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Wang C, Cheng F, Han Z, Yan B, Liao P, Yin Z, Ge X, Li D, Zhong R, Liu Q, Chen F, Lei P. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cell exosomes improve blood-brain barrier function after intracerebral hemorrhage by activating astrocytes via PI3K/AKT/MCP-1 axis. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:518-532. [PMID: 38819064 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202502000-00029/figure1/v/2024-05-28T214302Z/r/image-tiff Cerebral edema caused by blood-brain barrier injury after intracerebral hemorrhage is an important factor leading to poor prognosis. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cell exosomes (hiPSC-NSC-Exos) have shown potential for brain injury repair in central nervous system diseases. In this study, we explored the impact of hiPSC-NSC-Exos on blood-brain barrier preservation and the underlying mechanism. Our results indicated that intranasal delivery of hiPSC-NSC-Exos mitigated neurological deficits, enhanced blood-brain barrier integrity, and reduced leukocyte infiltration in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Additionally, hiPSC-NSC-Exos decreased immune cell infiltration, activated astrocytes, and decreased the secretion of inflammatory cytokines like monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and tumor necrosis factor-α post-intracerebral hemorrhage, thereby improving the inflammatory microenvironment. RNA sequencing indicated that hiPSC-NSC-Exo activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in astrocytes and decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion, thereby improving blood-brain barrier integrity. Treatment with the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 or the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 neutralizing agent C1142 abolished these effects. In summary, our findings suggest that hiPSC-NSC-Exos maintains blood-brain barrier integrity, in part by downregulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion through activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conglin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangyuan Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoli Han
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Liao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xintong Ge
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongrong Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ping Lei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Zhu S, Liu X, Lu X, Liao Q, Luo H, Tian Y, Cheng X, Jiang Y, Liu G, Chen J. Biomaterials and tissue engineering in traumatic brain injury: novel perspectives on promoting neural regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2157-2174. [PMID: 38488550 PMCID: PMC11034597 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a serious medical condition that can be attributed to falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries and acts of violence, causing a series of neural injuries and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, limited accessibility to the injury sites, complicated histological and anatomical structure, intricate cellular and extracellular milieu, lack of regenerative capacity in the native cells, vast variety of damage routes, and the insufficient time available for treatment have restricted the widespread application of several therapeutic methods in cases of central nervous system injury. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged as innovative approaches in the field of nerve regeneration. By combining biomaterials, stem cells, and growth factors, these approaches have provided a platform for developing effective treatments for neural injuries, which can offer the potential to restore neural function, improve patient outcomes, and reduce the need for drugs and invasive surgical procedures. Biomaterials have shown advantages in promoting neural development, inhibiting glial scar formation, and providing a suitable biomimetic neural microenvironment, which makes their application promising in the field of neural regeneration. For instance, bioactive scaffolds loaded with stem cells can provide a biocompatible and biodegradable milieu. Furthermore, stem cells-derived exosomes combine the advantages of stem cells, avoid the risk of immune rejection, cooperate with biomaterials to enhance their biological functions, and exert stable functions, thereby inducing angiogenesis and neural regeneration in patients with traumatic brain injury and promoting the recovery of brain function. Unfortunately, biomaterials have shown positive effects in the laboratory, but when similar materials are used in clinical studies of human central nervous system regeneration, their efficacy is unsatisfactory. Here, we review the characteristics and properties of various bioactive materials, followed by the introduction of applications based on biochemistry and cell molecules, and discuss the emerging role of biomaterials in promoting neural regeneration. Further, we summarize the adaptive biomaterials infused with exosomes produced from stem cells and stem cells themselves for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Finally, we present the main limitations of biomaterials for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and offer insights into their future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiyue Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huiyang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yaxin Jiang
- Out-patient Department, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guangdi Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Rasouli A, Roshangar L, Hosseini M, Pourmohammadfazel A, Nikzad S. Beyond boundaries: The therapeutic potential of exosomes in neural microenvironments in neurological disorders. Neuroscience 2024; 553:98-109. [PMID: 38964450 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a diverse group of conditions that can significantly impact individuals' quality of life. The maintenance of neural microenvironment homeostasis is essential for optimal physiological cellular processes. Perturbations in this delicate balance underlie various pathological manifestations observed across various neurological disorders. Current treatments for neurological disorders face substantial challenges, primarily due to the formidable blood-brain barrier and the intricate nature of neural tissue structures. These obstacles have resulted in a paucity of effective therapies and inefficiencies in patient care. Exosomes, nanoscale vesicles that contain a complex repertoire of biomolecules, are identifiable in various bodily fluids. They hold substantial promise in numerous therapeutic interventions due to their unique attributes, including targeted drug delivery mechanisms and the ability to cross the BBB, thereby enhancing their therapeutic potential. In this review, we investigate the therapeutic potential of exosomes across a range of neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury, brain tumors, and stroke. Through both in vitro and in vivo studies, our findings underscore the beneficial influence of exosomes in enhancing the neural microenvironment following neurological diseases, offering promise for improved neural recovery and management in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arefe Rasouli
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammadbagher Hosseini
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Pourmohammadfazel
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Xu C, Jiang C, Li Z, Gao H, Xian J, Guo W, He D, Peng X, Zhou D, Li D. Exosome nanovesicles: biomarkers and new strategies for treatment of human diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e660. [PMID: 39015555 PMCID: PMC11247338 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles of cellular origin. One of the main characteristics of exosomes is their ability to carry a wide range of biomolecules from their parental cells, which are important mediators of intercellular communication and play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes have the advantages of biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and wide biodistribution. As researchers' understanding of exosomes has increased, various strategies have been proposed for their use in diagnosing and treating diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the biogenesis and composition of exosomes, describe the relationship between exosomes and disease progression, and focus on the use of exosomes as biomarkers for early screening, disease monitoring, and guiding therapy in refractory diseases such as tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. We also summarize the current applications of exosomes, especially engineered exosomes, for efficient drug delivery, targeted therapies, gene therapies, and immune vaccines. Finally, the current challenges and potential research directions for the clinical application of exosomes are also discussed. In conclusion, exosomes, as an emerging molecule that can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, combined with multidisciplinary innovative solutions, will play an important role in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xu
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Chaoyang Jiang
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Jing Xian
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Wenyan Guo
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Dan He
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChina National Nuclear Corporation 416 HospitalChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Daijun Zhou
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Dong Li
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
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Zhang X, Guo J, Liu J, Liu J, Li Z, Chen J, Jiang J, Zhang K, Zhou B. Exosomal Src from hypoxic vascular smooth muscle cells exacerbates ischemic brain injury by promoting M1 microglial polarization. Neurochem Int 2024; 179:105819. [PMID: 39084350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory response mediated by M1 microglia is a crucial factor leading to the exacerbation of brain injury after ischemic stroke (IS). Under the stimulation of IS, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) switch to the synthetic phenotype characterized by exosome secretion. Previous studies have shown that exosomes play an important role in the regulation of microglial polarization. We reported that exosomes derived from primary human brain VSMCs under hypoxia (HExos), but not those under normoxia (Exos), significantly promoted primary human microglia (HM1900) shift to M1 phenotype. Proteomic analysis showed that the Src protein enriched in HExos was a potential pro-inflammatory mediator. In vitro experiments showed that the expression of Src and M1 markers were upregulated in HM1900 co-incubated with HExos. However, the Src inhibitor dasatinib (DAS) significantly promoted the transformation of HM1900 phenotype from M1 to M2. In vivo experiments of pMCAO mice also revealed that DAS could effectively inhibit the activation of M1 microglia/macrophages, protect neurons from apoptosis, and improve neuronal function. These data suggested that hypoxic-VSMCs-derived exosomes were involved in post-IS inflammation by promoting M1 microglial polarization through Src transmission. Targeting inhibition of Src potentially acts as an effective strategy for treating brain injury after IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhang
- Center of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Jingpei Guo
- Center of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Junbin Liu
- Center of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Center of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Zhaozhu Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanhai District of Foshan City, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528211, China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- Center of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- College of Education, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Center of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- Center of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China.
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6
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Wen JP, Ou SJ, Liu JB, Zhang W, Qu YD, Li JX, Xia CL, Yang Y, Qi Y, Xu CP. Global trends in publications regarding macrophages-related diabetic foot ulcers in the last two decades. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1627-1644. [PMID: 39099825 PMCID: PMC11292333 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i7.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most severe and popular complications of diabetes. The persistent non-healing of DFUs is the leading cause of ampu-tation, which causes significant mental and financial stress to patients and their families. Macrophages are critical cells in wound healing and perform essential roles in all phases of wound healing. However, no studies have been carried out to systematically illustrate this area from a scientometric point of view. Although there have been some bibliometric studies on diabetes, reports focusing on the investigation of macrophages in DFUs are lacking. AIM To perform a bibliometric analysis to systematically assess the current state of research on macrophage-related DFUs. METHODS The publications of macrophage-related DFUs from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2023, were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection on January 9, 2024. Four different analytical tools: VOSviewer (v1.6.19), CiteSpace (v6.2.R4), HistCite (v12.03.07), and Excel 2021 were used for the scientometric research. RESULTS A total of 330 articles on macrophage-related DFUs were retrieved. The most published countries, institutions, journals, and authors in this field were China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of China, Wound Repair and Regeneration, and Aristidis Veves. Through the analysis of keyword co-occurrence networks, historical direct citation networks, thematic maps, and trend topics maps, we synthesized the prevailing research hotspots and emerging trends in this field. CONCLUSION Our bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of macrophage-related DFUs research and insights into promising upcoming research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuan-Ji Ou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-Bao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Dun Qu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chang-Liang Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chang-Peng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
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7
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Sun M, Chen Z. Unveiling the Complex Role of Exosomes in Alzheimer's Disease. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3921-3948. [PMID: 38911990 PMCID: PMC11193473 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s466821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative illness, characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline, accounting for 60-80% of dementia cases. AD is characterized by senile plaques made up of amyloid β (Aβ) protein, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles caused by hyperphosphorylation of tau protein linked with microtubules, and neuronal loss. Currently, therapeutic treatments and nanotechnological developments are effective in treating the symptoms of AD, but a cure for the illness has not yet been found. Recently, the increased study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has led to a growing awareness of their significant involvement in neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that transport various components including messenger RNAs, non-coding RNAs, proteins, lipids, DNA, and other bioactive compounds from one cell to another, facilitating information transmission and material movement. There is growing evidence indicating that exosomes have complex functions in AD. Exosomes may have a dual role in Alzheimer's disease by contributing to neuronal death and also helping to alleviate the pathological progression of the disease. Therefore, the primary aim of this review is to outline the updated understandings on exosomes biogenesis and many functions of exosomes in the generation, conveyance, distribution, and elimination of hazardous proteins related to Alzheimer's disease. This review is intended to provide novel insights for understanding the development, specific treatment, and early detection of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyou Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Xue X, Li Y, Yao Y, Zhang S, Peng C, Li Y. A comprehensive review of miR-21 in liver disease: Big impact of little things. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112116. [PMID: 38696909 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNA with 20-24 nucleotides, are defined as the powerful regulators for gene expression. miR-21 is a multifunctional miRNA enriched in the circulatory system and multiple organs, which not only serves as a non-invasive biomarker in disease diagnosis, but also participates in many cellular activities. In various chronic liver diseases, the increase of miR-21 affects glycolipid metabolism, viral infection, inflammatory and immune cell activation, hepatic stellate cells activation and tissue fibrosis, and autophagy. Moreover, miR-21 is also a liaison in the deterioration of chronic liver disease to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and it impacts on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, immune escape, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation by regulating target genes expression in different signaling pathways. In current research on miRNA therapy, some natural products can exert the hepatoprotective effects depending on the inhibition of miR-21 expression. In addition, miR-21-based therapeutic also play a role in regulating intracellular miR-21 levels and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs. Herein, we systemically summarized the recent progress of miR-21 on biosynthesis, biomarker function, molecular mechanism and miRNA therapy in chronic liver disease and HCC, and looked forward to outputting some information to enable it from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yanzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shenglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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9
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Li X, Chen J, Yang Y, Cai H, Ao Z, Xing Y, Li K, Yang K, Wallace A, Friend J, Lee LP, Wang N, Guo F. Extracellular vesicles-based point-of-care testing for the diagnosis and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.31.587511. [PMID: 38617279 PMCID: PMC11014472 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.31.587511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. One promising strategy for detecting and monitoring AD early on is using extracellular vesicles (EVs)-based point-of-care testing; however, diagnosing AD using EVs poses a challenge due to the low abundance of EV-biomarkers. Here, we present a fully integrated organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) that enables high accuracy, speed, and convenience in the detection of EVs from AD patients. We incorporated self-aligned acoustoelectric enhancement of EVs on a chip that rapidly propels, enriches, and specifically binds EVs to the OECT detection area. With our enhancement of pre-concentration, we increased the sensitivity to a limit of detection of 500 EV particles/μL and reduced the required detection time to just two minutes. We also tested the sensor on an AD mouse model to monitor AD progression, examined mouse Aβ EVs at different time courses, and compared them with intraneuronal Aβ cumulation using MRI. This innovative technology has the potential to diagnose Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases accurately and quickly, enabling monitoring of disease progression and treatment response.
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Li Z, Mao K, Liu L, Xu S, Zeng M, Fu Y, Huang J, Li T, Gao G, Teng ZQ, Sun Q, Chen D, Cheng Y. Nuclear microRNA-mediated transcriptional control determines adult microglial homeostasis and brain function. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113964. [PMID: 38489263 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are versatile regulators in brain development and disorders. Emerging evidence links microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation to microglial function; however, the exact underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we uncover the enrichment of miR-137, a neuropsychiatric-disorder-associated miRNA, in the microglial nucleus, and reveal its unexpected nuclear functions in maintaining the microglial global transcriptomic state, phagocytosis, and inflammatory response. Mechanistically, microglial Mir137 deletion increases chromatin accessibility, which contains binding motifs for the microglial master transcription factor Pu.1. Through biochemical and bioinformatics analyses, we propose that miR-137 modulates Pu.1-mediated gene expression by suppressing Pu.1 binding to chromatin. Importantly, we find that increased Pu.1 binding upregulates the target gene Jdp2 (Jun dimerization protein 2) and that knockdown of Jdp2 significantly suppresses the impaired phagocytosis and pro-inflammatory response in Mir137 knockout microglia. Collectively, our study provides evidence supporting the notion that nuclear miR-137 acts as a transcriptional modulator and that this microglia-specific function is essential for maintaining normal adult brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Li
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kexin Mao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shengyun Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jintao Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guoan Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qinmiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dahua Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Ying Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650500, China.
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11
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Chen Z, Zhang J, Pan Y, Hao Z, Li S. Extracellular vesicles as carriers for noncoding RNA-based regulation of macrophage/microglia polarization: an emerging candidate regulator for lung and traumatic brain injuries. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343364. [PMID: 38558799 PMCID: PMC10978530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage/microglia function as immune defense and homeostatic cells that originate from bone marrow progenitor cells. Macrophage/microglia activation is historically divided into proinflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 states based on intracellular dynamics and protein production. The polarization of macrophages/microglia involves a pivotal impact in modulating the development of inflammatory disorders, namely lung and traumatic brain injuries. Recent evidence indicates shared signaling pathways in lung and traumatic brain injuries, regulated through non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) loaded into extracellular vesicles (EVs). This packaging protects ncRNAs from degradation. These vesicles are subcellular components released through a paracellular mechanism, constituting a group of nanoparticles that involve exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs are characterized by a double-layered membrane and are abound with proteins, nucleic acids, and other bioactive compounds. ncRNAs are RNA molecules with functional roles, despite their absence of coding capacity. They actively participate in the regulation of mRNA expression and function through various mechanisms. Recent studies pointed out that selective packaging of ncRNAs into EVs plays a role in modulating distinct facets of macrophage/microglia polarization, under conditions of lung and traumatic brain injuries. This study will explore the latest findings regarding the role of EVs in the progression of lung and traumatic brain injuries, with a specific focus on the involvement of ncRNAs within these vesicles. The conclusion of this review will emphasize the clinical opportunities presented by EV-ncRNAs, underscoring their potential functions as both biomarkers and targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Third People’s Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongli Pan
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongnan Hao
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Yang Y, Li N, Gao Y, Xu F, Chen H, Zhang C, Ni X. The activation impact of lactobacillus-derived extracellular vesicles on lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial cell. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:70. [PMID: 38418961 PMCID: PMC10900764 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) emerges as a common postoperative complication among elderly patients. Currently, the mechanism of PND remains unclear, but there exists a tendency to believe that inflammation plays a significant role in PND. Alterations in the abundance of intestinal microbiota can increase the permeability of the intestinal mucosal barrier and incite extraintestinal inflammatory responses. Metabolites from these microbiota can be absorbed by the intestinal mucosa into the bloodstream, exerting influence upon the central nervous system (CNS). Lactobacillus (Lac), serving as an intestinal probiotic bacterium, possesses the capacity to modulate emotional behavior and cognitive functions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as novel therapeutic carriers for targeted delivery to regulate physiology and pathogenesis. While the mechanism governing the primary function of Lac-EVs in the CNS remains uncertain. Therefore, we established an in vitro neuroinflammation model to induce PND and then treated the mice with Lac-EVs to observe the effect of these EVs on neuroinflammation, particularly on microglial (MG) polarization. Our research unveils that Lac-EVs reduced inflammation induced by LPS in microglia and the activation of related proteins, including the mRNA expression of M1 labeled protein (iNOS). Moreover, the mRNA expression of M2-labeled protein (Arg1) increased. In addition, flow cytometry revealed that the ratio of M1/M2 microglia also changed significantly. Therefore, Lac-EVs promoted the differentiation of M2 microglia by inducing the preferential expression of specific markers related to M2 macrophages and inflammation. In terms of inflammatory cytokine expression, Lac-EVs decreased the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and increased IL-10 production after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Therefore, Lac-EVs induce the activation of M2 microglial cells without inducing cellular harm in vitro, and they demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. This finding suggested that it is an effective anti-inflammatory strategy for alleviating inflammation-driven PNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Yang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yubo Gao
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Fanning Xu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xinli Ni
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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13
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Fang X, Zhou D, Wang X, Ma Y, Zhong G, Jing S, Huang S, Wang Q. Exosomes: A Cellular Communication Medium That Has Multiple Effects On Brain Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03957-4. [PMID: 38356095 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, as membranous vesicles generated by multiple cell types and secreted to extracellular space, play a crucial role in a range of brain injury-related brain disorders by transporting diverse proteins, RNA, DNA fragments, and other functional substances. The nervous system's pathogenic mechanisms are complicated, involving pathological processes like as inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy, all of which result in blood-brain barrier damage, cognitive impairment, and even loss of normal motor function. Exosomes have been linked to the incidence and progression of brain disorders in recent research. As a result, a thorough knowledge of the interaction between exosomes and brain diseases may lead to the development of more effective therapeutic techniques that may be implemented in the clinic. The potential role of exosomes in brain diseases and the crosstalk between exosomes and other pathogenic processes were discussed in this paper. Simultaneously, we noted the delicate events in which exosomes as a media allow the brain to communicate with other tissues and organs in physiology and disease, and compiled a list of natural compounds that modulate exosomes, in order to further improve our understanding of exosomes and propose new ideas for treating brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dishu Zhou
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510405, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guangcheng Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shangwen Jing
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuiqing Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China.
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14
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Ritter A, Lötterle L, Han J, Kalbitz M, Henrich D, Marzi I, Leppik L, Weber B. Evaluation of New Cardiac Damage Biomarkers in Polytrauma: GDF-15, HFABP and uPAR for Predicting Patient Outcomes. J Clin Med 2024; 13:961. [PMID: 38398274 PMCID: PMC10888743 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13040961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Polytrauma is one of the leading mortality factors in younger patients, and in particular, the presence of cardiac damage correlates with a poor prognosis. Currently, troponin T is the gold standard, although troponin is limited as a biomarker. Therefore, there is a need for new biomarkers of cardiac damage early after trauma. Methods: Polytraumatized patients (ISS ≥ 16) were divided into two groups: those with cardiac damage (troponin T > 50 pg/mL, n = 37) and those without cardiac damage (troponin T < 12 pg/mL, n = 32) on admission to the hospital. Patients' plasma was collected in the emergency room 24 h after trauma, and plasma from healthy volunteers (n = 10) was sampled. The plasma was analyzed for the expression of HFABP, GDF-15 and uPAR proteins, as well as miR-21, miR-29, miR-34, miR-122, miR-125b, miR-133, miR-194, miR-204, and miR-155. Results were correlated with patients' outcomes. Results: HFABP, uPAR, and GDF-15 were increased in polytraumatized patients with cardiac damage (p < 0.001) with a need for catecholamines. HFABP was increased in non-survivors. Analysis of systemic miRNA concentrations showed a significant increase in miR-133 (p < 0.01) and miR-21 (p < 0.05) in patients with cardiac damage. Conclusion: All tested plasma proteins, miR-133, and miR-21 were found to reflect the cardiac damage in polytrauma patients. GDF-15 and HFABP were shown to strongly correlate with patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Ritter
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (L.L.); (J.H.); (D.H.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Lorenz Lötterle
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (L.L.); (J.H.); (D.H.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Jiaoyan Han
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (L.L.); (J.H.); (D.H.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (L.L.); (J.H.); (D.H.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (L.L.); (J.H.); (D.H.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Liudmila Leppik
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (L.L.); (J.H.); (D.H.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Birte Weber
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (L.L.); (J.H.); (D.H.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (B.W.)
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15
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Davidson CL, Vengoji R, Jain M, Batra SK, Shonka N. Biological, diagnostic and therapeutic implications of exosomes in glioma. Cancer Lett 2024; 582:216592. [PMID: 38092145 PMCID: PMC10832613 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advances, overall survival in glioblastoma is dismal. To optimize progress, a more detailed understanding of glioma's molecular, cellular, and intercellular pathophysiology is needed. Recent investigation has revealed a vital role for exosomes in inter-cellular signaling, tumor cell support, and regulation of the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes carry miRNAs, lncRNAs, mRNAs, proteins, immune regulatory molecules, nucleic acids, and lipids; however, the composition of exosome cargo is variable depending on the cell of origin. Specific exosomal miRNA contents such as miR-21, miR-301a, miR-151a, miR-148a, and miR-5096 are altered in high-grade glioma. Unique proteomic, genomic, and miRNA signatures of tumor exosomes have been associated with disease pathobiology, temozolomide resistance, immunosuppression, and tumor proliferation. Exosomes hold promise for tissue diagnostic glioma diagnosis and monitoring response to therapy. This review summarizes the current understanding of exosomes, their crucial role in glioma pathology, and future directions for their use in diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: The MEDLINE/PubMed database was reviewed for papers written in English and publication dates of 1981-2023, using the search string "Exosome", "Extracellular vesicles", "Glioma", "Exosomes in glioma".
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L Davidson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Nicole Shonka
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.
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16
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Lu X, Zhan L, Chai G, Chen M, Sun W, Xu E. Hypoxic Preconditioning Attenuates Neuroinflammation via Inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 Axis Mediated by p-MLKL after Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1080-1099. [PMID: 37682454 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03628-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) has been reported to alleviate neuronal damage and microglial activation in hippocampal CA1 after transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI). However, the molecular mechanism is unclear. Recent studies identified that nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB)/oligomerization domain-like receptors protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome pathway is mainly involved in the activation of microglia and that phosphorylated (p)-mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is related to the regulation of NF-κB/NLRP3 axis. Hence, in this study, we set out to investigate whether HPC attenuates neuronal damage and microglial activation through inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 axis mediated by p-MLKL after tGCI in CA1 of male rats. We found that HPC decreased NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia and inhibited M1 polarization of microglia in CA1 after tGCI. Mechanistically, HPC inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced the mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome after tGCI. Additionally, the knockdown of p-MLKL by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) administration inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome, thus attenuating M1 polarization of microglia and decreasing the release of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in CA1 post ischemia. We consider that p-MLKL in microglia may be derived from necroptotic neurons after tGCI. In conclusion, the new finding in this study is that HPC-induced neuroprotection against tGCI through inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway mediated by p-MLKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Lu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guorong Chai
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiyan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - En Xu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Li H, Yuan Y, Xie Q, Dong Z. Exosomes: potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. J Transl Med 2024; 22:115. [PMID: 38287384 PMCID: PMC10826005 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of neuropsychiatry is considered a middle ground between neurological and psychiatric disorders, thereby bridging the conventional boundaries between matter and mind, consciousness, and function. Neuropsychiatry aims to evaluate and treat cognitive, behavioral, and emotional disorders in individuals with neurological conditions. However, the pathophysiology of these disorders is not yet fully understood, and objective biological indicators for these conditions are currently lacking. Treatment options are also limited due to the blood-brain barrier, which results in poor treatment effects. Additionally, many drugs, particularly antipsychotic drugs, have adverse reactions, which make them difficult to tolerate for patients. As a result, patients often abandon treatment owing to these adverse reactions. Since the discovery of exosomes in 1983, they have been extensively studied in various diseases owing to their potential as nanocellulators for information exchange between cells. Because exosomes can freely travel between the center and periphery, brain-derived exosomes can reflect the state of the brain, which has considerable advantages in diagnosis and treatment. In addition, administration of engineered exosomes can improve therapeutic efficacy, allow lesion targeting, ensure drug stability, and prevent systemic adverse effects. Therefore, this article reviews the source and biological function of exosomes, relationship between exosomes and the blood-brain barrier, relationship between exosomes and the pathological mechanism of neuropsychiatric disorders, exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, and application of engineered exosomes in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglian Xie
- Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Sun L, Wang X, Guan S, Chi L, Liang M, Lu X, Luo T. Inhibition of voltage-gated Hv1 alleviates LPS-induced neuroinflammation via regulation of microglial metabolic reprogramming. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111361. [PMID: 38145600 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence highlights the crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in activated immune cells, significantly contributing to both the initiation and progression of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. The voltage-gated H channel (Hv1) has been reported to be involved in microglial activation and acts as a key driver of neuroinflammation. This study aimed to explore how Hv1-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to neuroinflammation and to assess the therapeutic potential of the Hv1 inhibitor 2-GBI in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. We investigated the influence of 2-GBI on the generation of ROS, metabolic reprogramming, and pro-inflammatory mediator production in vitro and examined the therapeutic effect of 2-GBI on microglial activation and hippocampal neuroinflammation in vivo. The results indicated that 2-GBI attenuated the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response and aerobic glycolysis in microglia, specifically mitigating HIF1α-mediated upregulation of glycolysis. 2-GBI exerted a protective effect against LPS-induced neuroinflammation through HIF1α pathway-regulated aerobic glycolysis. Using a transwell coculture system, we demonstrated that 2-GBI reversed PC12 cell death caused by BV2-mediated neuroinflammation. In vivo experiments further suggested that 2-GBI mitigated neuroinflammatory processes and cognitive dysfunction via microglial metabolic reprogramming. Collectively, our results highlight the potential of Hv1 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for alleviating LPS-induced neuroinflammation by modulating microglial metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbin Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Xihua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Shuyuan Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Laiting Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Mingjin Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China.
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19
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Long Y, Li XQ, Deng J, Ye QB, Li D, Ma Y, Wu YY, Hu Y, He XF, Wen J, Shi A, Yu S, Shen L, Ye Z, Zheng C, Li N. Modulating the polarization phenotype of microglia - A valuable strategy for central nervous system diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102160. [PMID: 38065225 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases have become one of the leading causes of death in the global population. The pathogenesis of CNS diseases is complicated, so it is important to find the patterns of the disease to improve the treatment strategy. Microglia are considered to be a double-edged sword, playing both harmful and beneficial roles in CNS diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the progression of the disease and the changes in the polar phenotype of microglia to provide guidance in the treatment of CNS diseases. Microglia activation may evolve into different phenotypes: M1 and M2 types. We focused on the roles that M1 and M2 microglia play in regulating intercellular dialogues, pathological reactions and specific diseases in CNS diseases. Importantly, we summarized the strategies used to modulate the polarization phenotype of microglia, including traditional pharmacological modulation, biological therapies, and physical strategies. This review will contribute to the development of potential strategies to modulate microglia polarization phenotypes and provide new alternative therapies for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiao-Bo Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiao-Fang He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhen Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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20
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Cioanca AV, Wooff Y, Aggio‐Bruce R, Sekar R, Dietrich C, Natoli R. Multiomic integration reveals neuronal-extracellular vesicle coordination of gliotic responses in degeneration. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12393. [PMID: 38082562 PMCID: PMC10714032 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), including in the retina, neuronal-to-glial communication is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis including signal transmission, transfer of trophic factors, and in the modulation of inflammation. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated transport of molecular messages to regulate these processes has been suggested as a mechanism by which bidirectional communication between neuronal and glial cells can occur. In this work we employed multiomics integration to investigate the role of EV communication pathways from neurons to glial cells within the CNS, using the mouse retina as a readily accessible representative CNS tissue. Further, using a well-established model of degeneration, we aimed to uncover how dysregulation of homeostatic messaging between neurons and glia via EV can result in retinal and neurodegenerative diseases. EV proteomics, glia microRNA (miRNA) Open Array and small RNA sequencing, and retinal single cell sequencing were performed, with datasets integrated and analysed computationally. Results demonstrated that exogenous transfer of neuronal miRNA to glial cells was mediated by EV and occurred as a targeted response during degeneration to modulate gliotic inflammation. Taken together, our results support a model of neuronal-to-glial communication via EV, which could be harnessed for therapeutic targeting to slow the progression of retinal-, and neuro-degenerations of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian V. Cioanca
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Yvette Wooff
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Riemke Aggio‐Bruce
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Rakshanya Sekar
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Catherine Dietrich
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and MedicineThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
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21
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Chen Y, Zhang H, Hu X, Cai W, Jiang L, Wang Y, Wu Y, Wang X, Ni W, Zhou K. Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Potential in Central Nervous System Trauma by Regulating Cell Death. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6789-6813. [PMID: 37482599 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
CNS (central nervous system) trauma, which is classified as SCI (spinal cord injury) and TBI (traumatic brain injury), is gradually becoming a major cause of accidental death and disability worldwide. Many previous studies have verified that the pathophysiological mechanism underlying cell death and the subsequent neuroinflammation caused by cell death are pivotal factors in the progression of CNS trauma. Simultaneously, EVs (extracellular vesicles), membrane-enclosed particles produced by almost all cell types, have been proven to mediate cell-to-cell communication, and cell death involves complex interactions among molecules. EVs have also been proven to be effective carriers of loaded bioactive components to areas of CNS trauma. Therefore, EVs are promising therapeutic targets to cure CNS trauma. However, the link between EVs and various types of cell death in the context of CNS trauma remains unknown. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the mechanism underlying EV effects, the relationship between EVs and cell death and the pathophysiology underlying EV effects on the CNS trauma based on information in published papers. In addition, we discuss the prospects of applying EVs to the CNS as feasible therapeutic strategies for CNS trauma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yituo Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanta Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313099, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Huzhou Basic and Clinical Translation of Orthopaedics Key Laboratory, Huzhou, 313099, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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22
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Wu P, He B, Li X, Zhang H. Roles of microRNA-124 in traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive review. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1298508. [PMID: 38034588 PMCID: PMC10687822 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1298508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prominent global cause of mortality due to the limited availability of effective prevention and treatment strategies for this disorder. An effective molecular biomarker may contribute to determining the prognosis and promoting the therapeutic efficiency of TBI. MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is most abundantly expressed in the brain and exerts different biological effects in a variety of diseases by regulating pathological processes of apoptosis and proliferation. Recently, increasing evidence has demonstrated the association between miR-124 and TBI, but there is still a lack of relevant literature to summarize the current evidence on this topic. Based on this review, we found that miR-124 was involved as a regulatory factor in cell apoptosis and proliferation, and was also strongly related with the pathophysiological development of TBI. MiR-124 played an essential role in TBI by interacting with multiple biomolecules and signaling pathways, such as JNK, VAMP-3, Rela/ApoE, PDE4B/mTOR, MDK/TLR4/NF-κB, DAPK1/NR2B, JAK/STAT3, PI3K/AKT, Ras/MEK/Erk. The potential benefits of upregulating miR-124 in facilitating TBI recovery have been identified. The advancement of miRNA nanocarrier system technology presents an opportunity for miR-124 to emerge as a novel therapeutic target for TBI. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the role of miR-124 in TBI necessitate further investigation. Additionally, comprehensive large-scale studies are required to evaluate the clinical significance of miR-124 as a therapeutic target for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panxing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bao He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s hospital of Kunshan, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s hospital of Kunshan, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology and Nano-Bionics, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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23
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Zhang X, Pan L, Zhang P, Wang L, Shen Y, Xu P, Ren Y, Huang W, Liu P, Wu Q, Li F. Single-cell analysis of the miRNA activities in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) model mice injected with the BCG vaccine. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110871. [PMID: 37708706 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study revealed the transcriptome atlas of specific cell types in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) model mice injected with the BCG vaccine via scRNA sequencing. However, the activities of miRNAs in TBM at single-cell resolution remain to be explored. METHOD Cell type-specific miRNA activities were investigated by using motif enrichment analyses (miReact) on the transcriptome data of 15 cell types. The target mRNAs of miRNAs were predicted and subjected to enrichment analysis. Furthermore, miRNAs and their target mRNAs with opposite expression trends were chosen to construct functional networks. Besides, qRT-PCR and RNA scope were performed to verify the expression level of representative miRNA. RESULTS The tSNE dimensionality reduction presented 15 cell types in TBM model mice, in which microglia and endothelial cells accounted for the majority. Target mRNAs of each cell type were predicted for verification or network construction. The immune and inflammation-related miRNA-mRNA networks of macrophages and microglia, oxidative phosphorylation-related miRNA-mRNA networks of neurons, ion and protein transport-related networks of epididymal cells, and angiogenesis-related miRNA-mRNA networks of VSMCs were constructed. The miRNA activity analysis revealed that miR-21a-3p activity was increased in microglia, macrophages, neurons and epididymal cells. The result of qRT-PCR and RNA scope indicate that miR-21a-3p was significantly higher-expressed in TBM brain tissue compared with normal brain tissue. CONCLUSION In our study, an in-depth exploration of the mRNA expression and miRNA activity of macrophages, microglia, epididymal cells, neurons and vascular smooth muscle cells during TBM progression was conducted using scRNA-Seq, which provided novel insights into the immune cell engagement in TBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Center of Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Center of Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Center of Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Center of Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yidan Shen
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Center of Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Center of Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yang Ren
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Center of Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Center of Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Center of Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Qingguo Wu
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Center of Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Center of Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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24
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Guo M, Wang L, Yin Z, Chen F, Lei P. Small extracellular vesicles as potential theranostic tools in central nervous system disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115407. [PMID: 37683594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs), a subset of extracellular vesicles with a bilateral membrane structure, contain biological cargoes, such as lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. sEVs are crucial mediators of intercellular communications in the physiological and pathological processes of the central nervous system. Because of the special structure and complex pathogenesis of the brain, central nervous system disorders are characterized by high mortality and morbidity. Increasing evidence has focused on the potential of sEVs in clinical application for central nervous system disorders. sEVs are emerging as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic tool with high sensitivity, low immunogenicity, superior safety profile, and high transfer efficiency. This review highlighted the development of sEVs in central nervous system disorder clinical application. We also outlined the role of sEVs in central nervous system disorders and discussed the limitations of sEVs in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ping Lei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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25
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Liu Y, Yang W, Xue J, Chen J, Liu S, Zhang S, Zhang X, Gu X, Dong Y, Qiu P. Neuroinflammation: The central enabler of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115582. [PMID: 37748409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of advanced age patients undergoing surgical procedures is on the rise owing to advancements in surgical and anesthesia technologies as well as an overall aging population. As a complication of anesthesia and surgery, older patients frequently suffer from postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), which may persist for weeks, months or even longer. POCD is a complex pathological process involving multiple pathogenic factors, and its mechanism is yet unclear. Potential theories include inflammation, deposition of pathogenic proteins, imbalance of neurotransmitters, and chronic stress. The identification, prevention, and treatment of POCD are still in the exploratory stages owing to the absence of standardized diagnostic criteria. Undoubtedly, comprehending the development of POCD remains crucial in overcoming the illness. Neuroinflammation is the leading hypothesis and a crucial component of the pathological network of POCD and may have complex interactions with other mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the possible ways in which surgery and anesthesia cause neuroinflammation and investigate the connection between neuroinflammation and the development of POCD. Understanding these mechanisms may likely ensure that future treatment options of POCD are more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Jinqi Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Juntong Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Shiqing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xi Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China.
| | - Youjing Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Peng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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26
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Mehryab F, Taghizadeh F, Goshtasbi N, Merati F, Rabbani S, Haeri A. Exosomes as cutting-edge therapeutics in various biomedical applications: An update on engineering, delivery, and preclinical studies. Biochimie 2023; 213:139-167. [PMID: 37207937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles, circulating in different body fluids, and acting as an intercellular mechanism. They can be purified from culture media of different cell types and carry an enriched content of various protein and nucleic acid molecules originating from their parental cells. It was indicated that the exosomal cargo can mediate immune responses via many signaling pathways. Over recent years, the therapeutic effects of various exosome types were broadly investigated in many preclinical studies. Herein, we present an update on recent preclinical studies on exosomes as therapeutic and/or delivery agents for various applications. The exosome origin, structural modifications, natural or loaded active ingredients, size, and research outcomes were summarized for various diseases. Overall, the present article provides an overview of the latest exosome research interests and developments to clear the way for the clinical study design and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mehryab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Taghizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Goshtasbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Merati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Haeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Ran Q, Tian H, Lin J, Wang H, Wang B, Chen Z, Song D, Gong C. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Novel Approach to Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Impairment. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4213-4228. [PMID: 37753267 PMCID: PMC10519429 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s429532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of diabetes frequently results in a myriad of neurological disorders, including ischemic stroke, depression, blood-brain barrier impairment, and cognitive dysfunction. Notably, diabetes-associated cognitive impairment, a prevalent comorbidity during the course of diabetes, progressively affects patients' cognitive abilities and may reciprocally influence diabetes management, thereby severely impacting patients' quality of life. Extracellular vesicles, particularly nanoscale exosomes, have garnered considerable attention in recent years. These exosomes carry and transfer various functional molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and diverse non-coding RNAs, serving as novel regulators and communicators in intercellular interactions. Of particular interest, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have been reported to traverse the blood-brain barrier and ameliorate intracerebral pathologies. This review elucidates the role of MSC-Exos in diabetes-related cognitive impairment, with a focus on their applications as biomarkers, modulation of neuronal regeneration and synaptic plasticity, anti-inflammatory properties, antioxidative effects, and their involvement in regulating the functionality of β-amyloid proteins during the course of cognitive impairment. The immense therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos in the treatment of diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsen Ran
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital (Shenzhen Pingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangzhou Province, 518118, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital (Shenzhen Pingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangzhou Province, 518118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital (Shenzhen Pingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangzhou Province, 518118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital (Shenzhen Pingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangzhou Province, 518118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital (Shenzhen Pingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangzhou Province, 518118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da Song
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital (Shenzhen Pingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangzhou Province, 518118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunzhu Gong
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital (Shenzhen Pingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangzhou Province, 518118, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Dai J, Zhang MZ, He QQ, Chen R. The emerging role of exosomes in Schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115394. [PMID: 37536144 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ), a serious mental disorder, is one of the leading causes of disease burden worldwide. Exosomes, as a natural nanocarrier, are able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and play a key bridging role in central nervous system (CNS) communication, participating in important physiological processes such as neural regeneration, prominent plasticity, axonal support, and neuroinflammation. In recent years, exosomes have received widespread attention in the field of neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease. However, there are few reviews on exosomes and SCZ. Therefore, we conducted a literature search in PubMed and Web of Science using the following search terms: "schizophrenia", "mental disorder", "central system", "exosome", "extracellular vesicles" to identify publications from January 2010 to December 2022. Our review summarized exosomes secreted by different cell types in the CNS and the double-edged role of exosomes in the development of SCZ, and discussed their future potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In conclusion, this article provides an up-to-date overview of the current research on the involvement of exosomes in SCZ, while also highlighting the challenges that are currently faced in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dai
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min-Zhe Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Qiang He
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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29
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Li Y, Khan N, Ritzel RM, Lei Z, Allen S, Faden AI, Wu J. Sexually dimorphic extracellular vesicle responses after chronic spinal cord injury are associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the aged brain. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:197. [PMID: 37653491 PMCID: PMC10469550 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical advances have made it increasingly possible for spinal cord injury (SCI) survivors to survive decades after the insult. But how SCI affects aging changes and aging impacts the injury process have received limited attention. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as critical mediators of neuroinflammation after CNS injury, including at a distance from the lesion site. We have previously shown that SCI in young male mice leads to robust changes in plasma EV count and microRNA (miR) content. Here, our goal was to investigate the impact of biological sex and aging on EVs and brain after SCI. METHODS Young adult age-matched male and female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to SCI. At 19 months post-injury, total plasma EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). EVs miR cargo was examined using the Fireplex® assay. The transcriptional changes in the brain were assessed by a NanoString nCounter Neuropathology panel and validated by Western blot (WB) and flow cytometry (FC). A battery of behavioral tests was performed for assessment of neurological function. RESULTS Transcriptomic changes showed a high number of changes between sham and those with SCI. Sex-specific changes were found in transcription networks related to disease association, activated microglia, and vesicle trafficking. FC showed higher microglia and myeloid counts in the injured tissue of SCI/Female compared to their male counterparts, along with higher microglial production of ROS in both injured site and the brain. In the latter, increased levels of TNF and mitochondrial membrane potential were seen in microglia from SCI/Female. WB and NTA revealed that EV markers are elevated in the plasma of SCI/Male. Particle concentration in the cortex increased after injury, with SCI/Female showing higher counts than SCI/Male. EVs cargo analysis revealed changes in miR content related to injury and sex. Behavioral testing confirmed impairment of cognition and depression at chronic time points after SCI in both sexes, without significant differences between males and females. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to show sexually dimorphic changes in brain after very long-term SCI and supports a potential sex-dependent EV-mediated mechanism that contributes to SCI-induced brain changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, MSTF, Room 6-034D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Niaz Khan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, MSTF, Room 6-034D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rodney M Ritzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, MSTF, Room 6-034D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Zhuofan Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, MSTF, Room 6-034D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Samantha Allen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, MSTF, Room 6-034D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Alan I Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, MSTF, Room 6-034D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Junfang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, MSTF, Room 6-034D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Dong X, Dong JF, Zhang J. Roles and therapeutic potential of different extracellular vesicle subtypes on traumatic brain injury. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:211. [PMID: 37596642 PMCID: PMC10436659 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of injury-related disability and death around the world, but the clinical stratification, diagnosis, and treatment of complex TBI are limited. Due to their unique properties, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging candidates for being biomarkers of traumatic brain injury as well as serving as potential therapeutic targets. However, the effects of different extracellular vesicle subtypes on the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury are very different, or potentially even opposite. Before extracellular vesicles can be used as targets for TBI therapy, it is necessary to classify different extracellular vesicle subtypes according to their functions to clarify different strategies for EV-based TBI therapy. The purpose of this review is to discuss contradictory effects of different EV subtypes on TBI, and to propose treatment ideas based on different EV subtypes to maximize their benefits for the recovery of TBI patients. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119, Nansihuan West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Wang S, Zhang L, Jin Z, Wang Y, Zhang B, Zhao L. Visualizing temporal dynamics and research trends of macrophage-related diabetes studies between 2000 and 2022: a bibliometric analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194738. [PMID: 37564641 PMCID: PMC10410279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages are considered an essential source of inflammatory cytokines, which play a pivotal role in the development of diabetes and its sequent complications. Therefore, a better understanding of the intersection between the development of diabetes and macrophage is of massive importance. Objectives In this study, we performed an informative bibliometric analysis to enlighten relevant research directions, provide valuable metrics for financing decisions, and help academics to gain a quick understanding of the current macrophage-related diabetes studies knowledge domain. Methods The Web of Science Core Collection database was used for literature retrieval and dataset export. Bibliometrix R-package was performed to conduct raw data screening, calculating, and visualizing. Results Between 2000 and 2022, the annual publication and citation trends steadily increased. Wu Yonggui was the scholar with the most published papers in this field. The institute with the highest number of published papers was the University of Michigan. The most robust academic collaboration was observed between China and the United States of America. Diabetologia was the journal that published the most relevant publications. The author's keywords with the highest occurrences were "inflammation", "diabetic nephropathy", and "obesity". In addition, "Macrophage polarization" was the current motor topic with potential research prospects. Conclusions These comprehensive and visualized bibliometric results summarized the significant findings in macrophage-related diabetes studies over the past 20 years. It would enlighten subsequent studies from a macro viewpoint and is also expected to strengthen investment policies in future macrophage-related diabetes studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Wang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’ Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’ Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zishan Jin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’ Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yayun Wang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’ Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’ Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’ Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Peng W, Xie Y, Luo Z, Liu Y, Xu J, Li C, Qin T, Lu H, Hu J. UTX deletion promotes M2 macrophage polarization by epigenetically regulating endothelial cell-macrophage crosstalk after spinal cord injury. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:225. [PMID: 37454119 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages polarized to the M2 subtype after spinal cord injury (SCI) are beneficial for promoting neurological recovery. The crosstalk between endothelial cells (ECs) and macrophages is crucial for the imbalance between proinflammatory and pro-resolving responses caused by macrophage heterogeneity; however, this crosstalk is strengthened post-SCI, leading to inflammatory cascades and second damage. As a powerful means to regulate gene expression, epigenetic regulation of the interaction between immune cells and ECs in SCI is still largely unknown. Our previous research demonstrated that the histone demethylase UTX deletion in ECs (UTX-/- ECs) promotes neurological recovery, while the precise mechanism is unrevealed. Here, we discovered that UTX-/- ECs polarize macrophages toward the M2 subtype post-SCI. Macrophage deficiency could block the neurological recovery caused by the knockdown of UTX. The exosomes from UTX-/- ECs mediate this crosstalk. In addition, we found UTX, H3K27, and miR-467b-3p/Sfmbt2 promoters forming a regulatory complex that upregulates the miR-467b-3p in UTX-/- ECs. And then, miR-467b-3p transfers to macrophages by exosomes and activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling by decreasing PTEN expression, finally polarizing macrophage to the M2 subtype. This study reveals a mechanism by epigenetic regulation of ECs-macrophages crosstalk and identifies potential targets, which may provide opportunities for treating SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zixiang Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Yang J, Gong Z, Dong J, Bi H, Wang B, Du K, Zhang C, Chen L. lncRNA XIST inhibition promotes M2 polarization of microglial and aggravates the spinal cord injury via regulating miR-124-3p / IRF1 axis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17852. [PMID: 37455998 PMCID: PMC10344764 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) has a high disability rate and mortality rate. Recently, LncRNA XIST has been found to be involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of XIST in the occurrence and development of SCI and the specific regulation mechanism. Methods: 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to treat mouse microglia BV2 cells. Hitting spinal cord was performed to C57BL/6 mice for establishing SCI model. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot, Immunofluorescence (IF) and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) experiments were used to explore the function of XIST, miR-124-3p and IRF1 in LPS-induced BV2 cells. RT-qPCR, Nissl staining, IF, Western blot and ELISA experiment were performed to study the function of XIST in SCI mice. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RT-qPCR and Western blot assays were utilized to identify the interaction among XIST, miR-124-3p and IRF1. Results: XIST was upregulated in LPS-induced BV2 cells and spinal cord tissues of SCI mice. Overexpression of XIST promoted the M1 microphages polarization and cytokines concentration in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells, aggravated SCI of mice. Downregulated XIST promoted M1-to-M2 conversion of microglial and relieved the injury of SCI mice. Mechanism verification indicated that XIST acted as a molecular sponge of miR-124-3p and regulated IRF1 expression. Increased miR-124-3p or reduced IRF1 inhibited M1 polarization of microglial and decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced BV2 cells. Increased XIST or decreased miR-124-3p had an opposite of on LPS-induced BV2 cells. Conclusion: Overexpression of XIST enhanced M1 polarization of microglia and promoted the level of inflammatory cytokines through sponging miR-124-3p and regulating IRF1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lingqiang Chen
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics, The First affiliated hospital of Kunming medical University, No.295 Xichang Rd, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
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Liang T, Wu Z, Li J, Wu S, Shi W, Wang L. The emerging double-edged sword role of exosomes in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1209115. [PMID: 37396664 PMCID: PMC10314126 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1209115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive dysfunction. The primary pathological hallmarks of AD are senile plaques formed by deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) protein, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles resulting from hyperphosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau, and loss of neurons. At present, although the exact pathogenesis of AD is still unclear and there is a lack of effective treatment for AD in clinical practice, researchers have never stopped exploring the pathogenic mechanism of AD. In recent years, with the rise of the research of extracellular vesicles (EVs), people gradually realize that EVs also play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Exosomes, as a member of the small EVs, are regarded as carriers for information exchange and material transport between cells. Many cells of the central nervous system can release exosomes in both physiological and pathological conditions. Exosomes derived from damaged nerve cells can not only participate in Aβ production and oligomerization, but also disseminate the toxic proteins of Aβ and tau to neighboring neurons, thereby acting as "seeds" to amplify the toxic effects of misfolded proteins. Furthermore, exosomes may also be involved in the degradation and clearance process of Aβ. There is increasing evidence to suggest that exosomes play multiple roles in AD. Just like a double-edged sword, exosomes can participate in AD pathology in a direct or indirect way, causing neuronal loss, and can also participate in alleviating the pathological progression of AD. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current reported research findings on this double-edged role of exosomes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zubo Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suyuan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wuhe Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Gullotta GS, Costantino G, Sortino MA, Spampinato SF. Microglia and the Blood-Brain Barrier: An External Player in Acute and Chronic Neuroinflammatory Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119144. [PMID: 37298096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system that guarantee immune surveillance and exert also a modulating role on neuronal synaptic development and function. Upon injury, microglia get activated and modify their morphology acquiring an ameboid phenotype and pro- or anti-inflammatory features. The active role of microglia in blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and their interaction with different cellular components of the BBB-endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes-are described. Here, we report the specific crosstalk of microglia with all the BBB cell types focusing in particular on the involvement of microglia in the modulation of BBB function in neuroinflammatory conditions that occur in conjunction with an acute event, such as a stroke, or in a slow neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer's disease. The potential of microglia to exert a dual role, either protective or detrimental, depending on disease stages and environmental conditioning factors is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Serena Gullotta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Costantino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience and Education, DISTUM, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Guo M, Ge X, Wang C, Yin Z, Jia Z, Hu T, Li M, Wang D, Han Z, Wang L, Xiong X, Chen F, Lei P. Intranasal Delivery of Gene-Edited Microglial Exosomes Improves Neurological Outcomes after Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Regulating Neuroinflammation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040639. [PMID: 37190604 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural inflammatory response is a crucial pathological change in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) which accelerates the formation of perihematomal edema and aggravates neural cell death. Although surgical and drug treatments for ICH have advanced rapidly in recent years, therapeutic strategies that target and control neuroinflammation are still limited. Exosomes are important carriers for information transfer among cells. They have also been regarded as a promising therapeutic tool in translational medicine, with low immunogenicity, high penetration through the blood-brain barrier, and ease of modification. In our previous research, we have found that exogenous administration of miRNA-124-overexpressed microglial exosomes (Exo-124) are effective in improving post-injury cognitive impairment. From this, we evaluated the potential therapeutic effects of miRNA-124-enriched microglial exosomes on the ICH mice in the present study. We found that the gene-edited exosomes could attenuate neuro-deficits and brain edema, improve blood-brain barrier integrity, and reduce neural cell death. Moreover, the protective effect of Exo-124 was abolished in mice depleted of Gr-1+ myeloid cells. It suggested that the exosomes exerted their functions by limiting the infiltration of leukocyte into the brain, thus controlling neuroinflammation following the onset of ICH. In conclusion, our findings provided a promising therapeutic strategy for improving neuroinflammation in ICH. It also opens a new avenue for intranasal delivery of exosome therapy using miRNA-edited microglial exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Guo
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xintong Ge
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Conglin Wang
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zexi Jia
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Tianpeng Hu
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Meimei Li
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhaoli Han
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiangyang Xiong
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Fanglian Chen
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Mohamadzadeh O, Hajinouri M, Moammer F, Tamehri Zadeh SS, Omid Shafiei G, Jafari A, Ostadian A, Talaei Zavareh SA, Hamblin MR, Yazdi AJ, Sheida A, Mirzaei H. Non-coding RNAs and Exosomal Non-coding RNAs in Traumatic Brain Injury: the Small Player with Big Actions. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4064-4083. [PMID: 37020123 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increasing concern regarding traumatic brain injury (TBI) worldwide since substantial morbidity is observed after it, and the long-term consequences that are not yet fully recognized. A number of cellular pathways related to the secondary injury in brain have been identified, including free radical production (owing to mitochondrial dysfunction), excitotoxicity (regulated by excitatory neurotransmitters), apoptosis, and neuroinflammatory responses (as a result of activation of the immune system and central nervous system). In this context, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) maintain a fundamental contribution to post-transcriptional regulation. It has been shown that mammalian brains express high levels of ncRNAs that are involved in several brain physiological processes. Furthermore, altered levels of ncRNA expression have been found in those with traumatic as well non-traumatic brain injuries. The current review highlights the primary molecular mechanisms participated in TBI that describes the latest and novel results about changes and role of ncRNAs in TBI in both clinical and experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsasadat Hajinouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Moammer
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | | | - Ameneh Jafari
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Ostadian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | | | - Amirhossein Sheida
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Feng L, Luo G, Li Y, Zhang C, Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen H, He D, Zhu Y, Gan L. Curcumin-dependent phenotypic transformation of microglia mediates resistance to pseudorabies-induced encephalitis. Vet Res 2023; 54:25. [PMID: 36918933 PMCID: PMC10015794 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) causes viral encephalitis, a devastating disease with high mortality worldwide. Curcumin (CUR) can reduce inflammatory damage by altering the phenotype of microglia; however, whether and how these changes mediate resistance to PRV-induced encephalitis is still unclear. In this study, BV2 cells were infected with/without PRV for 24 h and further treated with/without CUR for 24 h. The results indicated that CUR promoted the polarization of PRV-infected BV2 cells from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype and reversed PRV-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, M1 BV2 cell secretions induced signalling pathways leading to apoptosis in PC-12 neuronal cells, and this effect was abrogated by the secretions of M2 BV2 cells. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis predicted that this phenotypic shift may be due to changes in energy metabolism. Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that CUR inhibited the increase in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, glycolysis, and triacylglycerol synthesis and the reduction in oxidative phosphorylation induced by PRV infection. Moreover, the ATP levels in M2 BV2 cells were higher than those in M1 cells. Furthermore, CUR prevented the increase in mortality, elevated body temperature, slowed growth, nervous system excitation, brain tissue congestion, vascular cuffing, and other symptoms of PRV-induced encephalitis in vivo. Thus, this study demonstrated that CUR protected against PRV-induced viral encephalitis by switching the phenotype of BV2 cells, thereby protecting neurons from inflammatory injury, and this effect was mediated by improving mitochondrial function and the AMPK/NF-κB p65-energy metabolism-related pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqiu Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Guodong Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Hongyue Chen
- Chongqing General Station of Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Daoling He
- Chongqing General Station of Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Chongqing General Station of Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Ling Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China.
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Circulating MiRNA-21-enriched extracellular vesicles promote bone remodeling in traumatic brain injury patients. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:587-596. [PMID: 36869070 PMCID: PMC10073188 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fracture combined with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common and serious types of compound trauma in the clinic and is characterized by dysfunction of cellular communication in injured organs. Our prior studies found that TBI was capable of enhancing fracture healing in a paracrine manner. Exosomes (Exos), as small extracellular vesicles, are important paracrine vehicles for noncell therapy. However, whether circulating Exos derived from TBI patients (TBI-Exos) regulate the prohealing effects of fractures remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the biological effects of TBI-Exos on fracture healing and reveal the potential molecular mechanism. TBI-Exos were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and the enriched miR-21-5 p was identified by qRT‒PCR analysis. The beneficial effects of TBI-Exos on osteoblastic differentiation and bone remodeling were determined by a series of in vitro assays. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to identify the potential downstream mechanisms of the regulatory effect of TBI-Exos on osteoblasts. Furthermore, the role of the potential signaling pathway of TBI-Exos in mediating the osteoblastic activity of osteoblasts was assessed. Subsequently, a murine fracture model was established, and the effect of TBI-Exos on bone modeling was demonstrated in vivo. TBI-Exos can be internalized by osteoblasts, and in vitro, suppression of SMAD7 promoted osteogenic differentiation, whereas knockdown of miR-21-5 p in TBI-Exos strongly inhibited this bone-beneficial effect. Similarly, our results confirmed that preinjection of TBI-Exos led to enhanced bone formation, whereas knockdown of exosomal miR-21-5 p substantially impaired this bone-beneficial effect in vivo.
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Seim RF, Willis ML, Wallet SM, Maile R, Coleman LG. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AS REGULATORS OF IMMUNE FUNCTION IN TRAUMATIC INJURIES AND SEPSIS. Shock 2023; 59:180-189. [PMID: 36516458 PMCID: PMC9940835 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite advancements in critical care and resuscitation, traumatic injuries are one of the leading causes of death around the world and can bring about long-term disabilities in survivors. One of the primary causes of death for trauma patients are secondary phase complications that can develop weeks or months after the initial insult. These secondary complications typically occur because of systemic immune dysfunction that develops in response to injury, which can lead to immunosuppression, coagulopathy, multiple organ failure, unregulated inflammation, and potentially sepsis in patients. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as mediators of these processes because their levels are increased in circulation after traumatic injury and they encapsulate cargo that can aggravate these secondary complications. In this review, we will discuss the role of EVs in the posttrauma pathologies that arise after burn injuries, trauma to the central nervous system, and infection. In addition, we will examine the use of EVs as biomarkers for predicting late-stage trauma outcomes and as therapeutics for reversing the pathological processes that develop after trauma. Overall, EVs have emerged as critical mediators of trauma-associated pathology and their use as a therapeutic agent represents an exciting new field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland F. Seim
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Surgery, North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Micah L. Willis
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Surgery, North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shannon M. Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Robert Maile
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leon G. Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Liu X, Zhang L, Cao Y, Jia H, Li X, Li F, Zhang S, Zhang J. Neuroinflammation of traumatic brain injury: Roles of extracellular vesicles. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1088827. [PMID: 36741357 PMCID: PMC9889855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1088827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of neurological disorder or death, with a heavy burden on individuals and families. While sustained primary insult leads to damage, subsequent secondary events are considered key pathophysiological characteristics post-TBI, and the inflammatory response is a prominent contributor to the secondary cascade. Neuroinflammation is a multifaceted physiological response and exerts both positive and negative effects on TBI. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as messengers for intercellular communication, are involved in biological and pathological processes in central nervous system (CNS) diseases and injuries. The number and characteristics of EVs and their cargo in the CNS and peripheral circulation undergo tremendous changes in response to TBI, and these EVs regulate neuroinflammatory reactions by activating prominent receptors on receptor cells or delivering pro- or anti-inflammatory cargo to receptor cells. The purpose of this review is to discuss the possible neuroinflammatory mechanisms of EVs and loading in the context of TBI. Furthermore, we summarize the potential role of diverse types of cell-derived EVs in inflammation following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilei Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiyao Cao
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoran Jia
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanjian Li
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Jianning Zhang, ; Shu Zhang,
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Jianning Zhang, ; Shu Zhang,
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Huang X, Xu X, Wang C, Wang Y, Yang Y, Yao T, Bai R, Pei X, Bai F, Li P. Using bioinformatics technology to mine the expression of serum exosomal miRNA in patients with traumatic brain injury. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1145307. [PMID: 37144089 PMCID: PMC10151740 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1145307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered the most common traumatic neurological disease, is associated with high mortality and long-term complications, and is a global public health issue. However, there has been little progress in serum markers for TBI research. Therefore, there is an urgent need for biomarkers that can sufficiently function in TBI diagnosis and evaluation. Methods Exosomal microRNA (ExomiR), a stable circulating marker in the serum, has aroused widespread interest among researchers. To explore the level of serum ExomiR after TBI, we quantified ExomiR expression levels in serum exosomes extracted from patients with TBI using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and explored potential biomarkers using bioinformatics screening. Results Compared with the control group, there were 245 ExomiR (136 up-regulated and 109 down-regulated) in the serum of the TBI group that changed significantly. We observed serum ExomiRs expression profiles associated with neurovascular remodeling, the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and a cascade of secondary injury, including eight up-regulated ExomiRs (ExomiR-124-3p, ExomiR-137-3p, ExomiR-9-3p, ExomiR-133a-5p, ExomiR-204-3p, ExomiR-519a-5p, ExomiR-4732-5p, and ExomiR-206) and 2 down-regulated ExomiR (ExomiR-21-3p and ExomiR-199a-5). Discussion The results revealed that serum ExomiRs might become a new research direction and breakthrough for the diagnosis and pathophysiological treatment of patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Xintao Huang,
| | - Xinjuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tianle Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xile Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Feirong Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Zhao L, Xu DG, Hu YH. The Regulation of Microglial Cell Polarization in the Tumor Microenvironment: A New Potential Strategy for Auxiliary Treatment of Glioma-A Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:193-204. [PMID: 35137327 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system and normally should be treated by synthetic therapy, mainly with surgical operation assisted by radiotherapy and chemotherapy; however, the therapeutic effect has not been satisfactory, and the 5-year survival rates of anaplastic glioma and glioblastoma are 29.7% and 5.5%, respectively. To identify a more efficient strategy to treat glioma, in recent years, the influence of the inflammatory microenvironment on the progression of glioma has been studied. Various immunophenotypes exist in microglial cells, each of which has a different functional property. In this review, references about the phenotypic conversion of microglial cell polarity in the microenvironment were briefly summarized, and the differences in polarized state and function, their influences on glioma progression under different physiological and pathological conditions, and the interactive effects between the two were mainly discussed. Certain signaling molecules and regulatory pathways involved in the microglial cell polarization process were investigated, and the feasibility of targeted regulation of microglial cell conversion to an antitumor phenotype was analyzed to provide new clues for the efficient auxiliary treatment of neural glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Gang Xu
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Science, Research Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hua Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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Lai WD, Wang S, You WT, Chen SJ, Wen JJ, Yuan CR, Zheng MJ, Jin Y, Yu J, Wen CP. Sinomenine regulates immune cell subsets: Potential neuro-immune intervene for precise treatment of chronic pain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1041006. [PMID: 36619869 PMCID: PMC9813792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1041006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a disease of long-lasting pain with unpleasant feelings mediated by central and (or) peripheral sensitization, its duration usually lasts more than 3 months or longer than the expected recovery time. The patients with chronic pain are manifested with enhanced sensitivity to noxious and non-noxious stimuli. Due to an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms, patients are commonly insensitive to the treatment of first line analgesic medicine in clinic. Thus, the exploration of non-opioid-dependent analgesia are needed. Recent studies have shown that "sinomenine," the main active ingredient in the natural plant "sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. Et Wils," has a powerful inhibitory effect on chronic pain, but its underlying mechanism still needs to be further elucidated. A growing number of studies have shown that various immune cells such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, astrocytes and microglia, accompanied with the relative inflammatory factors and neuropeptides, are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic pain. Notably, the interaction of the immune system and sensory neurons is essential for the development of central and (or) peripheral sensitization, as well as the progression and maintenance of chronic pain. Based on the effects of sinomenine on immune cells and their subsets, this review mainly focused on describing the potential analgesic effects of sinomenine, with rationality of regulating the neuroimmune interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Lai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Ting You
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Si-Jia Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jun Wen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cun-Rui Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Jia Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jie Yu, ; Cheng-Ping Wen,
| | - Cheng-Ping Wen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jie Yu, ; Cheng-Ping Wen,
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45
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Gomes P, Tzouanou F, Skolariki K, Vamvaka-Iakovou A, Noguera-Ortiz C, Tsirtsaki K, Waites CL, Vlamos P, Sousa N, Costa-Silva B, Kapogiannis D, Sotiropoulos I. Extracellular vesicles and Alzheimer's disease in the novel era of Precision Medicine: implications for disease progression, diagnosis and treatment. Exp Neurol 2022; 358:114183. [PMID: 35952764 PMCID: PMC9985072 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted membranous nano-sized particles, are critical intercellular messengers participating in nervous system homeostasis, while recent evidence implicates EVs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Specifically, small EVs have been shown to spread toxic proteins, induce neuronal loss, and contribute to neuroinflammation and AD progression. On the other hand, EVs can reduce amyloid-beta deposition and transfer neuroprotective substances between cells, mitigating disease mechanisms. In addition to their roles in AD pathogenesis, EVs also exhibit great potential for the diagnosis and treatment of other brain disorders, representing an advantageous tool for Precision Medicine. Herein, we summarize the contribution of small EVs to AD-related mechanisms and disease progression, as well as their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Foteini Tzouanou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anastasia Vamvaka-Iakovou
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Institute of Biosciences & Applications NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Carlos Noguera-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katerina Tsirtsaki
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Clarissa L Waites
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Institute of Biosciences & Applications NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
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Garcia G, Pinto S, Ferreira S, Lopes D, Serrador MJ, Fernandes A, Vaz AR, de Mendonça A, Edenhofer F, Malm T, Koistinaho J, Brites D. Emerging Role of miR-21-5p in Neuron-Glia Dysregulation and Exosome Transfer Using Multiple Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:3377. [PMID: 36359774 PMCID: PMC9655962 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with neuron-glia dysfunction and dysregulated miRNAs. We previously reported upregulated miR-124/miR-21 in AD neurons and their exosomes. However, their glial distribution, phenotypic alterations and exosomal spread are scarcely documented. Here, we show glial cell activation and miR-21 overexpression in mouse organotypic hippocampal slices transplanted with SH-SY5Y cells expressing the human APP695 Swedish mutation. The upregulation of miR-21 only in the CSF from a small series of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) AD patients, but not in non-AD MCI individuals, supports its discriminatory potential. Microglia, neurons, and astrocytes differentiated from the same induced pluripotent stem cells from PSEN1ΔE9 AD patients all showed miR-21 elevation. In AD neurons, miR-124/miR-21 overexpression was recapitulated in their exosomes. In AD microglia, the upregulation of iNOS and miR-21/miR-146a supports their activation. AD astrocytes manifested a restrained inflammatory profile, with high miR-21 but low miR-155 and depleted exosomal miRNAs. Their immunostimulation with C1q + IL-1α + TNF-α induced morphological alterations and increased S100B, inflammatory transcripts, sAPPβ, cytokine release and exosomal miR-21. PPARα, a target of miR-21, was found to be repressed in all models, except in neurons, likely due to concomitant miR-125b elevation. The data from these AD models highlight miR-21 as a promising biomarker and a disease-modifying target to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Garcia
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Pinto
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniela Lopes
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Serrador
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Vaz
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Frank Edenhofer
- Department of Genomics, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dora Brites
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Jiao Z, He Z, Liu N, Lai Y, Zhong T. Multiple roles of neuronal extracellular vesicles in neurological disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:979856. [PMID: 36204449 PMCID: PMC9530318 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.979856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathy is a growing public health problem in the aging, adolescent, and sport-playing populations, and the number of individuals at risk of neuropathy is growing; its risks include aging, violence, and conflicts between players. The signal pathways underlying neuronal aging and damage remain incompletely understood and evidence-based treatment for patients with neuropathy is insufficiently delivered; these are two of the reasons that explain why neuropathy is still not completely curable and why the progression of the disease cannot be inhibited. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) shuttling is an important pathway in disease progression. Previous studies have focused on the EVs of cells that support and protect neurons, such as astrocytes and microglia. This review aims to address the role of neuronal EVs by delineating updated mechanisms of neuronal damage and summarizing recent findings on the function of neuronal EVs. Challenges and obstacles in isolating and analyzing neuronal EVs are discussed, with an emphasis on neuron as research object and modification of EVs on translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Jiao
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Gannan Branch of National Geriatric Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Zhigang Jiao,
| | - Zhengyi He
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Nanhai Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Lai
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyu Zhong,
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48
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Zou Y, Mu D, Ma X, Wang D, Zhong J, Gao J, Yu S, Qiu L. Review on the roles of specific cell-derived exosomes in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:936760. [PMID: 35968378 PMCID: PMC9366882 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.936760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide and cannot be effectively cured or prevented; thus, early diagnosis, and intervention are important. The importance of exosomes, membrane-bound extracellular vesicles produced in the endosome of eukaryotic cells, in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of AD has been recognized; however, their specific functions remain controversial and even unclear. With the development of exosome extraction, isolation, and characterization, many studies have focused on exosomes derived from different cells and body fluids. In this study, we summarized the roles of exosomes derived from different body fluids and cells, such as neuron, glial, stem, and endothelial cells, in the development, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of AD. We also emphasize the necessity to focus on exosomes from biological fluids and specific cells that are less invasive to target. Moreover, aside from the concentrations of classic and novel biomarkers in exosomes, the size and number of exosomes may also influence early and differential diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Danni Mu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Medical Science Research Center (MRC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Danchen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Songlin Yu
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Qiu
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49
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Aβ and Tau Regulate Microglia Metabolism via Exosomes in Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081800. [PMID: 35892700 PMCID: PMC9332859 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most striking hallmarks shared by various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. The main pathological features of AD are extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and tau protein are the primary components of the plaques and tangles. The crosstalk between microglia and neurons helps maintain brain homeostasis, and the metabolic phenotype of microglia determines its polarizing phenotype. There are currently many research and development efforts to provide disease-modifying therapies for AD treatment. The main targets are Aβ and tau, but whether there is a causal relationship between neurodegenerative proteins, including Aβ oligomer and tau oligomer, and regulation of microglia metabolism in neuroinflammation is still controversial. Currently, the accumulation of Aβ and tau by exosomes or other means of propagation is proposed as a regulator in neurological disorders, leading to metabolic disorders of microglia that can play a key role in the regulation of immune cells. In this review, we propose that the accumulation of Aβ oligomer and tau oligomer can propagate to adjacent microglia through exosomes and change the neuroinflammatory microenvironment by microglia metabolic reprogramming. Clarifying the relationship between harmful proteins and microglia metabolism will help people to better understand the mechanism of crosstalk between neurons and microglia, and provide new ideas for the development of AD drugs.
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50
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Gao X, Cao Z, Tan H, Li P, Su W, Wan T, Guo W. LncRNA, an Emerging Approach for Neurological Diseases Treatment by Regulating Microglia Polarization. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:903472. [PMID: 35860297 PMCID: PMC9289270 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.903472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders cause untold human disability and death each year. For most neurological disorders, the efficacy of their primary treatment strategies remains suboptimal. Microglia are associated with the development and progression of multiple neurological disorders. Targeting the regulation of microglia polarization has emerged as an important therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders. Their pro-inflammatory (M1)/anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype microglia are closely associated with neuronal apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, blood-brain barrier integrity, resistance to iron death, and astrocyte regulation. LncRNA, a recently extensively studied non-coding transcript of over 200 nucleotides, has shown great value to intervene in microglia polarization. It can often participate in gene regulation of microglia by directly regulating transcription or sponging downstream miRNAs, for example. Through proper regulation, microglia can exert neuroprotective effects, reduce neurological damage and improve the prognosis of many neurological diseases. This paper reviews the progress of research linking lncRNAs to microglia polarization and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Gao
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zilong Cao
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Haifeng Tan
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Peiling Li
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wenen Su
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Teng Wan
- Sports Medicine Department, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Teng Wan,
| | - Weiming Guo
- Sports Medicine Department, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Weiming Guo,
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