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Abbasifard M, Bagherzadeh K, Khorramdelazad H. The story of clobenpropit and CXCR4: can be an effective drug in cancer and autoimmune diseases? Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1410104. [PMID: 39070795 PMCID: PMC11272485 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1410104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Clobenpropit is a histamine H3 receptor antagonist and has developed as a potential therapeutic drug due to its ability to inhibit CXCR4, a chemokine receptor involved in autoimmune diseases and cancer pathogenesis. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis involves several biological phenomena, including cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastasis. Accordingly, inhibiting CXCR4 can have promising clinical outcomes in patients with malignancy or autoimmune disorders. Based on available knowledge, Clobenpropit can effectively regulate the release of monocyte-derived inflammatory cytokine in autoimmune diseases such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), presenting a potential targeted target with possible advantages over current therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the intricate interplay between Clobenpropit and CXCR4 and the molecular mechanisms underlying their interactions, comprehensively analyzing their impact on immune regulation. Furthermore, we discuss preclinical and clinical investigations highlighting the probable efficacy of Clobenpropit for managing autoimmune diseases and cancer. Through this study, we aim to clarify the immunomodulatory role of Clobenpropit and its advantages and disadvantages as a novel therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Abbasifard
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bagherzadeh
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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2
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Fasano M, Pirozzi M, Miceli CC, Cocule M, Caraglia M, Boccellino M, Vitale P, De Falco V, Farese S, Zotta A, Ciardiello F, Addeo R. TGF-β Modulated Pathways in Colorectal Cancer: New Potential Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7400. [PMID: 39000507 PMCID: PMC11242595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with 20% of patients presenting with metastatic disease at diagnosis. TGF-β signaling plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), regulation of the extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and immune responses. TGF-β signals through SMAD proteins, which are intracellular molecules that transmit TGF-β signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Alterations in the TGF-β pathway and mutations in SMAD proteins are common in metastatic CRC (mCRC), making them critical factors in CRC tumorigenesis. This review first analyzes normal TGF-β signaling and then investigates its role in CRC pathogenesis, highlighting the mechanisms through which TGF-β influences metastasis development. TGF-β promotes neoangiogenesis via VEGF overexpression, pericyte differentiation, and other mechanisms. Additionally, TGF-β affects various elements of the tumor microenvironment, including T cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages, promoting immunosuppression and metastasis. Given its strategic role in multiple processes, we explored different strategies to target TGF-β in mCRC patients, aiming to identify new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Fasano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Mario Pirozzi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Carmen Miceli
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Mariateresa Cocule
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Contrada Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Vitale
- Oncology Operative Unit, Hospital of Frattamaggiore, ASLNA2NORD, Frattamaggiore, 80027 Naples, Italy; (P.V.); (V.D.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Vincenzo De Falco
- Oncology Operative Unit, Hospital of Frattamaggiore, ASLNA2NORD, Frattamaggiore, 80027 Naples, Italy; (P.V.); (V.D.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Stefano Farese
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Alessia Zotta
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Raffaele Addeo
- Oncology Operative Unit, Hospital of Frattamaggiore, ASLNA2NORD, Frattamaggiore, 80027 Naples, Italy; (P.V.); (V.D.F.); (R.A.)
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Aydemir MC, Yaman İ, Kilic MA. Membrane Receptor-Mediated Disruption of Cellular Homeostasis: Changes in Intracellular Signaling Pathways Increase the Toxicity of Ochratoxin A. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300777. [PMID: 38880772 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Organisms maintain their cellular homeostatic balance by interacting with their environment through the use of their cell surface receptors. Membrane based receptors such as the transforming growth factor β receptor (TGFR), the prolactin receptor (PRLR), and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR), along with their associated signaling cascade, play significant roles in retaining cellular homeostasis. While these receptors and related signaling pathways are essential for health of cell and organism, their dysregulation can lead to imbalance in cell function with severe pathological conditions such as cell death or cancer. Ochratoxin A (OTA) can disrupt cellular homeostasis by altering expression levels of these receptors and/or receptor-associated intracellular downstream signaling modulators and/or pattern and levels of their phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Recent studies have shown that the activity of the TGFR, the PRLR, and HGFR and their associated signaling cascades change upon OTA exposure. A critical evaluation of these findings suggests that while increased activity of the HGFR and TGFR signaling pathways leads to an increase in cell survival and fibrosis, decreased activity of the PRLR signaling pathway leads to tissue damage. This review explores the roles of these receptors in OTA-related pathologies and effects on cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Cihan Aydemir
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Yaman
- Molecular Toxicology and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Bebek, 34342, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Kilic
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
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Ding Y, Zhou G, Hu W. Epigenetic regulation of TGF-β pathway and its role in radiation response. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:834-848. [PMID: 38506660 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2327395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) plays a dual role in tumor progression as well as a pivotal role in radiation response. TGF-β-related epigenetic regulations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications (including methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination), chromatin remodeling and non-coding RNA regulation, have been found to affect the occurrence and development of tumors as well as their radiation response in multiple dimensions. Due to the significance of radiotherapy in tumor treatment and the essential roles of TGF-β signaling in radiation response, it is important to better understand the role of epigenetic regulation mechanisms mediated by TGF-β signaling pathways in radiation-induced targeted and non-targeted effects. CONCLUSIONS By revealing the epigenetic mechanism related to TGF-β-mediated radiation response, summarizing the existing relevant adjuvant strategies for radiotherapy based on TGF-β signaling, and discovering potential therapeutic targets, we hope to provide a new perspective for improving clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Liguori GL, Kralj-Iglič V. Pathological and Therapeutic Significance of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Cell Migration and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4425. [PMID: 37760395 PMCID: PMC10648223 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The infiltration of primary tumors and metastasis formation at distant sites strongly impact the prognosis and the quality of life of cancer patients. Current therapies including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are limited in targeting the complex cell migration mechanisms responsible for cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis. A better understanding of these mechanisms and the development of new therapies are urgently needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-enveloped particles involved in inter-tissue and inter-cell communication. This review article focuses on the impact of EVs released by tumor cells, specifically on cancer cell migration and metastasis. We first introduce cell migration processes and EV subtypes, and we give an overview of how tumor-derived EVs (TDEVs) may impact cancer cell migration. Then, we discuss ongoing EV-based cancer therapeutic approaches, including the inhibition of general EV-related mechanisms as well as the use of EVs for anti-cancer drug delivery, focusing on the harnessing of TDEVs. We propose a protein-EV shuttle as a route alternative to secretion or cell membrane binding, influencing downstream signaling and the final effect on target cells, with strong implications in tumorigenesis. Finally, we highlight the pitfalls and limitations of therapeutic EV exploitation that must be overcome to realize the promise of EVs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna L. Liguori
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Wu S, Luwor RB, Zhu HJ. Dynamics of transforming growth factor β signaling and therapeutic efficacy. Growth Factors 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37229558 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2023.2215335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a multifunctional cytokine, and its signalling responses are exerted via integrated intracellular pathways and complex regulatory mechanisms. Due to its high potency, TGFβ signalling is tightly controlled under normal circumstances, while its dysregulation in cancer favours metastasis. The recognised potential of TGFβ as a therapeutic target led to emerging development of anti-TGFβ reagents with preclinical success, yet these therapeutics failed to recapitulate their efficacy in experimental settings. In this review, possible reasons for this inconsistency are discussed, addressing the knowledge gap between theoretical and actual behaviours of TGFβ signalling. Previous studies on oncogenic cells have demonstrated the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of TGFβ signalling intensity. Under feedback mechanisms and exosomal ligand recycling, cancer cells may achieve cyclic TGFβ signalling to facilitate dissemination and colonisation. This challenges the current presumption of persistently high TGFβ signalling in cancer, pointing to a new direction of research on TGFβ-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wu
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rodney Brian Luwor
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Australia
- Health, Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Williams A, Gutgesell L, de Wet L, Selman P, Dey A, Avineni M, Kapoor I, Mendez M, Brown R, Lamperis S, Blajszczak C, Bueter E, Kregel S, Vander Griend DJ, Szmulewitz R. SOX 2 expression in prostate cancer drives resistance to nuclear hormone receptor signaling inhibition through the WEE1/CDK1 signaling axis. Cancer Lett 2023; 565:216209. [PMID: 37169162 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) drug resistance in prostate cancer (PC) remains therapeutically challenging. Our group has described the role of sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) overexpression in ARSI-resistant PC. Continuing this work, we report that NR3C1, the gene encoding glucocorticoid receptor (GR), is a novel SOX2 target in PC, positively regulating its expression. Similar to ARSI treatment, SOX2-positive PC cells are insensitive to GR signaling inhibition using a GR modulating therapy. To understand SOX2-mediated nuclear hormone receptor signaling inhibitor (NHRSI) insensitivity, we performed RNA-seq in SOX2-positive and -negative PC cells following NHRSI treatment. RNA-seq prioritized differentially regulated genes mediating the cell cycle, including G2 checkpoint WEE1 Kinase (WEE1) and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Additionally, WEE1 and CDK1 were differentially expressed in PC patient tumors dichotomized by high vs low SOX2 gene expression. Importantly, pharmacological targeting of WEE1 (WEE1i) in combination with an ARSI or GR modulator re-sensitizes SOX2-positive PC cells to nuclear hormone receptor signaling inhibition in vitro, and WEE1i combined with ARSI significantly slowed tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, our data suggest SOX2 predicts NHRSI resistance, and simultaneously indicates the addition of WEE1i to improve therapeutic efficacy of NHRSIs in SOX2-positive PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Williams
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Lisa Gutgesell
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Larischa de Wet
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Phillip Selman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Arunangsu Dey
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Mahati Avineni
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Isha Kapoor
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Megan Mendez
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ryan Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sophia Lamperis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University - Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Chuck Blajszczak
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Eric Bueter
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA; Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Steve Kregel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University - Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Donald J Vander Griend
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Russell Szmulewitz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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8
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Azhar NA, Abu Bakar SA, Citartan M, Ahmad NH. mRNA transcriptome profiling of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 treated with Catharanthus roseus-silver nanoparticles. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:393-409. [PMID: 37034237 PMCID: PMC10075008 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i3.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demand for the development of cancer nanomedicine has increased due to its great therapeutic value that can overcome the limitations of conventional cancer therapy. However, the presence of various bioactive compounds in crude plant extracts used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) makes its precise mechanisms of action unclear.
AIM To assessed the mRNA transcriptome profiling of human HepG2 cells exposed to Catharanthus roseus G. Don (C. roseus)-AgNPs.
METHODS The proliferative activity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and normal human liver (THLE3) cells treated with C. roseusAgNPs were measured using MTT assay. The RNA samples were extracted and sequenced using BGIseq500 platform. This is followed by data filtering, mapping, gene expression analysis, differentially expression genes analysis, Gene Ontology analysis, and pathway analysis.
RESULTS The mean IC50 values of C. roseusAgNPs on HepG2 was 4.38 ± 1.59 μg/mL while on THLE3 cells was 800 ± 1.55 μg/mL. Transcriptome profiling revealed an alteration of 296 genes. C. roseusAgNPs induced the expression of stress-associated genes such as MT, HSP and HMOX-1. Cellular signalling pathways were potentially activated through MAPK, TNF and TGF pathways that are responsible for apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The alteration of ARF6, EHD2, FGFR3, RhoA, EEA1, VPS28, VPS25, and TSG101 indicated the uptake of C. roseus-AgNPs via both clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis.
CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into gene expression study of biosynthesised AgNPs on cancer cells. The cytotoxicity effect is mediated by the aberrant gene alteration, and more interestingly the unique selective antiproliferative properties indicate the C. roseusAgNPs as an ideal anticancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Asna Azhar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Liver Malignancies Research Program, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Abu Bakar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut 22200, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Marimuthu Citartan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hazwani Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Liver Malignancies Research Program, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Kung H, Yu J. Targeted therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Mechanisms and clinical study. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e216. [PMID: 36814688 PMCID: PMC9939368 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive and lethal malignancy with a high rate of recurrence and a dismal 5-year survival rate. Contributing to the poor prognosis of PDAC is the lack of early detection, a complex network of signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms, a dense and desmoplastic stroma, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. A recent shift toward a neoadjuvant approach to treating PDAC has been sparked by the numerous benefits neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has to offer compared with upfront surgery. However, certain aspects of NAT against PDAC, including the optimal regimen, the use of radiotherapy, and the selection of patients that would benefit from NAT, have yet to be fully elucidated. This review describes the major signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in PDAC initiation and progression in addition to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of PDAC. We then review current guidelines, ongoing research, and future research directions on the use of NAT based on randomized clinical trials and other studies. Finally, the current use of and research regarding targeted therapy for PDAC are examined. This review bridges the molecular understanding of PDAC with its clinical significance, development of novel therapies, and shifting directions in treatment paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng‐Chung Kung
- Krieger School of Arts and SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jun Yu
- Departments of Medicine and OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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10
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Provera MD, Straign DM, Karimpour P, Ihle CL, Owens P. Bone morphogenetic protein pathway responses and alterations of osteogenesis in metastatic prostate cancers. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1707. [PMID: 36054271 PMCID: PMC9940003 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a common cancer in men that annually results in more than 33 000 US deaths. Mortality from prostate cancer is largely from metastatic disease, reflecting on the great strides in the last century of treatments in care for the localized disease. Metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) will commonly travel to the bone, creating unique bone pathology that requires nuanced treatments in those sites with surgical, radio and chemotherapeutic interventions. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway has been historically studied in the capacity to regulate the osteogenic nature of new bone. New mineralized bone generation is a frequent and common observation in mCRPC and referred to as blastic bone lesions. Less common are bone destructive lesions that are termed lytic. METHODS We queried the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) prostate cancer databases for the expression of the BMP pathway and found that distinct gene expression of the ligands, soluble antagonists, receptors, and intracellular mediators were altered in localized versus metastatic disease. Human prostate cancer cell lines have an innate ability to promote blastic- or lytic-like bone lesions and we hypothesized that inhibiting BMP signaling in these cell lines would result in a distinct change in osteogenesis gene expression with BMP inhibition. RESULTS We found unique and common changes by comparing these cell lines response and unique BMP pathway alterations. We treated human PCa cell lines with distinct bone pathologic phenotypes with the BMP inhibitor DMH1 and found distinct osteogenesis responses. We analyzed distinct sites of metastatic PCa in the TCGA and found that BMP signaling was selectively altered in commons sites such as lymph node, bone and liver compared to primary tumors. CONCLUSIONS Overall we conclude that BMPs in metastatic prostate cancer are important signals and functional mediators of diverse processes that have potential for individualized precision oncology in mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith D. Provera
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Colorado, Anschutz Medical CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Desiree M. Straign
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Colorado, Anschutz Medical CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
| | | | - Claire L. Ihle
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Colorado, Anschutz Medical CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Philip Owens
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Colorado, Anschutz Medical CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Research Service, Eastern Colorado Health Care SystemAuroraColoradoUSA
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11
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Song J, Yuan X, Piao L, Wang J, Wang P, Zhuang M, Liu J, Liu Z. Cellular functions and molecular mechanisms of ubiquitination in osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1072701. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1072701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although some advances have been made in the treatment of osteosarcoma in recent years, surgical resection remains the mainstream treatment. Initial and early diagnosis of osteosarcoma could be very difficult to achieve due to the insufficient sensitivity for the means of examination. The distal metastasis of osteosarcoma also predicts the poor prognosis of osteosarcoma. In order to solve this series of problems, people begin to discover a new method of diagnosing and treating osteosarcoma. Ubiquitination, as an emerging posttranslational modification, has been shown to be closely related to osteosarcoma in studies over the past decades. In general, this review describes the cellular functions and molecular mechanisms of ubiquitination during the development of osteosarcoma.
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12
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Murugan D, Murugesan V, Panchapakesan B, Rangasamy L. Nanoparticle Enhancement of Natural Killer (NK) Cell-Based Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215438. [PMID: 36358857 PMCID: PMC9653801 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Natural killer cells are a part of the native immune response to cancer. NK cell-based immunotherapies are an emerging strategy to kill tumor cells. This paper reviews the role of NK cells, their mechanism of action for killing tumor cells, and the receptors which could serve as potential targets for signaling. In this review, the role of nanoparticles in NK cell activation and increased cytotoxicity of NK cells against cancer are highlighted. Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are one of the first lines of defense against infections and malignancies. NK cell-based immunotherapies are emerging as an alternative to T cell-based immunotherapies. Preclinical and clinical studies of NK cell-based immunotherapies have given promising results in the past few decades for hematologic malignancies. Despite these achievements, NK cell-based immunotherapies have limitations, such as limited performance/low therapeutic efficiency in solid tumors, the short lifespan of NK cells, limited specificity of adoptive transfer and genetic modification, NK cell rejection by the patient’s immune system, insignificant infiltration of NK cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME), and the expensive nature of the treatment. Nanotechnology could potentially assist with the activation, proliferation, near-real time imaging, and enhancement of NK cell cytotoxic activity by guiding their function, analyzing their performance in near-real time, and improving immunotherapeutic efficiency. This paper reviews the role of NK cells, their mechanism of action in killing tumor cells, and the receptors which could serve as potential targets for signaling. Specifically, we have reviewed five different areas of nanotechnology that could enhance immunotherapy efficiency: nanoparticle-assisted immunomodulation to enhance NK cell activity, nanoparticles enhancing homing of NK cells, nanoparticle delivery of RNAi to enhance NK cell activity, genetic modulation of NK cells based on nanoparticles, and nanoparticle activation of NKG2D, which is the master regulator of all NK cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashree Murugan
- School of Biosciences & Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
- Drug Discovery Unit (DDU), Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Vasanth Murugesan
- Drug Discovery Unit (DDU), Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
- School of Advanced Sciences (SAS), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Balaji Panchapakesan
- Small Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Loganathan Rangasamy
- Drug Discovery Unit (DDU), Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (L.R.)
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13
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Wong HY, Sheng Q, Hesterberg AB, Croessmann S, Rios BL, Giri K, Jackson J, Miranda AX, Watkins E, Schaffer KR, Donahue M, Winkler E, Penson DF, Smith JA, Herrell SD, Luckenbaugh AN, Barocas DA, Kim YJ, Graves D, Giannico GA, Rathmell JC, Park BH, Gordetsky JB, Hurley PJ. Single cell analysis of cribriform prostate cancer reveals cell intrinsic and tumor microenvironmental pathways of aggressive disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6036. [PMID: 36229464 PMCID: PMC9562361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cribriform prostate cancer, found in both invasive cribriform carcinoma (ICC) and intraductal carcinoma (IDC), is an aggressive histological subtype that is associated with progression to lethal disease. To delineate the molecular and cellular underpinnings of ICC/IDC aggressiveness, this study examines paired ICC/IDC and benign prostate surgical samples by single-cell RNA-sequencing, TCR sequencing, and histology. ICC/IDC cancer cells express genes associated with metastasis and targets with potential for therapeutic intervention. Pathway analyses and ligand/receptor status model cellular interactions among ICC/IDC and the tumor microenvironment (TME) including JAG1/NOTCH. The ICC/IDC TME is hallmarked by increased angiogenesis and immunosuppressive fibroblasts (CTHRC1+ASPN+FAP+ENG+) along with fewer T cells, elevated T cell dysfunction, and increased C1QB+TREM2+APOE+-M2 macrophages. These findings support that cancer cell intrinsic pathways and a complex immunosuppressive TME contribute to the aggressive phenotype of ICC/IDC. These data highlight potential therapeutic opportunities to restore immune signaling in patients with ICC/IDC that may afford better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yuen Wong
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Amanda B. Hesterberg
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Sarah Croessmann
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Brenda L. Rios
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Khem Giri
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Jorgen Jackson
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Adam X. Miranda
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Evan Watkins
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Kerry R. Schaffer
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Meredith Donahue
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Elizabeth Winkler
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - David F. Penson
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Joseph A. Smith
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - S. Duke Herrell
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Amy N. Luckenbaugh
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Daniel A. Barocas
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Young J. Kim
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Diana Graves
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Giovanna A. Giannico
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA ,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Ben H. Park
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Jennifer B. Gordetsky
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Paula J. Hurley
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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14
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Shukla N, Naik A, Moryani K, Soni M, Shah J, Dave H. TGF-β at the crossroads of multiple prognosis in breast cancer, and beyond. Life Sci 2022; 310:121011. [PMID: 36179816 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), a pluripotent cytokine and a multifunctional growth factor has a crucial role in varied biological mechanisms like invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, wound healing, and immunosuppression. Moreover, it also has an imperative role both in normal mammary gland development as well as breast carcinogenesis. TGF-β has shown to have a paradoxical role in breast carcinogenesis, by transitioning from a growth inhibitor to a growth promoter with the disease advancement. The inter-communication and crosstalk of TGF-β with different signaling pathways has strengthened the likelihood to explore it as a comprehensive biomarker. In the last two decades, TGF-β has been studied extensively and has been found to be a promising biomarker for early detection, disease monitoring, treatment selection, and tumor progression making it beneficial for disease management. In this review, we focus on the signaling pathways and biological activities of the TGF-β family in breast cancer pathogenesis and its role as a circulatory and independent biomarker for breast cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, this review highlights TGF-β as a drug target, and the underlying mechanisms through which it is involved in tumorigenesis that will aid in the development of varied therapies targeting the different stages of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali Shukla
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Ankit Naik
- Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 390009, India
| | - Kamlesh Moryani
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Molisha Soni
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Jigna Shah
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Heena Dave
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
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15
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Mantile F, Kisovec M, Adamo G, Romancino DP, Hočevar M, Božič D, Bedina Zavec A, Podobnik M, Stoppelli MP, Kisslinger A, Bongiovanni A, Kralj-Iglič V, Liguori GL. A Novel Localization in Human Large Extracellular Vesicles for the EGF-CFC Founder Member CRIPTO and Its Biological and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153700. [PMID: 35954365 PMCID: PMC9367246 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth and metastasis strongly rely on cell–cell communication. One of the mechanisms by which tumor cells communicate involves the release and uptake of lipid membrane encapsulated particles full of bioactive molecules, called extracellular vesicles (EVs). EV exchange between cancer cells may induce phenotype changes in the recipient cells. Our work investigated the effect of EVs released by teratocarcinoma cells on glioblastoma (GBM) cells. EVs were isolated by differential centrifugation and analyzed through Western blot, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and electron microscopy. The effect of large EVs on GBM cells was tested through cell migration, proliferation, and drug-sensitivity assays, and resulted in a specific impairment in cell migration with no effects on proliferation and drug-sensitivity. Noticeably, we found the presence of the EGF-CFC founder member CRIPTO on both small and large EVs, in the latter case implicated in the EV-mediated negative regulation of GBM cell migration. Our data let us propose a novel route and function for CRIPTO during tumorigenesis, highlighting a complex scenario regulating its effect, and paving the way to novel strategies to control cell migration, to ultimately improve the prognosis and quality of life of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mantile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Matic Kisovec
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.K.); (A.B.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Giorgia Adamo
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), CNR, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (D.P.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Daniele P. Romancino
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), CNR, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (D.P.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Matej Hočevar
- Department of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Institute of Metals and Technology, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Darja Božič
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.B.); (V.K.-I.)
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Apolonija Bedina Zavec
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.K.); (A.B.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Marjetka Podobnik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.K.); (A.B.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Patrizia Stoppelli
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Annamaria Kisslinger
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonella Bongiovanni
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), CNR, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (D.P.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.B.); (V.K.-I.)
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Giovanna L. Liguori
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (M.P.S.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Tajaldini M, Saeedi M, Amiriani T, Amiriani AH, Sedighi S, Mohammad Zadeh F, Dehghan M, Jahanshahi M, Zanjan Ghandian M, Khalili P, Poorkhani AH, Alizadeh AM, Khori V. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs); where do they stand in tumorigenesis and how they can change the face of cancer therapy? Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 928:175087. [PMID: 35679891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) and its components have recently attracted tremendous attention in cancer treatment strategies, as alongside the genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor cells, TME could also provide a fertile background for malignant cells to survive and proliferate. Interestingly, TME plays a vital role in the mediation of cancer metastasis and drug resistance even against immunotherapeutic agents. Among different cells that are presenting in TME, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have shown to have significant value in the regulation of angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, and drug-resistance through manipulating the composition as well as the organization of extracellular matrix (ECM). Evidence has shown that the presence of both TAMs and CAFs in TME is associated with poor prognosis and failure of chemotherapeutic agents. It seems that these cells together with ECM form a shield around tumor cells to protect them from the toxic agents and even the adaptive arm of the immune system, which is responsible for tumor surveillance. Given this, targeting TAMs and CAFs seems to be an essential approach to potentiate the cytotoxic effects of anti-cancer agents, either conventional chemotherapeutic drugs or immunotherapies. In the present review, we aimed to take a deep look at the mechanobiology of CAFs and TAMs in tumor progression and to discuss the available therapeutic approaches for harnessing these cells in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Tajaldini
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeedi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Amiriani
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sima Sedighi
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammad Zadeh
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dehghan
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jahanshahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maziar Zanjan Ghandian
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Pedram Khalili
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Khori
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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17
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Ferdek PE, Krzysztofik D, Stopa KB, Kusiak AA, Paw M, Wnuk D, Jakubowska MA. When healing turns into killing ‐ the pathophysiology of pancreatic and hepatic fibrosis. J Physiol 2022; 600:2579-2612. [DOI: 10.1113/jp281135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel E. Ferdek
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Daria Krzysztofik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Kinga B. Stopa
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Agnieszka A. Kusiak
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Milena Paw
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
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18
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Genest M, Comunale F, Planchon D, Govindin P, Noly D, Vacher S, Bièche I, Robert B, Malhotra H, Schoenit A, Tashireva LA, Casas J, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Bodin S. Upregulated flotillins and sphingosine kinase 2 derail AXL vesicular traffic to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274986. [PMID: 35394045 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered endocytosis and vesicular trafficking are major players during tumorigenesis. Flotillin overexpression, a feature observed in many invasive tumors and identified as a marker of poor prognosis, induces a deregulated endocytic and trafficking pathway called upregulated flotillin-induced trafficking (UFIT). Here, we found that in non-tumoral mammary epithelial cells, induction of the UFIT pathway promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and accelerates the endocytosis of several transmembrane receptors, including AXL, in flotillin-positive late endosomes. AXL overexpression, frequently observed in cancer cells, is linked to EMT and metastasis formation. In flotillin-overexpressing non-tumoral mammary epithelial cells and in invasive breast carcinoma cells, we found that the UFIT pathway-mediated AXL endocytosis allows its stabilization and depends on sphingosine kinase 2, a lipid kinase recruited in flotillin-rich plasma membrane domains and endosomes. Thus, the deregulation of vesicular trafficking following flotillin upregulation, and through sphingosine kinase 2, emerges as a new mechanism of AXL overexpression and EMT-inducing signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Genest
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Planchon
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Govindin
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Dune Noly
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Bruno Robert
- IRCM, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 208 avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Himanshu Malhotra
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Andreas Schoenit
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Liubov A Tashireva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBER-EHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Stéphane Bodin
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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19
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Makboul A, El-Mahdy WT, Temerik DF. Detection of ABL1 deletion without BCR-ABL rearrangement in ETP-ALL. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2022:S2531-1379(22)00038-4. [PMID: 35365438 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Makboul
- South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | | | - Doaa F Temerik
- South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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20
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The Bright and the Dark Side of TGF-β Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanisms, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040940. [PMID: 35205692 PMCID: PMC8870127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling is a preeminent regulator of diverse cellular and physiological processes. Frequent dysregulation of TGF-β signaling has been implicated in cancer. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, the autocrine and paracrine effects of TGF-β have paradoxical implications. While acting as a potent tumor suppressor pathway in the early stages of malignancy, TGF-β diverts to a promoter of tumor progression in the late stages, reflecting its bright and dark natures, respectively. Within this context, targeting TGF-β represents a promising therapeutic option for HCC treatment. We discuss here the molecular properties of TGF-β signaling in HCC, attempting to provide an overview of its effects on tumor cells and the stroma. We also seek to evaluate the dysregulation mechanisms that mediate the functional switch of TGF-β from a tumor suppressor to a pro-tumorigenic signal. Finally, we reconcile its biphasic nature with the therapeutic implications. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with genetic and nongenetic aberrations that impact multiple genes and pathways, including the frequently dysregulated transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. The regulatory cytokine TGF-β and its signaling effectors govern a broad spectrum of spatiotemporally regulated molecular and cellular responses, yet paradoxically have dual and opposing roles in HCC progression. In the early stages of tumorigenesis, TGF-β signaling enforces profound tumor-suppressive effects, primarily by inducing cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence, autophagy, and apoptosis. However, as the tumor advances in malignant progression, TGF-β functionally switches to a pro-tumorigenic signal, eliciting aggressive tumor traits, such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and immune evasion of cancer cells. On this account, the inhibition of TGF-β signaling is recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy for advanced HCC. In this review, we evaluate the functions and mechanisms of TGF-β signaling and relate its complex and pleiotropic biology to HCC pathophysiology, attempting to provide a detailed perspective on the molecular determinants underlying its functional diversion. We also address the therapeutic implications of the dichotomous nature of TGF-β signaling and highlight the rationale for targeting this pathway for HCC treatment, alone or in combination with other agents.
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21
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Mohiuddin M, Kasahara K. Cancer metastasis may increase COVID-19 mortality: Suitable targets required to impede cancer metastasis. J Infect Public Health 2021; 15:153-155. [PMID: 34929552 PMCID: PMC8662903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mohiuddin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Kasahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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22
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Bharadwaj AG, Kempster E, Waisman DM. The ANXA2/S100A10 Complex—Regulation of the Oncogenic Plasminogen Receptor. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121772. [PMID: 34944416 PMCID: PMC8698604 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of the serine protease plasmin is initiated by the binding of its zymogenic precursor, plasminogen, to cell surface receptors. The proteolytic activity of plasmin, generated at the cell surface, plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, wound healing, and the invasion of cells through both the basement membrane and extracellular matrix. The seminal observation by Albert Fischer that cancer cells, but not normal cells in culture, produce large amounts of plasmin formed the basis of current-day observations that plasmin generation can be hijacked by cancer cells to allow tumor development, progression, and metastasis. Thus, the cell surface plasminogen-binding receptor proteins are critical to generating plasmin proteolytic activity at the cell surface. This review focuses on one of the twelve well-described plasminogen receptors, S100A10, which, when in complex with its regulatory partner, annexin A2 (ANXA2), forms the ANXA2/S100A10 heterotetrameric complex referred to as AIIt. We present the theme that AIIt is the quintessential cellular plasminogen receptor since it regulates the formation and the destruction of plasmin. We also introduce the term oncogenic plasminogen receptor to define those plasminogen receptors directly activated during cancer progression. We then discuss the research establishing AIIt as an oncogenic plasminogen receptor-regulated during EMT and activated by oncogenes such as SRC, RAS, HIF1α, and PML-RAR and epigenetically by DNA methylation. We further discuss the evidence derived from animal models supporting the role of S100A10 in tumor progression and oncogenesis. Lastly, we describe the potential of S100A10 as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamelu G. Bharadwaj
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (A.G.B.); (E.K.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Emma Kempster
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (A.G.B.); (E.K.)
| | - David M. Waisman
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (A.G.B.); (E.K.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(902)-494-1803; Fax: +1-(902)-494-1355
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23
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Lv X, Xu G. Regulatory role of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in the drug resistance of gastrointestinal cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1648-1667. [PMID: 34853641 PMCID: PMC8603464 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer, is one of the most prevalent types of malignant carcinoma and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite significant advances in therapeutic strategies for GI cancers in recent decades, drug resistance with various mechanisms remains the prevailing cause of therapy failure in GI cancers. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway has crucial, complex roles in many cellular functions related to drug resistance. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the role of the TGF-β signaling pathway in the resistance of GI cancers to conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and traditional medicine. Various processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell development, tumor microenvironment alteration, and microRNA biogenesis, are proposed as the main mechanisms of TGF-β-mediated drug resistance in GI cancers. Several studies have already indicated the benefit of combining antitumor drugs with agents that suppress the TGF-β signaling pathway, but this approach needs to be verified in additional clinical studies. Moreover, the identification of potential biological markers that can be used to predict the response to TGF-β signaling pathway inhibitors during anticancer treatments will have important clinical implications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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24
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Zhao S, Zhang X, Chen S, Zhang S. Long noncoding RNAs: fine-tuners hidden in the cancer signaling network. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:283. [PMID: 34635646 PMCID: PMC8505617 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the development of sequencing technology, a large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified in addition to coding genes. LncRNAs, originally considered as junk RNA, are dysregulated in various types of cancer. Although protein-coding signaling pathways underlie various biological activities, and abnormal signal transduction is a key trigger and indicator for tumorigenesis and cancer progression, lncRNAs are sparking keen interest due to their versatile roles in fine-tuning signaling pathways. We are just beginning to scratch the surface of lncRNAs. Therefore, despite the fact that lncRNAs drive malignant phenotypes from multiple perspectives, in this review, we focus on important signaling pathways modulated by lncRNAs in cancer to demonstrate an up-to-date understanding of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Reproductive Medicine Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, 110022 Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - Xue Zhang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Epigenetics, China Medical University, 110122 Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - Shuo Chen
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510150 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Song Zhang
- grid.412636.4Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122 Shenyang, Liaoning China
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25
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Wang L, Wang E, Prado Balcazar J, Wu Z, Xiang K, Wang Y, Huang Q, Negrete M, Chen K, Li W, Fu Y, Dohlman A, Mines R, Zhang L, Kobayashi Y, Chen T, Shi G, Shen JP, Kopetz S, Tata PR, Moreno V, Gersbach C, Crawford G, Hsu D, Huang E, Bu P, Shen X. Chromatin Remodeling of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis is Mediated by an HGF-PU.1-DPP4 Axis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2004673. [PMID: 34378358 PMCID: PMC8498885 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasizes mainly to the liver, which accounts for the majority of CRC-related deaths. Here it is shown that metastatic cells undergo specific chromatin remodeling in the liver. Hepatic growth factor (HGF) induces phosphorylation of PU.1, a pioneer factor, which in turn binds and opens chromatin regions of downstream effector genes. PU.1 increases histone acetylation at the DPP4 locus. Precise epigenetic silencing by CRISPR/dCas9KRAB or CRISPR/dCas9HDAC revealed that individual PU.1-remodeled regulatory elements collectively modulate DPP4 expression and liver metastasis growth. Genetic silencing or pharmacological inhibition of each factor along this chromatin remodeling axis strongly suppressed liver metastasis. Therefore, microenvironment-induced epimutation is an important mechanism for metastatic tumor cells to grow in their new niche. This study presents a potential strategy to target chromatin remodeling in metastatic cancer and the promise of repurposing drugs to treat metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | | | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of RNA BiologyKey Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Kun Xiang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Marcos Negrete
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Kai‐Yuan Chen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Yujie Fu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Anders Dohlman
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Robert Mines
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA BiologyKey Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell BiologyRegeneration NextDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Guizhi Shi
- Laboratory Animal Research CenterInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - John Paul Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical OncologyMD AndersonDurhamNC77030USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical OncologyMD AndersonDurhamNC77030USA
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell BiologyRegeneration NextDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Victor Moreno
- Department of Clinical SciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelona08193Spain
- Prevention and Control ProgramCatalan Institute of Oncology‐IDIBELLCIBERESPBarcelonaE08907Spain
| | - Charles Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Gregory Crawford
- Department of PediatricsDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
| | - David Hsu
- Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Emina Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Colorectal SurgeryLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH44195USA
| | - Pengcheng Bu
- Key Laboratory of RNA BiologyKey Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
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26
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Li CF, Chan TC, Pan CT, Vejvisithsakul PP, Lai JC, Chen SY, Hsu YW, Shiao MS, Shiue YL. EMP2 induces cytostasis and apoptosis via the TGFβ/SMAD/SP1 axis and recruitment of P2RX7 in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:1133-1150. [PMID: 34339014 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UBUC) is a common malignant disease, and its high recurrence rates impose a heavy clinical burden. The objective of this study was to identify signaling pathways downstream of epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2), which induces cytostasis and apoptosis in UBUC. METHODS A series of in vitro and in vivo assays using different UBUC-derived cell lines and mouse xenograft models were performed, respectively. In addition, primary UBUC specimens were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Exogenous expression of EMP2 in J82 UBUC cells significantly decreased DNA replication and altered the expression levels of several TGFβ signaling-related proteins. EMP2 knockdown in BFTC905 UBUC cells resulted in opposite effects. EMP2-dysregulated cell cycle progression was found to be mediated by the TGFβ/TGFBR1/SP1 family member SMAD. EMP2 or purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2RX7) gene expression upregulation induced apoptosis via both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. In 242 UBUC patient samples, P2RX7 protein levels were found to be significantly and positively correlated with EMP2 protein levels. Low P2RX7 levels conferred poor disease-specific and metastasis-free survival rates, and significantly decreased apoptotic cell rates. EMP2 was found to physically interact with P2RX7. In the presence of a P2RX7 agonist, BzATP, overexpression of both EMP2 and P2RX7 significantly increased apoptotic cell rates compared to overexpression of EMP2 or P2RX7 alone. CONCLUSIONS EMP2 induces cytostasis via the TGFβ/SMAD/SP1 axis and recruits P2RX7 to enhance apoptosis in UBUC. Our data provide new insights that may be employed for the design of UBUC targeting therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Smad Proteins/genetics
- Smad Proteins/metabolism
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- National Cancer Research Institute, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Chun Chan
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- National Cancer Research Institute, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tang Pan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pichpisith Pierre Vejvisithsakul
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd, 80424, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Section for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jia-Chen Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd, 80424, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd, 80424, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd, 80424, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shin Shiao
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd, 80424, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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27
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Stultz J, Fong L. How to turn up the heat on the cold immune microenvironment of metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2021; 24:697-717. [PMID: 33820953 PMCID: PMC8384622 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced prostate cancer remains one of the most common and deadly cancers, despite advances in treatment options. Immunotherapy has provided little benefit to a majority of patients, largely due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that gives rise to inherently "cold tumors". In this review, we discuss the immunopathology of the prostate tumor microenvironment, strategies for treating prostate cancer with immunotherapies, and a perspective on potential approaches to enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapies. METHODS Databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane, were searched for articles relevant to the immunology of prostate cancer. We discuss the impact of different types of treatments on the immune system, and potential mechanisms through which prostate cancer evades the immune system. RESULTS The tumor microenvironment associated with prostate cancer is highly immunosuppressive due to (1) the function of regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), (2) the cytokine milieu secreted by tumor stromal cells and fibroblasts, and (3) the production of adenosine via prostatic acid phosphatase. Both adenosine and tumor growth factor beta (TGF-beta) serve as potent immunosuppressive molecules that could also represent potential therapeutic targets. While there have been many immunotherapy trials in prostate cancer, the majority of these trials have targeted a single immunosuppressive mechanism resulting in limited clinical efficacy. Future approaches will require the integration of improved patient selection as well as use of combination therapies to address multiple mechanisms of resistance. CONCLUSION Prostate cancer inherently gives rise to multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms that have been difficult to overcome with any one immunotherapeutic approach. Enhancing the clinical activity of immunotherapies will require strategic combinations of multiple therapies to address the emerging mechanisms of tumor immune resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Stultz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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28
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Faria RS, de Lima LI, Bonadio RS, Longo JPF, Roque MC, de Matos Neto JN, Moya SE, de Oliveira MC, Azevedo RB. Liposomal paclitaxel induces apoptosis, cell death, inhibition of migration capacity and antitumoral activity in ovarian cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112000. [PMID: 34426249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the paclitaxel (PTX) drug formulated with a liposomal nanosystem (L-PTX) in a peritoneal carcinomatosis derived from ovarian cancer. In vitro cell viability studies with the human ovarian cancer line A2780 showed a 50% decrease in the inhibitory concentration for L-PTX compared to free PTX. A2780 cells treated with the L-PTX formulation demonstrated a reduced capacity to form colonies in comparison to those treated with PTX. Cell death following L-PTX administration hinted at apoptosis, with most cells undergoing initial apoptosis. A2780 cells exhibited an inhibitory migration profile when analyzed by Wound Healing and real-time cell analysis (xCELLigence) methods after L-PTX administration. This inhibition was related to decreased expression of the zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and transforming growth factor 2 (TGF-β2) genes. In vivoL-PTX administration strongly inhibited tumor cell proliferation in ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis derived from ovarian cancer, indicating higher antitumor activity than PTX. L-PTX formulation did not show toxicity in the mice model. This study demonstrated that liposomal paclitaxel formulations are less toxic to normal tissues than free paclitaxel and are more effective in inhibiting tumor cell proliferation/migration and inducing ZEB1/TGF-β2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Santos Faria
- Department of Genetics & Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luiza Ianny de Lima
- Department of Genetics & Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael Severino Bonadio
- Department of Genetics & Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Figueiró Longo
- Department of Genetics & Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Coimbra Roque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - João Nunes de Matos Neto
- Cettro - Centro de Câncer de Brasília e Instituto Unity de Ensino e Pesquisa, Edifício de Clínicas - SMH/N Quadra 02, 12º Andar - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF 70710-904, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Sergio Enrique Moya
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Mônica Cristina de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bentes Azevedo
- Department of Genetics & Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
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29
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Lin X, Fang Y, Jin X, Zhang M, Shi K. Modulating Repolarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Targeted Therapeutic Nanoparticles as a Potential Strategy for Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5871-5896. [PMID: 35006894 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are always some components in the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), that help tumor cells escape the body's immune surveillance. Therefore, this situation can lead to tumor growth, progression, and metastasis, resulting in low response rates for cancer therapy. Macrophages play an important role with strong plasticity and functional diversity. Facing different microenvironmental stimulations, macrophages undergo a dynamic change in phenotype and function into two major macrophage subpopulations, namely classical activation/inflammation (M1) and alternative activation/regeneration (M2) type. Through various signaling pathways, macrophages polarize into complex groups, which can perform different immune functions. In this review, we emphasize the use of nanopreparations for macrophage related immunotherapy based on the pathological knowledge of TAMs phenotype. These macrophages targeted nanoparticles re-edit and re-educate macrophages by attenuating M2 macrophages and reducing aggregation to the TME, thereby relieving or alleviating immunosuppression. Among them, we describe in detail the cellular mechanisms and regulators of several major signaling pathways involved in the plasticity and polarization functions of macrophages. The advantages and challenges of those nanotherapeutics for these pathways have been elucidated, providing the basis and insights for the diagnosis and treatment strategies of various diseases centered on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 117004, P. R. China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 117004, P. R. China
| | - Xuechao Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 117004, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 117004, P. R. China
| | - Kai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
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30
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Zhang C, Lin Y, Zhang K, Meng L, Hu X, Chen J, Zhu W, Yu H. GDF11 enhances therapeutic functions of mesenchymal stem cells for angiogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:456. [PMID: 34384486 PMCID: PMC8359078 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of stem cell therapy for ischemia repair has been limited by low cell retention rate. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β super family, which has multiple effects on development, physiology and diseases. The objective of the study is to investigate whether GDF11 could affect the efficacy of stem cell transplantation. METHODS We explored the effects of GDF11 on proangiogenic activities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for angiogenic therapy in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs were transduced with lentiviral vector to overexpress GDF11 (MSCGDF11). After exposed to hypoxia and serum deprivation for 48 h, MSCGDF11 were significantly better in viability than control MSCs (MSCvector). MSCGDF11 also had higher mobility and better angiogenic paracrine effects. The cytokine antibody array showed more angiogenic cytokines in the conditioned medium of MSCGDF11 than that of MSCvector, such as epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, placenta growth factor. When MSCs (1 × 106 cells in 50 μl) were injected into ischemic hindlimb of mice after femoral artery ligation, MSCGDF11 had higher retention rate in the muscle than control MSCs. Injection of MSCGDF11 resulted in better blood reperfusion and limb salvage than that of control MSCs after 14 days. Significantly more CD31+ endothelial cells and α-SMA + smooth muscle cells were detected in the ischemic muscles that received MSCGDF11. The effects of GDF11 were through activating TGF-β receptor and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated an essential role of GDF11 in promoting therapeutic functions of MSCs for ischemic diseases by enhancing MSC viability, mobility, and angiogenic paracrine functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinuo Lin
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Obstetrics, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Luyang Meng
- grid.440280.aDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghai Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
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31
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Lokhande L, Kuci Emruli V, Eskelund CW, Kolstad A, Hutchings M, Räty R, Niemann CU, Grønbaek K, Jerkeman M, Ek S. Serum proteome modulations upon treatment provides biological insight on response to treatment in relapsed mantle cell lymphoma. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1524. [PMID: 34319003 PMCID: PMC9327662 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The possibility to monitor patient's serum proteome during treatment can provide deepened understanding of the biology associated with response to specific drugs. Non‐invasive serum sampling provides an opportunity for sustainable repetitive sampling of patients, which allows for more frequent evaluation of the biological response and enhanced flexibility in treatment selection in contrast to tissue biopsies. Aim To pin‐point biologically relevant changes in pre‐ and on‐treatment serum proteome samples in relapsed mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients, leading to insight into mechanisms behind response to treatment in sub‐groups of patients. Methods Pre‐ and on‐treatment serum samples from relapsed MCL patients treated with a triple combination therapy of rituximab, ibrutinib and lenalidomide were available for the study, together with detailed clinicopathological information. A microarray technology targeting 158 serum proteins using 371 antibody‐fragments was used to compare the serum proteome at the two time‐points. Results Proteins modulated by the treatment were shown to be associated to a MCL sub‐group with ATM/TP53 alterations, which emphasizes the importance of treatment stratification. Absolute values of serum protein levels in on‐treatment samples were highly variable and showed no correlation to outcome. To circumvent the challenge of variability in absolute serum protein levels, the velocity of change of individual serum proteins was used to identify proteins associated with clinical response. Increased values of TGF‐β1, CD40 and complement component 4 comparing pre‐ and on‐treatment samples were associated with remaining minimal residual disease (MRD) and increased BTK was associated with short progression‐free survival (PFS). Conclusion We show that the genetic sub‐type of MCL affects the biological response to treatment in serum and that the change in defined serum proteins reveals the biology associated with clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Winther Eskelund
- Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Hutchings
- Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Riikka Räty
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kirsten Grønbaek
- Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Danish Stem Cell Center (Danstem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mats Jerkeman
- Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Ek
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Dymicka-Piekarska V, Koper-Lenkiewicz OM, Zińczuk J, Kratz E, Kamińska J. Inflammatory cell-associated tumors. Not only macrophages (TAMs), fibroblasts (TAFs) and neutrophils (TANs) can infiltrate the tumor microenvironment. The unique role of tumor associated platelets (TAPs). Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:1497-1510. [PMID: 33146401 PMCID: PMC8139882 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that various inflammatory cells infiltrate cancer cells. Next to TAMs (tumor-associated macrophages), TAFs (tumor-associated fibroblasts) and TANs (tumor-associated neutrophils) also platelets form the tumor microenvironment. Taking into account the role of platelets in the development of cancer, we have decided to introduce a new term: tumor associated platelets-TAPs. To the best of our knowledge, thus far this terminology has not been employed by anyone. Platelets are the first to appear at the site of the inflammatory process that accompanies cancer development. Within the first few hours from the start of the colonization of cancer cells platelet-tumor aggregates are responsible for neutrophils recruitment, and further release a number of factors associated with tumor growth, metastasis and neoangiogenesis. On the other hand, it also has been indicated that factors delivered from platelets can induce a cytotoxic effect on the proliferating neoplastic cells, and even enhance apoptosis. Undoubtedly, TAPs' role seems to be more complex when compared to tumor associated neutrophils and macrophages, which do not allow for their division into TAP P1 and TAP P2, as in the case of TANs and TAMs. In this review we discuss the role of TAPs as an important element of tumor invasiveness and as a potentially new therapeutic target to prevent cancer development. Nevertheless, better exploring the interactions between platelets and tumor cells could help in the formulation of new therapeutic goals that support or improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Olga M. Koper-Lenkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Justyna Zińczuk
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Kratz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Park HR, Choi YJ, Kim JY, Kim IG, Jung U. Repeated Irradiation with γ-Ray Induces Cancer Stemness through TGF-β-DLX2 Signaling in the A549 Human Lung Cancer Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084284. [PMID: 33924205 PMCID: PMC8074596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in cancer recurrence and metastasis. It is suggested that the CSC properties in heterogeneous cancer cells can be induced by ionizing radiation (IR). This study investigated the role of DLX2 in the radioresistance and CSC properties induced by IR in NSCLC cancer cells. Here, A549 cells were exposed to fractionated irradiation at a cumulative dose of 52 Gy (4 Gy × 13 times) for a generation of radioresistant cells. After fractionated irradiation, surviving A549 cells exhibited resistance to IR and enhanced expression of various cancer stem cell markers. They also showed upregulation of mesenchymal molecular markers and downregulation of epithelial molecular markers, correlating with an increase in the migration and invasion. Fractionated irradiation triggered the secretion of TGF-β1 and DLX2 expression. Interestingly, the increased DLX2 following fractionated irradiation seemed to induce the expression of the gene for the EGFR-ligand betacellulin via Smad2/3 signaling. To contrast, DLX2 knockdown dramatically decreased the expression of CSC markers, migration, and proliferation. Moreover, A549 cells expressing DLX2 shRNA formed tumors with a significantly smaller volume compared to those expressing control shDNA in a mouse xenograft assay. These results suggest that DLX2 overexpression in surviving NSCLC cancer cells after fractionated IR exposure is involved in the cancer stemness, radioresistance, EMT, tumor survival, and tumorigenic capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ran Park
- Biotechnology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (J.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.-R.P.); (U.J.); Tel.: +82-63-570-3222 (H.-R.P.); +82-42-868-8038 (U.J.)
| | - Yeo-Jin Choi
- Biotechnology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Jee-Young Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Environmental Safety Evaluation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Korea;
| | - Uhee Jung
- Environmental Safety Evaluation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-R.P.); (U.J.); Tel.: +82-63-570-3222 (H.-R.P.); +82-42-868-8038 (U.J.)
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34
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Sun X, Bernhardt SM, Glynn DJ, Hodson LJ, Woolford L, Evdokiou A, Yan C, Du H, Robertson SA, Ingman WV. Attenuated TGFB signalling in macrophages decreases susceptibility to DMBA-induced mammary cancer in mice. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:39. [PMID: 33761981 PMCID: PMC7992865 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFB1) is a multi-functional cytokine that regulates mammary gland development and cancer progression through endocrine, paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. TGFB1 also plays roles in tumour development and progression, and its increased expression is associated with an increased breast cancer risk. Macrophages are key target cells for TGFB1 action, also playing crucial roles in tumourigenesis. However, the precise role of TGFB-regulated macrophages in the mammary gland is unclear. This study investigated the effect of attenuated TGFB signalling in macrophages on mammary gland development and mammary cancer susceptibility in mice. METHODS A transgenic mouse model was generated, wherein a dominant negative TGFB receptor is activated in macrophages, in turn attenuating the TGFB signalling pathway specifically in the macrophage population. The mammary glands were assessed for morphological changes through wholemount and H&E analysis, and the abundance and phenotype of macrophages were analysed through immunohistochemistry. Another cohort of mice received carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), and tumour development was monitored weekly. Human non-neoplastic breast tissue was also immunohistochemically assessed for latent TGFB1 and macrophage marker CD68. RESULTS Attenuation of TGFB signalling resulted in an increase in the percentage of alveolar epithelium in the mammary gland at dioestrus and an increase in macrophage abundance. The phenotype of macrophages was also altered, with inflammatory macrophage markers iNOS and CCR7 increased by 110% and 40%, respectively. A significant decrease in DMBA-induced mammary tumour incidence and prolonged tumour-free survival in mice with attenuated TGFB signalling were observed. In human non-neoplastic breast tissue, there was a significant inverse relationship between latent TGFB1 protein and CD68-positive macrophages. CONCLUSIONS TGFB acts on macrophage populations in the mammary gland to reduce their abundance and dampen the inflammatory phenotype. TGFB signalling in macrophages increases mammary cancer susceptibility potentially through suppression of immune surveillance activities of macrophages.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/adverse effects
- Animals
- Disease Susceptibility
- Disease-Free Survival
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Estrous Cycle
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Human/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Human/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Smad2 Protein/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah M Bernhardt
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Danielle J Glynn
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leigh J Hodson
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lucy Woolford
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andreas Evdokiou
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Wendy V Ingman
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
- Discipline of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, DX465702, 28 Woodville Rd., Woodville, 5011, Australia.
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35
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Ungefroren H. Autocrine TGF-β in Cancer: Review of the Literature and Caveats in Experimental Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:977. [PMID: 33478130 PMCID: PMC7835898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autocrine signaling is defined as the production and secretion of an extracellular mediator by a cell followed by the binding of that mediator to receptors on the same cell to initiate signaling. Autocrine stimulation often operates in autocrine loops, a type of interaction, in which a cell produces a mediator, for which it has receptors, that upon activation promotes expression of the same mediator, allowing the cell to repeatedly autostimulate itself (positive feedback) or balance its expression via regulation of a second factor that provides negative feedback. Autocrine signaling loops with positive or negative feedback are an important feature in cancer, where they enable context-dependent cell signaling in the regulation of growth, survival, and cell motility. A growth factor that is intimately involved in tumor development and progression and often produced by the cancer cells in an autocrine manner is transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). This review surveys the many observations of autocrine TGF-β signaling in tumor biology, including data from cell culture and animal models as well as from patients. We also provide the reader with a critical discussion on the various experimental approaches employed to identify and prove the involvement of autocrine TGF-β in a given cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Ungefroren
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany;
- Clinic for General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
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36
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de Araújo WM, Tanaka MN, Lima PHS, de Moraes CF, Leve F, Bastos LG, Rocha MR, Robbs BK, Viola JPB, Morgado-Diaz JA. TGF-β acts as a dual regulator of COX-2/PGE 2 tumor promotion depending of its cross-interaction with H-Ras and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:662-673. [PMID: 33300198 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a dual role acting as tumor promoter or suppressor. Along with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and oncogenic Ras, this multifunctional cytokine is deregulated in colorectal cancer. Despite their individual abilities to promote tumor growth and invasion, the mechanisms of cross regulation between these pathways is still unclear. Here, we investigate the effects of TGF-β, Ras oncogene and COX-2 in the colorectal cancer context. We used colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 and Ras-transformed IEC-6 cells, both treated with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), TGF-β or a combined treatment with these agents. We demonstrated that PGE2 alters the subcellular localization of E-cadherin and β-catenin and enhanced the tumorigenic potential in HT-29 cells. This effect was inhibited by TGF-β, indicating a tumor suppressor role. Conversely, in Ras-transformed IEC-6 cells, TGF-β induced COX-2 expression and increased invasiveness, acting as a tumor promoter. In IEC-6 Ras-transformed cells, TGF-β increased nuclear β-catenin and Wnt/β-catenin activation, opposite to what was seen in the PGE2 and TGF-β joint treatment in HT-29 cells. Together, our findings show that TGF-β increases COX-2 levels and induces invasiveness cooperating with Ras in a Wnt/β-catenin activation-dependent manner. This shows TGF-β dual regulation over COX-2/PGE2 tumor promotion depending on the H-Ras and Wnt/β-catenin pathways activation status in intestinal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace M de Araújo
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N Tanaka
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro H S Lima
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cassio F de Moraes
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Leve
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory (Labio), Division of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences (Dimav), National Institute of Metrology Quality & Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Lilian G Bastos
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Murilo R Rocha
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno K Robbs
- Basic Science Department, Campus Universitário de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João P B Viola
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jose A Morgado-Diaz
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Long non-coding RNA ARHGAP5-AS1 inhibits migration of breast cancer cell via stabilizing SMAD7 protein. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:607-619. [PMID: 34370213 PMCID: PMC8505316 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor metastasis is the main cause of death from breast cancer patients and cell migration plays a critical role in cancer metastasis. Recent studies have shown long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential role in the initiation and progression of cancer. In the present study, the role of an LncRNA, Rho GTPase Activating Protein 5- Antisense 1 (ARHGAP5-AS1) in breast cancer was investigated. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed to find out dysregulated LncRNAs in MDA-MB-231-LM2 cells. Transwell migration assays and F-actin staining were utilized to estimate cell migration ability. RNA pulldown assays and RNA immunoprecipitation were used to prove the interaction between ARHGAP5-AS1 and SMAD7. Western blot and immunofluorescence imaging were used to examine the protein levels. Dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to evaluate the activation of TGF-β signaling. RESULTS We analyzed the RNA-seq data of MDA-MB-231 and its highly metastatic derivative MDA-MB-231-LM2 cell lines (referred to as LM2) and identified a novel lncRNA (NR_027263) named as ARHGAP5-AS1, which expression was significantly downregulated in LM2 cells. Further functional investigation showed ARHGAP5-AS1 could inhibit cell migration via suppression of stress fibers in breast cancer cell lines. Afterwards, SMAD7 was further identified to interact with ARHGAP5-AS1 by its PY motif and thus its ubiquitination and degradation was blocked due to reduced interaction with E3 ligase SMURF1 and SMURF2. Moreover, ARHGAP5-AS1 could inhibit TGF-β signaling pathway due to its inhibitory role on SMAD7. CONCLUSION ARHGAP5-AS1 inhibits breast cancer cell migration via stabilization of SMAD7 protein and could serve as a novel biomarker and a potential target for breast cancer in the future.
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Chen J, Ding ZY, Li S, Liu S, Xiao C, Li Z, Zhang BX, Chen XP, Yang X. Targeting transforming growth factor-β signaling for enhanced cancer chemotherapy. Theranostics 2021; 11:1345-1363. [PMID: 33391538 PMCID: PMC7738904 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, drugs targeting transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling have received tremendous attention for late-stage cancer treatment since TGFβ signaling has been recognized as a prime driver for tumor progression and metastasis. Nonetheless, in healthy and pre-malignant tissues, TGFβ functions as a potent tumor suppressor. Furthermore, TGFβ signaling plays a key role in normal development and homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and immune evasion, and by suppressing tumor-associated inflammation. Therefore, targeting TGFβ signaling for cancer therapy is challenging. Recently, we and others showed that blocking TGFβ signaling increased chemotherapy efficacy, particularly for nanomedicines. In this review, we briefly introduce the TGFβ signaling pathway, and the multifaceted functions of TGFβ signaling in cancer, including regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the behavior of cancer cells. We also summarize TGFβ targeting agents. Then, we highlight TGFβ inhibition strategies to restore the extracellular matrix (ECM), regulate the tumor vasculature, reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and impair the stemness of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) to enhance cancer chemotherapy efficacy. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities in targeting TGFβ signaling for cancer therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ze-yang Ding
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sha Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-xiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-ping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, 510530, China
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39
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Parrish KE, Swanson J, Cheng L, Luk E, Stetsko P, Smalley J, Shu YZ, Huang J, Pabalan JG, Sun Y, Zvyaga T, Cvijic ME, Burke J, Borzilleri R, Murtaza A, Augustine K, Yang Z. Pharmacodynamics-based approach for efficacious human dose projection of BMS-986260, a small molecule transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 inhibitor. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2020; 42:137-149. [PMID: 33354831 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has a wide array of biological effects. For decades, tumor biology implicated TGF-β as an attractive therapeutic target due to its immunosuppressive effects. Toward this end, multiple pharmaceutical companies developed a number of drug modalities that specifically target the TGF-β pathway. BMS-986260 is a small molecule, selective TGF-βR1 kinase inhibitor that was under preclinical development for oncology. In vivo studies across mouse, rat, dog, and monkey and cryopreserved hepatocytes predicted human pharmacokinetics (PK) and distribution of BMS-986260. Efficacy studies of BMS-986260 were undertaken in the MC38 murine colon cancer model, and target engagement, as measured by phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, was assessed in whole blood to predict the clinical efficacious dose. The human clearance is predicted to be low, 4.25 ml/min/kg. BMS-986260 provided a durable and robust antitumor response at 3.75 mg/kg daily and 1.88 mg/kg twice-daily dosing regimens. Phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 was 3.5-fold less potent in human monocytes than other preclinical species. Taken together, the projected clinical efficacious dose was 600 mg QD or 210 mg BID for 3 days followed by a 4-day drug holiday. Mechanism-based cardiovascular findings in the rat ultimately led to the termination of BMS-986260. This study describes the preclinical PK characterization and pharmacodynamics-based efficacious dose projection of a novel small molecule TGF-βR1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Parrish
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jesse Swanson
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lihong Cheng
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Emily Luk
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Paul Stetsko
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - James Smalley
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yue-Zhong Shu
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jinwen Huang
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jonathan G Pabalan
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yongnian Sun
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tatyana Zvyaga
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - James Burke
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Robert Borzilleri
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anwar Murtaza
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Karen Augustine
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Research and Early Discovery, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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40
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Astori A, Matherat G, Munoz I, Gautier EF, Surdez D, Zermati Y, Verdier F, Zaidi S, Feuillet V, Kadi A, Lauret E, Delattre O, Lefèvre C, Fontenay M, Ségal-Bendirdjian E, Dusanter-Fourt I, Bouscary D, Hermine O, Mayeux P, Pendino F. The epigenetic regulator RINF (CXXC5) maintains <i>SMAD7</i> expression in human immature erythroid cells and sustains red blood cells expansion. Haematologica 2020; 107:268-283. [PMID: 33241676 PMCID: PMC8719099 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.263558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene CXXC5, encoding a retinoid-inducible nuclear factor (RINF), is located within a region at 5q31.2 commonly deleted in myelodysplastic syndrome and adult acute myeloid leukemia. RINF may act as an epigenetic regulator and has been proposed as a tumor suppressor in hematopoietic malignancies. However, functional studies in normal hematopoiesis are lacking, and its mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we evaluated the consequences of RINF silencing on cytokine-induced erythroid differentiation of human primary CD34+ progenitors. We found that RINF is expressed in immature erythroid cells and that RINF-knockdown accelerated erythropoietin-driven maturation, leading to a significant reduction (~45%) in the number of red blood cells, without affecting cell viability. The phenotype induced by RINF-silencing was dependent on tumor growth factor b (TGFb) and mediated by SMAD7, a TGFb-signaling inhibitor. RINF upregulates SMAD7 expression by direct binding to its promoter and we found a close correlation between RINF and SMAD7 mRNA levels both in CD34+ cells isolated from bone marrow of healthy donors and myelodysplastic syndrome patients with del(5q). Importantly, RINF knockdown attenuated SMAD7 expression in primary cells and ectopic SMAD7 expression was sufficient to prevent the RINF knockdown-dependent erythroid phenotype. Finally, RINF silencing affects 5’-hydroxymethylation of human erythroblasts, in agreement with its recently described role as a TET2-anchoring platform in mouse. Collectively, our data bring insight into how the epigenetic factor RINF, as a transcriptional regulator of SMAD7, may fine-tune cell sensitivity to TGFb superfamily cytokines and thus play an important role in both normal and pathological erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Astori
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-ex, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris
| | - Gabriel Matherat
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-ex, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris
| | - Isabelle Munoz
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-ex, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris
| | - Emilie-Fleur Gautier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-ex, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris
| | - Didier Surdez
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France; PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U830, Paris, France; SIREDO: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris
| | - Yaël Zermati
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-ex, Paris
| | - Frédérique Verdier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-ex, Paris
| | - Sakina Zaidi
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France; PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U830, Paris, France; SIREDO: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris
| | - Vincent Feuillet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris
| | - Amir Kadi
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris
| | - Evelyne Lauret
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France; PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U830, Paris, France; SIREDO: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris
| | - Carine Lefèvre
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-ex, Paris
| | - Michaela Fontenay
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-ex, Paris, France; Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Paris
| | | | - Isabelle Dusanter-Fourt
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris
| | - Didier Bouscary
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-ex, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France; Université de Paris, Institut Imagine, INSERM, CNRS, F-75015, Paris
| | - Patrick Mayeux
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-ex, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris
| | - Frédéric Pendino
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-ex, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris.
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41
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Lv L, Liu FR, Na D, Xu HM, Wang ZN, Jiang CG. Transforming growth factor-β1 induces connective tissue growth factor expression and promotes peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20201501. [PMID: 32885819 PMCID: PMC7502695 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is involved in human cancer development and progression. Nonetheless, the role of TGF-β1 as regards peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer has not been completely characterized. In the present study, we investigated the exact role of TGF-β1 on peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. The results indicated that human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) exposed to TGF-β1 or serum-free conditional medium (SF-CM) of SGC7901 that produced a large amount of TGF-β1 became exfoliated, apoptosis and exhibited signs of injury, and the tumor-mesothelial cell adhesion significantly increased. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression was also increased when HPMCs were exposed to TGF-β1 or SF-CM of SGC7901. However, these effects were significantly decreased when HPMCs were exposed to SF-CM of SGC7901-TGFβS, a TGF-β1 knockdown stable cell line. Animal studies revealed that nude mice injected with SGC7901-TGFβS cells featured a smaller number of peritoneal seeding nodules and lower expression of CTGF in ascites than the control cell lines. These findings suggest that TGF-β1 promotes peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer and induces CTGF expression. Therefore, blockage of TGF-β1 or TGF-β1 signaling pathway might prevent and treat peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fu-Rong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Di Na
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hui-Mian Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Jiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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42
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Song X, Yang W, Wu C, Han Y, Lu Y. USP9X promotes the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of liver cancer cells through regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2897-2905. [PMID: 32782606 PMCID: PMC7400992 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9 (USP9X) serves important roles in the development and progression of various human cancers. However, its role and molecular mechanism in liver cancer require further elucidation. In the present study, USP9X was found to be upregulated in liver cancer tissues. At the same time, overexpression of USP9X promoted the proliferation, invasiveness and migration of liver cancer cells, which were subsequently suppressed by USP9X silencing. On a molecular level, the results revealed that USP9X knockdown suppressed elements of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3 signaling pathway, including JAK2, STAT3, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and c-Myc. By contrast, overexpression of USP9X had the opposite effect. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that USP9X is upregulated in patients with liver cancer, which may accelerate the proliferation, invasiveness and migration of liver cancer cells by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchao Song
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Weibin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Yamin Han
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Yaowu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
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43
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Papoutsoglou P, Moustakas A. Long non-coding RNAs and TGF-β signaling in cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2672-2681. [PMID: 32485023 PMCID: PMC7419046 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is driven by genetic mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and by cellular events that develop a misregulated molecular microenvironment in the growing tumor tissue. The tumor microenvironment is guided by the excessive action of specific cytokines including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which normally controls embryonic development and the homeostasis of young or adult tissues. As a consequence of the genetic alterations generating a given tumor, TGF-β can preserve its homeostatic function and attempt to limit neoplastic expansion, whereas, once the tumor has progressed to an aggressive stage, TGF-β can synergize with various oncogenic stimuli to facilitate tumor invasiveness and metastasis. TGF-β signaling mechanisms via Smad proteins, various ubiquitin ligases, and protein kinases are relatively well understood. Such mechanisms regulate the expression of genes encoding proteins or non-coding RNAs. Among non-coding RNAs, much has been understood regarding the regulation and function of microRNAs, whereas the role of long non-coding RNAs is still emerging. This article emphasizes TGF-β signaling mechanisms leading to the regulation of non-coding genes, the function of such non-coding RNAs as regulators of TGF-β signaling, and the contribution of these mechanisms in specific hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and MicrobiologyScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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44
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Zhang C, Lin Y, Liu Q, He J, Xiang P, Wang D, Hu X, Chen J, Zhu W, Yu H. Growth differentiation factor 11 promotes differentiation of MSCs into endothelial-like cells for angiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8703-8717. [PMID: 32588524 PMCID: PMC7412688 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β super family. It has multiple effects on development, physiology and diseases. However, the role of GDF11 in the development of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is not clear. To explore the effects of GDF11 on the differentiation and pro-angiogenic activities of MSCs, mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs were engineered to overexpress GDF11 (MSCGDF11 ) and their capacity for differentiation and paracrine actions were examined both in vitro and in vivo. Expression of endothelial markers CD31 and VEGFR2 at the levels of both mRNA and protein was significantly higher in MSCGDF11 than control MSCs (MSCVector ) during differentiation. More tube formation was observed in MSCGDF11 as compared with controls. In an in vivo angiogenesis assay with Matrigel plug, MSCGDF11 showed more differentiation into CD31+ endothelial-like cells and better pro-angiogenic activity as compared with MSCVector . Mechanistically, the enhanced differentiation by GDF11 involved activation of extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (EIF4E). Inhibition of either TGF-β receptor or ERK diminished the effect of GDF11 on MSC differentiation. In summary, our study unveils the function of GDF11 in the pro-angiogenic activities of MSCs by enhancing endothelial differentiation via the TGFβ-R/ERK/EIF4E pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinuo Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhua He
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingping Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dianliang Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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45
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Antao AM, Tyagi A, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Advances in Deubiquitinating Enzyme Inhibition and Applications in Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1579. [PMID: 32549302 PMCID: PMC7352412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), the roles of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have been widely elucidated. The ubiquitination of proteins regulates many aspects of cellular functions such as protein degradation and localization, and also modifies protein-protein interactions. DUBs cleave the attached ubiquitin moieties from substrates and thereby reverse the process of ubiquitination. The dysregulation of these two paramount pathways has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Attempts are being made to identify inhibitors of ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs that potentially have clinical implications in cancer, making them an important target in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, studies in medicine are currently focused on the pharmacological disruption of DUB activity as a rationale to specifically target cancer-causing protein aberrations. Here, we briefly discuss the pathophysiological and physiological roles of DUBs in key cancer-related pathways. We also discuss the clinical applications of promising DUB inhibitors that may contribute to the development of DUBs as key therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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46
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Hua W, Ten Dijke P, Kostidis S, Giera M, Hornsveld M. TGFβ-induced metabolic reprogramming during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2103-2123. [PMID: 31822964 PMCID: PMC7256023 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the most frequent cause of death in cancer patients. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process in which cells lose epithelial integrity and become motile, a critical step for cancer cell invasion, drug resistance and immune evasion. The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling pathway is a major driver of EMT. Increasing evidence demonstrates that metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer and extensive metabolic changes are observed during EMT. The aim of this review is to summarize and interconnect recent findings that illustrate how changes in glycolysis, mitochondrial, lipid and choline metabolism coincide and functionally contribute to TGFβ-induced EMT. We describe TGFβ signaling is involved in stimulating both glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Interestingly, the subsequent metabolic consequences for the redox state and lipid metabolism in cancer cells are found to be in favor of EMT as well. Combined we illustrate that a better understanding of the mechanistic links between TGFβ signaling, cancer metabolism and EMT holds promising strategies for cancer therapy, some of which are already actively being explored in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Hua
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sarantos Kostidis
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Hornsveld
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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47
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Ouahoud S, Hardwick JC, Hawinkels LJ. Extracellular BMP Antagonists, Multifaceted Orchestrators in the Tumor and Its Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113888. [PMID: 32486027 PMCID: PMC7313454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a subgroup of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, are involved in multiple biological processes such as embryonic development and maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis. The importance of a functional BMP pathway is underlined by various diseases, including cancer, which can arise as a consequence of dysregulated BMP signaling. Mutations in crucial elements of this signaling pathway, such as receptors, have been reported to disrupt BMP signaling. Next to that, aberrant expression of BMP antagonists could also contribute to abrogated signaling. In this review we set out to highlight how BMP antagonists affect not only the cancer cells, but also the other cells present in the microenvironment to influence cancer progression.
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48
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Wang F, Wang H, Sun L, Niu C, Xu J. TRIM59 inhibits PPM1A through ubiquitination and activates TGF-β/Smad signaling to promote the invasion of ectopic endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C392-C401. [PMID: 32348176 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00127.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to define the underlying molecular mechanism of tripartite motif (TRIM) 59-induced invasion of ectopic endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis. Primary endometriosis ectopic endometrial stromal cells and normal endometrial cells were isolated and purified. Western blot was used to detect the expression of TRIM59, protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1A (PPM1A), smad2/3, and phosphorylated (p)-smad2/3. Lentiviral vector-mediated TRIM59 interference and overexpression were established. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation, and the Transwell migration assay was used to detect cell invasion. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2), MMP9, smad2/3, and p-smad2/3 expressions were also detected using Western blot analysis; degradation of PPM1A was verified to be through ubiquitination. We found that TRIM59 expression levels in the endometriosis group was significantly higher compared with the normal group (P < 0.05), whereas the expression levels of PPM1A in the endometriosis group were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Endometriosis did not alter smad2/3 (P > 0.05) expression. However, after activating smad2/3 by phosphorylation, the expression of p-smad2/3 in the endometriosis group was significantly higher compared with the normal group (P < 0.05). The content of PPM1A in the TRIM59 overexpression group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.001), whereas the content of PPM1A in the siTRIM59 group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). In addition, there were no significant differences in the mRNA levels of PPM1A among the five groups, indicating that TRIM59 affects the expression of PPM1A at the posttranslational level (P < 0.05). Overexpression of TRIM59 significantly promoted the ubiquitination of PPM1A. We conclude that TRIM59 inhibits PPM1A through ubiquitination and activates the transforming growth factor-β/Smad pathway to promote the invasion of ectopic endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Wang
- Henan Provincial Research Institute for Population and Family Planning, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, National Health Commission, and Key Laboratory of Population Defects Intervention Technology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haili Wang
- Henan Provincial Research Institute for Population and Family Planning, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, National Health Commission, and Key Laboratory of Population Defects Intervention Technology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengling Niu
- Henan Provincial Research Institute for Population and Family Planning, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, National Health Commission, and Key Laboratory of Population Defects Intervention Technology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
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Tsui YM, Chan LK, Ng IOL. Cancer stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and translational potential. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1428-1440. [PMID: 32231294 PMCID: PMC7217836 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stemness, referring to the stem-cell-like phenotype of cancer cells, has been recognised to play important roles in different aspects of hepatocarcinogenesis. A number of well-established cell-surface markers already exist for liver cancer stem cells, with potential new markers of liver cancer stem cells being identified. Both genetic and epigenetic factors that affect various signalling pathways are known to contribute to cancer stemness. In addition, the tumour microenvironment—both physical and cellular—is known to play an important role in regulating cancer stemness, and the potential interaction between cancer stem cells and their microenvironment has provided insight into the regulation of the tumour-initiating ability as well as the cellular plasticity of liver CSCs. Potential specific therapeutic targeting of liver cancer stemness is also discussed. With increased knowledge, effective druggable targets might be identified, with the aim of improving treatment outcome by reducing chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Man Tsui
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lo-Kong Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. .,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Jiang Y, Zhang J, Guo D, Zhang C, Hong L, Huang H, Liu H. Entire ABL1 Gene Deletion Without BCR/ABL1 Rearrangement in a Female Patient with B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:783-790. [PMID: 32158229 PMCID: PMC6986541 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s238336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease characterized by lymphocytic B-line or T-line cells abnormally proliferating in the bone marrow or extramedullary sites. BCR/ABL1 fusion protein in patients with ALL accounts for acts in 15-30% of B-lineage ALL cases, usually in adolescence. However, entire ABL1 gene deletion without BCR/ABL1 rearrangement is a rare phenomenon in ALL patients. Here we describe the first case of entire ABL1 gene deletion without BCR/ABL1 rearrangement in a female B-ALL patient. Relevant literature is reviewed to explain the association between ABL1 deletion and the pathogenesis/prognosis of this disease. ABL gene deletion can repress the activation of p53 and p73, and disrupt TGF-β signaling pathway to allow malignant cells to invade the normal tissue. The clinical significance of ABL gene deletion needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226361, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lemin Hong
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongming Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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