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Das S, T C, Selvasembian R, Prabhu AA. Mixed food waste valorization using a thermostable glucoamylase enzyme produced by a newly isolated filamentous fungus: A sustainable biorefinery approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141480. [PMID: 38401866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Food waste is a lucrative source of complex nutrients, which can be transformed into a multitude of bioproducts by the aid of microbial cell factories. The current study emphasizes isolating Glucoamylase enzyme (GA) producing strains that can effectively break down mixed food waste (MW), which serves as a substrate for biomanufacturing. The screening procedure relied heavily on the growth of isolated fungi on starch agar media, to specifically identify the microbes with the highest starch hydrolysis potential. A strain displayed the highest GA activity of 2.9 ± 0.14 U/ml which was selected and identified as Aspergillus fumigatus via molecular methods of identification. Exposure of the A. fumigatus with 200 mM Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) led to a 23.79% increase compared to the wild-type GA. The growth conditions like cultivation temperature or the number of spores in the inoculum were investigated. Further, maximum GA activity was exhibited at pH 5, 55 °C, and at 5 mM Ca2+ concentration. The GA showed thermostability, retaining activity even after long periods of exposure to temperatures as high as 95 °C. The improvement of hydrolysis of MW was achieved by Taguchi design where a maximum yield of 0.57 g g-1 glucose was obtained in the hydrolysate. This study puts forth the possibility that mixed food waste, despite containing spices and other microbial growth-inhibitory substances, can be efficiently hydrolyzed to release glucose units, by robust fungal cell factories. The glucose released can then be utilized as a carbon source for the production of value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satwika Das
- Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Chandukishore T
- Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522240, India
| | - Ashish A Prabhu
- Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India.
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Yin S, Siahaan EA, Niu L, Shibata M, Liu Y, Hagiwara T. Real time monitoring and evaluation of the inhibition effect of fucoxanthin against α-amylase activity by using QCM-A. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1110615. [PMID: 36712503 PMCID: PMC9877462 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1110615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The main symptoms of diabetes are hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The inhibition of the starch digestion enzymes could effectively regulate starch digestion and glucose absorption, thereby slowing or treating the symptoms of postprandial hyperglycemia. Herein, we used fucoxanthin isolated from Undaria pinnatifida stems, as α-amylase inhibitor, and monitored the interactions of both biomolecules by using quartz crystal microbalance-admittance (QCM-A) instrument. All the processes of α-amylase hydrolysis of starch were also dynamically tracked by using amylose-immobilized QCM technology. In our work, we found that the kinetic parameter (k off, k on, and k cat) values obtained by the QCM-A analysis were relatively consistent compared to the kinetic parameter values obtained by the conventional Michaelis-Menten analysis. For the inhibitory reactions, the results showed that fucoxanthin significantly reduced the activity of α-amylase in a dose-dependent manner. The QCM-A technology shown to be an excellent approach in obtaining comprehensive and accurate kinetic parameters, thereby providing real and accurate data for kinetic studies. It is helpful to clarify the mechanism of action of fucoxanthin on α-amylase, which further proved the potential of fucoxanthin to improve and treat postprandial hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Shipeng Yin,
| | - Evi Amelia Siahaan
- Research Centre for Marine and Land Bioindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Liqiong Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mario Shibata
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tomoaki Hagiwara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan,Tomoaki Hagiwara,
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Wu Y, Lu Y, Huang Y, Lin H, Chen G, Chen Y, Li Z. Glycosylation reduces the allergenicity of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) parvalbumin by regulating digestibility, cellular mediators release and Th1/Th2 immunobalance. Food Chem 2022; 382:132574. [PMID: 35247664 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With turbot being increasingly consumed, turbot parvalbumin (TPV) allergy has become a pressing problem requiring immediate resolution. Glycosylation treatment not only resulted in cross-link formation but also caused changes in the simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid digestion stability of TPV. In addition, KU812 experimentation revealed lower levels of β-hexosaminidase, histamine, tryptase, interleukin 4 (IL-4)/IL-13 in glycated protein-treated mice compared with native PV-treated ones. Glycated TPV exhibited a weaker allergic reaction compared with native TPV. Systemic anaphylaxis resulted in mild anaphylactic responses and reduced temperature, along with significantly increased levels of immunoglobulin E and histamine. Furthermore, glycosylation treatment reduced the release of cellular mediators and cytokines (IL-4/IL-13). Glycation to T-PV decreased allergic responses by downregulating Th2 cytokines, regulated the Th1/Th2 balance and effectively reduce the allergenicity and sensitisation ability of T-PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeting Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Youyou Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuhao Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Guanzhi Chen
- Dermatological Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266071, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China.
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Xu H, Lu X, Wang C, Ning J, Chen M, Wang Y, Yuan K. Potential Roles of PTEN on Longevity in Two Closely Related Argopecten Scallops With Distinct Lifespans. Front Physiol 2022; 13:872562. [PMID: 35903068 PMCID: PMC9317058 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.872562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) has been found to regulate longevity through the PI3K/Akt/FoxO pathway and maintenance of genome integrity in worms, flies, and mammals. However, limited information is available on the roles of PTEN in longevity of aquatic animals. Here we extended this paradigm using two closely related Argopecten scallops, Argopecten purpuratus, and Argopecten irradians, with significantly distinct life spans, which are commercially important bivalve species for fishery and aquaculture in China, United States, Peru, and Chile. The ORFs of the ApPTEN and AiPTEN were 1,476 and 1,473 bp, which encoded 491 and 490 amino acids, respectively. There were 48 synonymous and 16 non-synonymous SNPs and one InDel of three nucleotides between ApPTEN and AiPTEN, resulting in variations in 15 amino acids and lack of S453 in AiPTEN. Differences in conformation and posttranslational modification were predicted between ApPTEN and AiPTEN, which may indicate different activities of ApPTEN and AiPTEN. When the animals were subjected to nutrition restriction, the expression of both ApPTEN and AiPTEN was upregulated, with AiPTEN responded faster and more robust than ApPTEN. Ionizing radiation induced significantly elevated expression of ApPTNE but not AiPTEN in the adductor muscle, and the mortality rate of A. purpuratus was significantly lower than that of A. irradians, indicating that ApPTNE may play a protective role by maintaining the genome integrity. RNAi of ApPTNE significantly downregulated the expression of its downstream regulated genes known to favor longevity, such as FoxO, Mn-SOD, and CAT. These results indicated that PTEN may contribute to the longevity of A. purpuratus through regulation of nutrient availability and genomic stability, probably via PI3K/Akt/FoxO pathway. Our study may provide new evidence for understanding of the conservative functions of PTEN in regulation of lifespan in animals and human, and it may also benefit the selection of scallops strains with long lifespan and thus larger size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Xu
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Xia Lu
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Xia Lu,
| | - Chunde Wang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junhao Ning
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Min Chen
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yuan
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dang K, Jiang S, Gao Y, Qian A. The role of protein glycosylation in muscle diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8037-8049. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Explore the mechanism of pulsed electric field technology on improving the antioxidant activity of Leu-Tyr-Gly-Ala-Leu-Gly-Leu. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Identification and Functional Analysis of a Lysozyme Gene from Coridius chinensis (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae). BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040330. [PMID: 33920041 PMCID: PMC8071013 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary As a medicinal insect, Coridius chinensis contains many active polypeptides. Extracts from C. chinensis are usually complex and it is not clear which polypeptides are effective medicinal ingredients. In addition, we also need to figure out the functions of various immune effectors in the innate immunity of C. chinensis. To explore the function of lysozyme in C. chinensis, a lysozyme gene CcLys2 was screened and identified from the transcriptome data of C. chinensis. The results showed that CcLys2 had a typical domain of the c-type lysozyme, belonging to the H-branch of the c-type lysozyme. The lysozyme Cclys2 is an effective immune effector in the immune response of C. chinensis and can be stimulated by bacterial infection. Like typical c-type lysozyme, Cclys2 has lytic activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The research holds promise for functional annotation of similar proteins from other dinidoridae insects and provides the theoretical feasibility for the development of medicinal components in C. chinensis. Our results also provide data for further investigating the origin and evolution of insect lysozymes. Abstract Coridius chinensis is a valuable medicinal insect resource in China. Previous studies have indicated that the antibacterial and anticancer effects of the C. chinensis extract mainly come from the active polypeptides. Lysozyme is an effective immune effector in insect innate immunity and usually has excellent bactericidal effects. There are two kinds of lysozymes in insects, c-type and i-type, which play an important role in innate immunity and intestinal digestion. Studying lysozyme in C. chinensis will be helpful to further explore the evolutionary relationship and functional differences among lysozymes of various species and to determine whether they have biological activity and medicinal value. In this study, a lysozyme CcLys2 was identified from C. chinensis. CcLys2 contains 223 amino acid residues, and possesses a typical domain of the c-type lysozyme and a putative catalytic site formed by two conserved residues Glu32 and Asp50. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CcLys2 belongs to the H-branch of the c-type lysozyme. The analysis of spatiotemporal expression patterns indicated that CcLys2 was mainly expressed in the fat body of C. chinensis adults and was highly expressed in the second- and fifth-instar nymphs. In addition, CcLys2 was significantly up-regulated after injecting and feeding bacteria. In the bacterial inhibition assay, it was found that CcLys2 had antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria at a low pH. These results indicate that CcLys2 has muramidase activity, involves in the innate immunity of C. chinensis, and is also closely related to the bacterial immune defense or digestive function of the intestine.
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Aspergillus oryzae Rutinosidase: Biochemical and Structural Investigation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02438-20. [PMID: 33218993 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02438-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rutinosidase (Rut)-encoding gene Aorut has been expressed in Pichia pastoris with its native signal sequence from Aspergillus oryzae Biochemical and structural investigation of the purified recombinant mature A. oryzae Rut (AoRut), designated rAoRutM, was performed in this study. A 1.7-Å resolution crystal structure of rAoRutM was determined, which is an essential step forward in the utilization of AoRut as a potential catalyst. The crystal structure of rAoRutM was represented by a (β/α)8 TIM barrel fold with structural similarity to that of rutinosidase from Aspergillus niger (AnRut) and an exo-β-(1,3)-glucanase from Candida albicans The crystal structure revealed that the catalytic site was located in a deep cleft, similarly to AnRut, and that internal cavities and water molecules were also present. Purified rAoRutM hydrolyzed not only 7-O-linked and 3-O-linked flavonoid rutinosides but also 7-O-linked and 3-O-linked flavonoid glucosides. rAoRutM displayed high catalytic activity toward quercetin 3-O-linked substrates such as rutin and isoquercitrin, rather than to the 7-O-linked substrate, quercetin-7-O-glucoside. Unexpectedly, purified rAoRutM exhibited increased thermostability after treatment with endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of purified intact rAoRutM and of the enzyme after N-deglycosylation showed a typical α-helical CD profile; however, the molar ellipticity values of the peaks at 208 nm and 212 nm differed. The Km and k cat values for the substrates modified by rutinose were higher than those for the substrates modified by β-d-glucose.IMPORTANCE Flavonoid glycosides constitute a class of secondary metabolites widely distributed in nature. These compounds are involved in bitter taste or clouding in plant-based foods or beverages, respectively. Flavonoid glycoside degradation can proceed through two alternative enzymatic pathways: one that is mediated by monoglycosidases and another that is catalyzed by a diglycosidase. The present report on the biochemical and structural investigation of A. oryzae rutinosidase provides a potential biocatalyst for industrial applications of flavonoids.
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Sun L, Zhang S, Ju H, Bao Z, Lin S. Tryptophan targeted pulsed electric field treatment for enhanced immune activity in pine nut peptides. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13224. [PMID: 32266992 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To investigate immune activity of pine nut peptides treated by PEF technology and mechanism of targeting immunoactive sitesits, immune regulatory active was evaluated by RAW 264.7 cells model and the structures of pine nut peptides were researched by fluorescence, CD, and 1D/2D NMR spectrum. These consequences showed the ability of macrophages to phagocytosis neutral red and the production of nitric oxide (NO) were improved after PEF treatment. KWFCT treated by PEF treatment with 40 kV/cm obtained the best immunocompetence. The CD spectroscopy showed that PEF could transform the secondary structures of pine nut peptides. The short-range correlation between Cγ H (1.65 ppm) and Cα H (3.35 ppm), and long-range correlation between Cα H (3.37 ppm) and Nα H (8.07 ppm) were enhanced by PEF treatment. PEF treatment of tryptophan in the pine nut peptides enhanced the immunological activity of the pine nut peptides. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Bioactive peptides derived from food proteins have been extensively studied in recent years. However, little research has been done on the immunoactive peptide of pine nut source. PEF treatment is promising for improving certain properties of foods while maintaining the flavor, color, taste, and nutritional value of the food. This research demonstrated that PEF treatment increased the immunological activity of KWFCT and KWFM. The primary structure of KWFCT and KWFM did not change after PEF treatment, but the secondary structure was transformed into each other. A new perspective on the PEF action site is proposed, which is beneficial to the application of PEF technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzi Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Huapeng Ju
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Songyi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
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Shinkawa S, Mitsuzawa S. Feasibility study of on-site solid-state enzyme production by Aspergillus oryzae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:31. [PMID: 32127918 PMCID: PMC7045521 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-1669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of biorefinery systems that use lignocellulosic biomass as a renewable carbon source to produce fuels and chemicals is attracting increasing attention. The process cost of enzymatic saccharification of biomass is a major challenge for commercialization. To decrease this cost, researchers have proposed on-site solid-state fermentation (SSF). This study investigated the feasibility of using Aspergillus oryzae as a host microorganism for SSF recombinant enzyme production with ammonia-treated rice straw as model biomass. Eight A. oryzae strains were tested, all of which are used in the food industry. We evaluated the effects of acetic acid, a fermentation inhibitor. We also developed a platform strain for targeted recombinant enzyme production by gene engineering technologies. RESULTS The SSF validation test showed variation in the visibility of mycelium growth and secreted protein in all eight A. oryzae strains. The strains used to produce shoyu and miso grew better under test conditions. The ammonia-treated rice straw contained noticeable amounts of acetic acid. This acetic acid enhanced the protein production by A. oryzae in a liquid-state fermentation test. The newly developed platform strain successfully secreted three foreign saccharifying enzymes. CONCLUSIONS A. oryzae is a promising candidate as a host microorganism for on-site SSF recombinant enzyme production, which bodes well for the future development of a more cost-efficient saccharifying enzyme production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Shinkawa
- Fundamental Technology Center, Honda R&D Co., Ltd., 1-4-1 Chuo, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0113 Japan
- Present Address: Honda Research Institute Japan Co., Ltd., 8-1 Honcho, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0188 Japan
| | - Shigenobu Mitsuzawa
- Fundamental Technology Center, Honda R&D Co., Ltd., 1-4-1 Chuo, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0113 Japan
- Present Address: Honda Research Institute Japan Co., Ltd., 8-1 Honcho, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0188 Japan
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Ichikawa K, Shiono Y, Shintani T, Watanabe A, Kanzaki H, Gomi K, Koseki T. Efficient production of recombinant tannase in Aspergillus oryzae using an improved glucoamylase gene promoter. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:150-154. [PMID: 31492608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A tannase-encoding gene, AotanB, from Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 was overexpressed in A. oryzae AOK11 niaD-deficient mutant derived from an industrial strain under the control of an improved glucoamylase gene promoter PglaA142. The recombinant tannase, designated as rAoTanBO, was produced efficiently as an active extracellular enzyme. Purified rAoTanBO showed a smeared band with a molecular mass of approximately 80-100 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The rAoTanBO had a molecular mass of 65 kDa, after treatment with endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. Purified rAoTanBO exhibited maximum activity at 30-35°C and pH 6.0. The tannase activity of purified rAoTanBO towards natural and artificial substrates was 2-8 folds higher than that of the recombinant enzyme produced by Pichia pastoris, designated as rAoTanBP. N-terminus of the mature rAoTanBP had six more amino acids than the N-terminus of the mature rAoTanBO. Kinetic analyses showed that rAoTanBO had higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than rAoTanBP. rAoTanBO was stable up to 60°C and higher thermostability than rAoTanBP. N-linked oligosaccharides had no effect on the activity and stability of rAoTanBO and rAoTanBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyotaro Ichikawa
- Department of Food, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiono
- Department of Food, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shintani
- Department of Bioindustrial Informatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Bioindustrial Informatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kanzaki
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Katsuya Gomi
- Department of Bioindustrial Informatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Takuya Koseki
- Department of Food, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan.
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Takenaka S, Lim L, Fukami T, Yokota S, Doi M. Isolation and characterization of an aspartic protease able to hydrolyze and decolorize heme proteins from Aspergillus glaucus. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2042-2047. [PMID: 30187473 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The xerophilic Aspergillus molds, Aspergillus glaucus and Aspergillus repens, have been used in the ripening and fermentation of dried tuna bonito (katsuobushi). These molds, and especially their extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, may also be of wider industrial value. RESULTS Aspergillus glaucus strain MA0196 produces different types of hydrolytic enzymes, including amylase, serine protease, aspartic protease, lipase and cellulase, depending on the composition of the medium. We characterized several of these enzymes, focusing on a glycosylated aspartic protease. The results showed that the lower the d-glucose concentration in the medium, the higher the degree of protease glycosylation, with excess glycosylation tending to decrease protease activity. The molecular mass of the glycosylated protease as determined by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 243 and 253 kDa, respectively. The chemically deglycosylated protease had a molecular mass of only 46 kDa. The amount of myoglobin-decolorizing activity was similar to that of a previously reported aspartic protease from A. repens strain MK82. However, the strain MA0196 protease more broadly hydrolyzed myoglobin and hemoglobins than did the strain MK82 protease. CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrate the potential utility of Aspergillus molds as a functionally new microbial resource for industrial applications such as the bleaching of heme proteins. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Takenaka
- Division of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Lihui Lim
- Division of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Fukami
- Division of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Krolicka M, Hinz SWA, Koetsier MJ, Eggink G, van den Broek LAM, Boeriu CG. β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase MthNAG from Myceliophthora thermophila C1, a thermostable enzyme for production of N-acetylglucosamine from chitin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7441-7454. [PMID: 29943052 PMCID: PMC6097783 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thermostable enzymes are a promising alternative for chemical catalysts currently used for the production of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from chitin. In this study, a novel thermostable β-N-acetylglucosaminidase MthNAG was cloned and purified from the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila C1. MthNAG is a protein with a molecular weight of 71 kDa as determined with MALDI-TOF-MS. MthNAG has the highest activity at 50 °C and pH 4.5. The enzyme shows high thermostability above the optimum temperature: at 55 °C (144 h, 75% activity), 60 °C (48 h, 85% activity; half-life 82 h), and 70 °C (24 h, 33% activity; half-life 18 h). MthNAG releases GlcNAc from chitin oligosaccharides (GlcNAc)2–5, p-nitrophenol derivatives of chitin oligosaccharides (GlcNAc)1–3-pNP, and the polymeric substrates swollen chitin and soluble chitosan. The highest activity was detected towards (GlcNAc)2. MthNAG released GlcNAc from the non-reducing end of the substrate. We found that MthNAG and Chitinase Chi1 from M. thermophila C1 synergistically degraded swollen chitin and released GlcNAc in concentration of approximately 130 times higher than when only MthNAG was used. Therefore, chitinase Chi1 and MthNAG have great potential in the industrial production of GlcNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Krolicka
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Gerrit Eggink
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carmen G Boeriu
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Kar B, Verma P, den Haan R, Sharma AK. Effect of N-linked glycosylation on the activity and stability of a β-glucosidase from Putranjiva roxburghii. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:490-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Ge Y, Gu Y, Wang J, Zhang Z. Membrane topology of rat sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1460-1469. [PMID: 29678469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) is a subtype of the amino acid transport system A that is widely expressed in mammalian tissues. It plays critical roles in glutamic acid-glutamine circulation, liver gluconeogenesis and other biological pathway. However, the topology of the SNAT2 amino acid transporter is unknown. Here we identified the topological structure of SNAT2 using bioinformatics analysis, Methoxy-polyethylene glycol maleimide (mPEG-Mal) chemical modification, protease cleavage assays, immunofluorescence and examination of glycosylation. Our results show that SNAT2 contains 11 transmembrane domains (TMDs) with an intracellular N terminus and an extracellular C terminus. Three N-glycosylation sites were verified at the largest extracellular loop. This model is consistent with the previous model of SNAT2 with the exception of a difference in number of glycosylation sites. This is the first time to confirm the SNAT2 membrane topology using experimental methods. Our study on SNAT2 topology provides valuable structural information of one of the solute carrier family 38 (SLC38) members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Ge
- College of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang City 110016, China
| | - Yanting Gu
- College of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang City 110016, China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang City 110016, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang City 110016, China.
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16
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Meier KK, Jones SM, Kaper T, Hansson H, Koetsier MJ, Karkehabadi S, Solomon EI, Sandgren M, Kelemen B. Oxygen Activation by Cu LPMOs in Recalcitrant Carbohydrate Polysaccharide Conversion to Monomer Sugars. Chem Rev 2018; 118:2593-2635. [PMID: 29155571 PMCID: PMC5982588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural carbohydrate polymers such as starch, cellulose, and chitin provide renewable alternatives to fossil fuels as a source for fuels and materials. As such, there is considerable interest in their conversion for industrial purposes, which is evidenced by the established and emerging markets for products derived from these natural polymers. In many cases, this is achieved via industrial processes that use enzymes to break down carbohydrates to monomer sugars. One of the major challenges facing large-scale industrial applications utilizing natural carbohydrate polymers is rooted in the fact that naturally occurring forms of starch, cellulose, and chitin can have tightly packed organizations of polymer chains with low hydration levels, giving rise to crystalline structures that are highly recalcitrant to enzymatic degradation. The topic of this review is oxidative cleavage of carbohydrate polymers by lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMOs). LPMOs are copper-dependent enzymes (EC 1.14.99.53-56) that, with glycoside hydrolases, participate in the degradation of recalcitrant carbohydrate polymers. Their activity and structural underpinnings provide insights into biological mechanisms of polysaccharide degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn K. Meier
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Stephen M. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Thijs Kaper
- DuPont Industrial Biosciences, 925 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Henrik Hansson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martijn J. Koetsier
- DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Netherlands, Nieuwe Kanaal 7-S, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saeid Karkehabadi
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Edward I. Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bradley Kelemen
- DuPont Industrial Biosciences, 925 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
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17
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Wang D, Ma X, Yan L, Chantapakul T, Wang W, Ding T, Ye X, Liu D. Ultrasound assisted enzymatic hydrolysis of starch catalyzed by glucoamylase: Investigation on starch properties and degradation kinetics. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:47-54. [PMID: 28917890 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigates the synergistic impact of glucoamylase and ultrasound on starch hydrolysis. The extent of starch hydrolysis at different reaction parameters (ultrasonic intensity, temperature, reaction time) was analyzed. The hydrolysis extent increased with the reaction time and reached a maximum value under ultrasonic intensity of 7.20W/mL at 10min. Ultrasound did not alter the optimum enzymatic temperature but speeded up the thermal inactivation of glucoamylase. The evaluation of enzymatic kinetics and starch degradation kinetics indicated a promotion of the reaction rate and enzyme-substrate affinity. According to the thermodynamic results, sonoenzymolysis reactions require less energy than enzymolysis reactions. The measurement of molecular weight, solubility, thermal properties, and structures of the substrates revealed that sonoenzymolysis reaction generated greater impacts on starch properties. The molecular weight and radii of gyration decreased by 80.19% and 90.05% respectively while the starch solubility improved by 136.50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danli Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaobin Ma
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lufeng Yan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Thunthacha Chantapakul
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Tian Ding
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xingqan Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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18
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Rezaul Kar KM, Husaini A, Tasnim T. Production and Characterization of Crude Glucoamylase from Newly Isolated Aspergillus flavus NSH9 in Liquid Culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbmb.2017.118.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Park HY, Yoon TJ, Kim HH, Han YS, Choi HD. Changes in the antigenicity and allergenicity of ovalbumin in chicken egg white by N-acetylglucosaminidase. Food Chem 2017; 217:342-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Ayodeji AO, Bamidele OS, Kolawole AO, Ajele JO. Physicochemical and kinetic properties of a high salt tolerant Aspergillus flavus glucoamylase. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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The impact of N-glycosylation on conformation and stability of immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 96:129-136. [PMID: 27988289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a new therapeutic antibody, and its applications in industry are very broad. To provide insight into the effects of N-glycosylation on IgY, its conformation and stability were studied. In this research, IgY was extracted from egg yolk and then digested by peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) asparagine-amidase. SDS-PAGE and infrared absorption spectrum showed that carbohydrates were distinctly reduced after enzymolysis. The circular dichroism spectrum indicated that the IgY molecule became more flexible and disordered after removal of N-glycan. The fluorescence intensity revealed that Trp residues were buried in a more hydrophobic environment after disposal of N-glycan. Storage stability decreased with the removal of oligosaccharide chains based on size-exclusion chromatography analysis. Deglycosylated IgY exhibited less resistance to guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding. After deglycosylation, IgY was more sensitive to pepsin. Therefore, N-glycosylation played an important role in the maintenance of the structure and stability of IgY.
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22
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Heterologous, Expression, and Characterization of Thermostable Glucoamylase Derived from Aspergillus flavus NSH9 in Pichia pastoris. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5962028. [PMID: 27504454 PMCID: PMC4967687 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5962028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel thermostable glucoamylase cDNA without starch binding domain (SBD) of Aspergillus flavus NSH9 was successfully identified, isolated, and overexpressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. The complete open reading frame of glucoamylase from Aspergillus flavus NSH9 was identified by employing PCR that encodes 493 amino acids lacking in the SBD. The first 17 amino acids were presumed to be a signal peptide. The cDNA was cloned into Pichia pastoris and the highest expression of recombinant glucoamylase (rGA) was observed after 8 days of incubation period with 1% methanol. The molecular weight of the purified rGA was about 78 kDa and exhibited optimum catalytic activity at pH 5.0 and temperature of 70°C. The enzyme was stable at higher temperature with 50% of residual activity observed after 20 min at 90°C and 100°C. Low concentration of metal (Mg++, Fe++, Zn++, Cu++, and Pb++) had positive effect on rGA activity. This rGA has the potential for use and application in the saccharification steps, due to its thermostability, in the starch processing industries.
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23
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Li L, Yu Y, Zhang X, Jiang Z, Zhu Y, Xiao A, Ni H, Chen F. Expression and biochemical characterization of recombinant α-l-rhamnosidase r-Rha1 from Aspergillus niger JMU-TS528. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:391-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Niu C, Luo H, Shi P, Huang H, Wang Y, Yang P, Yao B. N-Glycosylation Improves the Pepsin Resistance of Histidine Acid Phosphatase Phytases by Enhancing Their Stability at Acidic pHs and Reducing Pepsin's Accessibility to Its Cleavage Sites. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:1004-1014. [PMID: 26637601 PMCID: PMC4751849 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02881-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Glycosylation can modulate enzyme structure and function. In this study, we identified two pepsin-resistant histidine acid phosphatase (HAP) phytases from Yersinia kristensenii (YkAPPA) and Yersinia rohdei (YrAPPA), each having an N-glycosylation motif, and one pepsin-sensitive HAP phytase from Yersinia enterocolitica (YeAPPA) that lacked an N-glycosylation site. Site-directed mutagenesis was employed to construct mutants by altering the N-glycosylation status of each enzyme, and the mutant and wild-type enzymes were expressed in Pichia pastoris for biochemical characterization. Compared with those of the N-glycosylation site deletion mutants and N-deglycosylated enzymes, all N-glycosylated counterparts exhibited enhanced pepsin resistance. Introduction of the N-glycosylation site into YeAPPA as YkAPPA and YrAPPA conferred pepsin resistance, shifted the pH optimum (0.5 and 1.5 pH units downward, respectively) and improved stability at acidic pH (83.2 and 98.8% residual activities at pH 2.0 for 1 h). Replacing the pepsin cleavage sites L197 and L396 in the immediate vicinity of the N-glycosylation motifs of YkAPPA and YrAPPA with V promoted their resistance to pepsin digestion when produced in Escherichia coli but had no effect on the pepsin resistance of N-glycosylated enzymes produced in P. pastoris. Thus, N-glycosylation may improve pepsin resistance by enhancing the stability at acidic pH and reducing pepsin's accessibility to peptic cleavage sites. This study provides a strategy, namely, the manipulation of N-glycosylation, for improvement of phytase properties for use in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canfang Niu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Shi
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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25
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Cui Y, Li Z, Wang L, Liu F, Yuan Y, Wang H, Xue L, Pan J, Chen G, Chen H, Yuan L. One-step synthesis of glycoprotein mimics in vitro: improvement of protein activity, stability and application in CPP hydrolysis. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5437-5445. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01251e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycoprotein mimics produced in vitro by one-step conjugation of glycopolymer and pyrophosphatase have improved bioactivity and stability for potential biomedical applications.
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26
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Structural stability of myoglobin and glycomyoglobin: a comparative molecular dynamics simulation study. J Biol Phys 2015; 41:349-66. [PMID: 25701404 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-015-9383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins are formed as the result of enzymatic glycosylation or chemical glycation in the body, and produced in vitro in industrial processes. The covalently attached carbohydrate molecule(s) confer new properties to the protein, including modified stability. In the present study, the structural stability of a glycoprotein form of myoglobin, bearing a glucose unit in the N-terminus, has been compared with its native form by the use of molecular dynamics simulation. Both structures were subjected to temperatures of 300 and 500 K in an aqueous environment for 10 ns. Changes in secondary structures and RMSD were then assessed. An overall higher stability was detected for glycomyoglobin, for which the most stable segments/residues were highlighted and compared with the native form. The simple addition of a covalently bound glucose is suggested to exert its stabilizing effect via increased contacts with surrounding water molecules, as well as a different pattern of interactions with neighbor residues.
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27
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Miyazaki T, Yashiro H, Nishikawa A, Tonozuka T. The side chain of a glycosylated asparagine residue is important for the stability of isopullulanase. J Biochem 2014; 157:225-34. [PMID: 25359784 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvu065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation has been shown to be important for the stability of some glycoproteins. Isopullulanase (IPU), a polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzyme, is a highly N-glycosylated protein, and IPU deglycosylation results in a decrease in thermostability. To investigate the function of N-glycan in IPU, we focused on an N-glycosylated residue located in the vicinity of the active site, Asn448. The thermostabilities of three IPU variants, Y440A, N448A and S450A, were 0.5-8.4°C lower than the wild-type enzyme. The crystal structure of endoglycosidase H (Endo H)-treated N448A variant was determined. There are four IPU molecules, Mol-A, B, C and D, in the asymmetric unit. The conformation of a loop composed of amino acid residues 435-455 in Mol-C was identical to wild-type IPU, whereas the conformations of this loop in Mol-A, Mol-B and Mol-D were different from each other. These results suggest that the Asn448 side chain is primarily important for the stability of IPU. Our results indicate that mutation of only N-glycosylated Asn residue may lead to incorrect conclusion for the evaluation of the function of N-glycan. Usually, the structures of N-glycosylation sites form an extended configuration in IPU; however, the Asn448 site had an atypical structure that lacked this configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatsugu Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yashiro
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takashi Tonozuka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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28
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Mizuno T, Shiono Y, Koseki T. Biochemical characterization of Aspergillus oryzae native tannase and the recombinant enzyme expressed in Pichia pastoris. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:392-5. [PMID: 24856589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the biochemical properties of the recombinant tannase from Aspegillus oryzae were compared with those of the native enzyme. Extracellular native tannase was purified from a commercial enzyme source. Recombinant tannase highly expressed in Pichia pastoris was prepared as an active extracellular protein. Purified native and recombinant tannases produced smeared bands with apparent molecular masses of 45-80 kDa and 45-75 kDa, respectively, by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After N-deglycosylation, the native enzyme yielded molecular masses of 33 kDa and 30 kDa, whereas the recombinant enzyme yielded molecular masses of 34 kDa and 30 kDa. Purified native and recombinant tannases had an optimum pH of 4.0-5.0 and 5.0, respectively, and were stable up to 40°C. After N-deglycosylation, both enzymes exhibited reduced thermostability. Catalytic efficiencies of both purified enzymes were greater with natural substrates, such as (-)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, and (-)-epigallocatechin gallates, than those with synthetic substrates, such as methyl, ethyl, and propyl gallates. However, there were no activities against the methyl esters of ferulic, p-coumaric, caffeic, and sinapic acids, which indicate feruloyl esterase activity, or the ethyl, propyl, and butyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, which indicate paraben hydrolase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Mizuno
- Department of Food and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiono
- Department of Food and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
| | - Takuya Koseki
- Department of Food and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan.
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29
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Zhu J, Liu H, Zhang J, Wang P, Liu S, Liu G, Wu L. Effects of Asn-33 glycosylation on the thermostability of Thermomyces lanuginosus
lipase. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:151-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information; Beijing Institute of Genomics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - H. Liu
- Beijing Protein Innovation; Beijing China
| | - J. Zhang
- Beijing Protein Innovation; Beijing China
| | - P. Wang
- Beijing Protein Innovation; Beijing China
| | - S. Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information; Beijing Institute of Genomics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - G. Liu
- Beijing Protein Innovation; Beijing China
| | - L. Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information; Beijing Institute of Genomics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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30
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Liu Y, Li QS, Zhu HL, Meng ZL, Xiang HY, Xie QH. Purification and characterization of two thermostable glucoamylases produced from Aspergillus niger B-30. Chem Res Chin Univ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-013-3074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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31
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Glucoamylase from a newly isolated Aspergillus niger FME: Detergent-Mediated production, purification, and characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-012-3001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Zou S, Huang S, Kaleem I, Li C. N-Glycosylation enhances functional and structural stability of recombinant β-glucuronidase expressed in Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2013; 164:75-81. [PMID: 23313889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant β-glucuronidase (GUS) expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 is an important glycoprotein, encoded by a gene with four potential N-glycosylation sites. To investigate the impact of N-linked carbohydrate moieties on the stability of recombinant GUS, it was deglycosylated by peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase-F) under native conditions. The enzymatic activities of the glycosylated and deglycosylated GUS were compared under various conditions such as temperature, pH, organic solvents, detergents and chaotropic agent. The results demonstrated that the glycosylated GUS retained greater fraction of maximum enzymatic activity against various types of denaturants compared with the deglycosylated. The conformational stabilities of both GUS were analyzed by monitoring the unfolding equilibrium by using the denaturant guanidinium chloride (dn-HCl). The glycosylated GUS displayed a significant increase in its conformational stability than the deglycosylated counterpart. These results affirmed the key role of N-glycosylation on the structural and functional stability of β-glucuronidase and could have potential applications in the functional enhancement of industrial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zou
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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Phosphate buffer effects on thermal stability and H2O2-resistance of horseradish peroxidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:566-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ghorai S, Chowdhury S, Pal S, Banik SP, Mukherjee S, Khowala S. Enhanced activity and stability of cellobiase (β-glucosidase: EC 3.2.1.21) produced in the presence of 2-deoxy-d-glucose from the fungus Termitomyces clypeatus. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1015-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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The effect of glycosylation on interparticle interactions and dimensions of native and denatured phytase. Biophys J 2010; 96:153-61. [PMID: 18835893 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.108.136408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation affects the physical properties of proteins in a number of ways including solubility and aggregation behavior. To elucidate the mechanism underlying these effects, we have measured second virial coefficients (A2) of the heavily glycosylated pheniophora lycii phytase (Phy) and its enzymatically deglycosylated counterpart (dgPhy) in native and in denatured form by means of small angle x-ray scattering. The measured A2-values show that the native forms of Phy and dgPhy are equally repulsive at the studied pH 8 where A2 equals 10.9 +/- 0.1 x 10(4) mL mol g(-2). However, when thermally denatured, the A2 of dgPhy decreases to 9.0 +/- 0.2 x 10(4) mL mol g(-2) whereas it remained unchanged for Phy. In accord with earlier investigations, the p(r)-function measured here suggested that the glycans did not affect the peptide structure of the native protein. Conversely, glycosylation markedly changed the structure of thermally denatured protein. This was evident from the radius of gyration, which increased by 32% for Phy and only 11% for dgPhy on denaturation. We suggest that this expanding effect of the glycans on the denatured protein conformation relies on steric hindrance that limits the range of torsion angles available to the polypeptide.
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Effect of glycosylation and additional domains on the thermostability of a family 10 xylanase produced by Thermopolyspora flexuosa. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 76:356-60. [PMID: 19854928 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00357-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of different structural features on the thermostability of Thermopolyspora flexuosa xylanase XYN10A were investigated. A C-terminal carbohydrate binding module had only a slight effect, whereas a polyhistidine tag increased the thermostability of XYN10A xylanase. In contrast, glycosylation at Asn26, located in an exposed loop, decreased the thermostability of the xylanase. The presence of a substrate increased stability mainly at low pH.
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Høiberg-Nielsen R, Westh P, Skov LK, Arleth L. Interrelationship of steric stabilization and self-crowding of a glycosylated protein. Biophys J 2009; 97:1445-53. [PMID: 19720033 PMCID: PMC2749739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the eukaryotic cell, protein glycosylation takes place in the crowded environment of the endoplasmatic reticulum. With the purpose of elucidating the impact of high concentration on the interactions of glycoproteins, we have conducted a series of small-angle x-ray scattering experiments on the heavily glycosylated enzyme Peniophora lycii phytase (Phy) and its deglycosylated counterpart (dgPhy). The small-angle x-ray scattering data were analyzed using an individual numerical form factor for each of the two glycoforms combined with two structure factors, a hard sphere and a screened coulomb potential structure factor, respectively, as determined by ab initio analysis. Based on this data analysis, three main conclusions could be drawn. First, at comparable protein concentrations (mg/ml), the relative excluded volume of Phy was approximately 75% higher than that of dgPhy, showing that the glycans significantly increase excluded-volume interactions. Second, the relative excluded volume of dgPhy increased with concentration, as expected; however, the opposite effect was observed for Phy, where the relative excluded volume decreased in response to increasing protein concentration. Third, a clear difference in the effect of salinity on the excluded-volume interactions was observed between the two glycol forms. Although the relative excluded volume of dgPhy decreased with increasing ionic strength, the relative excluded volume of Phy was basically insensitive to increased salinity. We suggest that protrusion forces from the glycans contribute to steric stabilization of the protein, and that glycosylation helps to sustain repulsive electrostatic interactions under crowded conditions. In combination, this aids in stabilizing high concentrations of glycosylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Høiberg-Nielsen
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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38
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de Barros MC, do Nascimento Silva R, Ramada MHS, Galdino AS, de Moraes LMP, Torres FAG, Ulhoa CJ. The influence of N-glycosylation on biochemical properties of Amy1, an α-amylase from the yeast Cryptococcus flavus. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1682-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kumar P, Satyanarayana T. Microbial glucoamylases: characteristics and applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2009; 29:225-55. [DOI: 10.1080/07388550903136076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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da Silva TM, Maller A, de Lima Damásio AR, Michelin M, Ward RJ, Hirata IY, Jorge JA, Terenzi HF, de Polizeli MLTM. Properties of a purified thermostable glucoamylase from Aspergillus niveus. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 36:1439-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Morita H, Okamoto A, Yamagata Y, Kusumoto KI, Koide Y, Ishida H, Takeuchi M. Heterologous expression and characterization of CpI, OcpA, and novel serine-type carboxypeptidase OcpB from Aspergillus oryzae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:335-46. [PMID: 19557408 PMCID: PMC2773364 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the genome of Aspergillus oryzae, 12 genes have been predicted to encode serine-type carboxypeptidases. However, the carboxypeptidase activities of the proteins encoded by these genes have not yet been confirmed experimentally. In this study, we have constructed three of these 12 genes overexpressing strains using Aspergillus nidulans and characterized their overproduced recombinant proteins. Of these three genes, one was previously named cpI; the other two have not been reported yet, and hence, we named them ocpA and ocpB. The recombinant proteins released amino acid residues from the C terminus of peptides, and the activity of the enzymes was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, indicating the enzymes to be serine-type carboxypeptidases. Recombinant OcpA, OcpB, and CpI were stable at 45°C, 55°C, and 55°C, respectively, at a low pH. The enzymatic properties of recombinant OcpB were different from those of any reported serine-type carboxypeptidase. On the other hand, recombinant OcpA had similar enzymatic properties to A. oryzae carboxypeptidases O1 and O2. The DNA and N-terminal amino acid sequences of carboxypeptidases O1 and O2 from A. oryzae IAM2640 were similar to those of OcpA. Result of transcriptional analysis of ocpA, ocpB, and cpI suggest differences in transcriptional regulation between these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Morita
- Department of Agriscience and Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Characterization of a Neutral and Thermostable Glucoamylase from the Thermophilic Mold Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae: Activity, Stability, and Structural Correlation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:879-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
In recent decades, protein-based therapeutics have substantially expanded the field of molecular pharmacology due to their outstanding potential for the treatment of disease. Unfortunately, protein pharmaceuticals display a series of intrinsic physical and chemical instability problems during their production, purification, storage, and delivery that can adversely impact their final therapeutic efficacies. This has prompted an intense search for generalized strategies to engineer the long-term stability of proteins during their pharmaceutical employment. Due to the well known effect that glycans have in increasing the overall stability of glycoproteins, rational manipulation of the glycosylation parameters through glycoengineering could become a promising approach to improve both the in vitro and in vivo stability of protein pharmaceuticals. The intent of this review is therefore to further the field of protein glycoengineering by increasing the general understanding of the mechanisms by which glycosylation improves the molecular stability of protein pharmaceuticals. This is achieved by presenting a survey of the different instabilities displayed by protein pharmaceuticals, by addressing which of these instabilities can be improved by glycosylation, and by discussing the possible mechanisms by which glycans induce these stabilization effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Solá
- Laboratory for Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Facundo Bueso Bldg., Lab-215, PO Box 23346, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346
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Wang D, Zaitsev S, Taylor G, d’Azzo A, Bonten E. Protective protein/cathepsin A rescues N-glycosylation defects in neuraminidase-1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2009; 1790:275-82. [PMID: 19714866 PMCID: PMC2888680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuraminidase-1 (NEU1) catabolizes the hydrolysis of sialic acids from sialo-glycoconjugates. NEU1 depends on its interaction with the protective protein/cathepsin A (PPCA) for lysosomal compartmentalization and catalytic activation. Murine NEU1 contains 4 N-glycosylation sites, 3 of which are conserved in the human enzyme. The expression of NEU1 gives rise to differentially glycosylated proteins. METHODS We generated single-point mutations in mouse NEU1 at each of the 4 N-glycosylation sites. Mutant enzymes were expressed in NEU1-deficient cells in the presence and absence of PPCA. RESULTS All 4 N-glycosylation variants were targeted to the lysosomal/endosomal compartment. All N-glycans, with the exception of the most C-terminal glycan, were important for maintaining stability or catalytic activity. The loss of catalytic activity caused by the deletion of the second N-glycan was rescued by increasing PPCA expression. Similar results were obtained with a human NEU1 N-glycosylation mutant identified in a sialidosis patient. The N-terminal N-glycan of NEU1 is indispensable for its function, whereas the C-terminal N-glycan appears to be non-essential. The omission of the second N-glycan can be compensated for by upregulating the expression of PPCA. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings could be relevant for the design of target therapies for patients carrying specific NEU1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongning Wang
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA
| | - Slava Zaitsev
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9UA, Scotland
| | - Garry Taylor
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9UA, Scotland
| | - Alessandra d’Azzo
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA
| | - Erik Bonten
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA
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Skropeta D. The effect of individual N-glycans on enzyme activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2645-53. [PMID: 19285412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In a series of investigations, N-glycosylation has proven to be a key determinant of enzyme secretion, activity, binding affinity and substrate specificity, enabling a protein to fine-tune its activity. In the majority of cases elimination of all putative N-glycosylation sites of an enzyme results in significantly reduced protein secretion levels, while removal of individual N-glycosylation sites often leads to the expression of active enzymes showing markedly reduced catalytic activity, with the decreased activity often commensurate with the number of glycosylation sites available, and the fully deglycosylated enzymes showing only minimal activity relative to their glycosylated counterparts. On the other hand, several cases have also recently emerged where deglycosylation of an enzyme results in significantly increased catalytic activity, binding affinity and altered substrate specificity, highlighting the very unique and diverse roles that individual N-glycans play in regulating enzyme function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Skropeta
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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46
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Characterization of an α-l-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus kawachii and its gene. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 80:1007-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Cuneo MJ, Tian Y, Allert M, Hellinga HW. The backbone structure of the thermophilic Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis ribose binding protein is essentially identical to its mesophilic E. coli homolog. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2008; 8:20. [PMID: 18373848 PMCID: PMC2315655 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6807-8-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Comparison of experimentally determined mesophilic and thermophilic homologous protein structures is an important tool for understanding the mechanisms that contribute to thermal stability. Of particular interest are pairs of homologous structures that are structurally very similar, but differ significantly in thermal stability. Results We report the X-ray crystal structure of a Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis ribose binding protein (tteRBP) determined to 1.9 Å resolution. We find that tteRBP is significantly more stable (appTm value ~102°C) than the mesophilic Escherichia coli ribose binding protein (ecRBP) (appTm value ~56°C). The tteRBP has essentially the identical backbone conformation (0.41 Å RMSD of 235/271 Cα positions and 0.65 Å RMSD of 270/271 Cα positions) as ecRBP. Classification of the amino acid substitutions as a function of structure therefore allows the identification of amino acids which potentially contribute to the observed thermal stability of tteRBP in the absence of large structural heterogeneities. Conclusion The near identity of backbone structures of this pair of proteins entails that the significant differences in their thermal stabilities are encoded exclusively by the identity of the amino acid side-chains. Furthermore, the degree of sequence divergence is strongly correlated with structure; with a high degree of conservation in the core progressing to increased diversity in the boundary and surface regions. Different factors that may possibly contribute to thermal stability appear to be differentially encoded in each of these regions of the protein. The tteRBP/ecRBP pair therefore offers an opportunity to dissect contributions to thermal stability by side-chains alone in the absence of large structural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Cuneo
- The Institute for Biological Structure and Design and the Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA.
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48
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Thermal denaturation of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase and protection of secondary and tertiary structural changes by sugars: CD and fluorescence studies. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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Rauw F, Lambrecht B, François A, Langlois P, van den Berg T. Kinetic And Biologic Properties of Recombinant ChIFN-γExpressed via CELO-Virus Vector. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2007; 27:111-8. [PMID: 17316138 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2006.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a replicative fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (CELO) recombinant expressing chicken interferon-gamma (ChIFN-gamma) was constructed. In the engineered recombinant, the ChIFN-gamma gene was placed under the control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. The ChIFN-gamma expression cassette was inserted in the right end of the CELO genome (D fragment), which was able to carry the largest insertion of foreign DNA without affecting the replication functions of the vector. The recombinant ChIFN-gamma (rChIFN-gamma) produced in the CELO-virus expression system was characterized by comparing its biologic activities with that of rChIFN-gamma produced via the baculovirus expression system (Bac-ChIFN-gamma). CELO-ChIFN-gamma inhibited the replication of cytolytic virus in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) and activated macrophages in a better manner than did Bac-ChIFN-gamma . Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo stability of the CELO-derived rChIFN-gamma was considerably higher than that of the Bac-ChIFN-gamma. The CELO-ChIFN-gamma recombinant vector was able to replicate in vitro in the loghorn male hepatoma (LMH) hepatocyte cell line and to produce detectable levels of recombinant cytokine in supernatant as early as 90 min post-infection. Therefore, the CELO-virus expression system is an appropriate system for high-level expression of biologically active and stable ChIFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Rauw
- Avian Virology and Immunology Unit, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (VAR), 1180 Ukkel, Brussels, Belgium.
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50
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Fatima A, Husain Q. A role of glycosyl moieties in the stabilization of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) peroxidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 41:56-63. [PMID: 17320168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The possible role of carbohydrate moieties in the stabilization of proteins has been investigated by using bitter gourd peroxidase as a model system. A comparative study of glycosylated and non-glycosylated isoenzymes of bitter gourd peroxidase was performed at various temperatures, pH, water-miscible organic solvents, detergents and chaotropic agent like urea. The pH-optima and temperature-optima of both glycosylated and non-glycosylated isoforms of bitter gourd peroxidase remained unchanged. The probes employed were changes in the enzyme activity and fluorescence. The glycosylated form of peroxidase retained greater fraction of enzyme activity against the exposure caused by various physical and chemical denaturants. The unfolding of both forms of enzyme in the presence of high urea concentrations, studied by fluorescence, indicated greater perturbations in the conformation of non-glycosylated preparation. The different properties examined thus indicated that glycosylation plays an important role in the stabilization of native conformation of proteins against the inactivation caused by various types of denaturants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India
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