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Lonstein JS, Meinhardt TA, Pavlidi P, Kokras N, Dalla C, Charlier TD, Pawluski JL. Maternal probiotic Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 treatment alters postpartum anxiety, cortical monoamines, and the gut microbiome. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 165:107033. [PMID: 38569396 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Peripartum mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) affect 15-20% of peripartum women and are well known to disrupt infant caregiving. A recent study in humans reported that anxiety and depressive symptoms were alleviated by peripartum treatment with the probiotic, Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001. The current study determined the effects of chronic Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 (HN001) treatment on postpartum affective and caregiving behaviors in a laboratory rodent model. Female rats were given probiotic overnight in their drinking water, or untreated water, from the first day of pregnancy through postpartum day 10. To determine whether the HN001 effects were influenced by a background of stress, half the females underwent chronic variable pregnancy stress and the other half remained undisturbed. The results revealed that, even without pregnancy stress, HN001 reduced postpartum anxiety-related behavior, increased variability in behavioral fragmentation when dams interacted with pups, increased time away from pups, and decreased prefrontal cortex norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT). Probiotic plus stress consistently reduced the latency to float in the forced swim test, increased DA and 5-HT turnovers in the prefrontal cortex, increased hippocampal NE, and reduced hypothalamic DA. Fecal microbe alpha and beta diversities were lower postpartum than prepartum, which was prevented by the probiotic treatment and/or stress. Across the entire sample lower postpartum anxiety behavior was associated with lower fecal Bacteroides dorei. This study reveals novel information about how L. rhamnosus HN001 influences postpartum behavior and microbiota-gut-brain physiology in female laboratory rats, with implications for probiotic supplement use by pregnant and postpartum women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Lonstein
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Taryn A Meinhardt
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Pavlina Pavlidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens, Goudi 11527, Greece
| | - Nikos Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens, Goudi 11527, Greece; First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Dalla
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Thierry D Charlier
- Universite de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Jodi L Pawluski
- Universite de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), Rennes F-35000, France
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Li B, Yan Y, Zhang T, Xu H, Wu X, Yao G, Li X, Yan C, Wu LL. Quercetin reshapes gut microbiota homeostasis and modulates brain metabolic profile to regulate depression-like behaviors induced by CUMS in rats. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1362464. [PMID: 38595919 PMCID: PMC11002179 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1362464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, an abundant flavonoid compound in plants, is considered a novel antidepressant; however, its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of quercetin on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression-like behaviors in rats and explore the underlying mechanisms by combining untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of brain tissue metabolites and gut microbiota. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that at the phylum level, quercetin reduced Firmicutes and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and enhanced Cyanobacteria. At the genus level, quercetin downregulated 6 and upregulated 14 bacterial species. Metabolomics analysis revealed that quercetin regulated multiple metabolic pathways, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, sphingolipid metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, and coenzyme A biosynthesis. This modulation leads to improvements in depression-like phenotypes, anxiety-like phenotypes, and cognitive function, highlighting the therapeutic potential of quercetin in treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Can Yan
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Sikiric P, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Smoday IM, Kalogjera L, Zizek H, Oroz K, Vranes H, Vukovic V, Labidi M, Strbe S, Baketic Oreskovic L, Sever M, Tepes M, Knezevic M, Barisic I, Blagaic V, Vlainic J, Dobric I, Staresinic M, Skrtic A, Jurjevic I, Boban Blagaic A, Seiwerth S. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 May Recover Brain-Gut Axis and Gut-Brain Axis Function. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050676. [PMID: 37242459 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Conceptually, a wide beneficial effect, both peripherally and centrally, might have been essential for the harmony of brain-gut and gut-brain axes' function. Seen from the original viewpoint of the gut peptides' significance and brain relation, the favorable stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 evidence in the brain-gut and gut-brain axes' function might have been presented as a particular interconnected network. These were the behavioral findings (interaction with main systems, anxiolytic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant effect, counteracted catalepsy, and positive and negative schizophrenia symptoms models). Muscle healing and function recovery appeared as the therapeutic effects of BPC 157 on the various muscle disabilities of a multitude of causes, both peripheral and central. Heart failure was counteracted (including arrhythmias and thrombosis), and smooth muscle function recovered. These existed as a multimodal muscle axis impact on muscle function and healing as a function of the brain-gut axis and gut-brain axis as whole. Finally, encephalopathies, acting simultaneously in both the periphery and central nervous system, BPC 157 counteracted stomach and liver lesions and various encephalopathies in NSAIDs and insulin rats. BPC 157 therapy by rapidly activated collateral pathways counteracted the vascular and multiorgan failure concomitant to major vessel occlusion and, similar to noxious procedures, reversed initiated multicausal noxious circuit of the occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome. Severe intracranial (superior sagittal sinus) hypertension, portal and caval hypertensions, and aortal hypotension were attenuated/eliminated. Counteracted were the severe lesions in the brain, lungs, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. In particular, progressing thrombosis, both peripherally and centrally, and heart arrhythmias and infarction that would consistently occur were fully counteracted and/or almost annihilated. To conclude, we suggest further BPC 157 therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Gojkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Maria Smoday
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Kalogjera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Oroz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Vukovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - May Labidi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Marko Sever
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijan Tepes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mario Knezevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Blagaic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Vlainic
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, lnstitute Ruder Boskovic, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Dobric
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jurjevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease as a Risk Factor for the Development of Central Nervous System Disorders. LIVERS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/livers3010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MAFLD/NAFLD is the most ordinary liver disease categorized by hepatic steatosis with the increase of surplus fat in the liver and metabolic liver dysfunction, which is associated with bigger mortality and a high medical burden. An association between MAFLD/NAFLD and central nervous system disorders including psychological disorders has been demonstrated. Additionally, MAFLD/NAFLD has been correlated with various types of neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Parkinson’s disease. Contrasted to healthy controls, patients with MAFLD/NAFLD have a greater prevalence risk of extrahepatic complications within multiple organs. Dietary interventions have emerged as effective strategies for MAFLD/NAFLD. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway involved in the regulation of Th17/Treg balance might promote the pathogenesis of several diseases including MAFLD/NAFLD. As extrahepatic complications may happen across various organs including CNS, cooperative care with individual experts is also necessary for managing patients with MAFLD/NAFLD.
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Post-Weaning Treatment with Probiotic Inhibited Stress-Induced Amnesia in Adulthood Rats: The Mediation of GABAergic System and BDNF/c-Fos Signaling Pathways. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2357-2372. [PMID: 35618945 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine the effect of post-weaning treatment with probiotics on memory formation under stress during the adult period in male Wistar rats. Considering GABA is a potential mediator between probiotics and the host, the present study also investigated the involvement of the GABAergic system in the probiotic response. The hippocampal and prefrontal cortical (PFC) expression levels of BDNF and c-Fos were also assessed to show whether the treatments affect the memory-related signaling pathway. Three weeks after birth, the post-weaning rats were fed with probiotic water (PW) or tap water (TW) for 2, 3, 4, or 5 weeks. Exposure to acute stress impaired memory formation in a passive avoidance learning task. Feeding the post-weaning animals with probiotic strains (3, 4, or 5 weeks) inhibited stress-induced amnesia of the adult period. Post-training intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjection of muscimol improved stress-induced amnesia in the animals fed with TW. ICV microinjection of muscimol inhibited probiotic treatment's significant effect on the stress response in the memory task. The expression levels of BDNF and c-Fos in the PFC and the hippocampus were significantly decreased in the stress animal group. The levels of BDNF and c-Fos were increased in the PW/stress animal group. The muscimol response was compounded with the decreased levels of BDNF and c-Fos in the PFC and the hippocampus. Thus, the GABA-A receptor mechanism may mediate the inhibitory effect of this probiotic mixture on stress-induced amnesia, which may be associated with the PFC and hippocampal BDNF/c-Fos signaling changes.
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Aleti G, Kohn JN, Troyer EA, Weldon K, Huang S, Tripathi A, Dorrestein PC, Swafford AD, Knight R, Hong S. Salivary bacterial signatures in depression-obesity comorbidity are associated with neurotransmitters and neuroactive dipeptides. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:75. [PMID: 35287577 PMCID: PMC8919597 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and obesity are highly prevalent, often co-occurring conditions marked by inflammation. Microbiome perturbations are implicated in obesity-inflammation-depression interrelationships, but how the microbiome mechanistically contributes to pathology remains unclear. Metabolomic investigations into microbial neuroactive metabolites may offer mechanistic insights into host-microbe interactions. Using 16S sequencing and untargeted mass spectrometry of saliva, and blood monocyte inflammation regulation assays, we identified key microbes, metabolites and host inflammation in association with depressive symptomatology, obesity, and depressive symptomatology-obesity comorbidity. RESULTS Gram-negative bacteria with inflammation potential were enriched relative to Gram-positive bacteria in comorbid obesity-depression, supporting the inflammation-oral microbiome link in obesity-depression interrelationships. Oral microbiome was more highly predictive of depressive symptomatology-obesity co-occurrences than of obesity or depressive symptomatology independently, suggesting specific microbial signatures associated with obesity-depression co-occurrences. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed significant changes in levels of signaling molecules of microbiota, microbial or dietary derived signaling peptides and aromatic amino acids among depressive symptomatology, obesity and comorbid obesity-depression. Furthermore, integration of the microbiome and metabolomics data revealed that key oral microbes, many previously shown to have neuroactive potential, co-occurred with potential neuropeptides and biosynthetic precursors of the neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine and serotonin. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings offer novel insights into oral microbial-brain connection and potential neuroactive metabolites involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajender Aleti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jordan N Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Emily A Troyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kelly Weldon
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shi Huang
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anupriya Tripathi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Austin D Swafford
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Suzi Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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What do experimental animal models of mood disorders tell clinicians about influence of probiotics on the gut-brain axis? POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2022-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
It is commonly pointed out that enteric microbiota have a significant impact on the behavioral and neurophysiological parameters relevant to brain-gut axis disorders. Accordingly, many data have demonstrated that probiotics can alter the central nervous system function via this gut-brain axis and commensal bacteria consumption can ameliorate stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. Thus, modulating the enteric microbiota is increasingly considered a new therapeutic approach for these disorders, although so far there is a lack of reliable pre-clinical and clinical data confirming the usefulness of probiotics in the treatment of affective disorders. In this review, we discuss various mechanisms linking specific probiotic bacteria with behaviors related to anhedonia and the exact mechanisms of their action, including data provided by using animal models and tests. Finally, we point to potential clinical impact resulting from future studies investigating the gut-brain axis activity with respect to the efficacy of probiotic treatment of mental disorders.
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Dey G, Mookherjee S. Probiotics-targeting new milestones from gut health to mental health. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6332281. [PMID: 34329424 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional probiotic food research was primarily focused on their benefits for gut health. Recently with the confirmation that the gut microbiota has a bidirectional connection with the brain, it is being proposed that modification of the microbiota can possibly extirpate neurological diseases. Development of probiotic foods and formulations for neural health benefits has garnered interest, with a renewed focus. In this context, this review discusses the evidences collected on the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of probiotics, especially during the time span of 2015-till now. Although, more clinical trials are necessary to elucidate the exact mechanism of probiotic mode of action but several of the established probiotic strains have been investigated and it appears that few of them have demonstrated their potential as 'psychobiotics'. The formulation of new psychobiotic-based therapeutics is in the spotlight. It is expected that in near future, biological effect of probiotics on neurological conditions will open up an entirely new avenue for personalized medication and healthcare in mental health, and they can be tailored according to the gut-microbiota of specific individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Dey
- School of Biotechnology, Campus 11, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. PIN-751024, India
| | - Sohom Mookherjee
- School of Biotechnology, Campus 11, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. PIN-751024, India.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Cannas S, Tonini B, Belà B, Di Prinzio R, Pignataro G, Di Simone D, Gramenzi A. Effect of a novel nutraceutical supplement (Relaxigen Pet dog) on the fecal microbiome and stress-related behaviors in dogs: A pilot study. J Vet Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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'Microbiota-metabolome interaction in depression: Could it be the new 42?'. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 43:22-24. [PMID: 33419641 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abildgaard A, Kern T, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Lund S, Wegener G. A diet-induced gut microbiota component and related plasma metabolites are associated with depressive-like behaviour in rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 43:10-21. [PMID: 32933808 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established in preclinical studies that various probiotics may improve behaviours related to psychiatric disease. We have previously shown that probiotics protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced depressive-like behaviour in Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats, whereas FSL rats on control (CON) diet were unaffected. Therefore, we hypothesised that a dysmetabolic component of depression may exist that involves the gut microbiota and that such component may be reflected in the plasma metabolome. The aims of the present study post hoc analyses were 1) to study the effect of probiotics on gut microbiota composition and its association with depressive-like behaviour in FSL rats, and 2) to identify plasma metabolites associated with gut microbiota and depressive-like behaviour. Forty-six FSL rats were fed CON or HFD and treated with multi-species probiotics (nine Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus and Lactobacillus species) for 12 weeks. Faecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA (VR4) gene amplicon sequencing (Illumina MiSeq), and an untargeted plasma metabolomics was performed. We found that probiotics increased the relative faecal abundance of the Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus and Lactobacillus genera in HFD-fed rats only. Also, a HFD-induced microbiota component associated with depressive-like behaviour was identified, and probiotics improved the component score. Finally, the plasma levels of 44 metabolites correlated with the depression-related microbiota component, and three such metabolites had good predictive ability for depressive-like behaviour. Potentially, our findings imply that a subtype of depression characterised by a diet-induced, pro-depressant gut microbiota may exist and that analysis of related plasma metabolites may reveal aberrant microbiota functioning related to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Abildgaard
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 2, Risskov, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Timo Kern
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sten Lund
- Steno Diabetes Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 2, Risskov, Denmark
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Souzedo FB, Bizarro L, Pereira APAD. O eixo intestino-cérebro e sintomas depressivos: uma revisão sistemática dos ensaios clínicos randomizados com probióticos. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: Reconhece-se atualmente a relevância do eixo intestino-cérebro para a compreensão de comportamentos e doenças mentais ou psiquiátricas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar os efeitos do consumo de probióticos sobre sintomas depressivos e depressão maior. Métodos: O presente estudo constitui uma revisão de ensaios clínicos randomizados duplos-cegos ou triplos-cegos, placebo-controlados, publicados entre 2010 e 2020. Foi realizada busca por artigos nas bases de dados PubMed, ScienceDirect e Google Scholar. Resultados: Oito artigos compuseram a amostra do presente estudo. Os resultados entre estudos são controversos e indicam que a relação de causalidade entre o consumo de probióticos e o alívio de sintomas depressivos ainda não foi estabelecida. Conclusões: Mais ensaios clínicos randomizados duplos-cegos ou triplos-cegos, placebo-controlados, que controlem potenciais fatores de confusão (p. ex.: dieta, uso de antibióticos), são necessários para verificar consistentemente a relação causal entre o consumo de probióticos e o alívio de sintomas depressivos.
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13
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Niu Y, Liang S, Wang T, Hu X, Li W, Wu X, Jin F. Pre-Gestational intake of Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 has anxiolytic effects in adolescent Sprague Dawley offspring. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01714. [PMID: 32681606 PMCID: PMC7507564 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a period of heightened susceptibility to anxiety disorders. Probiotic supplementation had a positive impact on reducing anxiety. The maternal microbiome plays an important role in child health outcomes and in the establishment of the offspring microbiome. Few studies have investigated the impact of gestational probiotic supplementation on the offspring's anxiety. METHODS The present study examined the impact of prenatal Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 supplementation (LAC) on Sprague Dawley rat offspring's anxiety-like behavior. The behaviors tested in the present study include the elevated plus maze (EPM), the open field test (OFT), and prepulse inhibition (PPI). Analyses of variance were utilized. RESULTS (a) The performance of LAC adolescent rats in the EPM was similar to that in the OFT, both of which reflect that LAC caused an antianxiety effect in adolescent offspring rats and the antianxiety effect without sex differences; (b) LAC did not change performance in PPI and did not change the sex and age differences in PPI; and c. LAC decreased the body mass of rat offspring. CONCLUSION Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 supplementation during gestation might have a moderate antianxiety effect in both males and females (especially adolescents) and be helpful for avoiding excessive body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Niu
- School of Vocational Education, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
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Barbosa RSD, Vieira-Coelho MA. Probiotics and prebiotics: focus on psychiatric disorders - a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:437-450. [PMID: 31769847 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The gut-brain axis and microbial dysbiosis may play a role in psychiatric diseases. In this view, the gut microbiota has been considered a potential therapeutic target using probiotics and prebiotics. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to find the existing clinical evidence that may justify the use of probiotics or prebiotics in psychiatric patients. DATA SOURCES PRISMA guidelines were followed for a systematic literature review of randomized controlled trials that assessed the effect of prebiotics or probiotics in patients diagnosed with a classified psychiatric disorder. DATA EXTRACTION From a total of 212 studies screened, 11 were included in the final systematic review. Quality assessment of the included trials was assessed by the Jadad scale. RESULTS Probiotics seem to offer some benefit in major depressive disorder and Alzheimer's disease. One study showed that probiotics reduced rehospitalization in patients with acute mania. In autism spectrum disorders, the results were controversial; however a single study found that early administration of probiotics showed a preventive role. No benefits were found for patients with schizophrenia. In most studies, no major adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS Although recent findings in specific psychiatric disorders are encouraging, the use of prebiotics and probiotics in clinical practice stills lacks sufficiently robust evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata S D Barbosa
- Department of Biomedicine-Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine-University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria A Vieira-Coelho
- Department of Biomedicine-Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine-University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Faculty of Medicine-University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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The Development of High-Quality Multispecies Probiotic Formulations: From Bench to Market. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082453. [PMID: 32824147 PMCID: PMC7468868 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. To date, there is an increasing number of commercially available products containing probiotics on the market. Probiotics have been recommended by health care professionals for reasons ranging from their long-term immunomodulatory effects to proven benefits in the management of different health conditions. For probiotic products, there are several important aspects that determine the success rate of the development from bench to market. The aim of this review is to explore how the current knowledge on microbe–microbe and host–microbe interactions can be used to develop high-quality, evidence-based probiotic formulations, specifically probiotic dietary supplements, with a focus on the selection of safe strains with relevant functional properties. In addition, we will highlight aspects of the probiotic manufacturing process that need to be considered during the product development and the subsequent manufacturing process to guarantee consistent efficacy of a probiotic product. For each high-quality probiotic formulation, it is important to screen multiple strains, and select only those strains that show relevant functional properties and that can be considered safe for human consumption. In addition, it is imperative that attention is paid to the product development and manufacturing process, and that safety and quality properties are monitored. Importantly, the beneficial effects of probiotics should be evaluated in product efficacy studies and post-marketing surveys in order to demonstrate their clinical efficacy. All these aspects need to be evaluated and validated during the development of a successful high-quality and ready-to-market probiotic.
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Potential therapeutic applications of the gut microbiome in obesity: from brain function to body detoxification. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1818-1831. [PMID: 32523034 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is rising every year and associated comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. The gut microbiota has recently emerged as a potential target for therapeutic applications to prevent and treat those comorbidities. In this review, we focus on three conditions related to obesity in which the use of gut microbiota modulators could have benefits; mood disorders, eating behaviors, and body detoxification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). On one hand, modulation of gut-derived signals to the brain in a context of obesity is involved in the development of neuroinflammation and can subsequently alter behaviors. An altered gut microbiome could change these signals and alleviate their consequences. On the other hand, obesity is associated with an increased accumulation of lipophilic contaminants, such as POPs. Targeting the microbiota could help body detoxication by reducing bioavailability, enhancing degradation by bioremediation or their excretion through the enterohepatic circulation. Thus, a supplementation of prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics could represent a complementary strategy to current ones, such as medication and lifestyle modifications, to decrease depression, alter eating behaviors, and lower body burden of pollutants considering the actual obesity epidemic our society is facing.
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17
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Flux MC, Lowry CA. Finding intestinal fortitude: Integrating the microbiome into a holistic view of depression mechanisms, treatment, and resilience. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 135:104578. [PMID: 31454550 PMCID: PMC6995775 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression affects at least 322 million people globally, or approximately 4.4% of the world's population. While the earnestness of researchers and clinicians to understand and treat depression is not waning, the number of individuals suffering from depression continues to increase over and above the rate of global population growth. There is a sincere need for a paradigm shift. Research in the past decade is beginning to take a more holistic approach to understanding depression etiology and treatment, integrating multiple body systems into whole-body conceptualizations of this mental health affliction. Evidence supports the hypothesis that the gut microbiome, or the collective trillions of microbes inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, is an important factor determining both the risk of development of depression and persistence of depressive symptoms. This review discusses recent advances in both rodent and human research that explore bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the immune, endocrine, and central nervous systems implicated in the etiology and pathophysiology of depression. Through interactions with circulating inflammatory markers and hormones, afferent and efferent neural systems, and other, more niche, pathways, the gut microbiome can affect behavior to facilitate the development of depression, exacerbate current symptoms, or contribute to treatment and resilience. While the challenge of depression may be the direst mental health crisis of our age, new discoveries in the gut microbiome, when integrated into a holistic perspective, hold great promise for the future of positive mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Flux
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience, and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Senior Fellow, VIVO Planetary Health, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 07093, USA.
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18
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Souto TDS, Nakao FSN, Giriko CÁ, Dias CT, Cheberle AIDP, Lambertucci RH, Mendes-da-Silva C. Lard-rich and canola oil-rich high-fat diets during pregnancy promote rats’ offspring neurodevelopmental delay and behavioral disorders. Physiol Behav 2020; 213:112722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Cryan JF, O'Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, Sandhu KV, Bastiaanssen TFS, Boehme M, Codagnone MG, Cussotto S, Fulling C, Golubeva AV, Guzzetta KE, Jaggar M, Long-Smith CM, Lyte JM, Martin JA, Molinero-Perez A, Moloney G, Morelli E, Morillas E, O'Connor R, Cruz-Pereira JS, Peterson VL, Rea K, Ritz NL, Sherwin E, Spichak S, Teichman EM, van de Wouw M, Ventura-Silva AP, Wallace-Fitzsimons SE, Hyland N, Clarke G, Dinan TG. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1877-2013. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1243] [Impact Index Per Article: 248.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, the past 15 yr have seen the emergence of the microbiota (the trillions of microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one of the key regulators of gut-brain function and has led to the appreciation of the importance of a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis is gaining ever more traction in fields investigating the biological and physiological basis of psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, and neurodegenerative disorders. The microbiota and the brain communicate with each other via various routes including the immune system, tryptophan metabolism, the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system, involving microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, and peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence microbiota composition in early life, including infection, mode of birth delivery, use of antibiotic medications, the nature of nutritional provision, environmental stressors, and host genetics. At the other extreme of life, microbial diversity diminishes with aging. Stress, in particular, can significantly impact the microbiota-gut-brain axis at all stages of life. Much recent work has implicated the gut microbiota in many conditions including autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models have been paramount in linking the regulation of fundamental neural processes, such as neurogenesis and myelination, to microbiome activation of microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing and will greatly enhance the field. Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kenneth J. O'Riordan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitlin S. M. Cowan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiran V. Sandhu
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus Boehme
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin G. Codagnone
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sofia Cussotto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christine Fulling
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna V. Golubeva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katherine E. Guzzetta
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Minal Jaggar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M. Long-Smith
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joshua M. Lyte
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason A. Martin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alicia Molinero-Perez
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Moloney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emanuela Morelli
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Enrique Morillas
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rory O'Connor
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joana S. Cruz-Pereira
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Veronica L. Peterson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Rea
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathaniel L. Ritz
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin Sherwin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simon Spichak
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emily M. Teichman
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcel van de Wouw
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana Paula Ventura-Silva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shauna E. Wallace-Fitzsimons
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Sun Y, Geng W, Pan Y, Wang J, Xiao P, Wang Y. Supplementation with Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens ZW3 from Tibetan Kefir improves depression-like behavior in stressed mice by modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2019; 10:925-937. [PMID: 30698577 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02096e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that probiotics can effectively improve depression-like behavior. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the antidepressant effect of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens CGMCC2809 (ZW3) isolated from Tibetan Kefir grains was investigated using a mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). ZW3 improved depression-like behavior and independent exploration ability in the CUMS group. Moreover, ZW3 regulated biochemical disorders in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, immune system and tryptophan metabolism caused by stress. Furthermore, ZW3 could modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, and alleviate constipation by improving the fecal water content in stressed mice. We found that the probiotic strain was present in the whole intestine, even 7 days after its administration was stopped. These results suggest that L. kefiranofaciens ZW3 might improve depression by regulating the gut microbiota as a probiotic food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Faculty of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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21
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Chahwan B, Kwan S, Isik A, van Hemert S, Burke C, Roberts L. Gut feelings: A randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial of probiotics for depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2019; 253:317-326. [PMID: 31078831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide; with evidence suggesting that decreased gut barrier function and inflammation are correlated with depressive symptoms. We conducted a clinical trial to determine the effect of consumption of probiotic supplements (Winclove's Ecologic® Barrier) on depressive symptoms in a sample of participants with mild to severe depression. METHOD 71 participants were randomly allocated to either probiotic or placebo, which was, consumed daily over eight weeks. Pre- and post-intervention measures of symptoms and vulnerability markers of depression as well as gut microbiota composition were compared. Clinical trial participants were also compared on psychological variables and gut microbiota composition to a non-depressed group (n = 20). RESULTS All clinical trial participants demonstrated improvement in symptoms, suggesting non-specific therapeutic effects associated with weekly monitoring visits. Participants in the probiotic group demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in cognitive reactivity compared with the placebo group, particularly in the mild/moderate subgroup. Probiotics did not significantly alter the microbiota of depressed individuals, however, a significant correlation was found between Ruminococcus gnavus and one depression metric. LIMITATIONS There was a high attrition rate, which may be attributed to weekly monitoring visits. Additionally, modulation of the gut microbiota may need more specific testing to distinguish subtle changes. CONCLUSIONS While microbiota composition was similar between all groups, probiotics did affect a psychological variable associated with susceptibility to depression. Further research is needed to investigate how probiotics can be utilised to modify mental wellbeing, and whether they can act as an adjunct to existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahia Chahwan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sophia Kwan
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Ashling Isik
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Catherine Burke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Lynette Roberts
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
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Bannach-Brown A, Tillmann S, MacLeod MR, Wegener G. Administration of galacto-oligosaccharide prebiotics in the Flinders Sensitive Line animal model of depression. BMJ OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 3:e000017. [PMID: 35047681 PMCID: PMC8647602 DOI: 10.1136/bmjos-2018-000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Major depressive disorder is the leading source of disability globally and current pharmacological treatments are less than adequate. Animal models such as the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats are used to mimic aspects of the phenotype in the human disorder and to characterise candidate antidepressant agents. Communication between the gut microbiome and the brain may play an important role in psychiatric disorders such as depression. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota may serve as potential treatments for depression, and this drives increasing research into the effect of probiotics and prebiotics in neuropsychiatric disorders. Prebiotics, galacto-oligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides that stimulate the activity of gut bacteria have been reported to have a positive impact, reducing anxiety and depressive-like phenotypes and stress-related physiology in mice and rats, as well as in humans. Bimuno, the commercially available beta-galacto-oligosaccharide, has been shown to increase gut microbiota diversity. Aim Here, we aim to investigate the effect of Bimuno on rat anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviour and gut microbiota composition in the FSL model, a genetic model of depression, in comparison to their control, the Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) rats. Methods Sixty-four male rats aged 5–7 weeks, 32 FSL and 32 FRL rats, will be randomised to receive Bimuno or control (4 g/kg) daily for 4 weeks. Animals will be tested by an experimenter unaware of group allocation on the forced swim test to assessed depressive-like behaviour, the elevated plus maze to assess anxiety-like behaviour and the open field test to assess locomotion. Animals will be weighed and food and water intake, per kilogram of bodyweight, will be recorded. Faeces will be collected from each animal prior to the start of the experiment and on the final day to assess the bacterial diversity and relative abundance of bacterial genera in the gut. All outcomes and statistical analysis will be carried out blinded to group allocation, group assignments will be revealed after raw data have been uploaded to Open Science Framework. Two-way analysis of variance will be carried out to investigate the effect of treatment (control or prebiotic) and strain (FSL or FRL) on depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bannach-Brown
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sandra Tillmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Gregers Wegener
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Tillmann S, Wegener G. Probiotics reduce risk-taking behavior in the Elevated Plus Maze in the Flinders Sensitive Line rat model of depression. Behav Brain Res 2019; 359:755-762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sun L, Ma L, Zhang H, Cao Y, Wang C, Hou N, Huang N, von Deneen KM, Zhao C, Shi Y, Pan Y, Wang M, Ji G, Nie Y. Fto Deficiency Reduces Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors in Mice via Alterations in Gut Microbiota. Theranostics 2019; 9:721-733. [PMID: 30809304 PMCID: PMC6376469 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and obesity have high concurrence within individuals, which may be explained by sharing the same risk factors, including disruption of the intestinal microbiota. However, evidence that delineated the causal connections is extremely scarce. Methods: Mice lacking fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (Fto) were generated. Fto-deficient and wild-type control mice were subjected to novel conditions with or without chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 6 weeks. Some mice were treated with antibiotics via their drinking water for 6 weeks in order to deplete their microbiota. Behavioral tests were performed to evaluate anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. 16S rRNA amplicon and metagenomic sequencing were employed to analyse fecal microbiota. Plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were also compared. Results: Deletion of Fto led to lower body weight and decreased anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, Fto+/- mice were also less susceptible to stress stimulation, highlighting the essential role of Fto in pathogenesis of depression. With regard to gut microbiota, Fto deficiency mice harbored specific bacterial signature of suppressing inflammation, characterized with higher abundance of Lactobacillus, lower Porphyromonadaceae and Helicobacter. Critically, behavioral alterations of Fto+/- mice are mediated by shift in gut microbiota, as such changes can be partially attenuated using antibiotics. Exposure to CUMS increased serum IL-6 level while Fto deficiency reduced its level, which may be explained by a lower LPS concentration. Conclusion: Together, our findings uncover the roles of Fto on depression and provide insights into microbiota-related biological mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi׳an, 710032, China
| | - Lanjing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Haohao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Nannan Hou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Number 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, MI 102206, China
| | - Niu Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Number 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, MI 102206, China
| | - Karen M. von Deneen
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Changhai Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi׳an, 710032, China
| | - Yupeng Shi
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meixia Wang
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Ji
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Abildgaard A, Kern T, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Wegener G, Lund S. The antidepressant-like effect of probiotics and their faecal abundance may be modulated by the cohabiting gut microbiota in rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:98-110. [PMID: 30396698 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have been published describing the effect of various probiotics (PRO) on behaviours related to psychiatric disease. We have previously shown a robust antidepressant-like effect of PRO in rats, but over time, the treatment effect seems to vary significantly between different sets of rats from the same commercial vendor. Therefore, we hypothesised that the antidepressant-like response may be modulated by the cohabiting gut microbiota. The aims of the present study were (1) to investigate any differences in the gut microbiota composition between responders (Resp) and non-responders (Non-resp) to PRO with regards to depressive-like behaviour, and (2) to evaluate the effects of PRO on the microbiota composition. Two sets of 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats each were treated with multi-species PRO (nine Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus and Lactobacillus species) for eight weeks and subjected to a behavioural assessment. Faecal samples were collected for 16 s rRNA (VR4) gene amplicon sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). As previously reported, PRO-treated Resp animals showed a marked decrease in depressive-like behaviour, whereas no such response was seen in Non-resp. We observed profound differences in the gut microbiota composition between the two sets of rats, and the relative faecal abundance of the genera that comprised PRO was higher in Resp than in Non-resp although treated with the same dose of PRO. Particularly, the relative abundance of the Lactobacillus genus was not increased in PRO-treated Non-resp animals. In conclusion, the cohabiting microbiota and the faecal abundance of PRO may modulate the antidepressant-like effect of PRO in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Abildgaard
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 2, Risskov, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Timo Kern
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 2, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Sten Lund
- Department of Medical Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Avolio E, Fazzari G, Zizza M, De Lorenzo A, Di Renzo L, Alò R, Facciolo RM, Canonaco M. Probiotics modify body weight together with anxiety states via pro-inflammatory factors in HFD-treated Syrian golden hamster. Behav Brain Res 2019; 356:390-399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tillmann S, Abildgaard A, Winther G, Wegener G. Altered fecal microbiota composition in the Flinders sensitive line rat model of depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1445-1457. [PMID: 30470860 PMCID: PMC6599185 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a potential mediator of psychiatric diseases. Depressed patients have been shown to have a different microbiota composition compared with healthy controls, and several lines of research now aim to restore this dysbiosis. To develop novel treatments, preclinical models may provide novel mechanistic insights. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We characterized the gut microbiota of male adult Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rats, an animal model of depression, and their controls, Flinders resistant line (FRL) rats using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Moreover, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation (using saline or pooled FRL/FSL feces) to study if the potential strain-specific differences could be transferred from one strain to the other, and if these differences were reflected in their depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test. RESULTS FSL rats tended to have lower bacterial richness and altered relative abundances of several bacterial phyla, families, and species, including higher Proteobacteria and lower Elusimicrobia and Saccharibacteria. There was a clear separation between FRL and FSL rat strains, but no effect of treatment, i.e., the bacterial composition of FSL rats receiving FRL feces was still more similar to FSL and not FRL rats. Similarly, the transplantation did not reverse behavioral differences in the forced swim test, although FSL feces significantly increased immobility compared with saline. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the gut microbiota composition of the depressive-like rats markedly differed from their controls, which may be of value for future microbiota-targeted work in this and similar animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tillmann
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Anders Abildgaard
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gudrun Winther
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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28
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Papalini S, Michels F, Kohn N, Wegman J, van Hemert S, Roelofs K, Arias-Vasquez A, Aarts E. Stress matters: Randomized controlled trial on the effect of probiotics on neurocognition. Neurobiol Stress 2018; 10:100141. [PMID: 30937347 PMCID: PMC6430409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed. In animals, probiotics reverse gut microbiome-related alterations in depression-like symptoms, in cognition, and in hormonal stress response. However, in humans, a causal understanding of the gut-brain link in emotion and cognition is lacking. Additionally, whether the effects of probiotics on neurocognition are visible only in presence of stress, remains unclear. We investigated the effects of a multispecies probiotic (Ecologic®Barrier) on specific neurocognitive measures of emotion reactivity, emotion regulation, and cognitive control using fMRI. Critically, we also tested whether probiotics can buffer against the detrimental effects of acute stress on working memory. In a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, between-subjects intervention study, 58 healthy participants were tested once before and once after a 28-day intervention. Without stress induction, probiotics did not affect brain, behavioral, or related self-report measures. However, relative to placebo, the probiotics group did show a significant stress-related increase in working memory performance after supplementation. This change was associated with intervention-related neural changes in frontal cortex during cognitive control exclusively in the probiotics group. Overall, our results show neurocognitive effects of a multispecies probiotic in healthy women only under challenging situations, buffering against the detrimental effects of stress on cognition. We ran a randomized placebo-controlled fMRI study with a multispecies probiotic. Probiotics did not affect neurocognitive measures of emotion and cognitive control. Probiotics did affect stress-related working memory and neural correlates. Probiotics in healthy individuals can support cognition under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Papalini
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - F. Michels
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - N. Kohn
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J. Wegman
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - K. Roelofs
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A. Arias-Vasquez
- Radboud University Medical Center, Departments of Psychiatry, Human Genetics & Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - E. Aarts
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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29
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Cross-species examination of single- and multi-strain probiotic treatment effects on neuropsychiatric outcomes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 99:160-197. [PMID: 30471308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interest in elucidating gut-brain-behavior mechanisms and advancing neuropsychiatric disorder treatments has led to a recent proliferation of probiotic trials. Yet, a considerable gap remains in our knowledge of probiotic efficacy across populations and experimental contexts. We conducted a cross-species examination of single- and multi-strain combinations of established probiotics. Forty-eight human (seven infant/child, thirty-six young/middle-aged adult, five older adult) and fifty-eight non-human (twenty-five rat, twenty-seven mouse, five zebrafish, one quail) investigations met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Heterogeneity of probiotic strains, substrains, and study methodologies limited our ability to conduct meta-analyses. Human trials detected variations in anxiety, depression, or emotional regulation (single-strain 55.6%; multi-strain 50.0%) and cognition or social functioning post-probiotic intake (single-strain 25.9%; multi-strain 31.5%). For the non-human studies, single- (60.5%) and multi-strain (45.0%) combinations modified stress, anxiety, or depression behaviors in addition to altering social or cognitive performance (single-strain 57.9%; multi-strain 85.0%). Rigorous trials that confirm existing findings, investigate additional probiotic strain/substrain combinations, and test novel experimental paradigms, are necessary to develop future probiotic treatments that successfully target specific neuropsychiatric outcomes.
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30
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Bailey MT, Cryan JF. The microbiome as a key regulator of brain, behavior and immunity: Commentary on the 2017 named series. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:18-22. [PMID: 28843452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus on the microbiome for the 2017 Named Series in Brain, Behavior, and Immunity reflects the rapidly growing interest in commensal microbes and the effects that they can have on physiological processes often studied in PsychoNeuroImmunology Research. The studies included in this Named Series show that commensal microbes can impact immune system activity, as well as brain and behavioral processes across the lifespan, and are involved in behavioral and immunological responses to social stresses. The studies also show that dietary effects on brain, behavior, and immunity often involve alterations of the gut microbiota. Thus, diet can be used therapeutically for diseases and conditions involving the brain, behavior, and immunity, as can treatment with both pre- and probiotics. While this has been widely tested in animal models, fewer studies have focused on pre- and probiotic treatment in humans. The studies in this Named Series highlight the challenges of probiotic research in human populations, but also highlight the future promise of probiotics for human health. While emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression have been often been linked to alterations in the gut microbiota, studies in this Named Series identify new domains involving interactions between the microbiota, brain, behavior, and immunity, including schizophrenia, traumatic brain injury, and stroke. As a whole, this collection of work demonstrates the importance of the microbiome in regulating key aspects of immunity, brain, and behavior, and provides important rationale for extending the work so that findings can be translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Bailey
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210 3, United States; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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31
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Tunapong W, Apaijai N, Yasom S, Tanajak P, Wanchai K, Chunchai T, Kerdphoo S, Eaimworawuthikul S, Thiennimitr P, Pongchaidecha A, Lungkaphin A, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Chronic treatment with prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics attenuated cardiac dysfunction by improving cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in male obese insulin-resistant rats. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2091-2104. [PMID: 28608320 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In metabolic syndrome, the composition of gut microbiota has been disrupted, and is associated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Several types of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been shown to exert cardioprotection by restoring gut microbiota from dysbiosis and reducing systemic inflammation. However, the effects of prebiotics such as xylooligosaccharides (XOS); probiotics such as Lactobacillus paracasei STII01 HP4, and synbiotics on metabolic and LV function in obese insulin-resistant rats have not been investigated. In this study, we hypothesized that prebiotics and probiotics improve metabolic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP), and LV function by attenuating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, and that synbiotics provide greater efficacy than a single regimen in obese insulin resistance. METHODS Rats were fed with either normal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and then rats in each dietary group were randomly subdivided into four subgroups to receive either a vehicle, prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics for another 12 weeks. Metabolic parameters, BP, HRV, LV function, cardiac mitochondrial function, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress were determined. RESULTS HFD-fed rats had obese insulin resistance with markedly increased systemic inflammatory marker [Serum LPS; ND; 0.6 ± 0.1 EU/ml vs. HFD; 5.7 ± 1.2 EU/ml (p < 0.05)], depressed HRV, and increased BP and LV dysfunction [%ejection fraction; ND; 93 ± 2% vs. HFD; 83 ± 2% (p < 0.05)]. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics attenuated insulin resistance by improving insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles. All interventions also improved HRV, BP, LV function [%ejection fraction; HFV; 81 ± 2% vs. HFPE; 93 ± 3%, HFPO; 92 ± 1%, HFC; 92 ± 2% (p < 0.05)] by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation in obese insulin-resistant rats. CONCLUSION Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics shared similar efficacy in reducing insulin resistance and LV dysfunction in obese insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannipa Tunapong
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sakawdaurn Yasom
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pongpan Tanajak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Keerati Wanchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sathima Eaimworawuthikul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Parameth Thiennimitr
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Pongchaidecha
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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