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Xing WQ, Piao XJ, Han Q, Shi HY, Wu WC, Si F, Lu JJ, Zhou TZ, Guo JR, Li SZ, Xu B. SIRT2 regulates high mobility group protein B1 nucleoplasmic shuttle and degradation via deacetylation in microglia. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31364. [PMID: 39129208 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) acts as a pathogenic inflammatory response to mediate ranges of conditions such as epilepsy, septic shock, ischemia, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and mass spectrometry. HMGB1 promotes inflammation during sterile and infectious damage and plays a crucial role in disease development. Mobilization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is the first important step in the release of HMGB1 from activated immune cells. Here, we demonstrated that Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) physically interacts with and deacetylates HMGB1 at 43 lysine residue at nuclear localization signal locations, strengthening its interaction with HMGB1 and causing HMGB1 to be localized in the cytoplasm. These discoveries are the first to shed light on the SIRT2 nucleoplasmic shuttle, which influences HMGB1 and its degradation, hence revealing novel therapeutic targets and avenues for neuroinflammation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qun Xing
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xian-Ji Piao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Qi Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hui-Ying Shi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Wen-Cong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Fan Si
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Lu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Tie-Zhong Zhou
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ru Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shi-Ze Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Duarte M, Pedrosa SS, Khusial PR, Madureira AR. Exploring the interplay between stress mediators and skin microbiota in shaping age-related hallmarks: A review. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 220:111956. [PMID: 38906383 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Psychological stress is a major contributing factor to several health problems (e.g., depression, cardiovascular disease). Around 35 % of the world's population suffers from it, including younger generations. Physiologically, stress manifests through neuroendocrine pathways (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and Sympathetic-Adrenal-Medullary (SAM) system) which culminate in the production of stress mediators like cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Stress and its mediators have been associated to body aging, through molecular mechanisms such as telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis, among others. Regarding its impact in the skin, stress impacts its structural integrity and physiological function. Despite this review focusing on several hallmarks of aging, emphasis was placed on skin microbiota dysbiosis. In this line, several studies, comprising different age groups, demographic contexts and body sites, have reported skin microbiota alterations associated with aging, and some effects of stress mediators on skin microbiota have also been reviewed in this paper. From a different perspective, since it is not a "traditional" stress mediator, oxytocin, a cortisol antagonist, has been related to glucorticoids inhibition and to display positive effects on cellular aging. This hormone dysregulation has been associated to psychological issues such as depression, whereas its upregulation has been linked to positive social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Duarte
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Santos Pedrosa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal
| | - P Raaj Khusial
- Amyris Biotech INC, 5885 Hollis St Ste 100, Emeryville, CA 94608-2405, USA
| | - Ana Raquel Madureira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal.
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Roychowdhury S, Pant B, Cross E, Scheraga R, Vachharajani V. Effect of ethanol exposure on innate immune response in sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:1029-1041. [PMID: 38066660 PMCID: PMC11136611 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder, reported by 1 in 8 critically ill patients, is a risk factor for death in sepsis patients. Sepsis, the leading cause of death, kills over 270,000 patients in the United States alone and remains without targeted therapy. Immune response in sepsis transitions from an early hyperinflammation to persistent inflammation and immunosuppression and multiple organ dysfunction during late sepsis. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogen invasion. Ethanol exposure is known to impair innate and adaptive immune response and bacterial clearance in sepsis patients. Specifically, ethanol exposure is known to modulate every aspect of innate immune response with and without sepsis. Multiple molecular mechanisms are implicated in causing dysregulated immune response in ethanol exposure with sepsis, but targeted treatments have remained elusive. In this article, we outline the effects of ethanol exposure on various innate immune cell types in general and during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Bishnu Pant
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Emily Cross
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Rachel Scheraga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Integrated Hospital-Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195, United States
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Integrated Hospital-Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195, United States
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Chen J, Gao Y, Liu N, Hai D, Wei W, Liu Y, Lan X, Jin X, Yu J, Ma L. Mechanism of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Epilepsy and Related Therapeutic Agents. Neuroscience 2024; 546:157-177. [PMID: 38574797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most widespread and complex diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), affecting approximately 65 million people globally, an important factor resulting in neurological disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and progressive cognitive dysfunction. Medication is the most essential treatment. The currently used drugs have shown drug resistance in some patients and only control symptoms; the development of novel and more efficacious pharmacotherapy is imminent. Increasing evidence suggests neuroinflammation is involved in the occurrence and development of epilepsy, and high expression of NLRP3 inflammasome has been observed in the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) brain tissue of patients and animal models. The inflammasome is a crucial cause of neuroinflammation by activating IL-1β and IL-18. Many preclinical studies have confirmed that regulating NLRP3 inflammasome pathway can prevent the development of epilepsy, reduce the severity of epilepsy, and play a neuroprotective role. Therefore, regulating NLRP3 inflammasome could be a potential target for epilepsy treatment. In summary, this review describes the priming and activation of inflammasome and its biological function in the progression of epilepsy. In addition, we reviewes the current pharmacological researches for epilepsy based on the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, aiming to provide a basis and reference for developing novel antiepileptic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Dongmei Hai
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaobing Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xueqin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Xu L, An T, Jia B, Wu Q, Shen J, Jin J, Liu J, Li C. Histone deacetylase 3-specific inhibitor RGFP966 attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation after traumatic brain injury by activating the Nrf2 pathway. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad062. [PMID: 38708192 PMCID: PMC11069425 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory reactions play pivotal roles in secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) controls the acetylation of histones and non-histones, which has a significant impact on the central nervous system's reaction to damage. This research determined the implications of RGFP966, a new and specific inhibitor of HDAC3, for the antioxidant (AO) systems mediated by nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in TBI. The study also studied the underlying mechanisms of RGFP966's actions. Our objective was to examine the impacts and underlying RGFP966 mechanisms in TBI. Methods In vitro, a rat cortical neuron OS model was induced by H2O2, followed by the addition of RGFP966 to the culture medium. Neurons were collected after 24 h for western blot (WB), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining. In vivo, RGFP966 (10 mg/kg) was administered post-TBI. Brain tissue water content and modified neurological severity scores were assessed 72 h post-injury. Cortical tissues surrounding the focal injury were subjected to western blot, TUNEL staining, Nissl staining and immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry staining, and malondialdehyde level, hindered glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity were measured. Serum was collected for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nrf2-specific shRNA lentivirus was injected into the lateral ventricle of rats for 7 days, and cerebral cortex tissue was analyzed by WB and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results During in vitro and in vivo experiments, RGFP966 suppressed HDAC3 expression, promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation, activated downstream AO enzymes, mitigated excessive reactive oxygen species production and alleviated nerve cell apoptosis. RGFP966 effectively reduced brain edema and histological damage and enhanced neurological and cognitive function in rats with TBI. RGFP966 markedly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation mediated by high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Nrf2 knockdown in TBI rats attenuated the AO and anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective impacts of RGFP966. Conclusions Overall, our findings demonstrate that RGFP966 can mitigate the first brain damage and neurological impairments in TBI. The underlying mechanism involves triggering the Nrf2-mediated AO system and negatively regulating the HMGB1/TLR4-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjuan Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Tingting An
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Baohui Jia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Jinggui Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Chengjian Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
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Wang M, Graner AN, Knowles B, McRae C, Fringuello A, Paucek P, Gavrilovic M, Redwine M, Hanson C, Coughlan C, Metzger B, Bolus V, Kopper T, Smith M, Zhou W, Lenz M, Abosch A, Ojemann S, Lillehei KO, Yu X, Graner MW. A tale of two tumors: differential, but detrimental, effects of glioblastoma extracellular vesicles (EVs) on normal human brain cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.08.588622. [PMID: 38645117 PMCID: PMC11030303 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.08.588622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are dreadful brain tumors with abysmal survival outcomes. GBM EVs dramatically affect normal brain cells (largely astrocytes) constituting the tumor microenvironment (TME). EVs from different patient-derived GBM spheroids induced differential transcriptomic, secretomic, and proteomic effects on cultured astrocytes/brain tissue slices as GBM EV recipients. The net outcome of brain cell differential changes nonetheless converges on increased tumorigenicity. GBM spheroids and brain slices were derived from neurosurgical patient tissues following informed consent. Astrocytes were commercially obtained. EVs were isolated from conditioned culture media by ultrafiltration, ultraconcentration, and ultracentrifugation. EVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy, biochemical markers, and proteomics. Astrocytes/brain tissues were treated with GBM EVs before downstream analyses. EVs from different GBMs induced brain cells to alter secretomes with pro-inflammatory or TME-modifying (proteolytic) effects. Astrocyte responses ranged from anti-viral gene/protein expression and cytokine release to altered extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathways, and conditioned media from EV-treated cells increased GBM cell proliferation. Thus, astrocytes/brain slices treated with different GBM EVs underwent non-identical changes in various 'omics readouts and other assays, indicating "personalized" tumor-specific GBM EV effects on the TME. This raises concern regarding reliance on "model" systems as a sole basis for translational direction. Nonetheless, net downstream impacts from differential cellular and TME effects still led to increased tumorigenic capacities for the different GBMs.
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Raj R, Shen P, Yu B, Zhang J. A patent review on HMGB1 inhibitors for the treatment of liver diseases. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:127-140. [PMID: 38557201 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2338105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HMGB1 is a non-histone chromatin protein released or secreted in response to tissue damage or infection. Extracellular HMGB1, as a crucial immunomodulatory factor, binds with several different receptors to innate inflammatory responses that aggravate acute and chronic liver diseases. The increased levels of HMGB1 have been reported in various liver diseases, highlighting that it represents a potential biomarker and druggable target for therapeutic development. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the current knowledge on the structure, function, and interacting receptors of HMGB1 and its significance in multiple liver diseases. The latest patented and preclinical studies of HMGB1 inhibitors (antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) for liver diseases are summarized by using the keywords 'HMGB1,' 'HMGB1 antagonist, HMGB1-inhibitor,' 'liver disease' in Web of Science, Google Scholar, Google Patents, and PubMed databases in the year from 2017 to 2023. EXPERT OPINIONS In recent years, extensive research on HMGB1-dependent inflammatory signaling has discovered potent inhibitors of HMGB1 to reduce the severity of liver injury. Despite significant progress in the development of HMGB1 antagonists, few of them are approved for clinical treatment of liver-related diseases. Developing safe and effective specific inhibitors for different HMGB1 isoforms and their interaction with receptors is the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Raj
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Shen
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Pluma-Pluma A, García G, Murbartián J. Chronic restraint stress and social transfer of stress produce tactile allodynia mediated by the HMGB1/TNFα/TNFR1 pathway in female and male rats. Physiol Behav 2024; 274:114418. [PMID: 38042454 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the relevance of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in nerve or tissue injury-induced nociception. However, the role of these proteins in chronic stress and social transfer of stress (STS)-induced dysfunctional pain is not entirely known. The aim of this study was to determine the participation of the spinal HMGB1-TNFα signaling pathway and TNFα receptor 1 (TNFR1) in rats subjected to chronic restraint stress (CRS) and STS. Non-stressed female and male rats in contact with CRS rats increased sniffing behavior of the anogenital area, behavior related to STS. Rats subjected to CRS and STS reduced 50 % withdrawal threshold and reached the value of tactile allodynia after 21 days of stress. Rats return to the basal withdrawal threshold after 30 days without stress and return to allodynia values in only 5 days of stress sessions (priming). Female and male rats subjected to 28 days of CRS or STS were intrathecal injected with glycyrrhizin (inhibitor of HMGB1), thalidomide (inhibitor of the TNFα synthesis), and R7050 (TNFR1 antagonist), in all the cases, an antiallodynic effect was observed. Rats under CRS or STS enhanced HMGB1 and TNFR1 protein expression in DRG and dorsal spinal cord. Data suggest that the spinal HMGB1/TNFα/TNFR1 signaling pathway plays a relevant role in the maintenance of CRS and STS-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity in rats. These proteins could be helpful in developing pain treatments for fibromyalgia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pluma-Pluma
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Calzada de los Tenorios 235, Colonia Granjas Coapa, 14330, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe García
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Calzada de los Tenorios 235, Colonia Granjas Coapa, 14330, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janet Murbartián
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Calzada de los Tenorios 235, Colonia Granjas Coapa, 14330, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Seol SI, Davaanyam D, Oh SA, Lee EH, Han PL, Kim SW, Lee JK. Age-Dependent and Aβ-Induced Dynamic Changes in the Subcellular Localization of HMGB1 in Neurons and Microglia in the Brains of an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:189. [PMID: 38247880 PMCID: PMC10814163 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
HMGB1 is a prototypical danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule that co-localizes with amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. HMGB1 levels are significantly higher in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients. However, the cellular and subcellular distribution of HMGB1 in relation to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease has not yet been studied in detail. Here, we investigated whether HMGB1 protein levels in brain tissue homogenates (frontal cortex and striatum) and sera from Tg-APP/PS1 mice, along with its cellular and subcellular localization in those regions, differed. Total HMGB1 levels were increased in the frontal cortices of aged wildtype (7.5 M) mice compared to young (3.5 M) mice, whereas total HMGB1 levels in the frontal cortices of Tg-APP/PS1 mice (7.5 M) were significantly lower than those in age-matched wildtype mice. In contrast, total serum HMGB1 levels were enhanced in aged wildtype (7.5 M) mice and Tg-APP/PS1 mice (7.5 M). Further analysis indicated that nuclear HMGB1 levels in the frontal cortices of Tg-APP/PS1 mice were significantly reduced compared to those in age-matched wildtype controls, and cytosolic HMGB1 levels were also significantly decreased. Triple-fluorescence immunohistochemical analysis indicated that HMGB1 appeared as a ring shape in the cytoplasm of most neurons and microglia in the frontal cortices of 9.5 M Tg-APP/PS1 mice, indicating that nuclear HMGB1 is reduced by aging and in Tg-APP/PS1 mice. Consistent with these observations, Aβ treatment of both primary cortical neuron and primary microglial cultures increased HMGB1 secretion in the media, in an Aβ-dose-dependent manner. Our results indicate that nuclear HMGB1 might be translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in both neurons and microglia in the brains of Tg-APP/PS1 mice, and that it may subsequently be secreted extracellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-I Seol
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.-I.S.); (D.D.); (S.-A.O.)
| | - Dashdulam Davaanyam
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.-I.S.); (D.D.); (S.-A.O.)
| | - Sang-A Oh
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.-I.S.); (D.D.); (S.-A.O.)
| | - Eun-Hwa Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (E.-H.L.); (P.-L.H.)
| | - Pyung-Lim Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (E.-H.L.); (P.-L.H.)
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Inchon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.-I.S.); (D.D.); (S.-A.O.)
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Ye XG, She FZ, Yu DN, Wu LQ, Tang Y, Wu BZ, Dong SW, Dai JM, Zhou X, Liu ZG. Increased expression of NLRP3 associated with elevated levels of HMGB1 in children with febrile seizures: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:44. [PMID: 38218765 PMCID: PMC10787487 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is an endogenous danger signal that mediates activation of the innate immune response including NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and proinflammatory cytokine release. Although HMGB1 and NLRP3 have been implicated in the pathophysiology of seizures, the correlation between HMGB1 and NLRP3 expression has not been determined in children with febrile seizures (FS). To explore the relationship between extra-cellular HMGB1 and NLRP3 in children with FS, we analyzed serum HMGB1, NLRP3, caspase-1, and proinflammatory cytokines in patients with FS. METHODS Thirty children with FS and thirty age-matched febrile controls were included in this study. Blood was obtained from the children with FS within 1 h of the time of the seizure; subsequently, the serum contents of HMGB1, NLRP3, caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Mann‒Whitney U test was used to compare serum cytokine levels between FS patients and controls. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated to detect significant correlations between cytokine levels. RESULTS Serum levels of HMGB1, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly higher in FS patients than in febrile controls (p < 0.05). Serum levels of HMGB1 were significantly correlated with levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 (both, p < 0.05). Serum levels of caspase-1 were significantly correlated with levels of IL-1β (p < 0.05). Serum levels of IL-1β were significantly correlated with levels of IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 is up-regulated in the peripheral serum of FS patients, which may be responsible, at least in part, for the increased expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1. Increased expression of caspase-1 was significantly associated with elevated serum levels of IL-1β. Given that activated Caspase-1 directly regulates the expression of mature IL-1β and positively correlates with activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, our data suggest that increased levels of peripheral HMGB1 possibly mediate IL-1β secretion through the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in children with FS. Thus, both HMGB1 and NLRP3 might be potential targets for preventing or limiting FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Guang Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng-Zhi She
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Ni Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Qian Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ben-Ze Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Wei Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie-Min Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Fronza MG, Ferreira BF, Pavan-Silva I, Guimarães FS, Lisboa SF. "NO" Time in Fear Response: Possible Implication of Nitric-Oxide-Related Mechanisms in PTSD. Molecules 2023; 29:89. [PMID: 38202672 PMCID: PMC10779493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by persistent fear responses and altered neurotransmitter functioning due to traumatic experiences. Stress predominantly affects glutamate, a neurotransmitter crucial for synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Activation of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDAR) can trigger the formation of a complex comprising postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD95), the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and its adaptor protein (NOS1AP). This complex is pivotal in activating nNOS and nitric oxide (NO) production, which, in turn, activates downstream pathways that modulate neuronal signaling, including synaptic plasticity/transmission, inflammation, and cell death. The involvement of nNOS and NOS1AP in the susceptibility of PTSD and its comorbidities has been widely shown. Therefore, understanding the interplay between stress, fear, and NO is essential for comprehending the maintenance and progression of PTSD, since NO is involved in fear acquisition and extinction processes. Moreover, NO induces post-translational modifications (PTMs), including S-nitrosylation and nitration, which alter protein function and structure for intracellular signaling. Although evidence suggests that NO influences synaptic plasticity and memory processing, the specific role of PTMs in the pathophysiology of PTSD remains unclear. This review highlights pathways modulated by NO that could be relevant to stress and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G. Fronza
- Pharmacology Departament, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (M.G.F.); (B.F.F.); (I.P.-S.)
| | - Bruna F. Ferreira
- Pharmacology Departament, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (M.G.F.); (B.F.F.); (I.P.-S.)
| | - Isabela Pavan-Silva
- Pharmacology Departament, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (M.G.F.); (B.F.F.); (I.P.-S.)
| | - Francisco S. Guimarães
- Pharmacology Departament, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (M.G.F.); (B.F.F.); (I.P.-S.)
| | - Sabrina F. Lisboa
- Pharmacology Departament, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (M.G.F.); (B.F.F.); (I.P.-S.)
- Biomolecular Sciences Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
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12
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Moh ESX, Dalal S, Hutchinson MR, Packer NH. Mouse brain glycomics - Insights from exploring the Allen Brain Atlas and the implications for the neuroimmune brain. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:83-90. [PMID: 37394145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Allen Institute Mouse Brain Atlas, with visualisation using the Brain Explorer software, offers a 3-dimensional view of region-specific RNA expression of thousands of mouse genes. In this Viewpoint, we focused on the region-specific expression of genes related to cellular glycosylation, and discuss their relevance towards psychoneuroimmunology. Using specific examples, we show that the Atlas validates existing observations reported by others, identifies previously unknown potential region-specific glycan features, and highlights the need to promote collaborations between glycobiology and psychoneuroimmunology researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S X Moh
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sagar Dalal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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13
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Smith JA, Nguyen T, Davis BC, Lahiri DK, Hato T, Obukhov AG, White FA. Propranolol treatment during repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries induces transcriptomic changes in the bone marrow of mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1219941. [PMID: 37817806 PMCID: PMC10561692 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1219941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are 1.5 million new mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) annually in the US, with many of the injured experiencing long-term consequences lasting months after the injury. Although the post injury mechanisms are not well understood, current knowledge indicates peripheral immune system activation as a causal link between mTBI and long-term side effects. Through a variety of mechanisms, peripheral innate immune cells are recruited to the CNS after TBI to repair and heal the injured tissue; however, the recruitment and activation of these cells leads to further inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity plays a substantial role in the recruitment of immune cells post injury. Methods We sought to identify the peripheral innate immune response after repeated TBIs in addition to repurposing the nonselective beta blocker propranolol as a novel mTBI therapy to limit SNS activity and mTBI pathophysiology in the mouse. Mice underwent repetitive mTBI or sham injury followed by i.p. saline or propranolol. Isolated mRNA derived from femur bone marrow of mice was assayed for changes in gene expression at one day, one week, and four weeks using Nanostring nCounter® stem cell characterization panel. Results Differential gene expression analysis for bone marrow uncovered significant changes in many genes following drug alone, mTBI alone and drug combined with mTBI. Discussion Our data displays changes in mRNA at various timepoints, most pronounced in the mTBI propranolol group, suggesting a single dose propranolol injection as a viable future mTBI therapy in the acute setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Smith
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Tyler Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Brittany C. Davis
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Debomoy K. Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Takashi Hato
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alexander G. Obukhov
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Fletcher A. White
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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14
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Yavuz AY, Baskurt O, Kurtulus Y, Avci I. Prognostic significance of prolonged corrected QT interval in cerebral contusion. Indian J Med Res 2023; 158:175-181. [PMID: 37706372 PMCID: PMC10645032 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3629_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Cerebral contusion (CC) results in a release of catecholamines, autonomic dysfunction and neural stimulation that can lead to a number of cardiac adverse events, so it is critical to determine these. So the objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of electrocardiographic changes, particularly the effects of a prolonged corrected QT (QTc) interval in CC. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 110 patients with CC were evaluated. Age, sex, concomitant diseases, Glasgow Coma Scale on admission, radiological assessment of the contusion (location, size, course and presence of cerebral oedema), need for surgical intervention, length of hospital stay and the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS-E) were statistically analysed within the QTc interval by routine electrocardiography (ECG) on admission. Results The prolonged QTc interval was found to be associated with a higher incidence of cerebral oedema and a significantly higher risk of needing surgery. Patients with a prolonged QTc interval had a significantly larger contusion volume, greater midline shift and longer hospital stay, so their GOS-E score was significantly lower. A prolonged QTc interval on admission resulted in a hospital stay of more than eight days (sensitivity: 0.97 and specificity: 0.86), a higher risk of midline shift of more than 0.45 cm (P=0.006, sensitivity: 0.80 and specificity: 0.99) and a GOS-E score of <7 (sensitivity: 0.97 and specificity: 0.85). Interpretation & conclusions ECG changes on admission showing a prolonged QTc interval have prognostic significance in CC. This simple and easily applicable information should be taken into consideration at the time of clinical decision making which may prevent an adverse events survivor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yasin Yavuz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozan Baskurt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kiziltepe Public Hospital, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Yunus Kurtulus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adiyaman Training and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Idris Avci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Spine Center, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Kitaoka S, Tomohiro A, Ukeshima S, Liu K, Wake H, Kimura SH, Yamamoto Y, Nishibori M, Furuyashiki T. Repeated Social Defeat Stress Induces HMGB1 Nuclear Export in Prefrontal Neurons, Leading to Social Avoidance in Mice. Cells 2023; 12:1789. [PMID: 37443823 PMCID: PMC10340449 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been associated with depression, and innate immune receptors, such as the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4 in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), are crucial for chronic stress-induced depression-related behaviors in mice. HMGB1, a putative ligand for TLR2/4, has been suggested to promote depression-related behaviors under acute stress. However, the roles of endogenous HMGB1 under chronic stress remain to be investigated. Here, we found that the cerebroventricular infusion of HMGB1 proteins blocked stress-induced social avoidance and that HMGB1-neutralizing antibodies augmented repeated social defeat stress-induced social avoidance in mice, suggesting the antidepressive-like effect of HMGB1 in the brain. By contrast, the infusion of HMGB1-neutralizing antibodies to the mPFC and HMGB1 knockout in α-CaMKII-positive forebrain neurons attenuated the social avoidance, suggesting the pro-depressive-like effect of HMGB1 released from prefrontal neurons under chronic stress. In addition, repeated social defeat stress induced HMGB1 nuclear export selectively in mPFC neurons, which was abolished in the mice lacking RAGE, one of HMGB1 receptors, suggesting the positive feedback loop of HMGB1-RAGE signaling under chronic stress. These findings pave the way for identifying multiple roles of HMGB1 in the brain for chronic stress and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Kitaoka
- Division of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.T.); (S.U.)
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
| | - Ayaka Tomohiro
- Division of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.T.); (S.U.)
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Ukeshima
- Division of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.T.); (S.U.)
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Keyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Shinya H. Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Translational Research and Drug Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Tomoyuki Furuyashiki
- Division of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.T.); (S.U.)
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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16
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Banks WA, Hansen KM, Erickson MA, Crews FT. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) crosses the BBB bidirectionally. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:386-394. [PMID: 37146655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous protein that regulates transcription in the nucleus, and is an endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern molecule that activates the innate immune system. HMGB1 activates the TLR4 and RAGE recepto, inducing downstream signals reminiscent of cytokines that have been found to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Blood HMGB1 increases in stroke, sepsis, senescence, alcohol binge drinking and other conditions. Here, we examined the ability of HMGB1 radioactively labeled with iodine (I-HMGB1) to cross the BBB. We found that I-HMGB1 readily entered into mouse brain from the circulation with a unidirectional influx rate of 0.654 μl/g-min. All brain regions tested took up I-HMGB1; uptake was greatest by the olfactory bulb and least in the striatum. Transport was not reliably inhibited by unlabeled HMGB1 nor by inhibitors of TLR4, TLR2, RAGE, or CXCR4. Uptake was enhanced by co-injection of wheatgerm agglutinin, suggestive of involvement of absorptive transcytosis as a mechanism of transport. Induction of inflammation/neuroinflammation with lipopolysaccharide is known to increase blood HMGB1; we report here that brain transport is also increased by LPS-induced inflammation. Finally, we found that I-HMGB1 was also transported in the brain-to-blood direction, with both unlabeled HMGB1 or lipopolysaccharide increasing the transport rate. These results show that HMGB1 can bidirectionally cross the BBB and that those transport rates are enhanced by inflammation. Such transport provides a mechanism by which HMGB1 levels would impact neuroimmune signaling in both the brain and periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Banks
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, US State; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, US State.
| | - Kim M Hansen
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, US State; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, US State
| | - Michelle A Erickson
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, US State; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, US State
| | - Fulton T Crews
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, US State
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17
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Huang X, Wang B, Yang J, Lian YJ, Yu HZ, Wang YX. HMGB1 in depression: An overview of microglial HMBG1 in the pathogenesis of depression. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 30:100641. [PMID: 37288063 PMCID: PMC10242493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder with elusive pathogenesis. Studies have proposed that enhancement and persistence of aseptic inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) may be closely associated with the development of depressive disorder. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has obtained significant attention as an evoking and regulating factor in various inflammation-related diseases. It is a non-histone DNA-binding protein that can be released as a pro-inflammatory cytokine by glial cells and neurons in the CNS. Microglia, as the immune cell of the brain, interacts with HMGB1 and induces neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS. Therefore, in the current review, we aim to investigate the role of microglial HMGB1 in the pathogenetic process of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Nautical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Nautical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Occupational Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong-Jie Lian
- Department of Nautical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hong-Zhang Yu
- Department of Nautical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yun-Xia Wang
- Department of Nautical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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18
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Corrigan M, O'Rourke A, Moran B, Fletcher J, Harkin A. Inflammation in the pathogenesis of depression: a disorder of neuroimmune origin. Neuronal Signal 2023; 7:NS20220054. [PMID: 37457896 PMCID: PMC10345431 DOI: 10.1042/ns20220054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several hypotheses concerning the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of major depression, which centre largely around adaptive changes in neuronal transmission and plasticity, neurogenesis, and circuit and regional connectivity. The immune and endocrine systems are commonly implicated in driving these changes. An intricate interaction of stress hormones, innate immune cells and the actions of soluble mediators of immunity within the nervous system is described as being associated with the symptoms of depression. Bridging endocrine and immune processes to neurotransmission and signalling within key cortical and limbic brain circuits are critical to understanding depression as a disorder of neuroimmune origins. Emergent areas of research include a growing recognition of the adaptive immune system, advances in neuroimaging techniques and mechanistic insights gained from transgenic animals. Elucidation of glial-neuronal interactions is providing additional avenues into promising areas of research, the development of clinically relevant disease models and the discovery of novel therapies. This narrative review focuses on molecular and cellular mechanisms that are influenced by inflammation and stress. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of our current understanding of depression as a disorder of neuroimmune origin, focusing on neuroendocrine and neuroimmune dysregulation in depression pathophysiology. Advances in current understanding lie in pursuit of relevant biomarkers, as the potential of biomarker signatures to improve clinical outcomes is yet to be fully realised. Further investigations to expand biomarker panels including integration with neuroimaging, utilising individual symptoms to stratify patients into more homogenous subpopulations and targeting the immune system for new treatment approaches will help to address current unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles Corrigan
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Transpharmation Ireland, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife M. O'Rourke
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biosciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barry Moran
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biosciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean M. Fletcher
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biosciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Harkin
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Rodríguez-Palma EJ, Velazquez-Lagunas I, Salinas-Abarca AB, Vidal-Cantú GC, Escoto-Rosales MJ, Castañeda-Corral G, Fernández-Guasti A, Granados-Soto V. Spinal alarmin HMGB1 and the activation of TLR4 lead to chronic stress-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity in rodents. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175804. [PMID: 37244377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress affects millions of people around the world, and it can trigger different behavioral disorders like nociceptive hypersensitivity and anxiety, among others. However, the mechanisms underlaying these chronic stress-induced behavioral disorders have not been yet elucidated. This study was designed to understand the role of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in chronic stress-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity. Chronic restraint stress induced bilateral tactile allodynia, anxiety-like behaviors, phosphorylation of ERK and p38MAPK and activation of spinal microglia. Moreover, chronic stress enhanced HMGB1 and TLR4 protein expression at the dorsal root ganglion, but not at the spinal cord. Intrathecal injection of HMGB1 or TLR4 antagonists reduced tactile allodynia and anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic stress. Additionally, deletion of TLR4 diminished the establishment of chronic stress-induced tactile allodynia in male and female mice. Lastly, the antiallodynic effect of HMGB1 and TLR4 antagonists were similar in stressed male and female rats and mice. Our results suggest that chronic restraint stress induces nociceptive hypersensitivity, anxiety-like behaviors, and up-regulation of spinal HMGB1 and TLR4 expression. Blockade of HMGB1 and TLR4 reverses chronic restraint stress-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors and restores altered HMGB1 and TLR4 expression. The antiallodynic effects of HMGB1 and TLR4 blockers in this model are sex independent. TLR4 could be a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of the nociceptive hypersensitivity associated with widespread chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick J Rodríguez-Palma
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Velazquez-Lagunas
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Belen Salinas-Abarca
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe C Vidal-Cantú
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María J Escoto-Rosales
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Vinicio Granados-Soto
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico.
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20
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Yin XY, Tang XH, Wang SX, Zhao YC, Jia M, Yang JJ, Ji MH, Shen JC. HMGB1 mediates synaptic loss and cognitive impairment in an animal model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:69. [PMID: 36906561 PMCID: PMC10007818 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation is one of the essential pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Mounting evidence suggests that high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) plays a pivotal role in neuroinflammation and SAE, yet the mechanism by which HMGB1 induces cognitive impairment in SAE remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism of HMGB1 underlying cognitive impairment in SAE. METHODS An SAE model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP); animals in the sham group underwent cecum exposure alone without ligation and perforation. Mice in the inflachromene (ICM) group were continuously injected with ICM intraperitoneally at a daily dose of 10 mg/kg for 9 days starting 1 h before the CLP operation. The open field, novel object recognition, and Y maze tests were performed on days 14-18 after surgery to assess locomotor activity and cognitive function. HMGB1 secretion, the state of microglia, and neuronal activity were measured by immunofluorescence. Golgi staining was performed to detect changes in neuronal morphology and dendritic spine density. In vitro electrophysiology was performed to detect changes in long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 of the hippocampus. In vivo electrophysiology was performed to detect the changes in neural oscillation of the hippocampus. RESULTS CLP-induced cognitive impairment was accompanied by increased HMGB1 secretion and microglial activation. The phagocytic capacity of microglia was enhanced, resulting in aberrant pruning of excitatory synapses in the hippocampus. The loss of excitatory synapses reduced neuronal activity, impaired LTP, and decreased theta oscillation in the hippocampus. Inhibiting HMGB1 secretion by ICM treatment reversed these changes. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 induces microglial activation, aberrant synaptic pruning, and neuron dysfunction in an animal model of SAE, leading to cognitive impairment. These results suggest that HMGB1 might be a target for SAE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Shi-Xu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yong-Chang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Mu-Huo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China.
| | - Jin-Chun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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21
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Wu C, Song L. Natural peptides for immunological regulation in cancer therapy: Mechanism, facts and perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114257. [PMID: 36689836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer incidence and mortality rates are increasing annually. Treatment with surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) is unsatisfactory because many patients have advanced disease at the initial diagnosis. However, the emergence of immunotherapy promises to be an effective strategy to improve the outcome of advanced tumors. Immune checkpoint antibodies, which are at the forefront of immunotherapy, have had significant success but still leave some cancer patients without benefit. For more cancer patients to benefit from immunotherapy, it is necessary to find new drugs and combination therapeutic strategies to improve the outcome of advanced cancer patients and achieve long-term tumor control or even eradication. Peptides are promising choices for tumor immunotherapy drugs because they have the advantages of low production cost, high sequence selectivity, high tissue permeability, low toxicity and low immunogenicity etc., and the adjuvant matching and technologies like nanotechnology can further optimize the effects of peptides. In this review, we present the current status and mechanisms of research on peptides targeting multiple immune cells (T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T cells (Tregs)) and immune checkpoints in tumor immunotherapy; and we summarize the current status of research on peptide-based tumor immunotherapy in combination with other therapies including RT, chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapy, cytokine therapy, adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and cancer vaccines. Finally, we discuss the current status of peptide applications in mRNA vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Zhang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Chenxin Liu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China.
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22
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Pate BS, Bouknight SJ, Harrington EN, Mott SE, Augenblick LM, Smiley CE, Morgan CG, Calatayud BM, Martínez-Muñiz GA, Thayer JF, Wood SK. Site-Specific knockdown of microglia in the locus coeruleus regulates hypervigilant responses to social stress in female rats. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:190-203. [PMID: 36682513 PMCID: PMC11195023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are at increased risk for psychosocial stress-related anxiety disorders, yet mechanisms regulating this risk are unknown. Psychosocial stressors activate microglia, and the resulting neuroimmune responses that females exhibit heightened sensitivity to may serve as an etiological factor in their elevated risk. However, studies examining the role of microglia during stress in females are lacking. METHODS Microglia were manipulated in the stress-sensitive locus coeruleus (LC) of female rats in the context of social stress in two ways. First, intra-LC lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0 or 3 μg/side, n = 5-6/group), a potent TLR4 agonist and microglial activator, was administered. One hour later, rats were exposed to control or an aggressive social defeat encounter between two males (WS, 15-min). In a separate study, females were treated with intra-LC or intra-central amygdala mannosylated liposomes containing clodronate (m-CLD; 0 or 25 μg/side, n = 13-14/group), a compound toxic to microglia. WS-evoked burying, cardiovascular responses, and sucrose preference were measured. Brain and plasma cytokines were quantified, and cardiovascular telemetry assessed autonomic balance. RESULTS Intra-LC LPS augmented the WS-induced burying response and increased plasma corticosterone and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Further, the efficacy and selectivity of microinjected m-CLD was fully characterized. In the context of WS, intra-LC m-CLD attenuated the hypervigilant burying response during WS as well as the accumulation of intra-LC IL-1β. Intra-central amygdala m-CLD had no effect on WS-evoked behavior. CONCLUSIONS These studies highlight an innovative method for depleting microglia in a brain region specific manner and indicate that microglia in the LC differentially regulate hypervigilant WS-evoked behavioral and autonomic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany S Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Samantha J Bouknight
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Evelynn N Harrington
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sarah E Mott
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Lee M Augenblick
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Cora E Smiley
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA; WJB Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Christopher G Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Brittney M Calatayud
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Gustavo A Martínez-Muñiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Susan K Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA; WJB Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA.
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23
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Vakili B, Jahanian-Najafabadi A. Application of Antimicrobial Peptides in the Design and Production of Anticancer Agents. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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24
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von Mücke-Heim IA, Deussing JM. The P2X7 receptor in mood disorders: Emerging target in immunopsychiatry, from bench to bedside. Neuropharmacology 2023; 224:109366. [PMID: 36470368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are among the most burdensome disorders worldwide. Though therapies have evolved over the last decades, treatment resistance still affects many patients. Recently, neuroimmune systems have been identified as important factors of mood disorder biology. The underlying dysregulation in neuroimmune cross-talk is driven by genetic risk factors and accumulating adverse environmental influences like chronic psychosocial stress. These result in a cluster of proinflammatory cytokines and quantitative and functional changes of immune cell populations (e.g., microglia, monocytes, T cells), varying by disease entity and state. Among the emerging immune targets, purinergic signalling revolving around the membranous and ATP specific P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has gained wider attention and clinical studies making use of antagonistic drugs are on-going. Still, no clinically meaningful applications have been identified so far. A major problem is the often overly simplified approach taken to translate findings from bench to bedside. Therefore, the present review focuses on purinergic signalling via P2X7R in the context of recent advances in immunopsychiatric mood disorder research. Our aim is to provide an overview of the current P2X7R-related findings, from bench to bedside. First, we summarize the characteristics of purinergic signalling and P2X7R, followed by a depiction of genetic and clinical data connecting P2X7R to mood disorders. We close with our perspective on current developments and discuss changes necessary to translate the evident potential of P2X7R signalling modulation into meaningful clinical application. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Purinergic Signaling: 50 years'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan M Deussing
- Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany.
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25
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Yao XP, Ye J, Feng T, Jiang FC, Zhou P, Wang F, Chen JG, Wu PF. Adaptor protein MyD88 confers the susceptibility to stress via amplifying immune danger signals. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:204-220. [PMID: 36496170 PMCID: PMC9726649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the pathogenic role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric diseases, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and neuropsychiatric symptoms of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the precise mechanism and therapeutic strategy are poorly understood. Here, we report that myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), a pivotal adaptor that bridges toll-like receptors to their downstream signaling by recruiting the signaling complex called 'myddosome', was up-regulated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) after exposure to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein. The inducible expression of MyD88 in the mPFC primed neuroinflammation and conferred stress susceptibility via amplifying immune danger signals, such as high-mobility group box 1 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Overexpression of MyD88 aggravated, whereas knockout or pharmacological inhibition of MyD88 ameliorated CSDS-induced depressive-like behavior. Notably, TJ-M2010-5, a novel synthesized targeting inhibitor of MyD88 dimerization, alleviated both CSDS- and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced depressive-like behavior. Taken together, our findings indicate that inhibiting MyD88 signaling represents a promising therapeutic strategy for stress-related mental disorders, such as MDD and COVID-19-related neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Ping Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng-Chao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, 430030 Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, 430030 Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, 430030 Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China.
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26
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Chaves AJM, Jucá PM, Soares MVR, de Oliveira CA, de Sousa RC, Lós DB, Russo RC, Yaochite JNU, Macedo DS. In vitro immunogenic profile of recombinant SARS-CoV2 S1-RBD peptide in murine macrophage and microglial cells. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e220144. [PMID: 37018795 PMCID: PMC10065410 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants can infect common mice inducing significant pathological lung lesions and inflammatory responses. This substantially mimics coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection and pathogenesis in humans. OBJECTIVES To characterise the effects of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S1 receptor-binding domain (RBD) peptide in murine macrophage and microglial cells’ immune activation compared with classical PAMPs in vitro. METHODS Murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and BV2 microglial cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of the RBD peptide (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 µg/mL), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Poly(I:C) and evaluated after two and 24 h for significant markers of macrophage activation. We determined the effects of RBD peptide on cell viability, cleaved caspase 3 expressions, and nuclear morphometry analysis. FINDINGS In RAW cells, RBD peptide was cytotoxic, but not for BV2 cells. RAW cells presented increased arginase activity and IL-10 production; however, BV2 cells expressed iNOS and IL-6 after RBD peptide exposure. In addition, RAW cells increased cleaved-caspase-3, apoptosis, and mitotic catastrophe after RBD peptide stimulation but not BV2 cells. CONCLUSION RBD peptide exposure has different effects depending on the cell line, exposure time, and concentration. This study brings new evidence about the immunogenic profile of RBD in macrophage and microglial cells, advancing the understanding of SARS-Cov2 immuno- and neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano José Maia Chaves
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Paloma Marinho Jucá
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Michelle Verde Ramo Soares
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Caio Andrade de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Raul Cavalcante de Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Deniele Bezerra Lós
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Remo Castro Russo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Juliana Navarro Ueda Yaochite
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Danielle S Macedo
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
- + Corresponding author: /
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27
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Gurram PC, Satarker S, Nassar A, Mudgal J, Nampoothiri M. Virtual structure-based docking and molecular dynamics of FDA-approved drugs for the identification of potential IKKB inhibitors possessing dopaminergic activity in Alzheimer’s disease. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn Alzheimer's disease (AD), neuroinflammation is detrimental in causing neurodegeneration. In the central nervous system, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta (IKK2/IKKβ/IKKB/IKBKB) signaling is linked to neuroinflammation-mediated learning and memory deficits through canonical pathway, while dopamine agonists have been known to reverse such effects. Our in silico analysis predicted if dopaminergic agonists could have IKKB inhibitory actions, to ameliorate neuroinflammation-associated learning and memory deficits. Here, the FDA-approved Zinc 15 database was screened with IKKB (PDB ID 4KIK). Potential molecules with IKKB inhibition were identified through docking, which also possessed dopaminergic activity. Molecular mechanics—generalized Born and surface area (MMGBSA), induced fit docking (IFD) and molecular dynamic (MD) studies of 100 ns simulation time were done. Apomorphine and rotigotine showed greater non-bonding and bonding interactions with amino acids of IKKB as compared to Aripiprazole in docking studies. The IFD studies predicted improved interactions with IKKB. MMGBSA scores indicated that the complex binding free energies were favorable, and MD studies showed an acceptable root mean square deviation between protein and ligands. The protein–ligand interactions showed hydrogen bonds, water and salt bridges necessary for IKKB inhibition, as well as solvent system stability. On the protein–ligand contact map, the varying color band intensities represented the ligand’s ability to bind with amino acids. Dopamine agonists apomorphine, rotigotine, and aripiprazole were predicted to bind and inhibit IKKB in in silico system.
Graphical Abstract
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28
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Li XL, Wang S, Tang CY, Ma HW, Cheng ZZ, Zhao M, Sun WJ, Wang XF, Wang MY, Li TF, Qi XL, Zhou J, Luan GM, Guan YG. Translocation of High Mobility Group Box 1 From the Nucleus to the Cytoplasm in Depressed Patients With Epilepsy. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221136662. [PMID: 36383501 PMCID: PMC9677174 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221136662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric comorbidity in patients with epilepsy, especially those with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The aim of this study was to assess changes in high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) expression in epileptic patients with and without comorbid depression. Sixty patients with drug-resistant TLE who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy were enrolled. Anterior hippocampal samples were collected after surgery and analyzed by immunofluorescence (n = 7/group). We also evaluated the expression of HMGB1 in TLE patients with hippocampal sclerosis and measured the level of plasma HMGB1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that 28.3% of the patients (17/60) had comorbid depression. HMGB1 was ubiquitously expressed in all subregions of the anterior hippocampus. The ratio of HMGB1-immunoreactive neurons and astrocytes was significantly increased in both TLE patients with hippocampal sclerosis and TLE patients with comorbid depression compared to patients with TLE only. The ratio of cytoplasmic to nuclear HMGB1-positive neurons in the hippocampus was higher in depressed patients with TLE than in nondepressed patients, which suggested that more HMGB1 translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the depressed group. There was no significant difference in the plasma level of HMGB1 among patients with TLE alone, TLE with hippocampal sclerosis, and TLE with comorbid depression. The results of the study revealed that the translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in hippocampal neurons may play a previously unrecognized role in the initiation and amplification of epilepsy and comorbid depression. The direct targeting of neural HMGB1 is a promising approach for anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong-Yang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Wei Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Zhang Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Yang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Beijing, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ling Qi
- Department of Pathology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Ming Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Beijing, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Guang Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Beijing, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Mao D, Zheng Y, Xu F, Han X, Zhao H. HMGB1 in nervous system diseases: A common biomarker and potential therapeutic target. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1029891. [PMID: 36388178 PMCID: PMC9659947 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1029891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein associated with early inflammatory changes upon extracellular secretion expressed in various cells, including neurons and microglia. With the progress of research, neuroinflammation is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases such as Parkinson's, epilepsy, and autism. As a key promoter of neuroinflammation, HMGB1 is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, autism, depression, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, in the clinic, HMGB1 has not been described as a biomarker for the above-mentioned diseases. However, the current preclinical research results show that HMGB1 antagonists have positive significance in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and other diseases. This review discusses the possible mechanisms by which HMGB1 mediates Parkinson's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, autism, depression, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the potential of HMGB1 as a biomarker for these diseases. Future research needs to further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fenfen Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyang Zhao
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Nie Z, Tan L, Niu J, Wang B. The role of regulatory necrosis in traumatic brain injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1005422. [PMID: 36329694 PMCID: PMC9622788 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1005422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the population worldwide, of which key injury mechanism involving the death of nerve cells. Many recent studies have shown that regulatory necrosis is involved in the pathological process of TBI which includes necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, and Cyclophilin D (CypD) mediated necrosis. Therefore, targeting the signaling pathways involved in regulatory necrosis may be an effective strategy to reduce the secondary injury after TBI. Meanwhile, drugs or genes are used as interference factors in various types of regulatory necrosis, so as to explore the potential treatment methods for the secondary injury after TBI. This review summarizes the current progress on regulatory necrosis in TBI.
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31
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Lu R, Zhang L, Yang X. Interaction between autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1018848. [PMID: 36262883 PMCID: PMC9574200 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1018848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy degrades phagocytosed damaged organelles, misfolded proteins, and various pathogens through lysosomes as an essential way to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy is a tightly regulated cellular self-degradation process that plays a crucial role in maintaining normal cellular function and homeostasis in the body. The NLRP3 inflammasome in neuroinflammation is a vital recognition receptor in innate cellular immunity, sensing external invading pathogens and endogenous stimuli and further triggering inflammatory responses. The NLRP3 inflammasome forms an inflammatory complex by recognizing DAMPS or PAMPS, and its activation triggers caspase-1-mediated cleavage of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 to promote the inflammatory response. In recent years, it has been reported that there is a complex interaction between autophagy and neuroinflammation. Strengthening autophagy can regulate the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome to reduce neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disease and protect neurons. However, the related mechanism is not entirely clear. The formation of protein aggregates is one of the standard features of Neurodegenerative diseases. A large number of toxic protein aggregates can induce inflammation. In theory, activation of the autophagy pathway can remove the potential toxicity of protein aggregates and delay the progression of the disease. This article aims to review recent research on the interaction of autophagy, NLRP3 inflammasome, and protein aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), analyze the mechanism and provide theoretical references for further research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease Research, Ürümqi, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease Research, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease Research, Ürümqi, China
- *Correspondence: Xinling Yang,
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Hu S, Chen Y, Huang S, Liu M, Liu Y, Huang S. Sodium Danshensu protects against oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced astrocytes injury through regulating NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and tuberous sclerosis complex-2 (TSC2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1097. [PMID: 36388798 PMCID: PMC9652549 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemic stroke is a serious condition with high incidence, mortality, and associated disability. Currently, effective therapeutic options are available for ischemic stroke are limited. Accumulating evidence indicates that sodium Danshensu, mono sodium compound derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza, plays protective roles in ischemic stroke. However, the underlying protective mechanism of sodium Danshensu in cerebral ischemic stroke remains unknown. METHODS In the current study, we explored the role and mechanism of sodium Danshensu on astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), which mimics the process of ischemia-reperfusion. The impact of sodium Danshensu on cell viability and apoptosis after OGD/R were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dophenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to detect the expression of target messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins associated with apoptosis and autophagy. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was determined, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS It was found that sodium Danshensu could significantly increase cell viability and decrease LDH release and apoptosis. Besides, it inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. Sodium Danshensu also dose-dependently decreased protein and mRNA levels of nucleotide binding oligomerization NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which play a crucial role in promoting ischemic stroke-induced cell injury. Moreover, sodium Danshensu dose-dependently upregulated Beclin 1 expression, downregulated P62 protein expression, and further increased LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio through inducing autophagy in astrocytes. Additionally, we noticed that sodium Danshensu dose-dependently increased tuberous sclerosis complex-2 (TSC2) protein expression, while significantly reduced the levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the presence of OGD/R insult. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that sodium Danshensu protects against OGD/R-induced injury by modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and TSC2/mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhao Hu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingli Chen
- Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Shipeng Huang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shaofang Huang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Polsky LR, Rentscher KE, Carroll JE. Stress-induced biological aging: A review and guide for research priorities. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 104:97-109. [PMID: 35661679 PMCID: PMC10243290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic adverse conditions, and the resultant activation of the neurobiological response cascade, has been associated with an increased risk of early onset of age-related disease and, recently, with an older biological age. This body of research has led to the hypothesis that exposure to stressful life experiences, when occurring repeatedly or over a prolonged period, may accelerate the rate at which the body ages. The mechanisms through which chronic psychosocial stress influences distinct biological aging pathways to alter rates of aging likely involve multiple layers in the physiological-molecular network. In this review, we integrate research using animal, human, and in vitro models to begin to delineate the distinct pathways through which chronic psychosocial stress may impact biological aging, as well as the neuroendocrine mediators (i.e., norepinephrine, epinephrine, and glucocorticoids) that may drive these effects. Findings highlight key connections between stress and aging, namely cellular metabolic activity, DNA damage, telomere length, cellular senescence, and inflammatory response patterns. We conclude with a guiding framework and conceptual model that outlines the most promising biological pathways by which chronic adverse conditions could accelerate aging and point to key missing gaps in knowledge where future research could best answer these pressing questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian R Polsky
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Kelly E Rentscher
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States.
| | - Judith E Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
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Voigt RM, Zalta AK, Raeisi S, Zhang L, Brown JM, Forsyth CB, Boley RA, Held P, Pollack MH, Keshavarzian A. Abnormal intestinal milieu in posttraumatic stress disorder is not impacted by treatment that improves symptoms. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G61-G70. [PMID: 35638693 PMCID: PMC9291416 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00066.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder, resulting from exposure to traumatic events. Current recommended first-line interventions for the treatment of PTSD include evidence-based psychotherapies, such as cognitive processing therapy (CPT). Psychotherapies are effective for reducing PTSD symptoms, but approximately two-thirds of veterans continue to meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD after treatment, suggesting there is an incomplete understanding of what factors sustain PTSD. The intestine can influence the brain and this study evaluated intestinal readouts in subjects with PTSD. Serum samples from controls without PTSD (n = 40) from the Duke INTRuST Program were compared with serum samples from veterans with PTSD (n = 40) recruited from the Road Home Program at Rush University Medical Center. Assessments included microbial metabolites, intestinal barrier, and intestinal epithelial cell function. In addition, intestinal readouts were assessed in subjects with PTSD before and after a 3-wk CPT-based intensive treatment program (ITP) to understand if treatment impacts the intestine. Compared with controls, veterans with PTSD had a proinflammatory intestinal environment including lower levels of microbiota-derived metabolites, such as acetic, lactic, and succinic acid, intestinal barrier dysfunction [lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein], an increase in HMGB1, and a concurrent increase in the number of intestinal epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles. The ITP improved PTSD symptoms but no changes in intestinal outcomes were noted. This study confirms the intestine is abnormal in subjects with PTSD and suggests that effective treatment of PTSD does not alter intestinal readouts. Targeting beneficial changes in the intestine may be an approach to enhance existing PTSD treatments.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study confirms an abnormal intestinal environment is present in subjects with PTSD. This study adds to what is already known by examining the intestinal barrier and evaluating the relationship between intestinal readouts and PTSD symptoms and is the first to report the impact of PTSD treatment (which improves symptoms) on intestinal readouts. This study suggests that targeting the intestine as an adjunct approach could improve the treatment of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Voigt
- Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alyson K Zalta
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shohreh Raeisi
- Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Christopher B Forsyth
- Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Randy A Boley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Philip Held
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark H Pollack
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Fernández-Arjona MDM, León-Rodríguez A, Grondona JM, López-Ávalos MD. Microbial neuraminidase induces TLR4-dependent long-term immune priming in the brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:945229. [PMID: 35966200 PMCID: PMC9366060 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.945229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune memory explains the plasticity of immune responses after repeated immune stimulation, leading to either enhanced or suppressed immune responses. This process has been extensively reported in peripheral immune cells and also, although modestly, in the brain. Here we explored two relevant aspects of brain immune priming: its persistence over time and its dependence on TLR receptors. For this purpose, we used an experimental paradigm consisting in applying two inflammatory stimuli three months apart. Wild type, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR2 mutant strains were used. The priming stimulus was the intracerebroventricular injection of neuraminidase (an enzyme that is present in various pathogens able to provoke brain infections), which triggers an acute inflammatory process in the brain. The second stimulus was the intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (a TLR4 ligand) or Pam3CSK4 (a TLR2 ligand). One day after the second inflammatory challenge the immune response in the brain was examined. In wild type mice, microglial and astroglial density, as well as the expression of 4 out of 5 pro-inflammatory genes studied (TNFα, IL1β, Gal-3, and NLRP3), were increased in mice that received the double stimulus compared to those exposed only to the second one, which were initially injected with saline instead of neuraminidase. Such enhanced response suggests immune training in the brain, which lasts at least 3 months. On the other hand, TLR2 mutants under the same experimental design displayed an enhanced immune response quite similar to that of wild type mice. However, in TLR4 mutant mice the response after the second immune challenge was largely dampened, indicating the pivotal role of this receptor in the establishment of immune priming. Our results demonstrate that neuraminidase-induced inflammation primes an enhanced immune response in the brain to a subsequent immune challenge, immune training that endures and that is largely dependent on TLR4 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Fernández-Arjona
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de investigación en Neuropsicofarmacología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana León-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Grondona
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Dolores López-Ávalos
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- *Correspondence: María Dolores López-Ávalos
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Wu H, Bao H, Liu C, Zhang Q, Huang A, Quan M, Li C, Xiong Y, Chen G, Hou L. Extracellular Nucleosomes Accelerate Microglial Inflammation via C-Type Lectin Receptor 2D and Toll-Like Receptor 9 in mPFC of Mice With Chronic Stress. Front Immunol 2022; 13:854202. [PMID: 35844599 PMCID: PMC9276970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.854202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are the primary promoter of progressive neuroinflammation and are associated with chronic stress-related emotional disorders. The present study investigated the role and mechanism of extracellular nucleosomes and histones, the newly defined DAMPs, in mice with chronic stress. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and corticosterone drinking, respectively, for 4 weeks. Negative emotional behaviors were comprehensively investigated. Microglial morphology, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as C-type lectin receptor 2D (Clec2d) and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) expression in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were assessed with flow cytometer and cell sorting. Specifically, microglial pro-inflammatory activation and inflammation were further investigated with stereotactic injection of recombinant nucleosomes and histones in mPFC and further evaluated with AAV-Clec2d knocking-down, DNase I, and activated protein C (APC) pretreatment. Moreover, the rescue effect by AAV-Clec2d knocking-down was observed in mice with chronic stress. Mice with chronic stress were presented as obviously depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors and accompanied with significant microglial oxidative stress and inflammation, indicating by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, primed nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, activated NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain–containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and upregulated Clec2d and TLR9 in mPFC, together with histones dictation in cerebrospinal fluid and extracellular trap formation. Stereotactic injection of nucleosomes was contributed to promote microglial inflammation rather than histones in mPFC, indicating that the pro-inflammatory role was derived from extracellular histones-bound DNA but not freely histones. AAV-Clec2d knocking-down, DNase I, and APC were all effective to inhibit nucleosome-induced microglial oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, AAV-Clec2d knocking-down in mice with chronic stress exhibited reduced microglial inflammation and improved negative emotional behaviors. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of DAMP-associated inflammation that extracellular nucleosomes accelerate microglial inflammation via Clec2d and TLR9, and then contribute to chronic stress-induced emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanghui Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Han Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ailing Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Minxue Quan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guozhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guozhong Chen, ; Lichao Hou,
| | - Lichao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Guozhong Chen, ; Lichao Hou,
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Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Ohata K, Yoshimoto N, Tokuda S, Yoshii N, Nakamura Y, Wang D, Liu K, Wake H, Yoshida T, Ago Y, Hashimoto K, Nishibori M, Morioka N. High-mobility group box 1-mediated hippocampal microglial activation induces cognitive impairment in mice with neuropathic pain. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114146. [PMID: 35738416 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicates that cognitive impairment is a common comorbidity of chronic pain, including neuropathic pain, but the mechanism underlying cognitive impairment remains unclear. Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the development of both neuropathic pain and cognitive impairment. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a proinflammatory molecule and could be involved in neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive impairment in the neuropathic pain state. Hippocampal microglial activation in mice has been associated with cognitive impairment. Thus, the current study examined a potential role of HMGB1 and microglial activation in cognitive impairment in mice with neuropathic pain due to a partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL). Mice developed cognitive impairment over two weeks, but not one week, after nerve injury. Nerve-injured mice demonstrated decreased nuclear fraction HMGB1, suggesting increased extracellular release of HMGB1. Furthermore, two weeks after PSNL, significant microglia activation was observed in hippocampus. Inhibition of microglial activation with minocycline, local hippocampal microglia depletion with clodronate liposome, or blockade of HMGB1 with either glycyrrhizic acid (GZA) or anti-HMGB1 antibody in PSNL mice reduced hippocampal microglia activation and ameliorated cognitive impairment. Other changes in the hippocampus of PSNL mice potentially related to cognitive impairment, including decreased hippocampal neuron dendrite length and spine densities and decreased α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptor (AMPAR) subunits, were prevented with anti-HMGB1 antibody treatment. The current findings suggest that neuro-inflammation involves a number of cellular-level changes and microglial activation. Blocking neuro-inflammation, particularly through blocking HMGB1 could be a novel approach to reducing co-morbidities such as cognitive impairment associated with neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ohata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Natsuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shintarou Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nanako Yoshii
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Dengli Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Shikata, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Shikata, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Shikata, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshida
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hashimoto
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Translational Research & Drug Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Shikata, Okayama, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Mohammad G, Kowluru RA. Involvement of High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein in Optic Nerve Damage in Diabetes. Eye Brain 2022; 14:59-69. [PMID: 35586662 PMCID: PMC9109986 DOI: 10.2147/eb.s352730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic patients routinely have high levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in their plasma, vitreous and ocular membranes, which is strongly correlated with subclinical chronic inflammation in the eye. Our previous work has suggested that high HMGB1 in diabetes plays a role in retinal inflammation and angiogenesis, but its role in the optic nerve damage is unclear. Therefore, our goal is to examine the role of HMGB1 in optic nerve damage in diabetes. Methods Gene expression of HMGB1 was quantified in the optic nerve from streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by qRT-PCR, and their protein expressions by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Using immunohistochemical technique, expression of reactive astrogliosis (indicator of neuroinflammation) and nerve demyelination/damage were determined by quantifying glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein (MBP), respectively. The role of HMGB1 in the optic nerve damage and alteration visual pathways was confirmed in mice receiving glycyrrhizin, a HMGB1 inhibitor. Similar parameters were measured in the optic nerve from human donors with diabetes. Results Compared to normal mice, diabetic mice exhibited increased levels of HMGB1, higher GFAP expression, and decreased MBP in the optic nerve. Double immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that diabetes induced increased HMGB1 immunoreactivities were significantly colocalized with GFAP in the optic nerve. Glycyrrhizin supplementation effectively reduced HMGB1 and maintained normal axonal myelination and visual conduction. Results from mice optic nerve confirmed the results obtained from human donors with diabetes. Discussions Thus, diabetes-induced HMGB1 upregulation promotes optic nerve demyelination and inflammation. The regulation of HMGB1 activation has potential to protect optic nerve damage and the abnormalities of visual pathways in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mohammad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Correspondence: Ghulam Mohammad, Tel +1 313-577-0744, Email
| | - Renu A Kowluru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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Rudzki S. Is PTSD an Evolutionary Survival Adaptation Initiated by Unrestrained Cytokine Signaling and Maintained by Epigenetic Change? Mil Med 2022; 188:usac095. [PMID: 35446412 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment outcomes for PTSD with current psychological therapies are poor, with very few patients achieving sustained symptom remission. A number of authors have identified physiological and immune disturbances in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients, but there is no unifying hypothesis that explains the myriad features of the disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical literature was reviewed over a 6-year period primarily using the medical database PUBMED. RESULTS The literature contains numerous papers that have identified a range of physiological and immune dysfunction in association with PTSD. This paper proposes that unrestrained cytokine signaling induces epigenetic changes that promote an evolutionary survival adaptation, which maintains a defensive PTSD phenotype. The brain can associate immune signaling with past threat and initiate a defensive behavioral response. The sympathetic nervous system is pro-inflammatory, while the parasympathetic nervous system is anti-inflammatory. Prolonged cholinergic withdrawal will promote a chronic inflammatory state. The innate immune cytokine IL-1β has pleiotropic properties and can regulate autonomic, glucocorticoid, and glutamate receptor functions, sleep, memory, and epigenetic enzymes. Changes in epigenetic enzyme activity can potentially alter phenotype and induce an adaptation. Levels of IL-1β correlate with severity and duration of PTSD and PTSD can be prevented by bolus administration of hydrocortisone in acute sepsis, consistent with unrestrained inflammation being a risk factor for PTSD. The nervous and immune systems engage in crosstalk, governed by common receptors. The benefits of currently used psychiatric medication may arise from immune, as well as synaptic, modulation. The psychedelic drugs (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), psilocybin, and ketamine) have potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects on the adaptive immune system, which may contribute to their reported benefit in PTSD. There may be distinct PTSD phenotypes induced by innate and adaptive cytokine signaling. CONCLUSION In order for an organism to survive, it must adapt to its environment. Cytokines signal danger to the brain and can induce epigenetic changes that result in a persistent defensive phenotype. PTSD may be the price individuals pay for the genomic flexibility that promotes adaptation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Rudzki
- Canberra Sports Medicine, Deakin, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
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Chen JQ, Gao SQ, Luo L, Jiang ZY, Liang CF, He HY, Guo Y. Nonoxid-HMGB1 Attenuates Cognitive Impairment After Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:827585. [PMID: 35479959 PMCID: PMC9035677 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.827585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global burden of health. As an accepted inflammatory mediator, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is found to be effective in facilitating neurogenesis and axonal regeneration. SH3RF2 (also known as POSHER), an E3 ligase SH3 domain-containing ring finger 2, belongs to the SH3RF family of proteins. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of redox states of HMGB1 on neurite outgrowth and regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, distinct recombinant HMGB1 redox isoforms were used. Sequencing for RNA-seq and data analysis were performed to find the potential downstream target of nonoxid-HMGB1 (3S-HMGB1). Protein changes and distribution of SH3RF2 were evaluated by western blot assays and immunofluorescence. Lentivirus and adeno-associated virus were used to regulate the expression of genes. Nonoxid-HMGB1-enriched exosomes were constructed and used to treat TBI rats. Neurological function was evaluated by OF test and NOR test. Results demonstrated that nonoxid-HMGB1 and fr-HMGB1, but not ds-HMGB1, promoted neurite outgrowth and axon elongation. RNA-seq and western blot assay indicated a significant increase of SH3RF2 in neurons after treated with nonoxid-HMGB1 or fr-HMGB1. Notably, the beneficial effects of nonoxid-HMGB1 were attenuated by downregulation of SH3RF2. Furthermore, nonoxid-HMGB1 ameliorated cognitive impairment in rats post-TBI via SH3RF2. Altogether, our experimental results suggest that one of the promoting neurite outgrowth and regeneration mechanisms of nonoxid-HMGB1 is mediated through the upregulated expression of SH3RF2. Nonoxid-HMGB1 is an attractive therapeutic candidate for the treatment of TBI.
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Wang Y, Li K, Liu Z, Sun Y, Wang J, Liu Q, Song Y, Qi J. Ethyl Pyruvate Alleviating Inflammatory Response after Diabetic Cerebral Hemorrhage. Curr Neurovasc Res 2022; 19:196-202. [PMID: 35657042 DOI: 10.2174/1567202619666220602153937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study's purpose is to investigate the neuroprotective role of ethyl pyruvate (EP) in the pathogenesis of diabetic intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS The present study used a mouse model of collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation, diabetic cerebral hemorrhage, and diabetic cerebral hemorrhage with EP. The EP (80 mg/kg) and EP (50 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally one day and one hour before modeling. The protein expression levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and NOD-like receptors 3 (NLRP3) were detected with western blot. The mRNA levels of HMGB1 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunofluorescence and ELISA were performed to confirm some inflammatory factors. RESULTS Compared to the normal diabetic intracerebral hemorrhage group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of HMGB1 and TLR4 were downregulated in the EP-affected group with diabetic cerebral hemorrhage, together with the downregulation of the expression of inflammasomes, including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), and caspase 1. CONCLUSION EP can reduce the inflammatory response after diabetic intracerebral hemorrhage and may inhibit the activation of inflammasomes by the HMGB1/TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Pathology, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yulan Sun
- Department of Pathology, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - JiaJun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuejia Song
- Department of Endocrinology, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiping Qi
- Department of Pathology, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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Kim JO, Baek SE, Jeon EY, Choi JM, Jang EJ, Kim CD. PDGFR-β signaling mediates HMGB1 release in mechanically stressed vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265191. [PMID: 35294955 PMCID: PMC8926240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanically stressed vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have potential roles in the development of vascular complications. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Using VSMCs cultured from rat thoracic aorta explants, we investigated the effects of mechanical stretch (MS) on the cellular secretion of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a major damage-associated molecular pattern that mediates vascular complications in stressed vasculature. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated an increase in the secretion of HMGB1 in VSMCs stimulated with MS (0–3% strain, 60 cycles/min), and this secretion was markedly and time-dependently increased at 3% MS. The increased secretion of HMGB1 at 3% MS was accompanied by an increased cytosolic translocation of nuclear HMGB1; the acetylated and phosphorylated forms of this protein were significantly increased. Among various inhibitors of membrane receptors mediating mechanical signals, AG1295 (a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibitor) attenuated MS-induced HMGB1 secretion. Inhibitors of other receptors, including epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor receptors, did not inhibit this secretion. Additionally, MS-induced HMGB1 secretion was markedly attenuated in PDGFR-β-deficient cells but not in cells transfected with PDGFR-α siRNA. Likewise, PDGF-DD, but not PDGF-AA, directly increased HMGB1 secretion in VSMCs, indicating a pivotal role of PDGFR-β signaling in the secretion of this protein in VSMCs. Thus, targeting PDGFR-β-mediated secretion of HMGB1 in VSMCs might be a promising therapeutic strategy for vascular complications associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji On Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Baek
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeong Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Jang
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Olsen CM, Corrigan JD. Does Traumatic Brain Injury Cause Risky Substance Use or Substance Use Disorder? Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:421-437. [PMID: 34561027 PMCID: PMC8776913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a high co-occurrence of risky substance use among adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI), although it is unknown if the neurologic sequelae of TBI can promote this behavior. We propose that to conclude that TBI can cause risky substance use, it must be determined that TBI precedes risky substance use, that confounders with the potential to increase the likelihood of both TBI and risky substance use must be ruled out, and that there must be a plausible mechanism of action. In this review, we address these factors by providing an overview of key clinical and preclinical studies and list plausible mechanisms by which TBI could increase risky substance use. Human and animal studies have identified an association between TBI and risky substance use, although the strength of this association varies. Factors that may limit detection of this relationship include differential variability due to substance, sex, age of injury, and confounders that may influence the likelihood of both TBI and risky substance use. We propose possible mechanisms by which TBI could increase substance use that include damage-associated neuroplasticity, chronic changes in neuroimmune signaling, and TBI-associated alterations in brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Olsen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - John D Corrigan
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Xiong Y, Yang J, Tong H, Zhu C, Pang Y. HMGB1 augments cognitive impairment in sepsis-associated encephalopathy by binding to MD-2 and promoting NLRP3-induced neuroinflammation. Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:167-179. [PMID: 34931753 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) always manifests with severe inflammatory symptoms and cognitive impairment. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine. In this study we investigated the role of HMGB1 in SAE. METHODS An SAE mouse model was established through cecal ligation and puncture surgery and then injected with adenovirus short hairpin RNA (Ad-sh)-HMGB1 or Ad-sh-myeloid differentiation protein (MD-2). The cognitive impairment and pathological injury in mice of different groups were evaluated using the Morris water maze experiment, Y-maze test, tail suspension test, fear conditioning test, and haematoxylin-eosin staining. The expressions of HMGB1 (fully reduced and disulfide (ds)HMGB1), MD-2, and NLRP3 in SAE mice were determined. Then, levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured. The binding relation between HMGB1 and MD-2 was predicted and certified. Additionally, MD-2 was downregulated to verify the role of the binding of HMGB1 and MD-2 in neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in SAE. RESULTS Expressions of HMGB1, MD-2, NLRP3, and inflammatory cytokines were enhanced in the SAE mouse model, which were in parallel with impaired cognitive function. HMGB1 silencing resulted in downregulated NLRP3 expression and alleviated neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in SAE mice. Mechanically, dsHMGB1 bound to MD-2 to activate NLRP3, thereby exacerbating neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in SAE mice. The limited binding of HMGB1 and MD-2 downregulated NLRP3 expression to alleviate neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in SAE mice. CONCLUSION HMGB1 was overexpressed in SAE, and dsHMGB1 bound to MD-2 to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, inducing neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xiong
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jilin Yang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Tong
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Chenting Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yinhu Pang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Effect of Curcumin in Experimental Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Antimycobacterial Activity in the Lungs and Anti-Inflammatory Effect in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041964. [PMID: 35216083 PMCID: PMC8876821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide. Patients with TB have been observed to suffer from depression and anxiety linked to social variables. Previous experiments found that the substantial pulmonary inflammation associated with TB causes neuroinflammation, neuronal death, and behavioral impairments in the absence of brain infection. Curcumin (CUR) is a natural product with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. In this work, we evaluated the CUR effect on the growth control of mycobacteria in the lungs and the anti-inflammatory effect in the brain using a model of progressive pulmonary TB in BALB/c mice infected with drug-sensitive mycobacteria (strain H37Rv). The results have shown that CUR decreased lung bacilli load and pneumonia of infected animals. Finally, CUR significantly decreased neuroinflammation (expression of TNFα, IFNγ and IL12) and slightly increased the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related to factor 2 (Nrf2) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, improving behavioral status. These results suggest that CUR has a bactericidal effect and can control pulmonary mycobacterial infection and reduce neuroinflammation. It seems that CUR has a promising potential as adjuvant therapy in TB treatment.
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46
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Sonti S, Tyagi K, Pande A, Daniel R, Sharma AL, Tyagi M. Crossroads of Drug Abuse and HIV Infection: Neurotoxicity and CNS Reservoir. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020202. [PMID: 35214661 PMCID: PMC8875185 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug abuse is a common comorbidity in people infected with HIV. HIV-infected individuals who abuse drugs are a key population who frequently experience suboptimal outcomes along the HIV continuum of care. A modest proportion of HIV-infected individuals develop HIV-associated neurocognitive issues, the severity of which further increases with drug abuse. Moreover, the tendency of the virus to go into latency in certain cellular reservoirs again complicates the elimination of HIV and HIV-associated illnesses. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) successfully decreased the overall viral load in infected people, yet it does not effectively eliminate the virus from all latent reservoirs. Although ART increased the life expectancy of infected individuals, it showed inconsistent improvement in CNS functioning, thus decreasing the quality of life. Research efforts have been dedicated to identifying common mechanisms through which HIV and drug abuse lead to neurotoxicity and CNS dysfunction. Therefore, in order to develop an effective treatment regimen to treat neurocognitive and related symptoms in HIV-infected patients, it is crucial to understand the involved mechanisms of neurotoxicity. Eventually, those mechanisms could lead the way to design and develop novel therapeutic strategies addressing both CNS HIV reservoir and illicit drug use by HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sonti
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (S.S.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Kratika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Vanasthali, Jaipur 304022, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Amit Pande
- Cell Culture Laboratory, ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital 263136, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Rene Daniel
- Farber Hospitalist Service, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar Sharma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (S.S.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Mudit Tyagi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (S.S.); (A.L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-503-5157 or +1-703-909-9420
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47
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Liu M, Guo S, Huang D, Hu D, Wu Y, Zhou W, Song W. Chronic Alcohol Exposure Alters Gene Expression and Neurodegeneration Pathways in the Brain of Adult Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:315-331. [PMID: 35034908 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol consumption can alter the structure of the central nervous system and disrupt cognitive function. Alcoholics are more likely to develop neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the role of alcohol in promoting neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration remains unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed at estimating the effects of chronic binge alcohol exposure on brain transcriptome and behavior changes in a chronic "Drinking in the Dark" (DID) mouse model. METHODS The adult C57BL/6J male mice were exposed to alcohol for 4 weeks. RNA-seq was applied to assess the effects of chronic alcohol exposure on transcriptome in brain. The open field test and novel object recognition test were used to assess the changes of anxiety level, locomotive function, and short-term memory induced by alcohol. RNA-seq analysis revealed that chronic alcohol exposure caused significant change in the brain transcriptome, especially in prefrontal cortex. RESULTS The gene dysregulation caused by chronic alcohol exposure includes pathways related to mitochondrial energy metabolism (such as oxidative phosphorylation) and multiple neurodegenerative diseases (such as AD and PD). Furthermore, the pathway and network analyses suggest that the genes involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism, ubiquitin-proteasome system, Wnt signaling pathway, and microtubules may attribute to the neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration caused by chronic alcohol consumption. Additionally, locomotive function was also significantly impaired. CONCLUSION This work provides gene transcriptional profile data for future research on alcohol-induced neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shipeng Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daochao Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongjie Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihui Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihong Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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48
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Makris G, Agorastos A, Chrousos GP, Pervanidou P. Stress System Activation in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:756628. [PMID: 35095389 PMCID: PMC8793840 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.756628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mission of the human stress system is the maintenance of homeostasis in the presence of real or perceived, acute or chronic stressors. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are the stress system-related neuroendocrine pathways. There is abundant evidence that children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may exhibit atypical function within the HPA axis and the ANS both at the resting state and during the presence of social and/or non-social stressors. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date summary of the findings regarding stress system alterations in children and adolescents with ASD. We focus on the variations of stress hormones circadian rhythms, specifically cortisol and alpha-amylase (i.e., a surrogate index of epinephrine/norepinephrine secretion), and on the alterations of stress system responsivity to different stressors. Also, we present imaging and immunological findings that have been associated with stress system dysregulation in children and adolescents with ASD. Finally, we review the pivotal role of HPA axis-ANS coordination, the developmental trajectory of the stress system in ASD, and the possible role of early life stress in the dysregulation of the stress system demonstrated in children and adolescents with ASD. This synthesis will hopefully provide researchers with a foundation for an integrated approach to future research into stress system variations in children and adolescents with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Makris
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Gerasimos Makris,
| | - Agorastos Agorastos
- Department of Psychiatry II, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Mustafa S, Evans S, Barry B, Barratt D, Wang Y, Lin C, Wang X, Hutchinson MR. Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Pain: Bridging Molecules-to-Cells-to-Systems. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 276:239-273. [PMID: 35434749 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pain impacts the lives of billions of people around the world - both directly and indirectly. It is complex and transcends beyond an unpleasant sensory experience to encompass emotional experiences. To date, there are no successful treatments for sufferers of chronic pain. Although opioids do not provide any benefit to chronic pain sufferers, they are still prescribed, often resulting in more complications such as hyperalgesia and dependence. In order to develop effective and safe medications to manage, and perhaps even treat pain, it is important to evaluate novel contributors to pain pathologies. As such, in this chapter we review the role of Toll-like receptor 4, a receptor of the innate immune system, that continues to gain substantial attention in the field of pain research. Positioned in the nexus of the neuro and immune systems, TLR4 may provide one of the missing pieces in understanding the complexities of pain. Here we consider how TLR4 enables a mechanistical understanding of pain as a multidimensional biopsychosocial state from molecules to cells to systems and back again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Mustafa
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Samuel Evans
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin Barry
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniel Barratt
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yibo Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Cong Lin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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50
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Hollis F, Pope BS, Gorman-Sandler E, Wood SK. Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Link Social Stress to Depression. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 54:59-93. [PMID: 35184261 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a debilitating mental illness and a leading cause of global disease burden. While many etiological factors have been identified, social stress is a highly prevalent causative factor for the onset of depression. Unfortunately, rates of depression continue to increase around the world, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated this mental health crisis. Though several therapeutic strategies are available, nearly 50% of patients who receive treatment never reach remission. The exact mechanisms by which social stress exposure promotes the development of depression are unclear, making it challenging to develop novel and more effective therapeutics. However, accumulating evidence points to a role for stress-induced neuroinflammation, particularly in treatment-resistant patients. Moreover, recent evidence has expanded the concept of the pathogenesis of depression to mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that the combined effects of social stress on mitochondria and inflammation may synergize to facilitate stress-related depression. In this chapter, we review evidence for neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of social stress-induced depression and discuss these in the context of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Hollis
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Brittany S Pope
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Erin Gorman-Sandler
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Susan K Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
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