Biomedical Physics Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, Córdoba Capital, Argentina.
- General Surgery Department, Bariatric Surgery Program, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Av. Naciones Unidas 346, Córdoba Capital, Argentina.
| | - Franco J Signorini
- Biomedical Physics Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, Córdoba Capital, Argentina
- General Surgery Department, Bariatric Surgery Program, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Av. Naciones Unidas 346, Córdoba Capital, Argentina
| | - Tomas A Castillo
- Biomedical Physics Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, Córdoba Capital, Argentina
| | - María P Scribano Parada
- Biomedical Physics Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, Córdoba Capital, Argentina
| | - Federico Moser
- General Surgery Department, Bariatric Surgery Program, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Av. Naciones Unidas 346, Córdoba Capital, Argentina
| | - Maria dC Baez
- Biomedical Physics Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, Córdoba Capital, Argentina
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13
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Kleis-Olsen AS, Farlov JE, Petersen EA, Schmücker M, Flensted-Jensen M, Blom I, Ingersen A, Hansen M, Helge JW, Dela F, Larsen S. Metabolic flexibility in postmenopausal women: Hormone replacement therapy is associated with higher mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, and lower total fat mass. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14117. [PMID: 38404156 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate effects of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women on factors associated with metabolic flexibility related to whole-body parameters including fat oxidation, resting energy expenditure, body composition and plasma concentrations of fatty acids, glucose, insulin, cortisol, and lipids, and for the mitochondrial level, including mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, efficiency, and hydrogen peroxide emission. METHODS 22 postmenopausal women were included. 11 were undergoing estradiol and progestin treatment (HT), and 11 were matched non-treated controls (CONT). Peak oxygen consumption, maximal fat oxidation, glycated hemoglobin, body composition, and resting energy expenditure were measured. Blood samples were collected at rest and during 45 min of ergometer exercise (65% VO2peak). Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and immediately post-exercise. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity, efficiency, and hydrogen peroxide emission in permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria were measured, and citrate synthase (CS) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) activity were assessed. RESULTS HT showed higher absolute mitochondrial respiratory capacity and post-exercise hydrogen peroxide emission in permeabilized fibers and higher CS and HAD activities. All respiration normalized to CS activity showed no significant group differences in permeabilized fibers or isolated mitochondria. There were no differences in resting energy expenditure, maximal, and resting fat oxidation or plasma markers. HT had significantly lower visceral and total fat mass compared to CONT. CONCLUSION Use of hormone therapy is associated with higher mitochondrial content and respiratory capacity and a lower visceral and total fat mass. Resting energy expenditure and fat oxidation did not differ between HT and CONT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kleis-Olsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J E Farlov
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E A Petersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Schmücker
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Flensted-Jensen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Blom
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Ingersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - J W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - S Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Lin H, Zhong Z, Zhang C, Jin X, Qi X, Lian J. An inverse association of dietary choline with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among US adults: a cross-sectional NHANES analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1460. [PMID: 38822299 PMCID: PMC11141004 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of diet choline in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is uncertain. Findings from animal experiments are contradictory while there is a lack of clinical investigations. This study aimed to investigate the association between choline intake and ASCVD based on individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 5525 individuals from the NHANES between 2011 and 2018. Participants were categorized into the ASCVD (n = 5015) and non-ASCVD (n = 510) groups. Univariable and multivariable-adjusted regression analyses were employed to investigate the relationship between diet choline and pertinent covariates. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to evaluate the association between choline intake and ASCVD. RESULTS ASCVD participants had higher choline intake compared to those without ASCVD. In the higher tertiles of choline intake, there was a greater proportion of males, married individuals, highly educated individuals, and those with increased physical activity, but a lower proportion of smokers and drinkers. In the higher tertiles of choline intake, a lower proportion of individuals had a history of congestive heart failure and stroke. After adjusting for age, gender, race, ethnicity, and physical activity, an inverse association between choline intake and heart disease, stroke, and ASCVD was found. A restricted cubic spline analysis showed a mirrored J-shaped relationship between choline and ASCVD, stroke and congestive heart failure in males. There was no association between dietary choline and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION An inverse association was observed between choline intake and ASVCD among U.S. adults. Further large longitudinal studies are needed to test the causal relationship of choline and ASVCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University Health Science Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Zuoquan Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Chuanjin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University Health Science Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University Health Science Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xuchen Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China.
| | - Jiangfang Lian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University Health Science Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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15
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Kobroob A, Kumfu S, Chattipakorn N, Wongmekiat O. Modulation of Sirtuin 3 by N-Acetylcysteine Preserves Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Restores Bisphenol A-Induced Kidney Damage in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4935-4950. [PMID: 38785564 PMCID: PMC11119914 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and high-fat diets (HFD) are known to adversely affect the kidneys. However, the combined effects of both cases on kidney health and the potential benefits of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in mitigating these effects have not been investigated. To explore these aspects, male Wistar rats were fed with HFD and allocated to receive a vehicle or BPA. At week twelve, the BPA-exposed rats were subdivided to receive a vehicle or NAC along with BPA until week sixteen. Rats fed HFD and exposed to BPA showed renal dysfunction and structural abnormalities, oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, with alterations in key proteins related to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), bioenergetics, oxidative balance, dynamics, apoptosis, and inflammation. Treatment with NAC for 4 weeks significantly improved these conditions. The findings suggest that NAC is beneficial in protecting renal deterioration brought on by prolonged exposure to BPA in combination with HFD, and modulation of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) signaling by NAC appears to play a key role in the preservation of homeostasis and integrity within the mitochondria by enhancing OXPHOS activity, maintaining redox balance, and reducing inflammation. This study provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for preserving kidney health in the face of environmental and dietary challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anongporn Kobroob
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | - Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (N.C.)
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (N.C.)
| | - Orawan Wongmekiat
- Integrative Renal Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Zong Y, Li H, Liao P, Chen L, Pan Y, Zheng Y, Zhang C, Liu D, Zheng M, Gao J. Mitochondrial dysfunction: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:124. [PMID: 38744846 PMCID: PMC11094169 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, with their intricate networks of functions and information processing, are pivotal in both health regulation and disease progression. Particularly, mitochondrial dysfunctions are identified in many common pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. However, the multifaceted nature and elusive phenotypic threshold of mitochondrial dysfunction complicate our understanding of their contributions to diseases. Nonetheless, these complexities do not prevent mitochondria from being among the most important therapeutic targets. In recent years, strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction have continuously emerged and transitioned to clinical trials. Advanced intervention such as using healthy mitochondria to replenish or replace damaged mitochondria, has shown promise in preclinical trials of various diseases. Mitochondrial components, including mtDNA, mitochondria-located microRNA, and associated proteins can be potential therapeutic agents to augment mitochondrial function in immunometabolic diseases and tissue injuries. Here, we review current knowledge of mitochondrial pathophysiology in concrete examples of common diseases. We also summarize current strategies to treat mitochondrial dysfunction from the perspective of dietary supplements and targeted therapies, as well as the clinical translational situation of related pharmacology agents. Finally, this review discusses the innovations and potential applications of mitochondrial transplantation as an advanced and promising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yao Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yongqiang Zheng
- Sixth People's Hospital Fujian, No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Yan Y, Zhang W, Wang Y, Yi C, Yu B, Pang X, Li K, Li H, Dai Y. Crosstalk between intestinal flora and human iron metabolism: the role in metabolic syndrome-related comorbidities and its potential clinical application. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127667. [PMID: 38442456 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The interaction of iron and intestinal flora, both of which play crucial roles in many physiologic processes, is involved in the development of Metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is a pathologic condition represented by insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. MetS-related comorbidities including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, metabolism-related fatty liver (MAFLD), hypertension polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and so forth. In this review, we examine the interplay between intestinal flora and human iron metabolism and its underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of MetS-related comorbidities. The composition and metabolites of intestinal flora regulate the level of human iron by modulating intestinal iron absorption, the factors associated with iron metabolism. On the other hand, the iron level also affects the abundance, composition, and metabolism of intestinal flora. The crosstalk between these factors is of significant importance in human metabolism and exerts varying degrees of influence on the manifestation and progression of MetS-related comorbidities. The findings derived from these studies can enhance our comprehension of the interplay between intestinal flora and iron metabolism, and open up novel potential therapeutic approaches toward MetS-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenlan Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chunmei Yi
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kunyang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - HuHu Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Yongna Dai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Zheng Q, Wang F, Nie C, Zhang K, Sun Y, Al-Ansi W, Wu Q, Wang L, Du J, Li Y. Elevating the significance of legume intake: A novel strategy to counter aging-related mitochondrial dysfunction and physical decline. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13342. [PMID: 38634173 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction increasingly becomes a target for promoting healthy aging and longevity. The dysfunction of mitochondria with age ultimately leads to a decline in physical functions. Among them, biogenesis dysfunction and the imbalances in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria as signaling organelles in the aging process have aroused our attention. Dietary intervention in mitochondrial dysfunction and physical decline during aging processes is essential, and greater attention should be directed toward healthful legume intake. Legumes are constantly under investigation for their nutritional and bioactive properties, and their consumption may yield antiaging and mitochondria-protecting benefits. This review summarizes mitochondrial dysfunction with age, discusses the benefits of legumes on mitochondrial function, and introduces the potential role of legumes in managing aging-related physical decline. Additionally, it reveals the benefits of legume intake for the elderly and offers a viable approach to developing legume-based functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenzhipeng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kuiliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Waleed Al-Ansi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiming Wu
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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19
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Zhang TC, Lin YC, Sun NN, Liu S, Hu WZ, Zhao Y, Dong XH, He XP. Icariin, astragaloside a and puerarin mixture attenuates cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice via inhibition of ferroptosis-lipid peroxidation. Neurochem Int 2024; 175:105705. [PMID: 38412923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that seriously threatens the quality of life of the elderly. Its pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. Ferroptosis, a cell death caused by excessive accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Uncontrolled lipid peroxidation is the core process of ferroptosis, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation of ferroptosis may be an important therapeutic target for AD. Based on previous studies, we mixed standards of icariin, astragaloside IV, and puerarin, named the standard mixture YHG, and investigated the effect of YHG on ferroptosis -lipid peroxidation in APP/PS1 mice. DFX, a ferroptosis inhibitor, was used as a control drug. In this study, APP/PS1 mice were used as an AD animal model, and behavioral experiments, iron level detection, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, lipid peroxidation level detection, antioxidant capacity detection, immunofluorescence, Western blot and real-time qPCR were performed. It was found that YHG could reduce body weight, significantly improve abnormal behaviors and the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons in APP/PS1 mice. The results of biochemical tests showed that YHG reduced the contents of iron, malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxide (LPO) in brain tissue and serum, and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Immunofluorescence, WesternBlot and real-time qPCR results showed that YHG could promote the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2) and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4). Inhibited the expression of long-chain acyllipid coenzyme a synthetase 4(ACSL4) and lysophosphatidyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3). This study suggests that the mechanism by which YHG improves cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis-lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ci Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-cerebrovasc, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Yi-Can Lin
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-cerebrovasc, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Ning-Ning Sun
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-cerebrovasc, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-cerebrovasc, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Hu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-cerebrovasc, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-cerebrovasc, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Xian-Hui Dong
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-cerebrovasc, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping He
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-cerebrovasc, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
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Liu J, Li Y, Peng LQ, Gao Y, Shi K, Qian WL, Yan WF, Yang ZG. Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on Left Atrial and Left Ventricular Deformation and Atrioventricular Interactions in Patients With Myocardial Infarction. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38682602 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with worse prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, it is unclear how MetS in MI patients is associated with left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) deformation. PURPOSE To determine the effect of MetS on LA and LV deformation and atrioventricular interactions in MI patients. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION One hundred eighty-one MI patients (73 MetS+ and 108 MetS-), 107 age- and sex-matched controls (49 MetS+ and 58 MetS-). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T/balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP)/segmented phase-sensitive inversion recovery SSFP sequence. ASSESSMENT LA strain and strain rates (reservoir, conduit, and active), left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI), and LV geometry and radial, circumferential and longitudinal global peak strains (PS) were compared among groups. STATISTICAL TESTS Two-way analysis of variance, Spearman and Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multivariable linear regression analysis. P value <0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS Compared with controls, the MI patients with or without MetS showed impaired LA function (reservoir, conduit, and active) and LV deformation (radial, circumferential, and longitudinal PS) and higher LACI. The MetS+ group had lower LA reservoir and conduit function and LV deformation than MetS- group. The MetS-MI interaction was not statistically significant. Furthermore, multivariable linear regression showed that MetS was independently associated with LA and LV deformation (β = -0.181 to -0.209) in MI patients; LA function was independently associated with LV circumferential PS (β = 0.230 to 0.394) and longitudinal PS (β = 0.189 to 0.420), and LA passive strain and strain rate were negatively associated with LV mass (β = -0.178 and -0.298). DATA CONCLUSION MetS may be associated with the LA and LV dysfunction in MI patients. Impaired LV deformation and LV hypertrophy are independently associated with LA dysfunction in MI patients, and the MI patients have higher LACI than controls, suggesting atrioventricular interaction alterations. EVIDENCE LEVEL 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Qing Peng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Lei Qian
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Feng Yan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Fleishman JS, Kumar S. Bile acid metabolism and signaling in health and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:97. [PMID: 38664391 PMCID: PMC11045871 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids, once considered mere dietary surfactants, now emerge as critical modulators of macronutrient (lipid, carbohydrate, protein) metabolism and the systemic pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance. Bile acid metabolism and signaling pathways play a crucial role in protecting against, or if aberrant, inducing cardiometabolic, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions, strongly influencing health and disease. No curative treatment exists for any bile acid influenced disease, while the most promising and well-developed bile acid therapeutic was recently rejected by the FDA. Here, we provide a bottom-up approach on bile acids, mechanistically explaining their biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology at canonical and non-canonical receptors. Using this mechanistic model of bile acids, we explain how abnormal bile acid physiology drives disease pathogenesis, emphasizing how ceramide synthesis may serve as a unifying pathogenic feature for cardiometabolic diseases. We provide an in-depth summary on pre-existing bile acid receptor modulators, explain their shortcomings, and propose solutions for how they may be remedied. Lastly, we rationalize novel targets for further translational drug discovery and provide future perspectives. Rather than dismissing bile acid therapeutics due to recent setbacks, we believe that there is immense clinical potential and a high likelihood for the future success of bile acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Fleishman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
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22
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Guo Y, Zhang L, Li M, Lin L, Xue F, Gao W, Xu X, Huang H. Metabolomics of Mice with Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Treated by Acupuncture. Int J Endocrinol 2024; 2024:5568337. [PMID: 38633528 PMCID: PMC11023731 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5568337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To investigate the effects of acupuncture on endogenous metabolites in the liver of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice-based metabolomics. Methods Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis and univariate analysis were used to analyze the changes of endogenous metabolites in the liver of mice in each group and to provide new clinical ideas for acupuncture in the treatment of glycolipid metabolism disorders caused by T2DM and NAFLD. Results After 4 weeks of continuous treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin (INS), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) decreased significantly in mice in the acupuncture treatment group (ATG), and the content of liver glycogen increased significantly. Based on 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis, a total of 47 metabolites were identified in the liver of T2DM with NAFLD mice, of which eight metabolites: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, adenosine, glutamate, isoleucine, ATP, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, NADP+, and leucine were significantly altered by acupuncture treatment. Through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, it is found that acupuncture has an intervention effect on five metabolic pathways, mainly involving amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress. Conclusion Our study shows that acupuncture can regulate the liver metabolism mode of T2DM in NAFLD mice. It can reduce blood glucose and lipid accumulation in the liver, and these findings provide a new idea and theoretical basis for acupuncture in the treatment of diseases related to glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Guo
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Linan Lin
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Fuyu Xue
- Acupuncture and Massage Treatment Center, The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Wanning Gao
- Encephalopathy Center, The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoru Xu
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Haipeng Huang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
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23
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Chen M, Zhu Z, Wu S, Huang A, Xie Z, Cai J, Huang R, Yu S, Liu M, Zhang J, Tse Y, Wu Q, Wang J, Ding Y. SKN-1 is indispensable for protection against Aβ-induced proteotoxicity by a selenopeptide derived from Cordyceps militaris. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103065. [PMID: 38340636 PMCID: PMC10869277 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and disruption of proteostasis caused by aggregated proteins are the primary causes of cell death in various diseases. Selenopeptides have shown the potential to control OS and alleviate inflammatory damage, suggesting promising therapeutic applications. However, their potential function in inhibiting proteotoxicity is not yet fully understood. To address this gap in knowledge, this study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of the selenopeptide VPRKL(Se)M on amyloid β protein (Aβ) toxicity in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. The results revealed that supplementation with VPRKL(Se)M can alleviate Aβ-induced toxic effects in the transgenic C. elegans model. Moreover, the addition of VPRKL(Se)M inhibited the Aβ aggregates formation, reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and ameliorated the overall proteostasis. Importantly, we found that the inhibitory effects of VPRKL(Se)M on Aβ toxicity and activation of the unfolded protein are dependent on skinhead-1 (SKN-1). These findings suggested that VPRKL(Se)M is a potential bioactive agent for modulating SKN-1, which subsequently improves proteostasis and reduces OS. Collectively, the findings from the current study suggests VPRKL(Se)M may play a critical role in preventing protein disorder and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shujian Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Aohuan Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Zhiqing Xie
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Shubo Yu
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yuchung Tse
- Core Research Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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24
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Pan S, Yang L, Zhong W, Wang H, Lan Y, Chen Q, Yu S, Yang F, Yan P, Peng H, Liu X, Gao X, Song J. Integrated analyses revealed the potential role and immune link of mitochondrial dysfunction between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111796. [PMID: 38452412 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
There is a reciprocal comorbid relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) could be the key driver underlying this comorbidity. The aim of this study is to provide novel understandings into the potential molecular mechanisms between MD and the comorbidity, and identify potential therapeutic targets for personalized clinical management. MD-related differentially expressed genes (MDDEGs) were identified. Enrichment analyses and PPI network analysis were then conducted. Six algorithms were used to explore the hub MDDEGs, and these were validated by ROC analysis and qRT-PCR. Co-expression and potential drug targeting analyses were then performed. Potential biomarkers were identified using LASSO regression. The immunocyte infiltration levels in periodontitis and T2DM were evaluated via CIBERSORTx and validated in mouse models. Subsequently, MD-related immune-related genes (MDIRGs) were screened by WGCNA. The in vitro experiment verified that MD was closely associated with this comorbidity. GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that the connection between periodontitis and T2DM was mainly enriched in immuno-inflammatory pathways. In total, 116 MDDEGs, eight hub MDDEGs, and two biomarkers were identified. qRT-PCR revealed a distinct hub MDDEG expression pattern in the comorbidity group. Altered immunocytes in disease samples were identified, and their correlations were explored. The in vivo examination revealed higher infiltration levels of inflammatory immunocytes. The findings of this study provide insight into the mechanism underlying the gene-mitochondria-immunocyte network and provide a novel reference for future research into the function of mitochondria in periodontitis and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Pan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - LanXin Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Wenjie Zhong
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - He Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Yuyan Lan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Qiyue Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Simin Yu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Fengze Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Pingping Yan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Houli Peng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
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25
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Duft RG, Bonfante ILP, Palma-Duran SA, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Griffin JL, Cavaglieri CR. Moderate-Intensity Combined Training Induces Lipidomic Changes in Individuals with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae177. [PMID: 38488044 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alterations in the lipid metabolism are linked to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance (IR), obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Regular exercise, particularly combined training (CT), is a well-known non-pharmacological treatment that combines aerobic (AT) and resistance (RT) training benefits. However, it is unclear whether moderate-intensity exercise without dietary intervention induces changes in lipid metabolism to promote a 'healthy lipidome'. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the effect of 16 weeks of CT on plasma and white adipose tissue in both sexes, middle-aged subjects with normal weight, obesity and T2D using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) untargeted lipidomics approach. METHODS Body composition, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max), strength, and biochemical markers were evaluated before and after the control/training period and correlated with lipid changes. CT consisted of 8 to 10 RT exercises, followed by 35 min of AT (45 -70% VO2 max), 3 times a week for 16 weeks. RESULTS The CT significantly reduced the levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid side-chains (SFA/MUFA) in sphingolipids, glycerolipids (GL) and glycerophospholipids (GP) as well as reducing fat mass, circumferences and IR. Increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in GPs, and GLs were also observed, along with increased fat-free mass, VO2 max, and strength (all p < 0.05) after training. CONCLUSION Our study stated that 16 weeks of moderate-intensity CT remodelled the lipid metabolism in OB, and T2D individuals, even without dietary intervention, establishing a link between exercise-modulated lipid markers and mechanisms that reduce IR and obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Garbellini Duft
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Av. Érico Veríssimo, 701 - Barão Geraldo, Campinas - SP, 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Rd W, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ivan Luiz Padilha Bonfante
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Av. Érico Veríssimo, 701 - Barão Geraldo, Campinas - SP, 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susana Alejandra Palma-Duran
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Food Science, Research Centre in Food and Development A.C., Hermosillo, 83304, Mexico
| | - Mara Patrícia Traina Chacon-Mikahil
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Av. Érico Veríssimo, 701 - Barão Geraldo, Campinas - SP, 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julian Leether Griffin
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Rd W, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Av. Érico Veríssimo, 701 - Barão Geraldo, Campinas - SP, 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Razbek J, Bao L, Zhang Y, Daken M, Cao M. Causal association study of the dynamic development of the metabolic syndrome based on longitudinal data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5448. [PMID: 38443462 PMCID: PMC10914715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The dynamic progression of metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes developmental deterioration and reverse recovery; however, the key factors in this bidirectional progression have not been identified. Our study aimed to use the data obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and construct a Bayesian network to explore the causal relationship between influential factor and the development and recovery of MetS. Followed up at 4 years, forward progression of MetS occurred in 1543 and reverse recovery of MetS occurred in 1319 of 5581 subjects. Bayesian Networks showed that hyperuricemia and body mass index (BMI) levels directly influenced progression of MetS, and gender, exercise and age play an indirect role through hyperuricemia and BMI levels; high hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and BMI levels directly influenced recovery of MetS, and gender and exercise play an indirect role through BMI levels. Bayesian Network inference found that the rate of progression of MetS in subjects with hyperuricemia increases from 36 to 60%, the rate of progression of MetS in subjects with overweight or obese increases from 36 to 41% and the rate of reverse recovery rate of MetS in subjects with high HbA1c decreased from 33 to 20%. Therefore, attention to individuals at high risk of hyperuricemia, high HbA1c levels, and overweight/obesity should be enhanced, with early detection and following healthy behavioral interventions to prevent, control and delay the progression of MetS and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaina Razbek
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Liangliang Bao
- Department of Postgraduate Management Section, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mayisha Daken
- Department of Epidemic Prevention, Karamay Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Karamay, China
| | - Mingqin Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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Hartsoe P, Holguin F, Chu HW. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Metabolic Reprogramming in Obesity and Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2944. [PMID: 38474191 PMCID: PMC10931700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming have been extensively studied in many disorders ranging from cardiovascular to neurodegenerative disease. Obesity has previously been associated with mitochondrial fragmentation, dysregulated glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as increased reactive oxygen species production. Current treatments focus on reducing cellular stress to restore homeostasis through the use of antioxidants or alterations of mitochondrial dynamics. This review focuses on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity particularly for those suffering from asthma and examines mitochondrial transfer from mesenchymal stem cells to restore function as a potential therapy. Mitochondrial targeted therapy to restore healthy metabolism may provide a unique approach to alleviate dysregulation in individuals with this unique endotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Hartsoe
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80222, USA
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80222, USA
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28
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Li S, Wan J, Peng Z, Huang Q, He B. New insights of DsbA-L in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04964-8. [PMID: 38430301 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are abnormal conditions that result from disturbances of metabolism. With the improvement of living conditions, the morbidity and mortality rates of metabolic diseases are steadily rising, posing a significant threat to human health worldwide. Therefore, identifying novel effective targets for metabolic diseases is crucial. Accumulating evidence has indicated that disulfide bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) delays the development of metabolic diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of DsbA-L in metabolic diseases remain unclear. In this review, we will discuss the roles of DsbA-L in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and NAFLD, and highlight the potential mechanisms. These findings suggest that DsbA-L might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jinfa Wan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhenyu Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Baimei He
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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29
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Alemany M. The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2251. [PMID: 38396928 PMCID: PMC10888680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy of associated diseases/disorders, or just a syndrome of related but rather independent pathologies. The human nature of MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with human action and evolution) is presented and discussed. The text also describes the close interdependence of its components, with special emphasis on the description of their interrelations (including their syndromic development and recruitment), as well as their consequences upon energy handling and partition. The main theories on MS's origin and development are presented in relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but encompass most of the MS components described so far. The differential effects of sex and its biological consequences are considered under the light of human social needs and evolution, which are also directly related to MS epidemiology, severity, and relations with senescence. The triggering and maintenance factors of MS are discussed, with especial emphasis on inflammation, a complex process affecting different levels of organization and which is a critical element for MS development. Inflammation is also related to the operation of connective tissue (including the adipose organ) and the widely studied and acknowledged influence of diet. The role of diet composition, including the transcendence of the anaplerotic maintenance of the Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and its timing), is developed in the context of testosterone and β-estradiol control of the insulin-glycaemia hepatic core system of carbohydrate-triacylglycerol energy handling. The high probability of MS acting as a unique complex biological control system (essentially monophyletic) is presented, together with additional perspectives/considerations on the treatment of this 'very' human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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30
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Choudhury C, Gill MK, McAleese CE, Butcher NJ, Ngo ST, Steyn FJ, Minchin RF. The Arylamine N-Acetyltransferases as Therapeutic Targets in Metabolic Diseases Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:300-320. [PMID: 38351074 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, there are two arylamine N-acetyltransferase genes that encode functional enzymes (NAT1 and NAT2) as well as one pseudogene, all of which are located together on chromosome 8. Although they were first identified by their role in the acetylation of drugs and other xenobiotics, recent studies have shown strong associations for both enzymes in a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. There is growing evidence that this association may be causal. Consistently, NAT1 and NAT2 are shown to be required for healthy mitochondria. This review discusses the current literature on the role of both NAT1 and NAT2 in mitochondrial bioenergetics. It will attempt to relate our understanding of the evolution of the two genes with biologic function and then present evidence that several major metabolic diseases are influenced by NAT1 and NAT2. Finally, it will discuss current and future approaches to inhibit or enhance NAT1 and NAT2 activity/expression using small-molecule drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) NAT1 and NAT2 share common features in their associations with mitochondrial bioenergetics. This review discusses mitochondrial function as it relates to health and disease, and the importance of NAT in mitochondrial function and dysfunction. It also compares NAT1 and NAT2 to highlight their functional similarities and differences. Both NAT1 and NAT2 are potential drug targets for diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Choudhury
- School of Biomedical Sciences (C.C., M.K.G., C.E.M., N.J.B., F.J.S., R.F.M.) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (S.T.N.), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melinder K Gill
- School of Biomedical Sciences (C.C., M.K.G., C.E.M., N.J.B., F.J.S., R.F.M.) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (S.T.N.), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Courtney E McAleese
- School of Biomedical Sciences (C.C., M.K.G., C.E.M., N.J.B., F.J.S., R.F.M.) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (S.T.N.), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Neville J Butcher
- School of Biomedical Sciences (C.C., M.K.G., C.E.M., N.J.B., F.J.S., R.F.M.) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (S.T.N.), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shyuan T Ngo
- School of Biomedical Sciences (C.C., M.K.G., C.E.M., N.J.B., F.J.S., R.F.M.) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (S.T.N.), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- School of Biomedical Sciences (C.C., M.K.G., C.E.M., N.J.B., F.J.S., R.F.M.) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (S.T.N.), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rodney F Minchin
- School of Biomedical Sciences (C.C., M.K.G., C.E.M., N.J.B., F.J.S., R.F.M.) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (S.T.N.), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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31
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Tsuzuki T, Negishi T, Yukawa K. Effects of diallyl disulfide administration on insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice. Nutrition 2024; 118:112292. [PMID: 38042045 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a natural organosulfur compound found in garlic and related plants with various pharmacologic effects. However, whether DADS improves obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR) and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DADS on systemic IR in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. METHODS To induce obesity, 8-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (60% fat/kcal). The mice were assigned to three weight-matched groups: control (CON, n = 8), low-dose DADS (DADS-L, n = 8), and high-dose DADS (DADS-H, n = 9). The treated mice were orally administered DADS (25 or 100 mg/kg) 5 d/wk for 8 wk. At 15 wk of age, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed. Twenty-four hours after the final administration of DADS, epididymal fat and the liver were sampled after a 5-h fast. RESULTS DADS administration significantly attenuated body and fat weight gains during the experimental period. Additionally, systemic IR, as evaluated by ITT, was significantly improved by DADS administration in a dose-dependent manner. High-dose DADS administration significantly decreased liver triacylglycerol levels. Moreover, high-dose DADS administration decreased the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and significantly increased heat shock protein 72 expression in the liver. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggested that DADS administration alleviated systemic IR in obese mice. This may be associated with decreased hepatic fat accumulation and a heat shock protein 72-mediated decrease in JNK activity in the liver.
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Zhao N, Yu X, Zhu X, Song Y, Gao F, Yu B, Qu A. Diabetes Mellitus to Accelerated Atherosclerosis: Shared Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:133-152. [PMID: 38091232 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the critical independent risk factors for the progression of cardiovascular disease, and the underlying mechanism regarding this association remains poorly understood. Hence, it is urgent to decipher the fundamental pathophysiology and consequently provide new insights into the identification of innovative therapeutic targets for diabetic atherosclerosis. It is now appreciated that different cell types are heavily involved in the progress of diabetic atherosclerosis, including endothelial cells, macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, dependence on altered metabolic pathways, intracellular lipids, and high glucose. Additionally, extensive studies have elucidated that diabetes accelerates the odds of atherosclerosis with the explanation that these two chronic disorders share some common mechanisms, such as endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. In this review, we initially summarize the current research and proposed mechanisms and then highlight the role of these three cell types in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis and finally establish the mechanism pinpointing the relationship between diabetes and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmen Outer West 1st Street, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaoting Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmen Outer West 1st Street, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xinxin Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmen Outer West 1st Street, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yanting Song
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Baoqi Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmen Outer West 1st Street, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmen Outer West 1st Street, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100069, China.
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33
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Yang X, Xue C, Chen K, Gao D, Wang H, Tang C. Characteristics of elderly diabetes patients: focus on clinical manifestation, pathogenic mechanism, and the role of traditional Chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1339744. [PMID: 38273819 PMCID: PMC10808572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1339744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has become a major public health issue globally, putting an enormous burden on global health systems and people. Among all diseased groups, a considerable part of patients are elderly, while their clinical features, pathogenic processes, and medication regimens are different from patients of other ages. Despite the availability of multiple therapies and techniques, there are still numerous elderly diabetes patients suffering from poor blood glucose control, severe complications, and drug adverse effects, which negatively affect the quality of life in their golden years. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the treatment of diabetes for several decades, and its relevant clinical practice has confirmed that it has a satisfactory effect on alleviating clinical symptoms and mitigating the progression of complications. Chinese herbal medicine and its active components were used widely with obvious clinical advantages by multiple targets and signaling pathways. However, due to the particular features of elderly diabetes, few studies were conducted to explore Traditional Chinese Medicine intervention on elderly diabetic patients. This study reviews the research on clinical features, pathogenic processes, treatment principles, and TCM treatments, hoping to provide fresh perspectives on the prevention and management strategies for elderly diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chongxiang Xue
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keyu Chen
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyang Gao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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34
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Raza S, Rajak S, Singh R, Zhou J, Sinha RA, Goel A. Cell-type specific role of autophagy in the liver and its implications in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:1272-1283. [PMID: 38192406 PMCID: PMC7615497 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i12.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a cellular degradative process, has emerged as a key regulator of cellular energy production and stress mitigation. Dysregulated autophagy is a common phenomenon observed in several human diseases, and its restoration offers curative advantage. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), more recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, is a major metabolic liver disease affecting almost 30% of the world population. Unfortunately, NAFLD has no pharmacological therapies available to date. Autophagy regulates several hepatic processes including lipid metabolism, inflammation, cellular integrity and cellular plasticity in both parenchymal (hepatocytes) and non-parenchymal cells (Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells) with a profound impact on NAFLD progression. Understanding cell type-specific autophagy in the liver is essential in order to develop targeted treatments for liver diseases such as NAFLD. Modulating autophagy in specific cell types can have varying effects on liver function and pathology, making it a promising area of research for liver-related disorders. This review aims to summarize our present understanding of cell-type specific effects of autophagy and their implications in developing autophagy centric therapies for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Raza
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Sangam Rajak
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Rajani Singh
- Department of Hepatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Jin Zhou
- CVMD, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Amit Goel
- Department of Hepatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226014, India.
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Zeng G, Xu X, Kok YJ, Deng FS, Ling Chow EW, Gao J, Bi X, Wang Y. Cytochrome c regulates hyphal morphogenesis by interfering with cAMP-PKA signaling in Candida albicans. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113473. [PMID: 37980562 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, invasive hyphal growth is a well-recognized virulence trait. We employed transposon-mediated genome-wide mutagenesis, revealing that inactivating CTM1 blocks hyphal growth. CTM1 encodes a lysine (K) methyltransferase, which trimethylates cytochrome c (Cyc1) at K79. Mutants lacking CTM1 or expressing cyc1K79A grow as yeast under hyphae-inducing conditions, indicating that unmethylated Cyc1 suppresses hyphal growth. Transcriptomic analyses detected increased levels of the hyphal repressor NRG1 and decreased levels of hyphae-specific genes in ctm1Δ/Δ and cyc1K79A mutants, suggesting cyclic AMP (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling suppression. Co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that unmethylated Cyc1 inhibits PKA kinase activity. Surprisingly, hyphae-defective ctm1Δ/Δ and cyc1K79A mutants remain virulent in mice due to accelerated proliferation. Our results unveil a critical role for cytochrome c in maintaining the virulence of C. albicans by orchestrating proliferation, growth mode, and metabolism. Importantly, this study identifies a biological function for lysine methylation on cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guisheng Zeng
- A(∗)STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A(∗)STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #05-13 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- A(∗)STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A(∗)STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #05-13 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Yee Jiun Kok
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Fu-Sheng Deng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Eve Wai Ling Chow
- A(∗)STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A(∗)STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #05-13 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuezhi Bi
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yue Wang
- A(∗)STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A(∗)STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #05-13 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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Heidari H, Lawrence DA. Climate Stressors and Physiological Dysregulations: Mechanistic Connections to Pathologies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 21:28. [PMID: 38248493 PMCID: PMC10815632 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This review delves into the complex relationship between environmental factors, their mechanistic cellular and molecular effects, and their significant impact on human health. Climate change is fueled by industrialization and the emission of greenhouse gases and leads to a range of effects, such as the redistribution of disease vectors, higher risks of disease transmission, and shifts in disease patterns. Rising temperatures pose risks to both food supplies and respiratory health. The hypothesis addressed is that environmental stressors including a spectrum of chemical and pathogen exposures as well as physical and psychological influences collectively impact genetics, metabolism, and cellular functions affecting physical and mental health. The objective is to report the mechanistic associations linking environment and health. As environmental stressors intensify, a surge in health conditions, spanning from allergies to neurodegenerative diseases, becomes evident; however, linkage to genetic-altered proteomics is more hidden. Investigations positing that environmental stressors cause mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, and oxidative stress, which affect missense variants and neuro- and immuno-disorders, are reported. These disruptions to homeostasis with dyslipidemia and misfolded and aggregated proteins increase susceptibility to cancers, infections, and autoimmune diseases. Proposed interventions, such as vitamin B supplements and antioxidants, target oxidative stress and may aid mitochondrial respiration and immune balance. The mechanistic interconnections of environmental stressors and disruptions in health need to be unraveled to develop strategies to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Heidari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA;
| | - David A. Lawrence
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA;
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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37
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Huang C, Chen L, Li J, Ma J, Luo J, Lv Q, Xiao J, Gao P, Chai W, Li X, Zhang M, Hu F, Hu D, Qin P. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e406-e417. [PMID: 37431585 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays a key role in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MetS). An increasing number of studies have reported the association between mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) and the risk of diabetes mellitus and MetS; however, the associations remain conflicted and a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between mtDNA-CN and diabetes mellitus and MetS is lacking. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association of mtDNA-CN and diabetes mellitus and MetS using a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched up to December 15, 2022. Random-effect models were used to summarize the relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS A total of 19 articles were included in the systematic review and 6 articles (12 studies) in the meta-analysis involving 21 714 patients with diabetes (318 870 participants) and 5031 MetS (15 040 participants). Compared to the highest mtDNA-CN, the summary RR (95% CIs) for the lowest mtDNA-CN were 1.06 (95% CI, 1.01-1.12; I2 = 79.4%; n = 8) for diabetes (prospective study: 1.11 (1.02-1.21); I2 = 22.6%; n = 4; case-control: 1.27 (0.66-2.43); I2 = 81.8%; n = 2; cross-sectional: 1.01 (0.99-1.03); I2 = 74.7%; n = 2), and 1.03 (0.99-1.07; I2 = 70.6%; n = 4) for MetS (prospective: 2.87 (1.51-5.48); I2 = 0; n = 2; cross-sectional: 1.02 (1.01-1.04); I2 = 0; n = 2). CONCLUSION Decreased mtDNA-CN was associated with increased risk of diabetes mellitus and MetS when limited to prospective studies. More longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Huang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Lifang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Juanjuan Ma
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Chai
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei Qin
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
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Garrett TJ, Puchowicz MA, Park EA, Dong Q, Farage G, Childress R, Guingab J, Simpson CL, Sen S, Brogdon EC, Buchanan LM, Raghow R, Elam MB. Effect of statin treatment on metabolites, lipids and prostanoids in patients with Statin Associated Muscle Symptoms (SAMS). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294498. [PMID: 38100464 PMCID: PMC10723679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 5-10% of patients discontinue statin therapy due to statin-associated adverse reactions, primarily statin associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). The absence of a clear clinical phenotype or of biomarkers poses a challenge for diagnosis and management of SAMS. Similarly, our incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of SAMS hinders the identification of treatments for SAMS. Metabolomics, the profiling of metabolites in biofluids, cells and tissues is an important tool for biomarker discovery and provides important insight into the origins of symptomatology. In order to better understand the pathophysiology of this common disorder and to identify biomarkers, we undertook comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of plasma samples from patients with SAMS who were undergoing statin rechallenge as part of their clinical care. METHODS AND FINDINGS We report our findings in 67 patients, 28 with SAMS (cases) and 39 statin-tolerant controls. SAMS patients were studied during statin rechallenge and statin tolerant controls were studied while on statin. Plasma samples were analyzed using untargeted LC-MS metabolomics and lipidomics to detect differences between cases and controls. Differences in lipid species in plasma were observed between cases and controls. These included higher levels of linoleic acid containing phospholipids and lower ether lipids and sphingolipids. Reduced levels of acylcarnitines and altered amino acid profile (tryptophan, tyrosine, proline, arginine, and taurine) were observed in cases relative to controls. Pathway analysis identified significant increase of urea cycle metabolites and arginine and proline metabolites among cases along with downregulation of pathways mediating oxidation of branched chain fatty acids, carnitine synthesis, and transfer of acetyl groups into mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS The plasma metabolome of patients with SAMS exhibited reduced content of long chain fatty acids and increased levels of linoleic acid (18:2) in phospholipids, altered energy production pathways (β-oxidation, citric acid cycle and urea cycles) as well as reduced levels of carnitine, an essential mediator of mitochondrial energy production. Our findings support the hypothesis that alterations in pro-inflammatory lipids (arachidonic acid pathway) and impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism underlie the muscle symptoms of patients with statin associated muscle symptoms (SAMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Garrett
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics (SECIM), Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Puchowicz
- Pediatrics-Obesity, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Edwards A. Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Qingming Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gregory Farage
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Richard Childress
- Endocrine Section, Memphis Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Joy Guingab
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics (SECIM), Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Claire L. Simpson
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth C. Brogdon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Logan M. Buchanan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rajendra Raghow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Marshall B. Elam
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Cardiology Section, Memphis Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Wang D, Huang Z, Xiao X, Zheng Q, Li S, Long D, Feng L. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Metabolic Dysfunction Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17514. [PMID: 38139341 PMCID: PMC10743953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an increasingly common disease in Western countries and has become the major cause of liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in addition to viral hepatitis in recent decades. Furthermore, studies have shown that NAFLD is inextricably linked to the development of extrahepatic diseases. However, there is currently no effective treatment to cure NAFLD. In addition, in 2020, NAFLD was renamed metabolic dysfunction fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to show that its pathogenesis is closely related to metabolic disorders. Recent studies have reported that the development of MAFLD is inextricably associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Simultaneously, mitochondrial stress caused by structural and functional disorders stimulates the occurrence and accumulation of fat and lipo-toxicity in hepatocytes and HSCs. In addition, the interaction between mitochondrial dysfunction and the liver-gut axis has also become a new point during the development of MAFLD. In this review, we summarize the effects of several potential treatment strategies for MAFLD, including antioxidants, reagents, and intestinal microorganisms and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanni Zhou
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengfu Li
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Long
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Feng
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Oh JE, Oh JA, Demopoulos M, Clark KM, Phillips MC. Impact of the metabolic syndrome on prevalence and survival in motor neuron disease: a retrospective case series. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2583-2589. [PMID: 37747630 PMCID: PMC10663191 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction is an important factor in the pathogenesis of motor neuron disease, but its prevalence and association with survival in this disorder is unknown. We hypothesized that patients with motor neuron disease would show a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared to the general New Zealand population, and that metabolic syndrome would be associated with worsened survival. We undertook a retrospective analysis in 109 motor neuron disease patients diagnosed and treated at Waikato Hospital from 2013 to 2020. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. Survival was defined as the date of initial symptom onset to the date of death. Of 104 eligible patients, 34 patients (33%) had metabolic syndrome (33% of Europeans, 46% of Māori). Mean survival in motor neuron disease patients with metabolic syndrome was significantly reduced compared to patients without metabolic syndrome (38 vs. 61 months, P = 0.044), with a 5-year survival rate of 21% for the former and 38% for the latter (P = 0.012). Compared with the general New Zealand population, metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent amongst motor neuron disease patients in the Waikato region and it is associated with worsened survival. Metabolic dysfunction may be a key factor underlying the pathogenesis of motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jee Ah Oh
- Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Fähnrich A, Stephan I, Hirose M, Haarich F, Awadelkareem MA, Ibrahim S, Busch H, Wohlers I. North and East African mitochondrial genetic variation needs further characterization towards precision medicine. J Adv Res 2023; 54:59-76. [PMID: 36736695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondria are maternally inherited cell organelles with their own genome, and perform various functions in eukaryotic cells such as energy production and cellular homeostasis. Due to their inheritance and manifold biological roles in health and disease, mitochondrial genetics serves a dual purpose of tracing the history as well as disease susceptibility of human populations across the globe. This work requires a comprehensive catalogue of commonly observed genetic variations in the mitochondrial DNAs for all regions throughout the world. So far, however, certain regions, such as North and East Africa have been understudied. OBJECTIVES To address this shortcoming, we have created the most comprehensive quality-controlled North and East African mitochondrial data set to date and use it for characterizing mitochondrial genetic variation in this region. METHODS We compiled 11 published cohorts with novel data for mitochondrial genomes from 159 Sudanese individuals. We combined these 641 mitochondrial sequences with sequences from the 1000 Genomes (n = 2504) and the Human Genome Diversity Project (n = 828) and used the tool haplocheck for extensive quality control and detection of in-sample contamination, as well as Nanopore long read sequencing for haplogroup validation of 18 samples. RESULTS Using a subset of high-coverage mitochondrial sequences, we predict 15 potentially novel haplogroups in North and East African subjects and observe likely phylogenetic deviations from the established PhyloTree reference for haplogroups L0a1 and L2a1. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate common hitherto unexplored variants in mitochondrial genomes of North and East Africa that lead to novel phylogenetic relationships between haplogroups present in these regions. These observations call for further in-depth population genetic studies in that region to enable the prospective use of mitochondrial genetic variation for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Fähnrich
- Medical Systems Biology Division, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isabel Stephan
- Medical Systems Biology Division, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Misa Hirose
- Genetics Division, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Franziska Haarich
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, and University Heart Center, Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mosab Ali Awadelkareem
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- Genetics Division, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hauke Busch
- Medical Systems Biology Division, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inken Wohlers
- Medical Systems Biology Division, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Biomedical Data Science, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany.
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Filipovic B, Marjanovic-Haljilji M, Mijac D, Lukic S, Kapor S, Kapor S, Starcevic A, Popovic D, Djokovic A. Molecular Aspects of MAFLD-New Insights on Pathogenesis and Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9132-9148. [PMID: 37998750 PMCID: PMC10669943 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated liver disease (MAFLD) affects up to 70% of overweight and more than 90% of morbidly obese people, and its pathogenesis is rather complex and multifactorial. The criteria for MAFLD include the presence of hepatic steatosis in addition to one of the following three criteria: overweight or obesity, presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), or evidence of metabolic dysregulation. If the specific criteria are present, the diagnosis of MAFLD can be made regardless of alcohol consumption and previous liver disease. The pathophysiological mechanisms of MAFLD, including inflammation, lipotoxicity, mitochondrial disfunction, and oxidative stress, as well as the impact of intestinal gut microbiota, are constantly being elucidated. Treatment strategies that are continually emerging are based on different key points in MAFLD pathogenesis. Yet, the ideal therapeutic option has still not been found and future research is of great importance, as MAFLD represents a multisystemic disease with numerous complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Filipovic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical and Hospital Center “Dr Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11020 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (D.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Marija Marjanovic-Haljilji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical and Hospital Center “Dr Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11020 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (D.P.)
| | - Dragana Mijac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snezana Lukic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suncica Kapor
- Department of Hematology, Clinical and Hospital Center “Dr Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11020 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Slobodan Kapor
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Anatomy “Niko Miljanic”, Dr Subotica Starijeg 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Starcevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Anatomy “Niko Miljanic”, Dr Subotica Starijeg 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Popovic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical and Hospital Center “Dr Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11020 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (D.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Aleksandra Djokovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical and Hospital Center “Bezanijska Kosa”, Dr Zorza Matea s/n, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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Dankel SN, Kalleklev TL, Tungland SL, Stafsnes MH, Bruheim P, Aloysius TA, Lindquist C, Skorve J, Nygård OK, Madsen L, Bjørndal B, Sydnes MO, Berge RK. Changes in Plasma Pyruvate and TCA Cycle Metabolites upon Increased Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketogenesis in Male Wistar Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15536. [PMID: 37958519 PMCID: PMC10648824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and associated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity contributes to lifestyle-related diseases, and circulating biomarkers reflecting these changes could have disease prognostic value. This study aimed to determine hepatic and systemic changes in TCA-cycle-related metabolites upon the selective pharmacologic enhancement of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver, and to elucidate the mechanisms and potential markers of hepatic mitochondrial activity. Male Wistar rats were treated with 3-thia fatty acids (e.g., tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA)), which target mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, and ketogenesis predominantly in the liver. Hepatic and plasma concentrations of TCA cycle intermediates and anaplerotic substrates (LC-MS/MS), plasma ketones (colorimetric assay), and acylcarnitines (HPLC-MS/MS), along with associated TCA-cycle-related gene expression (qPCR) and enzyme activities, were determined. TTA-induced hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation resulted in an increased ratio of plasma ketone bodies/nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), lower plasma malonyl-CoA levels, and a higher ratio of plasma acetylcarnitine/palmitoylcarnitine (C2/C16). These changes were associated with decreased hepatic and increased plasma pyruvate concentrations, and increased plasma concentrations of succinate, malate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate. Expression of several genes encoding TCA cycle enzymes and the malate-oxoglutarate carrier (Slc25a11), glutamate dehydrogenase (Gdh), and malic enzyme (Mdh1 and Mdh2) were significantly increased. In conclusion, the induction of hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation by 3-thia fatty acids lowered hepatic pyruvate while increasing plasma pyruvate, as well as succinate, malate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Nitter Dankel
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Tine-Lise Kalleklev
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Siri Lunde Tungland
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, N-4021 Stavanger, Norway (M.O.S.)
| | - Marit Hallvardsdotter Stafsnes
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway (P.B.)
| | - Per Bruheim
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway (P.B.)
| | - Thomas Aquinas Aloysius
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Carine Lindquist
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Jon Skorve
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Ottar Kjell Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
- Department of Sports, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Magne Olav Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, N-4021 Stavanger, Norway (M.O.S.)
| | - Rolf Kristian Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Pengam M, Goanvec C, Moisan C, Simon B, Albacète G, Féray A, Guernec A, Amérand A. Moderate intensity continuous versus high intensity interval training: Metabolic responses of slow and fast skeletal muscles in rat. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292225. [PMID: 37792807 PMCID: PMC10550171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The healthy benefits of regular physical exercise are mainly mediated by the stimulation of oxidative and antioxidant capacities in skeletal muscle. Our understanding of the cellular and molecular responses involved in these processes remain often uncomplete particularly regarding muscle typology. The main aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two types of exercise training protocol: a moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on metabolic processes in two muscles with different typologies: soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL). Training effects in male Wistar rats were studied from whole organism level (maximal aerobic speed, morphometric and systemic parameters) to muscle level (transcripts, protein contents and enzymatic activities involved in antioxidant defences, aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms). Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: untrained (UNTR), n = 7; MICT, n = 8; and HIIT, n = 8. Rats of the MICT and HIIT groups ran five times a week for six weeks at moderate and high intensity, respectively. HIIT improved more than MICT the endurance performance (a trend to increased maximal aerobic speed, p = 0.07) and oxidative capacities in both muscles, as determined through protein and transcript assays (AMPK-PGC-1α signalling pathway, antioxidant defences, mitochondrial functioning and dynamics). Whatever the training protocol, the genes involved in these processes were largely more significantly upregulated in soleus (slow-twitch fibres) than in EDL (fast-twitch fibres). Solely on the basis of the transcript changes, we conclude that the training protocols tested here lead to specific muscular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Annie Féray
- EA 4324 ORPHY, Université de Brest, Brest, France
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Kolb H, Kempf K, Martin S. Insulin and aging - a disappointing relationship. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1261298. [PMID: 37854186 PMCID: PMC10579801 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1261298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies in animal models of aging such as nematodes, fruit flies or mice have observed that decreased levels of insulin or insulin signaling promotes longevity. In humans, hyperinsulinemia and concomitant insulin resistance are associated with an elevated risk of age-related diseases suggestive of a shortened healthspan. Age-related disorders include neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. High ambient insulin concentrations promote increased lipogenesis and fat storage, heightened protein synthesis and accumulation of non-functional polypeptides due to limited turnover capacity. Moreover, there is impaired autophagy activity, and less endothelial NO synthase activity. These changes are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The cellular stress induced by anabolic activity of insulin initiates an adaptive response aiming at maintaining homeostasis, characterized by activation of the transcription factor Nrf2, of AMP activated kinase, and an unfolded protein response. This protective response is more potent in the long-lived human species than in short-lived models of aging research resulting in a stronger pro-aging impact of insulin in nematodes and fruit flies. In humans, resistance to insulin-induced cell stress decreases with age, because of an increase of insulin and insulin resistance levels but less Nrf2 activation. These detrimental changes might be contained by adopting a lifestyle that promotes low insulin/insulin resistance levels and enhances an adaptive response to cellular stress, as observed with dietary restriction or exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Kolb
- Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kempf
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Martínez-Montoro JI, Benítez-Porres J, Tinahones FJ, Ortega-Gómez A, Murri M. Effects of exercise timing on metabolic health. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13599. [PMID: 37416977 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome is associated with major health and socioeconomic consequences. Currently, physical exercise, together with dietary interventions, is the mainstay of the treatment of obesity and related metabolic complications. Although exercise training includes different modalities, with variable intensity, duration, volume, or frequency, which may have a distinct impact on several characteristics related to metabolic syndrome, the potential effects of exercise timing on metabolic health are yet to be fully elucidated. Remarkably, promising results with regard to this topic have been reported in the last few years. Similar to other time-based interventions, including nutritional therapy or drug administration, time-of-day-based exercise may become a useful approach for the management of metabolic disorders. In this article, we review the role of exercise timing in metabolic health and discuss the potential mechanisms that could drive the metabolic-related benefits of physical exercise performed in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Benítez-Porres
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Ortega-Gómez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mora Murri
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Heart Area Clinical Management Unit, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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Lin D, Yu J, Lin L, Ou Q, Quan H. MRPS6 modulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse islet cells through mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16173. [PMID: 37758822 PMCID: PMC10533529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of efficient insulin secretion from the pancreas can lead to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), prediabetes, and diabetes. We have previously identified two IGT-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs62212118 and rs13052524 located at two overlapping genes: MRPS6 and SLC5A3. In this study, we show that MRPS6 but not SLC5A3 regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in primary human β-cell and a mouse pancreatic insulinoma β-cell line. Data mining and biochemical studies reveal that MRPS6 is positively regulated by the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), but feedback inhibits UPRmt. Disruption of such feedback by MRPS6 knockdown causes UPRmt hyperactivation in high glucose conditions, hence elevated ROS levels, increased apoptosis, and impaired GSIS. Conversely, MRPS6 overexpression reduces UPRmt, mitigates high glucose-induced ROS levels and apoptosis, and enhances GSIS in an ATF5-dependent manner. Consistently, UPRmt up-regulation or down-regulation by modulating ATF5 expression is sufficient to decrease or increase GSIS. The negative role of UPRmt in GSIS is further supported by analysis of public transcriptomic data from murine islets. In all, our studies identify MRPS6 and UPRmt as novel modulators of GSIS and apoptosis in β-cells, contributing to our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of IGT, prediabetes, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19 Xiuhua Road, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Jingwen Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19 Xiuhua Road, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Leweihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19 Xiuhua Road, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Qianying Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19 Xiuhua Road, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Huibiao Quan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19 Xiuhua Road, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China.
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Zhang K, Zhang J, Kan C, Tian H, Ma Y, Huang N, Han F, Hou N, Sun X. Role of dysfunctional peri-organ adipose tissue in metabolic disease. Biochimie 2023; 212:12-20. [PMID: 37019205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disease is a complex disorder defined by a group with interrelated factors. There is growing evidence that obesity can lead to a variety of metabolic diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Excessive adipose tissue (AT) deposition and ectopic accumulation can lead to increased peri-organ AT thickness. Dysregulation of peri-organ (perivascular, perirenal, and epicardial) AT is strongly associated with metabolic disease and its complications. The mechanisms include secretion of cytokines, activation of immunocytes, infiltration of inflammatory cells, involvement of stromal cells, and abnormal miRNA expression. This review discusses the associations and mechanisms by which various types of peri-organ AT affect metabolic diseases while addressing it as a potential future treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hongzhan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Na Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
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Hadjispyrou S, Giannopoulos A, Philippou A, Theos A. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sarcopenic Obesity: The Role of Exercise. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5628. [PMID: 37685695 PMCID: PMC10489005 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) constitutes the coexistence of skeletal muscle mass loss (sarcopenia) and excess adiposity (obesity). It is mainly considered as a condition in the elderly with health-threatening impacts ranging from frailty to mortality. Mitochondrial dysfunction consists one of the basic pathophysiological mechanisms leading to the development of SO and its consequences. Indirect indicators of mitochondrial function, such as VO2max and exercise capacity, have been demonstrated to be negatively affected in individuals with SO, while the positive effect of exercise on mitochondrial function has been widely proved; thus, in this review, we aimed at investigating the effects of endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise training on indexes of mitochondrial dysfunction in SO patients. The results of the clinical trials evaluated reveal positive effects of chronic exercise on VO2max and physical capacity, as well as mitochondrial biogenesis and activity. It has been concluded that utilizing a systematic exercise training program that includes both aerobic and strength exercises can be an effective strategy for managing SO and promoting overall health in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Hadjispyrou
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Umeå School of Sports Sciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Antonios Giannopoulos
- Umeå School of Sports Sciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Department of Surgical & Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece;
| | - Apostolos Theos
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Umeå School of Sports Sciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
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50
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Kvandova M, Puzserova A, Balis P. Sexual Dimorphism in Cardiometabolic Diseases: The Role of AMPK. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11986. [PMID: 37569362 PMCID: PMC10418890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and disability among both males and females. The risk of cardiovascular diseases is heightened by the presence of a risk factor cluster of metabolic syndrome, covering obesity and obesity-related cardiometabolic risk factors such as hypertension, glucose, and lipid metabolism dysregulation primarily. Sex hormones contribute to metabolic regulation and make women and men susceptible to obesity development in a different manner, which necessitates sex-specific management. Identifying crucial factors that protect the cardiovascular system is essential to enhance primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and should be explicitly studied from the perspective of sex differences. It seems that AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) may be such a factor since it has the protective role of AMPK in the cardiovascular system, has anti-diabetic properties, and is regulated by sex hormones. Those findings highlight the potential cardiometabolic benefits of AMPK, making it an essential factor to consider. Here, we review information about the cross-talk between AMPK and sex hormones as a critical point in cardiometabolic disease development and progression and a target for therapeutic intervention in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Kvandova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.P.); (P.B.)
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