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Lu C, Huang C, Qu S, Lin H, Zhong HJ, Chong CM. Oxyimperatorin attenuates LPS-induced microglial activation in vitro and in vivo via suppressing NF-κB p65 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116379. [PMID: 38452656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is an important pathological feature in many neurological diseases; thus, suppressing microglial activation is considered a possible therapeutic strategy for reducing neuronal damage. Oxyimperatorin (OIMP) is a member of furanocoumarin, isolated from the medicinal herb Glehnia littoralis. However, it is unknown whether OIMP can suppress the neuroinflammation. PURPOSE To investigate the neuroprotective activity of oxyimperatorin (OIMP) in LPS-induced neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS In vitro inflammation-related assays were performed with OIMP in LPS-induced BV-2 microglia. In addition, intraperitoneal injection of LPS-induced microglial activation in the mouse brain was used to validate the anti-neuroinflammatory activity of OIMP. RESULTS OIMP was found to suppress LPS-induced neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo. OIMP significantly attenuated LPS-induced the production of free radicals, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV-2 microglia without causing cytotoxicity. In addition, OIMP could reduce the M1 pro-inflammatory transition in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia. The mechanistic study revealed that OIMP inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. However, OIMP did not affect LPS-induced IκB phosphorylation and degradation. In addition, OIMP also was able to reduce LPS-induced microglial activation in mice brain. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that OIMP suppresses microglia activation and attenuates the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines via inhibition of NF-κB p65 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Shuhui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Huiyuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Hai-Jing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Cheong-Meng Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China.
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Sublette ME, Daray FM, Ganança L, Shaikh SR. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the neurobiology of major depressive disorder and suicide risk. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:269-286. [PMID: 37993501 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are obtained from diet or derived from essential shorter-chain fatty acids, and are crucial for brain development and functioning. Fundamentally, LC-PUFAs' neurobiological effects derive from their physicochemical characteristics, including length and double bond configuration, which differentiate LC-PUFA species and give rise to functional differences between n(omega)-3 and n-6 LC-PUFAs. LC-PUFA imbalances are implicated in psychiatric disorders, including major depression and suicide risk. Dietary intake and genetic variants in enzymes involved in biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs from shorter chain fatty acids influence LC-PUFA status. Domains impacted by LC-PUFAs include 1) cell signaling, 2) inflammation, and 3) bioenergetics. 1) As major constituents of lipid bilayers, LC-PUFAs are determinants of cell membrane properties of viscosity and order, affecting lipid rafts, which play a role in regulation of membrane-bound proteins involved in cell-cell signaling, including monoaminergic receptors and transporters. 2) The n-3:n-6 LC-PUFA balance profoundly influences inflammation. Generally, metabolic products of n-6 LC-PUFAs (eicosanoids) are pro-inflammatory, while those of n-3 LC-PUFAs (docosanoids) participate in the resolution of inflammation. Additionally, n-3 LC-PUFAs suppress microglial activation and the ensuing proinflammatory cascade. 3) N-3 LC-PUFAs in the inner mitochondrial membrane affect oxidative stress, suppressing production of and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), with neuroprotective benefits. Until now, this wealth of knowledge about LC-PUFA biomechanisms has not been adequately tapped to develop translational studies of LC-PUFA clinical effects in humans. Future studies integrating neurobiological mechanisms with clinical outcomes may suggest ways to identify depressed individuals most likely to respond to n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation, and mechanistic research may generate new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Federico Manuel Daray
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Licínia Ganança
- Clínica Universitária de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Nutritional Obesity Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Zhu M, Li M, Yang S, Li J, Gong C, Yu Q, Chen C, Zhang Y, Lin J, Tu F. Fish oil omega-3 Fatty Acids Alleviate Postoperative delirium-like Behavior in aged mice by Attenuating Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:157-169. [PMID: 37640824 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common and serious neuropsychiatric syndrome among older patients, and lacks effective therapies. Omega-3 fatty acids, possessing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, have shown potent neuroprotective effects in several diseases. The present study investigated whether omega-3 fatty acids could exert a neuroprotective role against POD in aged mice. A mouse model of POD was established to explore the role of omega-3 fatty acids in laparotomy-induced delirium-like behavior by evaluating systemic inflammatory changes, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and behavior at different time points in aged mice. Oral gavage with omega-3 fatty acids (300 mg/kg) for 3 weeks before surgery significantly attenuated anesthesia/surgery-induced POD-like behavior and the accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines from the peripheral blood in aged mice. Moreover, it also remarkably mitigated neuroinflammation and the oxidative stress response (malondialdehyde [MDA] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of surgical mice. Our findings provided evidence that pretreatment with omega-3 fatty acids may play a vital role in the treatment of POD through mechanisms involving its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which may be a promising prevention strategy for POD in aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Simin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- , Department of Anesthesiology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Cansheng Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Changlin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jingyan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
| | - Faping Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
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Pan SW, Hu LS, Wang H, Li RT, He YJ, Shang Y, Dai ZL, Chen LX, Xiong W. Resolvin D1 Induces mTOR-independent and ATG5-dependent Autophagy in BV-2 Microglial Cells. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:1096-1106. [PMID: 37924386 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The activation state of microglia is known to occupy a central position in the pathophysiological process of cerebral inflammation. Autophagy is a catabolic process responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In recent years, autophagy has been demonstrated to play an important role in neuroinflammation. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is a promising therapeutic mediator that has been shown to exert substantial anti-inflammatory and proresolving activities. However, whether RvD1-mediated resolution of inflammation in microglia is related to autophagy regulation needs further investigation. The present study aimed to explore the effect of RvD1 on microglial autophagy and its corresponding pathways. METHODS Mouse microglial cells (BV-2) were cultured, treated with RvD1, and examined by Western blotting, confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. RESULTS RvD1 promoted autophagy in both BV-2 cells and mouse primary microglia by favoring the maturation of autophagosomes and their fusion with lysosomes. Importantly, RvD1 had no significant effect on the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Furthermore, RvD1-induced mTOR-independent autophagy was confirmed by observing reduced cytoplasmic calcium levels and suppressed calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) activation. Moreover, by downregulating ATG5, the increased phagocytic activity induced by RvD1 was demonstrated to be tightly controlled by ATG5-dependent autophagy. CONCLUSION The present work identified a previously unreported mechanism responsible for the role of RvD1 in microglial autophagy, highlighting its therapeutic potential against neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Wen Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li-Sha Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Rui-Ting Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ya-Jun He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Li-Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Sudwarts A, Thinakaran G. Alzheimer's genes in microglia: a risk worth investigating. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:90. [PMID: 37986179 PMCID: PMC10662636 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite expressing many key risk genes, the role of microglia in late-onset Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology is somewhat ambiguous, with various phenotypes reported to be either harmful or protective. Herein, we review some key findings from clinical and animal model investigations, discussing the role of microglial genetics in mediating perturbations from homeostasis. We note that impairment to protective phenotypes may include prolonged or insufficient microglial activation, resulting in dysregulated metabolomic (notably lipid-related) processes, compounded by age-related inflexibility in dynamic responses. Insufficiencies of mouse genetics and aggressive transgenic modelling imply severe limitations in applying current methodologies for aetiological investigations. Despite the shortcomings, widely used amyloidosis and tauopathy models of the disease have proven invaluable in dissecting microglial functional responses to AD pathophysiology. Some recent advances have brought modelling tools closer to human genetics, increasing the validity of both aetiological and translational endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Sudwarts
- Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Gopal Thinakaran
- Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Xu X, Wang X, Fu J. ChemR23 activation attenuates cognitive impairment in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-induced neuronal pyroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:721. [PMID: 37932279 PMCID: PMC10628255 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays critical roles in vascular dementia (VaD), the second leading cause of dementia, which can be induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis, the inflammatory programmed cell death, has been reported to contribute to the development of VaD. ChemR23 is a G protein-coupled receptor that has emerging roles in regulating inflammation. However, the role of ChemR23 signalling in NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in CCH remains elusive. In this study, a CCH rat model was established by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) surgery. Eight weeks after the surgery, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with the ChemR23 agonist Resolvin E1 (RvE1) or chemerin-9 (C-9). Additionally, primary rat hippocampal neurons and SH-SY5Y cells were adopted to mimic CCH injury in vitro. Our results showed that the levels of ChemR23 expression were decreased from the 8th week after BCCAO, accompanied by significant cognitive impairment. Further analysis revealed that CCH induced neuronal damage, synaptic injury and NLRP3-related pyroptosis activation in hippocampal neurons. However, pharmacologic activation of ChemR23 with RvE1 or C-9 counteracted these changes. In vitro experiments also showed that ChemR23 activation prevented primary neuron pyroptosis induced by chronic hypoxia. In addition, manipulating ChemR23 expression markedly regulated NLRP3 inflammasome-induced neuronal pyroptosis through PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signalling in SH-SY5Y cells under hypoglycaemic and hypoxic conditions. Collectively, our data demonstrated that ChemR23 activation inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome-induced neuronal pyroptosis and improves cognitive function via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signalling pathway in CCH models. ChemR23 may serve as a potential novel therapeutic target to treat CCH-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiuzhe Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Jianliang Fu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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7
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de Melo IS, Sabino-Silva R, Costa MA, Vaz ER, Anselmo-E-Silva CI, de Paula Soares Mendonça T, Oliveira KB, de Souza FMA, Dos Santos YMO, Pacheco ALD, Freitas-Santos J, Caixeta DC, Goulart LR, de Castro OW. N-Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine Plays a Neuroprotective and Anticonvulsant Role in Status Epilepticus Model. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:4231-4244. [PMID: 37742326 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is described as continuous and self-sustaining seizures, which triggers hippocampal neurodegeneration, inflammation, and gliosis. N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) has been associated with inflammatory process. N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) peptide plays an anti-inflammatory role, mediated by the activation of G-protein-coupled FPR. Here, we evaluated the influence of fMLP peptides on the behavior of limbic seizures, memory consolidation, and hippocampal neurodegeneration process. Male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) received microinjections of pilocarpine in hippocampus (H-PILO, 1.2 mg/μL, 1 μL) followed by fMLP (1 mg/mL, 1 μL) or vehicle (VEH, saline 0.9%, 1 μL). During the 90 min of SE, epileptic seizures were analyzed according to the Racine's Scale. After 24 h of SE, memory impairment was assessed by the inhibitory avoidance test and the neurodegeneration process was evaluated in hippocampal areas. There was no change in latency and number of wet dog shake (WDS) after administration of fMLP. However, our results showed that the intrahippocampal infusion of fMLP reduced the severity of seizures, as well as the number of limbic seizures. In addition, fMLP infusion protected memory dysfunction followed by SE. Finally, the intrahippocampal administration of fMLP attenuated the process of neurodegeneration in both hippocampi. Taken together, our data suggest a new insight into the functional role of fMLP peptides, with important implications for their potential use as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of brain disorders, such as epilepsy. Schematic drawing on the neuroprotective and anticonvulsant role of fMLP during status epilepticus. Initially, a cannula was implanted in hippocampus and pilocarpine/saline was administered into the hippocampus followed by fMLP/saline (A-C). fMLP reduced seizure severity and neuronal death in the hippocampus, as well as protecting against memory deficit (D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Santana de Melo
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil.
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Department of Physiology, Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlandia, MG, CEP 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Maisa Araújo Costa
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Emília Rezende Vaz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kellysson Bruno Oliveira
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Araújo de Souza
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Yngrid Mickaelli Oliveira Dos Santos
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Amanda Larissa Dias Pacheco
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Jucilene Freitas-Santos
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Douglas Carvalho Caixeta
- Department of Physiology, Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlandia, MG, CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Olagide Wagner de Castro
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-970, Brazil.
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8
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Zheng A, Huang N, Bean D, Rayapaneni S, Deeney J, Sagar M, Hamilton JA. Resolvin E1 heals injured cardiomyocytes: Therapeutic implications and H-FABP as a readout for cardiovascular disease & systemic inflammation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 197:102586. [PMID: 37604082 PMCID: PMC11203388 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate heart-fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) leakage from cardiomyocytes as a quantitative measure of cell membrane damage and to test healing by Resolvin E1 (RVE1) as a potential therapeutic for patients with inflammatory diseases (cardiovascular disease and comorbidities) with high morbidity and mortality. Our quantitative ELISA assays demonstrated H-FABP as a sensitive and reliable biomarker for measuring cardiomyocyte damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and healing by RvE1, a specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) derived from the Omega-3 fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a dietary nutrient that balances inflammation to restore homeostasis. RvE1 reduced leakage of H-FABP by up to 86%, which supports our hypothesis that inflammation as a mechanism of injury can be targeted for therapy. H-FABP as a blood biomarker was tested in 40 patients admitted to Boston Medical Center for respiratory distress, (20 patients with and 20 patients without COVID infection). High levels of H-FABP correlated with clinically diagnosed CVD, diabetes, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in both patient groups. The level of H-FABP indicates not only CVD damage but is a valuable measure for patients with increased inflammation disease comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zheng
- Boston University, United States of America
| | - N Huang
- Boston University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - D Bean
- Boston University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | | | - Jude Deeney
- Boston University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - M Sagar
- Boston Medical Center, United States of America
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9
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Deng J, Golub LM, Lee HM, Bhatt HD, Johnson F, Xu TM, Gu Y. A novel modified-curcumin 2.24 resolves inflammation by promoting M2 macrophage polarization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15513. [PMID: 37726411 PMCID: PMC10509274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess resolving-like activity by a novel chemically-modified curcumin (CMC2.24) in a "two-hit" model of diabetes-associated periodontitis. Macrophages from rats were cultured in the presence/absence of either Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1st hit); or advanced-glycation-end products (AGE, 2nd hit); or both combined. CMC2.24 was added as treatment. The conditioned media were analyzed for MMP-9, cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), resolvins (RvD1, RvE1, lipoxin A4), and soluble receptor for AGE (sRAGE). The phenotypes of M1/M2 macrophage were analyzed by flow cytometry. Both LPS/AGE-alone, and two-combined, dramatically increased the secretion of MMP-9 by macrophages. CMC2.24 "normalized" the elevated levels of MMP-9 under all conditions. Moreover, CMC2.24 significantly reduced the secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 with a fewer effects on TNF-α. Importantly, CMC2.24 increased RvD1 and sRAGE secretion by macrophages exposed to LPS/AGE; and both treatment groups exhibited increased M2 relative to M1 populations. Furthermore, scatter-diagram showed the macrophages gradually shifted from M1 towards M2 with CMC2.24-treated, whereas LPS/AGE-alone groups remained unchanged. CMC2.24 "normalized" cytokines and MMP-9, but also enhanced RvD1 and sRAGE in macrophages. Crucially, CMC2.24 appears to be a potent inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype; and a promotor of the pro-resolving M2 phenotype, thus acting like a crucial "switch" to reduce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lorne M Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Heta-Dinesh Bhatt
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Tian-Min Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of General Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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10
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Hernandez J, Schäffer J, Herden C, Pflieger FJ, Reiche S, Körber S, Kitagawa H, Welter J, Michels S, Culmsee C, Bier J, Sommer N, Kang JX, Mayer K, Hecker M, Rummel C. n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate LPS-Induced ARDS and the Lung-Brain Axis of Communication in Wild-Type versus Fat-1 Mice Genetically Modified for Leukotriene B4 Receptor 1 or Chemerin Receptor 23 Knockout. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13524. [PMID: 37686333 PMCID: PMC10487657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and especially Resolvin E1 (RvE1) can actively terminate inflammation and promote healing during lung diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although ARDS primarily affects the lung, many ARDS patients also develop neurocognitive impairments. To investigate the connection between the lung and brain during ARDS and the therapeutic potential of SPMs and its derivatives, fat-1 mice were crossbred with RvE1 receptor knockout mice. ARDS was induced in these mice by intratracheal application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 µg). Mice were sacrificed at 0 h, 4 h, 24 h, 72 h, and 120 h post inflammation, and effects on the lung, liver, and brain were assessed by RT-PCR, multiplex, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and LC-MS/MS. Protein and mRNA analyses of the lung, liver, and hypothalamus revealed LPS-induced lung inflammation increased inflammatory signaling in the hypothalamus despite low signaling in the periphery. Neutrophil recruitment in different brain structures was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Overall, we showed that immune cell trafficking to the brain contributed to immune-to-brain communication during ARDS rather than cytokines. Deficiency in RvE1 receptors and enhanced omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels (fat-1 mice) affect lung-brain interaction during ARDS by altering profiles of several inflammatory and lipid mediators and glial activity markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hernandez
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Julia Schäffer
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.H.); (J.S.)
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany (J.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Fabian Johannes Pflieger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Sylvia Reiche
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany (J.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Svenja Körber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Hiromu Kitagawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Omiya, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Joelle Welter
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Susanne Michels
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany (C.C.)
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany (C.C.)
- Center for Mind Brain and Behavior, Universities Giessen and Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jens Bier
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany (J.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany (J.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Jing X. Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Matthias Hecker
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany (J.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.H.); (J.S.)
- Center for Mind Brain and Behavior, Universities Giessen and Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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11
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Butler MJ, Mackey-Alfonso SE, Massa N, Baskin KK, Barrientos RM. Dietary fatty acids differentially impact phagocytosis, inflammatory gene expression, and mitochondrial respiration in microglial and neuronal cell models. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1227241. [PMID: 37636589 PMCID: PMC10448530 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1227241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of diets high in saturated fatty acids and/or refined carbohydrates are associated with neuroinflammation, cognitive dysfunction, and neurodegenerative disease. In contrast, diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. We have previously shown that high fat diet (HFD) consumption increases saturated fatty acids and decreases polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hippocampus. We have further shown that HFD elicits exaggerated neuroinflammation and reduced synaptic elements, and results in robust memory deficits in aged rats. Here, we examined the impact of palmitate, an abundant dietary saturated fat, on a variety of cellular responses in BV2 microglia and HippoE-14 neurons, and the extent to which the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), would buffer against these responses. Our data demonstrate that DHA pretreatment prevents or partially attenuates palmitate-induced alterations in proinflammatory, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial damage-associated gene expression in both cell types. Furthermore, we show that synaptoneurosomes isolated from aged, HFD-fed mice are engulfed by BV2 microglia at a faster rate than synaptoneurosomes isolated from aged, chow-fed mice, suggesting HFD alters signaling at synapses to hasten their engulfment by microglia. Consistent with this notion, we found modest increases in complement proteins and a decrease in CD47 protein expression on synaptoneurosomes isolated from the hippocampus of aged, HFD-fed mice. Interestingly, palmitate reduced BV2 microglial phagocytosis, but only of synaptoneurosomes isolated from chow-fed mice, an effect that was prevented by DHA pretreatment. Lastly, we measured the impact of palmitate and DHA on mitochondrial function in both microglial and neuronal cell models using the Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer. These data indicate that DHA pretreatment does not mitigate palmitate-induced reductions in mitochondrial respiration in BV2 microglia and HippoE-14 neurons, suggesting DHA may be acting downstream of mitochondrial function to exert its protective effects. Together, this study provides evidence that DHA can ameliorate the negative impact of palmitate on a variety of cellular functions in microglia- and neuron-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Butler
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sabrina E. Mackey-Alfonso
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nashali Massa
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kedryn K. Baskin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ruth M. Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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12
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González Olmo BM, Bettes MN, DeMarsh JW, Zhao F, Askwith C, Barrientos RM. Short-term high-fat diet consumption impairs synaptic plasticity in the aged hippocampus via IL-1 signaling. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:35. [PMID: 37460765 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
More Americans are consuming diets higher in saturated fats and refined sugars than ever before. These trends could have serious consequences for the older population because high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, known to induce neuroinflammation, has been shown to accelerate and aggravate memory declines. We have previously demonstrated that short-term HFD consumption, which does not evoke obesity-related comorbidities, produced profound impairments to hippocampal-dependent memory in aged rats. These impairments were precipitated by increases in proinflammatory cytokines, primarily interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Here, we explored the extent to which short-term HFD consumption disrupts hippocampal synaptic plasticity, as measured by long-term potentiation (LTP), in young adult and aged rats. We demonstrated that (1) HFD disrupted late-phase LTP in the hippocampus of aged, but not young adult rats, (2) HFD did not disrupt early-phase LTP, and (3) blockade of the IL-1 receptor rescued L-LTP in aged HFD-fed rats. These findings suggest that hippocampal memory impairments in aged rats following HFD consumption occur through the deterioration of synaptic plasticity and that IL-1β is a critical driver of that deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte M González Olmo
- Department of Biomedical Education & Anatomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Menaz N Bettes
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James W DeMarsh
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fangli Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Candice Askwith
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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13
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Li S, Jing M, Mohamed N, Rey-Dubois C, Zhao S, Aukema HM, House JD. The Effect of Increasing Concentrations of Omega-3 Fatty Acids from either Flaxseed Oil or Preformed Docosahexaenoic Acid on Fatty Acid Composition, Plasma Oxylipin, and Immune Response of Laying Hens. J Nutr 2023; 153:2105-2116. [PMID: 37187351 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of nutrition guidelines for the feeding of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to laying hens. Knowledge as to whether the type and concentrations of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the diet can make a difference to the birds' immune responses when subjected to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge is limited. OBJECTIVES The study was designed to determine the potential nutritional and health benefits to laying hens when receiving dietary omega-3 PUFA from either ALA or DHA. METHODS A total of 80 Lohmann LSL-Classic (white egg layer, 20 wk old) were randomly assigned to 1 of 8 treatment diets (10 hens/treatment), provided 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, or 0.8% of total dietary omega-3 PUFA, provided as either ALA-rich flaxseed oil or DHA-enriched algal biomass. After an 8-wk feeding period, the birds were challenged with Escherichia coli-derived LPS (8 mg/kg; i.v. injection), with terminal sample collection 4 h after challenge. Egg yolk, plasma, liver, and spleen samples were collected for subsequent analyses. RESULTS Increasing dietary omega-3 supplementation yielded predictable responses in egg yolk, plasma, and liver fatty acid concentrations. Dietary intake of ALA contributed mainly to ALA-derived oxylipins. Meanwhile, eicosapentaenoic acid- and DHA-derived oxylipins were primarily influenced by DHA dietary intake. LPS increased the concentrations of almost all the omega-6 PUFA-, ALA-, and DHA-derived oxylipins in plasma and decreased hepatic mRNA expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX (P < 0.001) involved in the biosynthesis of oxylipins. LPS also increased mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ and receptor TLR-4 (P < 0.001) in the spleen. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed that dietary intake of ALA and DHA had unique impacts on fatty acid deposition and their derived oxylipins and inflammatory responses under the administration of LPS in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mingyan Jing
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Neijat Mohamed
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Cameron Rey-Dubois
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shusheng Zhao
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James D House
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Richardson Centre for Food Technology and Research, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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14
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Carvajal F, Sánchez-Gil A, Cardona D, Rincón-Cervera MA, Lerma-Cabrera JM. The Effect of Very-Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Central Nervous System and Their Potential Benefits for Treating Alcohol Use Disorder: Reviewing Pre-Clinical and Clinical Data. Nutrients 2023; 15:2993. [PMID: 37447319 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use poses a significant global health concern, leading to serious physical and socioeconomic issues worldwide. The current treatment options for problematic alcohol consumption are limited, leading to the exploration of alternative approaches, such as nutraceuticals. One promising target is very-long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC n-3 PUFAs). This review aims to compile the most relevant pre-clinical and clinical evidence on the effect of VLC n-3 PUFAs on alcohol use disorders and related outcomes. The findings suggest that VLC n-3 PUFAs may alleviate the physiological changes induced by alcohol consumption, including neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter dysregulation. Additionally, they can reduce withdrawal symptoms, improve mood, and reduce stress level, all of which are closely associated with problematic alcohol consumption. However, more research is required to fully understand the precise mechanisms by which VLC n-3 PUFAs exert their function. Furthermore, PUFAs should not be considered a standalone solution, but as a complement to other therapeutic approaches. Although preliminary evidence supports the potential therapeutic effect of VLC n-3 PUFAs on problematic alcohol consumption, additional research is needed to validate these findings and determine the optimal use of PUFAs as part of a comprehensive approach to the treatment of alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Carvajal
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Health Research Center, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Sánchez-Gil
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Health Research Center, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Diana Cardona
- Health Research Center, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Rincón-Cervera
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 830490, Chile
| | - Jose Manuel Lerma-Cabrera
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Health Research Center, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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15
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Wang J, Yu Z, Peng Y, Xu B. Insights into prevention mechanisms of bioactive components from healthy diets against Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109397. [PMID: 37301484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in which senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, chronic neuroinflammation, and abnormal neurotransmission are the potential mechanisms involved in its onset and development. Although it is still an intractable disorder, diet intervention has been developed as an innovative strategy for AD prevention. Some bioactive compounds and micronutrients from food, including soy isoflavones, rutin, vitamin B1, etc., have exhibited numerous neuronal health-promoting effects in both in vivo and in vitro studies. It is well known that their antiapoptotic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties prevent the neuronal or glial cells from injury or death, minimize oxidative damage, inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines by modulating typical signaling pathways of MAPK, NF-kβ, and TLR, and further reduce Aβ genesis and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, parts of the dietary components trigger AD-related proteins productions and inflammasome as well as inflammatory gene upregulation. This review summarized the neuroprotective or nerve damage-promoting role and underlying molecular mechanisms of flavonoids, vitamins, and fatty acids via the data from library databases, PubMed, and journal websites, which provides a comprehensive analysis of the prevention potential of these dietary components against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Zhiling Yu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China.
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16
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Xiong W, Wang H, Zhang H, Xing Y, Gao W, Chen L, Chen L, Dai Z. Resolvin D1 attenuates depressive-like behavior in LPS-challenged mice by promoting microglial autophagy. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01234-9. [PMID: 37103692 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
It has been proven that neuroinflammation triggered by microglial activation is the pathogenesis of depression associated with sepsis. An endogenous lipid mediator known as resolvin D1 (RvD1) is known to have anti-inflammatory effects in a sepsis model. However, it remains unknown if the effects of RvD1 on inflammatory responses are regulated by microglial autophagy. The current study investigated the role of RvD1-induced microglial autophagy in neuroinflammation. The findings showed that RvD1 reverses LPS-induced autophagy inhibition in microglia. RvD1 treatment significantly inhibits inflammatory responses by preventing NF-κB nuclear translocation and microglial M1 phenotypic transition. RvD1 exhibits an attenuation of neurotoxicity in both in vivo and in vitro models of sepsis. Following RvD1 injection, depressive-like behaviors in SAE mice were significantly improved. Notably, the aforesaid effects of RvD1 were eliminated by 3-MA, demonstrating that microglial autophagy was modulated. In conclusion, our findings shed new light on the involvement of microglial autophagy in SAE and emphasize the potential benefits of RvD1 as a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanmei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenli Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lengfeng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongliang Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Yamagata K. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits ischemic stroke to reduce vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 167:106733. [PMID: 37028469 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Stroke and dementia are global leading causes of neurological disability and death. The pathology of these diseases is interrelated and they share common, modifiable risk factors. It is suggested that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) prevents neurological and vascular disorders induced by ischemic stroke and also prevent dementia. The purpose of this study was to review the potential preventative role of DHA against ischemic stroke-induced vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, I analyzed studies on stroke-induced dementia from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases as well as studies on the effects of DHA on stroke-induced dementia. As per the results of interventional studies, DHA intake can potentially ameliorate dementia and cognitive function. In particular, DHA derived from foods such as fish oil enters the blood and then migrates to the brain by binding to fatty acid binding protein 5 that is present in cerebral vascular endothelial cells. At this point, the esterified form of DHA produced by lysophosphatidylcholine is preferentially absorbed into the brain instead of free DHA. DHA accumulates in nerve cell membrane and is involved in the prevention of dementia. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of DHA and DHA metabolites as well as their ability to decrease amyloid beta (Aβ) 42 production were implicated in the improvement of cognitive function. The antioxidant effect of DHA, the inhibition of neuronal cell death by Aβ peptide, improvement in learning ability, and enhancement of synaptic plasticity may contribute to the prevention of dementia induced by ischemic stroke.
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18
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Inhibition of Microglial GSK3β Activity Is Common to Different Kinds of Antidepressants: A Proposal for an In Vitro Screen to Detect Novel Antidepressant Principles. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030806. [PMID: 36979785 PMCID: PMC10045655 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a major public health concern. Unfortunately, the present antidepressants often are insufficiently effective, whilst the discovery of more effective antidepressants has been extremely sluggish. The objective of this review was to combine the literature on depression with the pharmacology of antidepressant compounds, in order to formulate a conceivable pathophysiological process, allowing proposals how to accelerate the discovery process. Risk factors for depression initiate an infection-like inflammation in the brain that involves activation microglial Toll-like receptors and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). GSK3β activity alters the balance between two competing transcription factors, the pro-inflammatory/pro-oxidative transcription factor NFκB and the neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative transcription factor NRF2. The antidepressant activity of tricyclic antidepressants is assumed to involve activation of GS-coupled microglial receptors, raising intracellular cAMP levels and activation of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA and similar kinases inhibit the enzyme activity of GSK3β. Experimental antidepressant principles, including cannabinoid receptor-2 activation, opioid μ receptor agonists, 5HT2 agonists, valproate, ketamine and electrical stimulation of the Vagus nerve, all activate microglial pathways that result in GSK3β-inhibition. An in vitro screen for NRF2-activation in microglial cells with TLR-activated GSK3β activity, might therefore lead to the detection of totally novel antidepressant principles with, hopefully, an improved therapeutic efficacy.
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19
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Dietary Fats and Depressive Symptoms in Italian Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030675. [PMID: 36771380 PMCID: PMC9919703 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression represents one of the major causes of disability worldwide, with an important socioeconomic cost. Although many risk factors have been considered in its pathogenesis, nutrition seems to play a determinant role in its prevention. With regard to individual macronutrients, dietary fats and especially n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are the most studied. However, previous data about other dietary fatty acids, such as n-6 PUFA, are conflicting, and little is known about saturated fatty acids (SFA), especially when considering carbon chain length. Thus, we investigated whether single types and subtypes of dietary fats are related to depressive symptoms in Italian individuals living in the Mediterranean area. METHODS Dietary and socio-demographic data of 1572 individuals were analyzed. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were used to determine the consumption of total dietary fat and each specific class of dietary fat, such as SFA, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and PUFA. The intake of fatty acids was also assessed according to the carbon-chain length of each single class. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used as a screening tool for depressive symptoms. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounding factors, a significant inverse association between low/moderate levels of PUFA intake and depressive symptoms (Q2 vs. Q1, odds ratio (OR) = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.84) was found. On the other hand, moderate saturated fat consumption was associated with depressive symptoms (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.04). However, when considering carbon chain length, individuals with a lower to moderate intake of short-chain saturated fatty acids (SCSFA) and medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFA) were less likely to have depressive symptoms (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.75), while moderate intake of arachidic acid (C20:0) was directly associated with depressive symptoms (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.77). Among single MUFAs, higher myristoleic acid (C14:1) intake was directly associated with depressive symptoms (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.61), while moderate intake of erucic acid (C22:1) was associated with lower odds of having depressive symptoms (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.86). When considering individual PUFAs, individuals with moderate and higher intakes of arachidonic acid (C20:4) were less likely to have depressive symptoms (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.91; OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.91, respectively). Similarly, higher eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) intake was inversely associated with depressive symptoms (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.98), while a significant association for docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6) was retrieved only for low intakes (Q2 vs. Q1, OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.88). CONCLUSIONS Dietary fat intake may be associated with depressive symptoms, underlying the importance of distinguishing between different fat types. This study confirms the pivotal role of PUFAs and reopens the debate on the role of saturated fatty acids, suggesting plausible effects of moderate intakes of short-chain fatty acids.
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Carranza-Martin AC, Garcia-Guerra A, Relling AE. Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on plasma and follicular fluid resolvin D1 concentration and mRNA abundance in granulosa cells in ewes. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad310. [PMID: 37721095 PMCID: PMC10583979 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on plasma and follicular fluid resolvin D1 (RvD1) concentration and the mRNA expression of genes related to RvD1 production, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, hormone receptors and production, and free fatty acid receptors in the granulosa cells of ewes. Dorset × Hampshire ewes (n = 24) aged 2 to 4 yr and with an initial body weight (BW) of 84.08 ± 13.18 kg were blocked by body condition score (BCS) and BW, and randomly assigned to 12 pens. Each pen within each block was randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) diet without fatty acid supplementation (control), 2) diet with 0.5% n-3 PUFA supplementation (PUFA0.5), and 3) diet with 1% n-3 PUFA supplementation (PUFA1). BW, BCS, and blood samples were obtained on day 1 and every 21 d for 3 mo. Ewes were then synchronized, superstimulated, and ovariectomized. Antral follicles were aspirated to evaluate RvD1 concentration in follicular fluid, and granulosa cells were used to determine mRNA abundance. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using a mixed model (MIXED or GLIMMIX with log as a link function when data presented a nonnormal distribution). A polynomial effect of treatments was used to analyze RvD1 concentration and mRNA expression when there was no interaction. In addition, the correlation between plasma and follicular fluid RvD1 concentration was evaluated. We found no differences in BW (P = 0.28) and BCS (P = 0.29) between treatments. The concentration of RvD1 in plasma and follicular fluid linearly increased (P = 0.03) and tended to increase (P = 0.06) concomitantly to increasing PUFA supplementation. Plasma and follicular fluid RvD1 concentrations were positively correlated (r = 0.61; P < 0.01). The abundance of GPX1 and GPR32 mRNA tended to increase linearly with increasing PUFA supplementation (P = 0.06). In addition, PUFA supplementation linearly decreased and tended to decrease IL-1β and COX-2 mRNA abundance (P = 0.01 and P = 0.06, respectively). In conclusion, the correlation between plasma and follicular fluid RvD1 concentration indicates a relationship between both compartments. Also, the decrease of IL-1β and the increase of GPX1 mRNA abundance after PUFA supplementation could have beneficial effects on follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Carranza-Martin
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 44691, USA
- IGEVET – Instituto de Genética Veterinaria “Ing. Fernando N. Dulout” (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CP 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alvaro Garcia-Guerra
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 44691, USA
| | - Alejandro E Relling
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 44691, USA
- Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Nutrition Program (OSUN), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 44691, USA
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Zhang H, Chen D, Ji Q, Yang M, Ding R. miR-146a-5p Promotes the Inflammatory Response in PBMCs Induced by Microcystin-Leucine-Arginine. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1979-1993. [PMID: 37193070 PMCID: PMC10182803 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s403945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) is the most abundant and most toxic variant of microcystin isomers. Various experiments have clearly shown that MC-LR has hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity, but there are relatively few studies on its immune damage effect. In addition, numerous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in a wide range of biological processes. Do miRNAs also play a role in inflammatory response caused by microcystin exposure? This is the question to be answered in this study. Moreover, this study can also provides experimental evidence for the significance of miRNA applications. Objective To investigate the effect of MC-LR on the expressions of miR-146a and pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and to further explore the role of miR-146a in the inflammatory responses caused by MC-LR. Methods Serum samples from 1789 medical examiners were collected and detect the concentrations of MCs, and 30 serum samples with concentrations of MCs around P25, P50, and p75 were randomly selected for the detection of inflammatory factors. PBMCs from fresh peripheral blood extracted from these 90 medical examiners were subsequently tested for relative miR-146a expression. In vitro, the MC-LR were exposed to the PBMCs to detect the levels of inflammatory factors as well as the relative expression of miR-146a-5p. Then, a miRNA transfection assay was performed to verify the regulation of inflammatory factors by miR-146a-5p. Results In population samples, the expression of inflammatory factors and miR-146a-5p increased with increasing MCs concentration. In vitro experiments showed that the expression of inflammatory factors and miR-146a-5p in PBMCs increased with MC-LR exposure time or exposure dose too. In addition, inhibiting the expression of miR-146a-5p in PBMCs reduced inflammatory factor levels. Conclusion miR-146a-5p exerts a promoting effect on the MC-LR-induced inflammatory response by positively regulating inflammatory factor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daojun Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medical Technology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Daojun Chen, Email
| | - Qianqian Ji
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
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Tao Y, Leng SX, Zhang H. Ketogenic Diet: An Effective Treatment Approach for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2303-2319. [PMID: 36043794 PMCID: PMC9890290 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220830102628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the effects and mechanisms of a ketogenic diet on neurodegenerative diseases on the basis of available evidence. A ketogenic diet refers to a high-fat, mediumprotein, and low-carbohydrate diet that leads to a metabolic shift to ketosis. This review systematically summarizes the scientific literature supporting this effective treatment approach for neurodegenerative diseases, including effects on mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It also highlights the clinical evidence for the effects of the ketogenic diet in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron disease. Finally, it discusses the common adverse effects of ketogenic therapy. Although the complete mechanism of the ketogenic diet in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases remains to be elucidated, its clinical efficacy has attracted many new followers. The ketogenic diet is a good candidate for adjuvant therapy, but its specific applicability depends on the type and the degree of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Sean X Leng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle - Room 1A.38A, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Jiao J. The relationship between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and telomere: A review on proposed nutritional treatment against metabolic syndrome and potential signaling pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4457-4476. [PMID: 36330807 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2142196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities composed of central obesity, elevated blood pressure, glucose disturbances, hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidaemia, has increasingly become a public health problem in the 21st century worldwide. The dysfunction of telomeres, the repetitive DNA with highly conserved sequences (5'-TTAGGG-3'), is remarkably correlated with organismal aging, even suggesting a causal relationship with metabolic disorders. The health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in multiple disorders are associated with telomere length in evidence, which have recently drawn wide attention. However, functional targets and pathways for the associations of n-3 PUFAs and telomere with MetS remain scare. Few studies have summarized the role of n-3 PUFAs in DNA damage repair pathways, anti-inflammatory pathways, and redox balance, linking with telomere biology, and other potential telomere-related signaling pathways. This review aims to (i) elucidate how n-3 PUFAs ameliorate telomere attrition in the context of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation; (ii) unravel the role of n-3 PUFAs in modulating telomere-related neuron dysfunction and regulating the neuro-endocrine-immunological network in MetS; (iii) epidemiologically implicate the associations of metabolic disorders and n-3 PUFAs with telomere length; and (iv) suggest promising biochemical approaches and advancing methodologies to overcome the inter-variation problem helpful for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Mak KWY, Mustafa AF, Belsham DD. Neuroendocrine microRNAs linked to energy homeostasis: future therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:774-789. [PMID: 36083576 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The brain orchestrates whole-body metabolism through an intricate system involving interneuronal crosstalk and communication. Specifically, a key player in this complex circuitry is the hypothalamus that controls feeding behaviour, energy expenditure, body weight and metabolism, whereby hypothalamic neurons sense and respond to circulating hormones, nutrients, and chemicals. Dysregulation of these neurons contributes to the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The involvement of hypothalamic microRNAs, post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, in the central regulation of energy homeostasis has become increasingly apparent, although not completely delineated. This review summarizes current evidence demonstrating the regulation of feeding-related neuropeptides by brain-derived microRNAs as well as the regulation of specific miRNAs by nutrients and other peripheral signals. Moreover, the involvement of microRNAs in the central nervous system control of insulin, leptin, and estrogen signal transduction is examined. Finally, the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of microRNAs for metabolic disorders will be discussed and the regulation of brain-derived microRNAs by nutrients and other peripheral signals is considered. Demonstrating a critical role of microRNAs in hypothalamic regulation of energy homeostasis is an innovative route to uncover novel biomarkers and therapeutic candidates for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly W Y Mak
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Aws F Mustafa
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Fatty Acid Levels and Their Inflammatory Metabolites Are Associated with the Nondipping Status and Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Stroke Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092200. [PMID: 36140306 PMCID: PMC9496373 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This paper discusses the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of nondipping blood pressure and its role in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of free fatty acids (FAs) and their inflammatory metabolites on the nondipping phenomenon and the risk of sleep apnea in stroke patients. Methods: Sixty-four ischemic stroke patients were included in the prospective study. Group I consisted of 33 patients with a preserved physiological dipping effect (DIP), while group II included 31 patients with the nondipping phenomenon (NDIP). All subjects had FA gas chromatography and inflammatory metabolite measurements performed with the use of liquid chromatography, their 24 h blood pressure was recorded, and they were assessed with the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Results: In the nondipping group a higher level of C16:0 palmitic acid was observed, while lower levels were observed in regard to C20:0 arachidic acid, C22:0 behenic acid and C24:1 nervonic acid. A decreased leukotriene B4 level was recorded in the nondipping group. None of the FAs and derivatives correlated with the ESS scale in the group of patients after stroke. Correlations were observed after dividing into the DIP and NDIP groups. In the DIP group, a higher score of ESS was correlated with numerous FAs and derivatives. Inflammation of a lower degree and a higher level of anti-inflammatory mediators from EPA and DHA acids favored the occurrence of the DIP. A high level of C18: 3n6 gamma linoleic acid indicating advanced inflammation, intensified the NDIP effect. Conclusions: We demonstrated potential novel associations between the FA levels and eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of the nondipping phenomenon. There are common connections between fatty acids, their metabolites, inflammation, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and nondipping in stroke patients.
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Roohbakhsh A, Etemad L, Karimi G. Resolvin D1: A key endogenous inhibitor of neuroinflammation. Biofactors 2022; 48:1005-1026. [PMID: 36176016 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After the initiation of inflammation, a series of processes start to resolve the inflammation. A group of endogenous lipid mediators, namely specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators is at the top list of inflammation resolution. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), is one of the lipid mediators with significant anti-inflammatory properties. It is produced from docosahexaenoic acid (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) in the body. In this article, we aimed to review the most recent findings concerning the pharmacological effects of RvD1 in the central nervous system with a focus on major neurological diseases and dysfunctions. A literature review of the past studies demonstrated that RvD1 plasma level changes during mania, depression, and Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, RVD1 and its epimer, aspirin-triggered RvD1 (AT-RvD1), have significant therapeutic effects on experimental models of ischemic and traumatic brain injuries, memory dysfunction, pain, depression, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of RvD1 and AT-RvD1 were mostly induced at nanomolar and micromolar concentrations implying the significant potency of these lipid mediators in treating diseases with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Alqahtani S, Xia L, Shannahan JH. Enhanced silver nanoparticle-induced pulmonary inflammation in a metabolic syndrome mouse model and resolvin D1 treatment. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:54. [PMID: 35933425 PMCID: PMC9356467 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) exacerbates susceptibility to inhalation exposures such as particulate air pollution, however, the mechanisms responsible remain unelucidated. Previously, we determined a MetS mouse model exhibited exacerbated pulmonary inflammation 24 h following AgNP exposure compared to a healthy mouse model. This enhanced response corresponded with reduction of distinct resolution mediators. We hypothesized silver nanoparticle (AgNP) exposure in MetS results in sustained pulmonary inflammation. Further, we hypothesized treatment with resolvin D1 (RvD1) will reduce exacerbations in AgNP-induced inflammation due to MetS. RESULTS To evaluate these hypotheses, healthy and MetS mouse models were exposed to vehicle (control) or AgNPs and a day later, treated with resolvin D1 (RvD1) or vehicle (control) via oropharyngeal aspiration. Pulmonary lung toxicity was evaluated at 3-, 7-, 14-, and 21-days following AgNP exposure. MetS mice exposed to AgNPs and receiving vehicle treatment, demonstrated exacerbated pulmonary inflammatory responses compared to healthy mice. In the AgNP exposed mice receiving RvD1, pulmonary inflammatory response in MetS was reduced to levels comparable to healthy mice exposed to AgNPs. This included decreases in neutrophil influx and inflammatory cytokines, as well as elevated anti-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Inefficient resolution may contribute to enhancements in MetS susceptibility to AgNP exposure causing an increased pulmonary inflammatory response. Treatments utilizing specific resolution mediators may be beneficial to individuals suffering MetS following inhalation exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alqahtani
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA ,grid.452562.20000 0000 8808 6435Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Li Xia
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Jonathan H. Shannahan
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
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Pflieger FJ, Wolf J, Feldotto M, Nockher A, Wenderoth T, Hernandez J, Roth J, Ott D, Rummel C. Norepinephrine Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated TNF-α but Not Oxylipin Induction in n-3/n-6 PUFA-Enriched Cultures of Circumventricular Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158745. [PMID: 35955879 PMCID: PMC9368774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory circumventricular organs (sCVOs) are pivotal brain structures involved in immune-to-brain communication with a leaky blood-brain barrier that detect circulating mediators such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, we aimed to investigate the potential of sCVOs to produce n-3 and n-6 oxylipins after LPS-stimulation. Moreover, we investigated if norepinephrine (NE) co-treatment can alter cytokine- and oxylipin-release. Thus, we stimulated rat primary neuroglial sCVO cultures under n-3- or n-6-enriched conditions with LPS or saline combined with NE or vehicle. Supernatants were assessed for cytokines by bioassays and oxylipins by HPLC-MS/MS. Expression of signaling pathways and enzymes were analyzed by RT-PCR. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α bioactivity and signaling, IL-10 expression, and cyclooxygenase (COX)2 were increased, epoxide hydroxylase (Ephx)2 was reduced, and lipoxygenase 15-(LOX) was not changed by LPS stimulation. Moreover, LPS induced increased levels of several n-6-derived oxylipins, including the COX-2 metabolite 15d-prostaglandin-J2 or the Ephx2 metabolite 14,15-DHET. For n-3-derived oxylipins, some were down- and some were upregulated, including 15-LOX-derived neuroprotectin D1 and 18-HEPE, known for their anti-inflammatory potential. While the LPS-induced increase in TNFα levels was significantly reduced by NE, oxylipins were not significantly altered by NE or changes in TNFα levels. In conclusion, LPS-induced oxylipins may play an important functional role in sCVOs for immune-to-brain communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Johannes Pflieger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Wolf
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiochemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Feldotto
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Nockher
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiochemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Wenderoth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jessica Hernandez
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Roth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Ott
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Yang TX, Zhu YF, Wang CC, Yang JY, Xue CH, Huang QR, Wang YM, Zhang TT. EPA-enriched plasmalogen attenuates the cytotoxic effects of LPS-stimulated microglia on the SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line. Brain Res Bull 2022; 186:143-152. [PMID: 35728742 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microglia plays an important role in the production of inflammation in the central nervous system. Excessive nerve inflammation can cause neuronal damage and neurodegenerative disease. It has been shown that EPA-enriched ethanolamine plasmalogen (EPA-PlsEtn) significantly inhibited the expressions of inflammatory factors and suppressed neuronal loss in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. However, whether EPA-PlsEtn protects against neuronal loss by inhibiting the activation of microglia is still not clear. Therefore, we examined the effect of PlsEtn on SH-SY5Y cells incubated by conditioned medium from LPS-induced BV2 cells as a neuroinflammation model. Results showed that pre-incubation of LPS-induced BV2 cells with PlsEtn significantly improved the viability of SH-SY5Y cells by reducing the early apoptosis. The increasing production of NO and TNF-α in BV2 cells was reversed by PlsEtn treatment, while the decreasing level of IL-10 was raised. Polarization toward M1 phenotype and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome pathways are attenuated significantly by pre-treatment of PlsEtn in LPS-induced BV2 cells. The study provides evidence for a positive effect of PlsEtn on neuroprotection and the inhibition of neuroinflammation, and PlsEtn may be explored as a potential functional ingredient with neuroprotection effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xin Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jin-Yue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qing-Rong Huang
- Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, 65 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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Effects of Dietary n-3 LCPUFA Supplementation on the Hippocampus of Aging Female Mice: Impact on Memory, Lipid Raft-Associated Glutamatergic Receptors and Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137430. [PMID: 35806435 PMCID: PMC9267073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), essential molecules whose precursors must be dietary supplied, are highly represented in the brain contributing to numerous neuronal processes. Recent findings have demonstrated that LCPUFA are represented in lipid raft microstructures, where they favor molecular interactions of signaling complexes underlying neuronal functionality. During aging, the brain lipid composition changes affecting the lipid rafts’ integrity and protein signaling, which may induce memory detriment. We investigated the effect of a n-3 LCPUFA-enriched diet on the cognitive function of 6- and 15-months-old female mice. Likewise, we explored the impact of dietary n-3 LCPUFAs on hippocampal lipid rafts, and their potential correlation with aging-induced neuroinflammation. Our results demonstrate that n-3 LCPUFA supplementation improves spatial and recognition memory and restores the expression of glutamate and estrogen receptors in the hippocampal lipid rafts of aged mice to similar profiles than young ones. Additionally, the n-3 LCPUFA-enriched diet stabilized the lipid composition of the old mice’s hippocampal lipid rafts to the levels of young ones and reduced the aged-induced neuroinflammatory markers. Hence, we propose that n-3 LCPUFA supplementation leads to beneficial cognitive performance by “rejuvenating” the lipid raft microenvironment that stabilizes the integrity and interactions of memory protein players embedded in these microdomains.
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Roles of Fatty Acids in Microglial Polarization: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137300. [PMID: 35806302 PMCID: PMC9266841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial polarization to the M1 phenotype (classically activated) or the M2 phenotype (alternatively activated) is critical in determining the fate of immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). M1 macrophages contribute to neurotoxicity, neuronal and synaptic damage, and oxidative stress and are the first line of defense, and M2 macrophages elicit an anti-inflammatory response to regulate neuroinflammation, clear cell debris, and promote neuroregeneration. Various studies have focused on the ability of natural compounds to promote microglial polarization from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype in several diseases, including NDs. However, studies on the roles of fatty acids in microglial polarization and their implications in NDs are a rare find. Most of the studies support the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in microglial polarization using cell and animal models. Thus, we aimed to collect data and provide a narrative account of microglial types, markers, and studies pertaining to fatty acids, particularly PUFAs, on microglial polarization and their neuroprotective effects. The involvement of only PUFAs in the chosen topic necessitates more in-depth research into the role of unexplored fatty acids in microglial polarization and their mechanistic implications. The review also highlights limitations and future challenges.
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Mullins VA, Graham S, Cummings D, Wood A, Ovando V, Skulas-Ray AC, Polian D, Wang Y, Hernandez GD, Lopez CM, Raikes AC, Brinton RD, Chilton FH. Effects of Fish Oil on Biomarkers of Axonal Injury and Inflammation in American Football Players: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:2139. [PMID: 35631280 PMCID: PMC9146417 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited studies on neuroprotection from repeated subconcussive head impacts (RSHI) following docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation in contact sports athletes. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel-group design trial to determine the impact of 26 weeks of DHA+EPA supplementation (n = 12) vs. placebo (high-oleic safflower oil) (n = 17) on serum concentrations of neurofilament light (NfL), a biomarker of axonal injury, and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a)) in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I American football athletes. DHA+EPA supplementation increased (p < 0.01) plasma DHA and EPA concentrations throughout the treatment period. NfL concentrations increased from baseline to week 26 in both groups (treatment (<0.001); placebo (p < 0.05)), with starting players (vs. non-starters) showing significant higher circulating concentrations at week 26 (p < 0.01). Fish oil (DHA+EPA) supplementation did not mitigate the adverse effects of RSHI, as measured by NfL levels; however, participants with the highest plasma DHA+EPA concentrations tended to have lower NfL levels. DHA+EPA supplementation had no effects on inflammatory cytokine levels at any of the timepoints tested. These findings emphasize the need for effective strategies to protect American football participants from the effects of RSHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A. Mullins
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, 1230 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (V.A.M.); (S.G.); (D.C.); (A.W.); (V.O.); (A.C.S.-R.)
| | - Sarah Graham
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, 1230 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (V.A.M.); (S.G.); (D.C.); (A.W.); (V.O.); (A.C.S.-R.)
| | - Danielle Cummings
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, 1230 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (V.A.M.); (S.G.); (D.C.); (A.W.); (V.O.); (A.C.S.-R.)
| | - Alva Wood
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, 1230 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (V.A.M.); (S.G.); (D.C.); (A.W.); (V.O.); (A.C.S.-R.)
| | - Vanessa Ovando
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, 1230 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (V.A.M.); (S.G.); (D.C.); (A.W.); (V.O.); (A.C.S.-R.)
| | - Ann C. Skulas-Ray
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, 1230 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (V.A.M.); (S.G.); (D.C.); (A.W.); (V.O.); (A.C.S.-R.)
| | - Dennis Polian
- Baylor Athletics, Baylor University, 1500 South University Parks Drive, Waco, TX 76706, USA;
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (Y.W.); (G.D.H.); (C.M.L.); (A.C.R.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Gerson D. Hernandez
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (Y.W.); (G.D.H.); (C.M.L.); (A.C.R.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Claudia M. Lopez
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (Y.W.); (G.D.H.); (C.M.L.); (A.C.R.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Adam C. Raikes
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (Y.W.); (G.D.H.); (C.M.L.); (A.C.R.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Roberta D. Brinton
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (Y.W.); (G.D.H.); (C.M.L.); (A.C.R.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Floyd H. Chilton
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, 1230 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (V.A.M.); (S.G.); (D.C.); (A.W.); (V.O.); (A.C.S.-R.)
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Bosco A, Dessì A, Zanza C, Pintus R, Fanos V. Resolvins' Obesity-Driven Deficiency: The Implications for Maternal-Fetal Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081662. [PMID: 35458224 PMCID: PMC9029397 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Since pregnancy is already characterized by mild but significant inflammatory activity in physiological conditions, when complicated by obesity the probability of a persistent inflammatory state increases, with consequent multiple repercussions that add up to the complications associated with acute inflammation. In this context, the role of resolvins, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), deriving from omega-3 essential fatty acids, may be crucial. Indeed, differential production in numerous high-risk conditions associated with both childbirth and neonatal health, the correlation between maternal omega-3 intake and resolvin concentrations in maternal blood and at the placental level, and the high values found in breast milk in the first month of breastfeeding, are some of the most important hallmarks of these autacoids. In addition, a growing body of scientific evidence supports the lack of SPMs, at the level of immune-metabolic tissues, in the case of obesity. Furthermore, the obesity-related lack of SPMs seems to be decisive in the context of the current outbreak of COVID-19, as it appears to be one of the causes associated with the higher incidence of complications and negative outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The usefulness of metabolomics in this field appears clear, given that through the metabolome it is possible to observe the numerous and complex interactions between the mother, the placenta and the fetus in order to identify specific biomarkers useful in the prediction, diagnosis and monitoring of the various obstetric conditions. However, further investigations are needed in order to evaluate the possible use of some resolvins as biomarkers of maternal–fetal outcomes but also to establish adequate integration values in pregnant women with omega-3 fatty acids or with more active derivatives that guarantee optimal SPM production under risky conditions.
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Generation of resolving memory neutrophils through pharmacological training with 4-PBA or genetic deletion of TRAM. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:345. [PMID: 35418110 PMCID: PMC9007399 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the dominant leukocytes in circulation and the first responders to infection and inflammatory cues. While the roles of neutrophils in driving inflammation have been widely recognized, the contribution of neutrophils in facilitating inflammation resolution is under-studied. Here, through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, we identified a subpopulation of neutrophils exhibiting pro-resolving characteristics with greater Cd200r and Cd86 expression at the resting state. We further discovered that 4-PBA, a peroxisomal stress-reducing agent, can potently train neutrophils into the resolving state with enhanced expression of CD200R, CD86, as well as soluble pro-resolving mediators Resolvin D1 and SerpinB1. Resolving neutrophils trained by 4-PBA manifest enhanced phagocytosis and bacterial-killing functions. Mechanistically, the generation of resolving neutrophils is mediated by the PPARγ/LMO4/STAT3 signaling circuit modulated by TLR4 adaptor molecule TRAM. We further demonstrated that genetic deletion of TRAM renders the constitutive expansion of resolving neutrophils, with an enhanced signaling circuitry of PPARγ/LMO4/STAT3. These findings may have profound implications for the effective training of resolving neutrophils with therapeutic potential in the treatment of both acute infection as well as chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Emre C, Arroyo-García LE, Do KV, Jun B, Ohshima M, Alcalde SG, Cothern ML, Maioli S, Nilsson P, Hjorth E, Fisahn A, Bazan NG, Schultzberg M. Intranasal delivery of pro-resolving lipid mediators rescues memory and gamma oscillation impairment in App NL-G-F/NL-G-F mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:245. [PMID: 35314851 PMCID: PMC8938447 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained microglial activation and increased pro-inflammatory signalling cause chronic inflammation and neuronal damage in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Resolution of inflammation follows neutralization of pathogens and is a response to limit damage and promote healing, mediated by pro-resolving lipid mediators (LMs). Since resolution is impaired in AD brains, we decided to test if intranasal administration of pro-resolving LMs in the AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mouse model for AD could resolve inflammation and ameliorate pathology in the brain. A mixture of the pro-resolving LMs resolvin (Rv) E1, RvD1, RvD2, maresin 1 (MaR1) and neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) was administered to stimulate their respective receptors. We examined amyloid load, cognition, neuronal network oscillations, glial activation and inflammatory factors. The treatment ameliorated memory deficits accompanied by a restoration of gamma oscillation deficits, together with a dramatic decrease in microglial activation. These findings open potential avenues for therapeutic exploration of pro-resolving LMs in AD, using a non-invasive route. Intranasal administration of pro-resolving lipid mediators improves memory deficits and reduce microglial activation in a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting a future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Emre
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Luis E Arroyo-García
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Khanh V Do
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi, 12116, Vietnam.,PHENIKAA Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, No.167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 11313, Vietnam
| | - Bokkyoo Jun
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Makiko Ohshima
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Gómez Alcalde
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Megan L Cothern
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Silvia Maioli
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Hjorth
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Fisahn
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Marianne Schultzberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Chataigner M, Lucas C, Di Miceli M, Pallet V, Laye S, Mehaignerie A, Bouvret E, Dinel AL, Joffre C. Dietary Fish Hydrolysate Improves Memory Performance Through Microglial Signature Remodeling During Aging. Front Nutr 2021; 8:750292. [PMID: 34888336 PMCID: PMC8650686 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.750292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation, which significantly impairs cognitive function. Microglial cells, the immunocompetent cells of the brain, present a different phenotype, switching from a homeostatic signature (M0) to a more reactive phenotype called “MGnD” (microglial neurodegenerative phenotype), leading to a high production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, microglial cells can be activated by age-induced gut dysbiosis through the vagus nerve or the modulation of the peripheral immune system. Nutrients, in particular n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and low molecular weight peptides, display powerful immunomodulatory properties, and can thus prevent age-related cognitive decline. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 LC-PUFAs and low molecular weight peptides contained in a marine by-product-derived hydrolysate on microglial phenotypes and intestinal permeability and their consequences on cognition in mice. We demonstrated that the hydrolysate supplementation for 8 weeks prevented short- and long-term memory decline during aging. These observations were linked to the modulation of microglial signature. Indeed, the hydrolysate supplementation promoted homeostatic microglial phenotype by increasing TGF-β1 expression and stimulated phagocytosis by increasing Clec7a expression. Moreover, the hydrolysate supplementation promoted anti-inflammatory intestinal pathway and tended to prevent intestinal permeability alteration occurring during aging. Therefore, the fish hydrolysate appears as an interesting candidate to prevent cognitive decline during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Chataigner
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France.,Abyss Ingredients, Caudan, France
| | - Céline Lucas
- NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Di Miceli
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France.,Worcester Biomedical Research Group, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Pallet
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Laye
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Anne-Laure Dinel
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France.,NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France
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Kim SE, Lee J, An JU, Kim TH, Oh CW, Ko YJ, Krishnan M, Choi J, Yoon DY, Kim Y, Oh DK. Regioselectivity of an arachidonate 9S-lipoxygenase from Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida that biosynthesizes 9S,15S- and 11S,17S-dihydroxy fatty acids from C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1867:159091. [PMID: 34902567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) biosynthesize lipid mediators (LMs) as human signaling molecules. Among LMs, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are involved in the resolution of inflammation and infection in humans. Here, the putative LOX from the bacterium Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida was identified as arachidonate 9S-LOX. The enzyme catalyzed oxygenation at the n-12 position of C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to form 9S- and 11S-hydroperoxy fatty acids, which were reduced to 9S- and 11S-hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) by cysteine, respectively, and it catalyzed again oxygenation at the n-6 position of HFAs to form 9S,15S- and 11S,17S-DiHFAs, respectively. The regioselective residues of 9S-LOX were determined as lle395 and Val569 based on the amino acid alignment and homology models. The regioselectivity of the I395F variant was changed from the n-12 position on C20 PUFA to the n-6 position to form 15S-HFAs. This may be due to the reduction of the substrate-binding pocket by replacing the smaller Ile with a larger Phe. The V569W variant had a significantly lower second‑oxygenating activity compared to wild-type 9S-LOX because the insertion of the hydroxyl group of the first‑oxygenating products at the active site was seemed to be hindered by substituting a larger Trp for a smaller Val. The compounds, 11S-hydroxydocosapentaenoic acid, 9S,15S-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 9S,15S-dihydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, 11S,17S-hydroxydocosapentaenoic acid, and 11S,17S-dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, were newly identified by polarimeter, LC-MS/MS, and NMR. 11S,17S-DiHFAs as SPM isomers biosynthesized from C22 PUFAs showed anti-inflammatory activities in mouse and human cells. Our study contributes may stimulate physiological studies by providing new LMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ung An
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Won Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Manigandan Krishnan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhyeok Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Rengasamy M, Marsland A, Spada M, Hsiung K, Kovats T, Price RB. A chicken and egg scenario in psychoneuroimmunology: Bidirectional mechanisms linking cytokines and depression. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021; 6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Olave CJ, Ivester KM, Couëtil LL, Franco-Marmolejo J, Mukhopadhyay A, Robinson JP, Park JH. Effects of forages, dust exposure and proresolving lipids on airway inflammation in horses. Am J Vet Res 2021; 83:153-161. [PMID: 34843444 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.08.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3)-derived proresolving lipid mediators (PRLM) in the resolution of mild airway inflammation in horses. ANIMALS 20 horses with mild airway inflammation. PROCEDURES Horses previously eating hay were fed hay pellets (low Ω-3 content; n = 10) or haylage (high Ω-3 content; 9) for 6 weeks. Dust exposure was measured in the breathing zone with a real-time particulate monitor. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed at baseline, week 3, and week 6. The effect of PRLM on neutrophil apoptosis and efferocytosis was examined in vitro. BAL fluid inflammatory cell proportions, apoptosis of circulating neutrophils, efferocytosis displayed by alveolar macrophages, and plasma lipid concentrations were compared between groups fed low and high amounts of Ω-3 by use of repeated measures of generalized linear models. RESULTS Dust exposure was significantly higher with hay feeding, compared to haylage and pellets, and equivalent between haylage and pellets. BAL fluid neutrophil proportions decreased significantly in horses fed haylage (baseline, 11.8 ± 2.4%; week 6, 2.5 ± 1.1%) but not pellets (baseline, 12.1 ± 2.3%; week 6, 8.5% ± 1.7%). At week 6, horses eating haylage had significantly lower BAL neutrophil proportions than those eating pellets, and a significantly lower concentration of stearic acid than at baseline. PRLM treatments did not affect neutrophil apoptosis or efferocytosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Despite similar reduction in dust exposure, horses fed haylage displayed greater resolution of airway inflammation than those fed pellets. This improvement was not associated with increased plasma Ω-3 concentrations. Feeding haylage improves airway inflammation beyond that due to reduced dust exposure, though the mechanism remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Olave
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kathleen M Ivester
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Laurent L Couëtil
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Abhijit Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - J Paul Robinson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Jae H Park
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Li B, Yao BC, Guo ZG, Zhang SP, Song YQ, Jiang N, Ma XZ, Chen QL. Mechanism of action of resolvin D1 in inhibiting the progression of aortic dissection in mice. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1498. [PMID: 34805360 PMCID: PMC8573437 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the protective effect of resolvin D1 (RvD1) on aortic dissection (AD) in mice and explore the related mechanisms. Methods Mice were randomly divided into a blank group, model group, and RvD1 group. The RvD1 and model groups were administered 0.4% β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) solution, while the blank group was administered distilled water. When the experiment began, whether mice had AD was determined by echocardiogram. The RvD1 group was also administered RvD1 (30 µg/kg), while the model and blank groups were administered saline intraperitoneally. After 21 d, body weight trend and survival rate in the three groups were compared. The diameter of the ascending aorta of mice was detected by echocardiography. Then, the mice were sacrificed, and histopathological staining procedures were performed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect cytokines and chemokines in blood and tissue, respectively. Results At 21 d, there was no statistically significant difference in body weight between three groups (P>0.05). The survival rate showed a significant difference between the RvD1 and model group (P<0.05). Echocardiography revealed that compared with the RvD1 and blank groups, aortic dilatation was significant in the model group. Pathological staining showed that the destruction of the aortic wall structure and inflammatory cell infiltration were more noticeable in the model group than in the RvD1 group. A slight disintegration of elastic fibers and collagen in the aorta was observed in the RvD1 group, and the aortic structure was clear. The results of ELISA showed that the inflammatory factors levels in the RvD1 group, although higher than those in blank group, were significantly decreased compared with the model group. The ELISA results of AD tissue showed that at 21 d, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the aorta were significantly decreased in the RvD1 group compared with the model group (P<0.05). Conclusions Administration of RvD1 significantly delayed aortic dilation and disintegration and inhibited local macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in the early stages of aortic injury. Moreover, RvD1 significantly downregulated the expression of cytokines and chemokines in aortic tissues and serum and improved aortic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo-Chen Yao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shao-Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Song
- Tianjin Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing-Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Bokobza C, Joshi P, Schang AL, Csaba Z, Faivre V, Montané A, Galland A, Benmamar-Badel A, Bosher E, Lebon S, Schwendimann L, Mani S, Dournaud P, Besson V, Fleiss B, Gressens P, Van Steenwinckel J. miR-146b Protects the Perinatal Brain against Microglia-Induced Hypomyelination. Ann Neurol 2021; 91:48-65. [PMID: 34741343 PMCID: PMC9298799 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In the premature newborn, perinatal inflammation mediated by microglia contributes significantly to neurodevelopmental injuries including white matter injury (WMI). Brain inflammation alters development through neuroinflammatory processes mediated by activation of homeostatic microglia toward a pro‐inflammatory and neurotoxic phenotype. Investigating immune regulators of microglial activation is crucial to find effective strategies to prevent and treat WMI. Methods Ex vivo microglial cultures and a mouse model of WMI induced by perinatal inflammation (interleukin‐1‐beta [IL‐1β] and postnatal days 1–5) were used to uncover and elucidate the role of microRNA‐146b‐5p in microglial activation and WMI. Results A specific reduction in vivo in microglia of Dicer, a protein required for microRNAs maturation, reduces pro‐inflammatory activation of microglia and prevents hypomyelination in our model of WMI. Microglial miRNome analysis in the WMI model identified miRNA‐146b‐5p as a candidate modulator of microglial activation. Ex vivo microglial cell culture treated with the pro‐inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) led to overexpression of immunomodulatory miRNA‐146b‐5p but its drastic reduction in the microglial extracellular vesicles (EVs). To increase miRNA‐146b‐5p expression, we used a 3DNA nanocarrier to deliver synthetic miRNA‐146b‐5p specifically to microglia. Enhancing microglial miRNA‐146b‐5p overexpression significantly decreased LPS‐induced activation, downregulated IRAK1, and restored miRNA‐146b‐5p levels in EVs. In our WMI model, 3DNA miRNA‐146b‐5p treatment significantly prevented microglial activation, hypomyelination, and cognitive defect induced by perinatal inflammation. Interpretations These findings support that miRNA‐146b‐5p is a major regulator of microglia phenotype and could be targeted to reduce the incidence and the severity of perinatal brain injuries and their long‐term consequences. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:48–65
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Bokobza
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Pooja Joshi
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Schang
- Université de Paris, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Zsolt Csaba
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Faivre
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Montané
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Anne Galland
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Lebon
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | | | - Shyamala Mani
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France.,Curadev Pharma, Pvt. Ltd, Noida, India
| | | | - Valerie Besson
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR-S1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Butler MJ, Deems NP, Muscat S, Butt CM, Belury MA, Barrientos RM. Dietary DHA prevents cognitive impairment and inflammatory gene expression in aged male rats fed a diet enriched with refined carbohydrates. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:198-209. [PMID: 34425209 PMCID: PMC8511052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of a processed foods diet (PD) enriched with refined carbohydrates, saturated fats, and lack of fiber has increased in recent decades and likely contributed to increased incidence of chronic disease and weight gain in humans. These diets have also been shown to negatively impact brain health and cognitive function in rodents, non-human primates, and humans, potentially through neuroimmune-related mechanisms. However, mechanisms by which PD impacts the aged brain are unknown. This gap in knowledge is critical, considering the aged brain has a heightened state of baseline inflammation, making it more susceptible to secondary challenges. Here, we showed that consumption of a PD, enriched with refined carbohydrate sources, for 28 days impaired hippocampal- and amygdalar-dependent memory function in aged (24 months), but not young (3 months) F344 × BN rats. These memory deficits were accompanied by increased expression of inflammatory genes, such as IL-1β, CD11b, MHC class II, CD86, NLRP3, and complement component 3, in the hippocampus and amygdala of aged rats. Importantly, we also showed that when the same PD is supplemented with the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid DHA, these memory deficits and inflammatory gene expression changes were ameliorated in aged rats, thus providing the first evidence that DHA supplementation can protect against memory deficits and inflammatory gene expression in aged rats fed a processed foods diet. Lastly, we showed that while PD consumption increased weight gain in both young and aged rats, this effect was exaggerated in aged rats. Aging was also associated with significant alterations in hypothalamic gene expression, with no impact by DHA on weight gain or hypothalamic gene expression. Together, our data provide novel insights regarding diet-brain interactions by showing that PD consumption impairs cognitive function likely through a neuroimmune mechanism and that dietary DHA can ameliorate this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Butler
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas P Deems
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie Muscat
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Martha A Belury
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, Discovery Themes Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Sun Q, Yan H, Chen F, Jiang F, Chen W, Li D, Guo Y. Restoration of Proresolution Pathway with Exogenous Resolvin D1 Prevents Sevoflurane-Induced Cognitive Decline by Attenuating Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720249. [PMID: 34366871 PMCID: PMC8343131 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane (SEV), a commonly used volatile anesthetic, has been shown to cause cognitive decline in diabetic rats by aggregating neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Recent evidence suggests that neuroinflammation could be a consequence of failure to resolve inflammation by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators including resolvin D1 (RvD1). Here we first examined whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) alters RvD1 proresolution pathway. Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and non-diabetic Wistar rats received control or 2.6% SEV exposure for 4 h. Seven days after exposure, GK control rats, compared with Wistar control rats, had significantly lower RvD1 levels in plasma and CSF and decreased RvD1 receptor FPR2 expression in the hippocampus. SEV increased RvD1 levels in plasma and CSF and FPR2 expression in the hippocampus in Wistar rats but not in GK rats. We next examined whether RvD1 treatment of GK rats can prevent SEV-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. GK rats received control, SEV or SEV and once-daily treatment with exogenous RvD1 (0.2 ug/kg, ip) for 7 days. RvD1 administration markedly increased RvD1 levels in plasma and CSF and FPR2 expression in the hippocampus in GK rats received SEV. Compared with GK control rats, GK rats received SEV exhibited shorter freezing times in trace fear conditioning task, which was accompanied by increased microglia activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the hippocampus. RvD1 administration attenuated SEV-induced increases in microglia activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the hippocampus, preventing cognitive decline in GK rats. Notably, neither SEV nor RvD1 altered metabolic parameters in GK rats. The results suggest that RvD1 proresolution pathway is impaired in the brain of diabetic GK rats. which may enhance the susceptibility to SEV, contributing to neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Restoration of RvD1 proresolution pathway in diabetic GK rats with exogenous RvD1 can prevent SEV-induced cognitive decline by attenuating neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongdan Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Falong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fen Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongmin Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Kang H, Lee Y, Kim MB, Hu S, Jang H, Park YK, Lee JY. The loss of histone deacetylase 4 in macrophages exacerbates hepatic and adipose tissue inflammation in male but not in female mice with diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Pathol 2021; 255:319-329. [PMID: 34374436 DOI: 10.1002/path.5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation in macrophages plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response of cells. We investigated the role of macrophage histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) in diet-induced obesity and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis using macrophage-specific Hdac4 knockout mice (Hdac4MKO ). Hdac4 floxed control (Hdac4fl/fl ) and Hdac4MKO mice were fed a regular chow diet or an obesogenic high-fat/high-sucrose/high-cholesterol (HF/HS/HC) diet for 12 weeks. The loss of macrophage Hdac4, compared with Hdac4fl/fl control, aggravated the diet-induced inflammation in the liver and white adipose tissue only in male mice. Splenic monocytes isolated from male mice fed the HF/HS/HC diet showed increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensitivity and decreased Ly6C-/Ly6C+ ratios in male Hdac4MKO mice, but not in females. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from male Hdac4MKO mice had a lesser efferocytotic capacity but higher proinflammatory gene expression upon LPS stimulation than male Hdac4fl/fl mice. However, female Hdac4MKO BMMs exhibited the opposite responses. The induction of estrogen receptor α (ERα, Esr1) expression by LPS was less in male but more in female Hdac4MKO BMMs than Hdac4fl/fl BMMs. Moreover, overexpression of human HDAC4 decreased basal expression of Esr1 and abolished its induction by LPS. Inhibition of ERα increased Hdac4 with induction of inflammatory genes, whereas activation of ERα decreased Hdac4 with reduction of inflammatory genes in male and female Hdac4fl/fl BMMs treated with LPS. However, regardless of the inhibition or activation of ERα, proinflammatory genes were induced by LPS more in male Hdac4MKO BMMs than Hdac4fl/fl cells, whereas cells in females showed opposite responses. In conclusion, this study suggests that the lack of macrophage Hdac4 aggravates hepatic and white adipose inflammation in male mice with diet-induced obesity and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and not in female mice. HDAC4 and ERα appear to counteract each other, but ERα may not be a major player in sex-dependent inflammatory responses in macrophages deficient in HDAC4. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yoojin Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Siqi Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Hyungryun Jang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Cruz-Herranz A, Oertel FC, Kim K, Cantó E, Timmons G, Sin JH, Devereux M, Baker N, Michel B, Schubert RD, Rani L, Cordano C, Baranzini SE, Green AJ. Distinctive waves of innate immune response in the retina in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149228. [PMID: 34100385 PMCID: PMC8262300 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration mediates neurological disability in inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS. The role of innate immune cells in mediating this damage has remained controversial with evidence for destructive and protective effects. This has complicated efforts to develop treatment. The time sequence and dynamic evolution of the opposing functions are especially unclear. Given limits of in vivo monitoring in human diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), animal models are warranted to investigate the association and timing of innate immune activation with neurodegeneration. Using noninvasive in vivo retinal imaging of experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) in CX3CR1GFP/+–knock-in mice followed by transcriptional profiling, we are able to show 2 distinct waves separated by a marked reduction in the number of innate immune cells and change in cell morphology. The first wave is characterized by an inflammatory phagocytic phenotype preceding the onset of EAE, whereas the second wave is characterized by a regulatory, antiinflammatory phenotype during the chronic stage. Additionally, the magnitude of the first wave is associated with neuronal loss. Two transcripts identified — growth arrest–specific protein 6 (GAS6) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) — might be promising targets for enhancing protective effects of microglia in the chronic phase after initial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Cruz-Herranz
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Frederike C Oertel
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine, and.,NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kicheol Kim
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ester Cantó
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Garrett Timmons
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jung H Sin
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Devereux
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Baker
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brady Michel
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ryan D Schubert
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lakshmisahithi Rani
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christian Cordano
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sergio E Baranzini
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ari J Green
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Martinat M, Rossitto M, Di Miceli M, Layé S. Perinatal Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Development, Role in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:1185. [PMID: 33918517 PMCID: PMC8065891 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids that are provided by dietary intake. Growing evidence suggests that n-3 and n-6 PUFAs are paramount for brain functions. They constitute crucial elements of cellular membranes, especially in the brain. They are the precursors of several metabolites with different effects on inflammation and neuron outgrowth. Overall, long-chain PUFAs accumulate in the offspring brain during the embryonic and post-natal periods. In this review, we discuss how they accumulate in the developing brain, considering the maternal dietary supply, the polymorphisms of genes involved in their metabolism, and the differences linked to gender. We also report the mechanisms linking their bioavailability in the developing brain, their transfer from the mother to the embryo through the placenta, and their role in brain development. In addition, data on the potential role of altered bioavailability of long-chain n-3 PUFAs in the etiologies of neurodevelopmental diseases, such as autism, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia, are reviewed.
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Fish Hydrolysate Supplementation Containing n-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Peptides Prevents LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030824. [PMID: 33801489 PMCID: PMC7998148 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation constitutes a normal part of the brain immune response orchestrated by microglial cells. However, a sustained and uncontrolled production of proinflammatory factors together with microglial activation contribute to the onset of a chronic low-grade inflammation, leading to neuronal damage and cognitive as well as behavioral impairments. Hence, limiting brain inflammatory response and improving the resolution of inflammation could be particularly of interest to prevent these alterations. Dietary n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and low molecular weight peptides are good candidates because of their immunomodulatory and proresolutive properties. These compounds are present in a fish hydrolysate derived from marine-derived byproducts. In this study, we compared the effect of an 18-day supplementation with this fish hydrolysate to a supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in mice. In response to peripherally injected LPS, the fish hydrolysate supplementation decreased the hippocampal mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 (p < 0.001), IL-1β (p = 0.0008) and TNF-α (p < 0.0001), whereas the DHA supplementation reduced only the expression of IL-6 (p = 0.004). This decline in proinflammatory cytokine expressions was associated with an increase in the protein expression of IκB (p = 0.014 and p = 0.0054 as compared to the DHA supplementation and control groups, respectively) and to a modulation of microglial activation markers in the hippocampus. The beneficial effects of the fish hydrolysate could be due in part to the switch of the hippocampal oxylipin profile towards a more anti-inflammatory profile as compared to the DHA supplementation. Thus, the valorization of fish byproducts seems very attractive to prevent and counteract neuroinflammation.
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Relationships between inflammatory markers and suicide risk status in major depression. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 134:192-199. [PMID: 33388702 PMCID: PMC8830592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory status has been implicated in depression and suicidal behaviors. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and cytokines, two types of inflammatory biomarkers, have been associated with suicide, independent of depression severity. How these biomarkers relate to each other is less clear. We measured plasma phospholipid levels of arachidonic acid (AA%), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA%), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA%) as a percentage of total phospholipids, as well as serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), in 80 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 24 healthy controls (HC). Individual PUFA and cytokine species were compared using ANOVA across four suicide risk-stratified groups: 1) highest-risk, recent (within 5 years) suicide attempters (n = 20); 2) high-risk, severe current suicidal ideators (having intent or plan) with no recent attempt history (n = 22); 3) low-risk, current non-ideators who were also lifetime non-attempters (n = 38); and 4) HC (n = 24). None of the participants were enrolled following an acute suicide attempt. Of biomarkers studied, only DHA% (p = 0.012) and IL-1β (p = 0.002) differed between groups. In post-hoc testing, DHA% was lower in attempters than ideators (p = 0.018) or MDD non-ideators (trend level, p = 0.073). IL-1β was lowest in attempters, differentiating them from ideators (p = 0.009) and HC (p = 0.004). Recent suicide attempt, one of the most powerful predictors of suicide risk, was also most closely tied to inflammatory indices in this study. Low DHA% as an indicator of suicide risk is consistent with previous reports; however, lower IL-1β was unexpected and may relate to acuity/chronicity of inflammation. There is a need for prospective studies of immune status with respect to suicidal behaviors.
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Endocannabinoids and aging-Inflammation, neuroplasticity, mood and pain. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 115:129-172. [PMID: 33706946 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with changes in hormones, slowing of metabolism, diminished physiological processes, chronic inflammation and high exposure to oxidative stress factors, generally described as the biological cost of living. Lifestyle interventions of diet and exercise can improve the quality of life during aging and lower diet-related chronic disease. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has important effects on systemic metabolism and physiological systems, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. Exercise can reduce the loss of muscle mass and improve strength, and increase the levels of endocannabinoids (eCB) in brain and blood. Although the ECS exerts controls on multiple systems throughout life it affords benefits to natural aging. The eCB are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the primary ones are produced from arachidonic acid (n-6 PUFA) and others from the n-3 PUFA, namely eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. The eCB ligands bind to their receptors, CB1 and CB2, with effects on appetite stimulation, metabolism, immune functions, and brain physiology and neuroplasticity. Dietary families of PUFA are a primary factor that can influence the types and levels of eCB and as a consequence, the downstream actions when the ligands bind to their receptors. Furthermore, the association of eCB with the synthesis of oxylipins (OxL) is a connection between the physiological actions of eCB and the lipid derived immunological OxL mediators of inflammation. OxL are ubiquitous and influence neuroinflammation and inflammatory processes. The emerging actions of eCB on neuroplasticity, well-being and pain are important to aging. Herein, we present information about the ECS and its components, how exercise and diet affects specific eCB, their role in neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, pain, mood, and relationship to OxL. Poor nutrition status and low nutrient intakes observed with many elderly are reasons to examine the role of dietary PUFA actions on the ECS to improve health.
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El-Ansary A, Chirumbolo S, Bhat RS, Dadar M, Ibrahim EM, Bjørklund G. The Role of Lipidomics in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 24:31-48. [PMID: 31691195 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental syndrome commonly diagnosed in early childhood; it is usually characterized by impairment in reciprocal communication and speech, repetitive behaviors, and social withdrawal with loss in communication skills. Its development may be affected by a variety of environmental and genetic factors. Trained physicians diagnose and evaluate the severity of ASD based on clinical evaluations of observed behaviors. As such, this approach is inevitably dependent on the expertise and subjective assessment of those administering the clinical evaluations. There is a need to identify objective biological markers associated with diagnosis or clinical severity of the disorder. Several important issues and concerns exist regarding the diagnostic competence of the many abnormal plasma metabolites produced in the different biochemical pathways evaluated in individuals with ASD. The search for high-performing bio-analytes to diagnose and follow-up ASD development is still a major target in medicine. Dysregulation in the oxidative stress response and proinflammatory processes are major etiological causes of ASD pathogenesis. Furthermore, dicarboxylic acid metabolites, cholesterol-related metabolites, phospholipid-related metabolites, and lipid transporters and mediators are impaired in different pathological conditions that have a role in the ASD etiology. A mechanism may exist by which pro-oxidant environmental stressors and abnormal metabolites regulate clinical manifestations and development of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Autism Research and Treatment Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,CONEM Saudi Autism Research Group, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Eiman M Ibrahim
- Central Laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
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