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Ruan J, Shi Z, Cao X, Dang Z, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Wu L, Zhang Y, Wang T. Research Progress on Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Related Mechanisms of Astragalin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4476. [PMID: 38674061 PMCID: PMC11050484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a significant contributor to the development of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and other illnesses. In the academic field, there is a constant demand for effective methods to alleviate inflammation. Astragalin (AST), a type of flavonoid glycoside that is the primary component in several widely used traditional Chinese anti-inflammatory medications in clinical practice, has garnered attention from numerous experts and scholars. This article focuses on the anti-inflammatory effects of AST and conducts research on relevant literature from 2003 to 2023. The findings indicate that AST demonstrates promising anti-inflammatory potential in various models of inflammatory diseases. Specifically, AST is believed to possess inhibitory effects on inflammation-related factors and protein levels in various in vitro cell models, such as macrophages, microglia, and epithelial cells. In vivo studies have shown that AST effectively alleviates neuroinflammation and brain damage while also exhibiting potential for treating moderate diseases such as depression and stroke; it also demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory effects on both large and small intestinal epithelial cells. Animal experiments have further demonstrated that AST exerts therapeutic effects on colitis mice. Molecular biology studies have revealed that AST regulates complex signaling networks, including NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT pathways, etc. In conclusion, this review will provide insights and references for the development of AST as an anti-inflammatory agent as well as for related drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.R.); (X.C.); (Z.D.); (Q.Z.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (W.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Zhongwei Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (W.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Xiaoyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.R.); (X.C.); (Z.D.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Zhunan Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.R.); (X.C.); (Z.D.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.R.); (X.C.); (Z.D.); (Q.Z.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (W.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (W.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Lijie Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (W.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.R.); (X.C.); (Z.D.); (Q.Z.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (W.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.R.); (X.C.); (Z.D.); (Q.Z.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (W.Z.); (L.W.)
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Du Y, Ye H, Lin M, Cao L. KLF14 activates the JNK-signaling pathway to induce S-phase arrest in cervical cancer cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1267950. [PMID: 38143751 PMCID: PMC10748496 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the role of Krüppel-like factor 14 (KLF14) and its underlying mechanism(s) of action in cell-cycle regulation in cervical cancer. Methods Lentiviral infection was used to construct KLF14, KLF14 zinc-finger structural mutations, and empty vector controls in SiHa and HeLa cervical cancer cells. The effect of KLF14 on cervical cancer cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. The effect of KLF14 on the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), cyclin A2 (CCNA2), and MAPK signalling pathway-related molecules was detected by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Cervical cancer cells were treated with JNK-pathway inhibitors/agonists before we assessed changes in the cell cycle and the expression of the CDK2, CCNA2, and p-JNK/JNK. Subcutaneous xenograft studies to explore the effects of KLF14 on cervical cancer cell proliferation in vivo, and western blotting was implemented to measure the expression of CCNA2, CDK2, and the activation levels of the MAPK-signaling pathway proteins in tumours. Results The proportion of cells in the S phase was increased in the KLF14-overexpressing group compared with the control group (P<0.001); CDK2, CCNA2, and p-JNK/JNK expression levels were elevated in the KLF14-overexpressing group relative to the control group (all P<0.05). When JNK-pathway activation was inhibited/promoted, the proportion of cells in the S phase was reduced/increased (P<0.05) and CDK2 and CCNA2 expression levels were reduced/decreased, respectively (all P<0.05). Vivo experiments revealed that KLF14 inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation (P<0.01) and that p-JNK/JNK, CDK2, and CCNA2 expression levels were augmented in tumours in the overexpression group (P<0.01). Conclusion KLF14 induced S-phase arrest in cervical cancer cells and inhibited the proliferation of cervical cancer cells in vivo; the induction of S-phase arrest was related to its zinc-finger structure. KLF14 also activated the JNK pathway to induce S-phase arrest and promote the expression of CDK2 and CCNA2. In summary, KLF14 activates the JNK-signaling pathway to induce S-phase arrest in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Du
- Oncology Department, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Oncology Department, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Oncology Department, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, , Jinan, China
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Schepetkin IA, Karpenko OS, Kovrizhina AR, Kirpotina LN, Khlebnikov AI, Chekal SI, Radudik AV, Shybinska MO, Quinn MT. Novel Tryptanthrin Derivatives with Selectivity as c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) 3 Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:4806. [PMID: 37375361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) family includes three proteins (JNK1-3) that regulate many physiological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation, cell survival, and inflammation. Because of emerging data suggesting that JNK3 may play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease, as well as cancer pathogenesis, we sought to identify JNK inhibitors with increased selectivity for JNK3. A panel of 26 novel tryptanthrin-6-oxime analogs was synthesized and evaluated for JNK1-3 binding (Kd) and inhibition of cellular inflammatory responses. Compounds 4d (8-methoxyindolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-6,12-dione oxime) and 4e (8-phenylindolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-6,12-dione oxime) had high selectivity for JNK3 versus JNK1 and JNK2 and inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-κB/activating protein 1 (NF-κB/AP-1) transcriptional activity in THP-1Blue cells and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by MonoMac-6 monocytic cells in the low micromolar range. Likewise, compounds 4d, 4e, and pan-JNK inhibitor 4h (9-methylindolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-6,12-dione oxime) decreased LPS-induced c-Jun phosphorylation in MonoMac-6 cells, directly confirming JNK inhibition. Molecular modeling suggested modes of binding interaction of these compounds in the JNK3 catalytic site that were in agreement with the experimental data on JNK3 binding. Our results demonstrate the potential for developing anti-inflammatory drugs based on these nitrogen-containing heterocyclic systems with selectivity for JNK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Oleksander S Karpenko
- O.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 65080 Odesa, Ukraine
| | | | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | - Stepan I Chekal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University, 65082 Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Alevtyna V Radudik
- O.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 65080 Odesa, Ukraine
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University, 65082 Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Maryna O Shybinska
- O.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 65080 Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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de Sousa JAC, Azul FVCS, de Araújo AB, Tomé RC, Silva FRM, de Vasconcelos SMM, Rios FJ, Leal LKAM. Epiisopiloturine, an Alkaloid from Pilocarpus microphyllus, Attenuates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation by Interfering in the TLR4/NF- κB-MAPK Signaling Pathway in Microglial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:4752502. [PMID: 37151606 PMCID: PMC10162877 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4752502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is present in the pathophysiological mechanisms of several diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia have a prominent role in initiating and sustaining the inflammatory process. Epiisopiloturine (EPI) is an imidazole alkaloid obtained as a by-product of pilocarpine extracted from Pilocarpus microphyllus (jaborandi) and has shown promising anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of EPI on the inflammatory response in microglial cells (BV-2 cells) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and explored putative underlying molecular mechanisms. Cell viability was not affected by EPI (1-100 μg/mL) as assessed by both LDH activity and the MTT test. Pretreatment with EPI (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) significantly reduced the proinflammatory response induced by LPS, as observed by a decrease in nitrite oxide production and iNOS protein expression. EPI (25 μg/mL) reduced IL-6 and TNF-α production, by 40% and 34%, respectively. However, no changes were observed in the anti-inflammatory IL-10 production. Mechanistically, EPI inhibited the TLR4 expression and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and MAPKs (JNK and ERK1/2) induced by LPS, but no changes were observed in TREM2 receptor expression in LPS-stimulated cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrated the potent anti-inflammatory properties of EPI in microglial cells. These effects are associated with the reduction of TLR4 expression and inhibition of intracellular signaling cascades, including NF-κB and MAPKs (JNK and ERK1/2).
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antônio Costa de Sousa
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Vinícius Clemente Serra Azul
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Bruna de Araújo
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Colares Tomé
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Raysse Mesquita Silva
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco José Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal
- Center of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Studies, CEFAC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology, and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, CEFAC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Brennan CM, Hill AS, St. Andre M, Li X, Madeti V, Breitkopf S, Garren S, Xue L, Gilbert T, Hadjipanayis A, Monetti M, Emerson CP, Moccia R, Owens J, Christoforou N. DUX4 expression activates JNK and p38 MAP kinases in myoblasts. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049516. [PMID: 36196640 PMCID: PMC10655719 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by misexpression of the DUX4 transcription factor in skeletal muscle that results in transcriptional alterations, abnormal phenotypes and cell death. To gain insight into the kinetics of DUX4-induced stresses, we activated DUX4 expression in myoblasts and performed longitudinal RNA sequencing paired with proteomics and phosphoproteomics. This analysis revealed changes in cellular physiology upon DUX4 activation, including DNA damage and altered mRNA splicing. Phosphoproteomic analysis uncovered rapid widespread changes in protein phosphorylation following DUX4 induction, indicating that alterations in kinase signaling might play a role in DUX4-mediated stress and cell death. Indeed, we demonstrate that two stress-responsive MAP kinase pathways, JNK and p38, are activated in response to DUX4 expression. Inhibition of each of these pathways ameliorated DUX4-mediated cell death in myoblasts. These findings uncover that the JNK pathway is involved in DUX4-mediated cell death and provide additional insights into the role of the p38 pathway, a clinical target for the treatment of FSHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Brennan
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- WRDM Postdoctoral Program, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abby S. Hill
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Xianfeng Li
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vijaya Madeti
- NGS Technology Center, Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Susanne Breitkopf
- Proteomics Technology Center, Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Seth Garren
- NGS Technology Center, Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liang Xue
- Machine Learning and Computational Science, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tamara Gilbert
- High Content Imaging Technology Center, Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Angela Hadjipanayis
- NGS Technology Center, Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mara Monetti
- Proteomics Technology Center, Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charles P. Emerson
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Program, Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Robert Moccia
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jane Owens
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Shi H, Hou Y, Su X, Qiao J, Wang Q, Guo X, Gao Z, Wang L. Mechanism of action of Tripterygium wilfordii for treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy based on network pharmacology. Ren Fail 2022; 44:116-125. [PMID: 35172688 PMCID: PMC8856020 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.2024850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although thunder god vine (Tripterygium wilfordii) has been widely used for treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), the pharmacological mechanisms underlying its effects are still unclear. This study investigated potential therapeutic targets and the pharmacological mechanism of T. wilfordii for the treatment of IMN based on network pharmacology. Methods Active components of T. wilfordii were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. IMN-associated target genes were collected from the GeneCards, DisGeNET, and OMIM databases. VENNY 2.1 was used to identify the overlapping genes between active compounds of T. wilfordii and IMN target genes. The STRING database and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software were used to analyze interactions among overlapping genes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the targets were performed using Rx64 4.0.2 software, colorspace, stringi, DOSE, clusterProfiler, and enrichplot packages. Results A total of 153 compound-related genes and 1485 IMN-related genes were obtained, and 45 core genes that overlapped between both categories were identified. The protein–protein interaction network and MCODE results indicated that the targets TP53, MAPK8, MAPK14, STAT3, IFNG, ICAM1, IL4, TGFB1, PPARG, and MMP1 play important roles in the treatment of T. wilfordii on IMN. Enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways of targets were the AGE signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion This study revealed potential multi-component and multi-target mechanisms of T. wilfordii for the treatment of IMN based on network pharmacological, and provided a scientific basis for further experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Shi
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanjuan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaole Su
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- Division of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaojiao Guo
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhihong Gao
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Berberine, a Herbal Metabolite in the Metabolic Syndrome: The Risk Factors, Course, and Consequences of the Disease. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041351. [PMID: 35209140 PMCID: PMC8874997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the health of patients exposed to the consequences of the metabolic syndrome still requires the search for new solutions, and plant nutraceuticals are currently being intensively investigated. Berberine is a plant alkaloid possessing scientifically determined mechanisms of the prevention of the development of atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, as well as cardiovascular complications and cancer. It positively contributes to elevated levels of fasting, postprandial blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin, while decreasing insulin resistance. It stimulates glycolysis, improving insulin secretion, and inhibits gluconeogenesis and adipogenesis in the liver; by reducing insulin resistance, berberine also improves ovulation. The anti-obesity action of berberine has been also well-documented. Berberine acts as an anti-sclerotic, lowering the LDL and testosterone levels. The alkaloid exhibits an anti-inflammatory property by stalling the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2. Berberine is neuroprotective and acts as an antidepressive. However, the outcomes in psychiatric patients are nonspecific, as it has been shown that berberine improves metabolic parameters in schizophrenic patients, acting as an adjuvant during antipsychotic treatment. Berberine acts as an anticancer option by inducing apoptosis, the cell cycle arrest, influencing MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and influencing transcription regulation. The inhibition of carcinogenesis is also combined with lipid metabolism.
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Liu X, Liu L, Zhao J, Wang H, Li Y. Mechanotransduction regulates inflammation responses of epicardial adipocytes in cardiovascular diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1080383. [PMID: 36589802 PMCID: PMC9800500 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1080383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a crucial regulator in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis by secreting various bioactive products to mediate the physiological function of the cardiovascular system. Accumulating evidence shows that adipose tissue disorders contribute to several kinds of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, the adipose tissue would present various biological effects depending on its tissue localization and metabolic statuses, deciding the individual cardiometabolic risk. Crosstalk between adipose and myocardial tissue is involved in the pathophysiological process of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), cardiac fibrosis, heart failure, and myocardial infarction/atherosclerosis. The abnormal distribution of adipose tissue in the heart might yield direct and/or indirect effects on cardiac function. Moreover, mechanical transduction is critical for adipocytes in differentiation, proliferation, functional maturity, and homeostasis maintenance. Therefore, understanding the features of mechanotransduction pathways in the cellular ontogeny of adipose tissue is vital for underlining the development of adipocytes involved in cardiovascular disorders, which would preliminarily contribute positive implications on a novel therapeutic invention for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to clarify the role of mechanical stress in cardiac adipocyte homeostasis and its interplay with maintaining cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
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Herrero-Aguayo V, Sáez-Martínez P, López-Cánovas JL, Prados-Carmona JJ, Alcántara-Laguna MD, López FL, Molina-Puerta MJ, Calañas-Continente A, Membrives A, Castilla J, Ruiz-Ravelo J, Alonso-Echague R, Yubero-Serrano EM, Castaño JP, Gahete MD, Gálvez-Moreno MA, Luque RM, Herrera-Martínez AD. Dysregulation of Components of the Inflammasome Machinery After Bariatric Surgery: Novel Targets for a Chronic Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4917-e4934. [PMID: 34363480 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a metabolic chronic disease with important associated morbidities and mortality. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for maintaining long-term weight loss in severe obesity and, consequently, for decreasing obesity-related complications, including chronic inflammation. AIM To explore changes in components of the inflammasome machinery after bariatric surgery and their relation with clinical/biochemical parameters at baseline and 6 months after bariatric surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-two patients with morbid-obesity that underwent bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) were included. Epidemiological/clinical/anthropometric/biochemical evaluation was performed at baseline and 6 months after bariatric surgery. Inflammasome components and inflammatory-associated factors [nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), inflammasome activation components, cytokines and inflammation/apoptosis-related components, and cell-cycle and DNA-damage regulators) were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline and 6 months after bariatric surgery. Clinical molecular correlations/associations were analyzed. Functional parameters (lipid accumulation/viability/apoptosis) were analyzed in response to specific inflammasome components silencing in liver HepG2 cells). RESULTS A profound dysregulation of inflammasome components after bariatric surgery was found, especially in NLRs and cell-cycle and DNA damage regulators. Several components were associated with baseline metabolic comorbidities including type 2 diabetes (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1/sirtuin 1), hypertension (absent in melanoma 2/ASC/purinergic receptor P2X 7), and dyslipidemia [C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CXCL3)/NLR family pyrin domain containing (NLRP) 7) and displayed changes in their molecular profile 6 months after bariatric surgery. The gene expression fingerprint of certain factors NLR family CARD domain containing 4 (NLRC4)/NLRP12/CXCL3)/C-C motif chemokine ligand 8/toll-like receptor 4) accurately differentiated pre- and postoperative PBMCs. Most changes were independent of the performed surgical technique. Silencing of NLRC4/NLRP12 resulted in altered lipid accumulation, apoptosis rate, and cell viability in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery induces a profound alteration in the gene expression pattern of components of the inflammasome machinery in PBMCs. Expression and changes of certain inflammasome components are associated to baseline metabolic comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, and may be related to the improvement and reversion of some obesity-related comorbidities after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Córdoba, Spain
| | - Prudencio Sáez-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan L López-Cánovas
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan J Prados-Carmona
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - María D Alcántara-Laguna
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fernando L López
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Córdoba, Spain
| | - María J Molina-Puerta
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alfonso Calañas-Continente
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Membrives
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- General Surgery Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Castilla
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- General Surgery Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Ruiz-Ravelo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- General Surgery Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosario Alonso-Echague
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- General Surgery Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elena M Yubero-Serrano
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Córdoba, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Córdoba, Spain
| | - María A Gálvez-Moreno
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aura D Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
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10
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Tong J, Fang J, Zhu T, Xiang P, Shang J, Chen L, Zhao J, Wang Y, Tong L, Sun M. Pentagalloylglucose reduces AGE-induced inflammation by activating Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in mesangial cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 147:305-314. [PMID: 34663512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentagalloylglucose (PGG), a gallotannin polyphenolic compound, has been found to possess a host of beneficial pharmacologic activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. We previously demonstrated that PGG is capable of binding to the cell membrane of renal mesangial cells, but the pharmacological effect of PGG on diabetic renal injury and the underlying mechanisms are still not yet clear. In this study, the effects of PGG on Nrf2/HO-1 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling were explored in AGE-stimulated mesangial cells. Furthermore, the Nrf2 transcriptional inhibitor ML385 was used to verify the involvement of Nrf2 in the PGG-mediated inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 cascade. Our results showed that PGG significantly inhibited AGE-induced ROS generation and activated AGE-inhibited Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Moreover, AGE-induced inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and their signaling through JAK2/STAT3 were blocked by PGG. Furthermore, ML385 suppressed Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, elevated ROS and cytokine production, and activated JAK2/STAT3 cascade were reversed by PGG. These findings indicate that PGG inhibits the JAK2/STAT3 cascade by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi Tong
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Material Medica, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Fang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Material Medica, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tiantian Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Material Medica, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pan Xiang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Material Medica, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaojiao Shang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Material Medica, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Material Medica, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jindong Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of TCM, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of TCM, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Tong
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research for Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Min Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Material Medica, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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11
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Liakhov SA, Schepetkin IA, Karpenko OS, Duma HI, Haidarzhy NM, Kirpotina LN, Kovrizhina AR, Khlebnikov AI, Bagryanskaya IY, Quinn MT. Novel c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) Inhibitors with an 11 H-Indeno[1,2- b]quinoxalin-11-one Scaffold. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185688. [PMID: 34577159 PMCID: PMC8464905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a central role in stress signaling pathways implicated in important pathological processes, including rheumatoid arthritis and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, inhibition of JNK is of interest for molecular targeted therapy to treat various diseases. We synthesized 13 derivatives of our reported JNK inhibitor 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime and evaluated their binding to the three JNK isoforms and their biological effects. Eight compounds exhibited submicromolar binding affinity for at least one JNK isoform. Most of these compounds also inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-κB/activating protein 1 (NF-κB/AP-1) activation and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in human monocytic THP1-Blue cells and human MonoMac-6 cells, respectively. Selected compounds (4f and 4m) also inhibited LPS-induced c-Jun phosphorylation in MonoMac-6 cells, directly confirming JNK inhibition. We conclude that indenoquinoxaline-based oximes can serve as specific small-molecule modulators for mechanistic studies of JNKs, as well as potential leads for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii A. Liakhov
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 65080 Odessa, Ukraine; (S.A.L.); (O.S.K.); (H.I.D.)
| | - Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (I.A.S.); (L.N.K.)
| | - Olexander S. Karpenko
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 65080 Odessa, Ukraine; (S.A.L.); (O.S.K.); (H.I.D.)
| | - Hanna I. Duma
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 65080 Odessa, Ukraine; (S.A.L.); (O.S.K.); (H.I.D.)
| | | | - Liliya N. Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (I.A.S.); (L.N.K.)
| | - Anastasia R. Kovrizhina
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.R.K.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Andrei I. Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.R.K.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Irina Y. Bagryanskaya
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (I.A.S.); (L.N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +406-994-4707; Fax: +406-994-4303
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12
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Schepetkin IA, Plotnikov MB, Khlebnikov AI, Plotnikova TM, Quinn MT. Oximes: Novel Therapeutics with Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Potential. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060777. [PMID: 34067242 PMCID: PMC8224626 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oximes have been studied for decades because of their significant roles as acetylcholinesterase reactivators. Over the last twenty years, a large number of oximes have been reported with useful pharmaceutical properties, including compounds with antibacterial, anticancer, anti-arthritis, and anti-stroke activities. Many oximes are kinase inhibitors and have been shown to inhibit over 40 different kinases, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), serine/threonine kinases glycogen synthase kinase 3 α/β (GSK-3α/β), Aurora A, B-Raf, Chk1, death-associated protein-kinase-related 2 (DRAK2), phosphorylase kinase (PhK), serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK), Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK), and multiple receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases. Some oximes are inhibitors of lipoxygenase 5, human neutrophil elastase, and proteinase 3. The oxime group contains two H-bond acceptors (nitrogen and oxygen atoms) and one H-bond donor (OH group), versus only one H-bond acceptor present in carbonyl groups. This feature, together with the high polarity of oxime groups, may lead to a significantly different mode of interaction with receptor binding sites compared to corresponding carbonyl compounds, despite small changes in the total size and shape of the compound. In addition, oximes can generate nitric oxide. This review is focused on oximes as kinase inhibitors with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Oximes with non-kinase targets or mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Mark B. Plotnikov
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634028 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Andrei I. Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
- Scientific Research Institute of Biological Medicine, Altai State University, 656049 Barnaul, Russia
| | - Tatiana M. Plotnikova
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-406-994-4707; Fax: +1-406-994-4303
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13
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Huang W, Liu H, Pan Y, Yang H, Lin J, Zhang H. Mechanical stretching of the pulmonary vein mediates pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease by regulating SAC/MAPK pathway and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 16:127. [PMID: 33971931 PMCID: PMC8107413 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-021-01471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore whether the mechanical stretching-induced expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in pulmonary veins occurred through the stretch-activated channel (SAC)/ mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway. Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three sham groups and seven model groups. A metal clip was placed on the ascending aorta in the model group to establish PH-LHD rat model. The sham group received a similar operation without ascending aorta clamped. On day 25, pulmonary vein was given mechanical stretching with 0 g, 2.0 g tension in two model groups and two sham groups. Another four model groups were given 2.0 g tension after MAPKs pathway inhibitors soaked. The last sham group and model group rats’ pulmonary veins, pulmonary artery and lung tissues were obtained on day 35. Pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery and lung tissue were evaluated by echocardiography, HE staining, immunohistochemistry and western blotting respectively. Results On day 25, left heart weight, right ventricular pressure (35.339 cmH2O) and left atrial pressure (13.657 cmH2O) were increased in model group than those in sham group. Echocardiography showed left heart failure in the PH-LHD group (Interventrieular septum dimension 1.716 mm, left ventricular internal end diastolic dimension 4.888 mm, left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole 1.749 mm, ejection fraction 76.917%). But there was no difference in lung tissue between the sham group and PH-LHD group as showed by HE staining. Our results showed that the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α was highly expressed in PH-LHD rats’ serum and pulmonary vein, which were further increased after 2.0 g tension was given and were decreased after SAC/MAPKs inhibitors treatment. Meanwhile, on day 25, immunohistochemistry analysis showed the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α was higher in the PH-LHD rats’ pulmonary vein than that in pulmonary artery and lung tissue, and these expressions in pulmonary vein of PH-LHD group were also higher than that in sham group. However, on day 35, IL-6 and TNF-α were all increased in the pulmonary veins, arteries and lung tissues. Besides, our results uncovered that SAC/MAPKs pathway were upregulating in PH-LHD rats’ pulmonary vein. Conclusion In conclusion, pulmonary vein mechanical stretching exacerbated PH-LHD possibly through the SAC/MAPKs pathway and upregulating expression of IL-6 and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Anesthesiology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichao Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Ortega MA, Asúnsolo Á, Pekarek L, Alvarez-Mon MA, Delforge A, Sáez MA, Coca S, Sainz F, Mon MÁ, Buján J, García-Honduvilla N. Histopathological study of JNK in venous wall of patients with chronic venous insufficiency related to osteogenesis process. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1921-1934. [PMID: 33850461 PMCID: PMC8040408 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.54052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is one of the most common vascular pathologies worldwide. One of the risk factors for the development of CVI is aging, which is why it is related to senile changes. The main trigger of the changes that occur in the venous walls in CVI is blood flow reflux, which produces increased hydrostatic pressure, leading to valve incompetence. The cellular response is one of the fundamental processes in vascular diseases, causing the activation of cell signalling pathways such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Metabolic changes and calcifications occur in vascular pathology as a result of pathophysiological processes. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of JNK in venous disease and its relationship with the role played by the molecules involved in the osteogenic processes in venous tissue calcification. This was a cross-sectional study that analyzed the greater saphenous vein wall in 110 patients with (R) and without venous reflux (NR), classified according to age. Histopathological techniques were used and protein expression was analysed using immunohistochemistry techniques for JNK and markers of osteogenesis (RUNX2, osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN)). Significantly increased JNK, RUNX2, OCN, OPN and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) protein expression and the presence of osseous metaplasia and amorphous calcification were observed in younger patients (<50 years) with venous reflux. This study shows for the first time the existence of an osteogenesis process related to the expression of JNK in the venous wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnaud Delforge
- UFR of pharmacy, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Miguel A Sáez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Coca
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Sainz
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez- Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Li C, Wendlandt EB, Darbro B, Xu H, Thomas GS, Tricot G, Chen F, Shaughnessy JD, Zhan F. Genetic Analysis of Multiple Myeloma Identifies Cytogenetic Alterations Implicated in Disease Complexity and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030517. [PMID: 33572851 PMCID: PMC7866300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by genomic chaos making it difficult to distinguish driver from passenger mutations. In this study, we integrated data from whole genome gene expression profiling (GEP) microarrays and CytoScan HD high-resolution genomic arrays to integrate GEP with copy number variations (CNV) to more precisely define molecular alterations in MM important for disease initiation, progression and poor clinical outcome. We utilized gene expression arrays from 351 MM samples and CytoScan HD arrays from 97 MM samples to identify eight CNV events that represent possible MM drivers. By integrating GEP and CNV data we divided the MM into eight unique subgroups and demonstrated that patients within one of the eight distinct subgroups exhibited common and unique protein network signatures that can be utilized to identify new therapeutic interventions based on pathway dysregulation. Data also point to the central role of 1q gains and the upregulated expression of ANP32E, DTL, IFI16, UBE2Q1, and UBE2T as potential drivers of MM aggressiveness. The data presented here utilized a novel approach to identify potential driver CNV events in MM, the creation of an improved definition of the molecular basis of MM and the identification of potential new points of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Myeloma Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.); (H.X.); (G.T.); (J.D.S.J.)
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Erik B. Wendlandt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (E.B.W.); (G.S.T.)
| | - Benjamin Darbro
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Laboratory, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Myeloma Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.); (H.X.); (G.T.); (J.D.S.J.)
| | - Gregory S. Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (E.B.W.); (G.S.T.)
| | - Guido Tricot
- Myeloma Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.); (H.X.); (G.T.); (J.D.S.J.)
| | - Fangping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - John D. Shaughnessy
- Myeloma Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.); (H.X.); (G.T.); (J.D.S.J.)
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Myeloma Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.); (H.X.); (G.T.); (J.D.S.J.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Zhang M, Wang Y, Jiang L, Song X, Zheng A, Gao H, Wei M, Zhao L. LncRNA CBR3-AS1 regulates of breast cancer drug sensitivity as a competing endogenous RNA through the JNK1/MEK4-mediated MAPK signal pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:41. [PMID: 33494806 PMCID: PMC7830819 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Adriamycin (ADR) resistance is one of the main obstacles to improving the clinical prognosis of breast cancer patients. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate cell behavior, but the role of these RNAs in the anti-ADR activity of breast cancer remains unclear. Here, we aim to investigate the imbalance of a particular long noncoding RNA, lncRNA CBR3 antisense RNA 1 (CBR3-AS1), and its role in ADR resistance. Methods Microarray analysis of ADR-resistant breast cancer cells was performed to identify CBR3-AS1. CCK-8 and colony formation assays were used to detect the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to ADR. Dual-luciferase reporter, RNA pulldown, IHC and western blot analyses were used to verify the relationship between the expression of CBR3-AS1, miRNA and target genes. For in vivo experiments, the effect of CBR3-AS1 on breast cancer resistance was observed in a xenograft tumor model. The role of CBR3-AS1 in influencing ADR sensitivity was verified by clinical breast cancer specimens from the TCGA, CCLE, and GDSC databases. Results We found that CBR3-AS1 expression was significantly increased in breast cancer tissues and was closely correlated with poor prognosis. CBR3-AS1 overexpression promoted ADR resistance in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we identified that CBR3-AS1 functioned as a competitive endogenous RNA by sponging miR-25-3p. MEK4 and JNK1 of the MAPK pathway were determined to be direct downstream proteins of the CBR3-AS1/miR-25-3p axis in breast cancer cells. Conclusions In summary, our findings demonstrate that CBR3-AS1 plays a critical role in the chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer by mediating the miR-25-3p and MEK4/JNK1 regulatory axes. The potential of CBR3-AS1 as a targetable oncogene and therapeutic biomarker of breast cancer was identified. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01844-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation; Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education; China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation; Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education; China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Longyang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation; Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education; China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xinyue Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation; Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education; China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ang Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation; Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education; China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation; Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education; China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation; Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education; China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation; Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education; China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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17
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Chen Q, Zhuo Y, Sharma P, Perez I, Francis DJ, Chakravarthy S, Vishnivetskiy SA, Berndt S, Hanson SM, Zhan X, Brooks EK, Altenbach C, Hubbell WL, Klug CS, Iverson TM, Gurevich VV. An Eight Amino Acid Segment Controls Oligomerization and Preferred Conformation of the two Non-visual Arrestins. J Mol Biol 2020; 433:166790. [PMID: 33387531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.166790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors signal through G proteins or arrestins. A long-standing mystery in the field is why vertebrates have two non-visual arrestins, arrestin-2 and arrestin-3. These isoforms are ~75% identical and 85% similar; each binds numerous receptors, and appear to have many redundant functions, as demonstrated by studies of knockout mice. We previously showed that arrestin-3 can be activated by inositol-hexakisphosphate (IP6). IP6 interacts with the receptor-binding surface of arrestin-3, induces arrestin-3 oligomerization, and this oligomer stabilizes the active conformation of arrestin-3. Here, we compared the impact of IP6 on oligomerization and conformational equilibrium of the highly homologous arrestin-2 and arrestin-3 and found that these two isoforms are regulated differently. In the presence of IP6, arrestin-2 forms "infinite" chains, where each promoter remains in the basal conformation. In contrast, full length and truncated arrestin-3 form trimers and higher-order oligomers in the presence of IP6; we showed previously that trimeric state induces arrestin-3 activation (Chen et al., 2017). Thus, in response to IP6, the two non-visual arrestins oligomerize in different ways in distinct conformations. We identified an insertion of eight residues that is conserved across arrestin-2 homologs, but absent in arrestin-3 that likely accounts for the differences in the IP6 effect. Because IP6 is ubiquitously present in cells, this suggests physiological consequences, including differences in arrestin-2/3 trafficking and JNK3 activation. The functional differences between two non-visual arrestins are in part determined by distinct modes of their oligomerization. The mode of oligomerization might regulate the function of other signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ya Zhuo
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ivette Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Derek J Francis
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Srinivas Chakravarthy
- The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), Department of Biological Chemical and Physical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | | | - Sandra Berndt
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Susan M Hanson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Xuanzhi Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Evan K Brooks
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Wayne L Hubbell
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Candice S Klug
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - T M Iverson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vsevolod V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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18
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Hepp Rehfeldt SC, Majolo F, Goettert MI, Laufer S. c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Inhibitors as Potential Leads for New Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9677. [PMID: 33352989 PMCID: PMC7765872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is becoming more prevalent as the population lives longer. For individuals over 60 years of age, the prevalence of AD is estimated at 40.19% across the world. Regarding the cognitive decline caused by the disease, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways such as the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway are involved in the progressive loss of neurons and synapses, brain atrophy, and augmentation of the brain ventricles, being activated by synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity. Nowadays, AD symptoms are manageable, but the disease itself remains incurable, thus the inhibition of JNK3 has been explored as a possible therapeutic target, considering that JNK is best known for its involvement in propagating pro-apoptotic signals. This review aims to present biological aspects of JNK, focusing on JNK3 and how it relates to AD. It was also explored the recent development of inhibitors that could be used in AD treatment since several drugs/compounds in phase III clinical trials failed. General aspects of the MAPK family, therapeutic targets, and experimental treatment in models are described and discussed throughout this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cristine Hepp Rehfeldt
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado CEP 95914-014, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (S.C.H.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Fernanda Majolo
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado CEP 95914-014, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (S.C.H.R.); (F.M.)
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90619-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia Inês Goettert
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado CEP 95914-014, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (S.C.H.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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19
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Takenaka M, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Intercellular delivery of NF-κB inhibitor peptide utilizing small extracellular vesicles for the application of anti-inflammatory therapy. J Control Release 2020; 328:435-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Biological Activity of Berberine-A Summary Update. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12110713. [PMID: 33198257 PMCID: PMC7697704 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine is a plant metabolite belonging to the group of isoquinoline alkaloids with strong biological and pharmacological activity. Currently, berberine is receiving considerable interest due to its anticancer activity based on many biochemical pathways, especially its proapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, the growing number of papers on berberine demands summarizing the knowledge and research trends. The efficacy of berberine in breast and colon cancers seems to be the most promising aspect. Many papers focus on novel therapeutic strategies based on new formulations or search for new active derivatives. The activity of berberine is very important as regards sensitization and support of anticancer therapy in combination with well-known but in some cases inefficient therapeutics. Currently, the compound is being assessed in many important clinical trials and is one of the most promising and intensively examined natural agents.
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21
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Benn CL, Dawson LA. Clinically Precedented Protein Kinases: Rationale for Their Use in Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:242. [PMID: 33117143 PMCID: PMC7494159 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinases are an intensively studied drug target class in current pharmacological research as evidenced by the large number of kinase inhibitors being assessed in clinical trials. Kinase-targeted therapies have potential for treatment of a broad array of indications including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In addition to the many variables which contribute to identification of a successful therapeutic molecule, drug discovery for CNS-related disorders also requires significant consideration of access to the target organ and specifically crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To date, only a small number of kinase inhibitors have been reported that are specifically designed to be BBB permeable, which nonetheless demonstrates the potential for success. This review considers the potential for kinase inhibitors in the context of unmet medical need for neurodegenerative disease. A subset of kinases that have been the focus of clinical investigations over a 10-year period have been identified and discussed individually. For each kinase target, the data underpinning the validity of each in the context of neurodegenerative disease is critically evaluated. Selected molecules for each kinase are identified with information on modality, binding site and CNS penetrance, if known. Current clinical development in neurodegenerative disease are summarized. Collectively, the review indicates that kinase targets with sufficient rationale warrant careful design approaches with an emphasis on improving brain penetrance and selectivity.
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22
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Liu Q, Mao H, Nie J, Chen W, Yang Q, Dong X, Yu X. Transforming Growth Factor β1 Induces Epithelial–mesenchymal Transition by Activating the Jnk–SMAD3 Pathway in Rat Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080802803s18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
⋄ Background Peritoneal fibrosis is a serious complication in long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in peritoneal fibrosis, and TGFβ1 is the crucial inducer of EMT. Phosphorylation of Smad proteins is required for TGFβ1-induced EMT. It was reported that C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was involved in the TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathway and might regulate the activation of Smad proteins. However, whether JNK is activated by TGFβ1 in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) and the role taken by JNK signaling in EMT induced by TGFβ1 remains undetermined. In the present study, we investigated the role of JNK-Smad pathway in EMT induced by TGFβ1 in RPMCs. ⋄ Methods We harvested RPMCs from the peritoneum of male Sprague-Dawley rats and then cultured the cells in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium / F12 medium with 15% (volume:volume) fetal bovine serum. The cells were pretreated with SP600125, a specific inhibitor of JNK, for 4 hours before incubation with TGFβ1. The protein expression levels of phosphorylated JNK, Smad2, and Smad3 were detected by Western blotting. The messenger RNA levels and protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), E-cadherin, and collagen I were determined with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting respectively. ⋄ Results Expression of α-SMA and collagen I were significantly increased and expression of E-cadherin decreased with TGFβ1 in RPMCs. Transforming growth factor β1 can stimulate phosphorylated JNK expression from 5 minutes, with the peak at 10 minutes, and phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 expression from 10 minutes, with the peak at 30 minutes. The addition of SP600125, which blocked activation of JNK, effectively inhibited TGFβ1-induced phosphorylation of Smad3, but not Smad2. Also, our results showed that SP600125 effectively suppressed TGFβ1-induced high expression of α-SMA and collagen I, and prevented TGFβ1-induced downregulation of E-cadherin expression in RPMCs. ⋄ Conclusions This study demonstrated that JNK signaling may play an important role in EMT induced by TGFβ1 in RPMCs through activation of Smad3, suggesting that JNK inhibitor may prove to be a novel therapeutic agent for peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Haiping Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qiongqiong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiuqing Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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Kirpotina LN, Schepetkin IA, Hammaker D, Kuhs A, Khlebnikov AI, Quinn MT. Therapeutic Effects of Tryptanthrin and Tryptanthrin-6-Oxime in Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1145. [PMID: 32792961 PMCID: PMC7394103 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease involving joint and bone damage that is mediated in part by proteases and cytokines produced by synovial macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Although current biological therapeutic strategies for RA have been effective in many cases, new classes of therapeutics are needed. We investigated anti-inflammatory properties of the natural alkaloid tryptanthrin (TRYP) and its synthetic derivative tryptanthrin-6-oxime (TRYP-Ox). Both TRYP and TRYP-Ox inhibited matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 gene expression in interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated primary human FLS, as well as IL-1β–induced secretion of MMP-1/3 by FLS and synovial SW982 cells and IL-6 by FLS, SW982 cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and monocytic THP-1 cells, although TRYP-Ox was generally more effective and had no cytotoxicity in vitro. Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of TRYP and TRYP-Ox in vivo in murine arthritis models showed that both compounds significantly attenuated the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and collagen-antibody–induced arthritis (CAIA), with comparable efficacy. Collagen II (CII)-specific antibody levels were similarly reduced in TRYP- and TRYP-Ox-treated CIA mice. TRYP and TRYP-Ox also suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production by lymph node cells from CIA mice, with TRYP-Ox being more effective in inhibiting IL-17A, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Thus, even though TRYP-Ox generally had a better in vitro profile, possibly due to its ability to inhibit c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), both TRYP and TRYP-Ox were equally effective in inhibiting the clinical symptoms and damage associated with RA. Overall, TRYP and/or TRYP-Ox may represent potential new directions for the pursuit of novel treatments for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Deepa Hammaker
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amanda Kuhs
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia.,Research Institute of Biological Medicine, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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24
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Fernández-Martínez JL, Álvarez-Machancoses Ó, deAndrés-Galiana EJ, Bea G, Kloczkowski A. Robust Sampling of Defective Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease. Implications in Drug Repositioning. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103594. [PMID: 32438758 PMCID: PMC7279419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the analysis of the defective genetic pathways of the Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease (LOAD) compared to the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Healthy Controls (HC) using different sampling methodologies. These algorithms sample the uncertainty space that is intrinsic to any kind of highly underdetermined phenotype prediction problem, by looking for the minimum-scale signatures (header genes) corresponding to different random holdouts. The biological pathways can be identified performing posterior analysis of these signatures established via cross-validation holdouts and plugging the set of most frequently sampled genes into different ontological platforms. That way, the effect of helper genes, whose presence might be due to the high degree of under determinacy of these experiments and data noise, is reduced. Our results suggest that common pathways for Alzheimer’s disease and MCI are mainly related to viral mRNA translation, influenza viral RNA transcription and replication, gene expression, mitochondrial translation, and metabolism, with these results being highly consistent regardless of the comparative methods. The cross-validated predictive accuracies achieved for the LOAD and MCI discriminations were 84% and 81.5%, respectively. The difference between LOAD and MCI could not be clearly established (74% accuracy). The most discriminatory genes of the LOAD-MCI discrimination are associated with proteasome mediated degradation and G-protein signaling. Based on these findings we have also performed drug repositioning using Dr. Insight package, proposing the following different typologies of drugs: isoquinoline alkaloids, antitumor antibiotics, phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K, autophagy inhibitors, antagonists of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and histone deacetylase inhibitors. We believe that the potential clinical relevance of these findings should be further investigated and confirmed with other independent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Fernández-Martínez
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca, 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; (Ó.Á.-M.); (E.J.d.-G.); (G.B.)
- DeepBioInsights, C/Federico García Lorca, 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Óscar Álvarez-Machancoses
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca, 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; (Ó.Á.-M.); (E.J.d.-G.); (G.B.)
- DeepBioInsights, C/Federico García Lorca, 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique J. deAndrés-Galiana
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca, 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; (Ó.Á.-M.); (E.J.d.-G.); (G.B.)
- Department of Informatics and Computer Science, University of Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca, 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guillermina Bea
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca, 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; (Ó.Á.-M.); (E.J.d.-G.); (G.B.)
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Abstract
Antiviral drugs have traditionally been developed by directly targeting essential viral components. However, this strategy often fails due to the rapid generation of drug-resistant viruses. Recent genome-wide approaches, such as those employing small interfering RNA (siRNA) or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) or those using small molecule chemical inhibitors targeting the cellular "kinome," have been used successfully to identify cellular factors that can support virus replication. Since some of these cellular factors are critical for virus replication, but are dispensable for the host, they can serve as novel targets for antiviral drug development. In addition, potentiation of immune responses, regulation of cytokine storms, and modulation of epigenetic changes upon virus infections are also feasible approaches to control infections. Because it is less likely that viruses will mutate to replace missing cellular functions, the chance of generating drug-resistant mutants with host-targeted inhibitor approaches is minimized. However, drug resistance against some host-directed agents can, in fact, occur under certain circumstances, such as long-term selection pressure of a host-directed antiviral agent that can allow the virus the opportunity to adapt to use an alternate host factor or to alter its affinity toward the target that confers resistance. This review describes novel approaches for antiviral drug development with a focus on host-directed therapies and the potential mechanisms that may account for the acquisition of antiviral drug resistance against host-directed agents.
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Oral Administration of Alpha Linoleic Acid Rescues Aβ-Induced Glia-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Dysfunction in C57BL/6N Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030667. [PMID: 32182943 PMCID: PMC7140708 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we evaluated the effects of alpha linoleic acid (ALA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, on amyloid-beta-induced glial-cell-mediated neuroinflammation, amyloidogenesis, and cognitive dysfunction in mice. After an infusion of Aβ1-42 (Aβ1-42, 5 μL/5 min/mouse, intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v), and respective treatments of ALA (60 mg/kg per oral for six weeks), neuroinflammation, apoptotic markers, and synaptic markers were evaluated by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. According to our findings, the infusion of Aβ1-42 activated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ionized calcium adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) in the frontal cortices and hippocampi of the Aβ1-42-injected mice to a greater extent than the Aβ1-42 + ALA-cotreated mice. Similarly, there was an elevated expression of phospho-c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), phospho-nuclear factor-kB p65 (p-NF-kB p65 (Ser536)), and tissue necrosis factor (TNF) in the Aβ1-42 infused mouse brains; interestingly, these markers were significantly reduced in the Aβ + ALA-cotreated group. The elevated expression of pro-apoptotic markers was observed during apoptotic cell death in the Aβ1-42-treated mouse brains, whereas these markers were markedly reduced in the Aβ + ALA-cotreated group. Moreover, Aβ1-42 infusion significantly increased amyloidogenesis, as assessed by the enhanced expression of the amyloid precursor proteins (APP) beta-amyloid cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE-1) and amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) in the mouse brains, whereas these proteins were markedly reduced in the Aβ + ALA-cotreated group. We also checked the effects of ALA against Aβ-triggered synaptic dysfunction and memory dysfunction, showing that ALA significantly improved memory and synaptic functions in Aβ-treated mouse brains. These results indicated that ALA could be an applicable intervention in neuroinflammation, apoptotic cell loss, amyloidogenesis, and memory dysfunction via the inhibition of TLR4 and its downstream targets in Aβ + ALA-cotreated mouse brains.
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Silva TA, Ferreira LFDC, Pereira MCDS, Calvet CM. Differential Role of TGF-β in Extracellular Matrix Regulation During Trypanosoma cruzi-Host Cell Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4836. [PMID: 31569452 PMCID: PMC6801917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a determinant for inflammation and fibrosis in cardiac and skeletal muscle in Chagas disease. To determine its regulatory mechanisms, we investigated the response of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected cardiomyocytes (CM), cardiac fibroblasts (CF), and L6E9 skeletal myoblasts to TGF-β. Cultures of CM, CF, and L6E9 were infected with T. cruzi (Y strain) and treated with TGF-β (1-10 ng/mL, 1 h or 48 h). Fibronectin (FN) distribution was analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot (WB). Phosphorylated SMAD2 (PS2), phospho-p38 (p-p38), and phospho-c-Jun (p-c-Jun) signaling were evaluated by WB. CF and L6E9 showed an increase in FN from 1 ng/mL of TGF-β, while CM displayed FN modulation only after 10 ng/mL treatment. CF and L6E9 showed higher PS2 levels than CM, while p38 was less stimulated in CF than CM and L6E9. T. cruzi infection resulted in localized FN disorganization in CF and L6E9. T. cruzi induced an increase in FN in CF cultures, mainly in uninfected cells. Infected CF cultures treated with TGF-β showed a reduction in PS2 and an increase in p-p38 and p-c-Jun levels. Our data suggest that p38 and c-Jun pathways may be participating in the fibrosis regulatory process mediated by TGF-β after T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Araújo Silva
- Cellular Ultrastructure Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Claudia Magalhães Calvet
- Cellular Ultrastructure Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
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Ling W, Huang YM, Qiao YC, Zhang XX, Zhao HL. Human Amylin: From Pathology to Physiology and Pharmacology. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:944-957. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190328111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The histopathological hallmark of type 2 diabetes is islet amyloid implicated in the developing treatment options. The major component of human islet amyloid is 37 amino acid peptide known as amylin or islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). Amylin is an important hormone that is co-localized, copackaged, and co-secreted with insulin from islet β cells. Physiologically, amylin regulates glucose homeostasis by inhibiting insulin and glucagon secretion. Furthermore, amylin modulates satiety and inhibits gastric emptying via the central nervous system. Normally, human IAPP is soluble and natively unfolded in its monomeric state. Pathologically, human IAPP has a propensity to form oligomers and aggregate. The oligomers show misfolded α-helix conformation and can further convert themselves to β-sheet-rich fibrils as amyloid deposits. The pathological findings and physiological functions of amylin have led to the introduction of pramlintide, an amylin analog, for the treatment of diabetes. The history of amylin’s discovery is a representative example of how a pathological finding can translate into physiological exploration and lead to pharmacological intervention. Understanding the importance of transitioning from pathology to physiology and pharmacology can provide novel insight into diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yan-Mei Huang
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yong-Chao Qiao
- Department of Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Zhang
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hai-Lu Zhao
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
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Escudero CA, Cabeza C, Moya-Alvarado G, Maloney MT, Flores CM, Wu C, Court FA, Mobley WC, Bronfman FC. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent internalization and Rab5-dependent endocytic sorting mediate long-distance retrograde neuronal death induced by axonal BDNF-p75 signaling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6070. [PMID: 30988348 PMCID: PMC6465280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During the development of the sympathetic nervous system, signals from tropomyosin-related kinase receptors (Trks) and p75 neurotrophin receptors (p75) compete to regulate survival and connectivity. During this process, nerve growth factor (NGF)- TrkA signaling in axons communicates NGF-mediated trophic responses in signaling endosomes. Whether axonal p75 signaling contributes to neuronal death and how signaling endosomes contribute to p75 signaling has not been established. Using compartmentalized sympathetic neuronal cultures (CSCGs) as a model, we observed that the addition of BDNF to axons increased the transport of p75 and induced death of sympathetic neurons in a dynein-dependent manner. In cell bodies, internalization of p75 required the activity of JNK, a downstream kinase mediating p75 death signaling in neurons. Additionally, the activity of Rab5, the key GTPase regulating early endosomes, was required for p75 death signaling. In axons, JNK and Rab5 were required for retrograde transport and death signaling mediated by axonal BDNF-p75 in CSCGs. JNK was also required for the proper axonal transport of p75-positive endosomes. Thus, our findings provide evidence that the activation of JNK by p75 in cell bodies and axons is required for internalization to a Rab5-positive signaling endosome and the further propagation of p75-dependent neuronal death signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Escudero
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC) and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Cabeza
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC) and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Moya-Alvarado
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC) and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M T Maloney
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C M Flores
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC) and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - F A Court
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile and FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - W C Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - F C Bronfman
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC) and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Gao Z, Li Y, Zhang C, Zhang S, Jia Y, Li F, Ding H, Li X, Chen Z, Wei Q. AuCu xO-Embedded Mesoporous CeO 2 Nanocomposites as a Signal Probe for Electrochemical Sensitive Detection of Amyloid-Beta Protein. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:12335-12341. [PMID: 30855126 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for detecting amyloid-beta protein was fabricated based on Au NP-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (Au@rGO) as an effective sensing platform and AuCu xO-embedded mesoporous CeO2 (AuCu xO@m-CeO2) nanocomposites as the catalytic matrix. The AuCu xO@m-CeO2 composites were obtained by adjusting the amount of m-CeO2 in the reaction to expose enormous active sites. Also, AuCu xO@m-CeO2 was applied as a matrix to immobilize antibodies by forming bridged bonds between m-CeO2 and carboxyl functional groups of antibodies without additional agents. Furthermore, AuCu xO with prominent catalytic activities dramatically improved the performance of the fabricated immunosensor. Also, the morphology, structure, and electronic state of the surface were characterized by SEM, XRD, TEM, and XPS. In addition, the immunosensor demonstrated a wide linear range of 100 fg mL-1 to 10 ng mL-1. This study may provide a way for sensitively detecting various biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | - Faying Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
| | - Hui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
| | | | | | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
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Herrero-Beaumont G, Pérez-Baos S, Sánchez-Pernaute O, Roman-Blas JA, Lamuedra A, Largo R. Targeting chronic innate inflammatory pathways, the main road to prevention of osteoarthritis progression. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 165:24-32. [PMID: 30825432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation, subchondral bone sclerosis, and synovitis. Systemic factors such as obesity and the components of the metabolic syndrome seem to contribute to its progression. Breakdown of cartilage ensues from an altered balance between mechanical overload and its absorption by this tissue. There is in this context a status of persistent local inflammation by means of the chronic activation of innate immunity. A broad variety of danger-associated molecular patterns inside OA joint are able to activate pattern recognition receptors, mainly TLR (toll-like receptor) 2 and 4, which are overexpressed in the OA cartilage. Chronic activation of innate immune responses in chondrocytes results in a robust production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as of tissue-destructive enzymes, downstream of NF-κB and MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) dependent pathways. Besides, the toxic effects of an excess of glucose and/or fatty acids, which share the same pro-inflammatory intracellular signalling pathways, may add fuel to the fire. Not only high concentrations of glucose can render cells prone to inflammation, but also AGEs (advanced glycation end products) are integrated into the TLR signalling network through their own innate immune receptors. Considering these mechanisms, we argue for the control of both primary inflammation and proteolytic catabolism as a preventive strategy in OA, instead of focusing treatment on the enhancement of anabolic responses. Even though this approach would not return to normal already degraded cartilage, it nonetheless might avoid damage extension to the surrounding tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Pérez-Baos
- Joint and Bone Research Unit, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jorge A Roman-Blas
- Joint and Bone Research Unit, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Lamuedra
- Joint and Bone Research Unit, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Largo
- Joint and Bone Research Unit, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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Song YJ, Dai CX, Li M, Cui MM, Ding X, Zhao XF, Wang CL, Li ZL, Guo MY, Fu YY, Wen XR, Qi DS, Wang YL. The potential role of HO-1 in regulating the MLK3-MKK7-JNK3 module scaffolded by JIP1 during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 359:528-535. [PMID: 30412737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO-1), which may be induced by Cobaltic protoporphyrin IX chloride (CoPPIX) or Rosiglitazone (Ros), is a neuroprotective agent that effectively reduces ischemic stroke. Previous studies have shown that the neuroprotective mechanisms of HO-1 are related to JNK signaling. The expression of HO-1 protects cells from death through the JNK signaling pathway. This study aimed to ascertain whether the neuroprotective effect of HO-1 depends on the assembly of the MLK3-MKK7-JNK3 signaling module scaffolded by JIP1 and further influences the JNK signal transmission through HO-1. Prior to the ischemia-reperfusion experiment, CoPPIX was injected through the lateral ventricle for 5 consecutive days or Ros was administered via intraperitoneal administration in the week prior to transient ischemia. Our results demonstrated that HO-1 could inhibit the assembly of the MLK3-MKK7-JNK3 signaling module scaffolded by JIP1 and could ultimately diminish the phosphorylation of JNK3. Furthermore, the inhibition of JNK3 phosphorylation downregulated the level of p-c-Jun and elevated neuronal cell death in the CA1 of the hippocampus. Taken together, these findings suggested that HO-1 could ameliorate brain injury by regulating the MLK3-MKK7-JNK3 signaling module, which was scaffolded by JIP1 and JNK signaling during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jian Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China; Department of Genetics, Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Chun-Xiao Dai
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Man Li
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Miao-Miao Cui
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Xin Ding
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fang Zhao
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Cai-Lin Wang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Zhen-Ling Li
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Meng-Yuan Guo
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China; Department of Genetics, Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Xiang-Ru Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China; School of Basic Education Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China.
| | - Da-Shi Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China; Department of Genetics, Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China.
| | - Yu-Lan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China; Department of Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China.
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Zou Z, Cai J, Zhong A, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Wu Z, Yang Y, Li X, Cheng X, Tan J, Fan Y, Zhang X, Lu Y, Zhou Y, Yang L, Zhang C, Zhao Q, Fu D, Shen Q, Chen J, Bai S, Wu L, Chen Y, Chen X, Chen J, Zheng H, Wang H, Lou Y, Ding Y, Shen S, Ye Y, Chen L, Lin Y, Huang J, Zou K, Zhang J, Bian B, Huang C, Rong C, Dai L, Xu Y, Cheng L, Chen Y, Luo Y, Zhang S, Li L. Using the synthesized peptide HAYED (5) to protect the brain against iron catalyzed radical attack in a naturally senescence Kunming mouse model. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:458-470. [PMID: 30448512 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the brain. It cannot be cured currently, and those suffering from AD place a great burden on their caregivers and society. AD is characterized by high levels of iron ions in the brain, which catalyze radicals that damage the neurons. Knowing that the Aβ42 peptide precipitates iron by binding iron ions at amino acid residues D1, E3, H11, H13, and H14, we synthesized a 5-repeat (HAYED) sequence peptide. By treating iron-stressed SH-SY5Y cells with it and injecting it into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of naturally senescence Kunming mouse, which displaying AD-similar symptoms such as learning and memory dysfunction, neuron degeneration and high level of iron in brain, we found that HAYED (5) decreased the iron and radical levels in the cell culture medium and in the CSF. Specially, the synthesized peptide prevented cell and brain damage. Furthermore, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests demonstrated that the peptide ameliorated brain blood-oxygen metabolism and slowed cognitive loss in the experimental senescence mice, and clinical and blood tests showed that HAYED (5) was innoxious to the kidney, the liver and blood and offset the AD-associated inflammation and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyou Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, GX 541199, China; Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China; Biochemistry Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Jing Cai
- Genetic Department of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, JS 210000, China
| | - Aiguo Zhong
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China.
| | - Zengxian Wang
- Medical Image Center of Affiliated Hospital of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China.
| | - Zhongmin Wu
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Xin Li
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Xiaoying Cheng
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, GX 541199, China
| | - Yihao Fan
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Yuxiang Lu
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | | | - Qiang Zhao
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Derong Fu
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Qiqiong Shen
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Shi Bai
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Yongfeng Chen
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Jiaren Chen
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Hongjie Zheng
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Hongdian Wang
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Yingjie Lou
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Yarong Ding
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Shiyi Shen
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Lifen Chen
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Yukai Lin
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Jue Huang
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Kechun Zou
- Shangli Teacher Training School, Pingxiang, JX 337009, China
| | - Jianxing Zhang
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Baohua Bian
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Chengbo Huang
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Cuiping Rong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, GX 541199, China
| | - Limiao Dai
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Yewen Luo
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, ZJ 318000, China
| | - Liangxian Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, GX 541199, China
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Mancini O, Rolinski OJ, Kubiak-Ossowska K, Mulheran PA. Tyrosine Rotamer States in Beta Amyloid: Signatures of Aggregation and Fibrillation. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16046-16056. [PMID: 31458243 PMCID: PMC6643746 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During the early stages of β amyloid (Ab) peptide aggregation, toxic oligomers form which have been recognized as a likely cause of Alzheimer's disease. In this work, we use fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to study the amorphous aggregation of the peptide as well as model β-sheet protofibril structures. In particular, we study the rotamer states of the single fluorescent tyrosine (Tyr) residue present in each Ab. We find that the occupation of the four previously identified rotamers is different for monomeric and amorphous aggregates because of the differing environments of the Tyr side-chains. Surprisingly, we also identify two new rotamers that uniquely appear for the β-sheet structures, so that together the rotamers provide distinct signatures for the different stages of aggregation and fibrillation. We propose that these rotamers could be identified in fluorescence spectroscopy, with each rotamer having a distinct fluorescence lifetime because of its different exposures to the solvent. The identification of the two new rotamers therefore provides a new means to probe amyloid formation kinetics and to monitor the effect of additives including prospective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onorio Mancini
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, U.K.
| | - Olaf J. Rolinski
- Department of Physics, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, U.K.
| | | | - Paul A. Mulheran
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, U.K.
- E-mail: (P.A.M.)
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Schepetkin IA, Khlebnikov AI, Potapov AS, Kovrizhina AR, Matveevskaya VV, Belyanin ML, Atochin DN, Zanoza SO, Gaidarzhy NM, Lyakhov SA, Kirpotina LN, Quinn MT. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling of 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one derivatives and tryptanthrin-6-oxime as c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 161:179-191. [PMID: 30347329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) play a central role in many physiologic and pathologic processes. We synthesized novel 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime analogs and tryptanthrin-6-oxime (indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dion-6-oxime) and evaluated their effects on JNK activity. Several compounds exhibited sub-micromolar JNK binding affinity and were selective for JNK1/JNK3 versus JNK2. The most potent compounds were 10c (11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one O-(O-ethylcarboxymethyl) oxime) and tryptanthrin-6-oxime, which had dissociation constants (Kd) for JNK1 and JNK3 of 22 and 76 nM and 150 and 275 nM, respectively. Molecular modeling suggested a mode of binding interaction at the JNK catalytic site and that the selected oxime derivatives were potentially competitive JNK inhibitors. JNK binding activity of the compounds correlated with their ability to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-κB/activating protein 1 (NF-κB/AP-1) activation in human monocytic THP-1Blue cells and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by human MonoMac-6 cells. Thus, oximes with indenoquinoxaline and tryptanthrin nuclei can serve as specific small-molecule modulators for mechanistic studies of JNK, as well as potential leads for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Biological Medicine, Altai State University, Barnaul, 656049, Russia
| | - Andrei S Potapov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | | | - Vladislava V Matveevskaya
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Maxim L Belyanin
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Dmitriy N Atochin
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Svitlana O Zanoza
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Nadiya M Gaidarzhy
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy A Lyakhov
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
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Mechanical stretch aggravates aortic dissection by regulating MAPK pathway and the expression of MMP-9 and inflammation factors. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1294-1302. [PMID: 30372831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore whether mechanical stretch aggravated aortic dissection through regulating MAPK pathway, MMP-9, and inflammation factors. We first established aortic dissection model rats. Mechanical stretch (3 g) was exerted on vascular ring of aortic dissection which was also treated by inhibitors of MAPK pathway (SB203580, SP600125, and U0126). HE and Masson staining showed that aortic dissection severity with 3 g tension was worse than that without tension (0 g); after the treatments of diverse inhibitors, the fracture and breakage of the elastic fibers decreased. The expression of MMP-9, TNF-α, IL-1β) p38/p-p38, JNK1/p-JNK1, and ERK1/2/p-ERK1/2 were determined by immunohistochemical analysis, RT-PCR, and western blot. No matter whether tension was exerted or inhibitors were added, there was no change in the expression of p38, JNK1, and ERK1/2. However, compared to the 0 g group, the expression of MMP-9, TNF-α, IL-1β, p-p38, p-JNK1, and p-ERK1/2 was significantly upregulated in the 3 g group (P < 0.05). In both 0 g and 3 g groups, the expression of MMP-9, TNF-α, IL-1β, p-p38, p-JNK1, and p-ERK1/2 was remarkably downregulated after inhibitors treatment (P < 0.05). In conclusion, mechanical stretch aggravated aortic dissection by regulating the MAPK pathway and the consequent expression of MMP-9 and inflammation factors.
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Zhang D, Li X, Hu Y, Jiang H, Wu Y, Ding Y, Yu K, He H, Xu J, Sun L, Qian F. Tabersonine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via suppressing TRAF6 ubiquitination. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:183-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kumar R, Khandelwal N, Thachamvally R, Tripathi BN, Barua S, Kashyap SK, Maherchandani S, Kumar N. Role of MAPK/MNK1 signaling in virus replication. Virus Res 2018; 253:48-61. [PMID: 29864503 PMCID: PMC7114592 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are known to exploit cellular signaling pathways. MAPK is a major cell signaling pathway activated by diverse group of viruses. MNK1 regulates both cap-dependent and IRES-mediated mRNA translation. This review discuss the role of MAPK, particularly the role of MNK1 in virus replication.
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites; they heavily depend on the host cell machinery to effectively replicate and produce new progeny virus particles. Following viral infection, diverse cell signaling pathways are initiated by the cells, with the major goal of establishing an antiviral state. However, viruses have been shown to exploit cellular signaling pathways for their own effective replication. Genome-wide siRNA screens have also identified numerous host factors that either support (proviral) or inhibit (antiviral) virus replication. Some of the host factors might be dispensable for the host but may be critical for virus replication; therefore such cellular factors may serve as targets for development of antiviral therapeutics. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a major cell signaling pathway that is known to be activated by diverse group of viruses. MAPK interacting kinase 1 (MNK1) has been shown to regulate both cap-dependent and internal ribosomal entry sites (IRES)-mediated mRNA translation. In this review we have discuss the role of MAPK in virus replication, particularly the role of MNK1 in replication and translation of viral genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Riyesh Thachamvally
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Bhupendra Nath Tripathi
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India
| | - Sunil Maherchandani
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
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Zhang H, Liu X, Zhou S, Jia Y, Li Y, Song Y, Wang J, Wu H. SP600125 suppresses Keap1 expression and results in NRF2-mediated prevention of diabetic nephropathy. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:145-157. [PMID: 29273684 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The JNK inhibitor SP600125 was reported to ameliorate DN. However, the mechanism remained unclear. We previously reported that SP600125 activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a governor of the cellular antioxidant defense system, in the aortas of the diabetic mice. Given the critical role of NRF2 in preventing DN, the present study aimed to test whether or not NRF2 is required for SP600125's protection against DN. To test the role of NRF2 in SP600125's effect, streptozotocin-induced C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and Nrf2-knockout (KO) diabetic mice were treated in the presence or absence of SP600125, for 24 weeks. To explore the mechanism by which SP600125 activates NRF2, mouse mesangial cells (MMCs) were treated with high glucose (HG), in the presence or absence of either SP600125 or JNK siRNA. SP600125 significantly attenuated the diabetes-induced renal oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, pathological change and dysfunction in the WT, but not the Nrf2 KO mice. SP600125 inactivated JNK, inhibited kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 expression, preserved NRF2 protein and facilitated its nuclear translocation in the kidneys of the WT mice, the effects of which were similarly produced by either SP600125 or JNK siRNA in HG-treated MMCs. Further, both SP600125 and JNK siRNA alleviated HG-induced mesangial oxidative stress and expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes. The present study demonstrates that NRF2 is required for SP600125's protection against DN. SP600125 activates NRF2 possibly via inhibition of JNK-induced Keap1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Operating TheaterChina-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Cardiovascular CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Jia
- Department of NephrologyThe First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuguo Song
- Research Institute of Clinical ImmunologyAffiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Life SciencesBeihua University, Jilin, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Wang
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
- The '973' National Basic Research Program of ChinaChangchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Ganduri R, Singh V, Biswas A, Karothu DP, Sekar K, Balaji KN, Guru Row TN. Structural and biological evaluation of halogen derivatives of 1,9-pyrazoloanthrones towards the design of a specific potent inhibitor of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00852c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A specifically designed halogen derivatives of anthrapyrazolone for the selective inhibition of JNKs at lower concentrations with minimal off-target effects on MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Ganduri
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Vikas Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Ansuman Biswas
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Durga Prasad Karothu
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Kanagaraj Sekar
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | | | - Tayur N. Guru Row
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
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The WNT7B protein promotes the migration and differentiation of human dental pulp cells partly through WNT/beta-catenin and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signalling pathways. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 87:54-61. [PMID: 29268145 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the WNT7B protein in the migration and differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). DESIGN The effect of recombinant human WNT7B (rhWNT7B) on the proliferation and migration of HDPCs was evaluated by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), immunofluorescence staining of Ki67, flow cytometry and scratch assay; the differentiation of HDPCs was measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining, ALP activity, qPCR and western blot. The activation of the WNT/beta-catenin (WNT/β-catenin) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways was analysed by western blot, immunocytochemistry and dual luciferase assays. XAV939 and SP600125,the inhibitors of the WNT/β-catenin and JNK pathways, were further applied to verify the mechanism. RESULTS rhWNT7B repressed the proliferation but did not affect the apoptosis of HDPCs. In the presence of rhWNT7B, ALP and alizarin red staining were increased substantially in the HDPCs with osteogenic induction; the gene expression of Runx2 and Col1 in HDPCs was quite elevated compared with that induced in osteogenic medium without WNT7B measured by qPCR; The ALP activity was also increased with rhWNT7B stimulation in HDPCs after 7-day odontogenic culture; Western blot revealed that the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) of HDPCs was up-regulated significantly with the addition of WNT7B as well. Further study showed that rhWNT7B activated the WNT/β-catenin and JNK signalling pathways in the differentiation of HDPCs. XAV939 and SP600125 can partly offset the effect of the WNT7B-induced differentiation of HDPCs. CONCLUSION WNT7B promoted the differentiation of HDPCs partly through the WNT/β-catenin and JNK signalling pathways.
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Uimari O, Rahmioglu N, Nyholt DR, Vincent K, Missmer SA, Becker C, Morris AP, Montgomery GW, Zondervan KT. Genome-wide genetic analyses highlight mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2017; 32:780-793. [PMID: 28333195 PMCID: PMC5400041 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for endometriosis provide insight into novel biological pathways associated with its pathogenesis? SUMMARY ANSWER GWAS analysis uncovered multiple pathways that are statistically enriched for genetic association signals, analysis of Stage A disease highlighted a novel variant in MAP3K4, while top pathways significantly associated with all endometriosis and Stage A disease included several mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related pathways. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endometriosis is a complex disease with an estimated heritability of 50%. To date, GWAS revealed 10 genomic regions associated with endometriosis, explaining <4% of heritability, while half of the heritability is estimated to be due to common risk variants. Pathway analyses combine the evidence of single variants into gene-based measures, leveraging the aggregate effect of variants in genes and uncovering biological pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Pathway analysis was conducted utilizing the International Endogene Consortium GWAS data, comprising 3194 surgically confirmed endometriosis cases and 7060 controls of European ancestry with genotype data imputed up to 1000 Genomes Phase three reference panel. GWAS was performed for all endometriosis cases and for Stage A (revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) I/II, n = 1686) and B (rAFS III/IV, n = 1364) cases separately. The identified significant pathways were compared with pathways previously investigated in the literature through candidate association studies. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The most comprehensive biological pathway databases, MSigDB (including BioCarta, KEGG, PID, SA, SIG, ST and GO) and PANTHER were utilized to test for enrichment of genetic variants associated with endometriosis. Statistical enrichment analysis was performed using the MAGENTA (Meta-Analysis Gene-set Enrichment of variaNT Associations) software. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The first genome-wide association analysis for Stage A endometriosis revealed a novel locus, rs144240142 (P = 6.45 × 10−8, OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.23–2.37), an intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within MAP3K4. This SNP was not associated with Stage B disease (P = 0.086). MAP3K4 was also shown to be differentially expressed in eutopic endometrium between Stage A endometriosis cases and controls (P = 3.8 × 10−4), but not with Stage B disease (P = 0.26). A total of 14 pathways enriched with genetic endometriosis associations were identified (false discovery rate (FDR)-P < 0.05). The pathways associated with any endometriosis were Grb2-Sos provides linkage to MAPK signaling for integrins pathway (P = 2.8 × 10−5, FDR-P = 3.0 × 10−3), Wnt signaling (P = 0.026, FDR-P = 0.026) and p130Cas linkage to MAPK signaling for integrins pathway (P = 6.0 × 10−4, FDR-P = 0.029); with Stage A endometriosis: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1 ERK2 MAPK (P = 5.0 × 10−4, FDR-P = 5.0 × 10−4) and with Stage B endometriosis: two overlapping pathways that related to extracellular matrix biology—Core matrisome (P = 1.4 × 10−3, FDR-P = 0.013) and ECM glycoproteins (P = 1.8 × 10−3, FDR-P = 7.1 × 10−3). Genes arising from endometriosis candidate gene studies performed to date were enriched for Interleukin signaling pathway (P = 2.3 × 10−12), Apoptosis signaling pathway (P = 9.7 × 10−9) and Gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor pathway (P = 1.2 × 10−6); however, these pathways did not feature in the results based on GWAS data. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The analysis is restricted to (i) variants in/near genes that can be assigned to pathways, excluding intergenic variants; (ii) the gene-based pathway definition as registered in the databases; (iii) women of European ancestry. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The top ranked pathways associated with overall and Stage A endometriosis in particular involve integrin-mediated MAPK activation and intracellular ERK/MAPK acting downstream in the MAPK cascade, both acting in the control of cell division, gene expression, cell movement and survival. Other top enriched pathways in Stage B disease include ECM glycoprotein pathways important for extracellular structure and biochemical support. The results highlight the need for increased efforts to understand the functional role of these pathways in endometriosis pathogenesis, including the investigation of the biological effects of the genetic variants on downstream molecular processes in tissue relevant to endometriosis. Additionally, our results offer further support for the hypothesis of at least partially distinct causal pathophysiology for minimal/mild (rAFS I/II) vs. moderate/severe (rAFS III/IV) endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The genome-wide association data and Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) were generated through funding from the Wellcome Trust (WT084766/Z/08/Z, 076113 and 085475) and the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia (241944, 339462, 389927, 389875, 389891, 389892, 389938, 443036, 442915, 442981, 496610, 496739, 552485 and 552498). N.R. was funded by a grant from the Medical Research Council UK (MR/K011480/1). A.P.M. is a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellow in Basic Biomedical Science (grant WT098017). All authors declare there are no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Uimari
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Katy Vincent
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Francis Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Becker
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
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Eurlings IMJ, Reynaert NL, van de Wetering C, Aesif SW, Mercken EM, de Cabo R, van der Velden JL, Janssen-Heininger YM, Wouters EFM, Dentener MA. Involvement of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase in TNF-α-Driven Remodeling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:393-401. [PMID: 27875656 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0195oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung tissue remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airway wall thickening and/or emphysema. Although the bronchial and alveolar compartments are functionally independent entities, we recently showed comparable alterations in matrix composition comprised of decreased elastin content and increased collagen and hyaluronan contents of alveolar and small airway walls. Out of several animal models tested, surfactant protein C (SPC)-TNF-α mice showed remodeling in alveolar and airway walls similar to what we observed in patients with COPD. Epithelial cells are able to undergo a phenotypic shift, gaining mesenchymal properties, a process in which c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling is involved. Therefore, we hypothesized that TNF-α induces JNK-dependent epithelial plasticity, which contributes to lung matrix remodeling. To this end, the ability of TNF-α to induce a phenotypic shift was assessed in A549, BEAS2B, and primary bronchial epithelial cells, and phenotypic markers were studied in SPC-TNF-α mice. Phenotypic markers of mesenchymal cells were elevated both in vitro and in vivo, as shown by the expression of vimentin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, collagen, and matrix metalloproteinases. Concurrently, the expression of the epithelial markers, E-cadherin and keratin 7 and 18, was attenuated. A pharmacological inhibitor of JNK attenuated this phenotypic shift in vitro, demonstrating involvement of JNK signaling in this process. Interestingly, activation of JNK signaling was also clearly present in lungs of SPC-TNF-α mice and patients with COPD. Together, these data show a role for TNF-α in the induction of a phenotypic shift in vitro, resulting in increased collagen production and the expression of elastin-degrading matrix metalloproteinases, and provide evidence for involvement of the TNF-α-JNK axis in extracellular matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M J Eurlings
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Cheryl van de Wetering
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Scott W Aesif
- 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Evi M Mercken
- 3 Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- 3 Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Jos L van der Velden
- 4 Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Emiel F M Wouters
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mieke A Dentener
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Barreto S, Gonzalez-Vazquez A, Cameron AR, Cavanagh B, Murray DJ, O'Brien FJ. Identification of the mechanisms by which age alters the mechanosensitivity of mesenchymal stromal cells on substrates of differing stiffness: Implications for osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:59-69. [PMID: 28216301 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify the mechanisms by which skeletal maturity alters the mechanosensitivity of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and, the implications for osteogenesis and angiogenesis during bone formation, we compared the response of MSCs derived from children and skeletally-mature healthy adults cultured on soft and stiff collagen-coated polyacrylamide substrates. MSCs from children were more mechanosensitive, showing enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis on stiff substrates as indicated by increased endothelial tubule formation, PGF production, nuclear-translocation of YAP, ALP activity and mineralisation. To examine these mechanisms in more detail, a customised PCR array identified an age-dependent, stiffness-induced upregulation of NOX1, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, WIF1 and, of particular interest, JNK3 in cells from children compared to adults. When JNK3 activity was inhibited, a reduction in stiffness-induced driven osteogenesis was observed - suggesting that JNK3 might serve as a novel target for recapitulating the enhanced regenerative potential of children in adults suffering from bone degeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We investigated the age-associated changes in the capacity of MSCs for bone regeneration involving the mechanosensitive signalling pathways, which reduce the ability of adult cells to respond to biophysical cues in comparison to cells from children, who are still undergoing bone development. Our results offer new insights into the mechanobiology of MSCs and sheds new light on age-altered mechanosensitivity and, on why children have such an immense capacity to regenerate their skeletal system. We have identified the mechanisms by which skeletal maturity alters the mechanosensitivity of mesenchymal stromal cells and an age-dependent, stiffness-induced upregulation of a number of prominent genes including, most notably, JNK3 in children cells, thus suggesting its potential to promote enhanced bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Barreto
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, CRANN Institute, RCSI & TCD, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Arlyng Gonzalez-Vazquez
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, CRANN Institute, RCSI & TCD, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew R Cameron
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, CRANN Institute, RCSI & TCD, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brenton Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dylan J Murray
- National Paediatric Craniofacial Centre, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, CRANN Institute, RCSI & TCD, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Bhattacharjee N, Barma S, Konwar N, Dewanjee S, Manna P. Mechanistic insight of diabetic nephropathy and its pharmacotherapeutic targets: An update. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:8-24. [PMID: 27568833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a chronic complication of diabetes, is charecterized by glomerular hypertrophy, proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration, and renal fibrosis resulting in the loss of renal function. Although the exact cause of DN remains unclear, several mechanisms have been postulated, such as hyperglycemia-induced renal hyper filtration and renal injury, AGEs-induced increased oxidative stress, activated PKC-induced increased production of cytokines, chemokines, and different inflammatory and apoptotic signals. Among various factors, oxidative stress has been suggested to play a major role underlying the onset and propagation of DN. It triggers several signaling pathways involved in DN, like AGEs, PKC cascade, JAK/STAT signaling, MAPK, mTOR, and SMAD. Oxidative stress-induced activation of both inflammatory and apoptotic signals are two major problems in the pathogenesis of DN. The FDA approved pharmacotherapeutic agents affecting against polyol pathway principally include anti-oxidants, like α-lipoic acid, vitamin E, and vitamin C. Kremezin and benfotiamine are the FDA approved AGEs inhibitors, another therapeutic target against DN. Ruboxistaurin, telmizartan, rapamycin, fenofibrate, aliskiren, and manidipine are some FDA approved pharmacotherapeutics effective against DN via diverse mechanisms. Beside this, some therapeutic agents are still waiting for FDA approval and few drugs without FDA approval are also prescribed in some countries for the management of DN. Despite the medications available in the market to treat DN, the involvement of multiple mechanisms makes it difficult to choose an optimum therapeutic agent. Therefore, much research is required to find out new therapeutic agent/strategies for an adequate pharmacotherapy of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloy Bhattacharjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sujata Barma
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nandita Konwar
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India.
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Tesch GH, Ma FY, Nikolic-Paterson DJ. ASK1: a new therapeutic target for kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F373-81. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00208.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced activation of p38 MAPK and JNK signaling is a feature of both acute and chronic kidney disease and is associated with disease progression. Inhibitors of p38 MAPK or JNK activation provide protection against inflammation and fibrosis in animal models of kidney disease; however, clinical trials of p38 MAPK and JNK inhibitors in other diseases (rheumatoid arthritis and pulmonary fibrosis) have been disappointing. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) acts as an upstream regulator for the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK in kidney disease. Mice lacking the Ask1 gene are healthy with normal homeostatic functions and are protected from acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion and from renal interstitial fibrosis induced by ureteric obstruction. Recent studies have shown that a selective ASK1 inhibitor substantially reduced renal p38 MAPK activation and halted the progression of nephropathy in diabetic mice, and this has led to a current clinical trial of an ASK1 inhibitor in patients with stage 3 or 4 diabetic kidney disease. This review explores the rationale for targeting ASK1 in kidney disease and the therapeutic potential of ASK1 inhibitors based on current experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg H. Tesch
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and
- Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Y. Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and
- Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J. Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and
- Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Pathological pain is one of the most common neurological complications in patients with HIV-1/AIDS. However, the pathogenic process is unclear. Our recent studies show that Wnt5a is upregulated in the spinal cord dorsal horn (SDH) of the patients with HIV who develop pain and that HIV-1 gp120, a potential causal factor of the HIV-associated pain, rapidly upregulates Wnt5a in the mouse SDH. Using a mouse model, we show here that a specific Wnt5a antagonist, Box-5, attenuated gp120-induced mechanical allodynia. Conversely, a Wnt5a agonist, Foxy5, facilitated the allodynia. To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which Wnt5a regulates gp120-induced allodynia, we tested the role of the JNK/TNF-α pathway. We observed that the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 blocked either gp120- or Foxy5-induced allodynia. Similarly, the TNF-α-specific antagonist Enbrel also reversed either gp120- or Foxy5-induced allodynia. These data suggest that JNK and TNF-α mediate the biological effects of Wnt5a in regulating gp120-induced allodynia. To investigate the cellular mechanism, we performed extracellular single-unit recording from SDH neurons in anesthetized mice. Both Box-5 and SP600125 negated gp120-induced potentiation of SDH neuron spiking evoked by mechanical stimulation of the hind paw. Furthermore, while Foxy5 potentiated spike frequency of SDH neurons, either SP600125 or Enbrel blocked the potentiation. The data indicate that Wnt5a potentiates the activity of SDH neurons through the JNK-TNF-α pathway. Collectively, our findings suggest that Wnt5a regulates the pathogenesis of gp120-induced pain, likely by sensitizing pain-processing SDH neurons through JNK/TNF-α signaling.
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Tian T, Tian W, Yang F, Zhao R, Huang Q, Zhao Y. Sphingosine kinase 1 inhibition improves lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway. United European Gastroenterol J 2016; 4:677-685. [PMID: 27733910 DOI: 10.1177/2050640616637968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1)/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) signaling plays a key role in inflammatory responses. Lei et al. showed that SphK1 inhibition presented a hepatoprotective effect on acute liver damage via decreasing hepatic high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) cytoplasmic translocation. OBJECTIVE We aim to determine whether SphK1 or S1PRs inhibition improves lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced acute liver failure by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway. METHODS A mouse model of acute liver failure was induced by LPS/GalN. Male C57BL/6J mice (6-8 weeks) were randomly distributed into five groups: control group, LPS/GalN group, SphK1 inhibition group (LPS/GalN+SKI-5c), S1PR1 inhibition group (LPS/GalN+W146), and S1PR3 inhibition group (LPS/GalN+CAY10444). RESULTS We confirmed the findings of Lei et al. that hepatic SphK1 expression was upregulated; serum transaminase activity (AST, ALT), as well as serum TNF-α and IL-6, were decreased by SphK1 inhibition. We further showed that the expression of S1PR1 and S1PR3 was augmented in response to LPS/GalN. SphK1 inhibition improves hepatic hemorrhage, and the activities of hepatic caspase-3 and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Furthermore, the activation of the MAPKs family (JNK, ERK and p38) was suppressed by SphK1 inhibition. However, S1PR1 or S1PR3 inhibition did not protect the mouse against liver damage, though S1PR1 or S1PR3 inhibition reduced serum TNF-α and IL-6, and partially attenuated the phosphorylation of the MAPKs signaling. CONCLUSIONS SphK1 inhibition improves LPS/GalN-induced liver injury by inhibiting activation of MAPKs signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiliang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Risheng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunzhao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Dervishi E, Lam TH, Dunn SM, Zwierzchowski G, Saleem F, Wishart DS, Ametaj BN. Recombinant mouse prion protein alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide alters expression of innate immunity genes in the colon of mice. Prion 2016; 9:59-73. [PMID: 25695140 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2015.1019694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to test whether recombinant mouse (mo)PrP alone or in combination with LPS or under simulated endotoxemia would affect expression of genes related to host inflammatory and antimicrobial responses. To test our hypotheses colon tissues were collected from 16 male mice (FVB/N strain) and mounted in an Ussing chamber. Application of moPrP to the mucosal side of the colon affected genes related to TLR- and NLR- signaling and antimicrobial responses. When LPS was added on the mucosal side of the colon, genes related to TLR, Nlrp3 inflammasome, and iron transport proteins were over-expressed. Addition of LPS to the serosal side of the colon up-regulated genes related to TLR- and NLR-signaling, Nlrp3 inflammasome, and a chemokine. Treatment with both moPrP and LPS to the mucosal side of the colon upregulated genes associated with TLR, downstream signal transduction (DST), inflammatory response, attraction of dendritic cells to the site of inflammation, and the JNK-apoptosis pathway. Administration of moPrP to the mucosal side and LPS to the serosal side of the colon affected genes related to TLR- and NLR-signaling, DST, apoptosis, inflammatory response, cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides. Overall this study suggests a potential role for moPrP as an endogenous 'danger signal' associated with activation of colon genes related to innate immunity and antibacterial responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Dervishi
- a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science ; University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , Canada
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Yarza R, Vela S, Solas M, Ramirez MJ. c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) Signaling as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2016; 6:321. [PMID: 26793112 PMCID: PMC4709475 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are a family of protein kinases that play a central role in stress signaling pathways implicated in gene expression, neuronal plasticity, regeneration, cell death, and regulation of cellular senescence. It has been shown that there is a JNK pathway activation after exposure to different stressing factors, including cytokines, growth factors, oxidative stress, unfolded protein response signals or Aβ peptides. Altogether, JNKs have become a focus of screening strategies searching for new therapeutic approaches to diabetes, cancer or liver diseases. In addition, activation of JNK has been identified as a key element responsible for the regulation of apoptosis signals and therefore, it is critical for pathological cell death associated with neurodegenerative diseases and, among them, with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies have reported alterations of JNK pathways potentially associated with pathogenesis and neuronal death in AD. JNK’s, particularly JNK3, not only enhance Aβ production, moreover it plays a key role in the maturation and development of neurofibrillary tangles. This review aims to explain the rationale behind testing therapies based on inhibition of JNK signaling for AD in terms of current knowledge about the pathophysiology of the disease. Keeping in mind that JNK3 is specifically expressed in the brain and activated by stress-stimuli, it is possible to hypothesize that inhibition of JNK3 might be considered as a potential target for treating neurodegenerative mechanisms associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Yarza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Vela
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Solas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of NavarraPamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplona, Spain
| | - Maria J Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of NavarraPamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplona, Spain
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