1
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Behzadipour Y, Hemmati S. Covalent conjugation and non-covalent complexation strategies for intracellular delivery of proteins using cell-penetrating peptides. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116910. [PMID: 38852512 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins provided new opportunities for patients and high sales volumes. However, they are formulated for extracellular targets. The lipophilic barrier of the plasma membrane renders the vast array of intracellular targets out of reach. Peptide-based delivery systems, namely cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), have few safety concerns, and low immunogenicity, with control over administered doses. This study investigates CPP-based protein delivery systems by classifying them into CPP-protein "covalent conjugation" and CPP: protein "non-covalent complexation" categories. Covalent conjugates ensure the proximity of the CPP to the cargo, which can improve cellular uptake and endosomal escape. We will discuss various aspects of covalent conjugates through non-cleavable (stable) or cleavable bonds. Non-cleavable CPP-protein conjugates are produced by recombinant DNA technology to express the complete fusion protein in a host cell or by chemical ligation of CPP and protein, which ensures stability during the delivery process. CPP-protein cleavable bonds are classified into pH-sensitive and redox-sensitive bonds, enzyme-cleavable bonds, and physical stimuli cleavable linkers (light radiation, ultrasonic waves, and thermo-responsive). We have highlighted the key characteristics of non-covalent complexes through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions to preserve the conformational integrity of the CPP and cargo. CPP-mediated protein delivery by non-covalent complexation, such as zippers, CPP adaptor methods, and avidin-biotin technology, are featured. Conclusively, non-covalent complexation methods are appropriate when a high number of CPP or protein samples are to be screened. In contrast, when the high biological activity of the protein is critical in the intracellular compartment, conjugation protocols are preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Behzadipour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Shiva Hemmati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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2
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Yi C, Xie F, Xu X, Xiao D, Zhou X, Cheng M. Guanidine-modified albumin-MMAE conjugates with enhanced endocytosis ability. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2219433. [PMID: 37434438 PMCID: PMC10339779 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2219433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming to address the insufficient endocytosis ability of traditional albumin drug conjugates, this paper reports elegant guanidine modification to improve efficacy for the first time. A series of modified albumin drug conjugates were designed and synthesized with different structures, including guanidine (GA), biguanides (BGA) and phenyl (BA), and different quantities of modifications. Then, the endocytosis ability and in vitro/vivo potency of albumin drug conjugates were systematically studied. Finally, a preferred conjugate A4 was screened, which contained 15 BGA modifications. Conjugate A4 maintains spatial stability similar to that of the unmodified conjugate AVM and could significantly enhance endocytosis ability (p*** = 0.0009) compared with the unmodified conjugate AVM. Additionally, the in vitro potency of conjugate A4 (EC50 = 71.78 nmol in SKOV3 cells) was greatly enhanced (approximately 4 times) compared with that of the unmodified conjugate AVM (EC50 = 286.00 nmol in SKOV3 cells). The in vivo efficacy of conjugate A4 completely eliminated 50% of tumors at 33 mg/kg, which was significantly better than the efficacy of conjugate AVM at the same dose (P** = 0.0026). In addition, theranostic albumin drug conjugate A8 was designed to intuitively realize drug release and maintain antitumor activity similar to conjugate A4. In summary, the guanidine modification strategy could provide new ideas for the development of new generational albumin drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Yi
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China Beijing
| | - Fei Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China Beijing
| | - Xin Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China Beijing
| | - Dian Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China Beijing
| | - Xinbo Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China Beijing
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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3
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Khairkhah N, Namvar A, Bolhassani A. Application of Cell Penetrating Peptides as a Promising Drug Carrier to Combat Viral Infections. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1387-1402. [PMID: 36719639 PMCID: PMC9888354 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel effective drugs or therapeutic vaccines have been already developed to eradicate viral infections. Some non-viral carriers have been used for effective drug delivery to a target cell or tissue. Among them, cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) attracted a special interest to enhance drug delivery into the cells with low toxicity. They were also applied to transfer peptide/protein-based and nucleic acids-based therapeutic vaccines against viral infections. CPPs-conjugated drugs or vaccines were investigated in several viral infections including poliovirus, Ebola, coronavirus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and influenza A virus. Some studies showed that the uptake of CPPs or CPPs-conjugated drugs can be performed through both non-endocytic and endocytic pathways. Despite high potential of CPPs for cargo delivery, there are some serious drawbacks such as non-tissue-specificity, instability, and suboptimal pharmacokinetics features that limit their clinical applications. At present, some solutions are utilized to improve the CPPs properties such as conjugation of CPPs with targeting moieties, the use of fusogenic lipids, generation of the proton sponge effect, etc. Up to now, no CPP or composition containing CPPs has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) due to the lack of sufficient in vivo studies on stability, immunological assays, toxicity, and endosomal escape of CPPs. In this review, we briefly describe the properties, uptake mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages, and improvement of intracellular delivery, and bioavailability of cell penetrating peptides. Moreover, we focus on their application as an effective drug carrier to combat viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Khairkhah
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Namvar
- Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Hahn KR, Kwon HJ, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Hwang IK. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 protects against ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampus. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8886-8899. [PMID: 36260875 PMCID: PMC9740370 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is a metabolic enzyme that converts 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. In the current study, we synthesized a PEP-1-PGK1 fusion protein that can cross the blood-brain barrier and cell membrane, and the effects of PEP-1-PGK1 against oxidative stress were investigated HT22 cells and ischemic gerbil brain. The PEP-1-PGK1 protein and its control protein (Con-PGK1) were treated and permeability was evaluated HT22 cells. The PEP-1-PGK1 was introduced into HT22 cells depending on its concentration and incubation time and was gradually degraded over 36 h after treatment. PEP-1-PGK1, but not Con-PGK1, significantly ameliorated H2O2-induced cell damage and reactive oxygen species formation in HT22 cells. Additionally, PEP-1-PGK1, but not Con-PGK1, mitigated ischemia-induced hyperlocomotion 1 d after ischemia and 4 d after ischemia of neuronic cell death. PEP-1-PGK1 treatment significantly alleviated the raised lactate and succinate dehydrogenase activities in the early (15 min to 6 h) and late (4 and 7 d) stages of ischemia, respectively. In addition, PEP-1-PGK1 treatment ameliorated the decrease in ATP and pH levels in the late stage (2-7 d) of ischemia. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels accelerated the ischemia-induced increase in the hippocampus 1 d after ischemia after PEP-1-PGK1 treatment. Neuroprotective and ameliorative effects were prominent at a low concentration (0.1 mg/kg), but not at a high concentration (1 mg/kg), of PEP-1-PGK1. Collectively, low concentrations of PEP-1-PGK1 prevented neuronal stress by increasing energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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5
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Zhou X, Mehta S, Zhang J. AktAR and Akt-STOPS: Genetically Encodable Molecular Tools to Visualize and Perturb Akt Kinase Activity at Different Subcellular Locations in Living Cells. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e416. [PMID: 35532280 PMCID: PMC9093046 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinase Akt integrates diverse upstream inputs to regulate cell survival, growth, metabolism, migration, and differentiation. Mounting evidence suggests that Akt activity is differentially regulated depending on its subcellular location, which can include the plasma membrane, endomembrane, and nuclear compartment. This spatial control of Akt activity is critical for achieving signaling specificity and proper physiological functions, and deregulation of compartment-specific Akt signaling is implicated in various diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Understanding the spatial coordination of the signaling network centered around this key kinase and the underlying regulatory mechanisms requires precise tracking of Akt activity at distinct subcellular compartments within its native biological contexts. To address this challenge, new molecular tools are being developed, enabling us to directly interrogate the spatiotemporal regulation of Akt in living cells. These include, for instance, the newly developed genetically encodable fluorescent-protein-based Akt kinase activity reporter (AktAR2), which serves as a substrate surrogate of Akt kinase and translates Akt-specific phosphorylation into a quantifiable change in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). In addition, we developed the Akt substrate tandem occupancy peptide sponge (Akt-STOPS), which allows biochemical perturbation of subcellular Akt activity. Both molecular tools can be readily targeted to distinct subcellular localizations. Here, we describe a workflow to study Akt kinase activity at different subcellular locations in living cells. We provide a protocol for using genetically targeted AktAR2 and Akt-STOPS, along with fluorescence imaging in living NIH3T3 cells, to visualize and perturb, respectively, the activity of endogenous Akt kinase at different subcellular compartments. We further describe a protocol for using chemically inducible dimerization (CID) to control the plasma membrane-specific inhibition of Akt activity in real time. Lastly, we describe a protocol for maintaining NIH3T3 cells in culture, a cell line known to exhibit robust Akt activity. In all, this approach enables interrogation of spatiotemporal regulation and functions of Akt, as well as the intricate signaling networks in which it is embedded, at specific subcellular locations. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Visualizing and perturbing subcellular Akt kinase activity using AktAR and Akt-STOPS Basic Protocol 2: Using chemically inducible dimerization (CID) to control inhibition of Akt at the plasma membrane Support Protocol: Maintaining NIH3T3 cells in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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6
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Hu J, Li G. Recent Progress in Fluorescent Chemosensors for Protein Kinases. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200182. [PMID: 35486328 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are involved in almost all biological activities. The activities of different kinases reflect the normal or abnormal status of the human body. Therefore, detecting the activities of different kinases is important for disease diagnosis and drug discovery. Fluorescent probes offer opportunities for studying kinase behaviors at different times and spatial locations. In this review, we summarize different kinds of fluorescent chemosensors that have been used to detect the activities of many different kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Life Sciences, No.15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, 350002, Fuzhou, CHINA
| | - Gao Li
- Minjiang University, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
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7
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Mollasalehi N, Francois-Moutal L, Porciani D, Burke DH, Khanna M. Aptamers Targeting Hallmark Proteins of Neurodegeneration. Nucleic Acid Ther 2022; 32:235-250. [PMID: 35452303 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2021.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a progressive deterioration of neural structures leading to cognitive or motor impairment of the affected patient. There is still no effective therapy for any of the most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Although NDs exhibit distinct clinical characteristics, many are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins or peptide fragments in the brain and/or spinal cord. The presence of similar inclusion bodies in patients with diverse NDs provides a rationale for developing therapies directed at overlapping disease mechanisms. A novel targeting strategy involves the use of aptamers for therapeutic development. Aptamers are short nucleic acid ligands able to recognize molecular targets with high specificity and high affinity. Despite the fact that several academic groups have shown that aptamers have the potential to be used in therapeutic and diagnostic applications, their clinical translation is still limited. In this study, we describe aptamers that have been developed against proteins relevant to NDs, including prion protein and amyloid beta (Aβ), cell surface receptors and other cytoplasmic proteins. This review also describes advances in the application of these aptamers in imaging, protein detection, and protein quantification, and it provides insights about their accelerated clinical use for disease diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Mollasalehi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Liberty Francois-Moutal
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - David Porciani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,MU Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Donald H Burke
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,MU Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - May Khanna
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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8
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Wu YC, Hsu SP, Hu MC, Lan YT, Yeh ETH, Yang FM. PEP-sNASP Peptide Alleviates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury Through the TLR4/TRAF6 Axis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:832713. [PMID: 35386914 PMCID: PMC8977741 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.832713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe inflammatory lung disease associated with macrophages. Somatic nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein (sNASP) is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling that targets tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in macrophages, which is required to maintain homeostasis of the innate immune response. In the present study, we generated a cell permeable PEP-sNASP peptide using the sNASP protein N-terminal domain, and examined its potential therapeutic effect in a mouse model of ALI induced by the intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms in RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo, PEP-sNASP peptide treatment markedly ameliorated pathological injury, reduced the wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio of the lungs and the production of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). In vitro, we demonstrated that when the PEP-sNASP peptide was transduced into RAW 264.7 cells, it bound to TRAF6, which markedly decreased LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting TRAF6 autoubiquitination, nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular nitric oxide (NO) levels. Furthermore, the PEP-sNASP peptide also inhibited NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Our results therefore suggest that the PEP-sNASP may provide a potential protein therapy against oxidative stress and pulmonary inflammation via selective TRAF6 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chih Wu
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Po Hsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chun Hu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Lan
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Edward T H Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK, United States.,Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK, United States
| | - Feng-Ming Yang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Nagano Y, Arafiles JVV, Kuwata K, Kawaguchi Y, Imanishi M, Hirose H, Futaki S. Grafting Hydrophobic Amino Acids Critical for Inhibition of Protein-Protein Interactions on a Cell-Penetrating Peptide Scaffold. Mol Pharm 2021; 19:558-567. [PMID: 34958576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stapled peptides are a promising class of conformationally restricted peptides for modulating protein-protein interactions (PPIs). However, the low membrane permeability of these peptides is an obstacle to their therapeutic applications. It is common that only a few hydrophobic amino acid residues are mandatory for stapled peptides to bind to their target proteins. Hoping to create a novel class of membrane-permeable PPI inhibitors, the phenylalanine, tryptophan, and leucine residues that play a critical role in inhibiting the p53-HDM2 interaction were grafted into the framework of CADY2─a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) having a helical propensity. Two analogues (CADY-3FWL and CADY-10FWL) induced apoptotic cell death but lacked the intended HDM2 interaction. Pull-down experiments followed by proteomic analysis led to the elucidation of nesprin-2 as a candidate binding target. Nesprin-2 is considered to play a role in the nuclear translocation of β-catenin upon activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, which leads to the expression of antiapoptosis proteins and cell survival. Cells treated with the two analogues showed decreased nuclear localization of β-catenin and reduced mRNA expression of related antiapoptotic proteins. These data suggest inhibition of β-catenin nuclear translocation as a possible mode of action of the described cell-penetrating stapled peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nagano
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | | | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kawaguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Miki Imanishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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10
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Davis HC, Posey ND, Tew GN. Protein Binding and Release by Polymeric Cell-Penetrating Peptide Mimics. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:57-66. [PMID: 34879198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is significant potential in exploiting antibody specificity to develop new therapeutic treatments. However, intracellular protein delivery is a paramount challenge because of the difficulty in transporting large, polar molecules across cell membranes. Cell-penetrating peptide mimics (CPPMs) are synthetic polymers that are versatile materials for intracellular delivery of biological molecules, including nucleic acids and proteins, with superior performance compared to their natural counterparts and commercially available peptide-based reagents. Studies have demonstrated that noncovalent complexation with these synthetic carriers is necessary for the delivery of proteins, but the fundamental interactions dominating CPPM-protein complexation are not well understood. Beyond these interactions, the mechanism of release for many noncovalent carriers is not well established. Herein, interactions expected to be critical in CPPM-protein binding and unbinding were explored, including hydrogen bonding, electrostatics, and hydrophobic interactions. Despite the guanidinium-rich functionality of these polymeric carriers, hydrogen bonding was shown not to be a dominant interaction in CPPM-protein binding. Fluorescence quenching assays were used to decouple the effect of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between amphiphilic CPPMs and proteins. Furthermore, by conducting competition assays with other proteins, unbinding of protein cargoes from CPPM-protein complexes was demonstrated and provided insight into mechanisms of protein release. This work offers understanding toward the role of carrier and cargo binding and unbinding in intracellular outcomes. In turn, an improved fundamental understanding of noncovalent polymer-protein complexation will enable more effective methods for intracellular protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel C Davis
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Nicholas D Posey
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.,Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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11
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Hango CR, Backlund CM, Davis HC, Posey ND, Minter LM, Tew GN. Non-Covalent Carrier Hydrophobicity as a Universal Predictor of Intracellular Protein Activity. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2850-2863. [PMID: 34156837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, extensive optimization of polymeric cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) mimics (CPPMs) by our group has generated a substantial library of broadly effective carriers which circumvent the need for covalent conjugation often required by CPPs. In this study, design rules learned from CPPM development were applied to reverse-engineer the first library of simple amphiphilic block copolypeptides for non-covalent protein delivery, namely, poly(alanine-block-arginine), poly(phenylalanine-block-arginine), and poly(tryptophan-block-arginine). This new CPP library was screened for enhanced green fluorescent protein and Cre recombinase delivery alongside a library of CPPMs featuring equivalent side-chain configurations. Due to the added hydrophobicity imparted by the polymer backbone as compared to the polypeptide backbone, side-chain functionality was not a universal predictor of carrier performance. Rather, overall carrier hydrophobicity predicted the top performers for both internalization and activity of protein cargoes, regardless of backbone identity. Furthermore, comparison of protein uptake and function revealed carriers which facilitated high gene recombination despite remarkably low Cre internalization, leading us to formalize the concept of intracellular availability (IA) of the delivered cargo. IA, a measure of cargo activity per quantity of cargo internalized, provides valuable insight into the physical relationship between cellular internalization and bioavailability, which can be affected by bottlenecks such as endosomal escape and cargo release. Importantly, carriers with maximal IA existed within a narrow hydrophobicity window, more hydrophilic than those exhibiting maximal cargo uptake. Hydrophobicity may be used as a scaffold-independent predictor of protein uptake, function, and IA, enabling identification of new, effective carriers which would be overlooked by uptake-based screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Hango
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Coralie M Backlund
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hazel C Davis
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Nicholas D Posey
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.,Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, Untied States
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.,Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, Untied States
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12
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McErlean EM, McCrudden CM, McBride JW, Cole G, Kett VL, Robson T, Dunne NJ, McCarthy HO. Rational design and characterisation of an amphipathic cell penetrating peptide for non-viral gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 596:120223. [PMID: 33508341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RALA is a cationic amphipathic peptide which has shown great promise as an efficient, multifunctional delivery system for the delivery of nucleic acids. Rational peptide design was utilised in this study to understand the essential amino acids required for delivery and if any improvements to the RALA peptide could be made. Six amphipathic peptides were synthesised with strategic sequences and amino acid substitutions to reduce peptide sequence, while maintaining the functional characteristics of RALA including amphipathicity, alpha-helicity and pH responsiveness for endosomal escape. Data demonstrated that all six peptides complexed pEGFP-N1 to produce cationic nanoparticles <200 nm in diameter, but not all peptides resulted in successful transfection; indicating the influence of peptide design for cellular uptake and endosomal escape. Pep2, produced nanoparticles with similar characteristics and transfection efficiency to the parent peptide, RALA. However, Pep2 had issues with toxicity and a lack of pH-responsive alpha-helcity. Therefore, RALA remains the superior sequence for non-toxic gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M McErlean
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Cian M McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - John W McBride
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Grace Cole
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Vicky L Kett
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, 111 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, UK
| | - Nicholas J Dunne
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, UK; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, UK; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, UK; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, UK; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, UK; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, UK
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, UK
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13
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McErlean EM, Ziminska M, McCrudden CM, McBride JW, Loughran SP, Cole G, Mulholland EJ, Kett V, Buckley NE, Robson T, Dunne NJ, McCarthy HO. Rational design and characterisation of a linear cell penetrating peptide for non-viral gene delivery. J Control Release 2020; 330:1288-1299. [PMID: 33227336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The design of a non-viral gene delivery system that can release a functional nucleic acid at the intracellular destination site is an exciting but also challenging proposition. The ideal gene delivery vector must be non-toxic, non-immunogenic, overcome extra- and intra-cellular barriers, protect the nucleic acid cargo from degradation with stability over a range of temperatures. A new 15 amino acid linear peptide termed CHAT was designed in this study with the goal of delivering DNA with high efficiency into cells in vitro and tissues in vivo. Rational design involved incorporation of key amino acids including arginine for nucleic acid complexation and cellular uptake, tryptophan to enhance hydrophobic interaction with cell membranes, histidine to facilitate endosomal escape and cysteine for stability and controlled cargo release. Six linear peptides were synthesised with strategic sequences and amino acid substitutions. Data demonstrated that all six peptides complexed pDNA to produce cationic nanoparticles less than 200 nm in diameter, but not all peptides resulted in successful transfection; indicating the influence of peptide design for endosomal escape. Peptide 4, now termed CHAT, was non-cytotoxic, traversed the plasma membrane of breast and prostate cancer cell lines, and elicited reporter-gene expression following intra-tumoural and intravenous delivery in vivo. CHAT presents an exciting new peptide for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M McErlean
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Monika Ziminska
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Cian M McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - John W McBride
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Stephen P Loughran
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Grace Cole
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Eoghan J Mulholland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Vicky Kett
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Niamh E Buckley
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, 111 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nicholas J Dunne
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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14
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Kardani K, Bolhassani A, Agi E, Hashemi A. B1 protein: a novel cell penetrating protein for in vitro and in vivo delivery of HIV-1 multi-epitope DNA constructs. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1847-1863. [PMID: 32449070 PMCID: PMC7246087 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Enhancement of the potential ability of biomacromolecules to cross cell membranes is a critical step for development of effective therapeutic vaccine especially DNA vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. The supercharged proteins were known as powerful weapons for delivery of different types of cargoes such as DNA and protein. Hence, we applied B1 protein with + 43 net charges obtained from a single frameshift in the gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) for delivery of two multi-epitope DNA constructs (nef-vpu-gp160-p24 and nef-vif-gp160-p24) in vitro and in vivo for the first time. For this purpose, B1 protein was generated in bacterial expression system under native conditions, and used to interact with both DNA constructs. Results Our data indicated that B1 protein (~ 27 kDa) was able to form a stable nanoparticle (~ 80–110 nm) with both DNA constructs at nitrogen: phosphate (N: P) ratio of 1:1. Moreover, the transfection efficiency of B1 protein for DNA delivery into HEK-293T cell line indicated that the cellular uptake of nef-vif-gp160-p24 DNA/ B1 and nef-vpu-gp160-p24 DNA/ B1 nanoparticles was about 32–35% with lower intensity as compared to TurboFect commercial reagent. On the other hand, immunization of BALB/c mice with different modalities demonstrated that B1 protein could enhance the levels of antibody, IFN-gamma and Granzyme B eliciting potent and strong Th1-directed cellular immunity. Conclusion Generally, our findings showed the potency of B1 protein as a promising gene delivery system to improve an effective therapeutic vaccine against HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kardani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elnaz Agi
- Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Hashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Kardani K, Milani A, H Shabani S, Bolhassani A. Cell penetrating peptides: the potent multi-cargo intracellular carriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:1227-1258. [PMID: 31583914 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1676720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) known as protein translocation domains (PTD), membrane translocating sequences (MTS), or Trojan peptides (TP) are able to cross biological membranes without clear toxicity using different mechanisms, and facilitate the intracellular delivery of a variety of bioactive cargos. CPPs could overcome some limitations of drug delivery and combat resistant strains against a broad range of diseases. Despite delivery of different therapeutic molecules by CPPs, they lack cell specificity and have a short duration of action. These limitations led to design of combined cargo delivery systems and subsequently improvement of their clinical applications. Areas covered: This review covers all our studies and other researchers in different aspects of CPPs such as classification, uptake mechanisms, and biomedical applications. Expert opinion: Due to low cytotoxicity of CPPs as compared to other carriers and final degradation to amino acids, they are suitable for preclinical and clinical studies. Generally, the efficiency of CPPs was suitable to penetrate the cell membrane and deliver different cargos to specific intracellular sites. However, no CPP-based therapeutic approach has approved by FDA, yet; because there are some disadvantages for CPPs including short half-life in blood, and nonspecific CPP-mediated delivery to normal tissue. Thus, some methods were used to develop the functions of CPPs in vitro and in vivo including the augmentation of cell specificity by activatable CPPs, specific transport into cell organelles by insertion of corresponding localization sequences, incorporation of CPPs into multifunctional dendrimeric or liposomal nanocarriers to improve selectivity and efficiency especially in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kardani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Samaneh H Shabani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
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16
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Tomás RF, Bailey TL, Hasan M, Gibson MI. Extracellular Antifreeze Protein Significantly Enhances the Cryopreservation of Cell Monolayers. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3864-3872. [PMID: 31498594 PMCID: PMC6794639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cryopreservation of cells underpins many areas of biotechnology, healthcare, and fundamental science by enabling the banking and distribution of cells. Cryoprotectants are essential to prevent cold-induced damage. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular localization of antifreeze proteins can significantly enhance post-thaw recovery of mammalian cell monolayers cryopreserved using dimethyl sulfoxide, whereas they show less benefit in suspension cryopreservation. A type III antifreeze protein (AFPIII) was used as the macromolecular ice recrystallization inhibitor and its intra/extracellular locations were controlled by using Pep-1, a cell-penetrating peptide. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy confirmed successful delivery of AFPIII. The presence of extracellular AFPIII dramatically increased post-thaw recovery in a challenging 2-D cell monolayer system using just 0.8 mg·mL-1, from 25% to over 60%, whereas intracellularly delivered AFPIII showed less benefit. Interestingly, the antifreeze protein was less effective when used in suspension cryopreservation of the same cells, suggesting that the cryopreservation format is also crucial. These observations show that, in the discovery of macromolecular cryoprotectants, intracellular delivery of ice recrystallization inhibitors may not be a significant requirement under "slow freezing" conditions, which will help guide the design of new biomaterials, in particular, for cell storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben
M. F. Tomás
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Trisha L. Bailey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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17
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Anderson SD, Hobbs RJ, Gwenin VV, Ball P, Bennie LA, Coulter JA, Gwenin CD. Cell-Penetrating Peptides as a Tool for the Cellular Uptake of a Genetically Modified Nitroreductase for use in Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:E45. [PMID: 31581475 PMCID: PMC6963571 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed enzyme prodrug therapy (DEPT) involves the delivery of a prodrug-activating enzyme to a solid tumour site, followed by the subsequent activation of an administered prodrug. One of the most studied enzyme-prodrug combinations is the nitroreductase from Escherichia coli (NfnB) with the prodrug CB1954 [5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitro-benzamide]. One of the major issues faced by DEPT is the ability to successfully internalize the enzyme into the target cells. NfnB has previously been genetically modified to contain cysteine residues (NfnB-Cys) which bind to gold nanoparticles for a novel DEPT therapy called magnetic nanoparticle directed enzyme prodrug therapy (MNDEPT). One cellular internalisation method is the use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), which aid cellular internalization of cargo. Here the cell-penetrating peptides: HR9 and Pep-1 were tested for their ability to conjugate with NfnB-Cys. The conjugates were further tested for their potential use in MNDEPT, as well as conjugating with the delivery vector intended for use in MNDEPT and tested for the vectors capability to penetrate into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Anderson
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG Wales, UK.
| | - Robert J Hobbs
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG Wales, UK.
| | - Vanessa V Gwenin
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG Wales, UK.
| | - Patrick Ball
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG Wales, UK.
| | - Lindsey A Bennie
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN Belfast, UK.
| | | | - Chris D Gwenin
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG Wales, UK.
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18
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Alizadeh S, Irani S, Bolhassani A, Sadat SM. Simultaneous use of natural adjuvants and cell penetrating peptides improves HCV NS3 antigen-specific immune responses. Immunol Lett 2019; 212:70-80. [PMID: 31254535 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To improve an effective hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapeutic vaccine, induction of a strong and long term HCV antigen-specific immune response is an important parameter. HCV non-structural protein 3 (NS3) has antigenic properties and plays a major role in viral clearance. In this study, DNA constructs encoding HCV NS3 and heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27)-NS3 genes, and the recombinant (r) NS3 and rHsp27-NS3 proteins complexed with HR9 and Cady-2 cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) were utilized to evaluate antibody, cytokine and Granzyme B secretion in mice. Herein, the formation of NS3 and Hsp27-NS3 DNA/ HR9 CPP complexes were revealed by gel retardation assay and protection against DNase and protease. Cady-2 peptide was used to form the nanoparticles with rNS3 and rHsp27-NS3 proteins. The size and charge of the nanoparticles were confirmed by SEM and Zetasizer instruments. Next, in vitro transfection of the nanoparticles was assessed by flow cytometry and western blotting. Finally, humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated using different modalities in mice. Our data showed that HR9 and Cady-2 could form stable nanoparticles with DNA and proteins, respectively and enhance their delivery into HEK-293 T cells in a non-covalent approach. Furthermore, the heterologous Hsp27-NS3 DNA + HR9 prime/rHsp27-NS3+Cady-2 protein boost elicited a higher Th1 cellular immune response with a predominant IgG2a, IgG2b, IFN-γ profile and strong Granzyme B secretion than those induced by other groups. Briefly, the combination of a natural adjuvant (Hsp27) and CPPs (HR9 and Cady-2) could significantly stimulate effective immune responses as a promising approach for development of HCV therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Alizadeh
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Irani
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mehdi Sadat
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Bolhassani A. Improvements in chemical carriers of proteins and peptides. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:437-452. [PMID: 30672055 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The successful intracellular delivery of biologically active proteins and peptides plays an important role for therapeutic applications. Indeed, protein/peptide delivery could overcome some problems of gene therapy, for example, controlling the expression levels and the integration of transgene into the host cell genome. Thus, protein/peptide drug delivery showed a promising and safe approach for treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Due to the unique physical and chemical properties of proteins, their production (e.g., isolation, purification & formulation) and delivery represented significant challenges in pharmaceutical studies. Modification in the structural moieties of these protein/peptide drugs could improve their solubility, stability, crystallinity, lipophilicity, enzymatic susceptibility and targetability, and subsequently, therapies and cures against various diseases. Using the structural modification of protein/peptide, their delivery provided overall higher success rates including high specificity, high activity, bioreactivity and safety. Recently, biotechnological and pharmaceutical companies have tried to find novel techniques for the modifications and improve delivery systems/carriers. However, each carrier has its own benefits and drawbacks, and an appropriate carrier is often established by the physicochemical properties of protein or peptide, the ideal route of injection, and clinical characteristics of therapy. In this review, an attempt was made to give an overview on the chemical carriers for proteins and peptides as well as the recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Posey ND, Tew GN. Associative and Dissociative Processes in Non-Covalent Polymer-Mediated Intracellular Protein Delivery. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3351-3365. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Posey
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003 USA
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21
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Posey ND, Hango CR, Minter LM, Tew GN. The Role of Cargo Binding Strength in Polymer-Mediated Intracellular Protein Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2679-2690. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Shahbazi S, Bolhassani A. Comparison of six cell penetrating peptides with different properties for in vitro and in vivo delivery of HPV16 E7 antigen in therapeutic vaccines. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 62:170-180. [PMID: 30015237 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are globally linked to >50% and 20% of all cervical cancers, respectively. The HPV E7 oncoprotein was determined as a therapeutic vaccine target due to its constitutive expression by HPV-infected cells. The findings demonstrated the efficiency of therapeutic HPV DNA- and protein-based vaccines in preclinical and clinical trials. However, there are limitations for penetration of DNA and protein constructs into the cells without a suitable delivery system. Recently, several cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been suggested for delivery of nucleic acids and proteins into cells through covalent or non-covalent fashion. In this study, we determined highly efficient CPPs for the controlled delivery of HPV16 E7 antigen, in vitro and in vivo. Our data indicated the effective delivery of E7 protein by Pep-1, Cady-2, P28 and hPP10, and E7 DNA by MPG and +36 GFP CPPs in HEK-293T cell line at certain ratios. Moreover, immunization with the heterologous MPG + E7 DNA prime/P28 + rE7 protein boost elicited a higher Th1 cellular immune response with a predominant IFN-γ profile and strong Granzyme B secretion than those induced by other groups in a murine tumor model. Indeed, the groups vaccinated with rE7+ P28/rE7+ P28, MPG+ E7 DNA/P28+ rE7, and E7 DNA+ MPG/E7 DNA+ MPG nanovaccines displayed complete protection and remained tumor-free >60 days after treatment. These data suggest P28 and MPG as promising protein and gene delivery systems for development of HPV therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Shahbazi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Shvadchak V, Zgheib S, Basta B, Humbert N, Langedijk J, Morris MC, Ciaco S, Maskri O, Darlix JL, Mauffret O, Fossé P, Réal E, Mély Y. Rationally Designed Peptides as Efficient Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Chaperone Activity of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Protein. Biochemistry 2018; 57:4562-4573. [PMID: 30019894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to its essential roles in the viral replication cycle and to its highly conserved sequence, the nucleocapsid protein (NCp7) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is a target of choice for inhibiting replication of the virus. Most NCp7 inhibitors identified so far are small molecules. A small number of short peptides also act as NCp7 inhibitors by competing with its nucleic acid (NA) binding and chaperone activities but exhibit antiviral activity only at relatively high concentrations. In this work, in order to obtain more potent NCp7 competitors, we designed a library of longer peptides (10-17 amino acids) whose sequences include most of the NCp7 structural determinants responsible for its specific NA binding and destabilizing activities. Using an in vitro assay, the most active peptide (pE) was found to inhibit the NCp7 destabilizing activity, with a 50% inhibitory concentration in the nanomolar range, by competing with NCp7 for binding to its NA substrates. Formulated with a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), pE was found to accumulate into HeLa cells, with low cytotoxicity. However, either formulated with a CPP or overexpressed in cells, pE did not show any antiviral activity. In vitro competition experiments revealed that its poor antiviral activity may be partly due to its sequestration by cellular RNAs. The selected peptide pE therefore appears to be a useful tool for investigating NCp7 properties and functions in vitro, but further work will be needed to design pE-derived peptides with antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Shvadchak
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Sarwat Zgheib
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Beata Basta
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Nicolas Humbert
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | | | - May C Morris
- Institut des biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS, UMR 5247 , Université de Montpellier Faculté de Pharmacie , 15 av Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier , France
| | - Stefano Ciaco
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Ouerdia Maskri
- LBPA, ENS Paris Saclay, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , 94235 , Cachan Cedex , France
| | - Jean-Luc Darlix
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Olivier Mauffret
- LBPA, ENS Paris Saclay, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , 94235 , Cachan Cedex , France
| | - Philippe Fossé
- LBPA, ENS Paris Saclay, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , 94235 , Cachan Cedex , France
| | - Eléonore Réal
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Yves Mély
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
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24
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Transduced PEP-1-Heme Oxygenase-1 Fusion Protein Attenuates Lung Injury in Septic Shock Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6403861. [PMID: 29682161 PMCID: PMC5848134 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6403861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation have been identified to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of lung injury induced by septic shock. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic substance, has been used for the treatment of heart, lung, and liver diseases. Thus, we postulated that administration of exogenous HO-1 protein transduced by cell-penetrating peptide PEP-1 has a protective role against septic shock-induced lung injury. Septic shock produced by cecal ligation and puncture caused severe lung damage, manifested in the increase in the lung wet/dry ratio, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. However, these changes were reversed by treatment with the PEP-1-HO-1 fusion protein, whereas lung injury in septic shock rats was alleviated. Furthermore, the septic shock upregulated the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and transcription factor NF-κB, accompanied by the increase of lung injury. Administration of PEP-1-HO-1 fusion protein reversed septic shock-induced lung injury by downregulating the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB. Our study indicates that treatment with HO-1 protein transduced by PEP-1 confers protection against septic shock-induced lung injury by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects.
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25
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Chiper M, Niederreither K, Zuber G. Transduction Methods for Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins and Bioconjugates into Living Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701040. [PMID: 29205903 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The human organism and its constituting cells rely on interplay between multiple proteins exerting specific functions. Progress in molecular biotechnologies has facilitated the production of recombinant proteins. When administrated to patients, recombinant proteins can provide important healthcare benefits. To date, most therapeutic proteins must act from the extracellular environment, with their targets being secreted modulators or extracellular receptors. This is because proteins cannot passively diffuse across the plasma membrane into the cytosol. To expand the scope of action of proteins for cytosolic targets (representing more than 40% of the genome) effective methods assisting protein cytosolic entry are being developed. To date, direct protein delivery is extremely tedious and inefficient in cultured cells, even more so in animal models of pathology. Novel techniques are changing this limitation, as recently developed in vitro methods can robustly convey large amount of proteins into cell cultures. Moreover, advances in protein formulation or protein conjugates are slowly, but surely demonstrating efficiency for targeted cytosolic entry of functional protein in vivo in tumor xenograft models. In this review, various methods and recently developed techniques for protein transport into cells are summarized. They are put into perspective to address the challenges encountered during delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Chiper
- Molecular and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Biologics CNRS—Université de Strasbourg UMR 7242 Boulevard Sebastien Brant F‐67412 Illkirch France
- Faculté de Pharmacie—Université de Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin F‐67400 Illkirch France
| | - Karen Niederreither
- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells Department Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC) F‐67412 Illkirch France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire Université de Strasbourg CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964 F‐67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Guy Zuber
- Molecular and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Biologics CNRS—Université de Strasbourg UMR 7242 Boulevard Sebastien Brant F‐67412 Illkirch France
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Li Y, Cui T, Kong X, Yi X, Kong D, Zhang J, Liu C, Gong M. Nanoparticles induced by embedding self-assembling cassette into glucagon-like peptide 1 for improving in vivo stability. FASEB J 2018; 32:2992-3004. [PMID: 29401602 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701033rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The multiple physiologic characteristics of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) make it a promising drug candidate for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the half-life of GLP-1 is short as a result of degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase IV and renal clearance. Stabilizing GLP-1 is therefore critical for its use in drug development. Self-assembling peptides are a class of peptides that undergo spontaneous assembly into ordered nanostructures. Recently, studies of self-assembling peptides as drug carriers have increased because of their enhanced stability. In the present study, GLP-1 was modified to incorporate the structural characteristics of self-assembling peptides aiming to generate a self-assembling GLP-1 derivative. Receptor binding capacity and insulinotropic effects were measured to investigate the physiologic functions of GLP-1, along with morphologic approaches to observe supramolecular formation on self-assembly at the nano scale. Finally, blood glucose regulation and body weight were monitored after administration of selected derivatives. Our findings revealed that cadyglp1e and cadyglp1m both exhibited improved stability even though different nanoshapes were observed for these two self-assembling peptides. Both cadyglp1e and cadyglp1m retained glucoregulatory activity after insulin stimulation and were potent drug candidates for long-acting GLP-1 derivatives to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our findings support the feasibility of introducing self-assembly functions into peptides with poor stabilities, such as GLP-1.-Li, Y., Cui, T., Kong, X., Yi, X., Kong, D., Zhang, J., Liu, C., Gong, M. Nanoparticles induced by embedding self-assembling cassette into glucagon-like peptide 1 for improving in vivo stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cui
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodong Kong
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiulin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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27
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Motevalli F, Bolhassani A, Hesami S, Shahbazi S. Supercharged green fluorescent protein delivers HPV16E7 DNA and protein into mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. Immunol Lett 2017; 194:29-39. [PMID: 29273425 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecules including DNA and proteins serve as important human therapeutics but are limited by their general inability to cross cell membranes. Supercharged proteins have been known as potent tools for delivery of macromolecules into mammalian cells. Thus, the use of these delivery systems is important to reduce the human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated malignancies through improvement of vaccine modalities. In this study, we used a supercharged green fluorescent protein (+36 GFP) for delivery of the full-length HPV16 E7 DNA and protein into mammalian cells and evaluated immune responses, and protective/therapeutic effects of different formulations in C57BL/6 tumor mice model. Our results showed that the complexes of E7 DNA/+36 GFP and also E7 protein/+36 GFP form stable nanoparticles through non-covalent binding with an average size of ∼ 200-300 nm. The efficient delivery of E7 DNA or protein by +36 GFP was detected in HEK-293T cell line for 4 h and 24 h post-transfection. Mice immunization with E7 protein/+36 GFP nanoparticles elicited a higher Th1 cellular immune response with the predominant IgG2a and IFN-γ levels than those induced by E7 protein, E7 DNA, E7 DNA/+36 GFP and control groups (p < .05). Moreover, the E7 DNA/+36 GFP and E7 protein/+36 GFP nanoparticles similarly protected mice against TC-1 tumor challenge (∼67%) as compared to E7 DNA and E7 protein (∼33%), respectively. These data suggest that +36 GFP may provide a promising platform to improve protein and DNA delivery in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Motevalli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shilan Hesami
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Shahbazi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Kadkhodayan S, Jafarzade BS, Sadat SM, Motevalli F, Agi E, Bolhassani A. Combination of cell penetrating peptides and heterologous DNA prime/protein boost strategy enhances immune responses against HIV-1 Nef antigen in BALB/c mouse model. Immunol Lett 2017; 188:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sgolastra F, Backlund CM, Ilker Ozay E, deRonde BM, Minter LM, Tew GN. Sequence segregation improves non-covalent protein delivery. J Control Release 2017; 254:131-136. [PMID: 28363520 PMCID: PMC5568762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The impermeability of the plasma membrane towards large, hydrophilic biomolecules is a major obstacle in their use and development against intracellular targets. To overcome such limitations, protein transduction domains (PTDs) have been used as protein carriers, however they often require covalent fusion to the protein for efficient delivery. In an effort to develop more efficient and versatile biological vehicles, a series of PTD-inspired polyoxanorbornene-based synthetic mimics with identical chemical compositions but different hydrophobic/hydrophilic segregation were used to investigate the role of sequence segregation on protein binding and uptake into Jurkat T cells and HEK293Ts. This series was composed of a strongly segregated block copolymer, an intermediately segregated gradient copolymer, and a non-segregated homopolymer. Among the series, the block copolymer maximized both protein binding and translocation efficiencies, closely followed by the gradient copolymer, resulting in two protein transporter molecules more efficacious than currently commercially available agents. These two polymers were also used to deliver the biologically active Cre recombinase into a loxP-reporter T cell line. Since exogenous Cre must reach the nucleus and retain its activity to induce gene recombination, this in vitro experiment better exemplifies the broad applicability of this synthetic system. This study shows that increasing segregation between hydrophobic and cationic moieties in these polymeric mimics improves non-covalent protein delivery, providing crucial design parameters for the creation of more potent biological delivery agents for research and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sgolastra
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Coralie M Backlund
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - E Ilker Ozay
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Brittany M deRonde
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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Bolhassani A, Jafarzade BS, Mardani G. In vitro and in vivo delivery of therapeutic proteins using cell penetrating peptides. Peptides 2017; 87:50-63. [PMID: 27887988 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The failure of proteins to penetrate mammalian cells or target tumor cells restricts their value as therapeutic tools in a variety of diseases such as cancers. Recently, protein transduction domains (PTDs) or cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been shown to promote the delivery of therapeutic proteins or peptides into live cells. The successful delivery of proteins mainly depends on their physicochemical properties. Although, linear cell penetrating peptides are one of the most effective delivery vehicles; but currently, cyclic CPPs has been developed to potently transport bioactive full-length proteins into cells. Up to now, several small protein transduction domains from viral proteins including Tat or VP22 could be fused to other peptides or proteins to entry them in various cell types at a dose-dependent approach. A major disadvantage of PTD-fusion proteins is primary uptake into endosomal vesicles leading to inefficient release of the fusion proteins into the cytosol. Recently, non-covalent complex formation (Chariot) between proteins and CPPs has attracted a special interest to overcome some delivery limitations (e.g., toxicity). Many preclinical and clinical trials of CPP-based delivery are currently under evaluation. Generally, development of more efficient protein transduction domains would significantly increase the potency of protein therapeutics. Moreover, the synergistic or combined effects of CPPs with other delivery systems for protein/peptide drug delivery would promote their therapeutic effects in cancer and other diseases. In this review, we will describe the functions and implications of CPPs for delivering the therapeutic proteins or peptides in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Golnaz Mardani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Posey ND, Caffrey LM, Minter LM, Tew GN. Protein Mimic Hydrophobicity Affects Intracellular Delivery but not Cargo Binding. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Posey
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
| | - Leah M. Caffrey
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
| | - Lisa M. Minter
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
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32
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Upadhya A, Sangave PC. Hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between cell penetrating peptides and plasmid DNA are important for stable non-covalent complexation and intracellular delivery. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:647-659. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Upadhya
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management; SVKM's NMIMS University; V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West) Mumbai 400056 Maharashtra India
| | - Preeti C. Sangave
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management; SVKM's NMIMS University; V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West) Mumbai 400056 Maharashtra India
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33
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Delivery of HIV-1 Nef Protein in Mammalian Cells Using Cell Penetrating Peptides as a Candidate Therapeutic Vaccine. Int J Pept Res Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-016-9547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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González-Vera JA, Fueyo-González F, Alkorta I, Peyressatre M, Morris MC, Herranz R. Highly solvatochromic and tunable fluorophores based on a 4,5-quinolimide scaffold: novel CDK5 probes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9652-5. [PMID: 27383006 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04566a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel 4,5-quinolimide-based fluorophores are more solvatochromic and red-shifted than known naphthalimide analogues. Conjugation of one of these fluorophores to a peptide derived from CDK5 kinase demonstrated its sensitivity for monitoring the interaction with its regulatory partner p25. Introduction of the quinolimide-labelled peptide into living glioblastoma cells probed the interaction with endogenous p25.
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35
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Mardani G, Bolhassani A, Agi E, Shahbazi S, Mehdi Sadat S. Protein vaccination with HPV16 E7/Pep-1 nanoparticles elicits a protective T-helper cell-mediated immune response. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:459-67. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Mardani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Elnaz Agi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Sepideh Shahbazi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Sadat
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
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36
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Cell Penetrating Peptide Conjugated Chitosan for Enhanced Delivery of Nucleic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28912-30. [PMID: 26690119 PMCID: PMC4691089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is an emerging therapeutic strategy for the cure or treatment of a spectrum of genetic disorders. Nevertheless, advances in gene therapy are immensely reliant upon design of an efficient gene carrier that can deliver genetic cargoes into the desired cell populations. Among various nonviral gene delivery systems, chitosan-based carriers have gained increasing attention because of their high cationic charge density, excellent biocompatibility, nearly nonexistent cytotoxicity, negligible immune response, and ideal ability to undergo chemical conjugation. However, a major shortcoming of chitosan-based carriers is their poor cellular uptake, leading to inadequate transfection efficiency. The intrinsic feature of cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) for transporting diverse cargoes into multiple cell and tissue types in a safe manner suggests that they can be conjugated to chitosan for improving its transfection efficiency. In this review, we briefly discuss CPPs and their classification, and also the major mechanisms contributing to the cellular uptake of CPPs and cargo conjugates. We also discuss immense improvements for the delivery of nucleic acids using CPP-conjugated chitosan-based carriers with special emphasis on plasmid DNA and small interfering RNA.
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37
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González-Vera JA, Morris MC. Fluorescent Reporters and Biosensors for Probing the Dynamic Behavior of Protein Kinases. Proteomes 2015; 3:369-410. [PMID: 28248276 PMCID: PMC5217393 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes3040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Probing the dynamic activities of protein kinases in real-time in living cells constitutes a major challenge that requires specific and sensitive tools tailored to meet the particular demands associated with cellular imaging. The development of genetically-encoded and synthetic fluorescent biosensors has provided means of monitoring protein kinase activities in a non-invasive fashion in their native cellular environment with high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we review existing technologies to probe different dynamic features of protein kinases and discuss limitations where new developments are required to implement more performant tools, in particular with respect to infrared and near-infrared fluorescent probes and strategies which enable improved signal-to-noise ratio and controlled activation of probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A González-Vera
- Cell Cycle Biosensors & Inhibitors, Department of Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins, Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS-UMR 5247, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, Montpellier 34093, France.
| | - May C Morris
- Cell Cycle Biosensors & Inhibitors, Department of Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins, Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS-UMR 5247, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, Montpellier 34093, France.
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38
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Zaro JL, Shen WC. Cationic and amphipathic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs): Their structures and in vivo studies in drug delivery. Front Chem Sci Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-015-1538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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39
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Wu Y, Xie G, Xu Y, Ma L, Tong C, Fan D, Du F, Yu H. PEP-1-MsrA ameliorates inflammation and reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. J Transl Med 2015; 13:316. [PMID: 26410585 PMCID: PMC4584131 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is a potent intracellular oxidoreductase and serves as an essential factor that protects cells against oxidative damage. However, therapeutic use of exogenous MsrA in oxidative stress-induced diseases is limited, because it cannot enter the cells. The aim of this study is to investigate whether MsrA with PEP-1, a cell penetrating peptide, fused to its N-terminus can protect against oxidative stress in macrophages and can attenuate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. METHODS MsrA and the fusion protein PEP-1-MsrA were expressed and purified using a pET28a expression system. Transduction of the fusion protein into macrophages was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis levels were measured by flow cytometry. In in vivo study, MsrA or PEP-1-MsrA proteins were intraperitoneally injected into apoE(-/-) mice fed a Western diet for 12 weeks. Plasma lipids levels, inflammatory gene expression, and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were assessed. Atherosclerotic lesions were analyzed by Oil Red O staining and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PEP-1-MsrA could penetrate the cells and significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels and apoptosis in H2O2-treated macrophages. It also decreased TNFα and IL-1β mRNA levels and increased the IL-10 mRNA level in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages. In in vivo study, PEP-1-MsrA injection significantly increased plasma PON1 and SOD activities and decreased plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) level compared to the injection of vehicle control or MsrA. In PEP-1-MsrA injected mice, hepatic PON1 levels were increased, while the expression of TNFα and IL-6 mRNA in the liver was suppressed. Although plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not change, the aortic atherosclerosis in PEP-1-MsrA treated mice was significantly reduced. This was accompanied by a reduction of total and apoptotic macrophages in the lesions. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that PEP-1-MsrA may be a potential therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Guanghui Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanyong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Chuanfeng Tong
- Cardiology Division of Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, China.
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Fen Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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40
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Postupalenko V, Desplancq D, Orlov I, Arntz Y, Spehner D, Mely Y, Klaholz BP, Schultz P, Weiss E, Zuber G. Protein Delivery System Containing a Nickel-Immobilized Polymer for Multimerization of Affinity-Purified His-Tagged Proteins Enhances Cytosolic Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10583-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Postupalenko V, Desplancq D, Orlov I, Arntz Y, Spehner D, Mely Y, Klaholz BP, Schultz P, Weiss E, Zuber G. Protein Delivery System Containing a Nickel-Immobilized Polymer for Multimerization of Affinity-Purified His-Tagged Proteins Enhances Cytosolic Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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deRonde BM, Tew GN. Development of protein mimics for intracellular delivery. Biopolymers 2015; 104:265-80. [PMID: 25858701 PMCID: PMC4516575 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Designing delivery agents for therapeutics is an ongoing challenge. As treatments and desired cargoes become more complex, the need for improved delivery vehicles becomes critical. Excellent delivery vehicles must ensure the stability of the cargo, maintain the cargo's solubility, and promote efficient delivery and release. In order to address these issues, many research groups have looked to nature for design inspiration. Proteins, such as HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription (TAT) and Antennapedia homeodomain protein, are capable of crossing cellular membranes. However, due to the complexities of their structures, they are synthetically challenging to reproduce in the laboratory setting. Being able to incorporate the key features of these proteins that enable cell entry into simpler scaffolds opens up a wide range of opportunities for the development of new delivery reagents with improved performance. This review charts the development of protein mimics based on cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and how structure-activity relationships (SARs) with these molecules and their protein counterparts ultimately led to the use of polymeric scaffolds. These scaffolds deviate from the normal peptide backbone, allowing for simpler, synthetic procedures to make carriers and tune chemical compositions for application specific needs. Successful design of polymeric protein mimics would allow researchers to further understand the key features in proteins and peptides necessary for efficient delivery and to design the next generation of more efficient delivery reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M deRonde
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
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Tansi F, Kallweit E, Kaether C, Kappe K, Schumann C, Hilger I, Reissmann S. Internalization of Near-Infrared Fluorescently Labeled Activatable Cell-Penetrating Peptide and of Proteins into Human Fibrosarcoma Cell Line HT-1080. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1222-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felista Tansi
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; Department of Experimental Radiology; Jena University Hospital; Friedrich-Schiller University; Erlanger Allee 101 Jena 07747 Germany
| | - Eric Kallweit
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; Department of Experimental Radiology; Jena University Hospital; Friedrich-Schiller University; Erlanger Allee 101 Jena 07747 Germany
- Ernst-Abbe-University of Applied Sciences; Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2 Jena 07745 Germany
| | - Christoph Kaether
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research; Fritz-Lipmann-Institute; Beutenbergstr. 11 Jena 07745 Germany
| | - Katarina Kappe
- Jena Bioscience GmbH; Loebstedter Str. 80 Jena 07749 Germany
| | - Christina Schumann
- Ernst-Abbe-University of Applied Sciences; Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2 Jena 07745 Germany
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; Department of Experimental Radiology; Jena University Hospital; Friedrich-Schiller University; Erlanger Allee 101 Jena 07747 Germany
| | - Siegmund Reissmann
- Jena Bioscience GmbH; Loebstedter Str. 80 Jena 07749 Germany
- Centrum of Molecular Biomedicine; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Friedrich- Schiller-University; Dornburger Str. 25 Jena 07743 Germany
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Abstract
This review describes nanoparticles made from protein by self-assembly or desolvation as carriers for the delivery of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. P. Herrera Estrada
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering. Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - J. A. Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering. Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
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Srinivasan M, Blackburn C, Lahiri DK. Functional characterization of a competitive peptide antagonist of p65 in human macrophage-like cells suggests therapeutic potential for chronic inflammation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 8:2409-21. [PMID: 25584020 PMCID: PMC4262379 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s59722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a glucocorticoid responsive protein that links the nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) and the glucocorticoid signaling pathways. Functional and binding studies suggest that the proline-rich region at the carboxy terminus of GILZ binds the p65 subunit of NFκB and suppresses the immunoinflammatory response. A widely-used strategy in the discovery of peptide drugs involves exploitation of the complementary surfaces of naturally occurring binding partners. Previously, we observed that a synthetic peptide (GILZ-P) derived from the proline-rich region of GILZ bound activated p65 and ameliorated experimental encephalomyelitis. Here we characterize the secondary structure of GILZ-P by circular dichroic analysis. GILZ-P adopts an extended polyproline type II helical conformation consistent with the structural conformation commonly observed in interfaces of transient intermolecular interactions. To determine the potential application of GILZ-P in humans, we evaluated the toxicity and efficacy of the peptide drug in mature human macrophage-like THP-1 cells. Treatment with GILZ-P at a wide range of concentrations commonly used for peptide drugs was nontoxic as determined by cell viability and apoptosis assays. Functionally, GILZ-P suppressed proliferation and glutamate secretion by activated macrophages by inhibiting nuclear translocation of p65. Collectively, our data suggest that the GILZ-P has therapeutic potential in chronic CNS diseases where persistent inflammation leads to neurodegeneration such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Srinivasan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Corinne Blackburn
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Institute of Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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46
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Van TNN, Pellerano M, Lykaso S, Morris MC. Fluorescent Protein Biosensor for Probing CDK/Cyclin Activity in vitro and in Living Cells. Chembiochem 2014; 15:2298-305. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Reissmann S. Cell penetration: scope and limitations by the application of cell-penetrating peptides. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:760-84. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siegmund Reissmann
- Friedrich Schiller University, Biological and Pharmaceutical Faculty; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Dornburger Strasse 25 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Bioscience GmbH; Loebstedter Strasse 80 07749 Jena Germany
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Transduction of PEP-1-heme oxygenase-1 fusion protein reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 62:436-42. [PMID: 23921302 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182a0b638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have uncovered that overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by induction or gene transfer provides myocardial protection. In the present study, we investigated whether HO-1 protein mediated by cell-penetrating peptide PEP-1 could confer cardioprotection in a rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery and to 120 minutes of reperfusion to prepare the model of I/R. Animals were randomized to receive PEP-1-HO-1 fusion protein or saline 30 minutes before a 30-minute occlusion. I/R increased myocardial infarct size and levels of malondialdehyde, serum tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6 and reduced myocardial superoxide dismutase activity. Administration of PEP-1-HO-1 reduced myocardial infarct size and levels of malondialdehyde, serum tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6 and increased myocardial superoxide dismutase and HO-1 activities. His-probe protein was only detected in PEP-1-HO-1-transduced hearts. In addition, transduction of PEP-1-HO-1 markedly reduced elevated myocardial tissue nuclear factor-κB induced by I/R. The results suggested that transduction of PEP-1-HO-1 fusion protein decreased myocardial reperfusion injury, probably by attenuating the production of oxidants and proinflammatory cytokines regulated by nuclear factor-κB.
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Keller AA, Breitling R, Hemmerich P, Kappe K, Braun M, Wittig B, Schaefer B, Lorkowski S, Reissmann S. Transduction of Proteins intoLeishmania Tarentolaeby Formation of Non-Covalent Complexes With Cell-Penetrating Peptides. J Cell Biochem 2013; 115:243-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea-Anneliese Keller
- Friedrich Schiller University, Biological and Pharmaceutical Faculty; Institute of Nutrition and Abbe Centre of Photonics; Dornburger Str. 25 07743 Jena Germany
| | | | - Peter Hemmerich
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute; Beutenbergstr. 11 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Katarina Kappe
- Jena Bioscience GmbH; Loebstedter Str. 80 07749 Jena Germany
| | - Maria Braun
- Friedrich Schiller University, Biological and Pharmaceutical Faculty; Institute of Nutrition and Abbe Centre of Photonics; Dornburger Str. 25 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Berith Wittig
- Friedrich Schiller University, Biological and Pharmaceutical Faculty; Institute of Nutrition and Abbe Centre of Photonics; Dornburger Str. 25 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Buerk Schaefer
- Jena Bioscience GmbH; Loebstedter Str. 80 07749 Jena Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Friedrich Schiller University, Biological and Pharmaceutical Faculty; Institute of Nutrition and Abbe Centre of Photonics; Dornburger Str. 25 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Siegmund Reissmann
- Jena Bioscience GmbH; Loebstedter Str. 80 07749 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University, Biological and Pharmaceutical Faculty; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Dornburger Str. 25 07743 Jena Germany
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50
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Randriamampita C, Lellouch AC. Imaging early signaling events in T lymphocytes with fluorescent biosensors. Biotechnol J 2013; 9:203-12. [PMID: 24166755 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Many recent advances in our understanding of T lymphocyte functions in adaptive immunity are derived from sophisticated imaging techniques used to visualize T lymphocyte behavior in vitro and in vivo. A current challenge is to couple such imaging techniques with methods that will allow researchers to visualize signaling phenomenon at the single-cell level. Fluorescent biosensors, either synthetic or genetically encoded, are emerging as important tools for revealing the spatio-temporal regulation of intracellular biochemical events, such as specific enzyme activities or fluctuations in metabolites. In this review, we revisit the development of fluorescent Ca(2+) sensors with which the first experiments visualizing T lymphocyte activation at the single-cell were performed, and which have since become routine tools in immunology. We then examine a number of examples of how fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors have been developed and applied to T lymphocyte migration, adhesion and T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signal transduction. These include the study of small GTPases such as RhoA, Rac and Rap1, the tyrosine kinases Lck and ZAP-70, and metabolites such as cAMP and Ca(2+) . Future development and use of biosensors should allow immunologists to reconcile the vast wealth of existing biochemical data concerning T-cell functions with the power of dynamic live-cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Randriamampita
- CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; INSERM U567, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.
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