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Kizer ME, R. Dwyer J. Editors' Choice-Perspective-Deciphering the Glycan Kryptos by Solid-State Nanopore Single-Molecule Sensing: A Call for Integrated Advancements Across Glyco- and Nanopore Science. ECS SENSORS PLUS 2024; 3:020604. [PMID: 38799647 PMCID: PMC11125560 DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ad49b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Glycans, or complex carbohydrates, are information-rich biopolymers critical to many biological processes and with considerable importance in pharmaceutical therapeutics. Our understanding, though, is limited compared to other biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. The greater complexity of glycan structure and the limitations of conventional chemical analysis methods hinder glycan studies. Auspiciously, nanopore single-molecule sensors-commercially available for DNA sequencing-hold great promise as a tool for enabling and advancing glycan analysis. We focus on two key areas to advance nanopore glycan characterization: molecular surface coatings to enhance nanopore performance including by molecular recognition, and high-quality glycan chemical standards for training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Kizer
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States of America
| | - Jason R. Dwyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, United States of America
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2
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Medrano‐Cerano JL, Cofas‐Vargas LF, Leyva E, Rauda‐Ceja JA, Calderón‐Vargas M, Cano‐Sánchez P, Titaux‐Delgado G, Melchor‐Meneses CM, Hernández‐Arana A, del Río‐Portilla F, García‐Hernández E. Decoding the mechanism governing the structural stability of wheat germ agglutinin and its isolated domains: A combined calorimetric, NMR, and MD simulation study. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5020. [PMID: 38747397 PMCID: PMC11094770 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) demonstrates potential as an oral delivery agent owing to its selective binding to carbohydrates and its capacity to traverse biological membranes. In this study, we employed differential scanning calorimetry and molecular dynamics simulations to comprehensively characterize the thermal unfolding process of both the complete lectin and its four isolated domains. Furthermore, we present the nuclear magnetic resonance structures of three domains that were previously lacking experimental structures in their isolated forms. Our results provide a collective understanding of the energetic and structural factors governing the intricate unfolding mechanism of the complete agglutinin, shedding light on the specific role played by each domain in this process. The analysis revealed negligible interdomain cooperativity, highlighting instead significant coupling between dimer dissociation and the unfolding of the more labile domains. By comparing the dominant interactions, we rationalized the stability differences among the domains. Understanding the structural stability of WGA opens avenues for enhanced drug delivery strategies, underscoring its potential as a promising carrier throughout the gastrointestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Medrano‐Cerano
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad UniversitariaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | | | - Eduardo Leyva
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad UniversitariaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Jesús Antonio Rauda‐Ceja
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad UniversitariaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Mateo Calderón‐Vargas
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad UniversitariaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Patricia Cano‐Sánchez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad UniversitariaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Gustavo Titaux‐Delgado
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad UniversitariaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | | | - Andrés Hernández‐Arana
- Área de Biofisicoquímica, Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana IztapalapaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Federico del Río‐Portilla
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad UniversitariaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Enrique García‐Hernández
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad UniversitariaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
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3
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Xu Z, Liu Y, Liu J, Ma W, Zhang Z, Chapla DG, Wen L, Moremen KW, Yi W, Li T. Integrated chemoenzymatic synthesis of a comprehensive sulfated ganglioside glycan library to decipher functional sulfoglycomics and sialoglycomics. Nat Chem 2024; 16:881-892. [PMID: 38844638 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Ganglioside glycans are ubiquitous and complex biomolecules that are involved in a wide range of biological functions and disease processes. Variations in sialylation and sulfation render the structural complexity and diversity of ganglioside glycans, and influence protein-carbohydrate interactions. Structural and functional insights into the biological roles of these glycans are impeded due to the limited accessibility of well-defined structures. Here we report an integrated chemoenzymatic strategy for expeditious and systematic synthesis of a comprehensive 65-membered ganglioside glycan library covering all possible patterns of sulfation and sialylation. This strategy relies on the streamlined modular assembly of three common sialylated precursors by highly stereoselective iterative sialylation, modular site-specific sulfation through flexible orthogonal protecting-group manipulations and enzymatic-catalysed diversification using three sialyltransferase modules and a galactosidase module. These diverse ganglioside glycans enable exploration into their structure-function relationships using high-throughput glycan microarray technology, which reveals that different patterns of sulfation and sialylation on these glycans mediate their unique binding specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Liuqing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Wen Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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4
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Orlova AV, Malysheva NN, Panova MV, Podvalnyy NM, Medvedev MG, Kononov LO. Comparison of glycosyl donors: a supramer approach. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:181-192. [PMID: 38318458 PMCID: PMC10840533 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new methods for chemical glycosylation commonly includes comparison of various glycosyl donors. An attempted comparison of chemical properties of two sialic acid-based thioglycoside glycosyl donors, differing only in the substituent at O-9 (trifluoroacetyl vs chloroacetyl), at different concentrations (0.05 and 0.15 mol·L-1) led to mutually excluding conclusions concerning their relative reactivity and selectivity, which prevented us from revealing a possible influence of remote protective groups at O-9 on glycosylation outcome. According to the results of the supramer analysis of the reaction solutions, this issue might be related to the formation of supramers of glycosyl donors differing in structure hence chemical properties. These results seem to imply that comparison of chemical properties of different glycosyl donors may not be as simple and straightforward as it is usually considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Orlova
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nelly N Malysheva
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Panova
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita M Podvalnyy
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael G Medvedev
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
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5
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Paul M, Saha B, Mukhopadhyay S. Development of a novel lectin-based gold nanoparticle point-of-care immunoassay for rapid diagnosis of patients with severe Dengue infection. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2023; 44:418-435. [PMID: 37789768 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2023.2260480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis of patients with severe Dengue infection can be useful for the efficient clinical management of cases caused by the Dengue virus. Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA) have been broadly used for rapid Dengue diagnosis, because of their quick readouts with the human eye, simplicity of use, and affordability. Despite the availability of several commercial Dengue point-of-care assays, none has shown to be successful in discriminating between severe and nonsevere forms of Dengue infection. In the current study, for the first time, a novel lectin-based point-of-care assay for the early detection of patients with severe Dengue infection with gold-adorned sheets as detection labels is being reported. In this assay, Dengue severity was diagnosed by detecting the glycosylation profile of vitronectin, a known Dengue severity marker. Two lectins were employed namely DSA (Datura stramonium) and MAA (Maackia amurensis) that can recognize specific glycans like galactose Gal-(1-4) GlcNAc and sialic acid in an (α2-3) linkage, which displayed high sensitivity and high specificity, i.e. 90% and 85% for DSA and 90.91% and 95% for MAA. The new assay has a detection limit of 5 µg µl-1 and enables the quick (30 min) and sensitive detection of severe Dengue cases. The reported point-of-care immunoassay exhibits considerable promise for early identification of patients with Dengue severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Paul
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India
| | - Bibhuti Saha
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Advanced Microbiology, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India
| | - Sumi Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India
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6
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Pinillos P, Camiruaga A, Torres-Hernández F, Basterrechea FJ, Usabiaga I, Fernández JA. Exploring the interaction sites in glucose and galactose using phenol as a probe. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7205-7212. [PMID: 36846922 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp06036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Sugars, together with amino acids and nucleobases, are the fundamental building blocks of a cell. They are involved in many fundamental processes and they especially play relevant roles as part of the immune system. The latter is connected to their ability to establish a collection of intermolecular interactions, depending on the position of their hydroxyl groups. Here we explore how the position of the OH in C4, the anomeric conformation and the nature substituent affect the interaction with phenol, which serves as a probe of the preferred site for the interaction. Using mass-resolved excitation spectroscopy and density functional calculations, we unravel the structure of the dimers and compare their conformation with those found for similar systems. The main conclusion is that the hydroxymethyl group has a very strong influence, guiding the whole aggregation process and that the position of the substituent in C4 has a stronger influence on the final structure of the dimer than the anomeric conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paúl Pinillos
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fac. of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Spain.
| | - Ander Camiruaga
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fac. of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Spain.
| | - Fernando Torres-Hernández
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fac. of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Basterrechea
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fac. of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Spain.
| | - Imanol Usabiaga
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fac. of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Spain.
| | - José A Fernández
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fac. of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Spain.
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7
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Phase-Transfer Catalyzed Microfluidic Glycosylation: A Small Change in Concentration Results in a Dramatic Increase in Stereoselectivity. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) is widely used in glycochemistry for the preparation of aryl glycosides by the glycosylation reaction. While investigating the possibility of synthesis of 4-(3-chloropropoxy)phenyl sialoside (Neu5Ac-OCPP) from N-acetylsialyl chloride with O-acetyl groups (1), we have recently discovered a strong dependence of the PTC glycosylation outcome on the mixing mode: under batch conditions, only α-anomer of Neu5Ac-OCPP was obtained, albeit in low yield (13%), while under microfluidic conditions the yield of Neu5Ac-OCPP increased to 36%, although stereoselectivity decreased (α/β ≤ 6.2). Here, we report that the outcome of this reaction, performed under microfluidic conditions using a Comet X-01 micromixer (at 2 μL/min flow rate), non-linearly depends on the concentration of N-acetylsialyl chloride 1 (5–200 mmol/L). The target Neu5Ac-OCPP was obtained in a noticeably higher yield (up to 66%) accompanied by enhanced stereoselectivity (α/β = 17:1–32:1) in the high concentration range (C > 50 mmol/L), whereas the yield (10–36%) and especially, stereoselectivity (α/β = 0.9:1–6.2:1) were lower in the low concentration range (C ≤ 50 mmol/L). This dramatic stepwise increase in stereoselectivity above critical concentration (50 mmol/L) is apparently related to the changes in the presentation of molecules on the surface of supramers of glycosyl donor, which exist in different concentration ranges.
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8
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Čoma M, Manning JC, Kaltner H, Gál P. The sweet side of wound healing: galectins as promising therapeutic targets in hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation/remodeling. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:41-53. [PMID: 36716023 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2175318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the molecular and cellular processes involved in skin wound healing may pave the way for the development of innovative approaches to transforming the identified natural effectors into therapeutic tools. Based on the extensive involvement of the ga(lactoside-binding)lectin family in (patho)physiological processes, it has been well established that galectins are involved in a wide range of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. AREAS COVERED In the present paper, we provide an overview of the biological role of galectins in repair and regeneration, focusing on four main phases (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation/remodeling) of skin repair using basic wound models (open excision vs. sutured incision). EXPERT OPINION The reported data make a strong case for directing further efforts to treat excisional and incisional wounds differently. Functions of galectins essentially result from their modular presentation. In fact, Gal-1 seems to play a role in the early phases of healing (anti-inflammatory) and wound contraction, Gal-3 accelerates re-epithelization and increases tensile strength (scar inductor). Galectins have also become subject of redesigning by engineering to optimize the activity. Clinically relevant, these new tools derived from the carbohydrate recognition domain platform may also prove helpful for other purposes, such as potent antibacterial agglutinins and opsonins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Čoma
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Inc, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Gál
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Inc, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Prague Burn Center, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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9
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Liu Y, Huang Y, Zhu R, Farag MA, Capanoglu E, Zhao C. Structural elucidation approaches in carbohydrates: A comprehensive review on techniques and future trends. Food Chem 2023; 400:134118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Zhao Y. Molecularly imprinted materials for glycan recognition and processing. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6607-6617. [PMID: 35481837 PMCID: PMC9476894 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00164k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic molecules on Earth and glycosylation is the most common posttranslational modification of proteins. Glycans are involved in a plethora of biological processes including cell adhesion, bacterial and viral infection, inflammation, and cancer development. Coincidently, glycosides were some of the earliest molecules imprinted and have been instrumental in the development of covalent molecular imprinting technology. This perspective illustrates recently developed molecularly imprinted materials for glycan binding and processing. Novel imprinting techniques and postmodification led to development of synthetic glycan-binding materials capable of competing with natural lectins in affinity and artificial glycosidases for selective hydrolysis of complex glycans. These materials are expected to significantly advance glycochemistry, glycobiology, and related areas such as biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, USA.
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11
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Zhuravskaya ON, Dommes OA, Okatova OV, Panarin EF, Pavlov GM. Synthesis and Hydrodynamic Behavior of Poly(methacryloylamino galactose) Macromolecules. DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012501622030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Celi AB, Goldstein J, Rosato-Siri MV, Pinto A. Role of Globotriaosylceramide in Physiology and Pathology. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:813637. [PMID: 35372499 PMCID: PMC8967256 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.813637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
At first glance, the biological function of globoside (Gb) clusters appears to be that of glycosphingolipid (GSL) receptors for bacterial toxins that mediate host-pathogen interaction. Indeed, certain bacterial toxin families have been evolutionarily arranged so that they can enter eukaryotic cells through GSL receptors. A closer look reveals this molecular arrangement allocated on a variety of eukaryotic cell membranes, with its role revolving around physiological regulation and pathological processes. What makes Gb such a ubiquitous functional arrangement? Perhaps its peculiarity is underpinned by the molecular structure itself, the nature of Gb-bound ligands, or the intracellular trafficking unleashed by those ligands. Moreover, Gb biological conspicuousness may not lie on intrinsic properties or on its enzymatic synthesis/degradation pathways. The present review traverses these biological aspects, focusing mainly on globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), a GSL molecule present in cell membranes of distinct cell types, and proposes a wrap-up discussion with a phylogenetic view and the physiological and pathological functional alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Celi
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiopatología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Houssay”, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Goldstein
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiopatología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Houssay”, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Rosato-Siri
- Departamento de Física Médica/Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Alipio Pinto
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiopatología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Houssay”, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Alipio Pinto,
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13
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Myachin IV, Mamirgova ZZ, Stepanova EV, Zinin AI, Chizhov AO, Kononov L. Black swan in phase transfer catalysis: influence of mixing mode on the stereoselectivity of glycosylation. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V. Myachin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Zarina Z. Mamirgova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Elena V. Stepanova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboraory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexander I. Zinin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexander O. Chizhov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Leonid Kononov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Laboratory of Glycochemistry Leninsky prosp., 47 119991 Moscow RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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14
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Cui T, Man Y, Wang F, Bi S, Lin L, Xie R. Glycoenzyme Tool Development: Principles, Screening Methods, and Recent Advances
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongxiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing, Jiagsu 210023 China
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing, Jiagsu 210023 China
| | - Feifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing, Jiagsu 210023 China
| | - Shuyang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Liang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ran Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing, Jiagsu 210023 China
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15
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Raics M, Timári I, Szilágyi L, Gabius HJ, Kövér KE. Introducing 77Se NMR Spectroscopy to Analyzing Galectin -Ligand Interaction. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:105-123. [PMID: 35320522 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Their emerging nature as multifunctional effectors explains the large interest to monitor glycan binding to galectins and to define bound-state conformer(s) of their ligands in solution. Basically, NMR spectroscopy facilitates respective experiments. Towards developing new and even better approaches for these purposes, extending the range of exploitable isotopes beyond 1H, 13C, and 15N offers promising perspectives. Having therefore prepared selenodigalactoside and revealed its bioactivity as galectin ligand, monitoring of its binding by 77Se NMR spectroscopy at a practical level becomes possible by setting up a 2D 1H, 77Se CPMG-HSQBMC experiment including CPMG-INEPT long-range transfer. This first step into applying 77Se as sensor for galectin binding substantiates its potential for screening relative to inhibitory potencies in compound mixtures and for achieving sophisticated epitope mapping. The documented strategic combination of synthetic carbohydrate chemistry and NMR spectroscopy prompts to envision to work with isotopically pure 77Se-containing β-galactosides and to build on the gained experience with 77Se by adding 19F as second sensor in doubly labeled glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Raics
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Timári
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Szilágyi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Katalin E Kövér
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Molecular Recognition and Interaction Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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García Caballero G, Manning JC, Gabba A, Beckwith D, FitzGerald FG, Kutzner TJ, Ludwig AK, Kaltner H, Murphy PV, Cudic M, Gabius HJ. Exploring the Galectin Network by Light and Fluorescence Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:307-338. [PMID: 35320533 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic changes of a cell's glycophenotype are increasingly interpreted as shifts in the capacity to interact with tissue (endogenous) lectins. The status of glycan branching or chain length (e.g., core 1 vs core 2 mucin-type O-glycans and polyLacNAc additions) as well as of sialylation/sulfation has been delineated to convey signals. They are "read" by galectins, for example regulating lattice formation on the membrane and cell growth. Owing to the discovery of the possibility that these effectors act in networks physiologically resulting in functional antagonism or cooperation, their detection and distribution profiling need to be expanded from an individual (single) protein to the-at best-entire family. How to work with non-cross-reactive antibodies and with the labeled tissue-derived proteins (used as probes) is exemplarily documented for chicken and human galectins including typical activity and specificity controls. This description intends to inspire the systematic (network) study of members of a lectin family and also the application of tissue proteins beyond a single lectin category in lectin histochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel García Caballero
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adele Gabba
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Donella Beckwith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Forrest G FitzGerald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Tanja J Kutzner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mare Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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17
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Davitashvili E, Burjanadze G, Koshoridze M, Koshoridze N, Tsertsvadze T, Mitskevich N, Tsintsadze O, Karazanashvili G, Solomonia R. Galactose specific lectins from prostate tissue with different pathologies: biochemical and cellular studies. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:443-450. [PMID: 34739688 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06894-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectins-galactose-specific lectins are involved in various types of cell activities, including apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, inflammation and cell transformation. Galectins are implicated in prostate malignat transformation. It is not known yet if prostate glands with different grade of pathologies are expressing different galectins and if these galectins express different effects on the cell viability. METHODS Cytosolic galactose-spesific lectin fractions from prostate tissue with different diagnosis were purified by affinity chromatography and analyzed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulphate. The lectin effects in a source-dependent maner were studied on cell viability on peripheral lymphocytes by MTT reduction method and on apoptosis by flow cytometry method. RESULTS Affinity purified galactose-specific lectins fractions from normal and pathological tissue samples are characterized with different protein composition and they express different effects on cell viability and apoptosis. CONCLUSION The effects of cytosolic galactose-specific lectins depend on the source of lectin fraction (glandular tissue disease). We suppose that the released cytosolic galectins from prostatic high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma tissue could suppress the immune status of the host patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elene Davitashvili
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - George Burjanadze
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Marine Koshoridze
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nana Koshoridze
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tamar Tsertsvadze
- Department of Biology Chair of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nunu Mitskevich
- Department of Biology Chair of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Omar Tsintsadze
- A. Tsulukidze Urology National Center, Pathomorphology Laboratory 1st Clinical Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Revaz Solomonia
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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18
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19
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Gabius HJ, Cudic M, Diercks T, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, Mayo KH, Murphy PV, Oscarson S, Roy R, Schedlbauer A, Toegel S, Romero A. What is the Sugar Code? Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100327. [PMID: 34496130 PMCID: PMC8901795 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A code is defined by the nature of the symbols, which are used to generate information‐storing combinations (e. g. oligo‐ and polymers). Like nucleic acids and proteins, oligo‐ and polysaccharides are ubiquitous, and they are a biochemical platform for establishing molecular messages. Of note, the letters of the sugar code system (third alphabet of life) excel in coding capacity by making an unsurpassed versatility for isomer (code word) formation possible by variability in anomery and linkage position of the glycosidic bond, ring size and branching. The enzymatic machinery for glycan biosynthesis (writers) realizes this enormous potential for building a large vocabulary. It includes possibilities for dynamic editing/erasing as known from nucleic acids and proteins. Matching the glycome diversity, a large panel of sugar receptors (lectins) has developed based on more than a dozen folds. Lectins ‘read’ the glycan‐encoded information. Hydrogen/coordination bonding and ionic pairing together with stacking and C−H/π‐interactions as well as modes of spatial glycan presentation underlie the selectivity and specificity of glycan‐lectin recognition. Modular design of lectins together with glycan display and the nature of the cognate glycoconjugate account for the large number of post‐binding events. They give an entry to the glycan vocabulary its functional, often context‐dependent meaning(s), hereby building the dictionary of the sugar code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Maré Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida, 33431, USA
| | - Tammo Diercks
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801 A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paul V Murphy
- CÚRAM - SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices and the, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - René Roy
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 888, Succ. Centre-Ville Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Andreas Schedlbauer
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801 A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Romero
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, CIB Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Glycans in autophagy, endocytosis and lysosomal functions. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:625-647. [PMID: 34390447 PMCID: PMC8497297 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycans have been shown to function as versatile molecular signals in cells. This prompted us to look at their roles in endocytosis, endolysosomal system and autophagy. We start by introducing the cell biological aspects of these pathways, the concept of the sugar code, and provide an overview on the role of glycans in the targeting of lysosomal proteins and in lysosomal functions. Moreover, we review evidence on the regulation of endocytosis and autophagy by glycans. Finally, we discuss the emerging concept that cytosolic exposure of luminal glycans, and their detection by endogenous lectins, provides a mechanism for the surveillance of the integrity of the endolysosomal compartments, and serves their eventual repair or disposal.
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21
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Schaapkens X, Bobylev EO, Reek JNH, Mooibroek TJ. A [Pd 2L 4] 4+ cage complex for n-octyl-β-d-glycoside recognition. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:4734-4738. [PMID: 32608444 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01081b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cage complex [Pd294]4+ (3') binds n-octyl glycosides in DCM/DMSO (9 : 1) solution with Ka ≈ 51 M-1 for n-Oct-β-d-Glc and Ka ≈ 29 M-1 for n-Oct-β-d-Gal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xander Schaapkens
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Eduard O Bobylev
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tiddo J Mooibroek
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mousavifar L, Abdullayev S, Roy R. Recent Development in the Design of Neoglycoliposomes Bearing Arborescent Architectures. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144281. [PMID: 34299556 PMCID: PMC8303545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This brief review highlights systematic progress in the design of synthetic glycolipid (neoglycolipids) analogs evolving from the conventional architectures of natural glycosphingolipids and gangliosides. Given that naturally occurring glycolipids are composed of only one hydrophilic sugar head-group and two hydrophobic lipid tails embedded in the lipid bilayers of the cell membranes, they usually require extraneous lipids (phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol) to confer their stability. In order to obviate the necessity for these additional stabilizing ingredients, recent investigations have merged dendrimer chemistry with that of neoglycolipid syntheses. This singular approach has provided novel glycoarchitectures allowing reconsidering the necessity for the traditional one to two hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio. An emphasis has been provided in the recent design of modular arborescent neoglycolipid syntheses coined glycodendrimersomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - René Roy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-987-3000 (ext. 2546)
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23
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Heiss TK, Dorn RS, Prescher JA. Bioorthogonal Reactions of Triarylphosphines and Related Analogues. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6802-6849. [PMID: 34101453 PMCID: PMC10064493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal phosphines were introduced in the context of the Staudinger ligation over 20 years ago. Since that time, phosphine probes have been used in myriad applications to tag azide-functionalized biomolecules. The Staudinger ligation also paved the way for the development of other phosphorus-based chemistries, many of which are widely employed in biological experiments. Several reviews have highlighted early achievements in the design and application of bioorthogonal phosphines. This review summarizes more recent advances in the field. We discuss innovations in classic Staudinger-like transformations that have enabled new biological pursuits. We also highlight relative newcomers to the bioorthogonal stage, including the cyclopropenone-phosphine ligation and the phospha-Michael reaction. The review concludes with chemoselective reactions involving phosphite and phosphonite ligations. For each transformation, we describe the overall mechanism and scope. We also showcase efforts to fine-tune the reagents for specific functions. We further describe recent applications of the chemistries in biological settings. Collectively, these examples underscore the versatility and breadth of bioorthogonal phosphine reagents.
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24
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Imitating evolution's tinkering by protein engineering reveals extension of human galectin-7 activity. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:253-272. [PMID: 34152508 PMCID: PMC8460509 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02004-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wild-type lectins have distinct types of modular design. As a step to explain the physiological importance of their special status, hypothesis-driven protein engineering is used to generate variants. Concerning adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins, non-covalently associated homodimers are commonly encountered in vertebrates. The homodimeric galectin-7 (Gal-7) is a multifunctional context-dependent modulator. Since the possibility of conversion from the homodimer to hybrids with other galectin domains, i.e. from Gal-1 and Gal-3, has recently been discovered, we designed Gal-7-based constructs, i.e. stable (covalently linked) homo- and heterodimers. They were produced and purified by affinity chromatography, and the sugar-binding activity of each lectin unit proven by calorimetry. Inspection of profiles of binding of labeled galectins to an array-like platform with various cell types, i.e. sections of murine epididymis and jejunum, and impact on neuroblastoma cell proliferation revealed no major difference between natural and artificial (stable) homodimers. When analyzing heterodimers, acquisition of altered properties was seen. Remarkably, binding properties and activity as effector can depend on the order of arrangement of lectin domains (from N- to C-termini) and on the linker length. After dissociation of the homodimer, the Gal-7 domain can build new functionally active hybrids with other partners. This study provides a clear direction for research on defining the full range of Gal-7 functionality and offers the perspective of testing applications for engineered heterodimers.
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25
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Schaapkens X, Holdener JH, Tolboom J, Bobylev EO, Reek JNH, Mooibroek TJ. An Octa-Urea [Pd 2 L 4 ] 4+ Cage that Selectively Binds to n-octyl-α-D-Mannoside. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1187-1192. [PMID: 33878234 PMCID: PMC8252426 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Designing compounds for the selective molecular recognition of carbohydrates is a challenging task for supramolecular chemists. Macrocyclic compounds that incorporate isophtalamide or bisurea spacers linking two aromatic moieties have proven effective for the selective recognition of all-equatorial carbohydrates. Here, we explore the molecular recognition properties of an octa-urea [Pd2 L4 ]4+ cage complex (4). It was found that small anions like NO3- and BF4- bind inside 4 and inhibit binding of n-octyl glycosides. When the large non-coordinating anion 'BArF ' was used, 4 showed excellent selectivity towards n-octyl-α-D-Mannoside with binding in the order of Ka ≈16 M-1 versus non-measurable affinities for other glycosides including n-octyl-β-D-Glucoside (in CH3 CN/H2 O 91 : 9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xander Schaapkens
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joël H. Holdener
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jens Tolboom
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eduard O. Bobylev
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tiddo J. Mooibroek
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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26
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Habermann FA, Kaltner H, Higuero AM, García Caballero G, Ludwig AK, C. Manning J, Abad-Rodríguez J, Gabius HJ. What Cyto- and Histochemistry Can Do to Crack the Sugar Code. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2021; 54:31-48. [PMID: 34012175 PMCID: PMC8116616 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.21-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As letters form the vocabulary of a language, biochemical 'symbols' (the building blocks of oligo- and polymers) make writing molecular messages possible. Compared to nucleotides and amino acids, sugars have chemical properties that facilitate to reach an unsurpassed level of oligomer diversity. These glycans are a part of the ubiquitous cellular glycoconjugates. Cyto- and histochemically, the glycans' structural complexity is mapped by glycophenotyping of cells and tissues using receptors ('readers', thus called lectins), hereby revealing its dynamic spatiotemporal regulation: these data support the concept of a sugar code. When proceeding from work with plant (haem)agglutinins as such tools to the discovery of endogenous (tissue) lectins, it became clear that a broad panel of biological meanings can indeed be derived from the sugar-based vocabulary (the natural glycome incl. post-synthetic modifications) by glycan-lectin recognition in situ. As consequence, the immunocyto- and histochemical analysis of lectin expression is building a solid basis for the steps toward tracking down functional correlations, for example in processes leading to cell adhesion, apoptosis, autophagy or growth regulation as well as targeted delivery of glycoproteins. Introduction of labeled tissue lectins to glycan profiling assists this endeavor by detecting counterreceptor(s) in situ. Combining these tools and their applications strategically will help to take the trip toward the following long-range aim: to compile a dictionary for the glycan vocabulary that translates each message (oligosaccharide) into its bioresponse(s), that is to crack the sugar code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix A. Habermann
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Alonso M. Higuero
- Membrane and Axonal Repair Laboratory, National Hospital for Paraplegics (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Gabriel García Caballero
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim C. Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - José Abad-Rodríguez
- Membrane and Axonal Repair Laboratory, National Hospital for Paraplegics (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Mousavifar L, Roy R. Design, Synthetic Strategies, and Therapeutic Applications of Heterofunctional Glycodendrimers. Molecules 2021; 26:2428. [PMID: 33921945 PMCID: PMC8122629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycodendrimers have attracted considerable interest in the field of dendrimer sciences owing to their plethora of implications in biomedical applications. This is primarily due to the fact that cell surfaces expose a wide range of highly diversified glycan architectures varying by the nature of the sugars, their number, and their natural multiantennary structures. This particular situation has led to cancer cell metastasis, pathogen recognition and adhesion, and immune cell communications that are implicated in vaccine development. The diverse nature and complexity of multivalent carbohydrate-protein interactions have been the impetus toward the syntheses of glycodendrimers. Since their inception in 1993, chemical strategies toward glycodendrimers have constantly evolved into highly sophisticated methodologies. This review constitutes the first part of a series of papers dedicated to the design, synthesis, and biological applications of heterofunctional glycodendrimers. Herein, we highlight the most common synthetic approaches toward these complex molecular architectures and present modern applications in nanomolecular therapeutics and synthetic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - René Roy
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterial Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada;
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Kuhaudomlarp S, Siebs E, Shanina E, Topin J, Joachim I, da Silva Figueiredo Celestino Gomes P, Varrot A, Rognan D, Rademacher C, Imberty A, Titz A. Non-Carbohydrate Glycomimetics as Inhibitors of Calcium(II)-Binding Lectins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8104-8114. [PMID: 33314528 PMCID: PMC8048816 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Because of the antimicrobial resistance crisis, lectins are considered novel drug targets. Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes LecA and LecB in the infection process. Inhibition of both lectins with carbohydrate-derived molecules can reduce biofilm formation to restore antimicrobial susceptibility. Here, we focused on non-carbohydrate inhibitors for LecA to explore new avenues for lectin inhibition. From a screening cascade we obtained one experimentally confirmed hit, a catechol, belonging to the well-known PAINS compounds. Rigorous analyses validated electron-deficient catechols as millimolar LecA inhibitors. The first co-crystal structure of a non-carbohydrate inhibitor in complex with a bacterial lectin clearly demonstrates the catechol mimicking the binding of natural glycosides with LecA. Importantly, catechol 3 is the first non-carbohydrate lectin ligand that binds bacterial and mammalian calcium(II)-binding lectins, giving rise to this fundamentally new class of glycomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eike Siebs
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH)Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of ChemistrySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF)Hannover-BraunschweigGermany
| | - Elena Shanina
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces14424PotsdamGermany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryDepartment of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität Berlin14195BerlinGermany
| | - Jérémie Topin
- Université Grenoble AlpesCNRSCERMAV38000GrenobleFrance
- Institute of Chemistry-NiceUMR 7272 CNRSUniversité Côte d'Azur06108NiceFrance
| | - Ines Joachim
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH)Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of ChemistrySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF)Hannover-BraunschweigGermany
| | | | | | - Didier Rognan
- Laboratoire d'Innovation ThérapeutiqueUMR 7200 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg67400IllkirchFrance
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces14424PotsdamGermany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryDepartment of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität Berlin14195BerlinGermany
| | - Anne Imberty
- Université Grenoble AlpesCNRSCERMAV38000GrenobleFrance
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH)Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of ChemistrySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF)Hannover-BraunschweigGermany
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29
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Kuhaudomlarp S, Siebs E, Shanina E, Topin J, Joachim I, Silva Figueiredo Celestino Gomes P, Varrot A, Rognan D, Rademacher C, Imberty A, Titz A. Non‐Carbohydrate Glycomimetics as Inhibitors of Calcium(II)‐Binding Lectins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eike Siebs
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH) Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Department of Chemistry Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | - Elena Shanina
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy Freie Universität Berlin 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jérémie Topin
- Université Grenoble Alpes CNRS CERMAV 38000 Grenoble France
- Institute of Chemistry-Nice UMR 7272 CNRS Université Côte d'Azur 06108 Nice France
| | - Ines Joachim
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH) Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Department of Chemistry Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | | | | | - Didier Rognan
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique UMR 7200 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 67400 Illkirch France
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy Freie Universität Berlin 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Anne Imberty
- Université Grenoble Alpes CNRS CERMAV 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH) Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Department of Chemistry Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
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30
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Zhao L, Ma Z, Yin J, Shi G, Ding Z. Biological strategies for oligo/polysaccharide synthesis: biocatalyst and microbial cell factory. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117695. [PMID: 33593568 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides constitute the principal components of carbohydrates, which are important biomacromolecules that demonstrate considerable bioactivities. However, the variety and structural complexity of oligo/polysaccharides represent a major challenge for biological and structural explorations. To access structurally defined oligo/polysaccharides, biological strategies using glycoenzyme biocatalysts have shown remarkable synthetic potential attributed to their regioselectivity and stereoselectivity that allow mild, structurally controlled reaction without addition of protecting groups necessary in chemical strategies. This review summarizes recent biotechnological approaches of oligo/polysaccharide synthesis, which mainly includes in vitro enzymatic synthesis and cell factory synthesis. We have discussed the important factors involved in the production of nucleotide sugars. Furthermore, the strategies established in the cell factory and enzymatic syntheses are summarized, and we have highlighted concepts like metabolic flux rebuilding and regulation, enzyme engineering, and route design as important strategies. The research challenges and prospects are also outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Zhongbao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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31
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Belkhadem K, Cao Y, Roy R. Synthesis of Galectin Inhibitors by Regioselective 3'- O-Sulfation of Vanillin Lactosides Obtained under Phase Transfer Catalysis. Molecules 2020; 26:E115. [PMID: 33383774 PMCID: PMC7795656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanillin-based lactoside derivatives were synthetized using phase-transfer catalyzed reactions from per-O-acetylated lactosyl bromide. The aldehyde group of the vanillin moiety was then modified to generate a series of related analogs having variable functionalities in the para- position of the aromatic residue. The corresponding unprotected lactosides, obtained by Zemplén transesterification, were regioselectively 3'-O-sulfated using tin chemistry activation followed by treatment with sulfur trioxide-trimethylamine complex (Men3N-SO3). Additional derivatives were also prepared from the vanillin's aldehyde using a Knoevenagel reaction to provide extended α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid which was next reduced to the saturated counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Belkhadem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (K.B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yihong Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (K.B.); (Y.C.)
| | - René Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (K.B.); (Y.C.)
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
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32
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Fuchs S, Ernst AU, Wang LH, Shariati K, Wang X, Liu Q, Ma M. Hydrogels in Emerging Technologies for Type 1 Diabetes. Chem Rev 2020; 121:11458-11526. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fuchs
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexander U. Ernst
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Long-Hai Wang
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kaavian Shariati
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xi Wang
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qingsheng Liu
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Minglin Ma
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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33
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Martínez JD, Manzano AI, Calviño E, Diego AD, Rodriguez de Francisco B, Romanò C, Oscarson S, Millet O, Gabius HJ, Jiménez-Barbero J, Cañada FJ. Fluorinated Carbohydrates as Lectin Ligands: Simultaneous Screening of a Monosaccharide Library and Chemical Mapping by 19F NMR Spectroscopy. J Org Chem 2020; 85:16072-16081. [PMID: 33258593 PMCID: PMC7773211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular recognition of carbohydrates is a key step in essential biological processes. Carbohydrate receptors can distinguish monosaccharides even if they only differ in a single aspect of the orientation of the hydroxyl groups or harbor subtle chemical modifications. Hydroxyl-by-fluorine substitution has proven its merits for chemically mapping the importance of hydroxyl groups in carbohydrate-receptor interactions. 19F NMR spectroscopy could thus be adapted to allow contact mapping together with screening in compound mixtures. Using a library of fluorinated glucose (Glc), mannose (Man), and galactose (Gal) derived by systematically exchanging every hydroxyl group by a fluorine atom, we developed a strategy combining chemical mapping and 19F NMR T2 filtering-based screening. By testing this strategy on the proof-of-principle level with a library of 13 fluorinated monosaccharides to a set of three carbohydrate receptors of diverse origin, i.e. the human macrophage galactose-type lectin, a plant lectin, Pisum sativum agglutinin, and the bacterial Gal-/Glc-binding protein from Escherichia coli, it became possible to simultaneously define their monosaccharide selectivity and identify the essential hydroxyls for interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Daniel Martínez
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ana I. Manzano
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Calviño
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana de Diego
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cecilia Romanò
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Oscar Millet
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute
of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV-EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Cañada
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias
(CIBERES), Avda Monforte
de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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34
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Malik A, Seeberger PH, Varón Silva D. Advances in the Chemical Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Glycoconjugates. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 175:201-230. [PMID: 33188456 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are functional and structural biomolecules with structures ranging from monosaccharides to polysaccharides. They are naturally found as pure glycans or attached to lipids and proteins forming glycoconjugates. The biosynthesis of carbohydrates is not genetically controlled. The regulation takes place by the expression of enzymes that transfer and hydrolyze the glycan units, leading to glycocojugates having complex mixtures of glycan structures. Chemical synthesis emerged as the best strategy to obtain defined glycan and glycoconjugates and overcome the challenging purification processes. Here, we review the recent advances in the synthesis of oligosaccharides using manual and automated methods. The chapter covers the methods for the preparation of building blocks and control of stereoselectivity and regioselectivity during glycosylations. Finally, it also presents the strategies to obtain natural and non-natural glycoconjugates with lipids and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Malik
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems, Potsdam, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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35
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Li X, Zhao Y. Synthetic glycosidases for the precise hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Chem Sci 2020; 12:374-383. [PMID: 34163603 PMCID: PMC8178952 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05338d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosidases are an important class of enzymes for performing the selective hydrolysis of glycans. Although glycans can be hydrolyzed in principle by acidic water, hydrolysis with high selectivity using nonenzymatic catalysts is an unachieved goal. Molecular imprinting in cross-linked micelles afforded water-soluble polymeric nanoparticles with a sugar-binding boroxole in the imprinted site. Post-modification installed an acidic group near the oxygen of the targeted glycosidic bond, with the acidity and distance of the acid varied systematically. The resulting synthetic glycosidase hydrolyzed oligosaccharides and polysaccharides in a highly controlled fashion simply in hot water. These catalysts not only broke down amylose with similar selectivities to those of natural enzymes, but they also could be designed to possess selectivity not available with biocatalysts. Substrate selectivity was mainly determined by the sugar residues bound within the active site, including their spatial orientations. Separation of the product was accomplished through in situ dialysis, and the catalysts left behind could be used multiple times with no signs of degradation. This work illustrates a general method to construct synthetic glycosidases from readily available building blocks via self-assembly, covalent capture, and post-modification. In addition, controlled, precise, one-step hydrolysis is an attractive way to prepare complex glycans from naturally available carbohydrate sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011-3111 USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011-3111 USA
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36
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Melavanki R, Sharma K, Yallur BC, Kusanur R, Sadasivuni KK, Singh D, Mane S, Katagi K, Pattar SV. Understanding the binding interaction between phenyl boronic acid P1 and sugars: determination of association and dissociation constants using S-V plots, steady-state spectroscopic methods and molecular docking. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 36:163-168. [PMID: 32790047 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of glucose and sugar sensing plays a vital role in diabetes control. The drawbacks of the present enzyme-based sugar sensors have encouraged the investigation into alternate approaches to design new sensors. The popularity of fluorescence sensors is due to their ability to bind reversibly to compounds containing diol. In this study we investigated the binding ability of phenyl boronic acid P1 for monosaccharides and disaccharides (sugars) in aqueous medium at physiological pH 7.4 using steady-state fluorescence and absorbance. P1 fluorescence was quenched due to formation of esters with sugars. Absorbance and fluorescence measurements led to results that indicated that the sugars studied could be ordered in terms of their affinity to P1, as stated: sucrose > lactose > galactose > xylose > ribose > arabinose. In each case, the slope of modified Stern-Volmer plots was nearly 1, indicating the presence of only a single binding site in boronic acids for sugars. Docking studies were carried out using Schrodinger Maestro v.11.2 software. The binding affinity of phenyl boronic acid P1 with periplasmic protein (PDB ID 2IPM and 2IPL) was estimated using GlideScore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveendra Melavanki
- Department of Physics, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalpana Sharma
- Department of Physics, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Basappa Chanabasapa Yallur
- Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.,Department of Chemistry, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Raviraj Kusanur
- Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.,Department of Chemistry, R V College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Diksha Singh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Smita Mane
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad, India
| | - Kariyappa Katagi
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad, India
| | - Shridhar V Pattar
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnataka University Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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37
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Moffett S, Shiao TC, Mousavifar L, Mignani S, Roy R. Aberrant glycosylation patterns on cancer cells: Therapeutic opportunities for glycodendrimers/metallodendrimers oncology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1659. [PMID: 32776710 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite exciting discoveries and progresses in drug design against cancer, its cure is still rather elusive and remains one of the humanities major challenges in health care. The safety profiles of common small molecule anti-cancer therapeutics are less than at acceptable levels and limiting deleterious side-effects have to be urgently addressed. This is mainly caused by their incapacity to differentiate healthy cells from cancer cells; hence, the use of high dosage becomes necessary. One possible solution to improve the therapeutic windows of anti-cancer agents undoubtedly resides in modern nanotechnology. This review presents a discussion concerning multivalent carbohydrate-protein interactions as this topic pertains to the fundamental aspects that lead glycoscientists to tackle glyconanoparticles. The second section describes the detailed properties of cancer cells and how their aberrant glycan surfaces differ from those of healthy cells. The third section briefly describes the immune systems, both innate and adaptative, because the numerous displays of cell surface protein receptors necessitate to be addressed from the multivalent angles, a strength full characteristic of nanoparticles. The next chapter presents recent advances in glyconanotechnologies, including glycodendrimers in particular, as they apply to glycobiology and carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines. This was followed by an overview of metallodendrimers and how this rapidly evolving field may contribute to our arsenal of therapeutic tools to fight cancer. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - René Roy
- Glycovax Pharma Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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38
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New Therapeutic Strategies for Osteoarthritis by Targeting Sialic Acid Receptors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040637. [PMID: 32326143 PMCID: PMC7226619 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation and joint degeneration. The articular cartilage is mainly formed by chondrocytes and a collagen-proteoglycan extracellular matrix that contains high levels of glycosylated proteins. It was reported that the shift from glycoproteins containing α-2,6-linked sialic acids to those that contain α-2,3 was associated with the onset of common types of arthritis. However, the pathophysiology of α-2,3-sialylation in cartilage has not been yet elucidated. We show that cartilage from osteoarthritic patients expresses high levels of the α-2,3-sialylated transmembrane mucin receptor, known as podoplanin (PDPN). Additionally, the Maackia amurensis seed lectin (MASL), that can be utilized to target PDPN, attenuates the inflammatory response mediated by NF-kB activation in primary chondrocytes and protects human cartilage breakdown ex vivo and in an animal model of arthritis. These findings reveal that specific lectins targeting α-2,3-sialylated receptors on chondrocytes might effectively inhibit cartilage breakdown. We also present a computational 3D molecular model for this interaction. These findings provide mechanistic information on how a specific lectin could be used as a novel therapy to treat degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis.
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39
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Bachmann T, Schnurr C, Zainer L, Rychlik M. Chemical synthesis of 5'-β-glycoconjugates of vitamin B 6. Carbohydr Res 2020; 489:107940. [PMID: 32062177 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Various 5'-β-saccharides of pyridoxine, namely the mannoside, galactoside, arabinoside, maltoside, cellobioside and glucuronide, were synthesized chemically according to Koenigs-Knorr conditions using α4,3-O-isopropylidene pyridoxine and the respective acetobromo glycosyl donors with AgOTf (3.0 eq.) and NIS (3.0 eq.) as promoters at 0 °C. Furthermore, 5'-β-[13C6]-labeled pyridoxine glucoside (PNG) was prepared starting from [13C6]-glucose and pyridoxine. Additionally, two strategies were examined for the synthesis of 5'-β-pyridoxal glucoside (PLG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bachmann
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Christian Schnurr
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Laura Zainer
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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40
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Tromans RA, Samanta SK, Chapman AM, Davis AP. Selective glucose sensing in complex media using a biomimetic receptor. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3223-3227. [PMID: 34122828 PMCID: PMC8157503 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05406e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is a key biomedical analyte, especially relevant to the management of diabetes. Current methods for glucose determination rely on the enzyme glucose oxidase, requiring specialist instrumentation and suffering from redox-active interferents. In a new approach, a powerful and highly selective achiral glucose receptor is mixed with a sample, l-glucose is added, and the induced CD spectrum is measured. The CD signal results from competition between the enantiomers, and is used to determine the d-glucose content. The involvement of l-glucose doubles the signal range from the CD spectrometer and allows sensitivity to be adjusted over a wide dynamic range. It also negates medium effects, which must be equal for both enantiomers. The method has been demonstrated with human serum, pre-filtered to remove proteins, giving results which closely match the standard biochemical procedures, as well as a cell culture medium and a beer sample containing high (70 mM) and low (0.4 mM) glucose concentrations respectively. A highly selective receptor, circular dichroism and chiral competition are combined in this versatile method for d-glucose analysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Tromans
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Soumen K Samanta
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Andy M Chapman
- Carbometrics Ltd., Unit DX St Philips Central, Albert Road Bristol BS2 0XJ UK
| | - Anthony P Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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41
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Eckardt V, Miller MC, Blanchet X, Duan R, Leberzammer J, Duchene J, Soehnlein O, Megens RT, Ludwig AK, Dregni A, Faussner A, Wichapong K, Ippel H, Dijkgraaf I, Kaltner H, Döring Y, Bidzhekov K, Hackeng TM, Weber C, Gabius HJ, von Hundelshausen P, Mayo KH. Chemokines and galectins form heterodimers to modulate inflammation. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e47852. [PMID: 32080959 PMCID: PMC7132340 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and galectins are simultaneously upregulated and mediate leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Until now, these effector molecules have been considered to function independently. Here, we tested the hypothesis that they form molecular hybrids. By systematically screening chemokines for their ability to bind galectin‐1 and galectin‐3, we identified several interacting pairs, such as CXCL12 and galectin‐3. Based on NMR and MD studies of the CXCL12/galectin‐3 heterodimer, we identified contact sites between CXCL12 β‐strand 1 and Gal‐3 F‐face residues. Mutagenesis of galectin‐3 residues involved in heterodimer formation resulted in reduced binding to CXCL12, enabling testing of functional activity comparatively. Galectin‐3, but not its mutants, inhibited CXCL12‐induced chemotaxis of leukocytes and their recruitment into the mouse peritoneum. Moreover, galectin‐3 attenuated CXCL12‐stimulated signaling via its receptor CXCR4 in a ternary complex with the chemokine and receptor, consistent with our structural model. This first report of heterodimerization between chemokines and galectins reveals a new type of interaction between inflammatory mediators that can underlie a novel immunoregulatory mechanism in inflammation. Thus, further exploration of the chemokine/galectin interactome is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Eckardt
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Health Sciences Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xavier Blanchet
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rundan Duan
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Leberzammer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Duchene
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Remco Ta Megens
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Aurelio Dregni
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Health Sciences Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Faussner
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kanin Wichapong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Ippel
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Dijkgraaf
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kiril Bidzhekov
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Health Sciences Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Campanero-Rhodes MA, Palma AS, Menéndez M, Solís D. Microarray Strategies for Exploring Bacterial Surface Glycans and Their Interactions With Glycan-Binding Proteins. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2909. [PMID: 32010066 PMCID: PMC6972965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial surfaces are decorated with distinct carbohydrate structures that may substantially differ among species and strains. These structures can be recognized by a variety of glycan-binding proteins, playing an important role in the bacteria cross-talk with the host and invading bacteriophages, and also in the formation of bacterial microcolonies and biofilms. In recent years, different microarray approaches for exploring bacterial surface glycans and their recognition by proteins have been developed. A main advantage of the microarray format is the inherent miniaturization of the method, which allows sensitive and high-throughput analyses with very small amounts of sample. Antibody and lectin microarrays have been used for examining bacterial glycosignatures, enabling bacteria identification and differentiation among strains. In addition, microarrays incorporating bacterial carbohydrate structures have served to evaluate their recognition by diverse host/phage/bacterial glycan-binding proteins, such as lectins, effectors of the immune system, or bacterial and phagic cell wall lysins, and to identify antigenic determinants for vaccine development. The list of samples printed in the arrays includes polysaccharides, lipopoly/lipooligosaccharides, (lipo)teichoic acids, and peptidoglycans, as well as sequence-defined oligosaccharide fragments. Moreover, microarrays of cell wall fragments and entire bacterial cells have been developed, which also allow to study bacterial glycosylation patterns. In this review, examples of the different microarray platforms and applications are presented with a view to give the current state-of-the-art and future prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Asunción Campanero-Rhodes
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angelina Sa Palma
- UCIBIO, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarita Menéndez
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Solís
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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43
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García Caballero G, Kaltner H, Kutzner TJ, Ludwig AK, Manning JC, Schmidt S, Sinowatz F, Gabius HJ. How galectins have become multifunctional proteins. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:509-539. [PMID: 31922250 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Having identified glycans of cellular glycoconjugates as versatile molecular messages, their recognition by sugar receptors (lectins) is a fundamental mechanism within the flow of biological information. This type of molecular interplay is increasingly revealed to be involved in a wide range of (patho)physiological processes. To do so, it is a vital prerequisite that a lectin (and its expression) can develop more than a single skill, that is the general ability to bind glycans. By studying the example of vertebrate galectins as a model, a total of five relevant characteristics is disclosed: i) access to intra- and extracellular sites, ii) fine-tuned gene regulation (with evidence for co-regulation of counterreceptors) including the existence of variants due to alternative splicing or single nucleotide polymorphisms, iii) specificity to distinct glycans from the glycome with different molecular meaning, iv) binding capacity also to peptide motifs at different sites on the protein and v) diversity of modular architecture. They combine to endow these lectins with the capacity to serve as multi-purpose tools. Underscoring the arising broad-scale significance of tissue lectins, their numbers in terms of known families and group members have steadily grown by respective research that therefore unveiled a well-stocked toolbox. The generation of a network of (ga)lectins by evolutionary diversification affords the opportunity for additive/synergistic or antagonistic interplay in situ, an emerging aspect of (ga)lectin functionality. It warrants close scrutiny. The realization of the enormous potential of combinatorial permutations using the five listed features gives further efforts to understand the rules of functional glycomics/lectinomics a clear direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel García Caballero
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja J Kutzner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Burygin GL, Abronina PI, Podvalnyy NM, Staroverov SA, Kononov LO, Dykman LA. Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:480-493. [PMID: 32274287 PMCID: PMC7113550 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of bacterial glycans are specific markers for the detection and the serological identification of microorganisms and are also widely used as antigenic components of vaccines. The use of gold nanoparticles as carriers for glyco-epitopes is becoming an important alternative to the traditional conjugation with proteins and synthetic polymers. In this study, we aimed to prepare and evaluate in vivo glyco-gold nanoparticles (glyco-GNPs) bearing the terminal-branched hexaarabinofuranoside fragment (Ara6) of arabinan domains of lipoarabinomannan and arabinogalactan, which are principal polysaccharides of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. In particular, we were interested whether the antibodies generated against Ara6-GNPs would recognize the natural saccharides on the cell surface of different mycobacterial strains. Two synthetic Ara6 glycosides with amino-functionalized spacer aglycons differing in length and hydrophilicity were directly conjugated with spherical gold nanoparticles (d = 15 nm) to give two sets of glyco-GNPs, which were used for the immunization of rabbits. Dot assays revealed cross-reactions between the two obtained antisera with the hexaarabinofuranoside and the 2-aminoethyl aglycon used for the preparation of glyco-GNPs. Both antisera contained high titers of antibodies specific for Mycobacteria as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using M. bovis and M. smegmatis cells as antigens while there was only a weak response to M. phlei cells and no interaction with E. coli cells. The results obtained suggest that glyco-GNPs are promising agents for the generation of anti-mycobacterial antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady L Burygin
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, Saratov, 410049, Russia
- Department of Horticulture, Breeding, and Genetics, Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, Teatralnaya Ploshchad 1, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Polina I Abronina
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Nikita M Podvalnyy
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey A Staroverov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, Saratov, 410049, Russia
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutsky per. 9, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Lev A Dykman
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, Saratov, 410049, Russia
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45
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Abstract
Binding saccharides with non-covalent interactions is challenging, especially in the natural medium of water, but synthetic carbohydrate receptors can be surprisingly effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P. Davis
- School of Chemistry
- University of Bristol
- Cantock's Close
- Bristol BS8 1TS
- UK
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46
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47
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Vacchini M, Edwards R, Guizzardi R, Palmioli A, Ciaramelli C, Paiotta A, Airoldi C, La Ferla B, Cipolla L. Glycan Carriers As Glycotools for Medicinal Chemistry Applications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6349-6398. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190104164653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are one of the most powerful and versatile classes of biomolecules that nature
uses to regulate organisms’ biochemistry, modulating plenty of signaling events within cells, triggering
a plethora of physiological and pathological cellular behaviors. In this framework, glycan carrier
systems or carbohydrate-decorated materials constitute interesting and relevant tools for medicinal
chemistry applications. In the last few decades, efforts have been focused, among others, on the development
of multivalent glycoconjugates, biosensors, glycoarrays, carbohydrate-decorated biomaterials
for regenerative medicine, and glyconanoparticles. This review aims to provide the reader with a general
overview of the different carbohydrate carrier systems that have been developed as tools in different
medicinal chemistry approaches relying on carbohydrate-protein interactions. Given the extent of
this topic, the present review will focus on selected examples that highlight the advancements and potentialities
offered by this specific area of research, rather than being an exhaustive literature survey of
any specific glyco-functionalized system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Vacchini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Rana Edwards
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Guizzardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmioli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Carlotta Ciaramelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Paiotta
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara La Ferla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Cipolla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
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Kutzner TJ, Higuero AM, Süßmair M, Kopitz J, Hingar M, Díez-Revuelta N, Caballero GG, Kaltner H, Lindner I, Abad-Rodríguez J, Reusch D, Gabius HJ. How presence of a signal peptide affects human galectins-1 and -4: Clues to explain common absence of a leader sequence among adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129449. [PMID: 31678146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectins are multifunctional effectors, which all share absence of a signal sequence. It is not clear why galectins belong to the small set of proteins, which avoid the classical export route. METHODS Products of recombinant galectin expression in P. pastoris were analyzed by haemagglutination, gel filtration and electrophoresis and lectin blotting as well as mass spectrometry on the level of tryptic peptides and purified glycopeptides(s). Density gradient centrifugation and confocal laser scanning microscopy facilitated localization in transfected human and rat cells, proliferation assays determined activity as growth mediator. RESULTS Directing galectin-1 to the classical secretory pathway in yeast produces N-glycosylated protein that is active. It cofractionates and -localizes with calnexin in human cells, only Gal-4 is secreted. Presence of N-glycan(s) reduces affinity of cell binding and growth regulation by Gal-1. CONCLUSIONS Folding and activity of a galectin are maintained in signal-peptide-directed routing, N-glycosylation occurs. This pathway would deplete cytoplasm and nucleus of galectin, presence of N-glycans appears to interfere with lattice formation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Availability of glycosylated galectins facilitates functional assays to contribute to explain why galectins invariably avoid classical routing for export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja J Kutzner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Alonso M Higuero
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Martina Süßmair
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82777 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hingar
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82777 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Díez-Revuelta
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Gabriel García Caballero
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Lindner
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82777 Penzberg, Germany
| | - José Abad-Rodríguez
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82777 Penzberg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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49
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The sugar code: letters and vocabulary, writers, editors and readers and biosignificance of functional glycan-lectin pairing. Biochem J 2019; 476:2623-2655. [PMID: 31551311 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitous occurrence in Nature, abundant presence at strategically important places such as the cell surface and dynamic shifts in their profile by diverse molecular switches qualifies the glycans to serve as versatile biochemical signals. However, their exceptional structural complexity often prevents one noting how simple the rules of objective-driven assembly of glycan-encoded messages are. This review is intended to provide a tutorial for a broad readership. The principles of why carbohydrates meet all demands to be the coding section of an information transfer system, and this at unsurpassed high density, are explained. Despite appearing to be a random assortment of sugars and their substitutions, seemingly subtle structural variations in glycan chains by a sophisticated enzymatic machinery have emerged to account for their specific biological meaning. Acting as 'readers' of glycan-encoded information, carbohydrate-specific receptors (lectins) are a means to turn the glycans' potential to serve as signals into a multitude of (patho)physiologically relevant responses. Once the far-reaching significance of this type of functional pairing has become clear, the various modes of spatial presentation of glycans and of carbohydrate recognition domains in lectins can be explored and rationalized. These discoveries are continuously revealing the intricacies of mutually adaptable routes to achieve essential selectivity and specificity. Equipped with these insights, readers will gain a fundamental understanding why carbohydrates form the third alphabet of life, joining the ranks of nucleotides and amino acids, and will also become aware of the importance of cellular communication via glycan-lectin recognition.
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50
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Kutzner TJ, Gabba A, FitzGerald FG, Shilova NV, García Caballero G, Ludwig AK, Manning JC, Knospe C, Kaltner H, Sinowatz F, Murphy PV, Cudic M, Bovin NV, Gabius HJ. How altering the modular architecture affects aspects of lectin activity: case study on human galectin-1. Glycobiology 2019; 29:593-607. [PMID: 31091305 PMCID: PMC6639544 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Discoveries on involvement of glycan-protein recognition in many (patho)physiological processes are directing attention to exploring the significance of a fundamental structural aspect of sugar receptors beyond glycan specificity, i.e., occurrence of distinct types of modular architecture. In order to trace clues for defining design-functionality relationships in human lectins, a lectin's structural unit has been used as source material for engineering custom-made variants of the wild-type protein. Their availability facilitates comparative analysis toward the stated aim. With adhesion/growth-regulatory human galectin-1 as example, the strategy of evaluating how changes of its design (here, from the homodimer of non-covalently associated domains to (i) linker-connected di- and tetramers and (ii) a galectin-3-like protein) affect activity is illustrated by using three assay systems of increasing degree of glycan complexity. Whereas calorimetry with two cognate disaccharides and array testing with 647 (glyco)compounds disclosed no major changes, galectin histochemical staining profiles of tissue sections that present natural glycome complexity revealed differences between wild-type and linker-connected homo-oligomers as well as between the galectin-3-like variant and wild-type galectin-3 for cell-type positivity, level of intensity at the same site and susceptibility for inhibition by a bivalent glycocompound. These results underscore the strength of the documented approach. Moreover, they give direction to proceed to (i) extending its application to other members of this lectin family, especially galectin-3 and (ii) then analyzing impact of architectural alterations on cell surface lattice formation and ensuing biosignaling systematically, considering the variants' potential for translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja J Kutzner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adele Gabba
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Forrest G FitzGerald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton FL, USA
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gabriel García Caballero
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Knospe
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mare Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton FL, USA
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Centre for Kode Technology Innovation, School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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