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Long X, Liu M, Nan Y, Chen Q, Xiao Z, Xiang Y, Ying X, Sun J, Huang Q, Ai K. Revitalizing Ancient Mitochondria with Nano-Strategies: Mitochondria-Remedying Nanodrugs Concentrate on Disease Control. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308239. [PMID: 38224339 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, widely known as the energy factories of eukaryotic cells, have a myriad of vital functions across diverse cellular processes. Dysfunctions within mitochondria serve as catalysts for various diseases, prompting widespread cellular demise. Mounting research on remedying damaged mitochondria indicates that mitochondria constitute a valuable target for therapeutic intervention against diseases. But the less clinical practice and lower recovery rate imply the limitation of traditional drugs, which need a further breakthrough. Nanotechnology has approached favorable regiospecific biodistribution and high efficacy by capitalizing on excellent nanomaterials and targeting drug delivery. Mitochondria-remedying nanodrugs have achieved ideal therapeutic effects. This review elucidates the significance of mitochondria in various cells and organs, while also compiling mortality data for related diseases. Correspondingly, nanodrug-mediate therapeutic strategies and applicable mitochondria-remedying nanodrugs in disease are detailed, with a full understanding of the roles of mitochondria dysfunction and the advantages of nanodrugs. In addition, the future challenges and directions are widely discussed. In conclusion, this review provides comprehensive insights into the design and development of mitochondria-remedying nanodrugs, aiming to help scientists who desire to extend their research fields and engage in this interdisciplinary subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Yayun Nan
- Geriatric Medical Center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750002, P. R. China
| | - Qiaohui Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Zuoxiu Xiao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Xiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Ying
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Kelong Ai
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Aging-related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
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2
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Wankhede NL, Kale MB, Umare MD, Lokhande S, Upaganlawar AB, Wal P, Taksande BG, Umekar MJ, Khandige PS, Singh B, Sadananda V, Ramniwas S, Behl T. Revisiting the Mitochondrial Function and Communication in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:902-911. [PMID: 38482626 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128286655240304070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are distinguished by the progressive loss of anatomically or physiologically relevant neural systems. Atypical mitochondrial morphology and metabolic malfunction are found in many neurodegenerative disorders. Alteration in mitochondrial function can occur as a result of aberrant mitochondrial DNA, altered nuclear enzymes that interact with mitochondria actively or passively, or due to unexplained reasons. Mitochondria are intimately linked to the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and ER-mitochondrial communication governs several of the physiological functions and procedures that are disrupted in neurodegenerative disorders. Numerous researchers have associated these disorders with ER-mitochondrial interaction disturbance. In addition, aberrant mitochondrial DNA mutation and increased ROS production resulting in ionic imbalance and leading to functional and structural alterations in the brain as well as cellular damage may have an essential role in disease progression via mitochondrial malfunction. In this review, we explored the evidence highlighting the role of mitochondrial alterations in neurodegenerative pathways in most serious ailments, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu L Wankhede
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayur B Kale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohit D Umare
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanket Lokhande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- SNJB's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandawad 423101, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, NH-19, Bhauti Road, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Brijesh G Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind J Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasanna Shama Khandige
- Department of Conservative, Dentistry and Endodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhupendra Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
- Department of Pharmacy, S.N. Medical College, Agra, India
| | - Vandana Sadananda
- Department of Conservative, Dentistry and Endodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India
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3
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Lin Y, Ding Y, Wu Y, Yang Y, Liu Z, Xiang L, Zhang C. The underestimated role of mitochondria in vitiligo: From oxidative stress to inflammation and cell death. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14856. [PMID: 37338012 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentary disorder characterized by the depletion of melanocytes in the skin. Mitochondria shoulder multiple functions in cells, such as production of ATP, maintenance of redox balance, initiation of inflammation and regulation of cell death. Increasing evidence has implicated the involvement of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Mitochondria alteration will cause the abnormalities of mitochondria functions mentioned above, ultimately leading to melanocyte loss through various cell death modes. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a critical role in mitochondrial homeostasis, and the downregulation of Nrf2 in vitiligo may correlate with mitochondria damage, making both mitochondria and Nrf2 promising targets in treatment of vitiligo. In this review, we aim to discuss the alterations of mitochondria and its role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuecen Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leihong Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengfeng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Zhang X, Luo Z, Li J, Lin Y, Li Y, Li W. Sestrin2 in diabetes and diabetic complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1274686. [PMID: 37920252 PMCID: PMC10619741 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1274686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health problem which is accompanied with multi-systemic complications. It is of great significance to elucidate the pathogenesis and to identify novel therapies of diabetes and diabetic complications. Sestrin2, a stress-inducible protein, is primarily involved in cellular responses to various stresses. It plays critical roles in regulating a series of cellular events, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Researches investigating the correlations between Sestrin2, diabetes and diabetic complications are increasing in recent years. This review incorporates recent findings, demonstrates the diverse functions and regulating mechanisms of Sestrin2, and discusses the potential roles of Sestrin2 in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic complications, hoping to highlight a promising therapeutic direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zirui Luo
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Li
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxuan Lin
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Bassal MA. The Interplay between Dysregulated Metabolism and Epigenetics in Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:944. [PMID: 37371524 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism (or energetics) and epigenetics are tightly coupled cellular processes. It is arguable that of all the described cancer hallmarks, dysregulated cellular energetics and epigenetics are the most tightly coregulated. Cellular metabolic states regulate and drive epigenetic changes while also being capable of influencing, if not driving, epigenetic reprogramming. Conversely, epigenetic changes can drive altered and compensatory metabolic states. Cancer cells meticulously modify and control each of these two linked cellular processes in order to maintain their tumorigenic potential and capacity. This review aims to explore the interplay between these two processes and discuss how each affects the other, driving and enhancing tumorigenic states in certain contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Adel Bassal
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Sarkar P, Kumar A, Behera PS, Thirumurugan K. Phytotherapeutic targeting of the mitochondria in neurodegenerative disorders. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 136:415-455. [PMID: 37437986 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by degeneration or cellular atrophy within specific structures of the brain. Neurons are the major target of neurodegeneration. Neurons utilize 75-80% of the energy produced in the brain. This energy is either formed by utilizing the glucose provided by the cerebrovascular blood flow or by the in-house energy producers, mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. But recently it has been noticed that neurodegenerative diseases are often associated with cerebrovascular diseases. Cerebral blood flow requires vasodilation which to an extent regulated by mitochondria. We hypothesize that when mitochondrial functioning is disrupted, it is not able to supply energy to the neurons. This disruption also affects cerebral blood flow, further reducing the possibilities of energy supply. Loss of sufficient energy leads to neuronal dysfunction, atrophy, and degeneration. In this chapter, we will discuss the metabolic modifications of mitochondria in aging-related neurological disorders and the potential of phytocompounds targeting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sarkar
- Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Behera
- Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Madhubala D, Patra A, Islam T, Saikia K, Khan MR, Ahmed SA, Borah JC, Mukherjee AK. Snake venom nerve growth factor-inspired designing of novel peptide therapeutics for the prevention of paraquat-induced apoptosis, neurodegeneration, and alteration of metabolic pathway genes in the rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cell. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 197:23-45. [PMID: 36669545 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (ND), associated with the progressive loss of neurons, oxidative stress-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial dysfunction, can be treated with synthetic peptides possessing innate neurotrophic effects and neuroprotective activity. Computational analysis of two small synthetic peptides (trideca-neuropeptide, TNP; heptadeca-neuropeptide, HNP) developed from the nerve growth factors from snake venoms predicted their significant interaction with the human TrkA receptor (TrkA). In silico results were validated by an in vitro binding study of the FITC-conjugated custom peptides to rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cell TrkA receptors. Pre-treatment of PC-12 cells with TNP and HNP induced neuritogenesis and significantly reduced the paraquat (PT)-induced cellular toxicity, the release of lactate dehydrogenase from the cell cytoplasm, production of intracellular ROS, restored the level of antioxidants, prevented alteration of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and inhibited cellular apoptosis. These peptides lack in vitro cytotoxicity, haemolytic activity, and platelet-modulating properties and do not interfere with the blood coagulation system. Functional proteomic analyses demonstrated the reversal of PT-induced upregulated and downregulated metabolic pathway genes in PC-12 cells that were pre-treated with HNP and revealed the metabolic pathways regulated by HNP to induce neuritogenesis and confer protection against PT-induced neuronal damage in PC-12. The quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the PT-induced increased and decreased expression of critical pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes had been restored in the PC-12 cells pre-treated with the custom peptides. A network gene expression profile was proposed to elucidate the molecular interactions among the regulatory proteins for HNP to salvage the PT-induced damage. Taken together, our results show how the peptides can rescue PT-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular death and suggest new opportunities for developing neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Madhubala
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India; Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Taufikul Islam
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Kangkon Saikia
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Mojibur R Khan
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Semim Akhtar Ahmed
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Jagat C Borah
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India; Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
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8
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Shaito A, Al-Mansoob M, Ahmad SM, Haider MZ, Eid AH, Posadino AM, Pintus G, Giordo R. Resveratrol-Mediated Regulation of Mitochondria Biogenesis-associated Pathways in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular Insights and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1184-1201. [PMID: 36237161 PMCID: PMC10286596 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666221012122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders include different neurological conditions that affect nerve cells, causing the progressive loss of their functions and ultimately leading to loss of mobility, coordination, and mental functioning. The molecular mechanisms underpinning neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis are still unclear. Nonetheless, there is experimental evidence to demonstrate that the perturbation of mitochondrial function and dynamics play an essential role. In this context, mitochondrial biogenesis, the growth, and division of preexisting mitochondria, by controlling mitochondria number, plays a vital role in maintaining proper mitochondrial mass and function, thus ensuring efficient synaptic activity and brain function. Mitochondrial biogenesis is tightly associated with the control of cell division and variations in energy demand in response to extracellular stimuli; therefore, it may represent a promising therapeutic target for developing new curative approaches to prevent or counteract neurodegenerative disorders. Accordingly, several inducers of mitochondrial biogenesis have been proposed as pharmacological targets for treating diverse central nervous system conditions. The naturally occurring polyphenol resveratrol has been shown to promote mitochondrial biogenesis in various tissues, including the nervous tissue, and an ever-growing number of studies highlight its neurotherapeutic potential. Besides preventing cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, resveratrol has been shown to be able to enhance mitochondria biogenesis by acting on its main effectors, including PGC-1α, SIRT1, AMPK, ERRs, TERT, TFAM, NRF-1 and NRF-2. This review aims to present and discuss the current findings concerning the impact of resveratrol on the machinery and main effectors modulating mitochondrial biogenesis in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Maryam Al-Mansoob
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Salma M.S. Ahmad
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, University City Rd, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roberta Giordo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, 505055, United Arab Emirates
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Martín A, Epifano C, Vilaplana-Marti B, Hernández I, Macías RIR, Martínez-Ramírez Á, Cerezo A, Cabezas-Sainz P, Garranzo-Asensio M, Amarilla-Quintana S, Gómez-Domínguez D, Caleiras E, Camps J, Gómez-López G, Gómez de Cedrón M, Ramírez de Molina A, Barderas R, Sánchez L, Velasco-Miguel S, Pérez de Castro I. Mitochondrial RNA methyltransferase TRMT61B is a new, potential biomarker and therapeutic target for highly aneuploid cancers. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:37-53. [PMID: 35869285 PMCID: PMC9883398 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being frequently observed in cancer cells, chromosomal instability (CIN) and its immediate consequence, aneuploidy, trigger adverse effects on cellular homeostasis that need to be overcome by anti-stress mechanisms. As such, these safeguard responses represent a tumor-specific Achilles heel, since CIN and aneuploidy are rarely observed in normal cells. Recent data have revealed that epitranscriptomic marks catalyzed by RNA-modifying enzymes change under various stress insults. However, whether aneuploidy is associated with such RNA modifying pathways remains to be determined. Through an in silico search for aneuploidy biomarkers in cancer cells, we found TRMT61B, a mitochondrial RNA methyltransferase enzyme, to be associated with high levels of aneuploidy. Accordingly, TRMT61B protein levels are increased in tumor cell lines with an imbalanced karyotype as well as in different tumor types when compared to control tissues. Interestingly, while TRMT61B depletion induces senescence in melanoma cell lines with low levels of aneuploidy, it leads to apoptosis in cells with high levels. The therapeutic potential of these results was further validated by targeting TRMT61B in transwell and xenografts assays. We show that TRM61B depletion reduces the expression of several mitochondrial encoded proteins and limits mitochondrial function. Taken together, these results identify a new biomarker of aneuploidy in cancer cells that could potentially be used to selectively target highly aneuploid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Martín
- Gene Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carolina Epifano
- Gene Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Vilaplana-Marti
- Gene Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Hernández
- Gene Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío I R Macías
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, University of Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Martínez-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain
- Oncohematology Cytogenetics Laboratory, Eurofins-Megalab, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cerezo
- Lilly Cell Signaling and Immunometabolism Section, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cabezas-Sainz
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Maria Garranzo-Asensio
- Chronic Disease Program (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), E-28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Amarilla-Quintana
- Gene Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Programa de Doctorado UNED-ISCIII Ciencias Biomédicas y Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Déborah Gómez-Domínguez
- Gene Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Caleiras
- Histopathology Core Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio´ Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Gómez-López
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, IMDEA FOOD, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, IMDEA FOOD, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic Disease Program (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), E-28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Susana Velasco-Miguel
- Lilly Cell Signaling and Immunometabolism Section, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Pérez de Castro
- Gene Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Kurzawa‐Akanbi M, Whitfield P, Burté F, Bertelli PM, Pathak V, Doherty M, Hilgen B, Gliaudelytė L, Platt M, Queen R, Coxhead J, Porter A, Öberg M, Fabrikova D, Davey T, Beh CS, Georgiou M, Collin J, Boczonadi V, Härtlova A, Taggart M, Al‐Aama J, Korolchuk VI, Morris CM, Guduric‐Fuchs J, Steel DH, Medina RJ, Armstrong L, Lako M. Retinal pigment epithelium extracellular vesicles are potent inducers of age-related macular degeneration disease phenotype in the outer retina. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12295. [PMID: 36544284 PMCID: PMC9772497 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness. Vision loss is caused by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors atrophy and/or retinal and choroidal angiogenesis. Here we use AMD patient-specific RPE cells with the Complement Factor H Y402H high-risk polymorphism to perform a comprehensive analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs), their cargo and role in disease pathology. We show that AMD RPE is characterised by enhanced polarised EV secretion. Multi-omics analyses demonstrate that AMD RPE EVs carry RNA, proteins and lipids, which mediate key AMD features including oxidative stress, cytoskeletal dysfunction, angiogenesis and drusen accumulation. Moreover, AMD RPE EVs induce amyloid fibril formation, revealing their role in drusen formation. We demonstrate that exposure of control RPE to AMD RPE apical EVs leads to the acquisition of AMD features such as stress vacuoles, cytoskeletal destabilization and abnormalities in the morphology of the nucleus. Retinal organoid treatment with apical AMD RPE EVs leads to disrupted neuroepithelium and the appearance of cytoprotective alpha B crystallin immunopositive cells, with some co-expressing retinal progenitor cell markers Pax6/Vsx2, suggesting injury-induced regenerative pathways activation. These findings indicate that AMD RPE EVs are potent inducers of AMD phenotype in the neighbouring RPE and retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Kurzawa‐Akanbi
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Phillip Whitfield
- Glasgow Polyomics and Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Florence Burté
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Pietro Maria Bertelli
- The Welcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental MedicineQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Varun Pathak
- The Welcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental MedicineQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Mary Doherty
- Lipidomics Research FacilityUniversity of the Highlands and IslandsInvernessUK
| | - Birthe Hilgen
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Lina Gliaudelytė
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Rachel Queen
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Andrew Porter
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Maria Öberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Daniela Fabrikova
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Tracey Davey
- Electron Microscopy Research ServicesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Chia Shyan Beh
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Maria Georgiou
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Joseph Collin
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Veronika Boczonadi
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Anetta Härtlova
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- The Institute of Medical Microbiology and HygieneUniversity Medical Center Freiburg (Universitätklinikum Freiburg)FreiburgGermany
| | - Michael Taggart
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Jumana Al‐Aama
- Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Jasenka Guduric‐Fuchs
- The Welcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental MedicineQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - David H Steel
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Reinhold J Medina
- The Welcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental MedicineQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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11
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Khot M, Sood A, Tryphena KP, Khan S, Srivastava S, Singh SB, Khatri DK. NLRP3 inflammasomes: A potential target to improve mitochondrial biogenesis in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 934:175300. [PMID: 36167151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative condition for which no approved treatment exists to prevent collective neuronal death. There is ample evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and associated caspase activity underlie the pathology observed. Neurons rely on mitochondrial activity since they have such high energy consumption. Therefore, it is not surprising that mitochondrial alterations favour neuronal degeneration. In particular, mitochondrial dysregulation contributes to PD, based on the observation that mitochondrial toxins can cause parkinsonism in humans and animal models. Also, it is known that inflammatory cytokine-mediated neuroinflammation is the key pathogenic mechanism in neuronal loss. In recent years, the research has focussed on mitochondria being the platform for nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 activation are emerging as critical players in inducing and sustaining neuroinflammation. Moreover, mitochondrial-derived ROS and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could serve as the priming signal for forming inflammasome complexes responsible for the activation, maturation, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1(IL-1) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). The current review takes a more comprehensive approach to elucidating the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant NLRP3 activation in PD. In addition, we focus on some inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammatory pathways to alleviate the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Khot
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Anika Sood
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Sabiya Khan
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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12
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Disengaging the COVID-19 Clutch as a Discerning Eye Over the Inflammatory Circuit During SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Inflammation 2022; 45:1875-1894. [PMID: 35639261 PMCID: PMC9153229 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and leads to multiorgan dysfunction. Mitochondrial dynamics are fundamental to protect against environmental insults, but they are highly susceptible to viral infections. Defective mitochondria are potential sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Infection with SARS-CoV-2 damages mitochondria, alters autophagy, reduces nitric oxide (NO), and increases both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX) and ROS. Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibited activated toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD-), leucine-rich repeat (LRR-), pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The activation of TLRs and NLRP3 by SARS‐CoV‐2 induces interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-18, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Herein, we outline the inflammatory circuit of COVID-19 and what occurs behind the scene, the interplay of NOX/ROS and their role in hypoxia and thrombosis, and the important role of ROS scavengers to reduce COVID-19-related inflammation.
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13
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Gottschalk G, Peterson D, Knox K, Maynard M, Whelan RJ, Roy A. Elevated ATG13 in serum of patients with ME/CFS stimulates oxidative stress response in microglial cells via activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 120:103731. [PMID: 35487443 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, also known as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), is a multisystem illness characterized by extreme muscle fatigue associated with pain, neurocognitive impairment, and chronic inflammation. Despite intense investigation, the molecular mechanism of this disease is still unknown. Here we demonstrate that autophagy-related protein ATG13 is strongly upregulated in the serum of ME/CFS patients, indicative of impairment in the metabolic events of autophagy. A Thioflavin T-based protein aggregation assay, array screening for autophagy-related factors, densitometric analyses, and confirmation with ELISA revealed that the level of ATG13 was strongly elevated in serum samples of ME/CFS patients compared to age-matched controls. Moreover, our microglia-based oxidative stress response experiments indicated that serum samples of ME/CFS patients evoke the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide in human HMC3 microglial cells, whereas neutralization of ATG13 strongly diminishes the production of ROS and NO, suggesting that ATG13 plays a role in the observed stress response in microglial cells. Finally, an in vitro ligand binding assay provided evidence that ATG13 employs the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) to stimulate ROS in microglial cells. Collectively, our results suggest that an impairment of autophagy following the release of ATG13 into serum could be a pathological signal in ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Gottschalk
- Simmaron Research Institute, 948 Incline Way, Incline Village, NV 89451, United States of America; Simmaron R&D lab, Technology Innovation Center, 10437 W Innovation Drive, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Daniel Peterson
- Simmaron Research Institute, 948 Incline Way, Incline Village, NV 89451, United States of America
| | - Konstance Knox
- Coppe Laboratories, W229N1870 Westwood Dr, Waukesha, WI 53186., United States of America
| | - Marco Maynard
- Simmaron R&D lab, Technology Innovation Center, 10437 W Innovation Drive, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Ryan J Whelan
- Simmaron R&D lab, Technology Innovation Center, 10437 W Innovation Drive, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Avik Roy
- Simmaron Research Institute, 948 Incline Way, Incline Village, NV 89451, United States of America; Simmaron R&D lab, Technology Innovation Center, 10437 W Innovation Drive, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, United States of America.
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14
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Yang F, Wu A, Yao J, Peng H, Qiu Y, Li S, Xu X. Nanoplatform-mediated calcium overload for cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1508-1519. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02721b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, as the "the plant of power" of cells, have been extensively highlighted with biological functions of offering energy and participating in signaling pathways. In parallel, calcium (Ca2+) plays a...
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15
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Lee YH, Park JY, Lee H, Song ES, Kuk MU, Joo J, Oh S, Kwon HW, Park JT, Park SC. Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism as a Strategy to Treat Senescence. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113003. [PMID: 34831224 PMCID: PMC8616445 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of organelles that undergo significant changes associated with senescence. An increase in mitochondrial size is observed in senescent cells, and this increase is ascribed to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria that generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Such dysfunctional mitochondria are prime targets for ROS-induced damage, which leads to the deterioration of oxidative phosphorylation and increased dependence on glycolysis as an energy source. Based on findings indicating that senescent cells exhibit mitochondrial metabolic alterations, a strategy to induce mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming has been proposed to treat aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we discuss senescence-related mitochondrial changes and consequent mitochondrial metabolic alterations. We assess the significance of mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming for senescence regulation and propose the appropriate control of mitochondrial metabolism to ameliorate senescence. Learning how to regulate mitochondrial metabolism will provide knowledge for the control of aging and age-related pathologies. Further research focusing on mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming will be an important guide for the development of anti-aging therapies, and will provide novel strategies for anti-aging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Ji Yun Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Haneur Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Eun Seon Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Junghyun Joo
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Sekyung Oh
- Department of Medical Sciences, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon 22711, Korea;
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.K.); (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8090 (H.W.K.); +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.K.); (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8090 (H.W.K.); +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.W.K.); (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8090 (H.W.K.); +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
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16
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Burhop A, Bag S, Grigalunas M, Woitalla S, Bodenbinder P, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Pahl A, Sievers S, Waldmann H. Synthesis of Indofulvin Pseudo-Natural Products Yields a New Autophagy Inhibitor Chemotype. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102042. [PMID: 34346568 PMCID: PMC8498912 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemical and biological limitations in bioactive compound design based on natural product (NP) structure can be overcome by the combination of NP-derived fragments in unprecedented arrangements to afford "pseudo-natural products" (pseudo-NPs). A new pseudo-NP design principle is described, i.e., the combination of NP-fragments by transformations that are not part of current biosynthesis pathways. A collection of indofulvin pseudo-NPs is obtained from 2-hydroxyethyl-indoles and ketones derived from the fragment-sized NP griseofulvin by means of an iso-oxa-Pictet-Spengler reaction. Cheminformatic analysis indicates that the indofulvins reside in an area of chemical space sparsely covered by NPs, drugs, and drug-like compounds and they may combine favorable properties of these compound classes. Biological evaluation of the compound collection in different cell-based assays and the unbiased high content cell painting assay reveal that the indofulvins define a new autophagy inhibitor chemotype that targets mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Burhop
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryChemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Sukdev Bag
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Sophie Woitalla
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryChemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Pia Bodenbinder
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryChemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryInorganic ChemistryDortmund44227Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryInorganic ChemistryDortmund44227Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
- Compound Management and Screening CenterDortmund44227Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
- Compound Management and Screening CenterDortmund44227Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryChemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
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17
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Maniam S, Maniam S. Small Molecules Targeting Programmed Cell Death in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189722. [PMID: 34575883 PMCID: PMC8465612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted chemotherapy has become the forefront for cancer treatment in recent years. The selective and specific features allow more effective treatment with reduced side effects. Most targeted therapies, which include small molecules, act on specific molecular targets that are altered in tumour cells, mainly in cancers such as breast, lung, colorectal, lymphoma and leukaemia. With the recent exponential progress in drug development, programmed cell death, which includes apoptosis and autophagy, has become a promising therapeutic target. The research in identifying effective small molecules that target compensatory mechanisms in tumour cells alleviates the emergence of drug resistance. Due to the heterogenous nature of breast cancer, various attempts were made to overcome chemoresistance. Amongst breast cancers, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is of particular interest due to its heterogeneous nature in response to chemotherapy. TNBC represents approximately 15% of all breast tumours, however, and still has a poor prognosis. Unlike other breast tumours, signature targets lack for TNBCs, causing high morbidity and mortality. This review highlights several small molecules with promising preclinical data that target autophagy and apoptosis to induce cell death in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subashani Maniam
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (S.M.); Tel.: +613-9925-5688 (S.M.); +60-397692322 (S.M.)
| | - Sandra Maniam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (S.M.); Tel.: +613-9925-5688 (S.M.); +60-397692322 (S.M.)
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18
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Jayaraj RL, Beiram R, Azimullah S, M. F. NM, Ojha SK, Adem A, Jalal FY. Noscapine Prevents Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity: Involvement of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Autophagy Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:4627. [PMID: 34361780 PMCID: PMC8348109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the resultant loss of dopamine in the striatum. Various studies have shown that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation plays a major role in PD progression. In addition, the autophagy lysosome pathway (ALP) plays an important role in the degradation of aggregated proteins, abnormal cytoplasmic organelles and proteins for intracellular homeostasis. Dysfunction of ALP results in the accumulation of α-synuclein and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD. Thus, modulating ALP is becoming an appealing therapeutic intervention. In our current study, we wanted to evaluate the neuroprotective potency of noscapine in a rotenone-induced PD rat model. Rats were administered rotenone injections (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.,) daily followed by noscapine (10 mg/kg, i.p.,) for four weeks. Noscapine, an iso-qinulinin alkaloid found naturally in the Papaveraceae family, has traditionally been used in the treatment of cancer, stroke and fibrosis. However, the neuroprotective potency of noscapine has not been analyzed. Our study showed that administration of noscapine decreased the upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and α-synuclein expression with a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes. In addition, noscapine prevented rotenone-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes. These neuroprotective mechanisms resulted in a decrease in dopaminergic neuron loss in SNpc and neuronal fibers in the striatum. Further, noscapine administration enhanced the mTOR-mediated p70S6K pathway as well as inhibited apoptosis. In addition to these mechanisms, noscapine prevented a rotenone-mediated increase in lysosomal degradation, resulting in a decrease in α-synuclein aggregation. However, further studies are needed to further develop noscapine as a potential therapeutic candidate for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Jayaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Nagoor Meeran M. F.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Abdu Adem
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fakhreya Yousuf Jalal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
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19
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Huang YJ, Klionsky DJ. Yeast mitophagy: Unanswered questions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129932. [PMID: 34022298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Superfluous and damaged mitochondria need to be efficiently repaired or removed. Mitophagy is a selective type of autophagy that can engulf a portion of mitochondria within a double-membrane structure, called a mitophagosome, and deliver it to the vacuole for degradation. Mitophagy has significant physiological functions from yeast to human, and recent advances in yeast mitophagy shed light on the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy, especially the regulation of mitophagy induction. This review summarizes our current knowledge about yeast mitophagy and considers several unsolved questions, with a particular focus on Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang J Huang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Khan AA, Alanazi AM, Alsaif N, Al-anazi M, Sayed AY, Bhat MA. Potential cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles: Stimulation of autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2762-2771. [PMID: 34025162 PMCID: PMC8117033 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we elucidated the potential cytotoxicity of AgNPs in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts and assessed the underlying toxicological manifestations responsible for their toxicity thereof. The results indicated that the exposure of AgNPs to H9c2 cardiac cells decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and caused cell cycle arrest followed by induction of apoptosis. The AgNPs treated cardiac cells showed a generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction where mitochondrial ATP was reduced and the expression of AMPK1α increased. AgNPs also induced ROS-mediated autophagy in H9c2 cells. There was a significant time-dependent increase in intracellular levels of Atg5, Beclin1, and LC3BII after exposure to AgNPs, signifying the autophagic response in H9c2 cells. More importantly, the addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) inhibited autophagy and significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of AgNPs in H9c2 cells. The study highlights the prospective toxicity of AgNPs on cardiac cells, collectively signifying a potential health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Alsaif
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Al-anazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Y.A. Sayed
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Kuk MU, Lee YH, Kim JW, Hwang SY, Park JT, Park SC. Potential Treatment of Lysosomal Storage Disease through Modulation of the Mitochondrial-Lysosomal Axis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020420. [PMID: 33671306 PMCID: PMC7921977 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disease (LSD) is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by enzyme deficiency in lysosomes. Some treatments for LSD can slow progression, but there are no effective treatments to restore the pathological phenotype to normal levels. Lysosomes and mitochondria interact with each other, and this crosstalk plays a role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Deficiency of lysosome enzymes in LSD impairs the turnover of mitochondrial defects, leading to deterioration of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC). Cells with MRC impairment are associated with reduced lysosomal calcium homeostasis, resulting in impaired autophagic and endolysosomal function. This malicious feedback loop between lysosomes and mitochondria exacerbates LSD. In this review, we assess the interactions between mitochondria and lysosomes and propose the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis as a research target to treat LSD. The importance of the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis has been systematically characterized in several studies, suggesting that proper regulation of this axis represents an important investigative guide for the development of therapeutics for LSD. Therefore, studying the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis will not only add knowledge of the essential physiological processes of LSD, but also provide new strategies for treatment of LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Jae Won Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Su Young Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
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22
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Crivellari I, Pecorelli A, Cordone V, Marchi S, Pinton P, Hayek J, Cervellati C, Valacchi G. Impaired mitochondrial quality control in Rett Syndrome. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 700:108790. [PMID: 33549528 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused in the 95% of cases by mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene, affecting almost exclusively females. While the genetic basis of RTT is known, the exact pathogenic mechanisms that lead to the broad spectrum of symptoms still remain enigmatic. Alterations in the redox homeostasis have been proposed among the contributing factors to the development and progression of the syndrome. Mitochondria appears to play a central role in RTT oxidative damage and a plethora of mitochondrial defects has already been recognized. However, mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, which represent critical pathways in regulating mitochondrial quality control (QC), have not yet been investigated in RTT. The present work showed that RTT fibroblasts have networks of hyperfused mitochondria with morphological abnormalities and increased mitochondrial volume. Moreover, analysis of mitophagic flux revealed an impaired PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial removal associated with an increase of mitochondrial fusion proteins Mitofusins 1 and 2 (MFN1 and 2) and a decrease of fission mediators including Dynamin related protein 1 (DRP1) and Mitochondrial fission 1 protein (FIS1). Finally, challenging RTT fibroblasts with FCCP and 2,4-DNP did not trigger a proper apoptotic cell death due to a defective caspase 3/7 activation. Altogether, our findings shed light on new aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction in RTT that are represented by defective mitochondrial QC pathways, also providing new potential targets for a therapeutic intervention aimed at slowing down clinical course and manifestations in the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Crivellari
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Dept., North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Valeria Cordone
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Joussef Hayek
- Toscana Life Science Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Dept., North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA; Kyung Hee University, Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul, South Korea.
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23
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Dhakal S, Macreadie I. Protein Homeostasis Networks and the Use of Yeast to Guide Interventions in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8014. [PMID: 33126501 PMCID: PMC7662794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive multifactorial age-related neurodegenerative disorder that causes the majority of deaths due to dementia in the elderly. Although various risk factors have been found to be associated with AD progression, the cause of the disease is still unresolved. The loss of proteostasis is one of the major causes of AD: it is evident by aggregation of misfolded proteins, lipid homeostasis disruption, accumulation of autophagic vesicles, and oxidative damage during the disease progression. Different models have been developed to study AD, one of which is a yeast model. Yeasts are simple unicellular eukaryotic cells that have provided great insights into human cell biology. Various yeast models, including unmodified and genetically modified yeasts, have been established for studying AD and have provided significant amount of information on AD pathology and potential interventions. The conservation of various human biological processes, including signal transduction, energy metabolism, protein homeostasis, stress responses, oxidative phosphorylation, vesicle trafficking, apoptosis, endocytosis, and ageing, renders yeast a fascinating, powerful model for AD. In addition, the easy manipulation of the yeast genome and availability of methods to evaluate yeast cells rapidly in high throughput technological platforms strengthen the rationale of using yeast as a model. This review focuses on the description of the proteostasis network in yeast and its comparison with the human proteostasis network. It further elaborates on the AD-associated proteostasis failure and applications of the yeast proteostasis network to understand AD pathology and its potential to guide interventions against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Macreadie
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia;
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24
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Jayaraj RL, Beiram R, Azimullah S, MF NM, Ojha SK, Adem A, Jalal FY. Valeric Acid Protects Dopaminergic Neurons by Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Modulating Autophagy Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207670. [PMID: 33081327 PMCID: PMC7589299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, the second common neurodegenerative disease is clinically characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) with upregulation of neuroinflammatory markers and oxidative stress. Autophagy lysosome pathway (ALP) plays a major role in degradation of damaged organelles and proteins for energy balance and intracellular homeostasis. However, dysfunction of ALP results in impairment of α-synuclein clearance which hastens dopaminergic neurons loss. In this study, we wanted to understand the neuroprotective efficacy of Val in rotenone induced PD rat model. Animals received intraperitoneal injections (2.5 mg/kg) of rotenone daily followed by Val (40 mg/kg, i.p) for four weeks. Valeric acid, a straight chain alkyl carboxylic acid found naturally in Valeriana officianilis have been used in the treatment of neurological disorders. However, their neuroprotective efficacy has not yet been studied. In our study, we found that Val prevented rotenone induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine oxidative stress, and α-synuclein expression with subsequent increase in vital antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, Val mitigated rotenone induced hyperactivation of microglia and astrocytes. These protective mechanisms prevented rotenone induced dopaminergic neuron loss in SNpc and neuronal fibers in the striatum. Additionally, Val treatment prevented rotenone blocked mTOR-mediated p70S6K pathway as well as apoptosis. Moreover, Val prevented rotenone mediated autophagic vacuole accumulation and increased lysosomal degradation. Hence, Val could be further developed as a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Jayaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.); (S.K.O.); (F.Y.J.)
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.); (S.K.O.); (F.Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (A.A.); Tel.: +971-37137521 (R.B.); +971-504482894 (A.A.)
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.); (S.K.O.); (F.Y.J.)
| | - Nagoor Meeran MF
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.); (S.K.O.); (F.Y.J.)
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.); (S.K.O.); (F.Y.J.)
| | - Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.); (S.K.O.); (F.Y.J.)
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (A.A.); Tel.: +971-37137521 (R.B.); +971-504482894 (A.A.)
| | - Fakhreya Yousuf Jalal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.); (S.K.O.); (F.Y.J.)
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25
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Machado-Oliveira G, Ramos C, Marques ARA, Vieira OV. Cell Senescence, Multiple Organelle Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:E2146. [PMID: 32977446 PMCID: PMC7598292 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an age-related disorder associated with long-term exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. The asymptomatic progression of atherosclerotic plaques leads to major cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including acute myocardial infarctions or cerebral ischemic strokes in some cases. Senescence, a biological process associated with progressive structural and functional deterioration of cells, tissues and organs, is intricately linked to age-related diseases. Cell senescence involves coordinated modifications in cellular compartments and has been demonstrated to contribute to different stages of atheroma development. Senescence-based therapeutic strategies are currently being pursued to treat and prevent CVD in humans in the near-future. In addition, distinct experimental settings allowed researchers to unravel potential approaches to regulate anti-apoptotic pathways, facilitate excessive senescent cell clearance and eventually reverse atherogenesis to improve cardiovascular function. However, a deeper knowledge is required to fully understand cellular senescence, to clarify senescence and atherogenesis intertwining, allowing researchers to establish more effective treatments and to reduce the cardiovascular disorders' burden. Here, we present an objective review of the key senescence-related alterations of the major intracellular organelles and analyze the role of relevant cell types for senescence and atherogenesis. In this context, we provide an updated analysis of therapeutic approaches, including clinically relevant experiments using senolytic drugs to counteract atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Machado-Oliveira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (A.R.A.M.)
| | | | | | - Otília V. Vieira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (A.R.A.M.)
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26
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Al-Bari MAA. Co-targeting of lysosome and mitophagy in cancer stem cells with chloroquine analogues and antibiotics. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11667-11679. [PMID: 32935427 PMCID: PMC7578893 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The catabolic autophagy eliminates cytoplasmic components and organelles via lysosomes. Non‐selective bulk autophagy and selective autophagy (mitophagy) are linked in intracellular homeostasis both normal and cancer cells. Autophagy has complex and paradoxical dual role in cancers; it can play either tumour suppressor or tumour promoter depending on the tumour type, stage, microenvironment and genetic context. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) cause tumour recurrence and promote resistant to therapy for driving poor clinical consequences. Thus, new healing strategies are urgently needed to annihilate and eradicate CSCs. As chloroquine (CQ) analogues show positive clinical outcome in several clinical trials either standalone or combination with several chemotherapies. Moreover, CQ analogues are known to eliminate CSCs via altering DNA methylation. However, several obstacles such as higher concentrations and dose‐dependent toxicity are noticeable in the treatment of cancers. As tumour cells predominantly rely on mitochondrial actions, mitochondrial targeting FDA‐approved antibiotics are reported to effectively eradicate CSCs alone or combination with chemotherapy. However, antibiotics cause metabolic glycolytic shift in cancer cells for survival and repopulation. This review will provide a sketch of the inhibiting roles of current chloroquine analogues and antibiotic combination in CSC autophagy process and discuss the possibility that pre‐clinical and clinical potential therapeutic strategy for anticancer therapy.
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27
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Andhavarapu S, Katuri A, Bryant J, Patel V, Gupta U, Asemu G, Makar TK. Intersecting roles of ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and calcium homeostasis in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. J Neurovirol 2020; 26:664-675. [PMID: 32804309 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is a collective term describing the spectrum of neurocognitive deficits that arise from HIV infection. Although the introduction to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has prolonged the lifespan of HIV patients, neurocognitive impairments remain prevalent, as patients are left perpetually with HIV. Currently, physicians face a challenge in treating HAND patients, so a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying HAND pathology has been a growing focus in HIV research. Recent research has revealed the role disrupted calcium homeostasis in HIV-mediated neurotoxicity. Calcium plays a well-established role in the crosstalk between the mitochondrion and ER as well as in regulating autophagy, and ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired autophagic activity are considered hallmarks in several neurodegenerative and neurocognitive disorders. Therefore, it is paramount that the intricate inter-organelle signaling in relation to calcium homeostasis during HIV infection and the development of HAND is elucidated. This review consolidates current knowledge regarding the neuropathology of neurocognitive disorders and HIV infection with a focus on the underlying role of calcium during ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy associated with the progression of HAND. The details of this intricate crosstalk during HAND remain relatively unknown; further research in this field can potentially aid in the development of improved therapy for patients suffering from HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanketh Andhavarapu
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Akhil Katuri
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Joseph Bryant
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Vivek Patel
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Udit Gupta
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Girma Asemu
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Tapas K Makar
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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28
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Huang S, Li L, Petereit J, Millar AH. Protein turnover rates in plant mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Shen M, Wang L, Kuang L, Liu D. Knockdown of mitofilin inhibits autophagy and facilitates starvation-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 22:1132-1137. [PMID: 31998453 PMCID: PMC6885394 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.36173.8617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Mitofilin contributes to the maintenance of mitochondrial structure and functions. This study was undertaken to determine the mechanisms underlying its regulation of apoptosis. Materials and Methods Mitofilin was knockdowned by specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and the stable HeLa cell clone was selected. The autophagy activity were assessed with LC3-II conversion and puncta formation by western blot and fluorescence imaging in starved and normal cultured HeLa cells. Autophagy flux was measured in the presence of NH4Cl. Wortmannin was used to inhibit autophagy. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) assay, respectively. Results Mitofilin expression was down-regulated in starved HeLa cells. In established mitofilin stable knockdown cell lines, LC3-II conversion and puncta formation were detected, which are both hallmarks of autophagy, under both basal and starvation conditions. Mitofilin down-regulation decreased LC3-II conversion and puncta formation, which indicates that loss of mitofilin function inhibits both basal and starvation-induced autophagy activity. CCK-8 and FACS analysis confirmed mitofilin involvement in the regulation of cell survival since mitofilin down-regulation facilitated starvation-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. Conclusion Taken together, mitofilin is a potent regulator of autophagy and it may modulate cell survival through regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
| | - Li Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
| | - Lingyun Kuang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
| | - Danhui Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
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30
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Tanaka R, Umemura M, Narikawa M, Hikichi M, Osaw K, Fujita T, Yokoyama U, Ishigami T, Tamura K, Ishikawa Y. Reactive fibrosis precedes doxorubicin-induced heart failure through sterile inflammation. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:588-603. [PMID: 31984667 PMCID: PMC7160475 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced heart failure has a poor prognosis, and effective treatments have not been established. Because DOX shows cumulative cardiotoxicity, we hypothesized that minimal cardiac remodelling occurred at the initial stage in activating cardiac fibroblasts. Our aim was to investigate the initial pathophysiology of DOX‐exposed cardiac fibroblasts and propose prophylaxis. Methods and results An animal study was performed using a lower dose of DOX (4 mg/kg/week for 3 weeks, i.p.) than a toxic cumulative dose. Histological analysis was performed with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labelling assay, picrosirius red staining, and immunohistochemical staining. The mechanism was analysed in vitro with a low dose of DOX, which did not induce cell apoptosis. Microarray analysis was performed. Differentially expressed genes were confirmed by enrichment analysis. Mitochondrial damage was assessed by mitochondrial membrane potential. The production of inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis markers was assessed by western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and ELISA. A phosphokinase antibody array was performed to detect related signalling pathways. Low‐dose DOX did not induced cell death, and fibrosis was localized to the perivascular area in mice. Microarray analysis suggested that DOX induced genes associated with the innate immune system and inflammatory reactions, resulting in cardiac remodelling. DOX induced mitochondrial damage and increased the expression of interleukin‐1. DOX also promoted the expression of fibrotic markers, such as alpha smooth muscle actin and galectin‐3. These responses were induced through stress‐activated protein kinase/c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase signalling. A peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPARγ) agonist attenuated the expression of fibrotic markers through suppressing stress‐activated protein kinase/c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase. Furthermore, this molecule also suppressed DOX‐induced early fibrotic responses in vivo. Conclusions Low‐dose DOX provoked reactive fibrosis through sterile inflammation evoked by the damaged mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tanaka
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masanari Umemura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Narikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mayu Hikichi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohei Osaw
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujita
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Crosstalk between Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Uptake and Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1845321. [PMID: 31583037 PMCID: PMC6754932 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1845321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is responsible for the maintenance of skeletal muscle homeostasis, thanks to the removal of aberrant and dysfunctional macromolecules and organelles. During fasting, increased autophagy ensures the maintenance of the amino acid pool required for energy production. The activity of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU), the highly selective channel responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, controls skeletal muscle size, force, and nutrient utilization. Thus, both autophagy and mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation play a pivotal role to maintain muscle homeostasis and to sustain muscle function. Here, we address whether, in skeletal muscle, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and autophagy are mutually related. Muscle-restricted MCU silencing partially inhibits the autophagy flux. Moreover, skeletal muscle-specific deletion of the essential autophagy gene Atg7, known to cause the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, drastically reduces mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation. Thus, a vicious cycle takes place, in which reduced MCU activity hampers the autophagic flux, and loss of autophagy further impairs mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling.
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Role of PGC-1α in Mitochondrial Quality Control in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2031-2043. [PMID: 31410709 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As one of the major cell organelles responsible for ATP production, it is important that neurons maintain mitochondria with structural and functional integrity; this is especially true for neurons with high metabolic requirements. When mitochondrial damage occurs, mitochondria are able to maintain a steady state of functioning through molecular and organellar quality control, thus ensuring neuronal function. And when mitochondrial quality control (MQC) fails, mitochondria mediate apoptosis. An apparently key molecule in MQC is the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). Recent findings have demonstrated that upregulation of PGC-1α expression in neurons can modulate MQC to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction in certain in vivo and in vitro aging or neurodegenerative encephalopathy models, such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Because mitochondrial function and quality control disorders are the basis of pathogenesis in almost all neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), the role of PGC-1α may make it a viable entry point for the treatment of such diseases. This review focuses on multi-level MQC in neurons, as well as the regulation of MQC by PGC-1α in these major NDDs.
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Shen Z, Kou R, Xie K, Song F. Activation of PINK1-Parkin-dependent mitophagy in Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate-treated Neuro2a cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:70-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Chaanine AH. Morphological Stages of Mitochondrial Vacuolar Degeneration in Phenylephrine-Stressed Cardiac Myocytes and in Animal Models and Human Heart Failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060239. [PMID: 31163678 PMCID: PMC6630802 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Derangements in mitochondrial integrity and function constitute an important pathophysiological feature in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF) and play an important role in myocardial remodeling and systolic dysfunction. In systolic HF, we and others have shown an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics toward mitochondrial fission and fragmentation with evidence of mitophagy, mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration, and impairment in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. The morphological stages of mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration have not been defined. We sought to elucidate the progressive stages of mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration, which would serve as a measure to define, morphologically, the severity of mitochondrial damage. Materials and Methods: Transmission electron microscopy was used to study mitochondrial morphology and pathology in phenylephrine-stressed cardiac myocytes in vitro and in left ventricular myocardium from a rat model of pressure overload induced systolic dysfunction and from patients with systolic HF. Results: In phenylephrine-stressed cardiomyocytes for two hours, alterations in mitochondrial cristae morphology (Stage A) and loss and dissolution of mitochondrial cristae in one (Stage B) or multiple (early Stage B→C) mitochondrion area(s) were evident in the earliest stages of mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration. Mitochondrial swelling and progressive dissolution of mitochondrial cristae (advanced Stage B→C), followed by complete loss and dissolution of mitochondrial cristae and permeabilization and destruction of inner mitochondrial membrane (Stage C) then outer mitochondrial membrane rupture (Stage D) constituted advanced stages of mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration. Similar morphological changes in mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration were seen in vivo in animal models and in patients with systolic HF; where about 60-70% of the mitochondria are mainly observed in stages B→C and fewer in stages C and D. Conclusion: Mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration is a prominent mitochondrial morphological feature seen in HF. Defining the progressive stages of mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration would serve as a measure to assess morphologically the severity of mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine H Chaanine
- Division of cardiovascular diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
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Andhavarapu S, Mubariz F, Arvas M, Bever C, Makar TK. Interplay between ER stress and autophagy: A possible mechanism in multiple sclerosis pathology. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 108:183-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Haseeb A, Tarique I, Bai X, Yang P, Ali Vistro W, Huang Y, Ali Fazllani S, Ahmed Z, Chen Q. Inhibition of autophagy impairs acrosome and mitochondrial crista formation during spermiogenesis in turtle: Ultrastructural evidence. Micron 2019; 121:84-89. [PMID: 30953869 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a subcellular process that is extensively involved in spermiogenesis. In this study, we observed ultrastructural malformation of acrosome and mitochondrial cristae during the spermiogenesis of Chinese soft-shelled turtle due to the inhibition of autophagy. Autophagy was blocked with 3-MA, and the inhibition of autophagy was confirmed through western blot analysis. The morphological abnormalities of acrosomes and mitochondria were observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the early spermiogenesis (Golgi and cap phases), damaged macrovesicle was observed, and its proper expansion over the nucleus failed to be form a normal acrosomal cap. As spermiogenesis proceeded, the malformation of the acrosome in spermatids became more severe. In the late spermiogenesis (acrosomal and maturation phases), defective acrosome with damaged acrosomal membrane that was detached from the nucleus was observed. Along with malformed acrosome, elongation failed nucleus having oval or round shaped morphology was also observed. Moreover, morphological damage to the mitochondrial cristae was observed. Lacuna formation, half and complete loss of cristae were observed in the mitochondria of developing spermatids. We proposed that autophagy is required for normal formation of the acrosome and mitochondrial cristae during turtle spermiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Haseeb
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Imran Tarique
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Xuebing Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Ping Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Waseem Ali Vistro
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | | | - Zulfqur Ahmed
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China.
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Mitochondria: the indispensable players in innate immunity and guardians of the inflammatory response. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:303-318. [PMID: 30719617 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-019-00507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the dynamic organelles and power house of eukaryotic cells function as metabolic hubs of cells undergoing continuous cycles of fusion and fission. Recent findings have made it increasingly apparent that mitochondria essentially involved in energy production have evolved as principal intracellular signaling platforms regulating not only innate immunity but also inflammatory responses. Perturbations in mitochondrial dynamics, including fusion/fission, electron transport chain (ETC) architecture and cristae organization have now been actively correlated to modulate metabolic activity and immune function of innate and adaptive immune cells. Several newly identified mitochondrial proteins in mitochondrial outer membrane such as mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and with mitochondrial DNA acting as danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) and mitochondrial ROS generated from mitochondrial sources have potentially established mitochondria as key signaling platforms in antiviral immunity in vertebrates and thereby orchestrating adaptive immune cell activations respectively. A thorough understanding of emerging and intervening role of mitochondria in toll-like receptor-mediated innate immune responses and NLRP3 inflammasome complex activation has gained lucidity in recent years that advocates the imposing functions of mitochondria in innate immunity. Fascinatingly, also how the signals stemming from the endoplasmic reticulum co-operate with the mitochondria to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome is now looked ahead as a stage to unravel as to how different mitochondrial and associated organelle stress responses co-operate to bring about inflammatory consequences. This has also opened avenues of research for revealing mitochondrial targets that could be exploited for development of novel therapeutics to treat various infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders. Thus, this review explores our current understanding of intricate interplay between mitochondria and other cellular processes like autophagy in controlling mitochondrial homeostasis and regulation of innate immunity and inflammatory responses.
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Katuri A, Bryant JL, Patel D, Patel V, Andhavarapu S, Asemu G, Davis H, Makar TK. HIVAN associated tubular pathology with reference to ER stress, mitochondrial changes, and autophagy. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 106:139-148. [PMID: 30605635 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a unique form of a renal parenchymal disorder. This disease and its characteristics can be accredited to incorporation of DNA and mRNA of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 into the renal parenchymal cells. A proper understanding of the intricacies of HIVAN and the underlying mechanisms associated with renal function and disorders is vital for the potential development of a reliable treatment for HIVAN. Specifically, the renal tubule segment of the kidney is characterized by its transport capabilities and its ability to reabsorb water and salts into the blood. However, the segment is also known for certain disorders, such as renal tubular epithelial cell infection and microcyst formation, which are also closely linked to HIVAN. Furthermore, certain organelles, like the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and lysosome, are vital for certain underlying mechanisms in kidney cells. A paradigm of the importance of said organelles can be seen in documented cases of HIVAN where the renal disorder results increased ER stress due to HIV viral propagation. This balance can be restored through the synthesis of secretory proteins, but, in return, the secretion requires more energy; therefore, there is a noticeable increase in mitochondrial stress. The increased ER changes and mitochondrial stress will greatly upregulate the process of autophagy, which involves the cell's lysosomes. In conjunction, we found that ER stress and mitochondrial changes are associated in the Tg26 animal model of HIVAN. The aim of our review is to consolidate current knowledge of important mechanisms in HIVAN, specifically related to the renal tubules' association with ER stress, mitochondrial changes and autophagy. Although the specific regulatory mechanism detailing the cross-talk between the various organelles is unknown in HIVAN, the continued research in this field may potentially shed light on a possible improved treatment for HIVAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Katuri
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Joseph L Bryant
- Animal Model Division, Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Dhruvil Patel
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Vivek Patel
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Sanketh Andhavarapu
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Girma Asemu
- Animal Model Division, Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Harry Davis
- Animal Model Division, Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Tapas K Makar
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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Zuo W, Liu Z, Yan F, Mei D, Hu X, Zhang B. Hyperglycemia abolished Drp-1-mediated mitophagy at the early stage of cerebral ischemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 843:34-44. [PMID: 30447185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to hyperglycemia after cerebral ischemia exacerbates cerebral damage; however, little is known regarding the mechanism. In this study, we focused on the relationship between post-ischemic hyperglycemia and mitochondrial homeostasis at the early stage of ischemia (within the 6 h clinical therapeutic window for thrombolysis). Permanent cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) for 1, 3, and 6 h. We first elucidated the role of post-ischemic hyperglycemia on mitochondria-mediated injury by testing reactive oxygen species generation, cyt-c release, and caspase-3 activation. Next, we analyzed mitochondrial homeostasis by testing the protein levels related to fission, fusion, biogenesis and elimination. The results showed that hyperglycemia further augmented the mitochondria-mediated injury induced by pMCAO. No significant differences of Fis1, Opa1 and Mfn2 were observed at each time point. There is no significant influence on these three proteins after hyperglycemia in rats of the experimental group compared to their counterparts in the control group. The translocation of the fission protein Drp1 to the mitochondrial outer-membrane increased at 1 h after pMCAO and later steadily decreased over time in normal animals. However, hyperglycemia inhibited both the levels of Drp1 in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Moreover, hyperglycemia inhibited mitophagy induced by pMCAO at 1 h, although the overall autophagy was increased. In conclusion, pMCAO transiently induced the mitochondrial fission and their elimination by mitophagy. However, hyperglycemia abolished this adaptation reaction of the mitochondria and thus resulted in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and subsequent damage. Our findings help to refine our understanding of the role of post-ischemic hyperglycemia in brain ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zuo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, PR China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, PR China; Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dan Mei
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
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Park JT, Lee YS, Cho KA, Park SC. Adjustment of the lysosomal-mitochondrial axis for control of cellular senescence. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:176-182. [PMID: 30142381 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria and lysosomes undergo the most marked senescence-related alterations among all cellular organelles. Whereas mitochondria undergo gradual structural changes associated with reduced function, lysosomes exhibit progressively deteriorated function along with the accumulation of lipofuscins. Lysosomal dysfunction induces the deterioration of mitochondrial turnover, resulting in the generation of more reactive oxygen species (ROS), with the increased ROS levels in turn targeting lysosomes. This vicious feedback loop between lysosomes and mitochondria thus aggravates senescence phenotypes. Based on findings that lysosomal activity is diminished in senescent cells and that the resultant oxidative stress correlates with mitochondrial damage, the existence of a lysosomal-mitochondrial axis with a functional role in senescence has been proposed. In this review, we interrogate the interplay between lysosomes and mitochondria during senescence and propose the lysosomal-mitochondrial axis to serve a potential function as an inducer of senescence alleviation. Thus, learning how to control the lysosomal-mitochondrial axis should represent an important research directive for developing therapeutics toward ageing-related disease as well as the aging process itself. Further research focusing on the lysosomal-mitochondrial axis will add to our knowledge regarding aging and age-related pathologies, as well as provide new strategies for anti-aging intervention.
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McWherter C, Choi YJ, Serrano RL, Mahata SK, Terkeltaub R, Liu-Bryan R. Arhalofenate acid inhibits monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammatory responses through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:204. [PMID: 30189890 PMCID: PMC6127987 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arhalofenate acid, the active acid form of arhalofenate, is a non-agonist peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligand, with uricosuric activity via URAT1 inhibition. Phase II studies revealed decreased acute arthritis flares in arhalofenate-treated gout compared with allopurinol alone. Hence, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of arhalofenate and its active acid form for responses to monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Methods We assessed in-vivo responses to MSU crystals in murine subcutaneous air pouches and in-vitro responses in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), SDS-PAGE/Western blot, immunostaining, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Results Oral administration of arhalofenate (250 mg/kg) blunted total leukocyte ingress, neutrophil influx, and air pouch fluid interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and CXCL1 in response to MSU crystal injection (p < 0.05 for each). Arhalofenate acid (100 μM) attenuated MSU crystal-induced IL-1β production in BMDMs via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In addition, arhalofenate acid dose-dependently increased activation (as assessed by phosphorylation) of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Studying AMPKα1 knockout mice, we elucidated that AMPK mediated the anti-inflammatory effects of arhalofenate acid. Moreover, arhalofenate acid attenuated the capacity of MSU crystals to suppress AMPK activity, regulated expression of multiple downstream AMPK targets that modulate mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, preserved intact mitochondrial cristae and volume density, and promoted anti-inflammatory autophagy flux in BMDMs. Conclusions Arhalofenate acid is anti-inflammatory and acts via AMPK activation and its downstream signaling in macrophages. These effects likely contribute to a reduction of gout flares. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1699-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramon L Serrano
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 111K, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.,University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 111K, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.,University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert Terkeltaub
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 111K, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.,University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ru Liu-Bryan
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 111K, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA. .,University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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Onishi M, Nagumo S, Iwashita S, Okamoto K. The ER membrane insertase Get1/2 is required for efficient mitophagy in yeast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:14-20. [PMID: 29673596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is an evolutionarily conserved autophagy pathway that selectively eliminates mitochondria to control mitochondrial quality and quantity. Although mitophagy is thought to be crucial for cellular homeostasis, how this catabolic process is regulated remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that mitophagy during prolonged respiratory growth is strongly impaired in yeast cells lacking Get1/2, a transmembrane complex mediating insertion of tail-anchored (TA) proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Under the same conditions, loss of Get1/2 caused only slight defects in other types of selective and bulk autophagy. In addition, mitophagy and other autophagy-related processes are mostly normal in cells lacking Get3, a cytosolic ATP-driven chaperone that promotes delivery of TA proteins to the Get1/2 complex. We also found that Get1/2-deficient cells exhibited wildtype-like induction and mitochondrial localization of Atg32, a protein essential for mitophagy. Notably, Get1/2 is important for Atg32-independent, ectopically promoted mitophagy. Together, we propose that Get1/2-dependent TA protein(s) and/or the Get1/2 complex itself may act specifically in mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashun Onishi
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Nagumo
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shohei Iwashita
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Roy M, Liang L, Xiao X, Feng P, Ye M, Liu J. Lycorine: A prospective natural lead for anticancer drug discovery. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:615-624. [PMID: 30114645 PMCID: PMC7127747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Outline of the anticancer properties and associated molecular mechanism mediated by lycorine. Comprehensive analysis of the structure activity relationship associated with anticancer activity of lycorine. Summary of the pharmacological aspects and implications for future directions with this compound.
Nature is the most abundant source for novel drug discovery. Lycorine is a natural alkaloid with immense therapeutic potential. Lycorine is active in a very low concentration and with high specificity against a number of cancers both in vivo and in vitro and against various drug-resistant cancer cells. This review summarized the therapeutic effect and the anticancer mechanisms of lycorine. At the same time, we have discussed the pharmacology and comparative structure-activity relationship for the anticancer activity of this compound. The researches outlined in this paper serve as a foundation to explain lycorine as an important lead compound for new generation anticancer drug design and provide the principle for the development of biological strategies to utilize lycorine in the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Roy
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Long Liang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiao
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Peifu Feng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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Hyttinen JMT, Viiri J, Kaarniranta K, Błasiak J. Mitochondrial quality control in AMD: does mitophagy play a pivotal role? Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2991-3008. [PMID: 29777261 PMCID: PMC11105454 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the predominant cause of visual loss in old people in the developed world, whose incidence is increasing. This disease is caused by the decrease in macular function, due to the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. The aged retina is characterised by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired autophagy, and DNA damage that are linked to AMD pathogenesis. Mitophagy, a mitochondria-specific type of autophagy, is an essential part of mitochondrial quality control, the collective mechanism responsible for this organelle's homeostasis. The abundance of ROS, DNA damage, and the excessive energy consumption in the ageing retina all contribute to the degeneration of RPE cells and their mitochondria. We discuss the role of mitophagy in the cell and argue that its impairment may play a role in AMD pathogenesis. Thus, mitophagy as a potential therapeutic target in AMD and other degenerative diseases is as well explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha M T Hyttinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Johanna Viiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janusz Błasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
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Sack MN. Mitochondrial fidelity and metabolic agility control immune cell fate and function. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3651-3661. [PMID: 30059015 DOI: 10.1172/jci120845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of mitochondrial metabolism plays an important role in regulating immune cell fate, proliferation, and activity. Furthermore, given their bacterial ancestry, disruption in mitochondrial fidelity leading to extravasation of their content initiates and amplifies innate immune surveillance with a myriad of physiologic and pathologic consequences. Investigations into the role of mitochondria in the immune system have come to the fore, and appreciation of mitochondrial function and quality control in immune regulation has enhanced our understanding of disease pathogenesis and identified new targets for immune modulation. This mitochondria-centered Review focuses on the role of mitochondrial metabolism and fidelity, as well as the role of the mitochondria as a structural platform, for the control of immune cell polarity, activation, and signaling. Mitochondria-linked disease and mitochondrially targeted therapeutic strategies to manage these conditions are also discussed.
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Liu Y, Okamoto K. The TORC1 signaling pathway regulates respiration-induced mitophagy in yeast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Moulder DE, Hatoum D, Tay E, Lin Y, McGowan EM. The Roles of p53 in Mitochondrial Dynamics and Cancer Metabolism: The Pendulum between Survival and Death in Breast Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060189. [PMID: 29890631 PMCID: PMC6024909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer research has been heavily geared towards genomic events in the development and progression of cancer. In contrast, metabolic regulation, such as aberrant metabolism in cancer, is poorly understood. Alteration in cellular metabolism was once regarded simply as a consequence of cancer rather than as playing a primary role in cancer promotion and maintenance. Resurgence of cancer metabolism research has identified critical metabolic reprogramming events within biosynthetic and bioenergetic pathways needed to fulfill the requirements of cancer cell growth and maintenance. The tumor suppressor protein p53 is emerging as a key regulator of metabolic processes and metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells—balancing the pendulum between cell death and survival. This review provides an overview of the classical and emerging non-classical tumor suppressor roles of p53 in regulating mitochondrial dynamics: mitochondrial engagement in cell death processes in the prevention of cancer. On the other hand, we discuss p53 as a key metabolic switch in cellular function and survival. The focus is then on the conceivable roles of p53 in breast cancer metabolism. Understanding the metabolic functions of p53 within breast cancer metabolism will, in due course, reveal critical metabolic hotspots that cancers advantageously re-engineer for sustenance. Illustration of these events will pave the way for finding novel therapeutics that target cancer metabolism and serve to overcome the breast cancer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Moulder
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Diana Hatoum
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Enoch Tay
- Viral Hepatitis Pathogenesis Group, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia.
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Eileen M McGowan
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Robke L, Futamura Y, Konstantinidis G, Wilke J, Aono H, Mahmoud Z, Watanabe N, Wu YW, Osada H, Laraia L, Waldmann H. Discovery of the novel autophagy inhibitor aumitin that targets mitochondrial complex I. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3014-3022. [PMID: 29732085 PMCID: PMC5916016 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a conserved eukaryotic process for degradation of cellular components in response to lack of nutrients. It is involved in the development of diseases, notably cancer and neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease. Small molecule autophagy modulators have proven to be valuable tools to dissect and interrogate this crucial metabolic pathway and are in high demand. Phenotypic screening for autophagy inhibitors led to the discovery of the novel autophagy inhibitor aumitin. Target identification and confirmation revealed that aumitin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by targeting complex I. We show that inhibition of autophagy by impairment of mitochondrial respiration is general for several mitochondrial inhibitors that target different mitochondrial complexes. Our findings highlight the importance of mitochondrial respiration for autophagy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Robke
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology , Department of Chemical Biology , Otto-Hahn-Str. 11 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a , 44227 Dortmund , Germany .
- RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Division for Systems Chemical Biology , RIKEN CSRS , 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Yushi Futamura
- Chemical Biology Research Group , RIKEN CSRS , 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Georgios Konstantinidis
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max-Planck-Society , Otto-Hahn-Str. 15 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Julian Wilke
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology , Department of Chemical Biology , Otto-Hahn-Str. 11 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a , 44227 Dortmund , Germany .
| | - Harumi Aono
- Chemical Biology Research Group , RIKEN CSRS , 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Zhwan Mahmoud
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a , 44227 Dortmund , Germany .
| | - Nobumoto Watanabe
- RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Division for Systems Chemical Biology , RIKEN CSRS , 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
- Bio-Active Compounds Discovery Research Unit , RIKEN CSRS , 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Yao-Wen Wu
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max-Planck-Society , Otto-Hahn-Str. 15 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Division for Systems Chemical Biology , RIKEN CSRS , 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
- Chemical Biology Research Group , RIKEN CSRS , 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Luca Laraia
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology , Department of Chemical Biology , Otto-Hahn-Str. 11 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology , Department of Chemical Biology , Otto-Hahn-Str. 11 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a , 44227 Dortmund , Germany .
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Kerkhofs M, Bittremieux M, Morciano G, Giorgi C, Pinton P, Parys JB, Bultynck G. Emerging molecular mechanisms in chemotherapy: Ca 2+ signaling at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:334. [PMID: 29491433 PMCID: PMC5832420 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inter-organellar communication often takes the form of Ca2+ signals. These Ca2+ signals originate from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulate different cellular processes like metabolism, fertilization, migration, and cell fate. A prime target for Ca2+ signals are the mitochondria. ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer is possible through the existence of mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), ER structures that are in the proximity of the mitochondria. This creates a micro-domain in which the Ca2+ concentrations are manifold higher than in the cytosol, allowing for rapid mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. In the mitochondria, the Ca2+ signal is decoded differentially depending on its spatiotemporal characteristics. While Ca2+ oscillations stimulate metabolism and constitute pro-survival signaling, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload results in apoptosis. Many chemotherapeutics depend on efficient ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling to exert their function. However, several oncogenes and tumor suppressors present in the MAMs can alter Ca2+ signaling in cancer cells, rendering chemotherapeutics ineffective. In this review, we will discuss recent studies that connect ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer, tumor suppressors and oncogenes at the MAMs, and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Kerkhofs
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mart Bittremieux
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Jan B Parys
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium.
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50
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Li WQ, Wang Z, Hao S, Sun L, Nisic M, Cheng G, Zhu C, Wan Y, Ha L, Zheng SY. Mitochondria-based aircraft carrier enhances in vivo imaging of carbon quantum dots and delivery of anticancer drug. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:3744-3752. [PMID: 29411807 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08816g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The application of engineered bacteria-based drug delivery vehicles to treat cancer has been practiced for more than a century. Mitochondria, evolutionarily originated from bacteria, are ubiquitous, semi-autonomous cellular organelles. In this study, we present the first exploration of using mitochondria as a delivery system of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) for in vivo imaging and administration of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The results show that mitochondria as carriers are compatible with CQD loading and preserve the optical properties of CQDs. Moreover, the mitochondria delivery system can improve the CQD bio-distribution in organs and prolong the retention time of CQDs after intravenous injection. Furthermore, mitochondria loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (Mito-DOX) show an enhanced therapeutic effect compared to free DOX. The mitochondria-based "aircraft" system may be a promising novel therapeutic platform with high potential for biological imaging and drug delivery to fight cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State Materials Research Institute, USA.
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