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Herzog M, Verdenik I, Kobal B, Černe K. Higher EpCAM-Positive Extracellular Vesicle Concentration in Ascites Is Associated with Shorter Progression-Free Survival of Patients with Advanced High-Grade Serous Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6780. [PMID: 38928484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Platinum-resistant high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is an incurable disease, so biomarkers that could help with timely treatment adjustments and personalized approach are extensively being sought. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be isolated from ascites and blood of HGSC patients are such promising biomarkers. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression is upregulated in most epithelium-derived tumors; however, studies on prognostic value of EpCAM overexpression in ovarian carcinoma have shown contradictory results. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential of total and EpCAM-positive EVs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for advanced HGSC. Flow cytometry was used to determine the concentration of total and EpCAM-positive EVs in paired pretreatment ascites and plasma samples of 37 patients with advanced HGSC who underwent different first-line therapy. We found that higher EpCAM-positive EVs concentration in ascites is associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) regardless of treatment strategy. We also found a strong correlation of EpCAM-positive EVs concentration between ascites and plasma. Our findings indicate that EpCAM-positive EVs in ascites of patients with advanced HGSC have the potential to serve as prognostic biomarkers for predicting early recurrence and thereby likelihood of more aggressive tumor biology and development of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruša Herzog
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Verdenik
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Kobal
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Černe
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Ghiandai V, Grassi ES, Gazzano G, Fugazzola L, Persani L. Characterization of EpCAM in thyroid cancer biology by three-dimensional spheroids in vitro model. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:196. [PMID: 38835027 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Nowadays, undifferentiated thyroid cancers (UTCs) are still lethal, mostly due to the insurgence of therapy resistance and disease relapse. These events are believed to be caused by a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem-like phenotype and specific tumor-initiating abilities, known as tumor-initiating cells (TICs). A comprehensive understanding of how to isolate and target these cells is necessary. Here we provide insights into the role that the protein Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM), a known TICs marker for other solid tumors, may have in TC biology, thus considering EpCAM a potential marker of thyroid TICs in UTCs. METHODS The characterization of EpCAM was accomplished through Western Blot and Immunofluorescence on patient-derived tissue samples, adherent cell cultures, and 3D sphere cultures of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cell lines. The frequency of tumor cells with putative tumor-initiating ability within the 3D cultures was assessed through extreme limiting dilution analysis (ELDA). EpCAM proteolytic cleavages were studied through treatments with different cleavages' inhibitors. To evaluate the involvement of EpCAM in inducing drug resistance, Vemurafenib (PLX-4032) treatments were assessed through MTT assay. RESULTS Variable EpCAM expression pattern was observed in TC tissue samples, with increased cleavage in the more UTC. We demonstrated that EpCAM is subjected to an intense cleavage process in ATC-derived 3D tumor spheres and that the 3D model faithfully mimics what was observed in patient's samples. We also proved that the integrity of the protein appears to be crucial for the generation of 3D spheres, and its expression and cleavage in a 3D system could contribute to drug resistance in thyroid TICs. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide novel information on the role of EpCAM expression and cleavage in the biology of thyroid TICs, and our 3D model reflects the variability of EpCAM cleavage observed in tissue samples. EpCAM evaluation could play a role in clinical decisions regarding patient therapy since its expression and cleavage may have a fundamental role in the switch to a drug-resistant phenotype of UTC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Ghiandai
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Stellaria Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gazzano
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Xiao D, Xiong M, Wang X, Lyu M, Sun H, Cui Y, Chen C, Jiang Z, Sun F. Regulation of the Function and Expression of EpCAM. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1129. [PMID: 38791091 PMCID: PMC11117676 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a single transmembrane protein on the cell surface. Given its strong expression on epithelial cells and epithelial cell-derived tumors, EpCAM has been identified as a biomarker for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes and a target for cancer therapy. As a cell adhesion molecule, EpCAM has a crystal structure that indicates that it forms a cis-dimer first and then probably a trans-tetramer to mediate intercellular adhesion. Through regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), EpCAM and its proteolytic fragments are also able to regulate multiple signaling pathways, Wnt signaling in particular. Although great progress has been made, increasingly more findings have revealed the context-specific expression and function patterns of EpCAM and their regulation processes, which necessitates further studies to determine the structure, function, and expression of EpCAM under both physiological and pathological conditions, broadening its application in basic and translational cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xiao
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Mingrui Xiong
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Mengqing Lyu
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Hanxiang Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yeting Cui
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Fan Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
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4
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Cabibi D, Giannone AG, Quattrocchi A, Calvaruso V, Porcasi R, Di Grusa D, Pavone AM, Comelli A, Petta S. Quantitative Evaluation by Digital Pathology of Immunohistochemical Expression of CK7, CK19, and EpCAM in Advanced Stages of NASH. Biomedicines 2024; 12:440. [PMID: 38398042 PMCID: PMC10887071 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis/Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NASH/NAFLD) is the most recurrent chronic liver disease. NASH could present with a cholestatic (C) or hepatic (H) pattern of damage. Recently, we observed that increased Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) expression was the main immunohistochemical feature to distinguish C from H pattern in NASH. (2) Methods: In the present study, we used digital pathology to compare the quantitative results of digital image analysis by QuPath software (Q-results), with the semi-quantitative results of observer assessment (S-results) for cytokeratin 7 and 19, (CK7, CK19) as well as EpCAM expression. Patients were classified into H or C group on the basis of the ratio between alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values, using the "R-ratio formula". (3) Results: Q- and S-results showed a significant correlation for all markers (p < 0.05). Q-EpCAM expression was significantly higher in the C group than in the H group (p < 0.05). Importantly ALP, an indicator of hepatobiliary disorder, was the only biochemical parameter significantly correlated with Q-EpCAM. Instead, Q-CK7, but not Q-CK19, correlated only with γGlutamyl-Transferase (γGT). Of note, Stage 4 fibrosis correlated with Q-EpCAM, Q-CK19, and ALP but not with γGT or ALT. Conclusions: Image analysis confirms the relation between cholestatic-like pattern, associated with a worse prognosis, with increased ALP values, EpCAM positive biliary metaplasia, and advanced fibrosis. These preliminary data could be useful for the implementation of AI algorithms for the assessment of cholestatic NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cabibi
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Health Promotion Mother and Child Care Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University Hospital AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (A.Q.); (R.P.)
| | - Antonino Giulio Giannone
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Health Promotion Mother and Child Care Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University Hospital AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (A.Q.); (R.P.)
| | - Alberto Quattrocchi
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Health Promotion Mother and Child Care Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University Hospital AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (A.Q.); (R.P.)
| | - Vincenza Calvaruso
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion Mother and Child Care Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University Hospital AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rossana Porcasi
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Health Promotion Mother and Child Care Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University Hospital AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (A.Q.); (R.P.)
| | - Domenico Di Grusa
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Health Promotion Mother and Child Care Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University Hospital AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (A.Q.); (R.P.)
| | - Anna Maria Pavone
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Albert Comelli
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion Mother and Child Care Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University Hospital AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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5
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Golconda P, Andrade-Medina M, Oberstein A. Subconfluent ARPE-19 Cells Display Mesenchymal Cell-State Characteristics and Behave like Fibroblasts, Rather Than Epithelial Cells, in Experimental HCMV Infection Studies. Viruses 2023; 16:49. [PMID: 38257749 PMCID: PMC10821009 DOI: 10.3390/v16010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has a broad cellular tropism and epithelial cells are important physiological targets during infection. The retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 has been used to model HCMV infection in epithelial cells for decades and remains a commonly used cell type for studying viral entry, replication, and the cellular response to infection. We previously found that ARPE-19 cells, despite being derived from an epithelial cell explant, express extremely low levels of canonical epithelial proteins, such as E-cadherin and EpCAM. Here, we perform comparative studies of ARPE-19 and additional epithelial cell lines with strong epithelial characteristics. We find that ARPE-19 cells cultured under subconfluent conditions resemble mesenchymal fibroblasts, rather than epithelial cells; this is consistent with previous studies showing that ARPE-19 cultures require extended periods of high confluency culture to maintain epithelial characteristics. By reanalyzing public gene expression data and using machine learning, we find evidence that ARPE-19 cultures maintained across many labs exhibit mesenchymal characteristics and that the majority of studies employing ARPE-19 use them in a mesenchymal state. Lastly, by performing experimental HCMV infections across mesenchymal and epithelial cell lines, we find that ARPE-19 cells behave like mesenchymal fibroblasts, producing logarithmic yields of cell-free infectious progeny, while cell lines with strong epithelial character exhibit an atypical infectious cycle and naturally restrict the production of cell-free progeny. Our work highlights important characteristics of the ARPE-19 cell line and suggests that subconfluent ARPE-19 cells may not be optimal for modeling epithelial infection with HCMV or other human viruses. It also suggests that HCMV biosynthesis and/or spread may occur quite differently in epithelial cells compared to mesenchymal cells. These differences could contribute to viral persistence or pathogenesis in epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam Oberstein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.G.); (M.A.-M.)
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6
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Bilyalov A, Danishevich A, Nikolaev S, Vorobyov N, Abramov I, Pismennaya E, Terehova S, Kosilova Y, Primak A, Stanoevich U, Lisica T, Shipulin G, Gamayunov S, Kolesnikova E, Khatkov I, Gusev O, Bodunova N. Novel Pathogenic Variants in Hereditary Cancer Syndromes in a Highly Heterogeneous Cohort of Patients: Insights from Multigene Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:85. [PMID: 38201513 PMCID: PMC10778304 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major global public health challenge, affecting both quality of life and mortality. Recent advances in genetic research have uncovered hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS) that predispose individuals to malignant neoplasms. While traditional single-gene testing has focused on high-penetrance genes, the past decade has seen a shift toward multigene panels, which facilitate the analysis of multiple genes associated with specific HCS. This approach reveals variants in less-studied gene regions and improves our understanding of cancer predisposition. In a study composed of Russian patients with clinical signs of HCS, we used a multigene hereditary cancer panel and revealed 21.6% individuals with pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants. BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations predominated, followed by the CHEK2 and ATM variants. Of note, 16 previously undescribed variants were identified in the MUTYH, GALNT12, MSH2, MLH1, MLH3, EPCAM, and POLE genes. The implications of the study extend to personalized cancer prevention and treatment strategies, especially in populations lacking extensive epidemiological data, such as Russia. Overall, our research provides valuable genetic insights that give the way for further investigation and advances in the understanding and management of hereditary cancer syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airat Bilyalov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
| | - Anastasiia Danishevich
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
| | - Sergey Nikolaev
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
| | - Nikita Vorobyov
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
| | - Ivan Abramov
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
- The Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”, 105275 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana Terehova
- Kursk Regional Scientific and Clinical Center Named after G. Y. Ostroverkhov, 305524 Kursk, Russia; (S.T.); (Y.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Yuliya Kosilova
- Kursk Regional Scientific and Clinical Center Named after G. Y. Ostroverkhov, 305524 Kursk, Russia; (S.T.); (Y.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Anastasiia Primak
- Kursk Regional Scientific and Clinical Center Named after G. Y. Ostroverkhov, 305524 Kursk, Russia; (S.T.); (Y.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Uglesha Stanoevich
- Kursk Regional Scientific and Clinical Center Named after G. Y. Ostroverkhov, 305524 Kursk, Russia; (S.T.); (Y.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Tatyana Lisica
- Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - German Shipulin
- Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Gamayunov
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncologic Hospital, 603163 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena Kolesnikova
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncologic Hospital, 603163 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Igor Khatkov
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Bodunova
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
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7
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Moaddel R, Farmer CA, Yavi M, Kadriu B, Zhu M, Fan J, Chen Q, Lehrmann E, Fantoni G, De S, Mazucanti CH, Acevedo-Diaz EE, Yuan P, Gould TD, Park LT, Egan JM, Ferrucci L, Zarate CA. Cerebrospinal fluid exploratory proteomics and ketamine metabolite pharmacokinetics in human volunteers after ketamine infusion. iScience 2023; 26:108527. [PMID: 38162029 PMCID: PMC10755719 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is a treatment for both refractory depression and chronic pain syndromes. In order to explore ketamine's potential mechanism of action and whether ketamine or its metabolites cross the blood brain barrier, we examined the pharmacokinetics of ketamine and its metabolites-norketamine (NK), dehydronorketamine (DHNK), and hydroxynorketamines (HNKs)-in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as in an exploratory proteomic analysis in the CSF of nine healthy volunteers who received ketamine intravenously (0.5 mg/kg IV). We found that ketamine, NK, and (2R,6R;2S,6S)-HNK readily crossed the blood brain barrier. Additionally, 354 proteins were altered in the CSF in at least two consecutive timepoints (p < 0.01). Proteins in the classes of tyrosine kinases, cellular adhesion molecules, and growth factors, including insulin, were most affected, suggesting an interplay of altered neurotransmission, neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and neural network functions following ketamine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Cristan A. Farmer
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mani Yavi
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bashkim Kadriu
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Min Zhu
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Giovanna Fantoni
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Supriyo De
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Caio H. Mazucanti
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Elia E. Acevedo-Diaz
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peixiong Yuan
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Todd D. Gould
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lawrence T. Park
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josephine M. Egan
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Carlos A. Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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8
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Bangayan NJ, Wang L, Burton Sojo G, Noguchi M, Cheng D, Ta L, Gunn D, Mao Z, Liu S, Yin Q, Riedinger M, Li K, Wu AM, Stoyanova T, Witte ON. Dual-inhibitory domain iCARs improve the efficiency of the AND-NOT gate CAR T strategy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2312374120. [PMID: 37963244 PMCID: PMC10666036 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312374120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) T cell therapy has shown clinical success in treating hematological malignancies, but its treatment of solid tumors has been limited. One major challenge is on-target, off-tumor toxicity, where CAR T cells also damage normal tissues that express the targeted antigen. To reduce this detrimental side-effect, Boolean-logic gates like AND-NOT gates have utilized an inhibitory CAR (iCAR) to specifically curb CAR T cell activity at selected nonmalignant tissue sites. However, the strategy seems inefficient, requiring high levels of iCAR and its target antigen for inhibition. Using a TROP2-targeting iCAR with a single PD1 inhibitory domain to inhibit a CEACAM5-targeting CAR (CEACAR), we observed that the inefficiency was due to a kinetic delay in iCAR inhibition of cytotoxicity. To improve iCAR efficiency, we modified three features of the iCAR-the avidity, the affinity, and the intracellular signaling domains. Increasing the avidity but not the affinity of the iCAR led to significant reductions in the delay. iCARs containing twelve different inhibitory signaling domains were screened for improved inhibition, and three domains (BTLA, LAIR-1, and SIGLEC-9) each suppressed CAR T function but did not enhance inhibitory kinetics. When inhibitory domains of LAIR-1 or SIGLEC-9 were combined with PD-1 into a single dual-inhibitory domain iCAR (DiCARs) and tested with the CEACAR, inhibition efficiency improved as evidenced by a significant reduction in the inhibitory delay. These data indicate that a delicate balance between CAR and iCAR signaling strength and kinetics must be achieved to regulate AND-NOT gate CAR T cell selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael J. Bangayan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Giselle Burton Sojo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Miyako Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Donghui Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Lisa Ta
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Donny Gunn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Zhiyuan Mao
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Shiqin Liu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Qingqing Yin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Mireille Riedinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Keyu Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Anna M. Wu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Owen N. Witte
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
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9
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Ghiselli F, Felici M, Piva A, Grilli E. Establishment and characterization of an SV40 immortalized chicken intestinal epithelial cell line. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102864. [PMID: 37517361 PMCID: PMC10400971 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary chicken intestinal epithelial cells or 3D enteroids are a powerful tool to study the different biological mechanisms that occur in the chicken intestine. Unfortunately, they are not ideal for large-scale screening or long-term studies due to their short lifespan. Moreover, they require expensive culture media, coatings, or the usage of live embryos for each isolation. The aim of this study was to establish and characterize an immortalized chicken intestinal epithelial cell line to help the study of host-pathogen interactions in poultry. This cell line was established by transducing into primary chicken enterocytes the SV40 large-T antigen through a lentiviral vector. The transduced cells grew without changes up to 40 passages maintaining, after a differentiation phase of 48 h with epidermal growth factor, the biological properties of mature enterocytes such as alkaline phosphatase activity and tight junction formation. Immortalized enterocytes were able to generate a cytokine response during an inflammatory challenge, and showed to be susceptible to Eimeria tenella sporozoites invasion and generate a proper immune response to parasitic and lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli) stimulation. This immortalized cell line could be a cost-effective and easy-to-maintain model for all the public health, food safety, or research and pharmaceutical laboratories that study host-pathogen interactions, foodborne pathogens, and food or feed science in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Felici
- DIMEVET, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO) - University of Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Andrea Piva
- Vetagro S.p.A., Reggio Emilia 42124, Italy; DIMEVET, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO) - University of Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Ester Grilli
- DIMEVET, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO) - University of Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy; Vetagro Inc., Chicago, IL 60603, USA.
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10
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Wang T, Wang C, Wang J, Wang B. An Intrabody against B-Cell Receptor-Associated Protein 31 (BAP31) Suppresses the Glycosylation of the Epithelial Cell-Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) via Affecting the Formation of the Sec61-Translocon-Associated Protein (TRAP) Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14787. [PMID: 37834237 PMCID: PMC10572819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell-adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is hyperglycosylated in carcinoma tissue and the oncogenic function of EpCAM primarily depends on the degree of glycosylation. Inhibiting EpCAM glycosylation is expected to have an inhibitory effect on cancer. We analyzed the relationship of BAP31 with 84 kinds of tumor-associated antigens and found that BAP31 is positively correlated with the protein level of EpCAM. Triple mutations of EpCAM N76/111/198A, which are no longer modified by glycosylation, were constructed to determine whether BAP31 has an effect on the glycosylation of EpCAM. Plasmids containing different C-termini of BAP31 were constructed to identify the regions of BAP31 that affects EpCAM glycosylation. Antibodies against BAP31 (165-205) were screened from a human phage single-domain antibody library and the effect of the antibody (VH-F12) on EpCAM glycosylation and anticancer was investigated. BAP31 increases protein levels of EpCAM by promoting its glycosylation. The amino acid region from 165 to 205 in BAP31 plays an important role in regulating the glycosylation of EpCAM. The antibody VH-F12 significantly inhibited glycosylation of EpCAM which, subsequently, reduced the adhesion of gastric cancer cells, inducing cytotoxic autophagy, inhibiting the AKT-PI3K-mTOR signaling pathway, and, finally, resulting in proliferation inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we clarified that BAP31 plays a key role in promoting N-glycosylation of EpCAM by affecting the Sec61 translocation channels. Altogether, these data implied that BAP31 regulates the N-glycosylation of EpCAM and may represent a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bing Wang
- College of Life Science and Health, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110819, China; (T.W.); (C.W.); (J.W.)
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11
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Palacio-Castañeda V, van de Crommert B, Verploegen E, Overeem M, van Oostrum J, Verdurmen WP. Potent and selective eradication of tumor cells by an EpCAM-targeted Ras-degrading enzyme. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 30:16-26. [PMID: 37485031 PMCID: PMC10362089 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of efforts, an urgent need remains to develop tumor cell-selective rat sarcoma (Ras)-targeting therapies that can treat patients with Ras-driven tumors. Here we report modular engineered proteins that degrade Ras selectively in tumor cells that overexpress the tumor cell marker epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) by fusing the Ras degrader Ras-Rap1-specific endopeptidase with the translocation domain of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA) or diphtheria toxin (DT). Redirection to EpCAM is achieved by a designed ankyrin repeat protein. In two-dimensional tumor cell cultures, complete degradation of Ras proteins after 24 h was observed with EpCAM-targeted Ras degraders fused to ETA or DT in EpCAM-overexpressing MCF7 and HCT116 cells, with median inhibition concentration values at sub-nanomolar levels. The viability of EpCAM-low non-cancerous fibroblasts remained unaffected. In a three-dimensional (3D) tumor-on-a-chip system that mimics the natural tumor microenvironment, effective Ras degradation and selective toxicity toward tumor cells, particularly with the ETA-fused constructs, was determined on-chip. To conclude, we demonstrate the potential of modular engineered proteins to kill tumor cells highly selectively by simultaneously exploiting EpCAM as a tumor-specific cell surface molecule as well as Ras as an intracellular oncotarget in a 3D system mimicking the natural tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Palacio-Castañeda
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bas van de Crommert
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elke Verploegen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mike Overeem
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jenny van Oostrum
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter P.R. Verdurmen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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12
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Brugel M, Marulier T, Evrard C, Carlier C, Tougeron D, Piessen G, Truant S, Turpin A, Williet N, Botsen D, Brasseur M, Perrier M, Bouché O. Genetic counselling referral practices for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A French retrospective multicentre observational cohort study (CAPANCOGEN). Pancreatology 2023; 23:622-629. [PMID: 37394294 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Genetic counselling (GC) is a key step in the identification of inherited germline mutations. However, the oncogenetic practices are poorly described for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) in Europe. The CAPANCOGEN study aimed to describe the GC referral practices in France and assess the implementation of international guidelines in patients with PA. METHODS Information about GC referrals with PA was collected in 13 French centres from September 2019 to October 2021. In the 5 largest centres, personal and familial histories of cancers and diseases associated with a higher risk of germline mutations were collected in 460 patients, according to international, American, European and French GC referral guidelines. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the factors influencing GC referral. RESULTS Among 833 patients, a total of 100 patients (12%) had an indication of GC according to local multidisciplinary tumour board meetings (MTBM). Among these patients, 41% did not undergo GC. The median time between MTBM and GC was 55 days (IQR: 14.5-112). Among 460 patients with collected personal and familial history, 31.5% were not referred to a GC despite an existing indication. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, suspected CDKN2A (p = 0.032) or BRCA mutation (p < 0.001), familial pancreatic cancer history (p < 0.001) and controlled disease with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (p < 0.001) increased the referral rate. Conversely, older age (p = 0.002) and a locally advanced PA (p = 0.045) decreased the risk of GC referral. CONCLUSIONS GC referral is inadequate despite valuable information in patients' medical files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Brugel
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Department of Digestive Oncology, CHU Reims, Reims, France.
| | - Thibault Marulier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Department of Digestive Oncology, CHU Reims, Reims, France
| | - Camille Evrard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Claire Carlier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Department of Digestive Oncology, CHU Reims, Reims, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Godinot Cancer Institute, Reims, France
| | - David Tougeron
- Department of Hepato-Gastro-enterology, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Guillaume Piessen
- Department of Digestive and Oncological Surgery, CHRU Lille, CANTHER Laboratory Inserm UMR-S1277, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Truant
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation Department, CHRU Lille, CANTHER Laboratory Inserm UMR-S1277, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anthony Turpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHU Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277, Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Williet
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, CHU Saint Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Damien Botsen
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Department of Digestive Oncology, CHU Reims, Reims, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Godinot Cancer Institute, Reims, France
| | - Mathilde Brasseur
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Department of Digestive Oncology, CHU Reims, Reims, France
| | - Marine Perrier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Department of Digestive Oncology, CHU Reims, Reims, France
| | - Olivier Bouché
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Department of Digestive Oncology, CHU Reims, Reims, France
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13
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Dushime H, Moreno SG, Linard C, Adrait A, Couté Y, Peltzer J, Messiaen S, Torres C, Bensemmane L, Lewandowski D, Romeo PH, Petit V, Gault N. Fetal Muse-based therapy prevents lethal radio-induced gastrointestinal syndrome by intestinal regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:201. [PMID: 37568164 PMCID: PMC10416451 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human multilineage-differentiating stress enduring (Muse) cells are nontumorigenic endogenous pluripotent-like stem cells that can be easily obtained from various adult or fetal tissues. Regenerative effects of Muse cells have been shown in some disease models. Muse cells specifically home in damaged tissues where they exert pleiotropic effects. Exposition of the small intestine to high doses of irradiation (IR) delivered after radiotherapy or nuclear accident results in a lethal gastrointestinal syndrome (GIS) characterized by acute loss of intestinal stem cells, impaired epithelial regeneration and subsequent loss of the mucosal barrier resulting in sepsis and death. To date, there is no effective medical treatment for GIS. Here, we investigate whether Muse cells can prevent lethal GIS and study how they act on intestinal stem cell microenvironment to promote intestinal regeneration. METHODS Human Muse cells from Wharton's jelly matrix of umbilical cord (WJ-Muse) were sorted by flow cytometry using the SSEA-3 marker, characterized and compared to bone-marrow derived Muse cells (BM-Muse). Under gas anesthesia, GIS mice were treated or not through an intravenous retro-orbital injection of 50,000 WJ-Muse, freshly isolated or cryopreserved, shortly after an 18 Gy-abdominal IR. No immunosuppressant was delivered to the mice. Mice were euthanized either 24 h post-IR to assess early small intestine tissue response, or 7 days post-IR to assess any regenerative response. Mouse survival, histological stainings, apoptosis and cell proliferation were studied and measurement of cytokines, recruitment of immune cells and barrier functional assay were performed. RESULTS Injection of WJ-Muse shortly after abdominal IR highly improved mouse survival as a result of a rapid regeneration of intestinal epithelium with the rescue of the impaired epithelial barrier. In small intestine of Muse-treated mice, an early enhanced secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1 cytokines was observed associated with (1) recruitment of monocytes/M2-like macrophages and (2) proliferation of Paneth cells through activation of the IL-6/Stat3 pathway. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that a single injection of a small quantity of WJ-Muse may be a new and easy therapeutic strategy for treating lethal GIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorine Dushime
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches (LRTS), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRTS/iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stéphanie G Moreno
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches (LRTS), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRTS/iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christine Linard
- Laboratory of Medical Radiobiology, Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Annie Adrait
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, FR2048, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, FR2048, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Juliette Peltzer
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 92141, Clamart, France
- UMR-S-MD 1197, Ministère des Armées et Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Sébastien Messiaen
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches (LRTS), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRTS/iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Claire Torres
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches (LRTS), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRTS/iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lydia Bensemmane
- Laboratory of Medical Radiobiology, Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Daniel Lewandowski
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches (LRTS), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRTS/iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Paul-Henri Romeo
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches (LRTS), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRTS/iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Vanessa Petit
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches (LRTS), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRTS/iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Nathalie Gault
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches (LRTS), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRTS/iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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14
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Golubovskaya V, Sienkiewicz J, Sun J, Huang Y, Hu L, Zhou H, Harto H, Xu S, Berahovich R, Bodmer W, Wu L. mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Delivery of Humanized EpCAM-CD3 Bispecific Antibody Significantly Blocks Colorectal Cancer Tumor Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2860. [PMID: 37345198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is often overexpressed in many types of tumors, including colorectal cancer. We sequenced and humanized an EpCAM mouse antibody and used it to develop bispecific EpCAM-CD3 antibodies. Three different designs were used to generate bispecific antibodies such as EpCAM-CD3 CrossMab knob-in-hole, EpCAM ScFv-CD3 ScFv (BITE), and EpCAM ScFv-CD3 ScFv-human Fc designs. These antibody designs showed strong and specific binding to the EpCAM-positive Lovo cell line and T cells, specifically killed EpCAM-positive Lovo cells and not EpCAM-negative Colo741 cells in the presence of T cells, and increased T cells' IFN-gamma secretion in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, transfection of HEK-293 cells with EpCAM ScFv-CD3 ScFv human Fc mRNA-LNPs resulted in antibody secretion that killed Lovo cells and did not kill EpCAM-negative Colo741 cells. The antibody increased IFN-gamma secretion against Lovo target cells and did not increase it against Colo741 target cells. EpCAM-CD3 hFc mRNA-LNP transfection of several cancer cell lines (A1847, C30, OVCAR-5) also demonstrated functional bispecific antibody secretion. In addition, intratumoral delivery of the EpCAM-CD3 human Fc mRNA-LNPs into OVCAR-5 tumor xenografts combined with intravenous injection of T cells significantly blocked xenograft tumor growth. Thus, EpCAM-CD3 hFc mRNA-LNP delivery to tumor cells shows strong potential for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Sienkiewicz
- Promab Biotechnologies, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
| | - Jinying Sun
- Promab Biotechnologies, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
| | - Yanwei Huang
- Promab Biotechnologies, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
| | - Liang Hu
- Promab Biotechnologies, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- Promab Biotechnologies, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
| | - Hizkia Harto
- Promab Biotechnologies, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
| | - Shirley Xu
- Promab Biotechnologies, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
| | | | - Walter Bodmer
- Cancer & Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Lijun Wu
- Promab Biotechnologies, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
- Forevertek Biotechnology, Janshan Road, Changsha Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Changsha 410205, China
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15
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Dressler FF, Hinrichs S, Roesch MC, Perner S. EpCAM tumor specificity and proteoform patterns in urothelial cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04809-9. [PMID: 37154925 PMCID: PMC10374485 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in cancer is still unclear. EpCAM cleavage through regulated intramembrane proteolysis results in fragments which interact with both oncogenic and tumor suppressive pathways. Additionally, the EpCAM molecule itself is used as a descriptive therapeutic target in urothelial cancer (UC), while data on its actual tumor specificity remain limited. METHODS Samples from diagnostic formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) UC tissue and fresh-frozen UC cells were immunoblotted and used for qualitative characterization of five different EpCAM fragments. These expression patterns were quantified across a cohort of 76 samples with 52 UC and 24 normal urothelial samples. Cell viability effects of the extracellular EpEX fragment were assessed in the UC cell lines T24 and HT1376. RESULTS The proteolytic EpCAM fragments could be identified in clinical FFPE tissue specimens too. Neither overall nor fragment-specific EpCAM expression showed relevant tumor specificity. EpEX and its deglycosylated variant showed an inverse relationship across healthy and tumor tissue with a decrease of deglycosylated EpEX in tumors. However, extracellular EpEX did not show a relevant effect in vitro. CONCLUSIONS EpCAM should not be regarded as tumor-specific in UC without patient-specific predictive testing. EpCAM fragment patterns indicate cancer-specific changes and could be involved in its complex tumor-biological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz F Dressler
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Sofie Hinrichs
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marie C Roesch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Hematopathology, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Neto Í, Rocha J, Gaspar MM, Reis CP. Experimental Murine Models for Colorectal Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092570. [PMID: 37174036 PMCID: PMC10177088 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent malignancy worldwide and in both sexes. Numerous animal models for CRC have been established to study its biology, namely carcinogen-induced models (CIMs) and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). CIMs are valuable for assessing colitis-related carcinogenesis and studying chemoprevention. On the other hand, CRC GEMMs have proven to be useful for evaluating the tumor microenvironment and systemic immune responses, which have contributed to the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches. Although metastatic disease can be induced by orthotopic injection of CRC cell lines, the resulting models are not representative of the full genetic diversity of the disease due to the limited number of cell lines suitable for this purpose. On the other hand, patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are the most reliable for preclinical drug development due to their ability to retain pathological and molecular characteristics. In this review, the authors discuss the various murine CRC models with a focus on their clinical relevance, benefits, and drawbacks. From all models discussed, murine CRC models will continue to be an important tool in advancing our understanding and treatment of this disease, but additional research is required to find a model that can correctly reflect the pathophysiology of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íris Neto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Rocha
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina P Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Park E, Kim W, Guo S, Jin S, Park Y, Park J, Yoo HS, Park JH, Jung YM. Highly selective and quantitative in situ monitoring of cell surface proteins by SERS immunoassay system. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 234:115366. [PMID: 37148802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their pivotal roles in many biological functions, cell surface proteins (CSPs) are often used for cancer prognosis, as evidenced by a number of studies that have reported significant changes in the expression levels of specific surface proteins depending on the stage of tumorigenesis and selection/variety of reprogrammed cells during cell fate conversion. Current CSP detection strategies suffer from poor selectivity and lack the ability for in situ analysis but maintain the spatial information between cells. Here, we have fabricated nanoprobes for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) immunoassays by conjugating a specific antibody onto silica-coated gold nanoparticles incorporating an individual Raman reporter (Au-tag@SiO2-Ab NPs) for highly sensitive and selective in situ detection in different types of cells. When multiple HEK293 cell lines stably expressing different levels of the CSP, ACE2, were investigated by the SERS immunoassay, we demonstrated that the level of ACE2 expression in each cell line could be statistically distinguished from that in the other cell lines, indicating the quantitative feature of this biosensing system. When detecting living cells without cell lysis or fixation, as well as fixed cells, the levels of the epithelial CSPs, EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) and E-cadherin, were successfully determined using our Au-tag@SiO2-Ab NPs and SERS immunoassay system in a highly selective and quantitative manner without significant cytotoxicity. Hence, our work provides technical insight into the development of a biosensing platform for a variety of biomedical applications, such as cancer metastasis prognosis and the in situ monitoring of stem cell reprogramming and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eungyeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wijin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuang Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sila Jin
- Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonju Park
- Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea; Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Mee Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea; Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Tous C, Muñoz-Redondo C, Bravo-Gil N, Gavilan A, Fernández RM, Antiñolo J, Navarro-González E, Antiñolo G, Borrego S. Identification of Novel Candidate Genes for Familial Thyroid Cancer by Whole Exome Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097843. [PMID: 37175550 PMCID: PMC10178269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma (TC) can be classified as medullary (MTC) and non-medullary (NMTC). While most TCs are sporadic, familial forms of MTC and NMTC also exist (less than 1% and 3-9% of all TC cases, respectively). Germline mutations in RET are found in more than 95% of familial MTC, whereas familial NMTC shows a high degree of genetic heterogeneity. Herein, we aimed to identify susceptibility genes for familial NMTC and non-RET MTC by whole exome sequencing in 58 individuals belonging to 18 Spanish families with these carcinomas. After data analysis, 53 rare candidate segregating variants were identified in 12 of the families, 7 of them located in previously TC-associated genes. Although no common mutated genes were detected, biological processes regulating functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and adhesion were enriched. The reported functions of the identified genes together with pathogenicity and structural predictions, reinforced the candidacy of 36 of them, suggesting new loci related to TC and novel genotype-phenotype correlations. Therefore, our strategy provides clues to possible molecular mechanisms underlying familial forms of MTC and NMTC. These new molecular findings and clinical data of patients may be helpful for the early detection, development of tailored therapies and optimizing patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tous
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Redondo
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Nereida Bravo-Gil
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Angela Gavilan
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Raquel María Fernández
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Antiñolo
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro-González
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Guillermo Antiñolo
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Salud Borrego
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
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19
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Negahdary M, Angnes L. Recent advances in electrochemical nanomaterial-based aptasensors for the detection of cancer biomarkers. Talanta 2023; 259:124548. [PMID: 37062088 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
New technologies have provided suitable tools for rapid diagnosis of cancer which can reduce treatment costs and even increase patients' survival rates. Recently, the development of electrochemical aptamer-based nanobiosensors has raised great hopes for early, sensitive, selective, and low-cost cancer diagnosis. Here, we reviewed the flagged recent research (2021-2023) developed as a series of biosensors equipped with nanomaterials and aptamer sequences (nanoaptasensors) to diagnose/prognosis of various types of cancers. Equipping these aptasensors with nanomaterials and using advanced biomolecular technologies have provided specified biosensing interfaces for more optimal and reliable detection of cancer biomarkers. The primary intention of this review was to present and categorize the latest innovations used in the design of these diagnostic tools, including the hottest surface modifications and assembly of sensing bioplatforms considering diagnostic mechanisms. The main classification is based on applying various nanomaterials and sub-classifications considered based on the type of analyte and other vital features. This review may help design subsequent electrochemical aptasensors. Likewise, the up-to-date status, remaining limitations, and possible paths for translating aptasensors to clinical cancer assay tools can be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Negahdary
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Lúcio Angnes
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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20
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Hu M, Zhang R, Yang J, Zhao C, Liu W, Huang Y, Lyu H, Xiao S, Guo D, Zhou C, Tang J. The role of N-glycosylation modification in the pathogenesis of liver cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:222. [PMID: 36990999 PMCID: PMC10060418 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is one of the most common types of protein modifications and it plays a vital role in normal physiological processes. However, aberrant N-glycan modifications are closely associated with the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, including processes such as malignant transformation and tumor progression. It is known that the N-glycan conformation of the associated glycoproteins is altered during different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. Characterizing the heterogeneity and biological functions of glycans in liver cancer patients will facilitate a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of liver injury and hepatocarcinogenesis. In this article, we review the role of N-glycosylation in hepatocarcinogenesis, focusing on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix changes, and tumor microenvironment formation. We highlight the role of N-glycosylation in the pathogenesis of liver cancer and its potential applications in the treatment or diagnosis of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Hu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaren Yang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenshu Zhao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Guo
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cefan Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
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21
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Wang J, Dallmann R, Lu R, Yan J, Charmet J. Flow Rate-Independent Multiscale Liquid Biopsy for Precision Oncology. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1200-1210. [PMID: 36802518 PMCID: PMC10043932 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunoaffinity-based liquid biopsies of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) hold great promise for cancer management but typically suffer from low throughput, relative complexity, and postprocessing limitations. Here, we address these issues simultaneously by decoupling and independently optimizing the nano-, micro-, and macro-scales of an enrichment device that is simple to fabricate and operate. Unlike other affinity-based devices, our scalable mesh approach enables optimum capture conditions at any flow rate, as demonstrated with constant capture efficiencies, above 75% between 50 and 200 μL min-1. The device achieved 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity when used to detect CTCs in the blood of 79 cancer patients and 20 healthy controls. We demonstrate its postprocessing capacity with the identification of potential responders to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapy and the detection of HER2 positive breast cancer. The results compare well with other assays, including clinical standards. This suggests that our approach, which overcomes major limitations associated with affinity-based liquid biopsies, could help improve cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Institute
for Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Robert Dallmann
- Division
of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U. K.
| | - Renquan Lu
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University
Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Holosensor
Medical Technology Ltd., Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jérôme Charmet
- Division
of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U. K.
- WMG
University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- School of
Engineering − HE-Arc Ingénierie, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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22
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Characterization of human anti-EpCAM antibodies for developing an antibody-drug conjugate. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4225. [PMID: 36918661 PMCID: PMC10015092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously generated fully human antibody-producing TC-mAb mice for obtaining potential therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study, we investigated 377 clones of fully human mAbs against a tumor antigen, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), to determine their antigen binding properties. We revealed that a wide variety of mAbs against EpCAM can be obtained from TC-mAb mice by the combination of epitope mapping analysis of mAbs to EpCAM and native conformational recognition analysis. Analysis of 72 mAbs reacting with the native form of EpCAM indicated that the EpCL region (amino acids 24-80) is more antigenic than the EpRE region (81-265), consistent with numerous previous studies. To evaluate the potential of mAbs against antibody-drug conjugates, mAbs were directly labeled with DM1, a maytansine derivative, using an affinity peptide-based chemical conjugation (CCAP) method. The cytotoxicity of the conjugates against a human colon cancer cell line could be clearly detected with high-affinity as well as low-affinity mAbs by the CCAP method, suggesting the advantage of this method. Thus, this study demonstrated that TC-mAb mice can provide a wide variety of antibodies and revealed an effective way of identifying candidates for fully human ADC therapeutics.
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23
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Mueller JPJ, Dobosz M, O’Brien N, Abdoush N, Giusti AM, Lechmann M, Osl F, Wolf AK, Arellano-Viera E, Shaikh H, Sauer M, Rosenwald A, Herting F, Umaña P, Colombetti S, Pöschinger T, Beilhack A. ROCKETS - a novel one-for-all toolbox for light sheet microscopy in drug discovery. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1034032. [PMID: 36845124 PMCID: PMC9945347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1034032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancing novel immunotherapy strategies requires refined tools in preclinical research to thoroughly assess drug targets, biodistribution, safety, and efficacy. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) offers unprecedented fast volumetric ex vivo imaging of large tissue samples in high resolution. Yet, to date laborious and unstandardized tissue processing procedures have limited throughput and broader applications in immunological research. Therefore, we developed a simple and harmonized protocol for processing, clearing and imaging of all mouse organs and even entire mouse bodies. Applying this Rapid Optical Clearing Kit for Enhanced Tissue Scanning (ROCKETS) in combination with LSFM allowed us to comprehensively study the in vivo biodistribution of an antibody targeting Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) in 3D. Quantitative high-resolution scans of whole organs did not only reveal known EpCAM expression patterns but, importantly, uncovered several new EpCAM-binding sites. We identified gustatory papillae of the tongue, choroid plexi in the brain and duodenal papillae as previously unanticipated locations of high EpCAM expression. Subsequently, we confirmed high EpCAM expression also in human tongue and duodenal specimens. Choroid plexi and duodenal papillae may be considered as particularly sensitive sites due to their importance for liquor production or as critical junctions draining bile and digestive pancreatic enzymes into the small bowel, respectively. These newly gained insights appear highly relevant for clinical translation of EpCAM-addressing immunotherapies. Thus, ROCKETS in combination with LSFM may help to set new standards for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapeutic strategies. In conclusion, we propose ROCKETS as an ideal platform for a broader application of LSFM in immunological research optimally suited for quantitative co-localization studies of immunotherapeutic drugs and defined cell populations in the microanatomical context of organs or even whole mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg P. J. Mueller
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF) Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Michael Dobosz
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Nils O’Brien
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Nassri Abdoush
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Glycart AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Martin Lechmann
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Franz Osl
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Wolf
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF) Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Estibaliz Arellano-Viera
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF) Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Haroon Shaikh
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF) Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Herting
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Glycart AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sara Colombetti
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Glycart AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pöschinger
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF) Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
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24
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Ritch SJ, Noman ASM, Goyeneche AA, Telleria CM. The metastatic capacity of high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells changes along disease progression: inhibition by mifepristone. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:397. [PMID: 36494669 PMCID: PMC9733158 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simplistic two-dimensional (2D) in vitro assays have long been the standard for studying the metastatic abilities of cancer cells. However, tri-dimensional (3D) organotypic models provide a more complex environment, closer to that seen in patients, and thereby provide a more accurate representation of their true capabilities. Our laboratory has previously shown that the antiprogestin and antiglucocorticoid mifepristone can reduce the growth, adhesion, migration, and invasion of various aggressive cancer cells assessed using 2D assays. In this study, we characterize the metastatic capabilities of high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells generated along disease progression, in both 2D and 3D assays, and the ability of cytostatic doses of mifepristone to inhibit them. METHODS High-grade serous ovarian cancer cells collected from two separate patients at different stages of their disease were used throughout the study. The 2D wound healing and Boyden chamber assays were used to study migration, while a layer of extracellular matrix was added to the Boyden chamber to study invasion. A 3D organotypic model, composed of fibroblasts embedded in collagen I and topped with a monolayer of mesothelial cells was used to further study cancer cell adhesion and mesothelial displacement. All assays were studied in cells, which were originally harvested from two patients at different stages of disease progression, in the absence or presence of cytostatic doses of mifepristone. RESULTS 2D in vitro assays demonstrated that the migration and invasive rates of the cells isolated from both patients decreased along disease progression. Conversely, in both patients, cells representing late-stage disease demonstrated a higher adhesion capacity to the 3D organotypic model than those representing an early-stage disease. This adhesive behavior is associated with the in vivo tumor capacity of the cells. Regardless of these differences in adhesive, migratory, and invasive behavior among the experimental protocols used, cytostatic doses of mifepristone were able to inhibit the adhesion, migration, and invasion rates of all cells studied, regardless of their basal capabilities over simplistic or organotypic metastatic in vitro model systems. Finally, we demonstrate that when cells acquire the capacity to grow spontaneously as spheroids, they do attach to a 3D organotypic model system when pre-incubated with conditioned media. Of relevance, mifepristone was able to cause dissociation of these multicellular structures. CONCLUSION Differences in cellular behaviours were observed between 2 and 3D assays when studying the metastatic capabilities of high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells representing disease progression. Mifepristone inhibited these metastatic capabilities in all assays studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina J. Ritch
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Abu Shadat M. Noman
- grid.413089.70000 0000 9744 3393Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chittagong University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Alicia A. Goyeneche
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Cancer Research Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Carlos M. Telleria
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Cancer Research Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
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25
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Zia S, Tehreem K, Batool S, Ishfaq M, Mirza SB, Khan S, Almashjary MN, Hazzazi MS, Qanash H, Shaikh A, Baty RS, Jafri I, Alsubhi NH, Alrefaei GI, Sami R, Shahid R. Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule ( EpCAM) Expression Can Be Modulated via NFκB. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112985. [PMID: 36428553 PMCID: PMC9687693 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is considered an essential proliferation signature in cancer. In the current research study, qPCR induced expression of EpCAM was noted in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases. Costunolide, a sesquiterpene lactone found in crepe ginger and lettuce, is a medicinal herb with anticancer properties. Expression of EpCAM and its downstream target genes (Myc and TERT) wasdownregulated upon treatment with costunolide in Jurkat cells. A significant change in the telomere length of Jurkat cells was not noted at 72 h of costunolide treatment. An in silico study revealed hydrophobic interactions between EpCAM extracellular domain and Myc bHLH with costunolide. Reduced expression of NFκB, a transcription factor of EpCAM, Myc, and TERT in costunolide-treated Jurkat cells, suggested that costunolide inhibits gene expression by targeting NFκB and its downstream targets. Overall, the study proposes that costunolide could be a promising therapeutic biomolecule for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadiya Zia
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Komal Tehreem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Batool
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Mehreen Ishfaq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Shaher Bano Mirza
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Shahrukh Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Majed N. Almashjary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohannad S. Hazzazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam Qanash
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Shaikh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roua S. Baty
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Jafri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf H. Alsubhi
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdul Aziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer I. Alrefaei
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rokayya Sami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramla Shahid
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
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Güvenoğlu M, Şimşek-Kiper PÖ, Koşukcu C, Taskiran EZ, Saltık-Temizel İN, Gucer S, Utine E, Boduroğlu K. Homozygous Missense Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Variant in a Patient with Congenital Tufting Enteropathy and Literature Review. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2022; 25:441-452. [PMID: 36451688 PMCID: PMC9679307 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2022.25.6.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital diarrheal disorders (CDDs) with genetic etiology are uncommon hereditary intestinal diseases characterized by chronic, life-threatening, intractable watery diarrhea that starts in infancy. CDDs can be mechanistically divided into osmotic and secretory diarrhea. Congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE), also known as intestinal epithelial dysplasia, is a type of secretory CDD. CTE is a rare autosomal recessive enteropathy that presents with intractable neonatal-onset diarrhea, intestinal failure, severe malnutrition, and parenteral nutrition dependence. Villous atrophy of the intestinal epithelium, crypt hyperplasia, and irregularity of surface enterocytes are the specific pathological findings of CTE. The small intestine and occasionally the colonic mucosa include focal epithelial tufts. In 2008, Sivagnanam et al. discovered that mutations in the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM, MIM# 185535) were the genetic cause of CTE (MIM# 613217). More than a hundred mutations have been reported to date. Furthermore, mutations in the serine peptidase inhibitor Kunitz type 2 (SPINT2, MIM# 605124) have been linked to syndromic CTE. In this study, we report the case of a 17-month-old male infant with congenital diarrhea. Despite extensive etiological workup, no etiology could be established before admission to our center. The patient died 15 hours after being admitted to our center in a metabolically decompensated state, probably due to a delay in admission and diagnosis. Molecular autopsy with exome sequencing revealed a previously reported homozygous missense variant, c.757G>A, in EpCAM, which was confirmed by histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Güvenoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Can Koşukcu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ekim Z Taskiran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İnci Nur Saltık-Temizel
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Safak Gucer
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eda Utine
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Boduroğlu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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27
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Cessna H, Baritaki S, Zaravinos A, Bonavida B. The Role of RKIP in the Regulation of EMT in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194596. [PMID: 36230521 PMCID: PMC9559516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) expression in cancer cells is significantly reduced and promoting cancer cells growth and invasiveness. Overexpresssion of RKIP has been reported to mediate pleiotropic anti-cancer activities including the inhibition of survival signaling pathways, sensitization to cell death by cytotoxic drugs, inhibition of invasion, EMT and metastasis. The molecular mechanism by which RKIP inhibits EMT is not clear. In this review, we have examined how RKIP inhibits the selected EMT gene products (Snail, vimentin, N-cadherin, laminin alpha) and found that it involves signaling cross-talks between RKIP and each of the EMT gene products. These findings were validated by bioinformatic analyses demonstrating in various human cancers a negative correlation between the expression of RKIP and the expression of the EMT gene products. These findings suggest that targeting RKIP induction in cancer cells will result in multiple hits by inhibiting tumor growth, metastasis and reversal of chemo-immuno resistance. Abstract The Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein (RKIP) is a unique gene product that directly inhibits the Raf/Mek/Erk and NF-kB pathways in cancer cells and resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation, viability, EMT, and metastasis. Additionally, RKIP is involved in the regulation of cancer cell resistance to both chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The low expression of RKIP expression in many cancer types is responsible, in part, for the pathogenesis of cancer and its multiple properties. The inhibition of EMT and metastasis by RKIP led to its classification as a tumor suppressor. However, the mechanism by which RKIP mediates its inhibitory effects on EMT and metastases was not clear. We have proposed that one mechanism involves the negative regulation by RKIP of the expression of various gene products that mediate the mesenchymal phenotype as well as the positive regulation of gene products that mediate the epithelial phenotype via signaling cross talks between RKIP and each gene product. We examined several EMT mesenchymal gene products such as Snail, vimentin, N-cadherin, laminin and EPCAM and epithelial gene products such as E-cadherin and laminin. We have found that indeed these negative and positive correlations were detected in the signaling cross-talks. In addition, we have also examined bioinformatic data sets on different human cancers and the findings corroborated, in large part, the findings observed in the signaling cross-talks with few exceptions in some cancer types. The overall findings support the underlying mechanism by which the tumor suppressor RKIP regulates the expression of gene products involved in EMT and metastasis. Hence, the development of agent that can selectively induce RKIP expression in cancers with low expressions should result in the activation of the pleiotropic anti-cancer activities of RKIP and resulting in multiple effects including inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, EMT, metastasis and sensitization of resistant tumor cells to respond to both chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Cessna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stavroula Baritaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
- Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence:
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Hasannia M, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM, Nekooei S, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Synthesis of doxorubicin-loaded peptosomes hybridized with gold nanorod for targeted drug delivery and CT imaging of metastatic breast cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:391. [PMID: 36045404 PMCID: PMC9429417 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer nanomedicines based on synthetic polypeptides have attracted much attention due to their superior biocompatibility and biodegradability, stimuli responsive capability through secondary conformation change, adjustable functionalities for various cargos such as peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and small therapeutic molecules. Recently, a few nanoformulations based on polypeptides comprising NK105, NC6004, NK911, CT2103, have entered phase I-III clinical trials for advanced solid tumors therapy. In the current study, we prepared polypeptide-based vesicles called peptosome via self-assembly of amphiphilic polypeptide-based PEG-PBLG diblock copolymer. RESULTS In this regard, poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate (PBLG) was synthesized via ring opening polymerization (ROP) of γ-benzyl L-glutamate-N-carboxyanhydride (BLG-NCA) using N-hexylamine as initiator. Then amine-terminated PBLG was covalently conjugated to heterofuctional maleimide PEG-carboxylic acid or methyl-PEG-carboxylic acid. The PEG-PBLG peptosomes were prepared through double emulsion method for the co-delivery of doxorubicin.HCl and gold nanorods as hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents in interior compartment and membrane of peptosomes, respectively (Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX) that DOX encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were determined 42 ± 3.6 and 1.68 ± 3.6. Then, theranostic peptosomes were decorated with thiol-functionalized EpCAM aptamer throught thiol-maleimide reaction producing Apt-Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX for targeted delivery. The non-targeted and targeted peptosomes showed 165.5 ± 1.1 and 185 ± 4.7 nm diameters, respectively while providing sustained, controlled release of DOX. Furthermore, non-targeted and targeted peptosomes showed considerable serum stability. In vitro study on MCF-7 and 4T1 cells showed significantly higher cytotoxicity for Apt-Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX in comparison with Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX while both system did not show any difference in cytotoxicity against CHO cell line. Furthermore, Apt-Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX illustrated higher cellular uptake toward EpCAM-overexpressing 4T1 cells compared to Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX. In preclinical stage, therapeutic and diagnostic capability of the prepared Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX and Apt-Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX were investigated implementing subcutaneous 4T1 tumor model in BALB/c mice. The obtained data indicated highest therapeutic index for Apt-Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX compared to Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX and free DOX. Moreover, the prepared system showed capability of CT imaging of tumor tissue in 4T1 tumorized mice through tumor accumulation even 24 h post-administration. CONCLUSION In this regard, the synthesized theranostic peptosomes offer innovative hybrid multipurpose platform for fighting against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Hasannia
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sirous Nekooei
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Zannad F, Ferreira JP, Butler J, Filippatos G, Januzzi JL, Sumin M, Zwick M, Saadati M, Pocock SJ, Sattar N, Anker SD, Packer M. Effect of empagliflozin on circulating proteomics in heart failure: mechanistic insights into the EMPEROR programme. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:4991-5002. [PMID: 36017745 PMCID: PMC9769969 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve cardiovascular outcomes in diverse patient populations, but their mechanism of action requires further study. The aim is to explore the effect of empagliflozin on the circulating levels of intracellular proteins in patients with heart failure, using large-scale proteomics. METHODS AND RESULTS Over 1250 circulating proteins were measured at baseline, Week 12, and Week 52 in 1134 patients from EMPEROR-Reduced and EMPEROR-Preserved, using the Olink® Explore 1536 platform. Statistical and bioinformatical analyses identified differentially expressed proteins (empagliflozin vs. placebo), which were then linked to demonstrated biological actions in the heart and kidneys. At Week 12, 32 of 1283 proteins fulfilled our threshold for being differentially expressed, i.e. their levels were changed by ≥10% with a false discovery rate <1% (empagliflozin vs. placebo). Among these, nine proteins demonstrated the largest treatment effect of empagliflozin: insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1, transferrin receptor protein 1, carbonic anhydrase 2, erythropoietin, protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, thymosin beta-10, U-type mitochondrial creatine kinase, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4, and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 4. The changes of the proteins from baseline to Week 52 were generally concordant with the changes from the baseline to Week 12, except empagliflozin reduced levels of kidney injury molecule-1 by ≥10% at Week 52, but not at Week 12. The most common biological action of differentially expressed proteins appeared to be the promotion of autophagic flux in the heart, kidney or endothelium, a feature of 6 proteins. Other effects of differentially expressed proteins on the heart included the reduction of oxidative stress, inhibition of inflammation and fibrosis, and the enhancement of mitochondrial health and energy, repair, and regenerative capacity. The actions of differentially expressed proteins in the kidney involved promotion of autophagy, integrity and regeneration, suppression of renal inflammation and fibrosis, and modulation of renal tubular sodium reabsorption. CONCLUSIONS Changes in circulating protein levels in patients with heart failure are consistent with the findings of experimental studies that have shown that the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors are likely related to actions on the heart and kidney to promote autophagic flux, nutrient deprivation signalling and transmembrane sodium transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiez Zannad
- Corresponding author. Tel: +33 3 83 15 73 15, Fax: +33 3 83 15 73 24, Emails: ;
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- Corresponding author. Tel: +33 3 83 15 73 15, Fax: +33 3 83 15 73 24, Emails: ;
| | - Javed Butler
- Heart and Vascular Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, 34 Live Oak St Ste 501, Dallas, TX 75204, USA,University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Heart Failure Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Mikras Asias 75, Athina 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - James L Januzzi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114USA,The Baim Institute for Clinical Research, 930 Commonwealth Ave #3, Boston, MA 02215USA
| | - Mikhail Sumin
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Binger Str. 173, 55218 Ingelheim am RheinGermany
| | - Matthias Zwick
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der RissGermany
| | - Maral Saadati
- Elderbrook Solutions GmbH on behalf of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HTUK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF, UK School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TAUK
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK) Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany,Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Hospital, Baylor University Medical Center, 621 N Hall St, Dallas, TX 75226, USA,Imperial College, London, Exhibition Rd, South Kensington, London SW7 2BX, UK
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30
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Sputum analysis by flow cytometry; an effective platform to analyze the lung environment. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272069. [PMID: 35976857 PMCID: PMC9385012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) is the standard of care for lung cancer screening in the United States (US). LDCT has a sensitivity of 93.8% but its specificity of 73.4% leads to potentially harmful follow-up procedures in patients without lung cancer. Thus, there is a need for additional assays with high accuracy that can be used as an adjunct to LDCT to diagnose lung cancer. Sputum is a biological fluid that can be obtained non-invasively and can be dissociated to release its cellular contents, providing a snapshot of the lung environment. We obtained sputum from current and former smokers with a 30+ pack-year smoking history and who were either confirmed to have lung cancer or at high risk of developing the disease. Dissociated sputum cells were counted, viability determined, and labeled with a panel of markers to separate leukocytes from non-leukocytes. After excluding debris and dead cells, including squamous epithelial cells, we identified reproducible population signatures and confirmed the samples’ lung origin. In addition to leukocyte and epithelial-specific fluorescent antibodies, we used the highly fluorescent meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP), known to preferentially stain cancer (associated) cells. We looked for differences in cell characteristics, population size and fluorescence intensity that could be useful in distinguishing cancer samples from high-risk samples. We present our data demonstrating the feasibility of a flow cytometry platform to analyze sputum in a high-throughput and standardized matter for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
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31
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Nargund AM, Xu C, Mandoli A, Okabe A, Chen GB, Huang KK, Sheng T, Yao X, Teo JMN, Sundar R, Kok YJ, See YX, Xing M, Li Z, Yong CH, Anand A, A I ZF, Poon LF, Ng MSW, Koh JYP, Ooi WF, Tay ST, Ong X, Tan ALK, Grabsch HI, Fullwood MJ, Teh TB, Bi X, Kaneda A, Li S, Tan P. Chromatin Rewiring by Mismatch Repair Protein MSH2 Alters Cell Adhesion Pathways and Sensitivity to BET Inhibition in Gastric Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2538-2551. [PMID: 35583999 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the DNA mismatch repair gene MSH2 are causative of microsatellite instability (MSI) in multiple cancers. Here, we discovered that besides its well-established role in DNA repair, MSH2 exerts a novel epigenomic function in gastric cancer. Unbiased CRISPR-based mass spectrometry combined with genome-wide CRISPR functional screening revealed that in early-stage gastric cancer MSH2 genomic binding is not randomly distributed but rather is associated specifically with tumor-associated super-enhancers controlling the expression of cell adhesion genes. At these loci, MSH2 genomic binding was required for chromatin rewiring, de novo enhancer-promoter interactions, maintenance of histone acetylation levels, and regulation of cell adhesion pathway expression. The chromatin function of MSH2 was independent of its DNA repair catalytic activity but required MSH6, another DNA repair gene, and recruitment to gene loci by the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler SMARCA4/BRG1. Loss of MSH2 in advanced gastric cancers was accompanied by deficient cell adhesion pathway expression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and enhanced tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. However, MSH2-deficient gastric cancers also displayed addiction to BAZ1B, a bromodomain-containing family member, and consequent synthetic lethality to bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) inhibition. Our results reveal a role for MSH2 in gastric cancer epigenomic regulation and identify BET inhibition as a potential therapy in MSH2-deficient gastric malignancies. SIGNIFICANCE DNA repair protein MSH2 binds and regulates cell adhesion genes by enabling enhancer-promoter interactions, and loss of MSH2 causes deficient cell adhesion and bromodomain and extraterminal motif inhibitor synthetic lethality in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita M Nargund
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chang Xu
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Atsushi Okabe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Gao Bin Chen
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kie Kyon Huang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Taotao Sheng
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaosai Yao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Raghav Sundar
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Jiun Kok
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Xiang See
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manjie Xing
- Epigenetic and Epitranscriptomic Regulation, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhimei Li
- Division of Medical Science, Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chern Han Yong
- Division of Medical Science, Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aparna Anand
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lai Fong Poon
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Javier Yu Peng Koh
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Fong Ooi
- Epigenetic and Epitranscriptomic Regulation, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Ting Tay
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuewen Ong
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angie Lay Keng Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heike I Grabsch
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa J Fullwood
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tean Bin Teh
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Medical Science, Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuezhi Bi
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shang Li
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Epigenetic and Epitranscriptomic Regulation, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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Szabo R, Ward JM, Artunc F, Bugge TH. EPCAM and TROP2 share role in claudin stabilization and development of intestinal and extraintestinal epithelia in mice. Biol Open 2022; 11:275770. [PMID: 35730316 PMCID: PMC9294608 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
EPCAM (Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of most epithelial and epithelium-derived tumor cells and reported to regulate stability of epithelial tight junction proteins, claudins. Despite its widespread expression, loss of EPCAM function has so far only been reported to prominently affect intestinal development, resulting in severe early onset enteropathy associated with impaired growth and decreased survival in both humans and mice. In this study, we show that the critical role of EPCAM is not limited to intestinal tissues and that it shares its essential function with its only known homolog, TROP2 (Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2). EPCAM-deficient mice show significant growth retardation and die within four weeks after birth. In addition to changes in small and large intestines, loss of EPCAM results in hyperkeratosis in skin and forestomach, hair follicle atrophy leading to alopecia, nephron hypoplasia in kidney, proteinuria, and altered production of digestive enzymes by pancreas. Expression of TROP2 partially, but not completely, overlaps with EPCAM in a number developing epithelia. Although loss of TROP2 had no gross impact on mouse development and survival, TROP2 deficiency generally compounded developmental defects observed in EPCAM-deficient mice, led to about 60% decrease in embryonic viability, and further shortened postnatal lifespan of born pups. Importantly, TROP2 was able to compensate for the loss of EPCAM in stabilizing claudin-7 expression and cell membrane localization in tissues that co-express both proteins. These findings identify overlapping functions of EPCAM and TROP2 as regulators of epithelial development in both intestinal and extraintestinal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Szabo
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ferruh Artunc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Alghamian Y, Soukkarieh C, Abbady AQ, Murad H. Investigation of role of CpG methylation in some epithelial mesenchymal transition gene in a chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell line. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7494. [PMID: 35523936 PMCID: PMC9076839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the lethal gynecologic cancers. Chemoresistance is an essential reason for treatment failure and high mortality. Emerging evidence connects epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) like changes and acquisition of chemoresistance in cancers. Including EMT, DNA methylation influences cellular processes. Here, EMT-like changes were investigated in cisplatin-resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cells (A2780cis), wherein role of DNA methylation in some EMT genes regulations was studied. Cell viability assay was carried out to test the sensitivity of A2780, and A2780cis human cancer cell lines to cisplatin. Differential mRNA expression of EMT markers using qPCR was conducted to investigate EMT like changes. CpG methylation role in gene expression regulation was investigated by 5-azacytidine (5-aza) treatment. DNA methylation changes in EMT genes were identified using Methylscreen assay between A2780 and A2780cis cells. In order to evaluate if DNA methylation changes are causally underlying EMT, treatment with 5-aza followed by Cisplatin was done on A2780cis cells. Accordingly, morphological changes were studied under the microscope, whereas EMT marker's gene expression changes were investigated using qPCR. In this respect, A2780cis cell line has maintained its cisplatin tolerance ability and exhibits phenotypic changes congruent with EMT. Methylscreen assay and qPCR study have revealed DNA hypermethylation in promoters of epithelial adhesion molecules CDH1 and EPCAM in A2780cis compared to the cisplatin-sensitive parental cells. These changes were concomitant with gene expression down-regulation. DNA hypomethylation associated with transcription up-regulation of the mesenchymal marker TWIST2 was observed in the resistant cells. Azacytidine treatment confirmed DNA methylation role in regulating gene expression of CDH1, EPCAM and TWIST2 genes. A2780cis cell line undergoes EMT like changes, and EMT genes are regulated by DNA methylation. To that end, a better understanding of the molecular alterations that correlate with chemoresistance may lead to therapeutic benefits such as chemosensitivity restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaman Alghamian
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Chadi Soukkarieh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Abdul Qader Abbady
- Human Genetics Division, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
| | - Hossam Murad
- Human Genetics Division, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria.
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Ríos-Navarro C, Gavara J, Núñez J, Revuelta-López E, Monmeneu JV, López-Lereu MP, de Dios E, Pérez-Solé N, Vila JM, Oltra R, Chorro FJ, Bayés-Genís A, Bodi V. EpCAM y obstrucción microvascular en pacientes con un IAMCEST: estudio con resonancia magnética cardiaca. Rev Esp Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Dum D, Taherpour N, Menz A, Höflmayer D, Völkel C, Hinsch A, Gorbokon N, Lennartz M, Hube-Magg C, Fraune C, Bernreuther C, Lebok P, Clauditz TS, Jacobsen F, Sauter G, Uhlig R, Wilczak W, Steurer S, Minner S, Marx AH, Simon R, Burandt E, Krech T, Luebke AM. Trophoblast Cell Surface Antigen 2 Expression in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study on 18,563 Tumors. Pathobiology 2022; 89:245-258. [PMID: 35477165 PMCID: PMC9393818 DOI: 10.1159/000522206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) is the target of sacituzumab govitecan, an antibody-drug conjugate approved for treatment of triple negative breast cancer and urothelial carcinoma. Methods A tissue microarray containing 18,563 samples from 150 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by TROP2 immunohistochemistry. Results TROP2 positivity was found in 109 tumor categories, including squamous cell carcinomas of various origins, urothelial, breast, prostate, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers (>95% positive). High TROP2 expression was linked to advanced stage (p = 0.0069) and nodal metastasis (p < 0.0001) in colorectal cancer as well as to nodal metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma (p = 0.0246) and papillary thyroid cancer (p = 0.0013). Low TROP2 expression was linked to advanced stage in urothelial carcinoma (p < 0.0001), high pT (p = 0.0024), and high grade (p < 0.0001) in breast cancer, as well as with high Fuhrmann grade (p < 0.0001) and pT stage (p = 0.0009) in papillary renal cell carcinomas. Conclusion TROP2 is expressed in many epithelial neoplasms. TROP2 deregulation can be associated with cancer progression in a tumor-type dependent manner. Since anti-TROP2 cancer drugs have demonstrated efficiency, they may be applicable to a broad range of tumor entities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Noushin Taherpour
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Völkel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Lei Z, Liu W, Nie Y, Yang Y, Chen G, Huang L, Wu H, Lei Y, Chen L, Hu Q, Rong H, Yu S, Song Q, Tong F, Guo J. EpCAM Is Essential to Maintaining the Immune Homeostasis of Intestines via Keeping the Expression of pIgR in the Intestinal Epithelium of Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843378. [PMID: 35493520 PMCID: PMC9043958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
EpCAM deficiency causes congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE) which is considered as one kinds of very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, functions of EpCAM on regulating the immunity of intestines are still unclear. To study the mechanism of EpCAM on maintaining the intestinal immune homeostasis, the intestines of WT and EpCAM-/- mice at E18.5, P0 and P3 stages were collected for morphological, histological and gene expression tests. Serious inflammation was detected in the small intestines of P3 EpCAM-/- mice. Compared to WT mice, genes related to inflammatory factors and immunity cells, including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8rb, MIP2, MCP1, Ly6d and Ly6g, were all significantly upregulated and the expression of intestinal abundance matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was also significantly increased in the intestines of EpCAM-/- mice at E18.5, P0 and P3 stages. Signals of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK were hyper-activated in the intestines of EpCAM-/- mice. The expression of pIgR was significantly decreased and the expression and activation of transcriptional factors which promote the expression of pIgR were also reduced in the intestines of EpCAM-/- mice compared to WT controls. In conclusion, EpCAM could maintain the immune homeostasis of intestines via keeping the expression of pIgR in the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zili Lei, ; Jiao Guo,
| | - Wanwan Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Nie
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibin Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hedong Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siping Yu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Song
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxue Tong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zili Lei, ; Jiao Guo,
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Bagheri A, Culp PA, DuBridge RB, Chen THT. CRISPR/Cas9 disruption of EpCAM Exon 2 results in cell-surface expression of a truncated protein targeted by an EpCAM specific T cell engager. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 29:101205. [PMID: 35071801 PMCID: PMC8761601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology allows researchers to study protein function by specifically introducing double-stranded breaks in the gene of interest then analyze its subsequent loss in sensitive biological assays. To help characterize one of a series of highly potent, conditionally active, T cell engaging bispecific molecules called COBRA™, the human EpCAM gene was disrupted in HT29 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 and guide RNA targeting its Exon 2. Although a commercially available antibody indicated loss of cell-surface expression, the EpCAM targeting bispecific COBRA was still able to lyse these cells in a T cell dependent cellular cytotoxicity assay. RT-PCR sequence analysis of these cells showed a major alternative transcript generated after CRISPR/Cas9, with Exon 1 and 3 spliced together in-frame, skipping Exon 2 completely, to express a truncated cell-surface receptor recognized by the EpCAM-COBRA. Researchers who use CRISPR/Cas9 must be cognizant of this potential to express alternative versions of their proteins and use sensitive orthogonal detection methods to ensure complete gene disruption. CRISPR/Cas9 allows researchers to target gene disruption and analyze its loss of expression. After CRISPR/Cas9 targeting the EpCAM gene, no protein was detected after staining with a commercial antibody. An in-house EpCAM T-cell engager was able to lyse these supposedly EpCAM KO cells. cDNA analysis showed an alternative mRNA transcript arose after CRISPR/Cas9, creating a truncated version on the cell's surface. Scientists using CRISPR must be aware of the potential to make alternate forms and try other means to ensure no expression.
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Brown MS, Muller KE, Pattabiraman DR. Quantifying the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) from Bench to Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1138. [PMID: 35267444 PMCID: PMC8909103 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reversal, the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) are critical components of the metastatic cascade in breast cancer and many other solid tumor types. Recent work has uncovered the presence of a variety of states encompassed within the EMT spectrum, each of which may play unique roles or work collectively to impact tumor progression. However, defining EMT status is not routinely carried out to determine patient prognosis or dictate therapeutic decision-making in the clinic. Identifying and quantifying the presence of various EMT states within a tumor is a critical first step to scoring patient tumors to aid in determining prognosis. Here, we review the major strides taken towards translating our understanding of EMT biology from bench to bedside. We review previously used approaches including basic immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, single-cell sequencing, and multiplexed tumor mapping. Future studies will benefit from the consideration of multiple methods and combinations of markers in designing a diagnostic tool for detecting and measuring EMT in patient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith S. Brown
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - Kristen E. Muller
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA;
| | - Diwakar R. Pattabiraman
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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Kan S, Grainge C, Nichol K, Reid A, Knight D, Sun Y, Bartlett N, Liang M. TLR7 agonist loaded airway epithelial targeting nanoparticles stimulate innate immunity and suppress viral replication in human bronchial epithelial cells. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121586. [PMID: 35181464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based delivery is a strategy for increasing the therapeutic window of inhaled immunomodulatory drugs that have inflammatory activity. TLR7 agonists are a class of immunomodulators that have been considered for the treatment of virus-induced respiratory diseases. However, due to high immune-stimulatory activity, TLR7 agonists, delivered via direct exposure, generally have a narrow therapeutic window. To address this, we have developed lipid/polymer hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated with anti-EpCAM monoclonal antibody for targeted delivery of TLR7 agonist (CL264) to airway epithelial cells (AECs)2 - the primary site of respiratory virus infection. These airway epithelial targeting nanoparticles (AEC-NPs)3 showed safety and biocompatibility, and approximately two-fold increased cellular uptake compared to non-targeting NPs. Upon cell entry, AEC-NPs were able to deliver CL264 to cytoplasm and endosomes where TLR7 is located. CL264 delivered by AEC-NPs significantly increased innate immune response through expression of IFN-β, IFN-λ 2/3 and IFN-stimulated genes and suppressed more than 92% of viral load at 48 hours post-infection compared to the drug alone and non-targeting NPs. In conclusion, AEC-NPs exhibited increased cellular uptake leading to enhanced innate immune activation and suppression of viral replication. These findings support the use of AEC-targeting approach for delivering drugs with a narrow therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Grainge
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy Nichol
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Reid
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl Knight
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Nathan Bartlett
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mingtao Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
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Bulska-Będkowska W, Czajka-Francuz P, Jurek-Cisoń S, Owczarek AJ, Francuz T, Chudek J. The Predictive Role of Serum Levels of Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules (sCAMs) in the Therapy of Advanced Breast Cancer—A Single-Centre Study. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020153. [PMID: 35208477 PMCID: PMC8876996 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Soluble cell adhesion molecules (sCAMs) play a significant role in the metastatic potential of breast cancer (BC). They might block lymphocytes and promote angiogenesis and migration of cancer cells. We assessed the usefulness of sCAMs in the prognosis and monitoring of the progression of advanced BC. Materials and Methods: We assessed soluble E-selectin, P-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, EpCAM, IL-6Ra, TNF-R1, and TNF-R2 in 39 women with aBC. Blood samples were obtained at the beginning of the treatment and after 2 months. Results: The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9 months, and overall survival (OS) was 27 months. The higher levels of sICAM-1 (HR = 2.60, p = 0.06) and lower levels of sEpCAM (HR = 2.72, p < 0.05) were associated with faster progression of aBC. High levels of sEpCAM through the follow-up period were significantly associated with a lower risk of progression (HR = 0.40, p < 0.01). We found the independent predictive value of higher than median sICAM-1 levels for PFS (HR = 2.07, p = 0.08) and of sVCAM-1 levels for OS (HR = 2.59, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our data support the predictive value of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 and suggest that they could become markers for tailoring new therapies in aBC. sEpCAM level could be used as an early indicator of response to the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Bulska-Będkowska
- Department of Internal Diseases and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (P.C.-F.); (S.J.-C.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-252-60-91
| | - Paulina Czajka-Francuz
- Department of Internal Diseases and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (P.C.-F.); (S.J.-C.); (J.C.)
| | - Sylwia Jurek-Cisoń
- Department of Internal Diseases and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (P.C.-F.); (S.J.-C.); (J.C.)
| | - Aleksander J. Owczarek
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Internal Diseases and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (P.C.-F.); (S.J.-C.); (J.C.)
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Alginate Hydrogel Microtubes for Salivary Gland Cell Organization and Cavitation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9010038. [PMID: 35049747 PMCID: PMC8773299 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the different regulatory functions of epithelial and mesenchymal cell types in salivary gland development and cellular organization is essential for proper organoid formation and salivary gland tissue regeneration. Here, we demonstrate a biocompatible platform using pre-formed alginate hydrogel microtubes to facilitate direct epithelial–mesenchymal cell interaction for 3D salivary gland cell organization, which allows for monitoring cellular organization while providing a protective barrier from cell-cluster loss during medium changes. Using mouse salivary gland ductal epithelial SIMS cells as the epithelial model cell type and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts or primary E16 salivary mesenchyme cells as the stromal model cell types, self-organization from epithelial–mesenchymal interaction was examined. We observed that epithelial and mesenchymal cells undergo aggregation on day 1, cavitation by day 4, and generation of an EpCAM-expressing epithelial cell layer as early as day 7 of the co-culture in hydrogel microtubes, demonstrating the utility of hydrogel microtubes to facilitate heterotypic cell–cell interactions to form cavitated organoids. Thus, pre-formed alginate microtubes are a promising co-culture method for further understanding epithelial and mesenchymal interaction during tissue morphogenesis and for future practical applications in regenerative medicine.
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Deglycosylated EpCAM regulates proliferation by enhancing autophagy of breast cancer cells via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:316-329. [PMID: 34983878 PMCID: PMC8791205 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important regulator of cellular homeostasis and its dysregulation often results in cancer. Aberrant glycosylation induced by oncogenic transformation contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis. In a previous study, we have demonstrated that EpCAM, a glycosylation protein, is associated with cell growth and metastasis in breast cancer. But the effect of EpCAM glycosylation on autophagy is not clear. the precise mechanism of regulation remains largely unknown. In this study, breast cancer cells were transfected with N-glycosylation mutation EpCAM plasmid to express deglycosylated EpCAM. The result showed that deglycosylated EpCAM promoted autophagy in breast cancer cells. We further confirmed this conclusion with the activator (Rapamycin, RAP) and inhibitor (Wortmannin) of autophagy. We also found that deglycosylated EpCAM promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation through activating autophagy by suppressing Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. These findings represent a novel mechanism by which deglycosylated EpCAM inhibits proliferation by enhancing autophagy of breast cancer cells via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. In conclusion, the combination of autophagy modulation and EpCAM targeted therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of breast cancer.
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43
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Chen S, Zhang S, Wang Y, Yang X, Yang H, Cui C. Anti-EpCAM functionalized graphene oxide vector for tumor targeted siRNA delivery and cancer therapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:598-611. [PMID: 34849165 PMCID: PMC8609427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a potential drug delivery vector. For siRNA delivery, GO should be modified to endow it with gene delivery ability and targeting effect. However, the cationic materials used previously usually had greater toxicity. In this study, GO was modified with a non-toxicity cationic material (chitosan) and a tumor specific monoclonal antibody (anti-EpCAM) for the delivery of survivin-siRNA (GCE/siRNA). And the vector (GCE) prepared was proved with excellent biosafety and tumor targeting effect. The GCE exhibited superior performance in loading siRNA, maintained stability in different solutions and showed excellent protection effect for survivin-siRNA in vitro. The gene silencing results in vitro showed that the mRNA level and protein level were down-regulated by 48.24% ± 2.50% and 44.12% ± 3.03%, respectively, which was equal with positive control (P > 0.05). It was also demonstrated that GCE/siRNA had a strong antitumor effect in vitro, which was attributed to the efficient antiproliferation, and migration and invasion inhibition effect of GCE/siRNA. The results in vivo indicated that GCE could accumulate siRNA in tumor tissues. The tumor inhibition rate of GCE/siRNA 54.74% ± 5.51% was significantly higher than control 4.87% ± 8.49%. Moreover, GCE/siRNA showed no toxicity for blood and main organs, suggesting that it is a biosafety carrier for gene delivery. Taken together, this study provides a novel design strategy for gene delivery system and siRNA formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 10069, China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 10069, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 10069, China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 10069, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 10069, China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 10069, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 10069, China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 10069, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Chunying Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 10069, China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 10069, China
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44
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Guo K, Xiao N, Liu Y, Wang Z, Tóth J, Gyenis J, Thakur VK, Oyane A, Shubhra QT. Engineering polymer nanoparticles using cell membrane coating technology and their application in cancer treatments: Opportunities and challenges. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Ščupáková K, Adelaja OT, Balluff B, Ayyappan V, Tressler CM, Jenkinson NM, Claes BS, Bowman AP, Cimino-Mathews AM, White MJ, Argani P, Heeren RM, Glunde K. Clinical importance of high-mannose, fucosylated and complex N-glycans in breast cancermetastasis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146945. [PMID: 34752419 PMCID: PMC8783675 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Although aberrant glycosylation is recognized as a hallmark of cancer, glycosylation in clinical breast cancer (BC) metastasis has not yet been studied. While preclinical studies show that the glycocalyx coating of cancer cells is involved in adhesion, migration, and metastasis, glycosylation changes from primary tumor (PT) to various metastatic sites remain unknown in patients. METHODS. We investigated N-glycosylation profiles in 17 metastatic BC patients from our rapid autopsy program. Primary breast tumor, lymph node metastases, multiple systemic metastases, and various normal tissue cores from each patient were arranged on unique single-patient tissue microarrays (TMAs). We performed mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) combined with extensive pathology annotation of these TMAs, and this process enabled spatially differentiated cell-based analysis of N-glycosylation patterns in metastatic BC. RESULTS. N-glycan abundance increased during metastatic progression independently of BC subtype and treatment regimen, with high-mannose glycans most frequently elevated in BC metastases, followed by fucosylated and complex glycans. Bone metastasis, however, displayed increased core-fucosylation and decreased high-mannose glycans. Consistently, N-glycosylated proteins and N-glycan biosynthesis genes were differentially expressed during metastatic BC progression, with reduced expression of mannose-trimming enzymes and with elevated EpCAM, N-glycan branching, and sialyation enzymes in BC metastases versus PT. CONCLUSION. We show in patients that N-glycosylation of breast cancer cells undergoing metastasis occurs in a metastatic site–specific manner, supporting the clinical importance of high-mannose, fucosylated, and complex N-glycans as future diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in metastatic BC. FUNDING. NIH grants R01CA213428, R01CA213492, R01CA264901, T32CA193145, Dutch Province Limburg “LINK”, European Union ERA-NET TRANSCAN2-643638.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Ščupáková
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Oluwatobi T Adelaja
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Balluff
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vinay Ayyappan
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Caitlin M Tressler
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Nicole M Jenkinson
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Britt Sr Claes
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andrew P Bowman
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ashley M Cimino-Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Marissa J White
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Pedram Argani
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Ron Ma Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
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46
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Mantoo MR, Malik R, Das P, Yadav R, Nakra T, Chouhan P. Congenital Diarrhea and Enteropathies in Infants: Approach to Diagnosis. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:1135-1138. [PMID: 34292522 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-021-03844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Congenital diarrhea and enteropathies (CODEs) are monogenic disorders causing early onset of intractable diarrhea. Their diagnosis and management are challenging. With the availability of commercial next generation genetic testing, we are now better able to classify and manage these disorders. The authors present their experience with 4 cases. Two patients had congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE) and 1 case each of microvillous inclusion disease (MVID) and trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THES). Age at onset varied from 3 to 38 d of life. Light microscopy and electron microscopy of duodenal and rectal endoscopic biopsies were consistent with the diagnosis. Genetic evaluation was possible in 3 cases indicating causative mutations. Two children (CTE and MVID) were alive at last follow-up. The authors suggest a stepwise approach to the diagnosis and management of these disorders in the Indian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Raj Mantoo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Rohan Malik
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Rajni Yadav
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Tripti Nakra
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pandu Chouhan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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47
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Vandghanooni S, Sanaat Z, Farahzadi R, Eskandani M, Omidian H, Omidi Y. Recent progress in the development of aptasensors for cancer diagnosis: Focusing on aptamers against cancer biomarkers. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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48
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Takahashi T, Schleimer RP. Epithelial-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiology of Epithelial Injury and Repair in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Connecting Immunology in Research Lab to Biomarkers in Clinics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11709. [PMID: 34769139 PMCID: PMC8583779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barrier disruption and failure of epithelial repair by aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced basal cells observed in nasal mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are speculated to play important roles in disease pathophysiology. Microparticles (MPs) are a type of extracellular vesicle (EV) released by budding or shedding from the plasma membrane of activated or apoptotic cells. MPs are detected in nasal lavage fluids (NLFs) and are now receiving attention as potential biomarkers to evaluate the degree of activation of immune cells and injury of structural cells in nasal mucosa of subjects with sinus disease. There are three types of epithelial-cell-derived MPs, which are defined by the expression of different epithelial specific markers on their surface: EpCAM, E-cadherin, and integrin β6 (ITGB6). When these markers are on MPs that are also carrying canonical EMT/mesenchymal markers (Snail (SNAI1); Slug (SNAI2); alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA, ACTA2)) or pro- and anti-coagulant molecules (tissue factor (TF); tissue plasminogen activator (tPA); plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)), they provide insight as to the roles of epithelial activation for EMT or regulation of coagulation in the underlying disease. In this review, we discuss the potential of epithelial MPs as research tools to evaluate status of nasal mucosae of CRS patients in the lab, as well as biomarkers for management and treatment of CRS in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takahashi
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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49
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Ostrikov K, Kashani MN, Vasilev K, MacGregor MN. Fluid Flow Dependency in Immunoselective Cell Capture via Liquid Biopsy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12388-12396. [PMID: 34596407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy targets rare cells that overexpress disease-specific membrane markers and capture these cells via immunoaffinity. The diagnosis efficiency of liquid biopsy can be impaired by the presence of healthy adherent cells also expressing the same biomarkers. Here, we investigated the effect of settling times and rinsing flow rates on the efficiency of EpCAM-based immunocapture using both simulation and experiments with three different cell types. Cell-surface adhesion forces and shear rates were calculated to define the range of rinsing flow rates to test experimentally. Healthy adherent cells did not adhere to blocked immunofunctionalized surfaces within the timeframe of the experiment; however, healthy EpCAM positive cells did bind to the surface to some extent. The greatest difference in capture efficiency was obtained using a high rinsing flow rate of 25 mL/min following 40 min static incubation, indicating that optimizing rinsing flow rates could be a viable option to capture, more specifically, cancer cells overexpressing EpCAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kola Ostrikov
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia
| | - Moein Navvab Kashani
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia
- South Australian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia
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50
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Ghalamfarsa F, Khatami SH, Vakili O, Taheri-Anganeh M, Tajbakhsh A, Savardashtaki A, Fazli Y, Uonaki LR, Shabaninejad Z, Movahedpour A, Ghalamfarsa G. Bispecific antibodies in colorectal cancer therapy: recent insights and emerging concepts. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:1355-1367. [PMID: 34641708 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is identified as a life-threatening malignancy. Despite several efforts and proceedings available for CRC therapy, it is still a health concern. Among a vast array of novel therapeutic procedures, employing bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) is currently considered to be a promising approach for cancer therapy. BsAbs, as a large family of molecules designed to realize two distinct epitopes or antigens, can be beneficial microgadgets to target the tumor-associated antigen pairs. On the other hand, applying the immune system's capabilities to attack malignant cells has been proven as a tremendous development in cancer therapeutic projects. The current study has attempted to overview some of the approved BsAbs in CRC therapy and those under clinical trials. For this purpose, reputable scientific search engines and databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, etc., were explored using the keywords 'bispecific antibodies', 'colorectal cancer', 'immunotherapy' and 'tumor markers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Ghalamfarsa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yousef Fazli
- Dena Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Leila Rezaei Uonaki
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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