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Wang T, Liao X, Zhao X, Chen K, Chen Y, Wen H, Yin D, Wang Y, Lin B, Zhang S, Cui H. Rational design of 2-benzylsulfinyl-benzoxazoles as potent and selective indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitors to combat inflammation. Bioorg Chem 2024; 152:107740. [PMID: 39217780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Mimicking the transition state of tryptophan (Trp) and O2 in the enzymatic reaction is an effective approach to design indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors. In this study, we firstly assembled a small library of 2-substituted benzo-fused five membered heterocycles and found 2-sulfinyl-benzoxazoles with interesting IDO1 inhibitory activities. Next the inhibitory activity toward IDO1 was gradually improved. Several benzoxazoles showed potent IDO1 inhibitory activity with IC50 of 82-91 nM, and exhibited selectivity between IDO1 and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2). Enzyme binding studies showed that benzoxazoles are reversible type II IDO1 inhibitors, and modeling studies suggested that the oxygen atom of the sulfoxide in benzoxazoles interacts with the iron atom of the heme group, which mimics the transition state of Fe-O-O-Trp complex. Especially, 10b can effectively inhibit the NO production in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and it also shows good anti-inflammation effect on mice acute inflammation model of croton oil induced ear edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiufeng Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yangzhonghui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dali Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Huaqing Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
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Yang J, Yuan M, Zhang W. The major biogenic amine metabolites in mood disorders. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1460631. [PMID: 39381610 PMCID: PMC11458445 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1460631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders, including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, have a profound impact on more than 300 million people worldwide. It has been demonstrated mood disorders were closely associated with deviations in biogenic amine metabolites, which are involved in numerous critical physiological processes. The peripheral and central alteration of biogenic amine metabolites in patients may be one of the potential pathogeneses of mood disorders. This review provides a concise overview of the latest research on biogenic amine metabolites in mood disorders, such as histamine, kynurenine, and creatine. Further studies need larger sample sizes and multi-center collaboration. Investigating the changes of biogenic amine metabolites in mood disorders can provide biological foundation for diagnosis, offer guidance for more potent treatments, and aid in elucidating the biological mechanisms underlying mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minlan Yuan
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Mirgaux M, Leherte L, Wouters J. Human indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 2 cofactor lability and low substrate affinity explained by homology modeling, molecular dynamics and molecular docking. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4475-4488. [PMID: 37301605 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2220830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The human indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 2 (hIDO2) protein is growing of interest as it is increasingly implicated in multiple diseases (cancer, autoimmune diseases, COVID-19). However, it is only poorly reported in the literature. Its mode of action remains unknown because it does not seem to catalyze the reaction for which it is attributed: the degradation of the L-Tryptophan into N-formyl-kynurenine. This contrasts with its paralog, the human indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (hIDO1), which has been extensively studied in the literature and for which several inhibitors are already in clinical trials. Yet, the recent failure of one of the most advanced hIDO1 inhibitors, the Epacadostat, could be caused by a still unknown interaction between hIDO1 and hIDO2. In order to better understand the mechanism of hIDO2, and in the absence of experimental structural data, a computational study mixing homology modeling, Molecular Dynamics, and molecular docking was conducted. The present article highlights an exacerbated lability of the cofactor as well as an inadequate positioning of the substrate in the active site of hIDO2, which might bring part of an answer to its lack of activity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Mirgaux
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique Structurale (CBS), Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), Namur Research Institute for Life Science (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Laurence Leherte
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique Structurale (CBS), Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), Namur Research Institute for Life Science (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique Structurale (CBS), Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), Namur Research Institute for Life Science (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
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4
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Yu Z, Lin Y, Wu L, Wang L, Fan Y, Xu L, Zhang L, Wu W, Tao J, Huan F, Liu W, Wang J, Gao R. Bisphenol F exposure induces depression-like changes: Roles of the kynurenine metabolic pathway along the "liver-brain" axis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123356. [PMID: 38266696 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF), one of the major alternatives of Bisphenol A (BPA), is becoming extensively used in industrial production with great harm to human beings and environment. Recent studies have revealed that environmental exposure is crucial to the initiation and development of depression. Thereby, the aim the present study is to ascertain the correlationship between the BPF exposure and depression occurrence. In the current study, BPF strikingly triggered depression-like changes in mice through the sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST), accompanied by the perturbation of the kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway along the "liver-brain" axis. Mechanistically, the neurotransmitters from the tryptophan metabolic pathway were converted to the toxic KYN pathway after BPF treatment. With the ELISA assay, it revealed that the toxic KYN metabolites, including KYN and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), were strikingly increased in the mouse brains which was ascribed to the enhanced expression of the rate-limiting enzymes Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) respectively. Interestingly, the increased brain KYN induced by BPF was also validated partially from the periphery, since the ELISA and western blotting results indicated the significantly increased KYN in the serum and L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in the brain, the key transporter responsible for KYN and 3-HK crossing the blood-brain barrier. Intriguingly, the liver-derived KYN metabolic pathway was the important source of the peripheral KYN and 3-HK, as BPF substantially enhanced hepatic IDO1, Tryptophan, 2, 3-dioxygenase (TDO2), and KMO levels indicated by western blotting. This study is the first to delineate previously unrecognized BPF-induced depression by regulating the KYN metabolic pathway along the "liver-brain" axis; therefore, targeting LAT1 or hepatic KYN signaling may provide a potentially unique therapeutic intervention in BPF-induced depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China; The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yichun Fan
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Liuting Xu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Linwei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Weilan Wu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jingxian Tao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fei Huan
- Department of Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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5
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Zhang J, Yu J, Liu M, Xie Z, Lei X, Yang X, Huang S, Deng X, Wang Z, Tang G. Small-molecule modulators of tumor immune microenvironment. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107251. [PMID: 38442612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, tumor immunotherapy, aimed at increasing the activity of immune cells and reducing immunosuppressive effects, has attracted wide attention. Among them, immune checkpoint blocking (ICB) is the most commonly explored therapeutic approach. All approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are clinically effective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Compared with biological agents, small-molecule drugs have many unique advantages in tumor immunotherapy. Therefore, they also play an important role. Immunosuppressive signals such as PD-L1, IDO1, and TGF-β, etc. overexpressed in tumor cells form the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. In addition, the efficacy of multi-pathway combined immunotherapy has also been reported and verified. Here, we mainly reviewed the mechanism of tumor immunotherapy, analyzed the research status of small-molecule modulators, and discussed drug candidates' structure-activity relationship (SAR). It provides more opportunities for further research to design more immune small-molecule modulators with novel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Meijing Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Xiangping Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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6
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Yang P, Zhang J. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Activity: A Perspective Biomarker for Laboratory Determination in Tumor Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1988. [PMID: 37509627 PMCID: PMC10377333 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a heme enzyme involved in catalyzing the conversion of tryptophan (Trp) into kynurenine (Kyn) at the first rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of L-tryptophan metabolism. It has been found to be involved in several biological functions such as aging, immune microorganism, neurodegenerative and infectious diseases, and cancer. IDO1 plays an important role in immune tolerance by depleting tryptophan in the tumor microenvironment and inhibiting the proliferation of effector T cells, which makes it an important emerging biomarker for cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, the research and development of IDO1 inhibitors are of great importance for tumor therapy. Of interest, IDO activity assays are of great value in the screening and evaluation of inhibitors. Herein, we mainly review the biological functions of IDO1, immune regulation, key signaling molecules in the response pathway, and the development of IDO1 inhibitors in clinical trials. Furthermore, this review provides a comprehensive overview and, in particular, a discussion of currently available IDO activity assays for use in the evaluation of IDO inhibitors in human blood. We believe that the IDO activity is a promising biomarker for the immune escape and laboratory evaluation of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, China
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7
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Markwalder JA, Balog AJ, Williams DK, Nara SJ, Reddy R, Roy S, Kanyaboina Y, Li X, Johnston K, Fan Y, Lewis H, Marsilio F, Yan C, Critton D, Newitt JA, Traeger SC, Wu DR, Jure-Kunkel MN, Jayaraman L, Lin TA, Sinz MW, Hunt JT, Seitz SP. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Biaryl Alkyl Ethers as Inhibitors of IDO1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 88:129280. [PMID: 37054759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Starting from the dialkylaniline indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor lead 3 (IDO1 HeLa IC50 = 7.0 nM), an iterative process of synthesis and screening led to cyclized analog 21 (IDO1 HeLa IC50 = 3.6 nM) which maintained the high potency of 3 while addressing issues of lipophilicity, cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition, hERG (human potassium ion channel Kv11.1) inhibition, Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) transactivation, and oxidative metabolic stability. An x-ray crystal structure of a biaryl alkyl ether 11 bound to IDO1 was obtained. Consistent with our earlier results, compound 11 was shown to bind to the apo form of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Markwalder
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States.
| | - Aaron J Balog
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - David K Williams
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States.
| | - Susheel J Nara
- Discovery Chemistry, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Ratnakar Reddy
- Discovery Chemistry, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Saumya Roy
- Former Bristol Myers Squibb Employee, USA
| | - Yadagiri Kanyaboina
- Discovery Chemistry, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Xin Li
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | | | - Yi Fan
- Former Bristol Myers Squibb Employee, USA
| | - Hal Lewis
- Former Bristol Myers Squibb Employee, USA
| | - Frank Marsilio
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Chunhong Yan
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - David Critton
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - John A Newitt
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Sarah C Traeger
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Dauh-Rurng Wu
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | | | | | - Tai-An Lin
- Former Bristol Myers Squibb Employee, USA
| | - Michael W Sinz
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
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8
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He G, Wan S, Wu Y, Chu Z, Shen H, Zhang S, Chen L, Bao Z, Gu S, Huang J, Huang L, Gong G, Zou Y, Zhu Q, Xu Y. Discovery of the First Selective IDO2 Inhibitor As Novel Immunotherapeutic Avenues for Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14348-14365. [PMID: 35952367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), a closely related homologue of well-studied immunomodulatory enzyme IDO1, has been identified as a pathogenic mediator of inflammatory autoimmunity in preclinical models. Therapeutic targeting IDO2 in autoimmune diseases has been challenging due to the lack of small-molecule IDO2 inhibitors. Here, based on our previously developed IDO1/IDO2 dual inhibitor, guided by the homology model of the IDO2 structure, we discovered compound 22, the most potent inhibitor targeting IDO2 with good in vitro inhibitory activity (IDO2 IC50 = 112 nM). Notably, treatment with 22 alleviated disease severity and reduced inflammatory cytokines in both the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model and adjuvant arthritis (AA) rat model. Our study offered for the first time a selective small-molecule IDO2 inhibitor 22 with IC50 at the nanomolar level, which may be used not only as a candidate compound for the treatment of autoimmune diseases but also as a tool compound for further IDO2-related mechanistic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Sheng Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yunze Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhaoxing Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Linya Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zijing Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuhui Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Junzhang Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Guoqing Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qihua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yungen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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9
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Unbalanced IDO1/IDO2 Endothelial Expression and Skewed Keynurenine Pathway in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Pneumonia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061332. [PMID: 35740354 PMCID: PMC9220124 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intense investigation, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the newly defined long COVID-19 syndrome are not fully understood. Increasing evidence has been provided of metabolic alterations characterizing this group of disorders, with particular relevance of an activated tryptophan/kynurenine pathway as described in this review. Recent histological studies have documented that, in COVID-19 patients, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzymes are differentially expressed in the pulmonary blood vessels, i.e., IDO1 prevails in early/mild pneumonia and in lung tissues from patients suffering from long COVID-19, whereas IDO2 is predominant in severe/fatal cases. We hypothesize that IDO1 is necessary for a correct control of the vascular tone of pulmonary vessels, and its deficiency in COVID-19 might be related to the syndrome’s evolution toward vascular dysfunction. The complexity of this scenario is discussed in light of possible therapeutic manipulations of the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndromes.
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10
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Yan D, Xu J, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhao G, Lin Y, Tan X. Spiro-Oxindole Skeleton Compounds Are Efficient Inhibitors for Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1: An Attractive Target for Tumor Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4668. [PMID: 35563059 PMCID: PMC9104902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an attractive heme enzyme for its significant function in cancer immunotherapy. Potent IDO1 inhibitors have been discovered for decades, whereas no clinical drugs are used for cancer treatment up to now. With the goal of developing medically valuable IDO inhibitors, we performed a systematic study of SAR405838 analogs with a spiro-oxindole skeleton in this study. Based on the expression and purification of human IDO1, the inhibitory activity of spiro-oxindole skeleton compounds to IDO1 was evaluated by IC50 and Ki values. The results demonstrated that inhibitor 3 exhibited the highest IDO1 inhibitory activity with IC50 at 7.9 μM among all inhibitors, which is ~six-fold of the positive control (4-PI). Moreover, inhibitor 3 was found to have the most effective inhibition of IDO1 in MCF-7 cancer cells without toxic effects. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the hydrophobic interaction stabilized the binding of inhibitor 3 to the IDO1 active site and made an explanation for the uncompetitive mode of inhibitors. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights into the screen of more potent IDO1 inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojing Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China; (D.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Jiakun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China; (D.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yingwu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiangshi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China; (D.Y.); (X.W.)
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11
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Kim JH, Lee WS, Lee HJ, Yang H, Lee SJ, Kong SJ, Je S, Yang HJ, Jung J, Cheon J, Kang B, Chon HJ, Kim C. Deep learning model enables the discovery of a novel immunotherapeutic agent regulating the kynurenine pathway. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:2005280. [PMID: 34858729 PMCID: PMC8632076 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2005280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Kynurenine (Kyn) is a key inducer of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Although indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-selective inhibitors have been developed to suppress the Kyn pathway, the results were not satisfactory due to the presence of various opposing mechanisms. Here, we employed an orally administered novel Kyn pathway regulator to overcome the limitation of anti-tumor immune response. We identified a novel core structure that inhibited both IDO and TDO. An orally available lead compound, STB-C017 (designated hereafter as STB), effectively inhibited the enzymatic and cellular activity of IDO and TDO in vitro. Moreover, it potently suppressed Kyn levels in both the plasma and tumor in vivo. STB monotherapy increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into TME. In addition, STB reprogrammed the TME with widespread changes in immune-mediated gene signatures. Notably, STB-based combination immunotherapy elicited the most potent anti-tumor efficacy through concurrent treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, leading to complete tumor regression and long-term overall survival. Our study demonstrated that a novel Kyn pathway regulator derived using deep learning technology can activate T cell immunity and potentiate immune checkpoint blockade by overcoming an immunosuppressive TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hun Kim
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.,Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine,CHA Bundang Medical Center, Cha University, Seongnam, Korea.,Graduate School of Department of Biomedical Science, Cha University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.,Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine,CHA Bundang Medical Center, Cha University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.,Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine,CHA Bundang Medical Center, Cha University, Seongnam, Korea.,Graduate School of Department of Biomedical Science, Cha University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hannah Yang
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.,Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine,CHA Bundang Medical Center, Cha University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.,Graduate School of Department of Biomedical Science, Cha University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - So Jung Kong
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.,Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine,CHA Bundang Medical Center, Cha University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Soyeon Je
- Medical Science Study Centre, Syntekabio Inc, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Yang
- Medical Science Study Centre, Syntekabio Inc, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongsun Jung
- Insilico Clinical Trial Research Center, Syntekabio Inc, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaekyung Cheon
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.,Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine,CHA Bundang Medical Center, Cha University, Seongnam, Korea.,Graduate School of Department of Biomedical Science, Cha University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Beodeul Kang
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.,Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine,CHA Bundang Medical Center, Cha University, Seongnam, Korea.,Graduate School of Department of Biomedical Science, Cha University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hong Jae Chon
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.,Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine,CHA Bundang Medical Center, Cha University, Seongnam, Korea.,Graduate School of Department of Biomedical Science, Cha University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chan Kim
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.,Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine,CHA Bundang Medical Center, Cha University, Seongnam, Korea.,Graduate School of Department of Biomedical Science, Cha University, Seongnam, Korea
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12
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Fallarini S, Bhela IP, Aprile S, Torre E, Ranza A, Orecchini E, Panfili E, Pallotta MT, Massarotti A, Serafini M, Pirali T. The [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine as a New Player in the Field of IDO1 Catalytic Holo-Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3439-3450. [PMID: 34355531 PMCID: PMC9291769 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) are considered a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy as they are able to boost the immune response and to work in synergy with other immunotherapeutic agents. Despite the fact that no IDO1 inhibitor has been approved so far, recent studies have shed light on the additional roles that IDO1 mediates beyond its catalytic activity, conferring new life to the field. Here we present a novel class of compounds originated from a structure-based virtual screening made on IDO1 active site. The starting hit compound is a novel chemotype based on a [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine scaffold, so far underexploited among the heme binding moieties. Thanks to the rational and in silico-guided design of analogues, an improvement of the potency to sub-micromolar levels has been achieved, with excellent in vitro metabolic stability and exquisite selectivity with respect to other heme-containing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fallarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 228100NovaraItaly
| | - Irene P. Bhela
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 228100NovaraItaly
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 228100NovaraItaly
| | - Enza Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 228100NovaraItaly
| | - Alice Ranza
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 228100NovaraItaly
| | - Elena Orecchini
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugia06132Italy
| | - Eleonora Panfili
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugia06132Italy
| | - Maria T. Pallotta
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugia06132Italy
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 228100NovaraItaly
| | - Marta Serafini
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 228100NovaraItaly
- Current address: Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 228100NovaraItaly
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13
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Ning XL, Li YZ, Huo C, Deng J, Gao C, Zhu KR, Wang M, Wu YX, Yu JL, Ren YL, Luo ZY, Li G, Chen Y, Wang SY, Peng C, Yang LL, Wang ZY, Wu Y, Qian S, Li GB. X-ray Structure-Guided Discovery of a Potent, Orally Bioavailable, Dual Human Indoleamine/Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase (hIDO/hTDO) Inhibitor That Shows Activity in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8303-8332. [PMID: 34110158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (hIDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (hTDO) have been closely linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD); nevertheless, development of dual hIDO1 and hTDO inhibitors to evaluate their potential efficacy against PD is still lacking. Here, we report biochemical, biophysical, and computational analyses revealing that 1H-indazole-4-amines inhibit both hIDO1 and hTDO by a mechanism involving direct coordination with the heme ferrous and ferric states. Crystal structure-guided optimization led to 23, which manifested IC50 values of 0.64 and 0.04 μM to hIDO1 and hTDO, respectively, and had good pharmacokinetic properties and brain penetration in mice. 23 showed efficacy against the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse motor coordination deficits, comparable to Madopar, an anti-PD medicine. Further studies revealed that different from Madopar, 23 likely has specific anti-PD mechanisms involving lowering IDO1 expression, alleviating dopaminergic neurodegeneration, reducing inflammatory cytokines and quinolinic acid in mouse brain, and increasing kynurenic acid in mouse blood.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- Animals
- Brain/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis
- Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Indazoles/chemical synthesis
- Indazoles/metabolism
- Indazoles/therapeutic use
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Molecular Structure
- Neuroprotective Agents/chemical synthesis
- Neuroprotective Agents/metabolism
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/drug therapy
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/pathology
- Protein Binding
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tryptophan Oxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tryptophan Oxygenase/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Li Ning
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cui Huo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Ji Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Kai-Rong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Jun-Lin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ya-Li Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zong-Yuan Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Gen Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Si-Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Zhou-Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shan Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Guo-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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14
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On-line screening of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitors by partial filling capillary electrophoresis combined with rapid polarity switching. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462305. [PMID: 34147833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been shown to play an important role in the immune escape process of tumors, and therefore is considered as a promising target for tumor immunotherapy. In this study, off-line and on-line capillary electrophoresis methods were developed for IDO1 inhibitors screening from natural product extracts. The optimized separation conditions of CE were achieved with 32 mM sodium tetraborate (pH 9.22) as background electrolyte, using a separation voltage of 21 kV. The off-line CE method was verified by the determination of enzymatic kinetic parameters and inhibitory mechanisms of two known inhibitors. A partial filling on-line CE method combined with rapid polarity switching was used for rapid screening of IDO1 inhibitors. The whole reaction and separation process was completed within 5 min. The on-line CE screening results showed that six of 18 natural products had inhibitory effect on IDO1, namely Carthamus tinctorius, Schisandra chinensis, Raisin, Coffee, Hawthorn and Radix angelicae sinensis. The results of on-line CE experiments were consistent with the off-line results, which proved the practicability and effectiveness of the method for inhibitors screening.
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15
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The kynurenine pathway in major depression: What we know and where to next. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:917-927. [PMID: 34029552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is a serious psychiatric disorder, occurring in up to 20 % of the population. Despite its devastating burden, the neurobiological changes associated with depression are not fully understood. A growing body of evidence suggests the kynurenine pathway is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. In this review, we bring together the literature examining elements of the kynurenine pathway in depression and explore the implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of depression, while highlighting the gaps in the current knowledge. Current research indicates an increased potential for neurotoxic activity of the kynurenine pathway in peripheral blood samples but an increased activation of the putative neuroprotective arm in some brain regions in depression. The disconnect between these findings requires further investigation, with a greater research effort on elucidating the central effects of the kynurenine pathway in driving depression symptomology. Research investigating the benefits of targeting the kynurenine pathway centred on human brain findings and the heterogenous subtypes of depression will help guide the identification of effective drug targets in depression.
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16
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Röhrig UF, Majjigapu SR, Reynaud A, Pojer F, Dilek N, Reichenbach P, Ascencao K, Irving M, Coukos G, Vogel P, Michielin O, Zoete V. Azole-Based Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2205-2227. [PMID: 33557523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The heme enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays an essential role in immunity, neuronal function, and aging through catalysis of the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. Many IDO1 inhibitors with different chemotypes have been developed, mainly targeted for use in anti-cancer immunotherapy. Lead optimization of direct heme iron-binding inhibitors has proven difficult due to the remarkable selectivity and sensitivity of the heme-ligand interactions. Here, we present experimental data for a set of closely related small azole compounds with more than 4 orders of magnitude differences in their inhibitory activities, ranging from millimolar to nanomolar levels. We investigate and rationalize their activities based on structural data, molecular dynamics simulations, and density functional theory calculations. Our results not only expand the presently known four confirmed chemotypes of sub-micromolar heme binding IDO1 inhibitors by two additional scaffolds but also provide a model to predict the activities of novel scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute F Röhrig
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Somi Reddy Majjigapu
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Reynaud
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nahzli Dilek
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Reichenbach
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Ascencao
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Ludwig Cancer Research-Lausanne Branch, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Vogel
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Ludwig Cancer Research-Lausanne Branch, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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17
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Inuki S, Ohno H, Yamaguchi A, Ohta K, Oishi S, Asai A. Identification of a Novel Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitor Bearing an Eight-Membered Ring Fused Indole Scaffold and Its Structure-Activity Relationship. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-s(k)17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Singh R, Salunke DB. Diverse chemical space of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (Ido1) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113071. [PMID: 33341650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyses the first and rate limiting step of kynurenine pathway accounting for the major contributor of L-Tryptophan degradation. The Kynurenine metabolites are identified as essential cofactors, antagonists, neurotoxins, immunomodulators, antioxidants as well as carcinogens. The catalytic active site of IDO1 enzyme consists of hydrophobic Pocket-A positioned in the distal heme site and remains connected to a second hydrophobic Pocket-B towards the entrance of the active site. IDO1 enzyme also relates directly to the modulation of the innate and adaptive immune system. Various studies proved that the over expression of IDO1 enzyme play a predominant role in the escape of immunity during cancer progression. Recently, there has been considerable interest in evaluating the potential of IDO1 inhibitors to mobilize the body's immune system against solid tumours. In the last two decades, enormous attempts to advance new IDO1 inhibitors are on-going both in pharmaceutical industries and in academia which resulted in the discovery of a diverse range of selective and potent IDO1 inhibitors. The IDO1 inhibitors have therapeutic utility in various diseases and in the near future, it may have utility in the treatment of COVID-19. Despite various reviews on IDO1 inhibitors in last five years, none of the reviews provide a complete overview of diverse chemical space including naturally occurring and synthetic IDO1 inhibitors with detailed structure activity relationship studies. The present work provides a complete overview on the IDO1 inhibitors known in the literature so far along with the Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) in each class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India; National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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19
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Pirzadeh M, Khalili N, Rezaei N. The interplay between aryl hydrocarbon receptor, H. pylori, tryptophan, and arginine in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 41:299-312. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1851371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Pirzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nastaran Khalili
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sheffield, UK
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20
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Feng X, Liao D, Liu D, Ping A, Li Z, Bian J. Development of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy and Beyond: A Recent Perspective. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15115-15139. [PMID: 33215494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has received increasing attention due to its immunosuppressive function in connection with various diseases, including cancer. A recent increase in the understanding of IDO1 has significantly contributed to the discovery of numerous novel inhibitors, but the latest clinical outcomes raised questions and have indicated a future direction of IDO1 inhibition for therapeutic approaches. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of IDO1, discussing the latest advances in understanding the IDO1 structure and mechanism, an overview of recent IDO1 inhibitor discoveries and potential therapeutic applications to provide helpful information for medicinal chemists investigating IDO1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - An Ping
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlei Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
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21
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Dolšak A, Gobec S, Sova M. Indoleamine and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases as important future therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107746. [PMID: 33212094 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine is the first and rate-limiting step of the tryptophan metabolic pathway (i.e., the kynurenine pathway). This conversion is catalyzed by three enzyme isoforms: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). As this pathway generates numerous metabolites that are involved in various pathological conditions, IDOs and TDO represent important targets for therapeutic intervention. This pathway has especially drawn attention due to its importance in tumor resistance. Over the last decade, a large number of IDO and TDO inhibitors have been developed, many of which have entered clinical trials. Here, detailed structural comparisons of these three enzymes (with emphasis on their active sites), their involvement in cellular signaling, and their role(s) in pathological conditions are discussed. Furthermore, the most important recent inhibitors described in papers and patents and involved in clinical trials are reviewed, with a focus on both selective and multiple inhibitors. A short overview of the biochemical and cellular assays used for inhibitory potency evaluation is also presented. This review summarizes recent advances on IDO and TDO as potential drug targets, and provides the key features and perspectives for further research and development of potent inhibitors of the kynurenine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dolšak
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Sova
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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22
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Cerezo M, Rocchi S. Cancer cell metabolic reprogramming: a keystone for the response to immunotherapy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:964. [PMID: 33177494 PMCID: PMC7658964 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
By targeting the tumor microenvironment to stimulate antitumor immunity, immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, many patients do not respond initially or develop secondary resistance. Based on the limited resources in the tumor microenvironment and competition between tumor and immune cells, the field of immune metabolism has produced extensive knowledge showing that targeting metabolism could help to modulate antitumor immunity. However, among all the different potentially targetable metabolic pathways, it remains unclear which have more potential to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we explore metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, which might inhibit antitumor immunity, and strategies that can be used to favor the antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Cerezo
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- INSERM U1065, Team 12, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- INSERM U1065, Team 12, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
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23
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Zhang S, Guo L, Yang D, Xing Z, Li W, Kuang C, Yang Q. Evaluation and comparison of the commonly used bioassays of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104348. [PMID: 33142415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) are potential drugs for the treatment of tumor and neurological diseases. A variety of bioassays have been developed to evaluate IDO1/TDO (IDO1 and/or TDO) inhibitors, with uncertainty regarding how the differences in the assay methods or protocols may influence the assay outcomes. The enzymatic assays of IDO1/TDO are usually performed with NFK assay and Kyn adduct assay while the cellular assays of IDO1 are carried out with Hela assay and HEK293 assay. The present study focused on the comparison of the most common bioassays of IDO1/TDO. In addition, the effects of major factors of bioassays such as reaction time and culture medium on the assay outcomes were evaluated. The study will provide reference for the researchers to select IDO1/TDO inhibitors with bioassays, and promote the development of IDO1/TDO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Leilei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Zikang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Weirui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Chunxiang Kuang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092 Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
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24
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Botticelli A, Mezi S, Pomati G, Cerbelli B, Cerbelli E, Roberto M, Giusti R, Cortellini A, Lionetto L, Scagnoli S, Zizzari IG, Nuti M, Simmaco M, Marchetti P. Tryptophan Catabolism as Immune Mechanism of Primary Resistance to Anti-PD-1. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1243. [PMID: 32733441 PMCID: PMC7358280 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical trials showed that only a subset of patients benefits from immunotherapy, suggesting the need to identify new predictive biomarker of resistance. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been proposed as a mechanism of resistance to anti-PD-1 treatment, and serum kynurenine/tryptophan (kyn/trp) ratio represents a possible marker of IDO activity. Methods: Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with nivolumab as second-line treatment were included in this prospective study. Baseline serum kyn and trp levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography to define the kyn/trp ratio. The χ2-test and t-test were applied to compare frequencies and mean values of kyn/trp ratio between subgroups with distinct clinical/pathological features, respectively. Median baseline kyn/trp ratio was defined and used as cutoff in order to stratify the patients. The association between kyn/trp ratio, clinical/pathological characteristics, response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) was analyzed. Results: Fifty-five patients were included. Mean baseline serum kyn/trp ratio was significantly lower in female than in male patients (0.048 vs. 0.059, respectively, p = 0.044) and in patients with lung metastasis than in others (0.053 vs. 0.080, respectively, p = 0.017). Mean baseline serum kyn/trp ratio was significantly higher in early progressor patients with both squamous and non-squamous NSCLC (p = 0.003) and with a squamous histology cancer (19 squamous NSCLC and 14 HNSCC, p = 0.029). The median value of kyn/trp ratio was 0.06 in the overall population. With the use of median value as cutoff, patients with kyn/trp ratio > 0.06 had a higher risk to develop an early progression (within 3 months) to nivolumab with a trend toward significance (p = 0.064 at multivariate analysis). Patients presenting a baseline kyn/trp ratio ≤0.06 showed a longer PFS [median 8 vs. 3 months; hazard ratio (HR): 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24-1.02; p = 0.058] and a significantly better OS than did those with a kyn/trp ratio > 0.06 (median 16 vs. 4 months; HR: 0.39; 95% CI 0.19-0.82; p = 0.013). Conclusion: Serum kyn/trp ratio could have both prognostic and predictive values in patients with solid tumor treated with immunotherapy, probably reflecting a primary immune-resistant mechanism regardless of the primary tumor histology. Its relative weight is significantly related to gender, site of metastasis, NSCLC, and squamous histology, although these suggestive data need to be confirmed in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Botticelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Mezi
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Pomati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruna Cerbelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Cerbelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Roberto
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Giusti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luana Lionetto
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS FLMM, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Scagnoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Grazia Zizzari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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25
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Discovery of 5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-indole-4,7-diones as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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26
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Schramme F, Crosignani S, Frederix K, Hoffmann D, Pilotte L, Stroobant V, Preillon J, Driessens G, Van den Eynde BJ. Inhibition of Tryptophan-Dioxygenase Activity Increases the Antitumor Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 8:32-45. [PMID: 31806638 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is an enzyme that degrades tryptophan into kynurenine and thereby induces immunosuppression. Like indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), TDO is considered as a relevant drug target to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. However, its role in various immunotherapy settings has not been fully characterized. Here, we described a new small-molecule inhibitor of TDO that can modulate kynurenine and tryptophan in plasma, liver, and tumor tissue upon oral administration. We showed that this compound improved the ability of anti-CTLA4 to induce rejection of CT26 tumors expressing TDO. To better characterize TDO as a therapeutic target, we used TDO-KO mice and found that anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD1 induced rejection of MC38 tumors in TDO-KO, but not in wild-type mice. As MC38 tumors did not express TDO, we related this result to the high systemic tryptophan levels in TDO-KO mice, which lack the hepatic TDO needed to contain blood tryptophan. The antitumor effectiveness of anti-PD1 was abolished in TDO-KO mice fed on a tryptophan-low diet that normalized their blood tryptophan level. MC38 tumors expressed IDO1, which could have limited the efficacy of anti-PD1 in wild-type mice and could have been overcome in TDO-KO mice due to the high levels of tryptophan. Accordingly, treatment of mice with an IDO1 inhibitor improved the efficacy of anti-PD1 in wild-type, but not in TDO-KO, mice. These results support the clinical development of TDO inhibitors to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy of TDO-expressing tumors and suggest their effectiveness even in the absence of tumoral TDO expression.See article by Hoffmann et al., p. 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Schramme
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Delia Hoffmann
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Pilotte
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Stroobant
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Benoit J Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium. .,de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Brussels, Belgium
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27
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Li J, Van Valkenburgh J, Hong X, Conti PS, Zhang X, Chen K. Small molecules as theranostic agents in cancer immunology. Theranostics 2019; 9:7849-7871. [PMID: 31695804 PMCID: PMC6831453 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With further research into the molecular mechanisms and roles linking immune suppression and restraint of (pre)malignancies, immunotherapies have revolutionized clinical strategies in the treatment of cancer. However, nearly 70% of patients who received immune checkpoint therapeutics showed no response. Complementary and/or synergistic effects may occur when extracellular checkpoint antibody blockades combine with small molecules targeting intracellular signal pathways up/downstream of immune checkpoints or regulating the innate and adaptive immune response. After radiolabeling with radionuclides, small molecules can also be used for estimating treatment efficacy of immune checkpoint blockades. This review not only highlights some significant intracellular pathways and immune-related targets such as the kynurenine pathway, purinergic signaling, the kinase signaling axis, chemokines, etc., but also summarizes some attractive and potentially immunosuppression-related small molecule agents, which may be synergistic with extracellular immune checkpoint blockade. In addition, opportunities for small molecule-based theranostics in cancer immunology will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindian Li
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Juno Van Valkenburgh
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xingfang Hong
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Peter S. Conti
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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28
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Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP), an essential amino acid in mammals, is involved in several physiological processes including neuronal function, immunity, and gut homeostasis. In humans, TRP is metabolized via the kynurenine and serotonin pathways, leading to the generation of biologically active compounds, such as serotonin, melatonin and niacin. In addition to endogenous TRP metabolism, resident gut microbiota also contributes to the production of specific TRP metabolites and indirectly influences host physiology. The variety of physiologic functions regulated by TRP reflects the complex pattern of diseases associated with altered homeostasis. Indeed, an imbalance in the synthesis of TRP metabolites has been associated with pathophysiologic mechanisms occurring in neurologic and psychiatric disorders, in chronic immune activation and in the immune escape of cancer. In this chapter, the role of TRP metabolism in health and disease is presented. Disorders involving the central nervous system, malignancy, inflammatory bowel and cardiovascular disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comai
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Antonella Bertazzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Brughera
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Crotti
- Institute of Paediatric Research-Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.
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29
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Yang D, Zhang S, Fang X, Guo L, Hu N, Guo Z, Li X, Yang S, He JC, Kuang C, Yang Q. N-Benzyl/Aryl Substituted Tryptanthrin as Dual Inhibitors of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9161-9174. [PMID: 31580660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), which catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism, has emerged as a key target in cancer immunotherapy because of its role in enabling cancers to evade the immune system. Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) catalyze the same reaction and play a potential role in cancer immunotherapy. Starting from our previously discovered tryptanthrin IDO1 inhibitor scaffold, we synthesized novel N-benzyl/aryl substituted tryptanthrin derivatives and evaluated their inhibitory efficacy on IDO1, TDO, and IDO2. Most compounds showed similar high inhibitory activities on both IDO1 and TDO, which were significantly superior over that of IDO2 with magnitude difference. We showed that N-benzyl/aryl substituted tryptanthrin directly interacted with IDO1, TDO, and IDO2, significantly augmented the proliferation of T cells in vitro, blocked the kynurenine pathway, and suppressed tumor growth when administered to LLC and H22 tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Leilei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Nan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Zhanling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Xishuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Jin Chao He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Chunxiang Kuang
- Department of Chemistry , Tongji University , Siping Road 1239 , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
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30
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Vichaya EG, Vermeer DW, Budac D, Lee A, Grossberg A, Vermeer PD, Lee JH, Dantzer R. Inhibition of Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase Does Not Improve Cancer-Related Symptoms in a Murine Model of Human Papilloma Virus-Related Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Tryptophan Res 2019; 12:1178646919872508. [PMID: 31496720 PMCID: PMC6716175 DOI: 10.1177/1178646919872508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) by tumors can contribute to immunotolerance, and IDO induced by inflammation can also increase risk for the development of behavioral alterations. Thus, this study was initiated to determine whether IDO inhibition, intended to facilitate tumor clearance in response to treatment, attenuates behavioral alterations associated with tumor growth and treatment. We used a murine model of human papilloma virus-related head and neck cancer. We confirmed that tumor cells express IDO and expression was increased by radiotherapy. Interestingly, inhibition of IDO activation by the competitive inhibitor 1-methyl tryptophan mildly exacerbated treatment-associated burrowing deficits (burrowing is a sensitive index of sickness in tumor-bearing mice). Genetic deletion of IDO worsened tumor outcomes and had no effect on the behavioral response as by decreased burrowing or reduced voluntary wheel running. In contrast, oral administration of a specific inhibitor of IDO1 provided no apparent benefit on the tumor response to cancer therapy, yet decreased voluntary wheel-running activity independent of treatment. These results indicate that, independent of its potential effect on tumor clearance, inhibition of IDO does not improve cancer-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth G Vichaya
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel W Vermeer
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - David Budac
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Anna Lee
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Aaron Grossberg
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Paola D Vermeer
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - John H Lee
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo, CA, USA
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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31
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Wang XX, Sun SY, Dong QQ, Wu XX, Tang W, Xing YQ. Recent advances in the discovery of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1740-1754. [PMID: 32055299 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), an important immunoregulatory enzyme ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and cells, plays a key role in tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway and has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer and other diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and arthritis. IDO1 has diverse biological roles in immune suppression and tumor progression by tryptophan catabolism. In addition, IDO1-mediated immune tolerance assists tumor cells in escaping the immune surveillance. Recently, extensive and enormous investigations have been made in the discovery of IDO1 inhibitors in both academia and pharmaceutical companies. In this review, IDO1 inhibitors are grouped as tryptophan derivatives, inhibitors with an imidazole, 1,2,3-triazole or tetrazole scaffold, inhibitors with quinone or iminoquinone, N-hydroxyamidines and other derivatives, and their enzymatic inhibitory activity, selectivity and other biological activities are also introduced and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
| | - Si-Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
| | - Qing-Qing Dong
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
| | - Xiao-Xiang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
| | - Ya-Qun Xing
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
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32
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Kashi AA, Davis RW, Phair RD. The IDO Metabolic Trap Hypothesis for the Etiology of ME/CFS. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:E82. [PMID: 31357483 PMCID: PMC6787624 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating noncommunicable disease brandishing an enormous worldwide disease burden with some evidence of inherited genetic risk. Absence of measurable changes in patients' standard blood work has necessitated ad hoc symptom-driven therapies and a dearth of mechanistic hypotheses regarding its etiology and possible cure. A new hypothesis, the indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) metabolic trap, was developed and formulated as a mathematical model. The historical occurrence of ME/CFS outbreaks is a singular feature of the disease and implies that any predisposing genetic mutation must be common. A database search for common damaging mutations in human enzymes produces 208 hits, including IDO2 with four such mutations. Non-functional IDO2, combined with well-established substrate inhibition of IDO1 and kinetic asymmetry of the large neutral amino acid transporter, LAT1, yielded a mathematical model of tryptophan metabolism that displays both physiological and pathological steady-states. Escape from the pathological one requires an exogenous perturbation. This model also identifies a critical point in cytosolic tryptophan abundance beyond which descent into the pathological steady-state is inevitable. If, however, means can be discovered to return cytosolic tryptophan below the critical point, return to the normal physiological steady-state is assured. Testing this hypothesis for any cell type requires only labelled tryptophan, a means to measure cytosolic tryptophan and kynurenine, and the standard tools of tracer kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A Kashi
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ronald W Davis
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert D Phair
- Integrative Bioinformatics Inc., Mountain View, CA 94041, USA.
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Kumar S, Waldo JP, Jaipuri FA, Marcinowicz A, Van Allen C, Adams J, Kesharwani T, Zhang X, Metz R, Oh AJ, Harris SF, Mautino MR. Discovery of Clinical Candidate (1 R,4 r)-4-(( R)-2-(( S)-6-Fluoro-5 H-imidazo[5,1- a]isoindol-5-yl)-1-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexan-1-ol (Navoximod), a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6705-6733. [PMID: 31264862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of 5-substituted 5H-imidazo[5,1-a]isoindoles are described as potent inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). A structure-based drug design approach was used to elaborate the 5H-imidazo[5,1-a]isoindole core and to improve potency and pharmacological properties. Suitably placed hydrophobic and polar functional groups in the lead molecule allowed improvement of IDO1 inhibitory activity while minimizing off-target liabilities. Structure-activity relationship studies focused on optimizing IDO1 inhibition potency and a pharmacokinetic profile amenable to oral dosing while controlling CYP450 and hERG inhibitory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- NewLink Genetics Corporation , Ames , Iowa 50010 , United States
| | - Jesse P Waldo
- NewLink Genetics Corporation , Ames , Iowa 50010 , United States
| | - Firoz A Jaipuri
- NewLink Genetics Corporation , Ames , Iowa 50010 , United States
| | | | | | - James Adams
- NewLink Genetics Corporation , Ames , Iowa 50010 , United States
| | - Tanay Kesharwani
- NewLink Genetics Corporation , Ames , Iowa 50010 , United States
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- NewLink Genetics Corporation , Ames , Iowa 50010 , United States
| | - Richard Metz
- NewLink Genetics Corporation , Ames , Iowa 50010 , United States
| | - Angela J Oh
- Structural Biology , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Seth F Harris
- Structural Biology , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Mario R Mautino
- NewLink Genetics Corporation , Ames , Iowa 50010 , United States
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Ren C, Bailey AO, VanderPorten E, Oh A, Phung W, Mulvihill MM, Harris SF, Liu Y, Han G, Sandoval W. Quantitative Determination of Protein–Ligand Affinity by Size Exclusion Chromatography Directly Coupled to High-Resolution Native Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 91:903-911. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron O. Bailey
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134, United States
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35
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Zhou Y, Peng J, Li P, Du H, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Sun W, Liu X, Zuo Z. Discovery of novel indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors by virtual screening. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 78:306-316. [PMID: 30616156 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a combination of virtual screening methods were utilized to identify novel potential indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors. A series of IDO1 potential inhibitors were identified by a combination of following steps: Lipinski's Rule of Five, Veber rules filter, molecular docking, HipHop pharmacophores, 3D-Quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies and Pan-assay Interference Compounds (PAINS) filter. Three known categories of IDO1 inhibitors were used to constructed pharmacophores and 3D-QSAR models. Four point pharmacophores (RHDA) of IDO1 inhibitors were generated from the training set. The 3D-QSAR models were obtained using partial least squares (PLS) analyze based on the docking conformation alignment from the training set. The leave-one-out correlation (q2) and non-cross-validated correlation coefficient (r2pred) of the best CoMFA model were 0.601 and 0.546, and the ones from the best CoMSIA model were 0.506 and 0.541, respectively. Six hits from Specs database were identified and analyzed to confirm their binding modes and key interactions to the amino acid residues in the protein. This work may provide novel backbones for new generation of inhibitors of IDO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeheng Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jiale Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Penghua Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Haibo Du
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Yaping Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Yingying Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| | - Xingyong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China.
| | - Zhili Zuo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
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36
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Zhu HF, Li Y. Small-Molecule Targets in Tumor Immunotherapy. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:297-301. [PMID: 29974338 PMCID: PMC6102179 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been widely recognized as a powerful approach to fight cancers. To date, over 50 phase III trials in cancer immunotherapy are in progress. Among the many immunotherapy approaches, immune checkpoint therapy has attracted considerable attention. The reported clinical success of targeting the T cell immune checkpoint receptors PD-1 or CTLA4 by antibodies blockade in advanced stages of cancers has demonstrated the importance of immune modulation. But antibodies-based immunotherapy confronted with some disadvantages, such as immunogenicity, stability, membrane permeability, and production cost. Therefore, alternative approaches including small-molecule-regulated immune response are being introduced. In this review, we focused on some of the key intracellular pathways where small-molecule therapeutic is potential and attractive, which highlights the great potential of natural products in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Iron-containing enzymes such as heme enzymes play crucial roles in biological systems. Three distinct heme-containing dioxygenase enzymes, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) catalyze the initial and rate-limiting step of l-tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway in mammals. Overexpression of these enzymes causes depletion of tryptophan and the accumulation of metabolic products, which contributes to tumor immune tolerance and immune dysregulation in a variety of disease pathologies. In the past few decades, IDO1 has garnered the most attention as a therapeutic target with great potential in cancer immunotherapy. Many potential inhibitors of IDO1 have been designed, synthesized and evaluated, among which indoximod (d-1-MT), INCB024360, GDC-0919 (formerly NLG-919), and an IDO1 peptide-based vaccine have advanced to the clinical trial stage. However, recently, the roles of TDO and IDO2 have been elucidated in immune suppression. In this review, the current drug discovery landscape for targeting TDO, IDO1 and IDO2 is highlighted, with particular attention to the recent use of drugs in clinical trials. Moreover, the crystal structures of these enzymes, in complex with inhibitors, and the mechanisms of Trp catabolism in the first step, are summarized to provide information for facilitating the discovery of new enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojing Yan
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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38
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Zhang G, Xing J, Wang Y, Wang L, Ye Y, Lu D, Zhao J, Luo X, Zheng M, Yan S. Discovery of Novel Inhibitors of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Through Structure-Based Virtual Screening. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:277. [PMID: 29651242 PMCID: PMC5884943 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an intracellular monomeric heme-containing enzyme that catalyzes the first and the rate limiting step in catabolism of tryptophan via the kynurenine (KYN) pathway, which plays a significant role in the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. IDO1 has been proven to be an attractive target for anticancer therapy and chronic viral infections. In the present study, a class of IDO1 inhibitors with novel scaffolds were identified by virtual screening and biochemical validation, in which the compound DC-I028 shows moderate IDO1 inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 21.61 μM on enzymatic level and 89.11 μM on HeLa cell. In the following hit expansion stage, DC-I02806, an analog of DC-I028, showed better inhibitory activity with IC50 about 18 μM on both enzymatic level and cellular level. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of DC-I028 and its analogs was then discussed based on the molecular docking result. The novel IDO1 inhibitors of DC-I028 and its analogs may provide useful clues for IDO1 inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhang
- School of the Physical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihao Wang
- School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jihui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiying Yan
- School of the Physical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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39
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Weng T, Qiu X, Wang J, Li Z, Bian J. Recent discovery of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitors targeting cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:656-669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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40
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A single amino acid residue regulates the substrate affinity and specificity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 640:1-9. [PMID: 29288638 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a heme-containing enzyme that catalyses the oxidative cleavage of L-Trp. The ciliate Blepharisma stoltei has four IDO genes (IDO-I, -II, -III and -IV), which seem to have evolved via two sequential gene duplication events. Each IDO enzyme has a distinct enzymatic property, where IDO-III has a high affinity for L-Trp, whereas the affinity of the other three isoforms for L-Trp is low. IDO-I also exhibits a significant catalytic activity with another indole compound: 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan (5-HTP). IDO-I is considered to be an enzyme that is involved in the biosynthesis of the 5-HTP-derived mating pheromone, gamone 2. By analysing a series of chimeric enzymes based on extant and predicted ancestral enzymes, we identified Asn131 in IDO-I and Glu132 in IDO-III as the key residues responsible for their high affinity for each specific substrate. These two residues were aligned in an identical position as the substrate-determining residue (SDR). Thus, the substrate affinity and specificity are regulated mostly by a single amino acid residue in the Blepharisma IDO-I and IDO-III enzymes.
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McNulty DE, Bonnette WG, Qi H, Wang L, Ho TF, Waszkiewicz A, Kallal LA, Nagarajan RP, Stern M, Quinn AM, Creasy CL, Su DS, Graves AP, Annan RS, Sweitzer SM, Holbert MA. A High-Throughput Dose-Response Cellular Thermal Shift Assay for Rapid Screening of Drug Target Engagement in Living Cells, Exemplified Using SMYD3 and IDO1. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 23:34-46. [DOI: 10.1177/2472555217732014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A persistent problem in early small-molecule drug discovery is the frequent lack of rank-order correlation between biochemical potencies derived from initial screens using purified proteins and the diminished potency and efficacy observed in subsequent disease-relevant cellular phenotypic assays. The introduction of the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) has bridged this gap by enabling assessment of drug target engagement directly in live cells based on ligand-induced changes in protein thermal stability. Initial success in applying CETSA across multiple drug target classes motivated our investigation into replacing the low-throughput, manually intensive Western blot readout with a quantitative, automated higher-throughput assay that would provide sufficient capacity to use CETSA as a primary hit qualification strategy. We introduce a high-throughput dose-response cellular thermal shift assay (HTDR-CETSA), a single-pot homogenous assay adapted for high-density microtiter plate format. The assay features titratable BacMam expression of full-length target proteins fused to the DiscoverX 42 amino acid ePL tag in HeLa suspension cells, facilitating enzyme fragment complementation–based chemiluminescent quantification of ligand-stabilized soluble protein. This simplified format can accommodate determination of full-dose CETSA curves for hundreds of individual compounds/analyst/day in replicates. HTDR-CETSA data generated for substrate site and alternate binding mode inhibitors of the histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SMYD3 in HeLa suspension cells demonstrate excellent correlation with rank-order potencies observed in cellular mechanistic assays and direct translation to target engagement of endogenous Smyd3 in cancer-relevant cell lines. We envision this workflow to be generically applicable to HTDR-CETSA screening spanning a wide variety of soluble intracellular protein target classes.
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Coletti A, Greco FA, Dolciami D, Camaioni E, Sardella R, Pallotta MT, Volpi C, Orabona C, Grohmann U, Macchiarulo A. Advances in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 medicinal chemistry. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1378-1392. [PMID: 30108849 PMCID: PMC6072487 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00109f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) mediates multiple immunoregulatory processes including the induction of regulatory T cell differentiation and activation, suppression of T cell immune responses and inhibition of dendritic cell function, which impair immune recognition of cancer cells and promote tumor growth. On this basis, this enzyme is widely recognized as a valuable drug target for the development of immunotherapeutic small molecules in oncology. Although medicinal chemistry has made a substantial contribution to the discovery of numerous chemical classes of potent IDO1 inhibitors in the past 20 years, only very few compounds have progressed in clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of structure-function relationships of the enzyme, and discuss structure-activity relationships of selected classes of inhibitors that have shaped the hitherto few successes of IDO1 medicinal chemistry. An outlook opinion is also given on trends in the design of next generation inhibitors of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Coletti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Perugia , via del Liceo 1 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 075 585 5160
| | - Francesco Antonio Greco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Perugia , via del Liceo 1 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 075 585 5160
| | - Daniela Dolciami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Perugia , via del Liceo 1 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 075 585 5160
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Perugia , via del Liceo 1 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 075 585 5160
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Perugia , via del Liceo 1 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 075 585 5160
| | - Maria Teresa Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Perugia , P.le Gambuli , 06132 Perugia , Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Perugia , P.le Gambuli , 06132 Perugia , Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Perugia , P.le Gambuli , 06132 Perugia , Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Perugia , P.le Gambuli , 06132 Perugia , Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Perugia , via del Liceo 1 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 075 585 5160
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Gao D, Li Y. Identification and preliminary structure–activity relationships of 1-Indanone derivatives as novel indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3780-3791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Wu Y, Xu T, Liu J, Ding K, Xu J. Structural insights into the binding mechanism of IDO1 with hydroxylamidine based inhibitor INCB14943. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:339-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abnormal kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism in cardiovascular diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2899-2916. [PMID: 28314892 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kynurenine pathway (KP) is the primary path of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism in most mammalian cells. The KP generates several bioactive catabolites, such as kynurenine (Kyn), kynurenic acid (KA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), xanthurenic acid (XA), and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA). Increased catabolite concentrations in serum are associated with several cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart disease, atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction, as well as their risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and aging. The first catabolic step in KP is primarily controlled by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). Following this first step, the KP has two major branches, one branch is mediated by kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) and kynureninase (KYNU) and is responsible for the formation of 3-HK, 3-HAA, and quinolinic acid (QA); and another branch is controlled by kynurenine amino-transferase (KAT), which generates KA. Uncontrolled Trp catabolism has been demonstrated in distinct CVD, thus, understanding the underlying mechanisms by which regulates KP enzyme expression and activity is paramount. This review highlights the recent advances on the effect of KP enzyme expression and activity in different tissues on the pathological mechanisms of specific CVD, KP is an inflammatory sensor and modulator in the cardiovascular system, and KP catabolites act as the potential biomarkers for CVD initiation and progression. Moreover, the biochemical features of critical KP enzymes and principles of enzyme inhibitor development are briefly summarized, as well as the therapeutic potential of KP enzyme inhibitors against CVD is briefly discussed.
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46
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Badawy AAB. Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism: Regulatory and Functional Aspects. Int J Tryptophan Res 2017; 10:1178646917691938. [PMID: 28469468 PMCID: PMC5398323 DOI: 10.1177/1178646917691938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 661] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory and functional aspects of the kynurenine (K) pathway (KP) of tryptophan (Trp) degradation are reviewed. The KP accounts for ~95% of dietary Trp degradation, of which 90% is attributed to the hepatic KP. During immune activation, the minor extrahepatic KP plays a more active role. The KP is rate-limited by its first enzyme, Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), in liver and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) elsewhere. TDO is regulated by glucocorticoid induction, substrate activation and stabilization by Trp, cofactor activation by heme, and end-product inhibition by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate). IDO is regulated by IFN-γ and other cytokines and by nitric oxide. The KP disposes of excess Trp, controls hepatic heme synthesis and Trp availability for cerebral serotonin synthesis, and produces immunoregulatory and neuroactive metabolites, the B3 “vitamin” nicotinic acid, and oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Various KP enzymes are undermined in disease and are targeted for therapy of conditions ranging from immunological, neurological, and neurodegenerative conditions to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla A-B Badawy
- Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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47
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González Esquivel D, Ramírez-Ortega D, Pineda B, Castro N, Ríos C, Pérez de la Cruz V. Kynurenine pathway metabolites and enzymes involved in redox reactions. Neuropharmacology 2017; 112:331-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Shiokawa Z, Kashiwabara E, Yoshidome D, Fukase K, Inuki S, Fujimoto Y. Discovery of a Novel Scaffold as an Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Inhibitor Based on the Pyrrolopiperazinone Alkaloid, Longamide B. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2682-2689. [PMID: 27863031 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has emerged as a key target for cancer therapy, as IDO1 plays a critical role in the capacity of tumor cells to evade the immune system. The pyrrolopiperazinone alkaloid longamide B and its derivatives were identified as novel IDO1 inhibitors based on docking studies and small library synthesis. The thioamide derivative showed higher IDO1 inhibitory activity than longamide B, and displayed an activity similar to that of a representative IDO1 inhibitor, 1-methyl-tryptophan. These results suggest that the pyrrolopiperazinone scaffold of longamide B could be used in the development of IDO1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenyu Shiokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Emi Kashiwabara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshidome
- Schrödinger K.K., 17F Marunouchi Trust Tower North, 1-8-1 Marunouchi Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0005, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
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Li J, Li Y, Yang D, Hu N, Guo Z, Kuang C, Yang Q. Establishment of a human indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 2 (hIDO2) bioassay system and discovery of tryptanthrin derivatives as potent hIDO2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:171-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Coluccia A, Passacantilli S, Famiglini V, Sabatino M, Patsilinakos A, Ragno R, Mazzoccoli C, Sisinni L, Okuno A, Takikawa O, Silvestri R, La Regina G. New Inhibitors of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1: Molecular Modeling Studies, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9760-9773. [PMID: 27690429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an attractive target for anticancer therapy. Herein, we report a virtual screening study which led to the identification of compound 5 as a new IDO1 inhibitor. In order to improve the biological activity of the identified hit, arylthioindoles 6-30 were synthesized and tested. Among these, derivative 21 exhibited an IC50 value of 7 μM, being the most active compound of the series. Furthermore, compounds 5 and 21 induced a dose-dependent growth inhibition in IDO1 expressing cancer cell lines HTC116 and HT29. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship studies were carried out in order to rationalize obtained results and suggest new chemical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rino Ragno
- Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l. , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Mazzoccoli
- Laboratorio di Ricerca Pre-Clinica e Traslazionale, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB) , Via Padre Pio 1, I-85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Lorenza Sisinni
- Laboratorio di Ricerca Pre-Clinica e Traslazionale, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB) , Via Padre Pio 1, I-85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Alato Okuno
- National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology 35 Gengo, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Osamu Takikawa
- National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology 35 Gengo, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
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