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VİTHANAGE V, C.D. J, M.D.P. DE. C, RAJENDRAM S. Photodynamic Therapy : An Overview and Insights into a Prospective Mainstream Anticancer Therapy. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) procedure has minimum invasiveness in contrast to conventional anticancer surgical procedures. Although clinically approved a few decades ago, it is not commonly used due to its poor efficacy, mainly due to poor light penetration into deeper tissues. PDT uses a photosensitizer (PS), which is photoactivated on illumination by light of appropriate wavelength and oxygen in the tissue, leading to a series of photochemical reactions producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggering various mechanisms resulting in lethal effects on tumor cells. This review looks into the fundamental aspects of PDT, such as photochemistry, photobiological effects, and the current clinical applications in the light of improving PDT to become a mainstream therapeutic procedure against a broad spectrum of cancers and malignant lesions. The side effects of PDT, both early and late-onset, are elaborated on in detail to highlight the available options to minimize side effects without compromising therapeutic efficacy. This paper summarizes the benefits, drawbacks, and limitations of photodynamic therapy along with the recent attempts to achieve improved therapeutic efficacy via monitoring various cellular and molecular processes through fluorescent imagery aided by suitable biomarkers, prospective nanotechnology-based targeted delivery methods, the use of scintillating nanoparticles to deliver light to remote locations and also combining PDT with conventional anticancer therapies have opened up new dimensions for PDT in treating cancers. This review inquires and critically analyses prospective avenues in which a breakthrough would finally enable PDT to be integrated into mainstream anticancer therapy.
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Nowak KM, Schwartz MR, Breza VR, Price RJ. Sonodynamic therapy: Rapid progress and new opportunities for non-invasive tumor cell killing with sound. Cancer Lett 2022; 532:215592. [PMID: 35151824 PMCID: PMC8918024 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumor treatment relies heavily upon chemotherapies, radiation, surgical resection, and/or immunotherapies. Although many alternative non-invasive solid tumor therapies have been proposed through the years and continue to be tested in various contexts, tumor cell eradication remains a daunting task for the current cancer armamentarium. Indeed, solid tumors exhibit physically and biochemically heterogenous microenvironments, allowing them to easily acquire resistance mechanisms. Progress in sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a treatment modality capable of controlling tumor growth while limiting off-target effects and toxicities, has accelerated in recent years. SDT combines "sonosensitizing" agents with the non-invasive application of focused acoustic energy [i.e. focused ultrasound (FUS)] to drive highly localized formation of tumor cell-killing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sonosensitizers selectively accumulate in tumor cells, after which FUS radiation eliminates the tumor by forcing the tumor cells to undergo cell death. In this article, we comprehensively review recent studies wherein SDT has been applied to treat primary and metastatic tumors. We discuss sonosensitizers, combination therapies with SDT, developments in defining the mechanism of SDT-induced cell cytotoxicity, and the promise SDT offers as a modulator of anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Nowak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Mark R. Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Victoria R. Breza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Richard J. Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA,Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, Charlottesville, VA
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Dubey T, Chinnathambi S. Photodynamic sensitizers modulate cytoskeleton structural dynamics in neuronal cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:232-248. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Dubey
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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Theodoraki MN, Yerneni SS, Brunner C, Theodorakis J, Hoffmann TK, Whiteside TL. Plasma-derived Exosomes Reverse Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition after Photodynamic Therapy of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer. Oncoscience 2018; 5:75-87. [PMID: 29854876 PMCID: PMC5978437 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a palliative treatment option for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients which induces local inflammation and alters tumor cell morphology. We show that exosomes in plasma of HNSCC patients undergoing PDT reprogram tumor cells towards an epithelial phenotype. Nine HNSCC patients were treated with PDT and plasma was collected prior to and at three timepoints after therapy. Exosome levels of E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin and TGF-β1 were tested by flow cytometry. Exosomes were co-incubated with cancer cells, and changes in expression of EMT markers were evaluated as were proliferation, migration, chemotaxis and invasiveness of tumor cells. Exosomes harvested pre- and 24h after PDT were enriched in N-Cadherin and TGF-β1. They induced the mesenchymal phenotype and up-regulated Vimentin and transcripts for Snail, Twist, α-SMA, Slug and ZEB1 in epithelial tumor cells. These exosomes also enhanced tumor proliferation, migration and invasion. In contrast, exosomes obtained on day 7 or 4-6 weeks after PDT carried E-cadherin, restored epithelial morphology and EpCAM expression in tumor cells, down-regulated expression of mesenchymal genes and inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion. The PDT-mediated conversion from the mesenchymal to epithelial tumor phenotype was mediated by exosomes, which also served as non-invasive biomarkers of this transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Saigopalakrishna S Yerneni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Theresa L Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Departments of Immunology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Hernández-Corroto E, Marina ML, García MC. Multiple protective effect of peptides released from Olea europaea and Prunus persica seeds against oxidative damage and cancer cell proliferation. Food Res Int 2018; 106:458-467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Photodynamic therapy with TMPyP – Porphyrine induces mitotic catastrophe and microtubule disorganization in HeLa and G361 cells, a comprehensive view of the action of the photosensitizer. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 173:522-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Tudor D, Nenu I, Filip GA, Olteanu D, Cenariu M, Tabaran F, Ion RM, Gligor L, Baldea I. Combined regimen of photodynamic therapy mediated by Gallium phthalocyanine chloride and Metformin enhances anti-melanoma efficacy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173241. [PMID: 28278159 PMCID: PMC5344368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma therapy is challenging, especially in advanced cases, due to multiple developed tumor defense mechanisms. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) might represent an adjuvant treatment, because of its bimodal action: tumor destruction and immune system awakening. In this study, a combination of PDT mediated by a metal substituted phthalocyanine-Gallium phthalocyanine chloride (GaPc) and Metformin was used against melanoma. The study aimed to: (1) find the anti-melanoma efficacy of GaPc-PDT, (2) assess possible beneficial effects of Metformin addition to PDT, (3) uncover some of the mechanisms underlining cell killing and anti-angiogenic effects. METHODS Two human lightly pigmented melanoma cell lines: WM35 and M1/15 subjected to previous Metformin exposure were treated by GaPc-PDT. Cell viability, death mechanism, cytoskeleton alterations, oxidative damage, were assessed by means of colorimetry, flowcytometry, confocal microscopy, spectrophotometry, ELISA, Western Blotting. RESULTS GaPc proved an efficient photosensitizer. Metformin addition enhanced cell killing by mechanisms dependent on the cell line, namely apoptosis in the metastatic M1/15 and necrosis in the radial growth phase, WM35. Cell death mechanism relied on the inhibition of nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB activation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) sensitization, leading to TRAIL and TNF-α induced apoptosis. Metformin diminished the anti-angiogenic effect of PDT. CONCLUSIONS Metformin addition to GaPc-PDT increased tumor cell killing through enhanced oxidative damage and induction of proapoptotic mechanisms, but altered PDT anti-angiogenic effects. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Combination of Metformin and PDT might represent a solution to enhance the efficacy, leading to a potential adjuvant role of PDT in melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Tudor
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iuliana Nenu
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Diana Olteanu
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Cenariu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Flaviu Tabaran
- Department of Pathology University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rodica Mariana Ion
- Nanomedicine Research Group, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Gligor
- OSRAM Opto Semiconductors, OSRAM Romania, Global City Business Park, Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Ioana Baldea
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Pereira PM, Silva S, Ramalho JS, Gomes CM, Girão H, Cavaleiro JA, Ribeiro CA, Tomé JP, Fernandes R. The role of galectin-1 in in vitro and in vivo photodynamic therapy with a galactodendritic porphyrin. Eur J Cancer 2016; 68:60-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Yang X, Palasuberniam P, Myers KA, Wang C, Chen B. Her2 oncogene transformation enhances 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated protoporphyrin IX production and photodynamic therapy response. Oncotarget 2016; 7:57798-57810. [PMID: 27527860 PMCID: PMC5295390 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) production in tumors derived from the administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) enables the use of ALA as a prodrug for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescence-guided tumor resection. Although ALA has been successfully used in the clinic, the mechanism underlying enhanced ALA-induced PpIX production in tumors is not well understood. Human epidermal growth receptor 2 (Her2, Neu, ErbB2) is a driver oncogene in human cancers, particularly breast cancers. Here we showed that, in addition to activating Her2/Neu cell signaling, inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and upregulating glycolytic enzymes, transfection of NeuT (a mutated Her2/Neu) oncogene in MCF10A human breast epithelial cells significantly enhanced ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence by elevating some enzymes involved in PpIX biosynthesis. Furthermore, NeuT-transformed and vector control cells exhibited drastic differences in the intracellular localization of PpIX, either produced endogenously from ALA or applied exogenously. In vector control cells, PpIX displayed a cell contact-dependent membrane localization at high cell densities and increased mitochondrial localization at low cell densities. In contrast, no predominant membrane localization of PpIX was observed in NeuT cells and ALA-induced PpIX showed a consistent mitochondrial localization regardless of cell density. PDT with ALA caused significantly more decrease in cell viability in NeuT cells than in vector cells. Our data demonstrate that NeuT oncogene transformation enhanced ALA-induced PpIX production and altered PpIX intracellular localization, rendering NeuT-transformed cells increased response to ALA-mediated PDT. These results support the use of ALA for imaging and photodynamic targeting Her2/Neu-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of The Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pratheeba Palasuberniam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of The Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Myers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Misher College of Arts and Sciences, University of The Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tianjin Radiation and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of The Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Melanogenesis and DNA damage following photodynamic therapy in melanoma with two meso-substituted porphyrins. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 161:402-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Effect of Porphyrin Sensitizer MgTPPS4 on Cytoskeletal System of HeLa Cell Line-Microscopic Study. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:419-25. [PMID: 27324041 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins are an important group of sensitizers with a porphyrin skeleton. Their photophysical properties are significantly affected by the nature of the central ion. In this work, we focus on the mechanical properties of a cervix carcinoma cell line which underwent photodynamic treatment (PDT) with MgTPPS4 photosensitzer. Atomic force microscopy alongside confocal microscopy was used to quantify and qualify the structural characteristics before and after PDT. Cells before PDT showed a fine actin network and higher elasticity with the median of Young modulus 12.2 kPa. After PDT, the median of Young modulus was 13.4 kPa and a large redistribution in the actin network was observed.
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Glycolytic inhibitors 2-deoxyglucose and 3-bromopyruvate synergize with photodynamic therapy respectively to inhibit cell migration. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:189-97. [PMID: 25631472 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Most cancer cells have the specially increased glycolytic phenotype, which makes this pathway become an attractive therapeutic target. Although glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) has been demonstrated to potentiate the cytotoxicity of photodynamic therapy (PDT), the impacts on cell migration after the combined treatment has never been reported yet. The present study aimed to analyze the influence of glycolytic inhibitors 2-DG and 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) combined with Ce6-PDT on cell motility of Triple Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. As determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltertrazolium-bromide-Tetraz-olium (MTT) assay, more decreased cell viability was observed in 2-DG + PDT and 3-BP + PDT groups when compared with either monotherapy. Under optimal conditions, synergistic potentiation on cell membrane destruction and the decline of cell adhesion and cells migratory ability were observed in both 2-DG + PDT and 3-BP + PDT by electron microscope observation (SEM), wound healing and trans-well assays. Besides, serious microfilament network collapses as well as impairment of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) were notably improved after the combined treatments by immunofluorescent staining. These results suggest that 2-DG and 3-BP can both significantly potentiated Ce6-PDT efficacy of cell migration inhibition.
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Di Venosa G, Perotti C, Batlle A, Casas A. The role of cytoskeleton and adhesion proteins in the resistance to photodynamic therapy. Possible therapeutic interventions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1451-64. [PMID: 25832889 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00445k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is known that Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) induces changes in the cytoskeleton, the cell shape, and the adhesion properties of tumour cells. In addition, these targets have also been demonstrated to be involved in the development of PDT resistance. The reversal of PDT resistance by manipulating the cell adhesion process to substrata has been out of reach. Even though the existence of cell adhesion-mediated PDT resistance has not been reported so far, it cannot be ruled out. In addition to its impact on the apoptotic response to photodamage, the cytoskeleton alterations are thought to be associated with the processes of metastasis and invasion after PDT. In this review, we will address the impact of photodamage on the microfilament and microtubule cytoskeleton components and its regulators on PDT-treated cells as well as on cell adhesion. We will also summarise the impact of PDT on the surviving and resistant cells and their metastatic potential. Possible strategies aimed at taking advantage of the changes induced by PDT on actin, tubulin and cell adhesion proteins by targeting these molecules will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Di Venosa
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP). CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, CP1120AAF, Argentina.
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Li PT, Ke ES, Chiang PC, Tsai T. ALA- or Ce6-PDT induced phenotypic change and suppressed migration in surviving cancer cells. J Dent Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Della Pietra E, Simonella F, Bonavida B, Xodo LE, Rapozzi V. Repeated sub-optimal photodynamic treatments with pheophorbide a induce an epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells via nitric oxide. Nitric Oxide 2015; 45:43-53. [PMID: 25700664 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved treatment that causes a selective cytotoxic effect in cancer cells. In addition to the production of singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species, PDT can induce the release of nitric oxide (NO) by up-regulating nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Since non-optimal PDT often causes tumor recurrence, understanding the molecular pathways involved in the photoprocess is a challenging task for scientists. The present study has examined the response of the PC3 human metastatic prostate cancer cell line following repeated low-dose pheophorbide a treatments, mimicking non-optimal PDT treatment. The analysis was focused on the NF-kB/YY1/RKIP circuitry as it is (i) dysregulated in cancer cells, (ii) modulated by NO and (iii) correlated with the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). We hypothesized that a repeated treatment of non-optimal PDT induces low levels of NO that lead to cell growth and EMT via the regulation of the above circuitry. The expressions of gene products involved in the circuitry and in EMT were analyzed by western blot. The findings demonstrate the cytoprotective role of NO following non-optimal PDT treatments that was corroborated by the use of L-NAME, an inhibitor of NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Della Pietra
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca Simonella
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Luigi Emilio Xodo
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Rapozzi
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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Pacheco-Soares C, Maftou-Costa M, DA Cunha Menezes Costa CG, DE Siqueira Silva AC, Moraes KCM. Evaluation of photodynamic therapy in adhesion protein expression. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:714-718. [PMID: 25013490 PMCID: PMC4081276 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that has clinical applications in both non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. PDT involves a light-sensitive compound (photosensitizer), light and molecular oxygen. This procedure may lead to several different cellular responses, including cell death. Alterations in the attachment of cancer cells to the substratum and to each other are important consequences of photodynamic treatment. PDT may lead to changes in the expression of cellular adhesion structure and cytoskeleton integrity, which are key factors in decreasing tumor metastatic potential. HEp-2 cells were photosensitized with aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate and zinc phthalocyanine, and the proteins β1-integrin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were assayed using fluorescence microscopy. The verification of expression changes in the genes for FAK and β1 integrin were performed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results revealed that HEp-2 cells do not express β-integrin or FAK 12 h following PDT. It was concluded that the PDT reduces the adhesive ability of HEp-2 cells, inhibiting their metastatic potential. The present study aimed to analyze the changes in the expression and organization of cellular adhesion elements and the subsequent metastatic potential of HEp-2 cells following PDT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pacheco-Soares
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, University of Vale do Paraiba, Institute for Research and Development, São José dos Campos-SP 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Maira Maftou-Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Carolina Genúncio DA Cunha Menezes Costa
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, University of Vale do Paraiba, Institute for Research and Development, São José dos Campos-SP 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Andreza Cristina DE Siqueira Silva
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, University of Vale do Paraiba, Institute for Research and Development, São José dos Campos-SP 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, Rio Claro-SP 13506-900, Brazil
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Ruiz-González R, Acedo P, Sánchez-García D, Nonell S, Cañete M, Stockert JC, Villanueva A. Efficient induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by a novel cationic porphycene photosensitizer. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:401-14. [PMID: 23517729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we analyze the photobiological properties of 2,7,12-tris(α-pyridinio-p-tolyl)-17-(p-(methoxymethyl)phenyl) porphycene (Py3MeO-TBPo) in Hela cells, in order to assess its potential as a new photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of cultured tumor cells. Using 0.5 μM Py3MeO-TBPo, flow cytometry studies demonstrated an increase of intracellular drug levels related to the incubation time, reaching a maximum at 18 h. LysoTracker(®) Green (LTG) and MitoTracker(®) Green (MTG) probes were used to identify the subcellular localization. Upon exposure to ultraviolet excitation, red porphycene fluorescence was detected as red granules in the cytoplasm that colocalized with LTG. No significant toxic effects were detected for Py3MeO-TBPo in the dark at concentrations below 1 μM. In contrast, Py3MeO-TBPo combined with red-light irradiation induced concentration- and fluence-dependent HeLa cells inactivation. Besides, all photodynamic protocols assayed induced a clear effect of cell detachment inhibition after trypsin treatment. Both apoptotic and necrotic cell death mechanisms can occur in HeLa cells depending on the experimental protocol. After 18 h incubation with 0.5 μM Py3MeO-TBPo and subsequent red light irradiation (3.6 J/cm(2)), a high number of cells die by apoptosis, as evaluated by morphological alterations, immunofluorescent relocalization of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, and TUNEL assay. Likewise, immunofluorescence techniques showed that cytochrome c is released from mitochondria into cytosol in cells undergoing apoptosis, which occurs immediately after relocation of Bax in mitochondria. The highest amount of apoptosis appeared 24 h after treatment (70%) and this cell death occurred without cell detachment to the substrate. In contrast, with 0.75 μM Py3MeO-TBPo and 3.6 J/cm(2) irradiation, morphological changes showed a preferential necrotic cell death. Singlet oxygen was identified as the cytotoxic agent involved in cell photoinactivation. Moreover, cell cultures pre-exposed to the singlet oxygen scavenger sodium azide showed pronounced protection against the loss of viability induced by Py3MeO-TBPo and light. Different changes in distribution and organization of cytoskeletal elements (microtubules and actin microfilaments) as well as the protein vinculin, after apoptotic and necrotic photodynamic treatments have been analyzed. Neither of these two cell death mechanisms (apoptosis or necrosis) induced cell detachment. In summary, Py3MeO-TBPo appears to meet the requirements for further scrutiny as a very good photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy: it is water soluble, has a high absorption in the red spectral region (where light penetration in tissue is higher), and is able to induce effective high apoptotic rate (70%) related to the more widely studied photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Ruiz-González
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 08017, Spain
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Chiang PC, Chou RH, Chien HF, Tsai T, Chen CT. Chloride intracellular channel 4 involves in the reduced invasiveness of cancer cells treated by photodynamic therapy. Lasers Surg Med 2013; 45:38-47. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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19
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The sonodynamic effect of curcumin on THP-1 cell-derived macrophages. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:737264. [PMID: 23509769 PMCID: PMC3591177 DOI: 10.1155/2013/737264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is extracted from the rhizomes of the traditional Chinese herb Curcuma longa and has been proposed to function as a photosensitizer. The potential use of curcumin as a sonosensitizer for sonodynamic therapy (SDT) requires further exploration. This study investigated the sonodynamic effect of curcumin on macrophages, the pivotal inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaque. THP-1-derived macrophages were incubated with curcumin at a concentration of 40.7 μmol/L for 2 h and then exposed to pulse ultrasound irradiation (2 W/cm2 with 0.86 MHz) for 5–15 min. Six hours later, cell viability was decreased in cells that had been treated with ultrasound for 10 and 15 min. After ultrasound irradiation for 15 min, the ratio of apoptotic and necrotic cells in SDT group was higher than that in ultrasound group, and the ratio of apoptotic cells was higher than that of necrotic cells. Both loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and morphological changes of cytoskeleton were apparent 2 h after treatment with curcumin SDT. These findings support that curcumin had sonodynamic effect on THP-1-derived macrophages and that curcumin SDT could be a promising treatment for atherosclerosis.
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20
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Sanz-Rodríguez F, Casas A, González S, Espada J, Jaén P, Regadera J, Blázquez-Castro A, Zamarrón A, Bagazgoitia L, Iglesias de la Cruz C, Juarranz Á. Preclinical photodynamic therapy research in Spain 4: Cytoskeleton and adhesion complexes of cultured tumor cells as targets of photosensitizers. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell death induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with different photosensitizers (PSs) is due to the selective damage of several membranous organelles including mitochondria, lysosomes and Golgi apparatus. Other cell structures such as the cytoskeleton (CSK) (microtubules, actin microfilaments and cytokeratin intermediate filaments) and the cell adhesion components (cadherins and integrins) are also implicated in cell death induced by PSs. CSK and adhesion components are responsible for many cellular functions such as the maintenance of morphology, motility, division and adhesion, all of them of fundamental importance for growth and dissemination of tumors. Therefore, they are considered very important targets for anticancer therapies, including PDT. In addition, similarly to the rest of the anticancer therapies, PDT often leaves a significant number of surviving tumor cells. The reorganization of CSK as well as the adhesion proteins in the PDT resistant cells affect their invasive migratory capabilities. Taking into account all these features, both CSK and adhesion proteins are crucial targets of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sanz-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Casas
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP) y Hospital de Clínicas José San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Salvador González
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Ramón Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Dermatology Unit, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jesús Espada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", CSIC-Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Jaén
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Ramón Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Regadera
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Blázquez-Castro
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Zamarrón
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ángeles Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Soares ARM, Neves MGPMS, Tomé AC, Iglesias-de la Cruz MC, Zamarrón A, Carrasco E, González S, Cavaleiro JAS, Torres T, Guldi DM, Juarranz A. Glycophthalocyanines as Photosensitizers for Triggering Mitotic Catastrophe and Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:940-51. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. M. Soares
- Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, QOPNA, 3810-193
Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IMDEA Nanociencia, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid,
Spain
| | | | - Augusto C. Tomé
- Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, QOPNA, 3810-193
Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Alicia Zamarrón
- Departamento de Biología,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Carrasco
- Departamento de Biología,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador González
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United
States
| | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, QOPNA, 3810-193
Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IMDEA Nanociencia, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid,
Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angeles Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Uzdensky A, Kristiansen B, Moan J, Juzeniene A. Dynamics of signaling, cytoskeleton and cell cycle regulation proteins in glioblastoma cells after sub-lethal photodynamic treatment: antibody microarray study. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:795-803. [PMID: 22484521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) that induces oxidative stress and cell death is used for tumor destruction in oncology. To characterize early molecular events in photosensitized glioblastoma cells, we studied expression of 224 proteins after sublethal PDT that doesn't kill but wounds cells. METHODS Cultured glioblastoma D54Mg cells were photosensitized with 5-aminolevulinic acid so that cell survival was 95-100%. At following 0.5-5.5h protein expression and phosphorylation was assayed using proteomic antibody microarrays. RESULTS Within the first post-treatment hour we observed phosphorylation of protein kinase Raf, adhesion-related kinases FAK and Pyk2, and microtubule-associated protein tau. Protein kinase Cγ and microtubule-associated protein MAP-1B were overexpressed. Dystrophin, calponin, and vinculin, components of the actin cytoskeleton scaffold, microtubule-associated proteins MAP2 and CNP, cytokeratins 4 and 7 were down-regulated that indicated changes in adhesion and cell shape. Down-regulation of cyclins A, D1 and D3, c-Myc, checkpoint proteins chk1/2 and up-regulation of Smad4 could arrest the cell cycle. Overexpression of Bcl-xL and down-regulation of caspase 9 demonstrated anti-apoptotic response. At 2h post-treatment protein expression changed lesser but at 5.5h levels of PKCγ and β-synuclein and phosphorylation of Raf, FAK, Pyk2, and tau increased again. CONCLUSIONS Sub-lethal PDT induces complex response of glioblastoma cells including changes in activity and expression of proteins involved in adhesion-mediated signaling, signal transduction, cytoskeleton remodeling, cell cycle regulation and anti-apoptotic processes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Multiple reactions of various cellular subsystems including adhesion, cytoskeleton, signal transduction, cell cycle, and apoptosis are integrated into the general cell response to a sublethal impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Uzdensky
- Department of Biophysics, Southern Federal University, Stachky 194/1, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
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23
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Di Venosa G, Rodriguez L, Mamone L, Gándara L, Rossetti M, Batlle A, Casas A. Changes in actin and E-cadherin expression induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in normal and Ras-transfected human mammary cell lines. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 106:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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24
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Etminan N, Peters C, Ficnar J, Anlasik S, Bünemann E, Slotty PJ, Hänggi D, Steiger HJ, Sorg RV, Stummer W. Modulation of migratory activity and invasiveness of human glioma spheroids following 5-aminolevulinic acid–based photodynamic treatment. J Neurosurg 2011; 115:281-8. [DOI: 10.3171/2011.3.jns10434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
Five-aminolevulinic acid–mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA/PDT) can improve the clinical outcome in patients suffering from glioblastoma. Besides direct phototoxicity, additional mechanisms may contribute. Therefore, the authors studied the influence of ALA/PDT on glioblastoma's migratory and invasive behavior in a human glioma cell spheroid model.
Methods
Glioma spheroids were grown from human U373 and A172 cell lines. After ALA/PDT of spheroids, the authors assessed the migration of tumor cells and their capacity to invade a collagen matrix, as well as changes in their viability, morphology, and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
Results
The authors found that ALA/PDT caused long-lasting, nearly complete suppression of glioma cell migration and matrix invasion compared with nontherapeutic controls, including either irradiation or incubation with ALA only. Although ALA/PDT induced tumor cell apoptosis, suppression of migration/invasion was not simply due to phototoxicity because 50% of tumor cells remained vital throughout the observation period. Moreover, the morphology of ALA/PDT-treated cells changed significantly toward a polygonal, epithelial-like appearance, which was associated with alterations in the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, downregulation of MMP-7 and -8 was observed after treatment whereas other MMPs remained unchanged.
Conclusions
In addition to directly eliminating glioma cells through apoptosis, ALA/PDT alters their invasiveness, possibly due to the effects on the cytoskeletal organization and MMP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corinna Peters
- 1Department of Neurosurgery,
- 2Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, and
| | | | | | - Erich Bünemann
- 3Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf; and
| | | | | | | | - Rüdiger V. Sorg
- 2Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, and
| | - Walter Stummer
- 1Department of Neurosurgery,
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, University of Münster, Germany
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25
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Jung SH, Park D, Park JH, Kim YM, Ha KS. Molecular imaging of membrane proteins and microfilaments using atomic force microscopy. Exp Mol Med 2010; 42:597-605. [PMID: 20689364 PMCID: PMC2947017 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.9.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an emerging technique for a variety of uses involving the analysis of cells. AFM is widely applied to obtain information about both cellular structural and subcellular events. In particular, a variety of investigations into membrane proteins and microfilaments were performed with AFM. Here, we introduce applications of AFM to molecular imaging of membrane proteins, and various approaches for observation and identification of intracellular microfilaments at the molecular level. These approaches can contribute to many applications of AFM in cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hui Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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26
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Prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted photodynamic therapy induces rapid cytoskeletal disruption. Cancer Lett 2010; 296:106-12. [PMID: 20452720 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), an established enzyme-biomarker for prostate cancer, has attracted considerable attention as a target for imaging and therapeutic applications. We aimed to determine the effects of PSMA-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) on cytoskeletal networks in prostate cancer cells. PSMA-targeted PDT resulted in rapid disruption of microtubules (alpha-/beta-tubulin), microfilaments (actin), and intermediate filaments (cytokeratin 8/18) in the cytoplasm of LNCaP cells. The collapse of cytoplasmic microtubules and the later nuclear translocation of alpha-/beta-tubulin were the most dramatic alternation. It is likely that these early changes of cytoskeletal networks are partly involved in the initiation of cell death.
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27
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Park JH, Nishidate T, Kijima K, Ohashi T, Takegawa K, Fujikane T, Hirata K, Nakamura Y, Katagiri T. Critical roles of mucin 1 glycosylation by transactivated polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 6 in mammary carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2010; 70:2759-69. [PMID: 20215525 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The structure of O-glycosylated proteins is altered in breast cancer cells, but the mechanisms of such an aberrant modification have been largely unknown. We here report critical roles of a novel druggable target, polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 6 (GALNT6), which is upregulated in a great majority of breast cancers and encodes a glycosyltransferase responsible for initiating mucin-type O-glycosylation. Knockdown of GALNT6 by small interfering RNA significantly enhanced cell adhesion function and suppressed the growth of breast cancer cells. Western blot and immunostaining analyses indicated that wild-type GALNT6 protein could glycosylate and stabilize an oncoprotein mucin 1 (MUC1), which was upregulated with GALNT6 in breast cancer specimens. Furthermore, knockdown of GALNT6 or MUC1 led to similar morphologic changes of cancer cells accompanied by the increase of cell adhesion molecules beta-catenin and E-cadherin. Our findings implied that overexpression of GALNT6 might contribute to mammary carcinogenesis through aberrant glycosylation and stabilization of MUC1 and that screening of GALNT6 inhibitors would be valuable for the development of novel therapeutic modalities against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Wang P, Wang X, Liu Q, Zhao X, Cao B, Zhao P. Comparision Between Sonodynamic Effects with Protoporphyrin IX and Hematoporphyrin on the Cytoskeleton of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2010; 25:55-64. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2008.0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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29
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Jung SH, Park JY, Yoo JO, Shin I, Kim YM, Ha KS. Identification and ultrastructural imaging of photodynamic therapy-induced microfilaments by atomic force microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2009; 109:1428-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Tsai T, Ji HT, Chiang PC, Chou RH, Chang WSW, Chen CT. ALA-PDT results in phenotypic changes and decreased cellular invasion in surviving cancer cells. Lasers Surg Med 2009; 41:305-15. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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31
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Intracellular free calcium mediates glioma cell detachment and cytotoxicity after photodynamic therapy. Lasers Med Sci 2009; 24:777-86. [PMID: 19198972 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-008-0640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Photofrin photodynamic therapy (PDT) caused a dose-dependent decrease of enzymatic cell detachment by trypsin/ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) in human glioma U251n and U87 cells. This happened coincidently with the increase of intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)). Thapsigargin, which increased [Ca(2+)](i), induced further decrease in enzymatic cell detachment and increased cytotoxicity. Opposite effects were observed when 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid tetrakis, an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator, was used. PDT-induced changes in [Ca(2+)](i) and cell detachment were not blocked by calcium channel antagonists nickel (Ni(2+)) or nimodipine, nor were they altered when cells were irradiated in a buffer free from Ca(2+) and magnesium (Mg(2+)), suggesting that [Ca(2+)](i) is derived from the internal calcium stores. Decreased cell migration was observed after PDT, as assessed by chemotactic and wound-healing assays. Our findings indicated that internal calcium store-derived [Ca(2+)](i) plays an important role in PDT-induced enzymatic cell detachment decrease and cytotoxicity. Cell migration may be affected by these changes.
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32
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Zhao X, Liu Q, Tang W, Wang X, Wang P, Gong L, Wang Y. Damage effects of protoporphyrin IX - sonodynamic therapy on the cytoskeletal F-actin of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2009; 16:50-56. [PMID: 18619892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report evidence of the damage effects of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) on a novel intracellular target, cytoskeletal F-actin, that has great importance for cancer treatment. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells suspended in PBS were exposed to ultrasound at 1.34 MHz for up to 60s in the presence and absence of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). To evaluate the polymeric state and distribution of actin filaments (AF) we employed FITC-Phalloidin staining. The percentage of cells with intact AF was decreased with 10-80 microM PPIX after ultrasonic exposure, while only few cells with disturbed F-actin were observed with 80 microM PPIX alone. The fluorescence intensity of FITC-Phalloidin labeled cells was detected by flow cytometry. The morphological changes of EAC cells were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33258 to determine apoptosis. Cytoskeletal F-actin and cell morphological changes were dependent on the time after SDT. Some cells suffered deformations of plasma membrane as blebs that reacted positively to FITC-Phalloidin at 2h after SDT treatment. Many of the cells showed the typically apoptotic chromatin fragmentation. The alterations were more significant 4h later. Our results showed that cytoskeletal F-actin might represent an important target for the SDT treatment and the observed effect on F-actin and the subsequent bleb formation mainly due to apoptosis formation due to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
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33
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Casas A, Sanz-Rodriguez F, Venosa GD, Rodriguez L, Mamone L, Blázquez A, Jaén P, Batlle A, Stockert JC, Juarranz A. Disorganisation of cytoskeleton in cells resistant to photodynamic treatment with decreased metastatic phenotype. Cancer Lett 2008; 270:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
The technique of variable-angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) and its application to nanotomography of cell surfaces are described. Present applications include (1) 3D imaging of chromosomes in their metaphase to demonstrate axial resolution in the nanometre range, (2) measurements of cell-substrate topology, which upon cholesterol depletion shows some loosening of cell-substrate contacts, and (3) measurements of cell topology upon photodynamic therapy (PDT), which demonstrate cell swelling and maintenance of focal contacts. The potential of the method for in vitro diagnostics, but also some requirements and limitations are discussed.
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35
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Wang XB, Liu QH, Wang P, Zhang K, Tang W, Wang BL. Enhancement of Apoptosis by Sonodynamic Therapy with Protoporphyrin IX in Isolate Sarcoma 180 Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2008; 23:238-46. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2007.0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Bing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quan Hong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bao Lu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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36
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Juzeniene A, Peng Q, Moan J. Milestones in the development of photodynamic therapy and fluorescence diagnosis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2007; 6:1234-45. [PMID: 18046478 DOI: 10.1039/b705461k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many reviews on PDT have been published. This field is now so large, and embraces so many sub-specialties, from laser technology and optical penetration through diffusing media to a number of medical fields including dermatology, gastroenterology, ophthalmology, blood sterilization and treatment of microbial-viral diseases, that it is impossible to cover all aspects in a single review. Here, we will concentrate on a few basic aspects, all important for the route of development leading PDT to its present state: early work on hematoporphyrin and hematoporphyrin derivative, second and third generation photosensitizers, 5-aminolevulinic acid and its derivatives, oxygen and singlet oxygen, PDT effects on cell organelles, mutagenic potential, the basis for tumour selectivity, cell cooperativity, photochemical internalization, light penetration into tissue and the significance of oxygen depletion, photobleaching of photosensitizers, optimal light sources, effects on the immune system, and, finally, future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, N-0310, Oslo, Norway.
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37
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The history of PDT in Norway. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2007; 4:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Karmakar S, Banik NL, Patel SJ, Ray SK. 5-Aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy suppressed survival factors and activated proteases for apoptosis in human glioblastoma U87MG cells. Neurosci Lett 2007; 415:242-7. [PMID: 17335970 PMCID: PMC2533742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 12/24/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common astrocytic brain tumor in humans. Current therapies for this malignancy are mostly ineffective. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), an exciting treatment strategy based on activation of a photosensitizer, has not yet been extensively explored for treating glioblastoma. We used 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) as a photosensitizer for PDT to induce apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma U87MG cells and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. Trypan blue dye exclusion test showed a decrease in cell viability after exposure to increasing doses of 5-ALA for 4h followed by PDT with a broad spectrum blue light (400-550 nm) at a dose of 18J/cm(2) for 1h and then incubation at 37 degrees C for 4h. Following 0.5 and 1mM 5-ALA-based PDT (5-ALA-PDT), Wright staining and ApopTag assay showed occurrence of apoptosis morphologically and biochemically, respectively. After 5-ALA-PDT, down regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) and baculovirus inhibitor-of-apoptosis repeat containing-3 (BIRC-3) protein indicated inhibition of survival signals. Besides, 5-ALA-PDT caused increase in Bax:Bcl-2 ratio and mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Activation of calpain, caspase-9, and caspase-3 occurred in course of apoptosis. Calpain and caspase-3 activities cleaved alpha-spectrin at specific sites generating 145kD spectrin breakdown product (SBDP) and 120kD SBDP, respectively. The results suggested that 5-ALA-PDT induced apoptosis in U87MG cells by suppression of survival signals and activation of proteolytic pathways. Thus, 5-ALA-PDT can be an effective strategy for inducing apoptosis in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Swapan K Ray
- *Corresponding author. Tel: +1-843-792-7595; fax: +1-843-792-8626. E-mail: (S. K. Ray)
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Taglia L, Matusiak D, Matkowskyj KA, Benya RV. Gastrin-releasing peptide mediates its morphogenic properties in human colon cancer by upregulating intracellular adhesion protein-1 (ICAM-1) via focal adhesion kinase. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 292:G182-90. [PMID: 16920698 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00201.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and its receptor (GRPR) act as morphogens when expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), promoting the assumption of a better differentiated phenotype by regulating cell motility in the context of remodeling and retarding tumor cell metastasis by enhancing cell-matrix attachment. Although we have shown that these processes are mediated by focal adhesion kinase (FAK), the downstream target(s) of GRP-induced FAK activation are not known. Since osteoblast differentiation is mediated by FAK-initiated upregulation of ICAM-1 (Nakayamada S, Okada Y, Saito K, Tamura M, Tanaka Y. J Biol Chem 278: 45368-45374, 2003), we determined whether GRP-induced activation of FAK alters ICAM-1 expression in CRC and, if so, determined the contribution of ICAM-1 to mediating GRP's morphogenic properties. Caco-2 and HT-29 cells variably express GRP/GRPR. These cells only express ICAM-1 when GRPR are present. In human CRC, GRPR and ICAM-1 are only expressed by better differentiated tumor cells, with ICAM-1 located at the basolateral membrane. ICAM-1 expression was only observed subsequent to GRPR signaling via FAK. To study the effect of ICAM-1 expression on tumor cell motility, CRC cells expressing GRP, GRPR, and ICAM-1 were cultured in the presence and absence of GRPR antagonist or monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1. CRC cells engaged in directed motility in the context of remodeling and were highly adherent to the extracellular matrix, only in the absence of antagonist or ICAM-1 antibody. These data indicate that GRP upregulation of ICAM-1 via FAK promotes tumor cell motility and attachment to the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Taglia
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Chu ESM, Wu RWK, Yow CMN, Wong TKS, Chen JY. The cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of 5-aminolevulinic acid on lymphocytes: a comet assay study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2006; 58:408-14. [PMID: 16408204 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-005-0169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its hexylester (ALA-H) are the drugs currently used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The side effect, especially the long-term side effect of these drugs is a problem of concern in this field, which has not been clearly understood yet. PURPOSE The normal lymphocytes and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells were used as the cell models to evaluate the side effects of ALA or ALA-H in the absence of light or under sub-lethal doses of light. METHODS The cytotoxic and DNA-damaging effects of ALA or ALA-H on lymphocytes and NPC cells were studied by means of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and the alkaline comet assay. ALA at 0.75 mM concentration and ALA-H at 10-microM concentrations were selected in the studies. This is because under these concentrations, ALA- or ALA-H-mediated PDT can destroy most NPC cells in vitro. The intracellular distributions of the protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), induced by the ALA or ALA-H, were measured by the confocal laser scanning microscope to provide more information for understanding the DNA damage. RESULTS The incubation of 0.75 mM ALA or 10 microM ALA-H alone (without light) did not cause DNA damage as well as the considerable cytotoxic effect on NPC cells. However, after ALA (0.75 mM) incubation and without light irradiation, the serious cytotoxicity and remarkable DNA damage were found in lymphocytes. When the lymphocytes were incubated with ALA-H (10 microM) alone (in the absence of light), no DNA damage could be detected and a slight cytotoxic effect was found. Both ALA and ALA-H induced PpIX in the lymphocytes. The fluorescence images of PpIX intracellular localization demonstrated that the PpIX diffused into the nuclear region in ALA-(0.75 mM)-incubated lymphocytes but not existed in the nucleus of ALA-H(10 microM)- incubated lymphocytes, providing an explanation for the facts that ALA (0.75 mM) induced the DNA damage while ALA-H (10 microM) did not. CONCLUSION These results suggested that the genotoxic potential of lymphocytes seems high for ALA (0.75 mM) and could be excluded for ALA-H (10 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- E S M Chu
- Biomedical Science Section, School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China.
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