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Pak YK, Im S, Choi HS, Lind L, Lind M, Lee HK. Correlation between environmental pollutant exposure and cardiopulmonary health by serum biomarker analysis in the Swedish elderly population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39037202 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2382306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) affect human health through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway and are implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction. Using data from the PIVUS study, we investigated the associations of serum AhR ligand (POP)-mediated luciferase activity (AhRL), mitochondrial ATP production inhibiting substances (MIS-ATP), and those affecting reactive oxygen species (MIS-ROS) with several metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiopulmonary function parameters. These include insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiopulmonary variables (FVC, FEV1, LV-EF, CCA distensibility). MIS-ATP showed significant correlations with HOMA-IR and pulmonary functions, indicating its direct impact of MIS-ATP on metabolic and pulmonary health. MIS-ROS correlated with oxidative stress markers and CCA distensibility, suggesting a role in systemic inflammatory responses. This study highlights the intricate relationships between environmental pollutant mixture and cardiopulmonary health in MetS as indicated by biomarkers of POP exposure in the elderly population, suggesting POP exposure may influence MetS onset and progression through mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suyeol Im
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoon Sung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monica Lind
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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2
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Hong RP, Hou YY, Xu XJ, Lang JD, Jin YF, Zeng XF, Zhang X, Tian G, You X. The Difference of Gut Microbiota and Their Correlations With Urinary Organic Acids Between Autistic Children With and Without Atopic Dermatitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:886196. [PMID: 35800387 PMCID: PMC9253573 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.886196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a kind of biologically based neurodevelopmental condition, and the coexistence of atopic dermatitis (AD) is not uncommon. Given that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of both diseases, we aimed to explore the differences of gut microbiota and their correlations with urinary organic acids between autistic children with and without AD. We enrolled 61 autistic children including 36 with AD and 25 without AD. The gut microbiota was sequenced by metagenomic shotgun sequencing, and the diversity, compositions, and functional pathways were analyzed further. Urinary organic acids were assayed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and univariate/multivariate analyses were applied. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to explore their relationships. In our study, AD individuals had more prominent gastrointestinal disorders. The alpha diversity of the gut microbiota was lower in the AD group. LEfSe analysis showed a higher abundance of Anaerostipes caccae, Eubacterium hallii, and Bifidobacterium bifidum in AD individuals, with Akkermansia muciniphila, Roseburia intestinalis, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Rothia mucilaginosa in controls. Meanwhile, functional profiles showed that the pathway of lipid metabolism had a higher proportion in the AD group, and the pathway of xenobiotics biodegradation was abundant in controls. Among urinary organic acids, adipic acid, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, tartaric acid, homovanillic acid, 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, aconitic acid, and 2-hydroxyhippuric acid were richer in the AD group. However, only adipic acid remained significant in the multivariate analysis (OR = 1.513, 95% CI [1.042, 2.198], P = 0.030). In the correlation analysis, Roseburia intestinalis had a negative correlation with aconitic acid (r = -0.14, P = 0.02), and the latter was positively correlated with adipic acid (r = 0.41, P = 0.006). Besides, the pathway of xenobiotics biodegradation seems to inversely correlate with adipic acid (r = -0.42, P = 0.18). The gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of AD in autistic children, and more well-designed studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-ping Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-ying Hou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-jie Xu
- Medical Science Research Center, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Scientific Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Xiao-feng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xin You
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
- Autism Special Fund, Peking Union Medical Foundation, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin You,
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Panov A, Mayorov VI, Dikalov S. Metabolic Syndrome and β-Oxidation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Brain, Heart, and Kidney Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4047. [PMID: 35409406 PMCID: PMC9000033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We present evidence that metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents the postreproductive stage of the human postembryonic ontogenesis. Accordingly, the genes governing this stage experience relatively weak evolutionary selection pressure, thus representing the metabolic phenotype of distant ancestors with β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (FAs) as the primary energy source. Mitochondria oxidize at high-rate FAs only when succinate, glutamate, or pyruvate are present. The heart and brain mitochondria work at a wide range of functional loads and possess an intrinsic inhibition of complex II to prevent oxidative stress at periods of low functional activity. Kidney mitochondria constantly work at a high rate and lack inhibition of complex II. We suggest that in people with MetS, oxidative stress is the central mechanism of the heart and brain pathologies. Oxidative stress is a secondary pathogenetic mechanism in the kidney, while the primary mechanisms are kidney hypoxia caused by persistent hyperglycemia and hypertension. Current evidence suggests that most of the nongenetic pathologies associated with MetS originate from the inconsistencies between the metabolic phenotype acquired after the transition to the postreproductive stage and excessive consumption of food rich in carbohydrates and a sedentary lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Panov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31201, USA;
| | - Vladimir I. Mayorov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31201, USA;
| | - Sergey Dikalov
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
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Choi HS, Kim JT, Lee HK, Park WH, Pak YK, Lee SW. Clinical Value of Serum Mitochondria-Inhibiting Substances in Assessing Renal Hazards: A Community-Based Prospective Study in Korea. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:1298-1306. [PMID: 34823307 PMCID: PMC8743589 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly associated with several kidney diseases. However, no studies have evaluated the potential renal hazards of serum mitochondria-inhibiting substance (MIS) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand (AhRL) levels. METHODS We used serum level of MIS and AhRL and clinical renal outcomes from 1,511 participants of a prospective community-based cohort in Ansung. MIS was evaluated based on intracellular adenosine triphosphate (MIS-ATP) or reactive oxygen species (MIS-ROS) generation measured using cell-based assays. RESULTS During a mean 6.9-year follow-up, 84 participants (5.6%) developed a rapid decline in kidney function. In the lowest quartile group of MIS-ATP, patients were older and had metabolically deleterious parameters. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher MIS-ATP was associated with decreased odds for rapid decline: the odds ratio (OR) of 1% increase was 0.977 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.957 to 0.998; P=0.031), while higher MIS-ROS was marginally associated with increased odds for rapid decline (OR, 1.014; 95% CI, 0.999 to 1.028; P=0.055). However, serum AhRL was not associated with the rapid decline in kidney function. In subgroup analysis, the renal hazard of MIS was particularly evident in people with hypertension and low baseline kidney function. CONCLUSION Serum MIS was independently associated with a rapid decline in kidney function, while serum AhRL was not. The clinical implication of renal hazard on serum MIS requires further evaluation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Sung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon,
Korea
| | - Jin Taek Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Wook Ha Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sung Woo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu,
Korea
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Le Y, Shen H, Yang Z, Lu D, Wang C. Comprehensive analysis of organophosphorus flame retardant-induced mitochondrial abnormalities: Potential role in lipid accumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116541. [PMID: 33529899 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), a group of new emerging endocrine disruption chemicals, have been reported to cause metabolic disturbance. Currently, mitochondrial abnormality is a new paradigm for evaluating chemical-mediated metabolic disruption. However, a comprehensive correlation between these two aspects of OPFR remains elusive. In the work reported here, 3 markers for morphological abnormality, and 7 markers of mitochondrial dysfunction were detected after treatment with two aryl-OPFRs (TCP and TPhP) and three chlorinated-OPFRs (TDCPP, TCPP, and TCEP) on hepatocyte. The two aryl-OPFRs and TDCPP can cause intracellular lipid accumulation at non-cytotoxic concentrations (<10 μM), while the other two chlorinated-OPFRs only caused lipid deposition at 10 μM. Furthermore, at the tested concentrations, all of them reduced mitochondrial (mito)-network numbers, enlarged mito-area/cells, and skewed mitoATP/glycoATP. Excluding TCEP, the other four chemicals induced mito-ROS and depleted mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Notably, only TCP, TPhP and TDCPP impeded mitoATP generation rate and mito-respiratory rate. Based on potency estimates, the capacity for lipid accumulation was significantly correlated with mito-network numbers (R2 = 0.6481, p < 0.01), mitoATP/glycoATP (R2 = 0.5197, p < 0.01), mitoROS (R2 = 0.7197, p < 0.01), and MMP (R2 = 0.7715, p < 0.01). Remarkably, the mito-respiratory rate (R2 = 0.8753, p < 0.01) exhibited the highest correlation. Thus, the more potent lipid inducers TPhP, TCP and TDCPP could be identified. The results of this study demonstrate that aryl-OPFRs are more potent in metabolic disruption than other esters examined. Metabolic disruption should be examined further for chemicals that have the capacity to counteract the aforementioned functions of mitochondrial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Le
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Shen
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhao Lu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Oliver DMA, Reddy PH. Molecular Basis of Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Mitochondria. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:S95-S116. [PMID: 30932888 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive impairments. With the increased aging population, AD is a major health concern in society. Morphological and pathological studies revealed that AD is associated with the loss of synapses, defective mitochondria, and the proliferation of reactive astrocytes and microglia, in addition to the presence amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau in learning and memory regions of the brain in AD patients. AD occurs in two forms: early-onset familial and late-onset sporadic. Genetic mutations in APP, PS1, and PS2 loci cause familial AD. Multiple factors are reported to be involved in late-onset AD, including APOE4 genotype, polymorphisms in several gene loci and type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and age-related factors, including increased reactive oxygen species production and dysfunction in mitochondria. It is widely accepted that synaptic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction are early events in disease process. The purpose of this article is to highlight molecular triggers to the disease process. This article also reviews factors, including age, gender, lifestyle, epigenetic factors, and type 2 diabetes, that are involved in late-onset AD. This article also discusses recent developments in research of mitochondrial structure, function, physiology, dynamics, biogenesis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial DNA changes in healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryll M A Oliver
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Lubbock, TX, United States
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7
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Mitochondrial DNA content and deletion ratio are associated with metabolic syndrome in a general population exposed to pesticide. Mol Cell Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-020-00079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ranganathan A, Owiredu S, Jang DH, Eckmann DM. Prophylaxis of mitochondrial dysfunction caused by cellular decompression from hyperbaric exposure. Mitochondrion 2020; 52:8-19. [PMID: 32045716 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction occurring in response to cellular perturbations can include altered mitochondrial motility and bioenergetic function having intracellular heterogeneity. Exogenous mitochondrial directed therapy may correct these dysfunctions. Using in vitro approaches, we find that cell perturbations induced by rapid decompression from hyperbaric conditions with specific gas exposures has differential effects on mitochondrial motility, inner membrane potential, cellular respiration, reactive oxygen species production, impaired maintenance of cell shape and altered intracellular distribution of bioenergetic capacity in perinuclear and cell peripheral domains. Addition of a first-generation cell-permeable succinate prodrug to support mitochondrial function has positive overall effects in blunting the resultant bioenergy responses. Our results with this model of perturbed cell function induced by rapid decompression indicate that alterations in bioenergetic state are partitioned within the cell, as directly assessed by a combination of mitochondrial respiration and dynamics measurements. Reductions in the observed level of dysfunction produced can be achieved with application of the cell-permeable succinate prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Ranganathan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Shawn Owiredu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - David H Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhang T, Lou J, Liu J. L-Arabinose Elicits Gut-Derived Hydrogen Production and Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome in C57BL/6J Mice on High-Fat-Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123054. [PMID: 31847305 PMCID: PMC6950088 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) associated with excess calorie intake has become a great public health concern worldwide. L-arabinose, a naturally occurring plant pentose, has a promising future as a novel food ingredient with benefits in MS; yet the mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. Gut microbiota is recently recognized to play key roles in MS. Molecular hydrogen, an emerging medical gas with reported benefits in MS, can be produced and utilized by gut microbes. Here we show oral L-arabinose elicited immediate and robust release of hydrogen in mice in a dose-and-time-dependent manner while alleviating high-fat-diet (HFD) induced MS including increased body weight especially fat weight, impaired insulin sensitivity, liver steatosis, dyslipidemia and elevated inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, L-arabinose modulated gene-expressions involved in lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in key metabolic tissues. Antibiotics treatment abolished L-arabinose-elicited hydrogen production independent of diet type, confirming gut microbes as the source of hydrogen. q-PCR of fecal 16S rDNA revealed modulation of relative abundances of hydrogen-producing and hydrogen-consuming gut microbes as well as probiotics by HFD and L-arabinose. Our data uncovered modulating gut microbiota and hydrogen yield, expression of genes governing lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in metabolic tissues is underlying L-arabinose's benefits in MS.
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Bourebaba L, Bedjou F, Röcken M, Marycz K. Nortropane alkaloids as pharmacological chaperones in the rescue of equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells affected by metabolic syndrome through mitochondrial potentiation, endoplasmic reticulum stress mitigation and insulin resistance alleviation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:178. [PMID: 31215461 PMCID: PMC6582509 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) refers to a cluster of associated abnormalities and metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and adiposity. The numerous biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including self-renewal and multipotency, have been the subject of many in-depth studies, for the management of EMS; however, it has been shown that this cell type may be affected by the condition, impairing thus seriously their therapeutic potential. Therefore, an attempt to rescue EMS adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) with calystegines (polyhydroxylated alkaloids) that are endowed with strong antioxidant and antidiabetic abilities was performed. METHODS ASCs isolated from EMS horses were subsequently treated with various concentrations of total calystegines. Different parameters were then assessed using flow cytometry, confocal as well as SE microscopy, and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Our results clearly demonstrated that calystegines could improve EqASC viability and proliferation and significantly reduce apoptosis, via improvement of mitochondrial potentiation and functionality, regulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways, and suppression of ER stress. Furthermore, nortropanes positively upregulated GLUT4 and IRS transcripts, indicating a possible sensitizing or mimetic effect to insulin. Most interesting finding in this investigation lies in the modulatory effect of autophagy, a process that allows the maintenance of cellular homeostasis; calystegines acted as pharmacological chaperones to promote cell survival. CONCLUSION Obtained data open new perspectives in the development of new drugs, which may improve the metabolic dynamics of cells challenged by MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland. .,International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Malin, 55-114, Wisznia Mała, Poland.
| | - Fatiha Bedjou
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies végétales et d'Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Michael Röcken
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany. .,International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Malin, 55-114, Wisznia Mała, Poland.
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11
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Kassotis CD, Stapleton HM. Endocrine-Mediated Mechanisms of Metabolic Disruption and New Approaches to Examine the Public Health Threat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:39. [PMID: 30792693 PMCID: PMC6374316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders are of great societal concern and generate substantial human health care costs globally. Interventions have resulted in only minimal impacts on disrupting this worsening health trend, increasing attention on putative environmental contributors. Exposure to numerous environmental contaminants have, over decades, been demonstrated to result in increased metabolic dysfunction and/or weight gain in cell and animal models, and in some cases, even in humans. There are numerous mechanisms through which environmental contaminants may contribute to metabolic dysfunction, though certain mechanisms, such as activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma or the retinoid x receptor, have received considerably more attention than less-studied mechanisms such as antagonism of the thyroid receptor, androgen receptor, or mitochondrial toxicity. As such, research on putative metabolic disruptors is growing rapidly, as is our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Concurrent with these advances, new research has evaluated current models of adipogenesis, and new models have been proposed. Only in the last several years have studies really begun to address complex mixtures of contaminants and how these mixtures may disrupt metabolic health in environmentally relevant exposure scenarios. Several studies have begun to assess environmental mixtures from various environments and study the mechanisms underlying their putative metabolic dysfunction; these studies hold real promise in highlighting crucial mechanisms driving observed organismal effects. In addition, high-throughput toxicity databases (ToxCast, etc.) may provide future benefits in prioritizing chemicals for in vivo testing, particularly once the causative molecular mechanisms promoting dysfunction are better understood and expert critiques are used to hone the databases. In this review, we will review the available literature linking metabolic disruption to endocrine-mediated molecular mechanisms, discuss the novel application of environmental mixtures and implications for in vivo metabolic health, and discuss the putative utility of applying high-throughput toxicity databases to answering complex organismal health outcome questions.
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12
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Obeidat Y, Catandi G, Carnevale E, Chicco AJ, DeMann A, Field S, Chen T. A multi-sensor system for measuring bovine embryo metabolism. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 126:615-623. [PMID: 30508786 PMCID: PMC6661109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the development of a multi-sensor platform capable of simultaneous measurement of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, glucose and lactate concentrations in a micro-chamber for real-time evaluation of metabolic flux in bovine embryos. A micro-chamber containing all three sensors (DO, glucose, and lactate) was made to evaluate metabolic flux of single oocytes or embryos at different stages of development in ≤ 120 µL of respiration buffer. The ability of the sensor to detect a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis was demonstrated in embryos by an ablation of oxygen consumption and an increase in lactate production following addition of oligomycin, an inhibitor of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. An increased reliance upon glycolysis relative to OXPHOS was demonstrated in embryos as they developed from morula to hatched blastocysts by a progressive increase in the lactate/oxygen flux ratio, consistent with isolated metabolic assessments reported previously. These studies highlight the utility of a metabolic multi-sensor for integrative real-time monitoring of aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism in bovine embryos, with potential applications in the study of metabolic processes in oocyte and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusra Obeidat
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Giovana Catandi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Elaine Carnevale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - August DeMann
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Stuart Field
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Tom Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Hu C, He X, Li X, Sun L, Zheng C, Liang Q, Lv Z, Huang Z, Qi K, Yuan H, Zhu X, Yang Y, Zhou Q, Yang Z. Comparative Study for the Association of Mitochondrial Haplogroup F+ and Metabolic Syndrome between Longevity and Control Population in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:302-307. [PMID: 29380859 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study suggested that mitochondrial haplogroup F (mtDNA F) was a longevity-associated biomarker, but the effect of mitochondrial haplogroup F on longevity individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) was not clear. Thus we explored the association between mtDNA F and MetS among longevity and control population in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. METHOD A total of 793 individuals consisting of 307 long-lived participants and 486 local healthy controls were involved in this study. Genotypes of mtDNA F were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequenced. MetS was defined according to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII ) criteria. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS in longevity group (28.0%) was higher than that (18.5%) in control group (P=0.002). Through the case-control stratify analysis, the prevalence of MetS in mtDNA F+ longevity individuals (29.8%) was 4.6 fold higher than that (5.3%) in local control group (P<0.001). However, after further longevity-only analysis, no association between MetS and mtDNA F+ in longevity group was observed (P=0.167). Following same analysis of two variables in control group, we found that the prevalence of MetS in mtDNA F- (95.8%) was higher than that in mtDNA F+ (5.3%); conversely, the prevalence of non-metabolic syndrome (NMetS) in mtDNA F+ (94.7%) was markedly higher than that in mtDNA F- (4.2%) (P<0.001). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that mtDNA F+ , as a molecuar biomarker, might not only confer beneficial effect to resistance against MetS but also function as a positive factor for long-life span among the population in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hu
- Ze Yang, Ph.D. The MOH key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology. No.1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, P.R.China,
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Absence of Relationship between Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss. Int J Otolaryngol 2017; 2017:5185268. [PMID: 28757873 PMCID: PMC5512046 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5185268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many drugs used for cancer chemotherapy produce reactive oxygen species, thus leading to various complications including nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and ototoxicity. Objective We have provided a haplogroup analysis of a cohort of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and compared factors associated with associated hearing loss. Study Design and Methods This observational cohort study includes a pure-tone audiometry of the patients who underwent chemotherapeutic treatment. Medical history, presence of risk factors for hearing loss, toxic habits, and association with haplogroups have been determined. Results 40% of patients developed hearing loss after administration of cisplatin, which was bilateral and symmetrical and of high frequencies. The most frequent haplogroup was H with a slight overexpression of groups V and K and a low frequency of groups J and T. No association of the haplogroup types with the hearing loss has been found; however age was revealed as an important determining factor. Conclusions Ototoxicity caused by cisplatin is manifested as bilateral, symmetrical, and predominantly high frequency hearing loss. Although we did not find a strong correlation of haplogroups with ototoxicity, our results revealed the existence of a risk group of elderly patients over 60, which are more susceptible to hearing loss induced by cisplatin, than young adults, regardless of preexisting hearing loss.
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Jiang X, Tang T, Zhao H, Song Q, Zhou H, Han Q, Diao X. Differential gene responses in the embryo of the green mussel Perna viridis exposed to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:477-486. [PMID: 30090516 PMCID: PMC6062083 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The green-lipped mussel, Perna viridis, is considered to be an ideal indicator for marine environmental pollution. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), a typical persistent organic pollutant, is extensively distributed in marine environments. However, little is known about the toxic effects of DDT on the embryo of marine animals, particularly in marine bivalves. Using next-generation sequencing technology, we studied P. viridis embryo after DDT stress at the transcriptome level. A total of 99 202 unigenes were obtained based on the 2383 bp of unigene N50. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) participated in the various molecular pathways of biological effects, including oxidative stress, detoxification, innate immunity and neurobehavioral disease. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to verify the mRNA expression of several genes identified by differential gene expression (DGE) analysis. The results indicated that DDT was in induced a dose-dependent manner in the embryo of P. viridis, and most genes involved in oxidative stress and detoxification were up-regulated by DDT exposure; however, the immunity-related genes were down-regulated, except the genes involved in phagocytosis. Gene expression changes in embryo from P. viridis provide a preliminary basis to better understand the molecular toxic response mechanisms of embryo to DDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea , Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry , Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China .
| | - Tianle Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea , Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China
- School of Tropical and Laboratory Medicine , Hainan Medical University , Haikou , 571199 , China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea , Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China
- School of Tropical and Laboratory Medicine , Hainan Medical University , Haikou , 571199 , China
| | - Qinqin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea , Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry , Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China .
| | - Hailong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea , Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry , Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China .
| | - Qian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea , Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry , Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China .
| | - Xiaoping Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea , Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry , Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China .
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16
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Jha SK, Jha NK, Kumar D, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Linking mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome and stress signaling in Neurodegeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:1132-1146. [PMID: 27345267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests a link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) such as diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). For instance, accumulated Aβ oligomer is enhancing neuronal Ca2+ release and neural NO where increased NO level in the brain through post translational modification is modulating the level of insulin production. It has been further confirmed that irrespective of origin; brain insulin resistance triggers a cascade of the neurodegeneration phenomenon which can be aggravated by free reactive oxygen species burden, ER stress, metabolic dysfunction, neuorinflammation, reduced cell survival and altered lipid metabolism. Moreover, several studies confirmed that MetS and diabetic sharing common mechanisms in the progression of AD and NDDs where mitochondrial dynamics playing a critical role. Any mutation in mitochondrial DNA, exposure of environmental toxin, high-calorie intake, homeostasis imbalance, glucolipotoxicity is causative factors for mitochondrial dysfunction. These cumulative pleiotropic burdens in mitochondria leads to insulin resistance, increased ROS production; enhanced stress-related enzymes that is directly linked MetS and diabetes in neurodegeneration. Since, the linkup mechanism between mitochondrial dysfunction and disease phenomenon of both MetS and NDDs is quite intriguing, therefore, it is pertinent for the researchers to identify and implement the therapeutic interventions for targeting MetS and NDDs. Herein, we elucidated the pertinent role of MetS induced mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons and their consequences in NDDs. Further, therapeutic potential of well-known biomolecules and chaperones to target altered mitochondria has been comprehensively documented. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Quality in Diabetes/Obesity and Critical Illness Spectrum of Diseases - edited by P. Hemachandra Reddy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India.
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Wang M, Wang C, Han RH, Han X. Novel advances in shotgun lipidomics for biology and medicine. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 61:83-108. [PMID: 26703190 PMCID: PMC4733395 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The field of lipidomics, as coined in 2003, has made profound advances and been rapidly expanded. The mass spectrometry-based strategies of this analytical methodology-oriented research discipline for lipid analysis are largely fallen into three categories: direct infusion-based shotgun lipidomics, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based platforms, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry-based approaches (particularly in imagining lipid distribution in tissues or cells). This review focuses on shotgun lipidomics. After briefly introducing its fundamentals, the major materials of this article cover its recent advances. These include the novel methods of lipid extraction, novel shotgun lipidomics strategies for identification and quantification of previously hardly accessible lipid classes and molecular species including isomers, and novel tools for processing and interpretation of lipidomics data. Representative applications of advanced shotgun lipidomics for biological and biomedical research are also presented in this review. We believe that with these novel advances in shotgun lipidomics, this approach for lipid analysis should become more comprehensive and high throughput, thereby greatly accelerating the lipidomics field to substantiate the aberrant lipid metabolism, signaling, trafficking, and homeostasis under pathological conditions and their underpinning biochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Rowland H Han
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; Orlando, FL 32827, USA; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bingwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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18
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A. P, Nair A, S. S. A, V. M. N, K. G. R. Bilobalide safeguards 3T3-L1 adipocytes from hypoxia through protecting mitochondrial bioenergetics, biogenesis and dynamics. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22298f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia leads to mitochondrial dysfunction by altering dynamics, biogenesis, and OXPHOS while bilobalide protects mitochondria from hypoxia in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka A.
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- CSIR – National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Anupama Nair
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- CSIR – National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Anusree S. S.
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- CSIR – National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Nisha V. M.
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- CSIR – National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Raghu K. G.
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- CSIR – National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
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19
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Abstract
The obtaining of nutrients is the most important task in our lives. Energy is central to life's evolutions; this was one of the aspect that induced the selection of the more adaptable and more energetically profitable species. Nowadays things have changed in our modern society. A high proportion of people has access to plenty amount of food and the obesity appear as one of the pathological characteristics of our society. Energy is obtained essentially in the mitochondria with the transfer of protons across the inner membrane that produce ATP. The exactly regulation of the synthesis and degradation of ATP (ATP ↔ ADP + phosphate) is essential to all form of life. This task is performed by the 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). mtDNA is highly exposed to oxidative damage and could play a central role in human health and disease. This high potential rate of abnormalities is controlled by one of the most complex mechanism: the autophagy. AMPK appears to be the key cellular energy sensor involved in multiple cellular mechanisms and is essential to have a good metabolic homeostasis to face all the aggression and start the inflammatory reaction. Therefore its disturbances have been related with multiple diseases. Recent findings support the role of AMPK in inflammation and immunity such as Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity and Diabetes. All these Metabolic Disorders are considered pandemics and they need an adequate control and prevention. One important way to achieve it is deepen in the pathogenic mechanisms. Mitochondria and AMPK are the key elements through which it happen, their knowledge and research allow us to a better management. The discovery and use of drugs that can modulate them is imperative to improve our way of manage the metabolic disorders.
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20
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Rodriguez-Araujo G, Nakagami H, Takami Y, Katsuya T, Akasaka H, Saitoh S, Shimamoto K, Morishita R, Rakugi H, Kaneda Y. Low alpha-synuclein levels in the blood are associated with insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12081. [PMID: 26159928 PMCID: PMC4498217 DOI: 10.1038/srep12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the protein alpha-synuclein (SNCA) have been linked to Parkinson's disease. We recently reported that non-mutated SNCA enhanced glucose uptake through the Gab1-PI3 kinase-Akt pathway and elucidated its effects on glucose regulation. Here, we examined the association of SNCA with insulin resistance (IR), a condition that is characterized by decreased tissue glucose uptake. Our observations include those from a population study as well as a SNCA-deficient mouse model, which had not previously been characterized in an IR scenario. In 1,152 patients, we found that serum SNCA levels were inversely correlated with IR indicators--body mass index, homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI)--and, to a lesser extent, with blood pressure and age. Additionally, SNCA-deficient mice displayed alterations in glucose and insulin responses during diet-induced IR. Moreover, during euglycemic clamp assessments, SNCA knock-out mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) showed severe IR in adipose tissues and skeletal muscle. These findings provide new insights into IR and diabetes and point to SNCA as a potential candidate for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoichi Takami
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Second Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Shigeyuki Saitoh
- Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Second Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Kazuaki Shimamoto
- Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Second Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Litvinova L, Atochin DN, Fattakhov N, Vasilenko M, Zatolokin P, Kirienkova E. Nitric oxide and mitochondria in metabolic syndrome. Front Physiol 2015; 6:20. [PMID: 25741283 PMCID: PMC4330700 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic disorders that collectively increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in the pathogeneses of MS components and is involved in different mitochondrial signaling pathways that control respiration and apoptosis. The present review summarizes the recent information regarding the interrelations of mitochondria and NO in MS. Changes in the activities of different NO synthase isoforms lead to the formation of metabolic disorders and therefore are highlighted here. Reduced endothelial NOS activity and NO bioavailability, as the main factors underlying the endothelial dysfunction that occurs in MS, are discussed in this review in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. We also focus on potential therapeutic strategies involving NO signaling pathways that can be used to treat patients with metabolic disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. The article may help researchers develop new approaches for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Litvinova
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Biotechnologies, Innovation Park of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversityKaliningrad, Russia
| | - Dmitriy N. Atochin
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Nikolai Fattakhov
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Biotechnologies, Innovation Park of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversityKaliningrad, Russia
| | - Mariia Vasilenko
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Biotechnologies, Innovation Park of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversityKaliningrad, Russia
| | - Pavel Zatolokin
- Department of Reconstructive and Endoscopic Surgery, Kaliningrad Regional HospitalKaliningrad, Russia
| | - Elena Kirienkova
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Biotechnologies, Innovation Park of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversityKaliningrad, Russia
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22
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Abstract
The worldwide epidemic of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the last few decades cannot be fully accounted for only by changes in the lifestyle factors, such as sedentary lifestyle and overeating. Besides genetic factors, there must be other causes to explain this rapid change. They could not be infectious in nature and induce insulin resistance as key biochemical abnormality. Mitochondrial dysfunction could be underlying mechanism behind the insulin resistance, thus metabolic syndrome. Then there have been increasing number of reports suggesting that chronic exposure to and accumulation of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), especially so-called the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) within the body might be associated with metabolic syndrome. Combining two concepts, we developed new "EDCs-induced mitochondrial dysfunction hypothesis of metabolic syndrome". In this review we suggest that classifying those chemicals into 5 groups might be clinically useful considering their removal or avoidance; POPs, non-persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, air pollutants and drugs. We will also discuss briefly how those insights could be applied to clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Taek Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea
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23
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Lee HK, Shim EB. Extension of the mitochondria dysfunction hypothesis of metabolic syndrome to atherosclerosis with emphasis on the endocrine-disrupting chemicals and biophysical laws. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 4:19-33. [PMID: 24843625 PMCID: PMC4019282 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and its component phenotypes, hyperglycemia, hypertension, (abdominal) obesity and hypertriglyceridemia, are major risk factors for atherosclerosis. Recently, associations between exposure to endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs), mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis have been established, suggesting a possible common mechanism underlying these phenomena. Extending a previously proposed mitochondria dysfunction theory of metabolic syndrome and using biophysical laws, such as metabolic scaling, Murray's law and fractal geometry of the vascular branching system, we propose that atherosclerosis could be explained as an ill‐adaptive change occurring in nutrient‐supplying arteries in response to the decreasing tissue energy demand caused by tissue mitochondrial dysfunction. Various aspects of this new hypothesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine Eulji University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Eun Bo Shim
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Kyu Lee
- Bumsuk Professor of Medicine
Eulji University College of Medicine and Eulji Hospital,
Seoul, Korea
E-mail:
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25
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Jeong S, Jo YM, Shim SO, Choi YJ, Youn CH. A novel model for metabolic syndrome risk quantification based on areal similarity degree. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2013; 61:665-79. [PMID: 24144655 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2013.2286197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) refers to a clustering of specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors whose underlying pathology is thought to be related to insulin resistance. The risk factors include insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension and it is known to increase the risk for CVD and type II diabetes. Since MS helps to identify individuals at high risk for both CVD and type II diabetes, it has become a major public healthcare issue in many countries. There has been much effort to establish diagnostic criteria for MS, but the current diagnostic criteria of MS have weaknesses, such as binary decision based on diagnostic criteria, equal weight among risk factors, and difficulty in estimating the temporal progress of the risk factors. To resolve these problems, this paper proposes a risk quantification model for MS, which is based on areal similarity degree analysis between weighted radar charts comprising MS diagnostic criteria and examination results of risk factors. The clinical effectiveness of the proposed model is extensively evaluated by using data of a large number of subjects obtained from the third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The evaluation results show that the proposed model can quantify the risk of MS and effectively identify a group of subjects who might be classified into a potential risk group for having MS in the future.
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26
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Abstract
Development of metabolic syndrome is attributed to genes, dietary intake, physical activity and environmental factors. Fetal programming due to maternal nutrition is also an important factor especially in developing countries where intrauterine growth retardation followed by excess nutrition postnatally is causing mismatch predisposing individuals to development of metabolic syndrome and its components. Several epidemiological and animal studies have provided evidence for the link between intrauterine growth retardation and adult metabolic diseases. Deficiency of macronutrients, protein and carbohydrates, during pregnancy and gestation results in lower infant birth weight, a surrogate marker of fetal growth and subsequently insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypertension and adiposity in adulthood. The role of micronutrients is less extensively studied but however gaining attention with several recent studies focusing on this aspect. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the developmental origin of adult diseases important among them being alteration of hypothalamic pituitary axis, epigenetic regulation of gene expression and oxidative stress. All of these mechanisms may be acting at different time during gestation and contributing to development of metabolic syndrome in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Lakshmy
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110049, India,
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27
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de Lorgeril M, Salen P, Defaye P, Rabaeus M. Recent findings on the health effects of omega-3 fatty acids and statins, and their interactions: do statins inhibit omega-3? BMC Med 2013; 11:5. [PMID: 23289647 PMCID: PMC3571733 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated the health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3), whereas recent RCTs were negative. We now address the issue, focusing on the temporal changes having occurred: most patients in recent RCTs are no longer n-3 deficient and the vast majority are now treated with statins. Recent RCTs testing n-3 against arrhythmias suggest that n-3 reduce the risk only in patients not taking a statin. Other recent RCTs in secondary prevention were negative although, in a post-hoc analysis separating statin users and non-users, non-significant protection of n-3 was observed among statin non-users whereas statin users had no effect. Recent RCTs testing statins - after the implementation of the New Clinical Trial Regulation in 2007 - are negative (or flawed) suggesting that the lack of effect of n-3 cannot be attributed to a parallel protection by statins. Finally, statins favor the metabolism of omega-6 fatty acids (n-6), which in turn inhibits n-3 and, contrary to n-3, they increase insulin resistance and the risk of diabetes. Thus, n-3 and statins are counteractive at several levels and statins appear to inhibit n-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel de Lorgeril
- Laboratoire Coeur et Nutrition, TIMC-IMAG CNRS 5525, Université Joseph Fourier, Faculté de Médecine de Grenoble, 38054 La Tronche, France.
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28
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Liu D, Li H, Lu J, Bai Y. Tissue-specific implications of mitochondrial alterations in aging. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2013; 5:734-47. [PMID: 23277028 DOI: 10.2741/e654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process during which physiological alterations occur in all tissues. A decline in mitochondrial function plays an important role in the process of aging and in aging-associated diseases. The mitochondrial genome encodes 13 essential subunits of protein complexes belonging to the oxidative phosphorylation system, while most of the mitochondria-related genes are encoded by the nuclear genome. Coordination between the nucleus and mitochondria is crucial for the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. In this review, we will discuss aging-related mitochondrial dysfunction in various tissues and its implication in aging-related diseases and the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhui Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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29
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Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) sustains organelle function and plays a central role in cellular energy metabolism. The OXPHOS system consists of 5 multisubunit complexes (CI-CV) that are built up of 92 different structural proteins encoded by the nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Biogenesis of a functional OXPHOS system further requires the assistance of nDNA-encoded OXPHOS assembly factors, of which 35 are currently identified. In humans, mutations in both structural and assembly genes and in genes involved in mtDNA maintenance, replication, transcription, and translation induce 'primary' OXPHOS disorders that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Leigh syndrome (LS), which is probably the most classical OXPHOS disease during early childhood. Here, we present the current insights regarding function, biogenesis, regulation, and supramolecular architecture of the OXPHOS system, as well as its genetic origin. Next, we provide an inventory of OXPHOS structural and assembly genes which, when mutated, induce human neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we discuss the consequences of mutations in OXPHOS structural and assembly genes at the single cell level and how this information has advanced our understanding of the role of OXPHOS dysfunction in neurodegeneration.
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Lim KM, Yang SH, Shim EB. Systemic modelling of human bioenergetics and blood circulation. IET Syst Biol 2012; 6:187-95. [PMID: 23101873 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2011.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reviews the main aspects of human bioenergetics and the dynamics of the cardiovascular system, with emphasis on modelling their physiological characteristics. The methods used to study human bioenergetics and circulation dynamics, including the use of mathematical models, are summarised. The main characteristics of human bioenergetics, including mitochondrial metabolism and global energy balance, are first described, and the systemic aspects of blood circulation and related physiological issues are introduced. The authors also discuss the present status of studies of human bioenergetics and blood circulation. Then, the limitations of the existing studies are described in an effort to identify directions for future research towards integrated and comprehensive modelling. This review emphasises that a multi-scale and multi-physical approach to bioenergetics and blood circulation that considers multiple scales and physiological factors are necessary for the appropriate clinical application of computational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Lim
- Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh Institute of Technology, Daehakro, Kumi, Gyengpook 730-701, Republic of Korea
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Soto-Vaca A, Gutierrez A, Losso JN, Xu Z, Finley JW. Evolution of phenolic compounds from color and flavor problems to health benefits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6658-77. [PMID: 22568556 DOI: 10.1021/jf300861c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Early studies focused on the negative effects on color and flavor of foods, followed by exploration of the antioxidant properties and the associated health benefits. The growing body of evidence suggests that plant-based polyphenols may help prevent or delay the onset of a multiplicity of diseases. Newer work suggests that a variety of polyphenols can alter the expression of genes in the inflammatory pathway. Data also show that the absorption of the polyphenols is very limited. Insulin resistance and endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction are hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome and aging and occur at the early stages of the disease. There is limited clinical evidence that certain polyphenolic metabolites by virtue of their anti-inflammatory activities can improve insulin sensitivity and endothelial and mitochondrial function, suggesting that polyphenols are good for disease prevention. The goal of this review is to summarize the evolution and emphasize the potential benefits of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Soto-Vaca
- Department of Food Science, Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Jeong S, Youn CH, Shim EB, Kim M, Cho YM, Peng L. An integrated healthcare system for personalized chronic disease care in home-hospital environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 16:572-85. [PMID: 22434818 DOI: 10.1109/titb.2012.2190989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Facing the increasing demands and challenges in the area of chronic disease care, various studies on the healthcare system which can, whenever and wherever, extract and process patient data have been conducted. Chronic diseases are the long-term diseases and require the processes of the real-time monitoring, multidimensional quantitative analysis, and the classification of patients' diagnostic information. A healthcare system for chronic diseases is characterized as an at-hospital and at-home service according to a targeted environment. Both services basically aim to provide patients with accurate diagnoses of disease by monitoring a variety of physical states with a number of monitoring methods, but there are differences between home and hospital environments, and the different characteristics should be considered in order to provide more accurate diagnoses for patients, especially, patients having chronic diseases. In this paper, we propose a patient status classification method for effectively identifying and classifying chronic diseases and show the validity of the proposed method. Furthermore, we present a new healthcare system architecture that integrates the at-home and at-hospital environment and discuss the applicability of the architecture using practical target services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjin Jeong
- Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.
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Ruiz-Ramírez A, Chávez-Salgado M, Peñeda-Flores JA, Zapata E, Masso F, El-Hafidi M. High-sucrose diet increases ROS generation, FFA accumulation, UCP2 level, and proton leak in liver mitochondria. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E1198-207. [PMID: 21917631 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00631.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, a risk factor for insulin resistance, contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The relationship between increased levels of free fatty acids in the liver mitochondria, mitochondrial function, and ROS generation in rat model of obesity induced by a high-sucrose diet was not sufficiently established. We determined how the bioenergetic functions and ROS generation of the mitochondria respond to a hyperlipidemic environment. Mitochondria from sucrose-fed rats generated H(2)O(2) at a higher rate than the control mitochondria. Adding fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin to mitochondria from sucrose-fed rats significantly reduced the rate of H(2)O(2) generation. In contrast, adding exogenous oleic or linoleic acid exacerbated the rate of H(2)O(2) generation in both sucrose-fed and control mitochondria, and the mitochondria from sucrose-fed rats were more sensitive than the control mitochondria. The increased rate of H(2)O(2) generation in sucrose-fed mitochondria corresponded to decreased levels of reduced GSH and vitamin E and increased levels of Cu/Zn-SOD in the intermembrane space. There was no difference between the levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in the two types of mitochondria. In addition to the normal activity of Mn-SOD, GPX and catalase detected an increased activity of complex II, and upregulation of UCP2 was observed in mitochondria from sucrose-fed rats, all of which may accelerate respiration rates and reduce generation of ROS. In turn, these effects may protect the mitochondria of sucrose-fed rats from oxidative stress and preserve their function and integrity. However, in whole liver these adaptive mechanisms of the mitochondria were inefficient at counteracting redox imbalances and inhibiting oxidative stress outside of the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez
- Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Cellular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Tlalpan, Mexico
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Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are known to cause mitochondrial dysfunction and this in turn is linked to insulin resistance, a key biochemical abnormality underlying the metabolic syndrome. To establish the cause and effect relationship between exposure to POPs and the development of the metabolic syndrome, Koch's postulates were considered. Problems arising from this approach were discussed and possible solutions were suggested. In particular, the difficulty of establishing a cause and effect relationship due to the vagueness of the metabolic syndrome as a disease entity was discussed. Recently a bioassay, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) trans-activation activity using a cell line expressing AhR-luciferase, showed that its activity is linearly related with the parameters of the metabolic syndrome in a population. This finding suggests the possible role of bioassays in the analysis of multiple pollutants of similar kinds in the pathogenesis of several closely related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Understanding the effects of POPs on mitochondrial function will be very useful in understanding the integration of various factors involved in this process, such as genes, fetal malnutrition and environmental toxins and their protectors, as mitochondria act as a unit according to the metabolic scaling law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Youn CH, Shim EB, Lim S, Cho YM, Hong HK, Choi YS, Park HD, Lee HK. A cooperative metabolic syndrome estimation with high precision sensing unit. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 58:809-13. [PMID: 21342807 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2010.2088397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this letter, we discuss a sensor-integrated system model for metabolic syndrome prediction with workflow system. This model measures not only a cell temperature variation using invasive method but also controlling simulation for metabolic syndrome prediction. To identify the system realization, we discuss the schemes for predicting metabolic syndrome from measurement of mitochondrial activity by using high precision sensors and integrated simulation model of human energetic under high performance workflow computing environment. To predict metabolic syndrome, we built a sensor-integrated chamber that had network interface to deliver analysis results of human cells, annotation data from public hospital, and metabolic data. Using the proposed system, we showed the possibility to evaluate the functionality of human mitochondria and analyze energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Hyun Youn
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon 305-701, Korea.
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Mitochondrial medicine and biomedical engineering. Biomed Eng Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-011-0003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Bibliography. Genetics. Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2010; 22:833-5. [PMID: 21610333 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e32834179f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Karami-Mohajeri S, Abdollahi M. Toxic influence of organophosphate, carbamate, and organochlorine pesticides on cellular metabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates: a systematic review. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:1119-40. [PMID: 21071550 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110388959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides, including organophosphate (OP), organochlorine (OC), and carbamate (CB) compounds, are widely used in agricultural and indoor purposes. OP and CB act as acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that affect lots of organs such as peripheral and central nervous systems, muscles, liver, pancreas, and brain, whereas OC are neurotoxic involved in alteration of ion channels. There are several reports about metabolic disorders, hyperglycemia, and also oxidative stress in acute and chronic exposures to pesticides that are linked with diabetes and other metabolic disorders. In this respect, there are several in vitro and in vivo but few clinical studies about mechanism underlying these effects. Bibliographic databases were searched for the years 1963-2010 and resulted in 1652 articles. After elimination of duplicates or irrelevant papers, 204 papers were included and reviewed. Results indicated that OP and CB impair the enzymatic pathways involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein within cytoplasm, mitochondria, and proxisomes. It is believed that OP and CB show this effect through inhibition of AChE or affecting target organs directly. OC mostly affect lipid metabolism in the adipose tissues and change glucose pathway in other cells. As a shared mechanism, all OP, CB and OC induce cellular oxidative stress via affecting mitochondrial function and therefore disrupt neuronal and hormonal status of the body. Establishing proper epidemiological studies to explore exact relationships between exposure levels to these pesticides and rate of resulted metabolic disorders in human will be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Environmental stressors such as chemicals and physical agents induce various oxidative stresses and affect human health. To elucidate their underlying mechanisms, etiology and risk, analyses of gene expression signatures in environmental stress-induced human diseases, including neuronal disorders, cancer and diabetes, are crucially important. Recent studies have clarified oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways in human and experimental animals. These pathways are classifiable into several categories: reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and antioxidant defenses, p53 pathway signaling, nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway, hypoxia signaling, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand-receptor signaling, and mitochondrial function. This review describes the gene expression signatures through which environmental stressors induce oxidative stress and regulate signal transduction pathways in rodent and human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sone
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Kim EH, Koh EH, Park JY, Lee KU. Adenine nucleotide translocator as a regulator of mitochondrial function: implication in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. KOREAN DIABETES JOURNAL 2010; 34:146-53. [PMID: 20617074 PMCID: PMC2898927 DOI: 10.4093/kdj.2010.34.3.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play key roles in energy production and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Lines of evidence have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome. The causes of mitochondrial dysfunction are complex, but overnutrition and sedentary living are among the best known causes of mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP synthesized in the mitochondria is exchanged for cytosolic ADP by adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) to provide a continuous supply of ADP to mitochondria. We recently found that ANT function is essential for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α)'s action on endothelial cells. PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator of nuclear receptors, playing an important role in fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis. Recent studies have shown that PGC-1α decreases intracellular ROS generation by increasing the expression of antioxidant genes. In our study, PGC-1α reduced cell apoptosis and ROS generation in endothelial cells by increasing ATP/ADP translocase activity of ANT and ANT1 expression. Here we review the role of ANT in maintaining proper mitochondrial function, and possible role of ANT dysfunction in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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