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Ramirez-Velez I, Namjoshi AA, Effiong UM, Peppas NA, Belardi B. Paracellular Delivery of Protein Drugs with Smart EnteroPatho Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39096293 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
A general platform for the safe and effective oral delivery of biologics would revolutionize the administration of protein-based drugs, improving access for patients and lowering the financial burden on the health-care industry. Because of their dimensions and physiochemical properties, nanomaterials stand as promising vehicles for navigating the complex and challenging environment in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Recent developments have led to materials that protect protein drugs from degradation and enable controlled release in the small intestine, the site of absorption for most proteins. Yet, once present in the small intestine, the protein must transit through the secreted mucus and epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa into systemic circulation, a process that remains a bottleneck for nanomaterial-based delivery. One attractive pathway through the intestinal mucosa is the paracellular route, which avoids cell trafficking and other degradative processes in the interior of cells. Direct flux between cells is regulated by epithelial tight junctions (TJs) that seal the paracellular space and prevent protein flux. Here, we describe a smart nanoparticle system that directly and transiently disrupts TJs for improved protein delivery, an unrealized goal to-date. We take inspiration from enteropathogenic bacteria that adhere to intestinal epithelia and secrete inhibitors that block TJ interactions in the local environment. To mimic these natural mechanisms, we engineer nanoparticles (EnteroPatho NPs) that attach to the epithelial glycocalyx and release TJ modulators in response to the intestinal pH. We show that EnteroPatho NPs lead to TJ disruption and paracellular protein delivery, giving rise to a general platform for oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Ramirez-Velez
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Aditya A Namjoshi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Unyime M Effiong
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brian Belardi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Roodsant TJ, van der Ark KC, Schultsz C. Translocation across a human enteroid monolayer by zoonotic Streptococcus suis correlates with the presence of Gb3-positive cells. iScience 2024; 27:109178. [PMID: 38439959 PMCID: PMC10909756 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause meningitis and septicaemia. The consumption of undercooked pig products is an important risk factor for zoonotic infections, suggesting an oral route of infection. In a human enteroid model, we show that the zoonotic CC1 genotype has a 40% higher translocation frequency than the non-zoonotic CC16 genotype. Translocation occurred without increasing the permeability or disrupting the adherens junctions and tight junctions of the epithelial monolayer. The translocation of zoonotic S. suis was correlated with the presence of Gb3-positive cells, a human glycolipid receptor found on Paneth cells and targeted by multiple enteric pathogens. The virulence factors Streptococcal adhesin Protein and suilysin, known to interact with Gb3, were not essential for translocation in our epithelial model. Thus, the ability to translocate across an enteroid monolayer correlates with S. suis core genome composition and the presence of Gb3-positive cells in the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Roodsant
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kees C.H. van der Ark
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Tokumon R, Sebastián I, Humbel BM, Okura N, Yamanaka H, Yamashiro T, Toma C. Degradation of p0071 and p120-catenin during adherens junction disassembly by Leptospira interrogans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1228051. [PMID: 37795382 PMCID: PMC10545952 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1228051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospira interrogans disseminates hematogenously to reach the target organs by disrupting epithelial adherens junctions (AJs), thus causing leptospirosis, which is a globally neglected zoonotic disease. L. interrogans induces E-cadherin (E-cad) endocytosis and cytoskeletal rearrangement during AJ disassembly, but the detailed mechanism remains unknown. Elucidation of AJ disassembly mechanisms will guide new approaches to developing vaccines and diagnostic methods. In this study, we combine proteomic and imaging analysis with chemical inhibition studies to demonstrate that disrupting the AJs of renal proximal tubule epithelial cells involves the degradation of two armadillo repeat-containing proteins, p0071 and p120-catenin, that stabilize E-cad at the plasma membrane. Combining proteasomal and lysosomal inhibitors substantially prevented p120-catenin degradation, and monolayer integrity destruction without preventing p0071 proteolysis. In contrast, the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK inhibited p0071 proteolysis and displacement of both armadillo repeat-containing proteins from the cell-cell junctions. Our results show that L. interrogans induces p120-catenin and p0071 degradation, which mutually regulates E-cad stability by co-opting multiple cellular degradation pathways. This strategy may allow L. interrogans to disassemble AJs and disseminate through the body efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Tokumon
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Isabel Sebastián
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Bruno M. Humbel
- Provost Office, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
- Microscopy Center, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okura
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamanaka
- Environmental Technology Department, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yamashiro
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Claudia Toma
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Xu S, Mo D, Rizvi FZ, Rosa JP, Ruiz J, Tan S, Tweten RK, Leong JM, Adams W. Pore-forming activity of S. pneumoniae pneumolysin disrupts the paracellular localization of the epithelial adherens junction protein E-cadherin. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0021323. [PMID: 37607057 PMCID: PMC10501216 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00213-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, can cross the respiratory epithelial barrier to cause lethal septicemia and meningitis. S. pneumoniae pore-forming toxin pneumolysin (PLY) triggers robust neutrophil (PMN) infiltration that promotes bacterial transepithelial migration in vitro and disseminated disease in mice. Apical infection of polarized respiratory epithelial monolayers by S. pneumoniae at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 20 resulted in recruitment of PMNs, loss of 50% of the monolayer, and PMN-dependent bacterial translocation. Reducing the MOI to 2 decreased PMN recruitment two-fold and preserved the monolayer, but apical-to-basolateral translocation of S. pneumoniae remained relatively efficient. At both MOI of 2 and 20, PLY was required for maximal PMN recruitment and bacterial translocation. Co-infection by wild-type S. pneumoniae restored translocation by a PLY-deficient mutant, indicating that PLY can act in trans. Investigating the contribution of S. pneumoniae infection on apical junction complexes in the absence of PMN transmigration, we found that S. pneumoniae infection triggered the cleavage and mislocalization of the adherens junction (AJ) protein E-cadherin. This disruption was PLY-dependent at MOI of 2 and was recapitulated by purified PLY, requiring its pore-forming activity. In contrast, at MOI of 20, E-cadherin disruption was independent of PLY, indicating that S. pneumoniae encodes multiple means to disrupt epithelial integrity. This disruption was insufficient to promote bacterial translocation in the absence of PMNs. Thus, S. pneumoniae triggers cleavage and mislocalization of E-cadherin through PLY-dependent and -independent mechanisms, but maximal bacterial translocation across epithelial monolayers requires PLY-dependent neutrophil transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Devons Mo
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Fatima Z. Rizvi
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Juan P. Rosa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Puerto Rico, Cayey, USA
| | - Jorge Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shumin Tan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rodney K. Tweten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, Oklahoma, USA
| | - John M. Leong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance at Tufts (Levy CIMAR), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Walter Adams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, USA
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5
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Fettucciari K, Dini F, Marconi P, Bassotti G. Role of the Alteration in Calcium Homeostasis in Cell Death Induced by Clostridioides difficile Toxin A and Toxin B. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1117. [PMID: 37627001 PMCID: PMC10452684 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile), responsible for 15-25% of gastrointestinal infections, causes health problems mainly due to the toxic activity of toxins A and B (Tcds). These are responsible for its clinical manifestations, including diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon and death, with a mortality of 5-30% in primary infection, that increase following relapses. Studies on Tcd-induced cell death have highlighted a key role of caspases, calpains, and cathepsins, with involvement of mitochondria and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a complex signaling pathway network. The complex response in the execution of various types of cell death (apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis and pyknosis) depends on the amount of Tcd, cell types, and Tcd receptors involved, and could have as initial/precocious event the alterations in calcium homeostasis. The entities, peculiarities and cell types involved in these alterations will decide the signaling pathways activated and cell death type. Calcium homeostasis alterations can be caused by calcium influx through calcium channel activation, transient intracellular calcium oscillations, and leakage of calcium from intracellular stores. These increases in cytoplasmic calcium have important effects on all calcium-regulated molecules, which may play a direct role in several cell death types and/or activate other cell death effectors, such as caspases, calpains, ROS and proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members. Furthermore, some support for the possible role of the calcium homeostasis alteration in Tcd-induced cell death originates from the similarity with cytotoxic effects that cause pore-forming toxins, based mainly on calcium influx through plasma membrane pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Fettucciari
- Biosciences & Medical Embryology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Dini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy;
| | - Pierfrancesco Marconi
- Biosciences & Medical Embryology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Digestive Endoscopy Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
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6
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Pöltl L, Kitsera M, Raffl S, Schild S, Cosic A, Kienesberger S, Unterhauser K, Raber G, Lembacher-Fadum C, Breinbauer R, Gorkiewicz G, Sebastian C, Hoefler G, Zechner EL. Microbiota-derived genotoxin tilimycin generates colonic stem cell mutations. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112199. [PMID: 36870054 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA-alkylating metabolite tilimycin is a microbial genotoxin. Intestinal accumulation of tilimycin in individuals carrying til+ Klebsiella spp. causes apoptotic erosion of the epithelium and colitis. Renewal of the intestinal lining and response to injury requires the activities of stem cells located at the base of intestinal crypts. This study interrogates the consequences of tilimycin-induced DNA damage to cycling stem cells. We charted the spatial distribution and luminal quantities of til metabolites in Klebsiella-colonized mice in the context of a complex microbial community. Loss of marker gene G6pd function indicates genetic aberrations in colorectal stem cells that became stabilized in monoclonal mutant crypts. Mice colonized with tilimycin-producing Klebsiella displayed both higher frequencies of somatic mutation and more mutations per affected individual than animals carrying a non-producing mutant. Our findings imply that genotoxic til+ Klebsiella may drive somatic genetic change in the colon and increase disease susceptibility in human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pöltl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Maksym Kitsera
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Raffl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Schild
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Amar Cosic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Kienesberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin Unterhauser
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Raber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Rolf Breinbauer
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Gorkiewicz
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Carlos Sebastian
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultad de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen L Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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7
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Job V, Gomez-Valero L, Renier A, Rusniok C, Bouillot S, Chenal-Francisque V, Gueguen E, Adrait A, Robert-Genthon M, Jeannot K, Panchev P, Elsen S, Fauvarque MO, Couté Y, Buchrieser C, Attrée I. Genomic erosion and horizontal gene transfer shape functional differences of the ExlA toxin in Pseudomonas spp. iScience 2022; 25:104596. [PMID: 35789842 PMCID: PMC9250014 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-partner secretion (TPS) is widespread in the bacterial world. The pore-forming TPS toxin ExlA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is conserved in pathogenic and environmental Pseudomonas. While P. chlororaphis and P. entomophila displayed ExlA-dependent killing, P. putida did not cause damage to eukaryotic cells. ExlA proteins interacted with epithelial cell membranes; however, only ExlAPch induced the cleavage of the adhesive molecule E-cadherin. ExlA proteins participated in insecticidal activity toward the larvae of Galleria mellonella and the fly Drosophila melanogaster. Evolutionary analyses demonstrated that the differences in the C-terminal domains are partly due to horizontal movements of the operon within the genus Pseudomonas. Reconstruction of the evolutionary history revealed the complex horizontal acquisitions. Together, our results provide evidence that conserved TPS toxins in environmental Pseudomonas play a role in bacteria-insect interactions and discrete differences in CTDs may determine their specificity and mode of action toward eukaryotic cells. ExlA is a two-partner secreted toxin conserved across Pseudomonas spp. Environmental Pseudomonas strains encode ExlA with different cytotoxic activities ExlA of environmental Pseudomonas strains play a role in bacteria-insect interactions ExlBA operon shows a complex evolutionary history of horizontal gene transfer
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Job
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses Team, UMR5075 CNRS, IRIG, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Gomez-Valero
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 6047, Unité Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Adèle Renier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses Team, UMR5075 CNRS, IRIG, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Rusniok
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 6047, Unité Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Bouillot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses Team, UMR5075 CNRS, IRIG, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Viviane Chenal-Francisque
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 6047, Unité Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Erwan Gueguen
- University of Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5240 Microbiologie Adaptation et Pathogénie, Lyon, France
| | - Annie Adrait
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, Grenoble, France
| | - Mylène Robert-Genthon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses Team, UMR5075 CNRS, IRIG, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Katy Jeannot
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Jean Minjoz, UMR6249 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Peter Panchev
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses Team, UMR5075 CNRS, IRIG, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Elsen
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses Team, UMR5075 CNRS, IRIG, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, CEA, FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Carmen Buchrieser
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 6047, Unité Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75015 Paris, France
- Corresponding author
| | - Ina Attrée
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses Team, UMR5075 CNRS, IRIG, CEA, Grenoble, France
- Corresponding author
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8
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Ueda M, Kobayashi H, Seike S, Takahashi E, Okamoto K, Yamanaka H. Aeromonas sobria Serine Protease Degrades Several Protein Components of Tight Junctions and Assists Bacterial Translocation Across the T84 Monolayer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:824547. [PMID: 35273923 PMCID: PMC8902146 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.824547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas sobria is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes food-borne illness. In immunocompromised patients and the elderly, A. sobria opportunistically leads to severe extraintestinal diseases including sepsis, peritonitis, and meningitis. If A. sobria that infects the intestinal tract causes such an extraintestinal infection, the pathogen must pass through the intestinal epithelial barrier. In our earlier study using intestinal cultured cells (T84 cells), we observed that an A. sobria strain with higher A. sobria serine protease (ASP) production caused a marked level of bacterial translocation across the T84 intestinal epithelial monolayer. Herein, we investigated the effect of ASP on tight junctions (TJs) in T84 cells. We observed that ASP acts on TJs and causes the destruction of ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, and claudin-7 (i.e., some of the protein components constituting TJs), especially in the strains with high ASP productivity. Based on the present results together with those of our earlier study, we propose that ASP may cause a disruption of the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium as a whole due to the destruction of TJs (in addition to the destruction of adherens junctions) and that ASP may assist invasion of the pathogens from the intestinal epithelium into deep sites in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunobu Ueda
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiological Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiological Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan
| | - Soshi Seike
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiological Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan
| | - Eizo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keinosuke Okamoto
- Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, National Institute of Cholera Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Hiroyasu Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiological Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroyasu Yamanaka,
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9
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Sebastián I, Okura N, Humbel BM, Xu J, Hermawan I, Matsuura C, Hall M, Takayama C, Yamashiro T, Nakamura S, Toma C. Disassembly of the apical junctional complex during the transmigration of Leptospira interrogans across polarized renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13343. [PMID: 33864347 PMCID: PMC8459228 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens have evolved multiple strategies to disassemble epithelial cell apical junctional complexes (AJCs) and infect epithelial cells. Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic infection, mainly caused by Leptospira interrogans, and its dissemination across host cell barriers is essential for its pathogenesis. However, the mechanism of bacterial dissemination across epithelial cell barriers remains poorly characterised. In this study, we analysed the interaction of L. interrogans with renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) and found that at 24 hr post‐infection, L. interrogans remain in close contact with the plasma membrane of the RPTEC by extracellularly adhering or crawling. Leptospira interrogans cleaved E‐cadherin and induced its endocytosis with release of the soluble N‐terminal fragment into the extracellular medium. Concomitantly, a gradual decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), mislocalisation of AJC proteins (occludin, claudin‐10, ZO‐1, and cingulin) and cytoskeletal rearrangement were observed. Inhibition of clathrin‐mediated E‐cadherin endocytosis prevented the decrease in TEER. We showed that disassembly of AJCs in epithelial cells and transmigration of bacteria through the paracellular route are important for the dissemination of L. interrogans in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Sebastián
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okura
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Bruno M Humbel
- Imaging Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.,Microscopy Center, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Idam Hermawan
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chiaki Matsuura
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Malgorzata Hall
- Imaging Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chitoshi Takayama
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yamashiro
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Claudia Toma
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Tan X, Petri B, DeVinney R, Jenne CN, Chaconas G. The Lyme disease spirochete can hijack the host immune system for extravasation from the microvasculature. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:498-515. [PMID: 33891779 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lyme disease is the most common tick-transmitted disease in the northern hemisphere and is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and related Borrelia species. The constellation of symptoms attributable to this malady results from vascular dissemination of B. burgdorferi throughout the body to invade various tissue types. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the spirochetes can breach the blood vessel wall to reach distant tissues. We have studied this process by direct observation of spirochetes in the microvasculature of living mice using multi-laser spinning-disk intravital microscopy. Our results show that in our experimental system, instead of phagocytizing B. burgdorferi, host neutrophils are involved in the production of specific cytokines that activate the endothelium and potentiate B. burgdorferi escape into the surrounding tissue. Spirochete escape is not induced by paracellular permeability and appears to occur via a transcellular pathway. Neutrophil repurposing to promote bacterial extravasation represents a new and innovative pathogenic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Björn Petri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rebekah DeVinney
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Craig N Jenne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - George Chaconas
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Herve JC. The vertebrate epithelial apical junctional complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183409. [PMID: 32653529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alanyl-Glutamine Restores Tight Junction Organization after Disruption by a Conventional Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081178. [PMID: 32823646 PMCID: PMC7464725 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and targeting the molecular basis of peritoneal solute and protein transport is essential to improve peritoneal dialysis (PD) efficacy and patient outcome. Supplementation of PD fluids (PDF) with alanyl-glutamine (AlaGln) increased small solute transport and reduced peritoneal protein loss in a recent clinical trial. Transepithelial resistance and 10 kDa and 70 kDa dextran transport were measured in primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to conventional acidic, glucose degradation products (GDP) containing PDF (CPDF) and to low GDP containing PDF (LPDF) with and without AlaGln. Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-5 were quantified by Western blot and immunofluorescence and in mice exposed to saline and CPDF for 7 weeks by digital imaging analyses. Spatial clustering of ZO-1 molecules was assessed by single molecule localization microscopy. AlaGln increased transepithelial resistance, and in CPDF exposed HUVEC decreased dextran transport rates and preserved claudin-5 and ZO-1 abundance. Endothelial clustering of membrane bound ZO-1 was higher in CPDF supplemented with AlaGln. In mice, arteriolar endothelial claudin-5 was reduced in CPDF, but restored with AlaGln, while mesothelial claudin-5 abundance was unchanged. AlaGln supplementation seals the peritoneal endothelial barrier, and when supplemented to conventional PD fluid increases claudin-5 and ZO-1 abundance and clustering of ZO-1 in the endothelial cell membrane.
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