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Žmavc JB, Verdenik M, Skomina Z, Ihan Hren N. Tooth Loss and Systemic Diseases in the Slovenian Elderly Population: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Associaton Between Oral and Systemic Health. Zdr Varst 2024; 63:142-151. [PMID: 38881635 PMCID: PMC11178030 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2024-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to assess the prevalence of edentulism and tooth loss in the Slovenian elderly population, along with the associated risk factors, and investigate the association between systemic and oral health. Methods The study included 445 individuals aged 65 or older (average age: 79.7±8.9 years). Data on preserved teeth, dental history, chronic diseases, and medications were collected through clinical examinations. Height and weight were recorded in order to calculate body mass index (BMI), and the education level was also collected. Chronic systemic diseases and medications were categorized. Statistical analysis was conducted using linear regression and nonparametric tests. Results Participants had an average of 4.7±7.7 teeth, with no significant gender differences. Higher age (β=-0.185, p<0.001) and lower education level (p<0.001) were associated with fewer teeth, while higher BMI showed no correlation (β=-0.085, p=0.325). Diabetes mellitus (p=0.031), cardiovascular diseases (p=0.025), and thyroid diseases (p=0.043) were inversely related to retained teeth. This inverse relationship also applied to individuals who recovered from malignancies, not including head and neck malignancies (p=0.019). No significant relationship was found between osteoporosis and the number of teeth (p=0.573). Notably, antidiabetic drug use was inversely related to the number of teeth (p=0.004), while analgesics showed a positive relationship (p=0.022). Conclusions This study highlights the association between specific sociodemographic factors, chronic diseases, and retained teeth among elderly individuals in Slovenia. High edentulism rates among the elderly emphasize the need for enhanced preventive measures and risk factor management, particularly for high-risk groups like the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurij Bojan Žmavc
- University of Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Verdenik
- University of Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Clinical Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Zaloška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana
| | - Zala Skomina
- University of Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Ihan Hren
- University of Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Clinical Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Zaloška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana
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Skalny AV, Korobeinikova TV, Aschner M, Paoliello MMB, Lu R, Skalny AA, Mazaletskaya AL, Tinkov AA. Hair and Serum Trace Element and Mineral Levels Profiles in Women with Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3886-3899. [PMID: 38038893 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate serum and hair trace element and mineral levels in women with osteoporosis, as well as to estimate the impact of menopausal status on the profile of trace element and mineral status in women with osteoporosis. 207 women with diagnosed osteoporosis 22-85 years-of-age, and 197 healthy women of the respective age participated in the present study. Analysis of the levels of mineral and trace element in hair and serum samples was performed by inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). Women with osteoporosis were characterized by significantly lower hair Ca, Mg, Co, I, Li, and Mn levels, as well as serum Ca, Mg, Co, Fe, V, and Zn concentrations compared to women in the control group. After additional grouping according to menopausal status, the lowest hair Ca and Mg content was observed in postmenopausal osteoporotic women, whereas serum Ca and Mg concentrations were the lowest in premenopausal osteoporotic women. Hair Co, Mn, and Zn levels in postmenopausal osteoporotic women were lower than in healthy postmenopausal women. The lowest circulating Zn levels were observed in osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Taken together, decreased hair and serum levels in osteoporotic women are indicative of increased risk of Ca, Mg, Co, and Zn deficiency in women with osteoporosis. In turn, alterations in hair trace element and mineral levels in osteoporosis are more profound in postmenopausal women. Hypothetically, improvement in trace element and mineral metabolism especially in postmenopausal women may be considered as a potential strategy for mitigating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Korobeinikova
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rongzhu Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Andrey A Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna L Mazaletskaya
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Li J, Li K, Zhang Y, Li X, Wang H. Regulation mechanism of endochondral ossification in Rana zhenhaiensis during metamorphosis based on histomorphology and transcriptome analyses. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101286. [PMID: 38996694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification plays a crucial role in the limb development of amphibians. This study explored the ossification sequence in the hindlimb of Rana zhenhaiensis tadpoles and the correlation between thyroid hormones (THs) and endochondral ossification via histomorphology and transcriptional analyses. Our results suggest that ossification of the femur and tibiofibula was initiated during the period of high THs activity (metamorphosis climax). In addition, the results of differentially expressed gene analyses in the hindlimb and tail showed that systemic factors, transcription factors, and locally secreted factors interacted with each other during the metamorphosis climax to regulate the occurrence of endochondral ossification. These results will enrich the morphological data of anurans and provide scientific reference for the evolutionary history of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Kaiyue Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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4
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Li X, Li J, Li K, Zhang Z, Wang H. Effects of perchlorate and exogenous T4 exposures on body condition and endochondral ossification of Rana chensinensis tadpoles. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106767. [PMID: 37972501 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate, as an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), is largely produced and used in the military, fireworks, fertilizers, and other industries and widely exists in water. Although perchlorate is known to destroy the normal function of thyroid hormones (THs) in amphibians and interfere with their growth and development, the impact of TH levels caused by sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) on endochondral ossification and skeletal development is poorly investigated, and the underlying molecular mechanism has not been clarified. The present study aimed to explore the potential effects of NaClO4 and exogenous thyroxine (T4) on the skeletal development of Rana chensinensis tadpoles and elucidate the related molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that histological changes occurred to the femur and tibia-fibula of tadpoles raised in 250 μg/L NaClO4 and 5 μg/L exogenous T4, and the length of their hindlimbs was significantly reduced. In addition, exogenous T4 exposure significantly interfered with the expression of Dio3, TRβ, MMP9, MMP13, and Runx2, inhibiting the endochondral ossification process. Therefore, we provide robust evidence that the changes in TH levels caused by NaClO4 and exogenous T4 will adversely affect the endochondral ossification and skeletal development of R. chensinensis tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Kaiyue Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhang
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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5
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Levy SB, Bribiescas RG. Hierarchies in the energy budget: Thyroid hormones and the evolution of human life history patterns. Evol Anthropol 2023; 32:275-292. [PMID: 37584402 DOI: 10.1002/evan.22000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of human life history characteristics required dramatic shifts in energy allocation mechanisms compared with our primate ancestors. Thyroid hormones, such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), are sensitive to energy balance, and are significant determinants for both tissue-specific and whole-body metabolic rate. Thus, thyroid hormones are in part responsible for setting the body's overall energy budget and likely played an important role in the evolution of human life history patterns. We propose that the dynamics of mammalian T3 production, uptake, and action have evolved so that energy allocation prioritizes the high demands of brain development and functioning, often at the expense of growth and reproduction. This paper explores the role of thyroid hormone dynamics in the evolution of human encephalization, prolonged childhood and adolescence, long lifespans, reproduction, and human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Levy
- Department of Anthropology, CUNY Hunter College, New York, New York, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York, USA
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Dyrek N, Wikarek A, Niemiec M, Kocełak P. Selected musculoskeletal disorders in patients with thyroid dysfunction, diabetes, and obesity. Reumatologia 2023; 61:305-317. [PMID: 37745138 PMCID: PMC10515130 DOI: 10.5114/reum/170312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many medical conditions affect the skeletal system and constitute independent risk factors for fractures. The action of thyroid hormones is necessary to maintain adequate development, mineralization, and bone strength. Untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis, and pathological fractures. In hypothyroidism, the changes in the quality of bone structure lead to an increase in the frequency of fractures. Excessive body weight negatively impacts fracture risk, increases the risk of osteoarthritis and accelerates the development of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with an increased risk of bone fractures despite different etiopathogenesis due to the duration of the disease and the pro-inflammatory state, the incorporation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) into the bone matrix, and microvascular disorders. This study summarizes the current literature on the influence of thyroid dysfunction, obesity, and diabetes on the skeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Dyrek
- Students’ Scientific Society at the Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Science, The Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wikarek
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Science, The Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Niemiec
- Students’ Scientific Society at the Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Science, The Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Kocełak
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Science, The Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Niu Z, Xue H, Jiang Z, Chai L, Wang H. Effects of temperature on metamorphosis and endochondral ossification in Rana chensinensis tadpoles. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 45:101057. [PMID: 36657230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the important factors affecting the growth, development, and metamorphosis of amphibians. Endochondral ossification during metamorphosis plays a crucial role in amphibian survival and adaptation on land. In this study, we explored the effects of different temperature treatments on the growth, development, and endochondral ossification of Rana chensinensis tadpoles during metamorphosis. The results showed that high temperature exposure may affect the skeletal development of tadpoles during metamorphosis, such as reduction of bone length and ossification of limbs, thyroid gland damage and change of ossification-related genes expression levels,and ultimately affect the movement and survival of tadpoles in the terrestrial environment. These results provide an experimental reference for further research on the effects of temperature on amphibian growth and development and provide an important theoretical basis for the decline of the amphibian population caused by temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Niu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - HaoYu Xue
- School of Philosophy and Government, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhaoyang Jiang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lihong Chai
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Optimizing Growth: The Case for Iodine. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040814. [PMID: 36839172 PMCID: PMC9959690 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodine is an essential micronutrient and component of thyroid hormone. An adequate dietary iodine intake is critical to maintain and promote normal growth and development, especially during vulnerable life stages such as pregnancy and early infancy. The role of iodine in cognitive development is supported by numerous interventional and observational studies, and when iodine intake is too low, somatic growth is also impaired. This can be clearly seen in cases of untreated congenital hypothyroidism related to severe iodine deficiency, which is characterized, in part, by a short stature. Nevertheless, the impact of a less severe iodine deficiency on growth, whether in utero or postnatal, is unclear. Robust studies examining the relationship between iodine and growth are rarely feasible, including the aspect of examining the effect of a single micronutrient on a process that is reliant on multiple nutrients for optimal success. Conversely, excessive iodine intake can affect thyroid function and the secretion of optimal thyroid hormone levels; however, whether this affects growth has not been examined. This narrative review outlines the mechanisms by which iodine contributes to the growth process from conception onwards, supported by evidence from human studies. It emphasizes the need for adequate iodine public health policies and their robust monitoring and surveillance, to ensure coverage for all population groups, particularly those at life stages vulnerable for growth. Finally, it summarizes the other micronutrients important to consider alongside iodine when seeking to assess the impact of iodine on somatic growth.
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9
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Wang M, Roggero VR, Allison LA. Mediator subunit MED1 differentially modulates mutant thyroid hormone receptor intracellular dynamics in Resistance to Thyroid Hormone syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 559:111781. [PMID: 36191835 PMCID: PMC9985138 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) controls the expression of thyroid hormone (T3)-responsive genes, while undergoing rapid nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. In Resistance to Thyroid Hormone syndrome (RTH), mutant TR fails to activate T3-dependent transcription. Previously, we showed that Mediator subunit 1 (MED1) plays a role in TR nuclear retention. Here, we investigated MED1's effect on RTH mutants using nucleocytoplasmic scoring and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in transfected cells. MED1 overexpression and knockout did not change the nucleocytoplasmic distribution or intranuclear mobility of C392X and P398R TRα1 at physiological T3 levels. At elevated T3 levels, however, overexpression increased P398R's nuclear retention and MED1 knockout decreased P398R's and A263V's intranuclear mobility, while not impacting C392X. Although A263V TRα1-transfected cells had a high percentage of aggregates, MED1 rescued A263V's impaired intranuclear mobility, suggesting that MED1 ameliorates nonfunctional aggregates. Results correlate with clinical severity, suggesting that altered interaction between MED1 and TRα1 mutants contributes to RTH pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyao Wang
- Department of Biology, William & Mary, 540 Landrum Drive, Integrated Science Center 3030, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Vincent R Roggero
- Department of Biology, William & Mary, 540 Landrum Drive, Integrated Science Center 3030, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Lizabeth A Allison
- Department of Biology, William & Mary, 540 Landrum Drive, Integrated Science Center 3030, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA.
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Durham EL, Grey ZJ, Black L, Howie RN, Barth JL, Lee BS, Cray JJ. Sfrp4 expression in thyroxine treated calvarial cells. Life Sci 2022; 311:121158. [PMID: 36370870 PMCID: PMC9719041 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Evidence suggests alterations of thyroid hormone levels can disrupt normal bone development. Most data suggest the major targets of thyroid hormones to be the Htra1/Igf1 pathway. Recent discovery by our group suggests involvement of targets WNT pathway, specifically overexpression of antagonist Sfrp4 in the presence of exogenous thyroid hormone. MAIN METHODS Here we aimed to model these interactions in vitro using primary and isotype cell lines to determine if thyroid hormone drives increased Sfrp4 expression in cells relevant to craniofacial development. Transcriptional profiling, bioinformatics interrogation, protein and function analyses were used. KEY FINDINGS Affymetrix transcriptional profiling found Sfrp4 overexpression in primary cranial suture derived cells stimulated with thyroxine in vitro. Interrogation of the SFRP4 promoter identified multiple putative binding sites for thyroid hormone receptors. Experimentation with several cell lines demonstrated that thyroxine treatment induced Sfrp4 expression, demonstrating that Sfrp4 mRNA and protein levels are not tightly coupled. Transcriptional and protein analyses demonstrate thyroid hormone receptor binding to the proximal promoter of the target gene Sfrp4 in murine calvarial pre-osteoblasts. Functional analysis after thyroxine hormone stimulation for alkaline phosphatase activity shows that pre-osteoblasts increase alkaline phosphatase activity compared to other cell types, suggesting cell type susceptibility. Finally, we added recombinant SFRP4 to pre-osteoblasts in combination with thyroxine treatment and observed a significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase positivity. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, these results suggest SFRP4 may be a key regulatory molecule that prevents thyroxine driven osteogenesis. These data corroborate clinical findings indicating a potential for SFRP4 as a diagnostic or therapeutic target for hyperostotic craniofacial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Durham
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zachary J Grey
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Laurel Black
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - R Nicole Howie
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeremy L Barth
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Beth S Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James J Cray
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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11
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Rodrigues BM, Mathias LS, Deprá IDC, Cury SS, de Oliveira M, Olimpio RMC, De Sibio MT, Gonçalves BM, Nogueira CR. Effects of Triiodothyronine on Human Osteoblast-Like Cells: Novel Insights From a Global Transcriptome Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886136. [PMID: 35784485 PMCID: PMC9248766 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones play a significant role in bone development and maintenance, with triiodothyronine (T3) particularly being an important modulator of osteoblast differentiation, proliferation, and maintenance. However, details of the biological processes (BPs) and molecular pathways affected by T3 in osteoblasts remain unclear.Methods: To address this issue, primary cultures of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were subjected to our previously established osteoinduction protocol, and the resultant osteoblast-like cells were treated with 1 nm or 10 nm T3 for 72 h. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed using the Illumina platform, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the raw data using Kallisto and DESeq2. Enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed against the Gene Ontology Consortium database for BP terms using the R package clusterProfiler and protein network analysis by STRING.Results: Approximately 16,300 genes were analyzed by RNA-Seq, with 343 DEGs regulated in the 1 nm T3 group and 467 upregulated in the 10 nm T3 group. Several independent BP terms related to bone metabolism were significantly enriched, with a number of genes shared among them (FGFR2, WNT5A, WNT3, ROR2, VEGFA, FBLN1, S1PR1, PRKCZ, TGFB3, and OSR1 for 1nM T3; and FZD1, SMAD6, NOG, NEO1, and ENG for 10 nm T3). An osteoblast-related search in the literature regarding this set of genes suggests that both T3 doses are unfavorable for osteoblast development, mainly hindering BMP and canonical and non-canonical WNT signaling.Conclusions: Therefore, this study provides new directions toward the elucidation of the mechanisms of T3 action on osteoblast metabolism, with potential future implications for the treatment of endocrine-related bone pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Moretto Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lucas Solla Mathias
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Igor de Carvalho Deprá
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Sarah Santiloni Cury
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bianca Mariani Gonçalves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Célia Regina Nogueira,
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Chen A, Deng H, Song X, Liu X, Chai L. Effects of Separate and Combined Exposure of Cadmium and Lead on the Endochondral Ossification in Bufo gargarizans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1228-1245. [PMID: 35040517 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and most studies have examined the potential effects of Cd or Pb alone on aquatic organisms. In the present study, chronic effects of Cd and Pb, alone and in combination, on Bufo gargarizans were investigated by exposing embryos to these contaminants throughout metamorphosis. Significant reductions in body mass and snout-to-vent length were observed in B. gargarizans at Gosner stage 42 (Gs 42) and Gs 46 exposed to a Cd/Pb mixture. Single and combined exposure with Cd and Pb induced histological alterations of the thyroid gland characterized by reduced colloid area and thickness of epithelial cells. There was a significant decrease in the maximum jump distance of froglets exposed to Cd alone and the Cd/Pb mixture, and the jumping capacity showed a positive correlation with hind limb length and tibia/fibula. Moreover, single metals and their mixture induced reduction of endochondral bone formation in B. gargarizans. Transcriptomic and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed that genes involved in skeletal ossification (TRα, TRβ, Dio2, Dio3, MMP9, MMP13, Runx1, Runx2, and Runx3) were transcriptionally dysregulated by Cd and Pb exposure alone or in combination. Our results suggested that despite the low concentration tested, the Cd/Pb mixture induced more severe impacts on B. gargarizans. In addition, the Cd/Pb mixture might reduce chances of survival for B. gargarizans froglets by decreasing size at metamorphosis, impaired skeletal ossification, and reduction in jumping ability, which might result from dysregulation of genes involved in thyroid hormone action and endochondral ossification. The findings obtained could add a new dimension to understanding of the mechanisms underpinning skeletal ossification response to heavy metals in amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1228-1245. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Chen
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongzhang Deng
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuling Song
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihong Chai
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Liu Y, Wang H, Chai L, Li X, Wu M, Wang H. Effects of perchlorate and exogenous T4 exposures on development, metamorphosis and endochondral ossification in Bufo gargarizans larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 242:106036. [PMID: 34818595 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Several endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been proven to interfere with the physiological function of thyroid hormone (TH), which affected growth and development. However, few studies have investigated the effects of EDCs on TH axis with consequence for skeletal development in amphibians. This study thus examined the potential role of perchlorate and T4 in growth, development and endochondral ossification during metamorphosis of Bufo gargarizans. Our studies showed that NaClO₄ treatment caused weight gain and delayed the developmental stage in B. gargarizans tadpoles, while T4 decreased body size and survival rate, accelerated metamorphic duration and increased the risk of early death. Histological sections suggested that NaClO₄ and T4 treatments caused damages to thyroid tissue, such as decreased thyroid gland size, follicle size, colloid area, the height of follicular epithelial cells and the number of follicles. In addition, the double skeletal staining and RT-qPCR showed that NaClO₄ and T4 treatments inhibited the endochondral ossification by regulating TH synthesis (TRs, Dios) and endochondral ossification-related genes (MMPs, Runxs, VEGFs and VEGFRs) expression levels, which might affect terrestrial locomotion and terrestrial life. Altogether, these thyroid injury and gene expression changes as caused by NaClO₄ and T4 may have an influence on development and endochondral ossification during the metamorphosis of amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Liu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hemei Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lihong Chai
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Minyao Wu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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14
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Zhu S, Pang Y, Xu J, Chen X, Zhang C, Wu B, Gao J. Endocrine Regulation on Bone by Thyroid. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873820. [PMID: 35464058 PMCID: PMC9020229 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an endocrine organ, the thyroid acts on the entire body by secreting a series of hormones, and bone is one of the main target organs of the thyroid. SUMMARY This review highlights the roles of thyroid hormones and thyroid diseases in bone homeostasis. CONCLUSION Thyroid hormones play significant roles in the growth and development of bone, and imbalance of thyroid hormones can impair bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidan Pang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Junjie Gao, ; Bo Wu, ; Changqing Zhang,
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Junjie Gao, ; Bo Wu, ; Changqing Zhang,
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Junjie Gao, ; Bo Wu, ; Changqing Zhang,
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15
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Bundy JA, Yang JT, Morscher MA, Steiner RP, Adamczyk MJ, Weiner DS, Jacquet RD, Landis WJ. Induced hypothyroidism alters articular cartilage in skeletally immature miniature swine. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:643-657. [PMID: 33073630 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1839436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Thyroid hormone has been implicated in the normal growth and development of articular cartilage; however, its effect on a disease state, such as hypothyroidism, is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to compare normal articular cartilage from proximal femurs of immature miniature swine to proximal femurs from hypothyroid-induced immature miniature swine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two 11-week-old male Sinclair miniature swine were made hypothyroid by administration of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in their drinking water; two control animals did not receive PTU. At 25 weeks of age, the animals were euthanized and their proximal femurs were fixed and decalcified. Samples were sectioned and analyzed by histology to define extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify types II and X collagen, and histomorphometry to assess articular cartilage mean total and localized height and cell density. Statistics included nested mixed-effects ANOVA with p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS Compared to controls, hypothyroid articular cartilage demonstrated statistically significant quantitative differences in mean tissue height, mean cell density and type II collagen localized zone height. Qualitative differences in ECM proteoglycans and overall collagen types were also found. Type X collagen was not detected in either hypothyroid or control articular cartilage specimens. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes in articular cartilage structure in hypothyroid compared to control immature miniature swine suggest that thyroid hormone is critical in the growth and development of articular cartilage. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding articular cartilage development in immature animal models may provide insight into healing or repair of degenerative human articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Bundy
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julianne T Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stark Women's Center, Canton, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Mark J Adamczyk
- Department of Orthopedics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Dennis S Weiner
- Department of Orthopedics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Robin DiFeo Jacquet
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - William J Landis
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
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16
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Ren C, Teng Y, Shen Y, Yao Q, Wang H. Altered temperature affect body condition and endochondral ossification in Bufo gargarizans tadpoles. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103020. [PMID: 34420650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bufo gargarizans is one kind of economic animals with higher medicinal value in China. In this study, B. gargarizans (Bufo gargarizans) tadpoles were reared at three different water temperature (15, 22 and 29 °C) from Gosner stages 28-46. We investigated the effects of temperature on growth, development, survival, metamorphic duration, size and skeletal ossification at Gosner stage 40, 42, and 46, as well as thyroid tissue reached metamorphic climax (Gs42). Besides, we examined the transcription levels of endochondral ossification-related genes in hind limb at metamorphic climax (Gs42). Our results showed that the growth and development of tadpoles conform to the temperature-size rule (TSR). While warm temperature resulted in the decrease in body size and hind limb length, and shorten larval period, cold temperature led to increase in body size and hind limb length but prolonged larval period. Histological examinations revealed that warm and cold temperatures caused damage to thyroid tissue. Also, warm and cold temperatures inhibited the degree of ossification with the double staining methodology. Additionally, the real-time PCR results suggested that warm and cold temperatures significantly up-regulated Runx2, VEGF and VEGFR mRNA levels, and down-regulated TRβ, MMP9, MMP13 and Runx3 mRNA levels. The up-regulation of Dio2 level and down-regulation of Dio3 level were observed in warm temperature. TRα mRNA level was significantly increased in warm temperature, but decreased in cold temperature. Collectively, these observations demonstrated that warm and cold temperatures affected endochondral ossification in B. gargarizans tadpoles, which might influence their capacity to terrestrial locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolu Ren
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yiran Teng
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yujia Shen
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Qiong Yao
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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17
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Deng T, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Huan Z, Yu C, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xu J. Thyroid-stimulating hormone decreases the risk of osteoporosis by regulating osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:49. [PMID: 33726721 PMCID: PMC7968288 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the incidence of secretory osteoporosis has increased, bone loss, osteoporosis and their relationships with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) have received increased attention. In this study, the role of TSH in bone metabolism and its possible underlying mechanisms were investigated. METHODS We analyzed the serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and TSH and the bone mineral density (BMD) levels of 114 men with normal thyroid function. In addition, osteoblasts from rat calvarial samples were treated with different doses of TSH for different lengths of time. The related gene and protein expression levels were investigated. RESULTS A comparison of the BMD between the high-level and low-level serum TSH groups showed that the TSH serum concentration was positively correlated with BMD. TSH at concentrations of 10 mU/mL and 100 mU/mL significantly increased the mRNA levels of ALP, COI1 and Runx2 compared with those of the control (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2 activity was enhanced with both increased TSH concentration and increased time. The protein levels of Runx2 and osterix were increased in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The circulating concentrations of TSH and BMD were positively correlated with normal thyroid function in males. TSH promoted osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in rat primary osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhikun Huan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Li Z, Yu X, Ren L, Wang Z, Wang F, Jia Y, Chen S. Influence of Low Total Triiodothyronine Levels on Bone Turnover Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2727-2733. [PMID: 34163200 PMCID: PMC8215934 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s309079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate whether low total triiodothyronine (TT3) could affect bone turnover in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that recruited 577 patients with T2DM, 141 patients formed the low TT3 group (TT3<1.30nmol/L) and 436 patients formed the control group (TT3≥1.30nmol/L), and the low TT3 group was further subdivided into four groups based on the TT3 level. To investigate whether TT3 level is associated with poor glycemic control, all participants were divided into high glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) group and low HbA1c group using HbA1c 10.5% as the boundary. RESULTS The levels of OC and PINP were significantly lower in the low TT3 group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). TT3 positively correlated with OC and PINP (r = 0.219, P = 0.009; r = 0.208, P = 0.019) in the low TT3 group, and this positive correlation still existed after adjusting for other factors in multilinear regression analysis. Next, we want to find a cut-off point to prevent osteoporosis, we divided the patients in the low TT3 group into four groups based on the TT3 level, the levels of OC and PINP were significantly lower in the TT3 < 1.00 nmol/L group than in the TT3 ≥ 1.00 nmol/L groups. CONCLUSION In patients with T2DM, low TT3 levels are associated with impaired bone formation. What's more, bone formation was significantly impaired when TT3 was <1.00 nmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Li
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luping Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Fourth People’ s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Jia
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shuchun Chen Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 31185988406Fax +86 31185988406 Email
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Chen X, Hu Y, Jiang T, Xia C, Wang Y, Gao Y. Triiodothyronine Potentiates BMP9-Induced Osteogenesis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through the Activation of AMPK/p38 Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:725. [PMID: 32850840 PMCID: PMC7413205 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4), which are released from the thyroid, control many cellular processes in various cell types. It is worth noting that TH plays a complex role in skeletal metabolic balance, and few studies have investigated whether TH exerts any effects on osteogenesis in bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We explored the effects of T3 on bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9)-induced osteogenesis, which process is considered the most important in the osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells. In vitro osteogenesis was analyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and staining, bone mineralisation, and osteocalcin and osteopontin expression. Fetal limb explant cultures and ectopic MSC implantation further confirmed the role of T3. Finally, we examined the effect of AMPK/p38 signaling on the osteoblastic differentiation. T3 synergizes with BMP9 to enhance osteogenic marker expression induced by BMP9. Furthermore, T3 promotes BMP9-induced bone formation by fetal limb explant cultures and ectopic MSC implantation. Co-treatment with BMP9 and T3 can promote AMPK and p38 phosphorylation, and pretreatment with the AMPK inhibitor compound C and siRNA can abolish phosphorylation of p38 and BMP9+T3-induced ALP activity. Our results suggest that BMP9 and T3 promote osteogenic differentiation at least partially via the activation of the AMPK/p38 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyuan Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Muller I, Taylor PN, Daniel RM, Hales C, Scholz A, Candler T, Pettit RJ, Evans WD, Shillabeer D, Draman MS, Dayan CM, Tang HKC, Okosieme O, Gregory JW, Lazarus JH, Rees DA, Ludgate ME. CATS II Long-term Anthropometric and Metabolic Effects of Maternal Sub-optimal Thyroid Function in Offspring and Mothers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5836234. [PMID: 32396189 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES The Controlled Antenatal Thyroid Screening Study I (CATS-I) was a randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of levothyroxine therapy for suboptimal gestational thyroid function (SGTF), comparing outcomes in children of treated (SGTF-T) with untreated (SGTF-U) women during pregnancy. This follow-up study, CATS-II, reports the long-term effects on anthropometric, bone, and cardiometabolic outcomes in mothers and offspring and includes a group with normal gestational thyroid function (NGTF). DESIGN & PARTICIPANTS 332 mothers (197 NGTF, 56 SGTF-U, 79 SGTF-T) aged 41.2±5.3 years (mean±SD) and 326 paired children assessed 9.3±1.0 years after birth for (i) body mass index (BMI); (ii) lean, fat, and bone mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; (iii) blood pressure, augmentation index, and aortic pulse-wave-velocity; and (iv) thyroid function, lipids, insulin, and adiponectin. The difference between group means was compared using linear regression. RESULTS Offspring's measurements were similar between groups. Although maternal BMI was similar between groups at CATS-I, after 9 years (at CATS-II) SGTF-U mothers showed higher BMI (median [interquartile ratio] 28.3 [24.6-32.6] kg/m2) compared with NGTF (25.8 [22.9-30.0] kg/m2; P = 0.029), driven by fat mass increase. At CATS-II SGTF-U mothers also had higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values (2.45 [1.43-3.50] mU/L) than NGTF (1.54 [1.12-2.07] mU/L; P = 0.015), since 64% had never received levothyroxine. At CATS-II, SGTF-T mothers had BMI (25.8 [23.1-29.8] kg/m2, P = 0.672) and TSH (1.68 [0.89-2.96] mU/L; P = 0.474) values similar to NGTF mothers. CONCLUSIONS Levothyroxine supplementation of women with SGTF did not affect long-term offspring anthropometric, bone, and cardiometabolic measurements. However, absence of treatment was associated with sustained long-term increase in BMI and fat mass in women with SGTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Muller
- Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter N Taylor
- Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rhian M Daniel
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Charlotte Hales
- Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anna Scholz
- Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Toby Candler
- MRC The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rebecca J Pettit
- Radiology, Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering Directorate, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - William D Evans
- Radiology, Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering Directorate, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dionne Shillabeer
- Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mohd S Draman
- Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Colin M Dayan
- Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hiu K C Tang
- Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Onyebuchi Okosieme
- Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - John W Gregory
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - John H Lazarus
- Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Aled Rees
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marian E Ludgate
- Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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21
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Hönes GS, Geist D, Moeller LC. Noncanonical Action of Thyroid Hormone Receptors α and
β. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 128:383-387. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1088-1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThyroid hormone (TH) is essential for the regulation of many physiological
processes, especially growth, organ development, energy metabolism and
cardiovascular effects. TH acts via the TH receptors (TR) α and
β. By binding to thyroid hormone responsive elements (TREs) on the DNA,
TRs regulate expression of TH target genes. Thus, TRs are mainly characterized
as ligand dependent transcription factors and regulation of gene expression and
protein synthesis is considered the canonical mode of TH/TR action. The
demonstration that the ligand-bound TRs α and β also mediate
activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway established
noncanonical TH/TR action as an additional mode of TH signaling.
Recently, TR mutant mouse models allowed to determine the underlying mode of
TH/TR action, either canonical or noncanonical TH/TR signaling,
for several physiological TH effects in vivo: Regulation of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis requires DNA-binding of TRβ, whereas
hepatic triglyceride content appears to be regulated by noncanonical TRβ
signaling. TRα mediated effects in bone development are dependent on
DNA-binding, whereas several cardiovascular TRα effects are rapid and
independent from DNA-binding. Therefore, noncanonical TH/TR action
contributes to the overall effects of TH in physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (G.S.H., D:G.,
L.C.M.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen,
Germany
| | - Daniela Geist
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (G.S.H., D:G.,
L.C.M.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen,
Germany
| | - Lars C. Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (G.S.H., D:G.,
L.C.M.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen,
Germany
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22
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James Cooper W, VanHall R, Sweet E, Milewski H, DeLeon Z, Verderber A, DeLeon A, Galindo D, Lazono O. Functional morphogenesis from embryos to adults: Late development shapes trophic niche in coral reef damselfishes. Evol Dev 2019; 22:221-240. [PMID: 31808993 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The damselfishes are one of the dominant coral reef fish lineages. Their ecological diversification has involved repeated transitions between pelagic feeding using fast bites and benthic feeding using forceful bites. A highly-integrative approach that combined gene expression assays, shape analyses, and high-speed video analyses was used to examine the development of trophic morphology in embryonic, larval, juvenile, and adult damselfishes. The anatomical characters that distinguish pelagic-feeding and benthic-feeding species do not appear until after larval development. Neither patterns of embryonic jaw morphogenesis, larval skull shapes nor larval bite mechanics significantly distinguished damselfishes from different adult trophic guilds. Analyses of skull shape and feeding performance identified two important transitions in the trophic development of a single species (the orange clownfish; Amphiprion percula): (a) a pronounced transformation in feeding mechanics during metamorphosis; and (b) more protracted cranial remodeling over the course of juvenile development. The results of this study indicate that changes in postlarval morphogenesis have played an important role in damselfish evolution. This is likely to be true for other fish lineages, particularly if they consist of marine species, the majority of which have planktonic larvae with different functional requirements for feeding in comparison to their adult forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W James Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Rachel VanHall
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Elly Sweet
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Holly Milewski
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Zoey DeLeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | | | - Adrian DeLeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Demi Galindo
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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23
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Gloux A, Duclos MJ, Brionne A, Bourin M, Nys Y, Réhault-Godbert S. Integrative analysis of transcriptomic data related to the liver of laying hens: from physiological basics to newly identified functions. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:821. [PMID: 31699050 PMCID: PMC6839265 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background At sexual maturity, the liver of laying hens undergoes many metabolic changes to support vitellogenesis. In published transcriptomic approaches, hundreds of genes were reported to be overexpressed in laying hens and functional gene annotation using gene ontology tools have essentially revealed an enrichment in lipid and protein metabolisms. We reanalyzed some data from a previously published article comparing 38-week old versus 10-week old hens to give a more integrative view of the functions stimulated in the liver at sexual maturity and to move beyond current physiological knowledge. Functions were defined based on information available in Uniprot database and published literature. Results Of the 516 genes previously shown to be overexpressed in the liver of laying hens, 475 were intracellular (1.23–50.72 fold changes), while only 36 were predicted to be secreted (1.35–66.93 fold changes) and 5 had no related information on their cellular location. Besides lipogenesis and protein metabolism, we demonstrated that the liver of laying hens overexpresses several clock genes (which supports the circadian control of liver metabolic functions) and was likely to be involved in a liver/brain/liver circuit (neurotransmitter transport), in thyroid and steroid hormones metabolisms. Many genes were associated with anatomical structure development, organ homeostasis but also regulation of blood pressure. As expected, several secreted proteins are incorporated in yolky follicles but we also evidenced that some proteins are likely participating in fertilization (ZP1, MFGE8, LINC00954, OVOCH1) and in thyroid hormone maturation (CPQ). We also proposed that secreted proteins (PHOSPHO1, FGF23, BMP7 but also vitamin-binding proteins) may contribute to the development of peripheral organs including the formation of medullar bones to provide labile calcium for eggshell formation. Thirteen genes are uniquely found in chicken/bird but not in human species, which strengthens that some of these genes may be specifically related to avian reproduction. Conclusions This study gives additional hypotheses on some molecular actors and mechanisms that are involved in basic physiological function of the liver at sexual maturity of hen. It also revealed some additional functions that accompany reproductive capacities of laying hens, and that are usually underestimated when using classical gene ontology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Gloux
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | | | | | - Marie Bourin
- Institut Technique de l'Aviculture (ITAVI), Centre INRA Val de Loire, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Nys
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
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24
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Femia MR, Evans RM, Zhang J, Sun X, Lebegue CJ, Roggero VR, Allison LA. Mediator subunit MED1 modulates intranuclear dynamics of the thyroid hormone receptor. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2909-2926. [PMID: 31692077 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) mediate thyroid hormone (T3 )-dependent gene expression. The nuclear import and export signals that direct TR shuttling are well characterized, but little is known about factors modulating nuclear retention. We used fluorescence-based nucleocytoplasmic scoring and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in transfected cells to investigate whether Mediator subunits MED1 and MED13 play a role in nuclear retention of TR. When MED1 was overexpressed, there was a striking shift towards a greater nuclear localization of TRβ1 and the oncoprotein v-ErbA, subtypes with cytosolic populations at steady-state, and TRβ1 intranuclear mobility was reduced. For TRα1, there was no observable change in its predominantly nuclear distribution pattern or mobility. Consistent with a role for MED1 in nuclear retention, the cytosolic TRα1 and TRβ1 population were significantly greater in MED1-/- cells, compared with MED1+/+ cells. Exposure to T3 and epidermal growth factor, which induces MED1 phosphorylation, also altered TR intranuclear dynamics. Overexpression of miR-208a, which downregulates MED13, led to a more cytosolic distribution of nuclear-localized TRα1; however, overexpression of MED13 had no effect on TRβ1 localization. The known binding site of MED1 overlaps with a transactivation domain and nuclear export signal in helix 12 of TR's ligand-binding domain (LBD). Coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that TR's LBD interacts directly with exportins 5 and 7, suggesting that binding of exportins and MED1 to TR may be mutually exclusive. Collectively, our data provide evidence that MED1 promotes nuclear retention of TR, and highlight the dual functionality of helix 12 in TR transactivation and nuclear export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Femia
- Department of Biology, William and Mary, Williamsburg, Viginia
| | | | - Jibo Zhang
- Department of Biology, William and Mary, Williamsburg, Viginia
| | - Xiaopeng Sun
- Department of Biology, William and Mary, Williamsburg, Viginia
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25
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Galindo D, Sweet E, DeLeon Z, Wagner M, DeLeon A, Carter C, McMenamin SK, Cooper WJ. Thyroid hormone modulation during zebrafish development recapitulates evolved diversity in danionin jaw protrusion mechanics. Evol Dev 2019; 21:231-246. [PMID: 31374588 PMCID: PMC6815664 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protrusile jaws are a highly useful innovation that has been linked to extensive diversification in fish feeding ecology. Jaw protrusion can enhance the performance of multiple functions, such as suction production and capturing elusive prey. Identifying the developmental factors that alter protrusion ability will improve our understanding of fish diversification. In the zebrafish protrusion arises postmetamorphosis. Fish metamorphosis typically includes significant changes in trophic morphology, accompanies a shift in feeding niche and coincides with increased thyroid hormone production. We tested whether thyroid hormone affects the development of zebrafish feeding mechanics. We found that it affected all developmental stages examined, but that effects were most pronounced after metamorphosis. Thyroid hormone levels affected the development of jaw morphology, feeding mechanics, shape variation, and cranial ossification. Adult zebrafish utilize protrusile jaws, but an absence of thyroid hormone impaired development of the premaxillary bone, which is critical to jaw protrusion. Premaxillae from early juvenile zebrafish and hypothyroid adult zebrafish resemble those from adults in the genera Danionella, Devario, and Microdevario that show little to no jaw protrusion. Our findings suggest that evolutionary changes in how the developing skulls of danionin minnows respond to thyroid hormone may have promoted diversification into different feeding niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi Galindo
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Elly Sweet
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Zoey DeLeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Mitchel Wagner
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Adrian DeLeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Casey Carter
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | | | - W. James Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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26
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 70% of Americans with cardiovascular disease use statins, which have documented bleeding effects independent of their cholesterol-lowering activities. However, the literature is conflicting regarding the association between statin use and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in statin users. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, data from the Truven Health MarketScan® Research Database (2009-2015) were used to investigate the risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage amongst statin users aged 30-65 years at the initial prescription claim. Statin users and a group of negative controls (i.e. other chronic medication users) were followed until first gastrointestinal hemorrhage event (both inpatient and outpatient, as well as restricted to inpatient), and were censored at treatment discontinuation, disenrollment from coverage, or the end of the study period. RESULTS Statin users had an elevated risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, which was especially apparent in the first year of treatment (1-year adjusted hazard ratio 1.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-1.23). The risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage leading to hospitalization was even higher (1-year adjusted hazard ratio 1.38; 95% CI 1.30-1.69). High-intensity statin users had a greater rate of gastrointestinal hemorrhage than moderate-intensity users (incidence rates per 1000 subject-years 22.2 (95% CI 21.9-22.8) vs. 21.5 (95% CI 21.3-21.8), respectively). CONCLUSIONS In a population of commercially insured subjects aged 30-65 years, statin users had a higher risk for gastrointestinal hemorrhage than other chronic medication users. These findings are important when treating patients at a high risk for bleeding events.
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27
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Oehler N, Mussawy H, Schmidt T, Rolvien T, Barvencik F. Identification of vitamin D and other bone metabolism parameters as risk factors for primary bone marrow oedema syndrome. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:451. [PMID: 30579337 PMCID: PMC6303903 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aetiology and pathogenesis of primary bone marrow oedema syndrome (BMES) remain unclear. This retrospective cross-sectional study in a large cohort of patients with BMES was performed to characterise the overall skeletal status and turnover in patients with BMES, with the aim of identifying risk factors for this disease. Methods Patients who were diagnosed with BMES on the basis of clinical and radiological (magnetic resonance imaging) findings in our outpatient clinic were identified retrospectively. Patient history, co-existing metabolic disorders, bone metabolism parameters (serum calcium, phosphate, 25-OH-D3, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, and osteocalcin, and urinary deoxypyridinoline) and bone mineral density (as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were extracted from the medical records. Patients with secondary causes for BMES were excluded from the study. Results Of the 171 patients, 65 were identified without secondary cause for BMES. Of the 65 patients, 61.5% were female. The mean age was 49.5 ± 16.7 years, and age-related BMES prevalence showed two peaks, one in adolescence (11–20 years) and one at an older age (51–70 years). BMES predominantly affected the weight-bearing joints, namely, the ankle/foot (55.1%), knee (22.4%) and proximal femur (16.3%). Thyroid disorders and secondary hyperparathyroidism were highly prevalent (21.5 and 21.4%, respectively). On average, the cohort had elevated deoxypyridinoline levels and low 25-OH-D3 levels (19.0 ± 7.5 μg/l in patients without vitamin D supplementation). Osteopenia and osteoporosis were diagnosed in 47.4 and 17.5% of patients, respectively. Conclusions BMES is associated with high bone turnover. Patients who are diagnosed with BMES should be screened carefully for bone metabolism disorders and their potential risk factors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-018-2379-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Oehler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestraße 59, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Haider Mussawy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestraße 59, 22529, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestraße 59, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestraße 59, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Barvencik
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestraße 59, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Muller I, Premawardhana LD. Hypercalcaemia with undetectable parathormone levels. BMJ 2018; 363:k4074. [PMID: 30409898 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Muller
- Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lakdasa D Premawardhana
- Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Ysbyty Ystrad Fawr, Caerphilly, UK
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29
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Gao J, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang H. Endochondral ossification in hindlimbs during bufo gargarizans
metamorphosis: A model of studying skeletal development in vertebrates. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:1121-1134. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinshu Gao
- College of Life Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Life Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- College of Life Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an, 710119 China
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30
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Bo X, Wu M, Xiao H, Wang H. Transcriptome analyses reveal molecular mechanisms that regulate endochondral ossification in amphibian Bufo gargarizans during metamorphosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2632-2644. [PMID: 30076880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A developmental transition from aquatic to terrestrial existence is one of the most important events in the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates. Amphibian metamorphosis is a classic model to study this transition. The development of the vertebrate skeleton can reflect its evolutionary history. Endochondral ossification serves a vital role in skeletal development. Thus, we sought to unravel molecular mechanisms that regulate endochondral ossification during Bufo gargarizans metamorphosis. METHODS The alizarin red-alcian blue double staining method was used to visualize the skeletal development of B. gargarizans during metamorphosis. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explore the transcriptome of B. gargarizans in four key developmental stages during metamorphosis. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to validate the expression patterns of endochondral ossification related genes. RESULTS Endochondral ossification increased gradually in skeletal system of B. gargarizans during metamorphosis. A total of 137,264 unigenes were assembled and 44,035 unigenes were annotated. 10,352 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further extracted among four key developmental stages. In addition, 28 endochondral ossification related genes were found by searching for DEG libraries in B. gargarizans. Of the 28 genes, 10 genes were validated using RT-qPCR. CONCLUSIONS The exquisite coordination of the 28 genes is essential for regulation of endochondral ossification during B. gargarizans metamorphosis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study will not only provide an invaluable genomic resource and background for further research of endochondral ossification in amphibians but will also aid in enhancing our understanding of the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Bo
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Minyao Wu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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31
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Jung WY, Ahn SJ, Oh SW, Kim KA, Park KH, Park YG. Effects of Transmucosal Thyroxine Administration on the Tooth Movement in an Animal Model. APOS TRENDS IN ORTHODONTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/apos.apos_35_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transmucosal administration of thyroxine on the tooth movement and osteoclastic activity in Beagle dogs.
Materials and Methods
Eight Beagles were randomly divided into control group (n = 4) and thyroxine group (4-week group, n = 2 and 8-week group, n = 2). Buttons were bonded on the labial surfaces of the second premolar and anchorage teeth. Nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were connected. In the thyroxine group, thyroxine tablets were bonded to the hooks attached to the second premolar.
Results
The mean rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in the thyroxine group was slightly higher than that in the control group. Microscopic evaluation showed that the number of osteoclasts in the thyroxine group significantly increased.
Conclusion
The protocol for transmucosal administration of thyroxine could not significantly accelerate OTM. An increase in the number of osteoclasts was observed through microscopic evaluation during the 4th week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Young Jung
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Ahn
- Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Wook Oh
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Park
- Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Guk Park
- Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Wang X, Miao J, Xia J, Chang T, E G, Bao J, Jin S, Xu L, Zhang L, Zhu B, Gao X, Chen Y, Li J, Gao H. Identifying novel genes for carcass traits by testing G × E interaction through genome-wide meta-analysis in Chinese Simmental beef cattle. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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33
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Roiz R, Mueske NM, Van Speybroeck A, Ryan DD, Gilsanz V, Wren TAL. Advanced skeletal maturity in children and adolescents with myelomeningocele. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2017; 10:283-293. [PMID: 29125519 PMCID: PMC6373769 DOI: 10.3233/prm-170458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Atypical skeletal development is common in youth with myelomeningocele (MM), though the underlying reasons have not been fully elucidated. This study assessed skeletal maturity in children and adolescents with MM and examined the effects of sex, age, sexual development, ethnicity, anthropometrics and shunt status. METHODS Forty-three males and 35 females with MM, 6-16 years old, underwent hand radiographs for bone age determination. The difference between bone age and chronological age was evaluated using Wilcoxon sign rank tests. Relationships between age discrepancy (skeletal-chronological) and participant characteristics were assessed using multiple linear regression with forward selection. RESULTS Overall, forty percent (31/78) of MM participants had an advanced bone age of 1 year or greater (median: 2.5 years), while 47% (37/78) were within 1 year above or below their chronological age (-0.001 years) and 13% (10/78) were delayed by more than 1 year (-1.4 years). Bone age was advanced compared to chronologic age in both males and females (p⩽ 0.024). Advanced bone age was observed in early to late puberty and after maturation (p⩽ 0.07), as well as in Hispanic participants (p= 0.003) and in those with a shunt (p= 0.0004). Advanced bone age was positively correlated with height, weight and body mass index (BMI) percentiles (p= 0.004). In multiple linear regression analysis, advanced bone age was most strongly associated with higher Tanner stage of sexual development, and higher weight, height or BMI percentile. CONCLUSIONS Advanced skeletal maturity is common in children/adolescents with MM over 8 years of age who have reached puberty (65%), particularly those who are overweight (80%). Hormonal effects associated with adiposity and sexual maturity likely influence skeletal maturation. Clinicians may use Tanner stage and weight or BMI to gain insight into skeletal maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Roiz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole M Mueske
- Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Van Speybroeck
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deirdre D Ryan
- Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vicente Gilsanz
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tishya A L Wren
- Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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34
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Lindsey RC, Mohan S. Thyroid hormone acting via TRβ induces expression of browning genes in mouse bone marrow adipose tissue. Endocrine 2017; 56:109-120. [PMID: 28229360 PMCID: PMC8745377 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutant hypothyroid mouse models have recently shown that thyroid hormone is critical for skeletal development during an important prepubertal growth period. Additionally, thyroid hormone negatively regulates total body fat, consistent with the well-established effects of thyroid hormone on energy and fat metabolism. Since bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells differentiate into both adipocytes and osteoblasts and a relationship between bone marrow adipogenesis and osteogenesis has been predicted, we hypothesized thyroid hormone deficiency during the postnatal growth period increases marrow adiposity in mice. METHODS Marrow adiposity in TH-deficient (Tshr -/-) mice treated with T3/T4, TH receptor β-specific agonist GC-1, or vehicle control was evaluated via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and osmium micro-computed tomography. To further examine the mechanism for thyroid hormone regulation of marrow adiposity, we used real-time RT-PCR to measure the effects of thyroid hormone on adipocyte differentiation markers in primary mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and two mouse cell lines in vitro and in Tshr -/- mice in vivo. RESULTS Marrow adiposity increased >20% (P < 0.01) in Tshr -/- mice at 3 weeks of age, and treatment with T3/T4 when serum thyroid hormone normally increases (day 5-14) rescued this phenotype. Furthermore, GC-1 rescued this phenotype equally well, suggesting this thyroid hormone effect is in part mediated via TRβ signaling. Treatment of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal or ST2 cells with T3 or GC-1 significantly increased expression of several brown/beige fat markers. Moreover, injection of T3/T4 increased browning-specific markers in white fat of Tshr -/- mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that thyroid hormone regulation of marrow adiposity is mediated at least in part via activation of TRβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Lindsey
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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35
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van Gucht ALM, Moran C, Meima ME, Visser WE, Chatterjee K, Visser TJ, Peeters RP. Resistance to Thyroid Hormone due to Heterozygous Mutations in Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 125:337-355. [PMID: 28527577 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormone (TH) acts via nuclear thyroid hormone receptors (TRs). TR isoforms (TRα1, TRα2, TRβ1, TRβ2) are encoded by distinct genes (THRA and THRB) and show differing tissue distributions. Patients with mutations in THRB, exhibiting resistance within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis with elevated TH and nonsuppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, were first described decades ago. In 2012, the first patients with mutations in THRA were identified. Scope of this review: This review describes the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα) due to heterozygous mutations in THRA. The genetic basis and molecular pathogenesis of the disorder together with effects of levothyroxine treatment are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The severity of the clinical phenotype of RTHα patients seems to be associated with the location and type of mutation in THRA. The most frequent abnormalities observed include anemia, constipation, and growth and developmental delay. In addition, serum (F)T3 levels can be high-normal to high, (F)T4 and rT3 levels normal to low, while TSH is normal or mildly raised. Despite heterogeneous consequences of mutations in THRA, RTHα should be suspected in subjects with even mild clinical features of hypothyroidism together with high/high-normal (F)T3, low/low-normal (F)T4, and normal TSH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Moran
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel E Meima
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Edward Visser
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Theo J Visser
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Macaulay LJ, Chernick M, Chen A, Hinton DE, Bailey JM, Kullman SW, Levin ED, Stapleton HM. Exposure to a PBDE/OH-BDE mixture alters juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) development. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:36-48. [PMID: 27329031 PMCID: PMC5535307 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their metabolites (e.g., hydroxylated BDEs [OH-BDEs]) are contaminants frequently detected together in human tissues and are structurally similar to thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones partially mediate metamorphic transitions between life stages in zebrafish, making this a critical developmental window that may be vulnerable to chemicals disrupting thyroid signaling. In the present study, zebrafish were exposed to 6-OH-BDE-47 (30 nM; 15 μg/L) alone, or to a low-dose (30 μg/L) or high-dose (600 μg/L) mixture of PentaBDEs, 6-OH-BDE-47 (0.5-6 μg/L), and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (5-100 μg/L) during juvenile development (9-23 d postfertilization) and evaluated for developmental endpoints mediated by thyroid hormone signaling. Fish were sampled at 3 time points and examined for developmental and skeletal morphology, apical thyroid and skeletal gene markers, and modifications in swimming behavior (as adults). Exposure to the high-dose mixture resulted in >85% mortality within 1 wk of exposure, despite being below reported acute toxicity thresholds for individual congeners. The low-dose mixture and 6-OH-BDE-47 groups exhibited reductions in body length and delayed maturation, specifically relating to swim bladder, fin, and pigmentation development. Reduced skeletal ossification was also observed in 6-OH-BDE-47-treated fish. Assessment of thyroid and osteochondral gene regulatory networks demonstrated significantly increased expression of genes that regulate skeletal development and thyroid hormones. Overall, these results indicate that exposures to PBDE/OH-BDE mixtures adversely impact zebrafish maturation during metamorphosis. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:36-48. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Macaulay
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Melissa Chernick
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Albert Chen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - David E. Hinton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Jordan M. Bailey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Seth W. Kullman
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Edward D. Levin
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Heather M. Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Corresponding author: Heather Stapleton, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328 LSRC A220, Durham, NC 27708, Phone: 919-613-8717, Fax: (919) 684-8741.,
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37
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Liu C, Zhang Y, Fu T, Liu Y, Wei S, Yang Y, Zhao D, Zhao W, Song M, Tang X, Wu H. Effects of electromagnetic fields on bone loss in hyperthyroidism rat model. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 38:137-150. [PMID: 27973686 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Yingchi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Tao Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | | | - Mingyu Song
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Xiangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
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38
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Effects of In Utero Thyroxine Exposure on Murine Cranial Suture Growth. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167805. [PMID: 27959899 PMCID: PMC5154521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Large scale surveillance studies, case studies, as well as cohort studies have identified the influence of thyroid hormones on calvarial growth and development. Surveillance data suggests maternal thyroid disorders (hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism with pharmacological replacement, and Maternal Graves Disease) are linked to as much as a 2.5 fold increased risk for craniosynostosis. Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more calvarial growth sites (sutures) prior to the completion of brain expansion. Thyroid hormones maintain proper bone mineral densities by interacting with growth hormone and aiding in the regulation of insulin like growth factors (IGFs). Disruption of this hormonal control of bone physiology may lead to altered bone dynamics thereby increasing the risk for craniosynostosis. In order to elucidate the effect of exogenous thyroxine exposure on cranial suture growth and morphology, wild type C57BL6 mouse litters were exposed to thyroxine in utero (control = no treatment; low ~167 ng per day; high ~667 ng per day). Thyroxine exposed mice demonstrated craniofacial dysmorphology (brachycranic). High dose exposed mice showed diminished area of the coronal and widening of the sagittal sutures indicative of premature fusion and compensatory growth. Presence of thyroid receptors was confirmed for the murine cranial suture and markers of proliferation and osteogenesis were increased in sutures from exposed mice. Increased Htra1 and Igf1 gene expression were found in sutures from high dose exposed individuals. Pathways related to the HTRA1/IGF axis, specifically Akt and Wnt, demonstrated evidence of increased activity. Overall our data suggest that maternal exogenous thyroxine exposure can drive calvarial growth alterations and altered suture morphology.
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Cheng S, Xing W, Pourteymoor S, Mohan S. Effects of Thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) and their Metabolites on Osteoblast Differentiation. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:435-42. [PMID: 27312083 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies involving human genetic mutations and mutant mouse models have provided irrevocable evidence for a key role for thyroid hormones (THs) in the regulation of skeletal growth. While T3 binds to TH receptors with higher affinity than T4, T4 occupied TH receptors have also been reported in the nucleus under euthyroid conditions raising the possibility that T4 bound nuclear receptors may be biologically relevant in thyroid syndromes with elevated free T4 and reduced T3 levels. We, therefore, evaluated the direct effects of T4, T3, and their metabolites (rT3 and T2) in stimulating osteoblast differentiation using MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts which do not produce detectable levels of deiodinases. Under serum-free conditions, a 24-h treatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with THs and their metabolites caused a dose-dependent increase in the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers, osterix, and osteocalcin. Circulating concentrations of T3 (~1 ng/ml) and T4 (~30 ng/ml) showed similar potency in stimulating osteoblast differentiation marker expression, while rT3 and T2 were less potent than T3 and T4. Moreover, T3 and T4 treatments elevated the IGF-1 mRNA level suggesting the involvement of IGF-1 signaling in the TH regulation of osteoblast differentiation. We conclude that an elevated T4 level in the absence of T3 may exert stimulatory effects on osteoblast differentiation. The establishment of cell-specific effects of T4 on osteoblasts may provide a strategy to generate T4 mimics that exert skeletal specific effects without the confounding T3 effects on other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohong Cheng
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L Pettis VA Medical Center, 11201 Benton St, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA
| | - Weirong Xing
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L Pettis VA Medical Center, 11201 Benton St, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Sheila Pourteymoor
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L Pettis VA Medical Center, 11201 Benton St, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L Pettis VA Medical Center, 11201 Benton St, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA.
- Departments of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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40
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Tung EWY, Yan H, Lefèvre PLC, Berger RG, Rawn DFK, Gaertner DW, Kawata A, Rigden M, Robaire B, Hales BF, Wade MG. Gestational and Early Postnatal Exposure to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Brominated Flame Retardants: General Toxicity and Skeletal Variations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 107:157-68. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily W. Y. Tung
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau; Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Pavine L. C. Lefèvre
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Robert G. Berger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Dorothea F. K. Rawn
- Food Research Division; Bureau of Chemical Safety; Health Products and Food Branch; Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Dean W. Gaertner
- Food Research Division; Bureau of Chemical Safety; Health Products and Food Branch; Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Alice Kawata
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau; Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Marc Rigden
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau; Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; Montréal Quebec Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; McGill University; Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Barbara F. Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Michael G. Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau; Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
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41
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Xing W, Aghajanian P, Goodluck H, Kesavan C, Cheng S, Pourteymoor S, Watt H, Alarcon C, Mohan S. Thyroid hormone receptor-β1 signaling is critically involved in regulating secondary ossification via promoting transcription of the Ihh gene in the epiphysis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E846-54. [PMID: 27026086 PMCID: PMC4895449 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00541.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) action is mediated through two nuclear TH receptors, THRα and THRβ. Although the role of THRα is well established in bone, less is known about the relevance of THRβ-mediated signaling in bone development. On ther basis of our recent finding that TH signaling is essential for initiation and formation of secondary ossification center, we evaluated the role of THRs in mediating TH effects on epiphysial bone formation. Two-day treatment of TH-deficient Tshr(-/-) mice with TH increased THRβ1 mRNA level 3.4-fold at day 7 but had no effect on THRα1 mRNA level at the proximal tibia epiphysis. Treatment of serum-free cultures of tibias from 3-day-old mice with T3 increased THRβ1 expression 2.1- and 13-fold, respectively, at 24 and 72 h. Ten-day treatment of Tshr(-/-) newborns (days 5-14) with THRβ1 agonist GC1 at 0.2 or 2.0 μg/day increased BV/TV at day 21 by 225 and 263%, respectively, compared with vehicle treatment. Two-day treatment with GC1 (0.2 μg/day) increased expression levels of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) 100-fold, osterix 15-fold, and osteocalcin 59-fold compared with vehicle at day 7 in the proximal tibia epiphysis. Gel mobility shift assay demonstrated that a putative TH response element in the distal promoter of mouse Ihh gene interacted with THRβ1. GC1 treatment (1 nM) increased Ihh distal promoter activity 20-fold after 48 h in chondroctyes. Our data suggest a novel role for THRβ1 in secondary ossification at the epiphysis that involves transcriptional upregulation of Ihh gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Xing
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California; Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Patrick Aghajanian
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California
| | - Helen Goodluck
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California
| | - Chandrasekhar Kesavan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California; Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Shaohong Cheng
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sheila Pourteymoor
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California
| | - Heather Watt
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California
| | - Catrina Alarcon
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California; Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; Department of Orthopedics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; and Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
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42
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Tang Y, Yu M, Lian X. Resistance to thyroid hormone α, revelation of basic study to clinical consequences. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:511-22. [PMID: 26812777 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the past 3 years, 15 patients with resistance to thyroid hormone α (RTHα), nine THRA gene mutations have been reported, reforming classification of RTH. RTHα exhibits distinguished clinical manifestations from RTHβ, including growth retardation, skeletal dysplasia, impaired neurodevelopment, cardiovascular dysfunction, constipation and specific thyroid axis type. This review focuses on possible pathogenesis by revelatory basic science of RTHα animal models in vivo, and patients' mutant thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) in vitro. Clinical manifestations and L-T4 effects are summarized, showing strong correlation to the severity of mutation mostly within the domain which dominated TR interaction with T3 and its corepressors/coactivators. In particular, we propose the diagnosis clues and promising treatment for clinicians.
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43
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Reyes Fernandez PC, Replogle RA, Wang L, Zhang M, Fleet JC. Novel Genetic Loci Control Calcium Absorption and Femur Bone Mass as Well as Their Response to Low Calcium Intake in Male BXD Recombinant Inbred Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:994-1002. [PMID: 26636428 PMCID: PMC4862900 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Low dietary calcium (Ca) intake during growth limits peak bone mass but physiological adaptation can prevent this adverse effect. To assess the genetic control on the physiologic response to dietary Ca restriction (RCR), we conducted a study in 51 BXD lines fed either 0.5% (basal) or 0.25% (low) Ca diets from ages 4 to 12 weeks (n = 8/line/diet). Ca absorption (CaAbs), femur bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) were examined. ANCOVA with body size as covariate was used to detect significant line and diet main effects, and line-by-diet interactions. Body size-corrected residuals were used for linkage mapping and to estimate heritability (h(2) ). Loci controlling the phenotypes were identified using composite interval mapping on each diet and for the RCR. h(2) of basal phenotypes (0.37-0.43) and their RCR (0.32-0.38) was moderate. For each phenotype, we identified multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) on each diet and for the RCR. Several loci affected multiple traits: Chr 1 (88.3-90.6 cM, CaAbs, BMC), Chr 4 (45.8-49.2 cM, CaAbs, BMD, BMC), Chr 8 (28.6-31.6 cM, CaAbs, BMD, RCR), and Chr 15 (13.6-24 cM, BMD, BMC; 32.3-36 cM, CaAbs RCR, BMD). This suggests that gene clusters may regulate interdependent bone-related phenotypes. Using in silico expression QTL (eQTL) mapping and bioinformatic tools, we identified novel candidates for the regulation of bone under Ca stress (Ext1, Deptor), and for the first time, we report genes modulating Ca absorption (Inadl, Sc4mol, Sh3rf1, and Dennd3), and both Ca and bone metabolism (Tceanc2, Tll1, and Aadat). Our data reveal gene-by-diet interactions and the existence of novel relationships between bone and Ca metabolism during growth. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca A Replogle
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - James C Fleet
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Chawla R, Alden TD, Bizhanova A, Kadakia R, Brickman W, Kopp PA. Squamosal Suture Craniosynostosis Due to Hyperthyroidism Caused by an Activating Thyrotropin Receptor Mutation (T632I). Thyroid 2015; 25:1167-72. [PMID: 26114856 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2014.0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hyperthyroidism can be a cause of failure to thrive, hyperactivity, developmental delay, and craniosynostosis during infancy. Most commonly, the condition occurs in the setting of maternal autoimmune thyroid disease. Rarely, congenital hyperthyroidism can also occur secondary to activating mutations within the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor. PATIENT FINDINGS A Hispanic male infant presented at age 6 months with severe thyrotoxicosis. At the time of presentation he was being evaluated for squamosal suture synostosis and he was noted to have significant developmental delays. SUMMARY The patient's thyrotoxicosis was initially treated with antithyroid medication, and he subsequently underwent craniosynostosis repair leading to neurodevelopmental improvement. DNA from the patient and his parents was submitted for mutational analysis of exons 9 and 10 of the TSH receptor. He was found to carry a monoallelic transition 1895C>T in exon 10 that resulted in the substitution of threonine at position 632 by isoleucine (T32I). This mutation resulted in constitutive activation of the TSH receptor. Neither parent carried this mutation indicating that the child has acquired a de novo germline mutation. CONCLUSIONS We report the first case of squamosal suture craniosynostosis in a patient with non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism. Squamosal suture craniosynotosis is rare, often has a subtle presentation, and should be considered in all patients with this condition because prompt treatment of hyperthyroidism and craniosynotosis repair can lead to normalization of neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeti Chawla
- 1 Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Phoenix Children's Hospital , Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Tord D Alden
- 2 Division of Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aigerim Bizhanova
- 3 Department of Biology, Harold Washington College , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rachel Kadakia
- 4 Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wendy Brickman
- 4 Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Peter A Kopp
- 5 Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
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Brown BT, Graham PL, Bonello R, Pollard H. A biopsychosocial approach to primary hypothyroidism: treatment and harms data from a randomized controlled trial. Chiropr Man Therap 2015; 23:24. [PMID: 26301086 PMCID: PMC4545871 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-015-0068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine condition. There is evidence to suggest that, for a proportion of sufferers, the standard medical treatment does not completely reverse the constitutional and neuropsychiatric symptoms brought about by this condition. The management of hypothyroidism follows a biomedical model with little consideration given to alternative management approaches. There exists anecdotal evidence and case reports supporting the use of a biopsychosocial-based intervention called Neuro-Emotional Technique (NET) for this population. The aim of this study was to explore the potential short-medium term clinical efficacy and safety of NET for individuals with primary hypothyroidism.DesignPlacebo-controlled, blinded, parallel groups, randomized trial. METHODS Ninety adults with a diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism were recruited from Sydney, Australia. Blinded participants were randomized to either the NET or placebo group and received ten intervention sessions over a six week period. The primary outcome involved the measurement of states of depression using the DASS-42 questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included thyroid function, thyroid autoimmunity testing, SF-36v2 questionnaire, resting heart rate and temperature measurement. Outcomes were obtained at baseline, seven weeks and six months. Questionnaires were completed at the private clinics, and serum measures were obtained and analysed at commercial pathology company locations. Heart rate and temperature were also measured daily by participants. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyse the continuous outcomes. Unadjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the binary outcomes. RESULTS Participants were randomly allocated to the NET (n=44) and placebo (n=46) groups. A proportion of the sample displayed neuropsychiatric disturbances and alterations in quality of life measures at baseline. There were no statistically significant or clinically relevant changes in the primary or secondary outcomes between the NET and placebo groups at time seven weeks or six months. There were a few short-lived minor adverse events reported in both the NET and placebo groups that coincided with the application of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The application of the NET intervention appears to be safe, but did not confer any clinical benefit to the participants in this study and is unlikely to be of therapeutic use in a hypothyroid population. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number: 12607000040460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Brown
- />Department of Chiropractic, Macquarie University, Balaclava Road, North Ryde, 2109 NSW Australia
| | - Petra L. Graham
- />Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Balaclava Road, North Ryde, 2109 NSW Australia
| | - Rod Bonello
- />School of Health Professions - Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 WA Australia
| | - Henry Pollard
- />Private Practice, 84 Kingsway, Cronulla, 2230 NSW Australia
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46
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Bone Indices in Thyroidectomized Patients on Long-Term Substitution Therapy with Levothyroxine Assessed by DXA and HR-pQCT. J Thyroid Res 2015; 2015:796871. [PMID: 26246934 PMCID: PMC4515520 DOI: 10.1155/2015/796871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Studies on bone effects of long-term substitution therapy with levothyroxine (LT4) have shown discrepant results. Previous studies have, however, not evaluated volumetric bone mineral densities (vBMD), bone structure, and strength using high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and finite element analysis (FEA). Using a cross-sectional design, we aimed to determine whether BMD, structure, and strength are affected in hypothyroid patients on LT4 substitution therapy. Methods. We compared 49 patients with well-substituted hypothyroidism with 49 age- and gender-matched population based controls. Areal BMD was assessed by DXA, vBMD and bone geometry by HR-pQCT, and bone strength by FEA. Results. Patients had been thyroidectomized due to thyroid cancer (10%) and nontoxic (33%) or toxic goiter (57%). 82% were women. TSH levels did not differ between groups, but patients had significantly higher levels of T4 (p < 0.001) and lower levels of T3 (p < 0.01). Compared to controls, patients had higher levels of magnesium (p < 0.05), whereas ionized calcium and PTH were lower (p < 0.05). Bone scans did not reveal any differences in BMD, bone geometry, or strength. Conclusion. If patients with hypothyroidism are well-substituted with LT4, the disease does not affect bone indices to any major degree.
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Hübner NS, Merkle A, Jung B, von Elverfeldt D, Harsan LA. Analysis of left ventricular function of the mouse heart during experimentally induced hyperthyroidism and recovery. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:116-123. [PMID: 25394338 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many of the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism are due to the ability of thyroid hormones to alter myocardial contractility and cardiovascular hemodynamics, leading to cardiovascular impairment. In contrast, recent studies highlight also the potential beneficial effects of thyroid hormone administration for clinical or preclinical treatment of different diseases such as atherosclerosis, obesity and diabetes or as a new therapeutic approach in demyelinating disorders. In these contexts and in the view of developing thyroid hormone-based therapeutic strategies, it is, however, important to analyze undesirable secondary effects on the heart. Animal models of experimentally induced hyperthyroidism therefore represent important tools for investigating and monitoring changes of cardiac function. In our present study we use high-field cardiac MRI to monitor and follow-up longitudinally the effects of prolonged thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine) administration focusing on murine left ventricular function. Using a 9.4 T small horizontal bore animal scanner, cinematographic MRI was used to analyze changes in ejection fraction, wall thickening, systolic index and fractional shortening. Cardiac MRI investigations were performed after sustained cycles of triiodothyronine administration and treatment arrest in adolescent (8 week old) and adult (24 week old) female C57Bl/6 N mice. Triiodothyronine supplementation of 3 weeks led to an impairment of cardiac performance with a decline in ejection fraction, wall thickening, systolic index and fractional shortening in both age groups but with a higher extent in the group of adolescent mice. However, after a hormonal treatment cessation of 3 weeks, only young mice are able to partly restore cardiac performance in contrast to adult mice lacking this recovery potential and therefore indicating a presence of chronically developed heart pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neele Saskia Hübner
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Leonova TA, Drozd VM, Saenko VA, Mine M, Biko J, Rogounovitch TI, Takamura N, Reiners C, Yamashita S. Bone mineral density in treated at a young age for differentiated thyroid cancer after Chernobyl female patients on TSH-suppressive therapy receiving or not Calcium-D3 supplementation. Endocr J 2015; 62:173-82. [PMID: 25374130 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) commonly includes TSH-suppressive therapy with L-T4 and, in case of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism, Calcium-D3 supplementation, both of which may affect skeletal health. Experience with female patients treated for DTC at a young age and who were then receiving long-term therapy with L-T4 and Calcium-D3 medication is very limited to date. This cross-sectional study set out to investigate effects of Calcium-D3 supplementation and TSH-suppressive therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in 124 young female patients treated for DTC at a mean age of 14 years and followed-up for an average of 10 years. BMD was found to be significantly higher in patients receiving Calcium-D3 medication than in patients not taking supplements. The level of ionized calcium was the strongest factor determining lumbar spine BMD in patients not receiving Calcium-D3 supplementation. Pregnancy ending in childbirth and HDL-cholesterol were associated with a weak adverse effect on spine and femoral BMD. No evidence of adverse effects of L-T4 and of radioiodine therapies on BMD was found. We conclude that Calcium-D3 medication has a beneficial effect on BMD, and that TSH-suppressive therapy does not affect BMD in women treated for DTC at young age, at least after 10 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Leonova
- Counseling-diagnostic Department of thyroid diseases, Minsk City Clinical Oncologic Dispensary, Minsk 220013, Belarus
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Central genes, pathways and modules that regulate bone mass. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:130-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Xing W, Cheng S, Wergedal J, Mohan S. Epiphyseal chondrocyte secondary ossification centers require thyroid hormone activation of Indian hedgehog and osterix signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:2262-75. [PMID: 24753031 PMCID: PMC4487616 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are known to regulate endochondral ossification during skeletal development via acting directly in chondrocytes and osteoblasts. In this study, we focused on TH effects on the secondary ossification center (SOC) because the time of appearance of SOCs in several species coincides with the time when peak levels of TH are attained. Accordingly, micro-computed tomography (µCT) evaluation of femurs and tibias at day 21 in TH-deficient and control mice revealed that endochondral ossification of SOCs is severely compromised owing to TH deficiency and that TH treatment for 10 days completely rescued this phenotype. Staining of cartilage and bone in the epiphysis revealed that whereas all of the cartilage is converted into bone in the prepubertal control mice, this conversion failed to occur in the TH-deficient mice. Immunohistochemistry studies revealed that TH treatment of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor mutant (Tshr(-/-) ) mice induced expression of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and Osx in type 2 collagen (Col2)-expressing chondrocytes in the SOC at day 7, which subsequently differentiate into type 10 collagen (Col10)/osteocalcin-expressing chondro/osteoblasts at day 10. Consistent with these data, treatment of tibia cultures from 3-day-old mice with 10 ng/mL TH increased expression of Osx, Col10, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin in the epiphysis by sixfold to 60-fold. Furthermore, knockdown of the TH-induced increase in Osx expression using lentiviral small hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly blocked TH-induced ALP and osteocalcin expression in chondrocytes. Treatment of chondrogenic cells with an Ihh inhibitor abolished chondro/osteoblast differentiation and SOC formation. Our findings indicate that TH regulates the SOC initiation and progression via differentiating chondrocytes into bone matrix-producing osteoblasts by stimulating Ihh and Osx expression in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Xing
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Shaohong Cheng
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jon Wergedal
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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