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Garrett TR, Gilchrist J, McKenzie ADJ, Larik FA, Danon JJ, Werry EL, Kassiou M. An Investigation on Linker Modifications of Cyanoguanidine-Based P2X7 Receptor Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400163. [PMID: 38782733 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite their acknowledged significance in the inflammatory signalling cascade across a range of disease states, P2X7R antagonists have not yet proven to be effective in clinical trials. In this study, we present findings on P2X7 receptor antagonists that are based on a core adamantyl-cyanoguanidine-quinoline lead. To investigate the specific features of the cyanoguanidine moiety that influence compound potency we carried out a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. Compound potency was assessed using an in vitro dye-uptake assay measuring P2X7R pore formation. While none of the compounds displayed superior potency to the lead, we established key structural requirements for potent P2X7R antagonism. An additional SAR using different aryl groups was performed based on the promising activity displayed by the squaramide derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Garrett
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jayson Gilchrist
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andre D J McKenzie
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Fayaz Ali Larik
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathan J Danon
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Eryn L Werry
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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2
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Leite-Aguiar R, Bello-Santos VG, Castro NG, Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB. Techniques for evaluating the ATP-gated ion channel P2X7 receptor function in macrophages and microglial cells. J Immunol Methods 2024; 532:113727. [PMID: 38997100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Resident macrophages are tissue-specific innate immune cells acting as sentinels, constantly patrolling their assigned tissue to maintain homeostasis, and quickly responding to pathogenic invaders or molecular danger signals molecules when necessary. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), when released to the extracellular medium, acts as a danger signal through specific purinergic receptors. Interaction of ATP with the purinergic receptor P2X7 activates macrophages and microglial cells in different pathological conditions, triggering inflammation. The highly expressed P2X7 receptor in these cells induces cell membrane permeabilization, inflammasome activation, cell death, and the production of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and nitrogen and oxygen-reactive species. This review explores the techniques to evaluate the functional and molecular aspects of the P2X7 receptor, particularly in macrophages and microglial cells. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry or immunohistochemistry are essential for assessing gene and protein expression in these cell types. Evaluation of P2X7 receptor function involves the use of ATP and selective agonists and antagonists and diverse techniques, including electrophysiology, intracellular calcium measurements, ethidium bromide uptake, and propidium iodide cell viability assays. These techniques are crucial for studying the role of P2X7 receptors in immune responses, neuroinflammation, and various pathological conditions. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the functional and molecular aspects of the P2X7 receptor in macrophages and microglia is vital for unraveling its involvement in immune modulation and its potential as a therapeutic target. The methodologies presented and discussed herein offer valuable tools for researchers investigating the complexities of P2X7 receptor signaling in innate immune cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa Leite-Aguiar
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil..
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3
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Liu X, Li Y, Huang L, Kuang Y, Wu X, Ma X, Zhao B, Lan J. Unlocking the therapeutic potential of P2X7 receptor: a comprehensive review of its role in neurodegenerative disorders. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1450704. [PMID: 39139642 PMCID: PMC11319138 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1450704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), an ATP-gated ion channel, has emerged as a crucial player in neuroinflammation and a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders. This review explores the current understanding of P2X7R's structure, activation, and physiological roles, focusing on its expression and function in microglial cells. The article examines the receptor's involvement in calcium signaling, microglial activation, and polarization, as well as its role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The review highlights the complex nature of P2X7R signaling, discussing its potential neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects depending on the disease stage and context. It also addresses the development of P2X7R antagonists and their progress in clinical trials, identifying key research gaps and future perspectives for P2X7R-targeted therapy development. By providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge and future directions, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians interested in exploring the therapeutic potential of targeting P2X7R for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- Shenzhen Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Shenzhen Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liting Huang
- Shenzhen Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingyan Kuang
- Shenzhen Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Wu
- Shenzhen Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangqiong Ma
- Henan Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Shenzhen Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Lan
- Shenzhen Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Liu Z, Liu W, Han M, Wang M, Li Y, Yao Y, Duan Y. A comprehensive review of natural product-derived compounds acting on P2X7R: The promising therapeutic drugs in disorders. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155334. [PMID: 38554573 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is known to play a significant role in regulating various pathological processes associated with immune regulation, neuroprotection, and inflammatory responses. It has emerged as a potential target for the treatment of diseases. In addition to chemically synthesized small molecule compounds, natural products have gained attention as an important source for discovering compounds that act on the P2X7R. PURPOSE To explore the research progress made in the field of natural product-derived compounds that act on the P2X7R. METHODS The methods employed in this review involved conducting a thorough search of databases, include PubMed, Web of Science and WIKTROP, to identify studies on natural product-derived compounds that interact with P2X7R. The selected studies were then analyzed to categorize the compounds based on their action on the receptor and to evaluate their therapeutic applications, chemical properties, and pharmacological actions. RESULTS The natural product-derived compounds acting on P2X7R can be classified into three categories: P2X7R antagonists, compounds inhibiting P2X7R expression, and compounds regulating the signaling pathway associated with P2X7R. Moreover, highlight the therapeutic applications, chemical properties and pharmacological actions of these compounds, and indicate areas that require further in-depth study. Finally, discuss the challenges of the natural products-derived compounds exploration, although utilizing compounds from natural products for new drug research offers unique advantages, problems related to solubility, content, and extraction processes still exist. CONCLUSION The detailed information in this review will facilitate further development of P2X7R antagonists and potential therapeutic strategies for P2X7R-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Liu
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Wenjin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengyao Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Yinchao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yongfang Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Pingyuan Laboratory (Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China; Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
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5
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Ferreira NCDS, Viviani LG, Lima LM, do Amaral AT, Romano JVP, Fortunato AL, Soares RF, Alberto AVP, Coelho Neto JA, Alves LA. A Hybrid Approach Combining Shape-Based and Docking Methods to Identify Novel Potential P2X7 Antagonists from Natural Product Databases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:592. [PMID: 38794162 PMCID: PMC11123696 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
P2X7 is an ATP-activated purinergic receptor implicated in pro-inflammatory responses. It is associated with the development of several diseases, including inflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions. Although several P2X7 receptor antagonists have recently been reported in the literature, none of them is approved for clinical use. However, the structure of the known antagonists can serve as a scaffold for discovering effective compounds in clinical therapy. This study aimed to propose an improved virtual screening methodology for the identification of novel potential P2X7 receptor antagonists from natural products through the combination of shape-based and docking approaches. First, a shape-based screening was performed based on the structure of JNJ-47965567, a P2X7 antagonist, using two natural product compound databases, MEGx (~5.8 × 103 compounds) and NATx (~32 × 103 compounds). Then, the compounds selected by the proposed shape-based model, with Shape-Tanimoto score values ranging between 0.624 and 0.799, were filtered for drug-like properties. Finally, the compounds that met the drug-like filter criteria were docked into the P2X7 allosteric binding site, using the docking programs GOLD and DockThor. The docking poses with the best score values were submitted to careful visual inspection of the P2X7 allosteric binding site. Based on our established visual inspection criteria, four compounds from the MEGx database and four from the NATx database were finally selected as potential P2X7 receptor antagonists. The selected compounds are structurally different from known P2X7 antagonists, have drug-like properties, and are predicted to interact with key P2X7 allosteric binding pocket residues, including F88, F92, F95, F103, M105, F108, Y295, Y298, and I310. Therefore, the combination of shape-based screening and docking approaches proposed in our study has proven useful in selecting potential novel P2X7 antagonist candidates from natural-product-derived compounds databases. This approach could also be useful for selecting potential inhibitors/antagonists of other receptors and/or biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natiele Carla da Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (N.C.d.S.F.); (L.M.L.); (J.V.P.R.); (A.L.F.); (A.V.P.A.)
| | - Lucas Gasparello Viviani
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.G.V.); (A.T.d.A.)
| | - Lauro Miranda Lima
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (N.C.d.S.F.); (L.M.L.); (J.V.P.R.); (A.L.F.); (A.V.P.A.)
| | | | - João Victor Paiva Romano
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (N.C.d.S.F.); (L.M.L.); (J.V.P.R.); (A.L.F.); (A.V.P.A.)
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Anderson Lage Fortunato
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (N.C.d.S.F.); (L.M.L.); (J.V.P.R.); (A.L.F.); (A.V.P.A.)
| | - Rafael Ferreira Soares
- Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Bioinnovations, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - Anael Viana Pinto Alberto
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (N.C.d.S.F.); (L.M.L.); (J.V.P.R.); (A.L.F.); (A.V.P.A.)
| | - Jose Aguiar Coelho Neto
- National Institute of Industrial Property, Rio de Janeiro 20090-910, Brazil;
- Tijuca Campus, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro 20271-020, Brazil
| | - Luiz Anastacio Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (N.C.d.S.F.); (L.M.L.); (J.V.P.R.); (A.L.F.); (A.V.P.A.)
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6
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Chen H, Han Y, Hearne A, Monarchino A, Wiseman JS. Purinergic ligands induce extracellular acidification and increased ATP turnover in HepG2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 96:105788. [PMID: 38320684 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Nucleosides and nucleotides at μM concentrations stimulated a 300% increase in acid secretion in HepG2 cells, which was quantitatively accounted for as increased export of lactate generated by glycogenolysis. Agonist selectivity encompassed nucleosides and nucleotides for all 5 natural nucleobases and, along with antagonist profiles, was inconsistent with a role for purinergic receptors in mediating this activity. Agonist catabolism did not contribute significantly to either low selectivity or lactate production. Lactate production was driven by an increase in ATP turnover of as much as 56%. For some agonists, especially adenosine, ATP turnover decreased precipitously at mM concentrations, correlating with known adenosine-stimulated apoptosis. We propose that nucleoside/nucleotide agonists induce a futile energy cycle via a novel mechanism, which results in increased ATP turnover and initiates a continuum of events that for some agonists culminates in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotong Chen
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Bldg. 25, The Ridges, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; QPS Holding LLC, 3 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, United States of America.
| | - Yong Han
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Bldg. 25, The Ridges, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - Abby Hearne
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Bldg. 25, The Ridges, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - Anna Monarchino
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Bldg. 25, The Ridges, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Wiseman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Bldg. 25, The Ridges, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
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7
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Kristof Z, Gal Z, Torok D, Eszlari N, Sutori S, Sperlagh B, Anderson IM, Deakin B, Bagdy G, Juhasz G, Gonda X. Embers of the Past: Early Childhood Traumas Interact with Variation in P2RX7 Gene Implicated in Neuroinflammation on Markers of Current Suicide Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:865. [PMID: 38255938 PMCID: PMC10815854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Both early childhood traumatic experiences and current stress increase the risk of suicidal behaviour, in which immune activation might play a role. Previous research suggests an association between mood disorders and P2RX7 gene encoding P2X7 receptors, which stimulate neuroinflammation. We investigated the effect of P2RX7 variation in interaction with early childhood adversities and traumas and recent stressors on lifetime suicide attempts and current suicide risk markers. Overall, 1644 participants completed questionnaires assessing childhood adversities, recent negative life events, and provided information about previous suicide attempts and current suicide risk-related markers, including thoughts of ending their life, death, and hopelessness. Subjects were genotyped for 681 SNPs in the P2RX7 gene, 335 of which passed quality control and were entered into logistic and linear regression models, followed by a clumping procedure to identify clumps of SNPs with a significant main and interaction effect. We identified two significant clumps with a main effect on current suicidal ideation with top SNPs rs641940 and rs1653613. In interaction with childhood trauma, we identified a clump with top SNP psy_rs11615992 and another clump on hopelessness containing rs78473339 as index SNP. Our results suggest that P2RX7 variation may mediate the effect of early childhood adversities and traumas on later emergence of suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuliet Kristof
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony utca 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zsofia Gal
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.G.); (D.T.); (N.E.); (G.B.); (G.J.)
| | - Dora Torok
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.G.); (D.T.); (N.E.); (G.B.); (G.J.)
| | - Nora Eszlari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.G.); (D.T.); (N.E.); (G.B.); (G.J.)
- NAP3.0 Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sara Sutori
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (NASP), Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Granits väg 4, 17165 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Beata Sperlagh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony utca 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ian M. Anderson
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (I.M.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (I.M.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.G.); (D.T.); (N.E.); (G.B.); (G.J.)
- NAP3.0 Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.G.); (D.T.); (N.E.); (G.B.); (G.J.)
- NAP3.0 Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
- NAP3.0 Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Zhan HQ, Zhang X, Chen XL, Cheng L, Wang X. Application of nanotechnology in the treatment of glomerulonephritis: current status and future perspectives. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:9. [PMID: 38169389 PMCID: PMC10763010 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal failure worldwide; in most cases, it cannot be cured and can only delay the progression of the disease. At present, the main treatment methods include symptomatic therapy, immunosuppressive therapy, and renal replacement therapy. However, effective treatment of GN is hindered by issues such as steroid resistance, serious side effects, low bioavailability, and lack of precise targeting. With the widespread application of nanoparticles in medical treatment, novel methods have emerged for the treatment of kidney diseases. Targeted transportation of drugs, nucleic acids, and other substances to kidney tissues and even kidney cells through nanodrug delivery systems can reduce the systemic effects and adverse reactions of drugs and improve treatment effectiveness. The high specificity of nanoparticles enables them to bind to ion channels and block or enhance channel gating, thus improving inflammation. This review briefly introduces the characteristics of GN, describes the treatment status of GN, systematically summarizes the research achievements of nanoparticles in the treatment of primary GN, diabetic nephropathy and lupus nephritis, analyzes recent therapeutic developments, and outlines promising research directions, such as gas signaling molecule nanodrug delivery systems and ultrasmall nanoparticles. The current application of nanoparticles in GN is summarized to provide a reference for better treatment of GN in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Qin Zhan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiaoxun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwen Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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9
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Sainz RM, Rodriguez-Quintero JH, Maldifassi MC, Stiles BM, Wennerberg E. Tumour immune escape via P2X7 receptor signalling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1287310. [PMID: 38022596 PMCID: PMC10643160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While P2X7 receptor expression on tumour cells has been characterized as a promotor of cancer growth and metastasis, its expression by the host immune system is central for orchestration of both innate and adaptive immune responses against cancer. The role of P2X7R in anti-tumour immunity is complex and preclinical studies have described opposing roles of the P2X7R in regulating immune responses against tumours. Therefore, few P2X7R modulators have reached clinical testing in cancer patients. Here, we review the prognostic value of P2X7R in cancer, how P2X7R have been targeted to date in tumour models, and we discuss four aspects of how tumours skew immune responses to promote immune escape via the P2X7R; non-pore functional P2X7Rs, mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases, ectonucleotidases, and immunoregulatory cells. Lastly, we discuss alternative approaches to offset tumour immune escape via P2X7R to enhance immunotherapeutic strategies in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M. Sainz
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Humberto Rodriguez-Quintero
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Maria Constanza Maldifassi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Brendon M. Stiles
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Erik Wennerberg
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Grassi F, Salina G. The P2X7 Receptor in Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14116. [PMID: 37762419 PMCID: PMC10531565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated nonselective cationic channel that, upon intense stimulation, can progress to the opening of a pore permeable to molecules up to 900 Da. Apart from its broad expression in cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, it is expressed in multiple cell types in different tissues. The dual gating property of P2X7R is instrumental in determining cellular responses, which depend on the expression level of the receptor, timing of stimulation, and microenvironmental cues, thus often complicating the interpretation of experimental data in comprehensive settings. Here we review the existing literature on P2X7R activity in autoimmunity, pinpointing the different functions in cells involved in the immunopathological processes that can make it difficult to model as a druggable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
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11
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Ahn YH, Tang Y, Illes P. The neuroinflammatory astrocytic P2X7 receptor: Alzheimer's disease, ischemic brain injury, and epileptic state. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:763-778. [PMID: 37712394 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2258281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Astrocytes have previously been considered as cells supporting neuronal functions, but they are now recognized as active players in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Astrocytes can communicate with other CNS cells, i.e. through the gliotransmitter ATP and P2X7 receptors (Rs). AREAS COVERED In this review, we will discuss how the P2X7R initiates the release of gliotransmitters and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, thereby establishing a dialog between astrocytes and neurons and, in addition, causing neuroinflammation. In astrocytes, dysregulation of P2X7Rs has been associated with neurodegenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as the consequences of cerebral ischemic injury and status epilepticus (SE). EXPERT OPINION Although all CNS cells are possible sources of ATP release, the targets of this ATP are primarily at microglial cells. However, astrocytes also contain ATP-sensitive P2X7Rs and have in addition the peculiar property over microglia to continuously interact with neurons via not only inflammatory mediators but also gliotransmitters, such as adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), glutamate, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and D-serine. Cellular damage arising during AD, cerebral ischemia, and SE via P2X7R activation is superimposed upon the original disease, and their prevention by blood-brain barrier permeable pharmacological antagonists is a valid therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ha Ahn
- International Joint Research Center on Purinergic Signaling of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Tang
- International Joint Research Center on Purinergic Signaling of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Peter Illes
- International Joint Research Center on Purinergic Signaling of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Cheng C, Ma J, Lu X, Zhang P, Wang X, Guo L, Li P, Wei Y, Li GL, Gao X, Zhang Y, Chai R, Li H, Sun S. P2X7 receptor is required for the ototoxicity caused by aminoglycoside in developing cochlear hair cells. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106176. [PMID: 37263384 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGAs) are widely used in life-threatening infections, but they accumulate in cochlear hair cells (HCs) and result in hearing loss. Increases in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations and P2X7 receptor expression were observed after neomycin treatment. Here, we demonstrated that P2X7 receptor, which is a non-selective cation channel that is activated by high ATP concentrations, may participate in the process through which AGAs enter hair cells. Using transgenic knockout mice, we found that P2X7 receptor deficiency protects HCs against neomycin-induced injury in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, we used fluorescent gentamicin-Fluor 594 to study the uptake of AGAs and found fluorescence labeling in wild-type mice but not in P2rx7-/- mice in vitro. In addition, knocking-out P2rx7 did not significantly alter the HC count and auditory signal transduction, but it did inhibit mitochondria-dependent oxidative stress and apoptosis in the cochlea after neomycin exposure. We thus conclude that the P2X7 receptor may be linked to the entry of AGAs into HCs and is likely to be a therapeutic target for auditory HC protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), No.321 Zhongshan Road,Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jiaoyao Ma
- ENT institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- ENT institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Luo Guo
- ENT institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Peifan Li
- ENT institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng-Lin Li
- ENT institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), No.321 Zhongshan Road,Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China.
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shan Sun
- ENT institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
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13
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Zhang B, Zhang P, L T, Cao Y, Chen T, Chen C, Zhang Z, Zhong Q. P2X7 Receptor in microglia contributes to propofol-induced unconsciousness by regulating synaptic plasticity in mice. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00223-3. [PMID: 37211083 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Propofol infusion is processed through the wake-sleep cycle in neural connections, and the ionotropic purine type 2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a nonspecific cation channel implicated in sleep regulation and synaptic plasticity through its regulation of electric activity in the brain. Here, we explored the potential roles of P2X7R of microglia in propofol-induced unconsciousness. Propofol induced loss of the righting reflex in male C57BL/6 wild-type mice and increased spectral power of the slow wave and delta wave of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), all of which were reversed with P2X7R antagonist A-740003 and strengthened with P2X7R agonist Bz-ATP. Propofol increased the P2X7R expression level and P2X7R immunoreactivity with microglia in the mPFC, induced mild synaptic injury and increased GABA release in the mPFC, and these changes were less severe when treated with A-740003 and were more obvious when treated with Bz-ATP. Electrophysiological approaches showed that propofol induced a decreased frequency of sEPSCs and an increased frequency of sIPSCs, A-740003 decrease frequency of sEPSCs and sIPSCs and Bz-ATP increase frequency of sEPSCs and sIPSCs under propofol anesthesia. These findings indicated that P2X7R in microglia regulates synaptic plasticity and may contribute to propofol-mediated unconsciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430022
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430071; Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430022
| | - Tingting L
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430071
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430071
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430071
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430071
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430071.
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430071.
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14
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Shahi A, Afzali S, Firoozi Z, Mohaghegh P, Moravej A, Hosseinipour A, Bahmanyar M, Mansoori Y. Potential roles of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:513-532. [PMID: 36649375 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a heterogeneous group of rare illnesses that fall into the vasculitis category and are characterized mostly by blood vessel inflammation. Ischemia and disrupted blood flow will cause harm to the organs whose blood arteries become inflamed. Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most prevalent kind of vasculitis in children aged 5 years or younger. Because KD's cardiovascular problems might persist into adulthood, it is no longer thought of as a self-limiting disease. KD is a systemic vasculitis with unknown initiating factors. Numerous factors, such as genetic predisposition and infectious pathogens, are implicated in the etiology of KD. As endothelial cell damage and inflammation can lead to coronary endothelial dysfunction in KD, some studies hypothesized the crucial role of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of KD. Additionally, pyroptosis-related proteins like caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1 and IL-18, lactic dehydrogenase, and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) have been found to be overexpressed in KD patients when compared to healthy controls. These occurrences may point to an involvement of inflammasomes and pyroptotic cell death in the etiology of KD and suggest potential treatment targets. Based on these shreds of evidence, in this review, we aim to focus on one of the well-defined inflammasomes, NLRP3, and its role in the pathophysiology of KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shahi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Afzali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Firoozi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Poopak Mohaghegh
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Moravej
- Department of Immunology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseinipour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahmanyar
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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15
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Alnafisah R, Lundh A, Asah SM, Hoeflinger J, Wolfinger A, Hamoud AR, McCullumsmith RE, O'Donovan SM. Altered purinergic receptor expression in the frontal cortex in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:96. [PMID: 36376358 PMCID: PMC9663420 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
ATP functions as a neurotransmitter, acting on the ubiquitously expressed family of purinergic P2 receptors. In schizophrenia (SCZ), the pathways that modulate extracellular ATP and its catabolism to adenosine are dysregulated. However, the effects of altered ATP availability on P2 receptor expression in the brain in SCZ have not been assessed. We assayed P2 receptor mRNA and protein expression in the DLPFC and ACC in subjects diagnosed with SCZ and matched, non-psychiatrically ill controls (n = 20-22/group). P2RX7, P2RX4 and male P2RX5 mRNA expression were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the DLPFC in SCZ. Expression of P2RX7 protein isoform was also significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the DLPFC in SCZ. Significant increases in P2RX4 and male P2RX5 mRNA expression may be associated with antipsychotic medication effects. We found that P2RX4 and P2RX7 mRNA are significantly correlated with the inflammatory marker SERPINA3, and may suggest an association between upregulated P2XR and neuroinflammation in SCZ. These findings lend support for brain-region dependent dysregulation of the purinergic system in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Alnafisah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Anna Lundh
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sophie M Asah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Julie Hoeflinger
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Alyssa Wolfinger
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Robert E McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Neurosciences Institute, Promedica, Toledo, OH, USA
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16
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Manzanares-Meza LD, Gutiérrez-Román CI, Jiménez-Pineda A, Castro-Martínez F, Patiño-López G, Rodríguez-Arellano E, Valle-Rios R, Ortíz-Navarrete VF, Medina-Contreras O. IL-36γ is secreted through an unconventional pathway using the Gasdermin D and P2X7R membrane pores. Front Immunol 2022; 13:979749. [PMID: 36059446 PMCID: PMC9434278 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.979749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal innate immunity functions as the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Members of the IL-1 family are key cytokines upregulated in the inflamed mucosa. Inflammatory cytokines are regulated by limiting their function and availability through their activation and secretion mechanisms. IL-1 cytokines secretion is affected by the lack of a signal peptide on their sequence, which prevents them from accessing the conventional protein secretion pathway; thus, they use unconventional protein secretion pathways. Here we show in mouse macrophages that LPS/ATP stimulation induces cytokine relocalization to the plasma membrane, and conventional secretion blockade using monensin or Brefeldin A triggers no IL-36γ accumulation within the cell. In silico modeling indicates IL-36γ can pass through both the P2X7R and Gasdermin D pores, and both IL-36γ, P2X7R and Gasdermin D mRNA are upregulated in inflammation; further, experimental blockade of these receptors’ limits IL-36γ release. Our results demonstrate that IL-36γ is secreted mainly by an unconventional pathway through membrane pores formed by P2X7R and Gasdermin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D. Manzanares-Meza
- Mexico Children’s Hospital, Endocrinology, Epidemiology & Nutrition Research Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Albertana Jiménez-Pineda
- Mexico Children’s Hospital, Endocrinology, Epidemiology & Nutrition Research Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Felipe Castro-Martínez
- Mexico Children’s Hospital, Endocrinology, Epidemiology & Nutrition Research Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Genaro Patiño-López
- Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ricardo Valle-Rios
- Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad Universitaria de Investigación, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vianney F. Ortíz-Navarrete
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Medina-Contreras
- Mexico Children’s Hospital, Endocrinology, Epidemiology & Nutrition Research Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Oscar Medina-Contreras,
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17
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Toledo C, Díaz-Jara E, Diaz HS, Schwarz KG, Pereyra KV, Las Heras A, Rios-Gallardo A, Andrade DC, Moreira T, Takakura A, Marcus NJ, Del Rio R. Medullary astrocytes mediate irregular breathing patterns generation in chronic heart failure through purinergic P2X7 receptor signalling. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104044. [PMID: 35533501 PMCID: PMC9097632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breathing disorders (BD) (apnoeas/hypopneas, periodic breathing) are highly prevalent in chronic heart failure (CHF) and are associated with altered central respiratory control. Ample evidence identifies the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) as an important chemosensitivity region for ventilatory control and generation of BD in CHF, however little is known about the cellular mechanisms underlying the RTN/BD relationship. Within the RTN, astrocyte‐mediated purinergic signalling modulates respiration, but the potential contribution of RTN astrocytes to BD in CHF has not been explored. Methods Selective neuron and/or astrocyte-targeted interventions using either optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations in the RTN of CHF rats were used to unveil the contribution of the RTN on the development/maintenance of BD, the role played by astrocytes in BD and the molecular mechanism underpinning these alterations. Findings We showed that episodic photo-stimulation of RTN neurons triggered BD in healthy rats, and that RTN neurons ablation in CHF animals eliminates BD. Also, we found a reduction in astrocytes activity and ATP bioavailability within the RTN of CHF rats, and that chemogenetic restoration of normal RTN astrocyte activity and ATP levels improved breathing regularity in CHF. Importantly, P"X/ P2X7 receptor (P2X7r) expression was reduced in RTN astrocytes from CHF rats and viral vector-mediated delivery of human P2X7 P2X7r into astrocytes increases ATP bioavailability and abolished BD. Interpretation Our results support that RTN astrocytes play a pivotal role on BD generation and maintenance in the setting CHF by a mechanism encompassing P2X7r signalling. Funding This study was funded by the National Research and Development Agency of Chile (ANID).
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18
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Kvetkina A, Pislyagin E, Menchinskaya E, Yurchenko E, Kalina R, Kozlovskiy S, Kaluzhskiy L, Menshov A, Kim N, Peigneur S, Tytgat J, Ivanov A, Ayvazyan N, Leychenko E, Aminin D. Kunitz-Type Peptides from Sea Anemones Protect Neuronal Cells against Parkinson's Disease Inductors via Inhibition of ROS Production and ATP-Induced P2X7 Receptor Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095115. [PMID: 35563513 PMCID: PMC9103184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a socially significant disease, during the development of which oxidative stress and inflammation play a significant role. Here, we studied the neuroprotective effects of four Kunitz-type peptides from Heteractis crispa and Heteractis magnifica sea anemones against PD inductors. The peptide HCIQ1c9, which was obtained for the first time, inhibited trypsin less than other peptides due to unfavorable interactions of Arg17 with Lys43 in the enzyme. Its activity was reduced by up to 70% over the temperature range of 60–100 °C, while HCIQ2c1, HCIQ4c7, and HMIQ3c1 retained their conformation and stayed active up to 90–100 °C. All studied peptides inhibited paraquat- and rotenone-induced intracellular ROS formation, in particular NO, and scavenged free radicals outside the cells. The peptides did not modulate the TRPV1 channels but they affected the P2X7R, both of which are considered therapeutic targets in Parkinson’s disease. HMIQ3c1 and HCIQ4c7 almost completely inhibited the ATP-induced uptake of YO-PRO-1 dye in Neuro-2a cells through P2X7 ion channels and significantly reduced the stable calcium response in these cells. The complex formation of the peptides with the P2X7R extracellular domain was determined via SPR analysis. Thus, these peptides may be considered promising compounds to protect neuronal cells against PD inductors, which act as ROS production inhibitors and partially act as ATP-induced P2X7R activation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kvetkina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (E.Y.); (R.K.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Evgeny Pislyagin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (E.Y.); (R.K.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Ekaterina Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (E.Y.); (R.K.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Ekaterina Yurchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (E.Y.); (R.K.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Rimma Kalina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (E.Y.); (R.K.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Sergei Kozlovskiy
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (E.Y.); (R.K.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Leonid Kaluzhskiy
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya St., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (L.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Alexander Menshov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (E.Y.); (R.K.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Natalia Kim
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (E.Y.); (R.K.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 922, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.P.); (J.T.)
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 922, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.P.); (J.T.)
| | - Alexis Ivanov
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya St., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (L.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Naira Ayvazyan
- L.A. Orbeli Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0028, Armenia;
| | - Elena Leychenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (E.Y.); (R.K.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Dmitry Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (E.Y.); (R.K.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (E.L.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Lau CC, Aminuddin A, Chan KM, Paterson IC, Law LM, Ng PY. Extracellular ATP Induced S-Phase Cell Cycle Arrest via P2Y Receptor-Activated ERK Signaling in Poorly Differentiated Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma SAS Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1170. [PMID: 34833046 PMCID: PMC8624497 DOI: 10.3390/life11111170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP in the tumor microenvironment exhibits either pro- or antitumor effect via interaction with P2Y receptors, but the intracellular signaling and functional roles of P2Y receptors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are unclear. We aimed to study the effect of ATP on OSCC cell lines and the potential mechanisms involved. Through GEPIA dataset analysis, high expression levels of mRNA encoding P2Y receptors, the ATP-induced G protein-coupled receptors, were associated with better overall patient survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. qPCR analysis showed that the poorly differentiated OSCC SAS cell line, had higher P2RY1 expression level compared to the well-differentiated H103 and H376 cell lines. Western blotting and flow cytometry analyses revealed that ATP phosphorylated ERK and elevated intracellular calcium signaling in all tested cell lines. A significant S-phase cell cycle arrest was observed in SAS, and preincubation with the MEK inhibitor PD0325901 reversed the ATP-induced S-phase arrest. We further demonstrated that ATP induced a slight reduction in cell count and colony formation yet significant apoptosis in SAS. Overall, we postulate that the ATP-induced S-phase arrest effect in SAS cells may be regulated through P2Y receptor-mediated ERK signaling, thus suggesting a potential antitumor effect of ATP via interaction with its distinct profile of P2Y receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Chih Lau
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (C.C.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.L.)
| | - Amnani Aminuddin
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (C.C.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.L.)
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Ian C. Paterson
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Lok Mun Law
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (C.C.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.L.)
| | - Pei Yuen Ng
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (C.C.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.L.)
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20
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Xu J, Cai S, Zhao J, Xu K, Ji H, Wu C, Xiao J, Wu Y. Advances in the Relationship Between Pyroptosis and Diabetic Neuropathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:753660. [PMID: 34712670 PMCID: PMC8545826 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.753660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a novel programmed cell death process that promotes the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) by activating inflammasomes and gasdermin D (GSDMD), leading to cell swelling and rupture. Pyroptosis is involved in the regulation of the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, and nerve injury. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by long-term hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation. The people have paid more and more attention to the relationship between pyroptosis, diabetes, and its complications, especially its important regulatory significance in diabetic neurological diseases, such as diabetic encephalopathy (DE) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). This article will give an in-depth overview of the relationship between pyroptosis, diabetes, and its related neuropathy, and discuss the regulatory pathway and significance of pyroptosis in diabetes-associated neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Xu
- Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shufang Cai
- Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Ji
- Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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21
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Golzari-Sorkheh M, Brown CE, Weaver DF, Reed MA. The NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:579-598. [PMID: 34569958 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Although AD is one of the most socioeconomically devastating diseases confronting humanity, no "curative" disease modifying drug has been identified. Recent decades have witnessed repeated failures of drug trials and have called into question the utility of the amyloid hypothesis approach to AD therapeutics design. Accordingly, new neurochemical processes are being evaluated and explored as sources of alternative druggable targets. Among these newly identified targets, neuroinflammation is emerging as a front-runner, and within the realm of neuroinflammation, the inflammasome, particularly the NLRP3 complex, is garnering focussed attention. This review summarizes current data and approaches to understanding the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in neuroinflammation and AD, and systematically identifies and evaluates multiple targets within the NLRP3 inflammasome cascade as putative drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark A Reed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Purohit R, Bera AK. Pannexin 1 plays a pro-survival role by attenuating P2X7 receptor-mediated Ca 2+ influx. Cell Calcium 2021; 99:102458. [PMID: 34479067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP works as an autocrine and/or paracrine signaling molecule by activating plasma membrane-localized purinergic receptors. Stimulation of purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) increases cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]c), which in turn activates Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channel. In earlier studies, Panx1 and P2X7R have been shown to interact physically. Also, both the channels have been implicated in similar pathophysiological processes. In this study, we investigated the effect of Panx1 on P2X7R-mediated Ca2+influx. Panx1 attenuated P2X7R-mediated [Ca2+]c rise in CHO-K1 and HEK-293 cells. [Ca2+]c rise was higher in Panx1 knockdown astrocytes. The inhibitory effect was unaffected in the presence of Panx1 blocker, carbenoxolone. The region between 350th and 386th amino acid residues in the carboxyl terminus (CT) of Panx1 was found to be crucial for inhibiting P2X7R. Like full-length Panx1, the CT (350th to 426th amino acids) alone was able to attenuate the [Ca2+]c rise. Further, CT prevented cell death caused by P2X7R overactivation. Based on our results, we propose a novel pro-survival role of Panx1 exerted by modulating P2X7R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutambhara Purohit
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Amal Kanti Bera
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
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Activation of Cx43 Hemichannels Induces the Generation of Ca 2+ Oscillations in White Adipocytes and Stimulates Lipolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158095. [PMID: 34360859 PMCID: PMC8347185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanisms of Ca2+ oscillation generation upon activation of connexin-43 and regulation of the lipolysis/lipogenesis balance in white adipocytes through vesicular ATP release. With fluorescence microscopy it was revealed that a decrease in the concentration of extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]ex) results in two types of Ca2+ responses in white adipocytes: Ca2+ oscillations and transient Ca2+ signals. It was found that activation of the connexin half-channels is involved in the generation of Ca2+ oscillations, since the blockers of the connexin hemichannels-carbenoxolone, octanol, proadifen and Gap26-as well as Cx43 gene knockdown led to complete suppression of these signals. The activation of Cx43 in response to the reduction of [Ca2+]ex was confirmed by TIRF microscopy. It was shown that in response to the activation of Cx43, ATP-containing vesicles were released from the adipocytes. This process was suppressed by knockdown of the Cx43 gene and by bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of vacuolar ATPase. At the level of intracellular signaling, the generation of Ca2+ oscillations in white adipocytes in response to a decrease in [Ca2+]ex occurred due to the mobilization of the Ca2+ ions from the thapsigargin-sensitive Ca2+ pool of IP3R as a result of activation of the purinergic P2Y1 receptors and phosphoinositide signaling pathway. After activation of Cx43 and generation of the Ca2+ oscillations, changes in the expression levels of key genes and their encoding proteins involved in the regulation of lipolysis were observed in white adipocytes. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in the number of adipocytes containing lipid droplets, while inhibition or knockdown of Cx43 led to inhibition of lipolysis and accumulation of lipid droplets. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of Ca2+ oscillation generation in white adipocytes in response to a decrease in the concentration of Ca2+ ions in the external environment and established an interplay between periodic Ca2+ modes and the regulation of the lipolysis/lipogenesis balance.
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Abstract
Potassium is an essential mineral nutrient required by all living cells for normal physiological function. Therefore, maintaining intracellular potassium homeostasis during bacterial infection is a requirement for the survival of both host and pathogen. However, pathogenic bacteria require potassium transport to fulfill nutritional and chemiosmotic requirements, and potassium has been shown to directly modulate virulence gene expression, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation. Host cells also require potassium to maintain fundamental biological processes, such as renal function, muscle contraction, and neuronal transmission; however, potassium flux also contributes to critical immunological and antimicrobial processes, such as cytokine production and inflammasome activation. Here, we review the role and regulation of potassium transport and signaling during infection in both mammalian and bacterial cells and highlight the importance of potassium to the success and survival of each organism.
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25
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P2X7 receptor in multifaceted cellular signalling and its relevance as a potential therapeutic target in different diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174235. [PMID: 34097884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
P2X7 receptor, a purinergic receptor family member, is abundantly expressed on many cells, including immune, muscle, bone, neuron, and glia. It acts as an ATP-activated cation channel that permits the influx of Ca2+, Na+ and efflux of K+ ions. The P2X7 receptor plays crucial roles in many physiological processes including cytokine and chemokine secretion, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, cellular growth and differentiation, locomotion, wound healing, transcription factors activation, cell death and T-lymphocyte survival. Past studies have demonstrated the up-regulation and direct association of this receptor in many pathophysiological conditions such as cancer, diabetics, arthritis, tuberculosis (TB) and inflammatory diseases. Hence, targeting this receptor is considered a worthwhile approach to lessen the afflictions associated with the disorders mentioned above by understanding the receptor architecture and downstream signalling processes. Here, in the present review, we have dissected the structural and functional aspects of the P2X7 receptor, emphasizing its role in various diseased conditions. This information will provide in-depth knowledge about the receptor and help to develop apt curative methodologies for the betterment of humanity in the coming years.
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26
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Ribet ABP, Ng PY, Pavlos NJ. Membrane Transport Proteins in Osteoclasts: The Ins and Outs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:644986. [PMID: 33718388 PMCID: PMC7952445 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During bone resorption, the osteoclast must sustain an extraordinarily low pH environment, withstand immense ionic pressures, and coordinate nutrient and waste exchange across its membrane to sustain its unique structural and functional polarity. To achieve this, osteoclasts are equipped with an elaborate set of membrane transport proteins (pumps, transporters and channels) that serve as molecular ‘gatekeepers’ to regulate the bilateral exchange of ions, amino acids, metabolites and macromolecules across the ruffled border and basolateral domains. Whereas the importance of the vacuolar-ATPase proton pump and chloride voltage-gated channel 7 in osteoclasts has long been established, comparatively little is known about the contributions of other membrane transport proteins, including those categorized as secondary active transporters. In this Special Issue review, we provide a contemporary update on the ‘ins and outs’ of membrane transport proteins implicated in osteoclast differentiation, function and bone homeostasis and discuss their therapeutic potential for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B P Ribet
- Bone Biology and Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Pei Ying Ng
- Bone Biology and Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Nathan J Pavlos
- Bone Biology and Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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27
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Barczyk A, Bauderlique‐Le Roy H, Jouy N, Renault N, Hottin A, Millet R, Vouret‐Craviari V, Adriouch S, Idziorek T, Dezitter X. Flow cytometry: An accurate tool for screening
P2RX7
modulators. Cytometry A 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Barczyk
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 – Infinite – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France
| | - Hélène Bauderlique‐Le Roy
- Univ. Lille, UMS 2014‐US 41 PLBS BICel, Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Institut Pasteur de Lille Lille cedex France
| | - Nathalie Jouy
- Univ. Lille, UMS 2014‐US 41 PLBS BICel, Flow Cytometry Core Facility, IRCL, 1 place de Verdun Lille cedex France
| | - Nicolas Renault
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 – Infinite – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France
| | - Audrey Hottin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 – Infinite – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France
| | - Régis Millet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 – Infinite – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France
| | - Valérie Vouret‐Craviari
- University Cote d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, IRCAN U1081 UMR CNRS 7284 Nice France
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, Neuromuscular Diseases and Regenerative THERapies (PANTHER) Rouen France
| | - Thierry Idziorek
- Univ. Lille, UMS 2014‐US 41 PLBS BICel, Flow Cytometry Core Facility, IRCL, 1 place de Verdun Lille cedex France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut de Recherche contre le Cancer de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR‐S 1277 ‐ Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies Lille France
| | - Xavier Dezitter
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 – Infinite – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France
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Li WH, Han JR, Ren PP, Xie Y, Jiang DY. Exploration of the mechanism of Zisheng Shenqi decoction against gout arthritis using network pharmacology. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 90:107358. [PMID: 33243703 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, the network pharmacological methods were used to predict the target of effective components of compounds in Zisheng Shenqi Decoction (ZSD, or Nourishing Kidney Qi Decoction) in the treatment of gouty arthritis (GA). METHOD The main effective components and corresponding key targets of herbs in the ZSD were discerned through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis (TCMSP), Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM) database. UniProt database and Swiss Target Prediction (STP) database was used to rectify and unify the target names and supply the target information. The targets related to GA were obtained by using GeneCards database. After we discovered the potential common targets between ZSD and GA, the interaction network diagram of "ZSD-component-GA-target" was constructed by Cytoscape software (Version 3.7.1). Subsequently, the Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of ZSD effective components-targets and GA-related targets was constructed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes Database (STRING). Bioconductor package "org.Hs.eg.db" and "cluster profiler" package were installed in R software (Version 3.6.0) which used for Gene Ontology analysis and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS 146 components and 613 targets of 11 herbal medicines in the ZSD were got from TCMSP database and BATMAN-TCM database. 987 targets of GA were obtained from GeneCards database. After intersected and removed duplications, 132 common targets between ZSD and GA were screened out by Cytoscape software (Version 3.7.1). These common targets derived from 81 effective components of 146 components, such as quercetin, stigmasterol and kaempferol. They were closely related to anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti oxidative stress and the principal targets comprised of Purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2x7R), Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and IL-1β. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis by R software (Version 3.6.0) showed that the key target genes had close relationship with oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic process and leukocyte migration in aspects of biological process, cell components and molecular function. It also indicated that ZSD could decrease inflammatory reaction, alleviate ROS accumulation and attenuate pain by regulating P2 × 7R and NOD like receptor signaling pathway of inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSION A total of 81 effective components and 132 common target genes between ZSD and GA were screened by network pharmacology. The PPI network, GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that ZSD can exerte anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on the treatment of GA by reducing decreasing inflammatory reaction, alleviating ROS accumulation, and attenuating pain. The possible molecular mechanism of it mainly involved multiple components, multiple targets and multiple signaling pathways, which provided a comprehensive understanding for further study. In general, the network pharmacological method applied in this study provides an alternative strategy for the mechanism of ZSD in the treatment of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- Department of Synopsis of The Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - Jie-Ru Han
- Department of Synopsis of The Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - Peng-Peng Ren
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Synopsis of The Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - De-You Jiang
- Department of Synopsis of The Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
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29
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Alberto AVP, da Silva Ferreira NC, Soares RF, Alves LA. Molecular Modeling Applied to the Discovery of New Lead Compounds for P2 Receptors Based on Natural Sources. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:01221. [PMID: 33117147 PMCID: PMC7553047 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
P2 receptors are a family of transmembrane receptors activated by nucleotides and nucleosides. Two classes have been described in mammals, P2X and P2Y, which are implicated in various diseases. Currently, only P2Y12 has medicines approved for clinical use as antiplatelet agents and natural products have emerged as a source of new drugs with action on P2 receptors due to the diversity of chemical structures. In drug discovery, in silico virtual screening (VS) techniques have become popular because they have numerous advantages, which include the evaluation of thousands of molecules against a target, usually proteins, faster and cheaper than classical high throughput screening (HTS). The number of studies using VS techniques has been growing in recent years and has led to the discovery of new molecules of natural origin with action on different P2X and P2Y receptors. Using different algorithms it is possible to obtain information on absorption, distribution, metabolism, toxicity, as well as predictions on biological activity and the lead-likeness of the selected hits. Selected biomolecules may then be tested by molecular dynamics and, if necessary, rationally designed or modified to improve their interaction for the target. The algorithms of these in silico tools are being improved to permit the precision development of new drugs and, in the future, this process will take the front of drug development against some central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Therefore, this review discusses the methodologies of in silico tools concerning P2 receptors, as well as future perspectives and discoveries, such as the employment of artificial intelligence in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anael Viana Pinto Alberto
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Ferreira Soares
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Anastacio Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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30
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Kolbrink B, Riebeling T, Kunzendorf U, Krautwald S. Plasma Membrane Pores Drive Inflammatory Cell Death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:817. [PMID: 32974349 PMCID: PMC7471660 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis and pyroptosis are two forms of regulated cell death. They are executed by the proteins mixed-lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) and gasdermin D (GSDMD), respectively. Once activated by numerous pathways, these proteins form membrane pores that allow the influx and efflux of various ions, proteins, and water, ultimately resulting in the death of the cell. These modalities of cell death are considered highly inflammatory because of the release of inflammatory cytokines and damage-associated molecular patterns, and are thereby not only deleterious for the dying cell itself, but also its environment or the entire organism. The relevance for these processes has been observed in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions, ranging from viral and bacterial infections over autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases to ischemic organ damage. In recent years, initial in vitro experiments have shed light on a range of connections between necroptosis and pyroptosis. Initial in vivo studies also indicate that, in many disease models, these two forms of cell death cannot be considered individually, as they demonstrate a complex interaction. In this article, we provide an overview of the currently known structure, pathways of activation, and functions of MLKL and GSDMD. With emerging evidence for an interconnection between necroptosis and pyroptosis in not only in vitro, but also in vivo models of disease, we highlight in particular the clinical relevance of the crosslinks between these two forms of inflammatory cell death and their implications for novel therapeutic strategies in a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Kolbrink
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Theresa Riebeling
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kunzendorf
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Krautwald
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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31
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da Silva Ferreira NC, Alves LA, Soares-Bezerra RJ. Potential Therapeutic Applications of P2 Receptor Antagonists: From Bench to Clinical Trials. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:919-937. [PMID: 30760187 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190213095923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular purines and pyrimidines have important physiological functions in mammals. Purines and pyrimidines act on P1 and P2 purinergic receptors, which are widely expressed in the plasma membrane in various cell types. P2 receptors act as important therapeutic targets and are associated with several disorders, such as pain, neurodegeneration, cancer, inflammation, and thrombosis. However, the use of antagonists for P2 receptors in clinical therapy, with the exception of P2Y12, is a great challenge. Currently, many research groups and pharmaceutical companies are working on the development of specific antagonist molecules for each receptor subtype that could be used as new medicines to treat their respective disorders. OBJECTIVE The present review compiles some interesting findings on the application of P2 receptor antagonists in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models as well as the progress of advanced clinical trials with these compounds. CONCLUSION Despite all of the exciting results obtained on the bench, few antagonists of P2 receptors advanced to the clinical trials, and once they reach this stage, the effectiveness of the therapy is not guaranteed, as in the example of P2X7 antagonists. Despite this, P2Y12 receptor antagonists have a history of success and have been used in therapy for at least two decades to prevent thrombosis in patients at risk for myocardial infarctions. This breakthrough is the motivation for scientists to develop new drugs with antagonistic activity for the other P2 receptors; thus, in a matter of years, we will have an evolution in the field of purinergic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natiele C da Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040- 360, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040- 360, Brazil
| | - Rômulo J Soares-Bezerra
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
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Andrejew R, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Ribeiro DE, Glaser T, Arnaud-Sampaio VF, Lameu C, Ulrich H. The P2X7 Receptor: Central Hub of Brain Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:124. [PMID: 32848594 PMCID: PMC7413029 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is a cation channel activated by high concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Upon long-term activation, it complexes with membrane proteins forming a wide pore that leads to cell death and increased release of ATP into the extracellular milieu. The P2X7 receptor is widely expressed in the CNS, such as frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and striatum, regions involved in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Despite P2X7 receptor functions in glial cells have been extensively studied, the existence and roles of this receptor in neurons are still controversially discussed. Regardless, P2X7 receptors mediate several processes observed in neuropsychiatric disorders and brain tumors, such as activation of neuroinflammatory response, stimulation of glutamate release and neuroplasticity impairment. Moreover, P2X7 receptor gene polymorphisms have been associated to depression, and isoforms of P2X7 receptors are implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases. In view of that, the P2X7 receptor has been proposed to be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in brain diseases. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying P2X7 receptor-mediated signaling in neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, and brain tumors. In addition, it highlights the recent advances in the development of P2X7 receptor antagonists that are able of penetrating the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Andrejew
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Deidiane Elisa Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudiana Lameu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Metformin ameliorates the NLPP3 inflammasome mediated pyroptosis by inhibiting the expression of NEK7 in diabetic periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 116:104763. [PMID: 32480011 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the underlying mechanism between diabetic periodontitis and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome associated pyroptosis. DESIGN Experimental models of diabetes-associated periodontitis were implemented in db/db mice. We detected NLRP3 inflammasome related cytokines and gasdermin D (GSDMD) both in vitro and in vivo. We performed bioinformatics predictions based on microarray analysis using bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). RESULTS Diabetes-associated periodontitis mice exhibited the worst fasting glucose and alveolar bone destruction. GSDMD positive cells and NLRP3 inflammasome expression were augmented in gingival tissue, which were partly reversed by metformin. In vitro data suggested NLRP3 inflammasomes stimuli induced cell pyroptotic death and deletion of NLRP3 decreased GSDMD expression. We found a profile of differential lncRNAs expression and three co-expressed lncRNAs of nlrp3 and gsdmd in BMDMs. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that NLRP3 mediated pyroptosis has a significant role in diabetes-associated periodontitis. The pyroptotic cell death may be the pivot reason of the deteriorated inflammation in this disease, which is ameliorated by metformin treatment. Moreover, the role of both NLRP3 and GSDMD may be regulated by lncRNA_1810058I24Rik, lncRNA_Gm12474 and lncRNA_Gm41514.
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The NLRP3 Inflammasome: An Overview of Mechanisms of Activation and Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133328. [PMID: 31284572 PMCID: PMC6651423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1926] [Impact Index Per Article: 385.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical component of the innate immune system that mediates caspase-1 activation and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β/IL-18 in response to microbial infection and cellular damage. However, the aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been linked with several inflammatory disorders, which include cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by diverse stimuli, and multiple molecular and cellular events, including ionic flux, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the production of reactive oxygen species, and lysosomal damage have been shown to trigger its activation. How NLRP3 responds to those signaling events and initiates the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome is not fully understood. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by multiple signaling events, and its regulation by post-translational modifications and interacting partners of NLRP3.
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Soares-Bezerra RJ, da Silva Ferreira NC, de Almeida Alves TM, Zani CL, Rosa LH, Faria RX, da Silva Frutuoso V, Alves LA. A new insight into purinergic pharmacology: Three fungal species as natural P2X7R antagonists. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2319-2328. [PMID: 31264271 PMCID: PMC6771832 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo José Soares-Bezerra
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Tânia Maria de Almeida Alves
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Bioactive Natural Products, René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos Leomar Zani
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Bioactive Natural Products, René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Laboratory of Polar Microbiology and Tropical Connections, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson Xavier Faria
- Laboratory of Toxoplasmosis and other Protozoosis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Válber da Silva Frutuoso
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Anastacio Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Westerlund E, Valfridsson C, Yi DX, Persson JJ. The Secreted Virulence Factor NADase of Group A Streptococcus Inhibits P2X7 Receptor-Mediated Release of IL-1β. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1385. [PMID: 31275321 PMCID: PMC6591467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The common human pathogen Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes superficial as well as invasive, life-threatening diseases. An increase in the occurrence of invasive GAS infection by strains of the M1 and M89 serotypes has been correlated with increased expression of the genetically and functionally linked virulence factors streptolysin O (SLO) and β-NAD+-glycohydrolase (NADase). NADase affects host cells differently depending on its location: its SLO-dependent translocation into the cytosol can lead to cell death through β-NAD+ depletion, while extracellularly located NADase inhibits IL-1β release downstream of Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. In this study, we use a macrophage infection model to investigate the NADase-dependent inhibition of IL-1β release. We show that bacteria expressing a functional NADase evade P2X7 activation, while infection with a NADase-deficient GAS strain leads to a P2X7-mediated increase in IL-1β. Further, our data indicate that in the absence of NADase, IL-1β is released through both P2X7-dependent and -independent pathways, although the precise mechanisms of how this occur are still unclear. This study adds information about the mechanism by which NADase regulates inflammasome-dependent IL-1β release, which may in part explain why increased NADase expression correlates with bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Westerlund
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christine Valfridsson
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daisy X Yi
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jenny J Persson
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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The role of microglia and P2X7 receptors in gliomas. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 332:138-146. [PMID: 31031209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent tumours of the central nervous system and present with high morbidity and mortality. The most common and most aggressive form of glioma is glioblastoma multiforme, of which patients have a median survival time of only 12 to 15 months. Current treatment options are limited and have a small impact on clinical outcome and prognosis. There is accumulating evidence that microglia, the immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system, and the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) may contribute to tumour progression and pathology. Importantly, P2X7R on both tumour cells and infiltrating microglia is overexpressed in animal and human glioma cultures. Factors released by glioma cells and P2X7R activation recruit microglia into the largely immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment where they have been demonstrated to contribute to either tumour proliferation or tumour suppression. It is likely that P2X7R mediates a range of microglia effector functions in the glioma setting, potentially increasing tumour growth and proliferation. This review evaluates current evidence on the roles of microglia and P2X7R in glioma pathogenesis. Understanding the nature, mechanisms and outcomes of microglia and P2X7R activation in gliomas is necessary for the development of more therapies with increased efficacy and specificity.
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Dispelling myths about connexins, pannexins and P2X7 in hypoxic-ischemic central nervous system. Neurosci Lett 2019; 695:76-85. [PMID: 29195910 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In membrane physiology, as in other fields, myths or speculations may be repeated so often and so widely that they are perceived as facts. To some extent, this has occurred with regard to gap junctions, hemichannels, pannexin channels and P2X7 (ionotropic receptors), especially concerning the interpretation of the individual role of these channels in hypoxic-ischemic CNS since these channels may be closed by the same pharmacological blockers. Significance of existing controversial data are highlighted and contradictory views from different groups are critically discussed herein.
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Voo VTF, O'Brien T, Butzkueven H, Monif M. The role of vitamin D and P2X7R in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 330:159-169. [PMID: 30908981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by neuroinflammatory infiltrates and central nervous system demyelination. In the neuroinflammatory foci of MS there is increased expression of a purinergic receptor, P2X7R. Although implicated in the neuroinflammation, the exact role of P2X7R in the context of MS is unclear and forms the basis of this review. In this review, we also introduce the immunopathologies and inflammatory processes in MS, with a focus on P2X7R and the possible immunomodulatory role of vitamin D deficiency in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Tsin Fong Voo
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terence O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
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He H, Liu D, Long Y, Wang X, Yao B. The Pannexin-1 Channel Inhibitor Probenecid Attenuates Skeletal Muscle Cellular Energy Crisis and Histopathological Injury in a Rabbit Endotoxemia Model. Inflammation 2019; 41:2030-2040. [PMID: 30014232 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of probenecid (Pro) as an inhibitor of the pannexin-1 (Panx-1) channel-mediated release of intracellular ATP to the extracellular compartment on inflammation, cellular energy crisis, and organ injury in a rabbit sepsis model induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS). A total of 24 anesthetized and ventilated rabbits were randomly assigned to receive one of four treatments: infusion of LPS without Pro (LPS group), infusion of LPS with Pro (LPS + Pro group), sham operation without Pro (normal group), and sham operation with Pro (normal + Pro group). The LPS group had significantly higher serum ATP levels, serum inflammatory factor levels (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), and lower ATP concentrations and ATP/ADP ratios in the skeletal muscle tissue than the normal group. Compared to that at baseline, the expression of Panx-1 in peripheral blood cells increased significantly after the infusion of LPS (fluorescence intensity of Panx-1: T0 (baseline) vs. T1 (post-LPS) = 10 ± 1.2 vs. 84 ± 48, P < 0.0001; paired differences 73 ± 46, P = 0.024). Moreover, the LPS group exhibited higher expression of Panx-1 in the skeletal muscle tissue than the normal group. The serum ATP level was significantly positively correlated with IL-1β (R = 0.602, P = 0.001), IL-6 (R = 0.381, P = 0.033), and TNF-α (R = 0.514, P = 0.005) in 24 paired measurements. Compared to the LPS group, the LPS + Pro group had significantly lower levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and serum ATP. In the skeletal muscle tissue, the LPS + Pro group also had a higher ATP concentration (1.1 ± 0.15 vs. 1.33 ± 0.17, P = 0.041) and ATP/ADP ratio (0.37 ± 0.03 vs. 0.51 ± 0.06, P = 0.002) and a lower histopathological damage score (4.67 ± 0.52 vs. 3 ± 0.63, P = 0.004). An overexpression of Panx-1 channel might be responsible for the strong inflammatory response, high serum ATP level, and skeletal muscle cellular energy crisis and histopathological damages in sepsis. Inhibiting Panx-1 channel-mediated release of intracellular ATP could decrease the above-mentioned injuries, and Panx-1 might be a potential therapeutic target in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiwu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yun Long
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bo Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
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Xia Y, Chen S, Zhu G, Huang R, Yin Y, Ren W. Betaine Inhibits Interleukin-1β Production and Release: Potential Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2670. [PMID: 30515160 PMCID: PMC6255979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaine is a critical nutrient for mammal health, and has been found to alleviate inflammation by lowering interleukin (IL)-1β secretion; however, the underlying mechanisms by which betaine inhibits IL-1β secretion remain to be uncovered. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the mechanisms of betaine in IL-1β production and release. For IL-1β production, betaine affects canonical and non-canonical inflammasome-mediated processing of IL-1β through signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, NLRP3 and caspase-8/11. For IL-1β release, betaine inhibits IL-1β release through blocking the exocytosis of IL-1β-containing secretory lysosomes, reducing the shedding of IL-1β-containing plasma membrane microvesicles, suppressing the exocytosis of IL-1β-containing exosomes, and attenuating the passive efflux of IL-1β across hyperpermeable plasma membrane during pyroptotic cell death, which are associated with ERK1/2/PLA2 and caspase-8/A-SMase signaling pathways. Collectively, this review highlights the anti-inflammatory property of betaine by inhibiting the production and release of IL-1β, and indicates the potential application of betaine supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in various inflammatory diseases associating with IL-1β secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoo Noses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Academics Working Station at The First Affiliated Hospital, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoo Noses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Purinergic Vasotoxicity: Role of the Pore/Oxidant/K ATP Channel/Ca 2+ Pathway in P2X 7-Induced Cell Death in Retinal Capillaries. Vision (Basel) 2018; 2. [PMID: 30288454 PMCID: PMC6166475 DOI: 10.3390/vision2030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptor/channels in the retinal microvasculature not only regulate vasomotor activity, but can also trigger cells in the capillaries to die. While it is known that this purinergic vasotoxicity is dependent on the transmembrane pores that form during P2X7 activation, events linking pore formation with cell death remain uncertain. To better understand this pathophysiological process, we used YO-PRO-1 uptake, dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, perforated-patch recordings, fura-2 imaging and trypan blue dye exclusion to assess the effects of the P2X7 agonist, benzoylbenzoyl-ATP (BzATP), on pore formation, oxidant production, ion channel activation, [Ca2+]i and cell viability. Experiments demonstrated that exposure of retinal microvessels to BzATP increases capillary cell oxidants via a mechanism dependent on pore formation and the enzyme, NADPH oxidase. Indicative that oxidation plays a key role in purinergic vasotoxicity, an inhibitor of this enzyme completely prevented BzATP-induced death. We further discovered that vasotoxicity was boosted 4-fold by a pathway involving the oxidation-driven activation of hyperpolarizing KATP channels and the resulting increase in calcium influx. Our findings revealed that the previously unappreciated pore/oxidant/KATP channel/Ca2+ pathway accounts for 75% of the capillary cell death triggered by sustained activation of P2X7 receptor/channels. Elucidation of this pathway is of potential therapeutic importance since purinergic vasotoxicity may play a role in sight-threatening disorders such as diabetic retinopathy.
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Purinergic modulation of frog electroretinographic responses: The role of the ionotropic receptor P2X7. Vis Neurosci 2018; 34:E015. [PMID: 28965497 DOI: 10.1017/s0952523817000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of the purinergic receptors P2X7 (P2X7Rs) to the electroretinographic (ERG) responses was studied by testing the effects of the selective P2X7R antagonist A438079 and the selective P2X7R agonist Bz-ATP on the electroretinograms obtained in perfused frog (Rana ridibunda) eyecup preparations under a variety of stimulation conditions. The P2X7R blockade by 200 µM A438079 diminished the amplitude of the photoreceptor components: the a-wave and the pharmacologically isolated mass receptor potential. In the pure rod-driven and pure cone-driven responses, the amplitude of the postreceptoral ON (b-wave) and OFF (d-wave) components was also diminished. The OFF responses were affected to a greater extent compared to the ON responses. In the mixed rod- and cone-driven responses, obtained in the mesopic intensity range, the b-wave amplitude was increased, while the d-wave amplitude was decreased. The amplitude of the oscillatory potentials was diminished. The relative amplitude changes produced by the P2X7R blockade were greater in the dark-adapted compared to the light-adapted eyes. The application of 100 µM Bz-ATP produced small effects opposite to those of the antagonist, while a prolonged (>20 min) treatment with 1 mM Bz-ATP resulted in a significant amplitude reduction or even abolishment of b- and d-waves. Our results show that endogenous ATP through its P2X7Rs exerts significant, mostly potentiating effects on the ERG photoreceptor and postreceptoral responses. There is a clear ON/OFF asymmetry of the effects on the ERG postreceptoral responses favoring OFF responses: they are always strongly potentiated, while the ON responses are either less potentiated (in the rod-driven and most of the cone-driven responses) or even inhibited (in the mixed rod- and cone-driven responses). The overstimulation of P2X7Rs can produce acute pathological changes, that is, a decrease or abolishment of the ERG responses.
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Wei L, Syed Mortadza SA, Yan J, Zhang L, Wang L, Yin Y, Li C, Chalon S, Emond P, Belzung C, Li D, Lu C, Roger S, Jiang LH. ATP-activated P2X7 receptor in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and as an emerging target for the development of novel antidepressant therapeutics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 87:192-205. [PMID: 29453990 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders are a group of psychiatric conditions that represent leading global disease burdens. Increasing evidence from clinical and preclinical studies supports that innate immune system dysfunction plays an important part in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. P2X7 receptor, belonging to the ligand-gated ion channel P2X subfamily of purinergic P2 receptors for extracellular ATP, is highly expressed in immune cells including microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) and has a vital role in mediating innate immune response. The P2X7 receptor is also important in neuron-glia signalling in the CNS. The gene encoding human P2X7 receptor is located in a locus of susceptibility to mood disorders. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress in understanding the role of the P2X7 receptor in the pathogenesis and development of mood disorders and in discovering CNS-penetrable P2X7 antagonists for potential uses in in vivo imaging to monitor brain inflammation and antidepressant therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Wei
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sharifah A Syed Mortadza
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jing Yan
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Yaling Yin
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Chaokun Li
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- Inserm UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Emond
- Inserm UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Nucléaire In Vitro, Tours, France
| | | | - Dongliang Li
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China; Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Chengbiao Lu
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China; Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Sebastien Roger
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université de Tours, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Faria R, Oliveira F, Salles J, Oliveira A, von Ranke N, Bello M, Rodrigues C, Castro H, Louvis A, Martins D, Ferreira V. 1,4-Naphthoquinones potently inhibiting P2X7 receptor activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:1361-1372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Karasawa A, Kawate T. High-throughput YO-PRO-1 Uptake Assay for P2X7 Receptors Expressed in HEK Cells. Bio Protoc 2018. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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47
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Karasawa A, Michalski K, Mikhelzon P, Kawate T. The P2X7 receptor forms a dye-permeable pore independent of its intracellular domain but dependent on membrane lipid composition. eLife 2017; 6:31186. [PMID: 28920575 PMCID: PMC5624784 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor mediates extracellular ATP signaling implicated in the development of devastating diseases such as chronic pain and cancer. Activation of the P2X7 receptor leads to opening of the characteristic dye-permeable membrane pore for molecules up to ~900 Da. However, it remains controversial what constitutes this peculiar pore and how it opens. Here we show that the panda receptor, when purified and reconstituted into liposomes, forms an intrinsic dye-permeable pore in the absence of other cellular components. Unexpectedly, we found that this pore opens independent of its unique C-terminal domain. We also found that P2X7 channel activity is facilitated by phosphatidylglycerol and sphingomyelin, but dominantly inhibited by cholesterol through direct interactions with the transmembrane domain. In combination with cell-based functional studies, our data suggest that the P2X7 receptor itself constitutes a lipid-composition dependent dye-permeable pore, whose opening is facilitated by palmitoylated cysteines near the pore-lining helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Karasawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Kevin Michalski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Polina Mikhelzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Toshimitsu Kawate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
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48
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Whyte-Fagundes P, Zoidl G. Mechanisms of pannexin1 channel gating and regulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1860:65-71. [PMID: 28735901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pannexins are a family of integral membrane proteins with distinct post-translational modifications, sub-cellular localization and tissue distribution. Panx1 is the most studied and best-characterized isoform of this gene family. The ubiquitous expression, as well as its function as a major ATP release and nucleotide permeation channel, makes Panx1 a primary candidate for participating in the pathophysiology of CNS disorders. While many investigations revolve around Panx1 functions in health and disease, more recently, details started emerging about mechanisms that control Panx1 channel activity. These advancements in Panx1 biology have revealed that beyond its classical role as an unopposed plasma membrane channel, it participates in alternative pathways involving multiple intracellular compartments, protein complexes and a myriad of extracellular participants. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of Panx1 at the center of these pathways, highlighting its modulation in a context specific manner. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Gap Junction Proteins edited by Jean Claude Herve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg Zoidl
- Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada; Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada.
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49
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Targeting the P2X7 Receptor in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Vision (Basel) 2017; 1:vision1020011. [PMID: 31740637 PMCID: PMC6836166 DOI: 10.3390/vision1020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a membrane receptor for the extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It functions as a ligand-gated non-selective cation channel and can mediate formation of a large non-selective membrane pore. Activation of the P2X7R induces multiple downstream events, including oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and cell death. Although the P2X7R has been identified in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and different layers of retina, its biological and pathological functions as well as its downstream signaling pathways in the RPE and retina are not yet fully understood. Better understanding of the function of P2X7R in the RPE and retina under normal and disease states might lead to novel therapeutic targets in retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This brief review will mainly focus on recent findings on in vitro and in vivo evidence for the role of the P2X7R in the RPE and AMD.
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50
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Giuliani AL, Sarti AC, Falzoni S, Di Virgilio F. The P2X7 Receptor-Interleukin-1 Liaison. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:123. [PMID: 28360855 PMCID: PMC5353276 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plays a central role in stimulation of innate immune system and inflammation and in several chronic inflammatory diseases. These include rare hereditary conditions, e.g., auto-inflammatory syndromes, as well as common pathologies, such as type II diabetes, gout and atherosclerosis. A better understanding of IL-1β synthesis and release is particularly relevant for the design of novel anti-inflammatory drugs. One of the molecules mainly involved in IL-1β maturation is the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), an ATP-gated ion channel that chiefly acts through the recruitment of the NLRP3 inflammasome-caspase-1 complex. In this review, we will summarize evidence supporting the key role of the P2X7R in IL-1β production, with special emphasis on the mechanism of release, a process that is still a matter of controversy. Four different models have been proposed: (i) exocytosis via secretory lysosomes, (ii) microvesicles shedding from plasma membrane, (iii) release of exosomes, and (iv) passive efflux across a leaky plasma membrane during pyroptotic cell death. All these models involve the P2X7R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Giuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alba C Sarti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
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